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(3) Parks and Open Space Use Category.
This category includes uses that may occur on land that has been identified for parks and recreation uses open to the public or to be left in a generally natural state. The parks and open space subcategories are:
(a) Natural Resources Preservation.
Undeveloped land left in a natural state for specific use as visual open space or environmental purposes.
(b) Passive Recreation.
Recreational facilities associated with pastimes that are incidental to natural open space. These facilities require minor land development, require minimal maintenance, and have little impact on natural open space.
(c) Active Recreation.
Recreational facilities that require major land development, structure construction, and a moderate- to high-level of maintenance and can accommodate large groups of people. |
Graphs 101: How to Read Headphone Measurements
Table of Contents
My Frankenstein headphone measuring rig, responsible for headphone measurements database
This is an article that many have been asking for, given that I’ve become one of the primary sources of frequency response measurements these days. Most of the concepts that are being talked about have been simplified so as to be better understood by newbies in the hobby, so some explanations and terminologies may not be the same as the ones being used by seasoned veterans of the hobby.
This guide has been formatted in order of increasing complexity, so you’re free to stop whenever you think things get too crazy. Though, I encourage all newbies to at least sit through the first five topics.
The Basics
Alternate text: Graph-reading for dummies
I don’t want to go too far into the true basics since that entails a physics lesson on sound and sine-waves. Instead, I’m just going to assume that you already know what the term “frequency” is, and if not, refer to the the video below.
That is what’s called a sine sweep (or frequency sweep), where a tone of increasing frequency is played at equal volume throughout. Did you realise that some frequencies could be louder or softer than others? This is despite the fact that, digitally, each frequency is played back at the same volume to one another. That’s what a frequency response measurement captures: the relative loudness between each frequency point, played by your headphone (or IEM).
When you plot these points on a graph from 20Hz and 20,000Hz (the range of human hearing), a frequency response measurement becomes a line on said graph. The y-axis represents volume, while the x-axis represents the frequency.
The Etymotic ER4S, a common reference point in the IEM world
If we’re analysing this graph as it is, the following characteristics can be seen:
• Fairly linear response below 1kHz, with a mild roll-off below 100Hz
• “Roll-off” refers to a decrease in volume as you move up or down the frequency range
• Peaks around 2.6kHz at a volume of roughly 12dB
• Rolls off past its initial peak, bottoming out at 7kHz where it’s roughly in line with its response at 1kHz
• Dip of roughly 10dB at 12kHz
• Peak at about 16kHz
• Roll-off past 16kHz
And if you’re taking this data at face value, you’d say that the Etymotic ER4S is “flat” in the bass with a boosted upper midrange, and back to somewhat “flat” treble. This assessment is not the most accurate since the data I’ve provided in the graph is “raw”, but more on that in the next topic.
“Bass”? “Upper midrange”? For some of you, those might be familiar words that you’ve seen but not wholly understood. Such words are descriptors intended to refer to a general range of frequencies, an alternative to having to specify the exact range of numbers every single time.
You may have seen this famous frequency chart from the now-defunct Independent Recording Network:
Which probably provides a better explanation than anything I can conjure up at the moment. Though for clarity’s sake, I’ll write down my personal classifications of each frequency range:
• 20Hz to 80Hz: Sub-bass
• 80Hz to 200Hz: Mid-bass
• 200Hz to 800Hz: Lower midrange
• 800Hz to 1,500Hz: Centre midrange
• 1,500Hz to 5,000Hz: Upper midrange
• 5,000Hz to 10,000Hz: Treble
• 10,000Hz+: Upper treble/”air”
Why is this distinction important? For starters, knowing what my definitions of each frequency range are helps to interpret reviews, especially for reviewers like me who often makes references to frequency response. Everyone has their own personal definitions and there are no strict set of rules that dictate where each frequency range ends and where another begins.
A different person might say that the term “upper mids” only refers to frequencies between 2kHz and 4kHz. Perhaps another would say that “upper bass” is a region that needs to be acknowledged and distinguished from the rest. Even the chart above disagrees with my classification and sees no need to specifically highlight “low mids” as its own frequency range, but that’s fine. As long as you’re aware of what I’m referring to whenever I use these terms, that’s the ultimate goal of using such descriptors.
You can make use of a FR graph to see whether or not your desired frequency range is boosted or dipped. Perhaps you’re a basshead, so a roll-off below 400Hz would be a huge red flag for you. The purpose of a FR graph is to allow you to objectively see the “signature” of a given headphone or IEM, and so is a vital (basically essential) part of your purchasing decisions as an audiophile, especially when you don’t have immediate physical access to said product.
Scaling & Smoothing
Tricks of the trade
With the increasing popularity of frequency response measurements, many companies had turned to publishing their own graphs for extra marketing power. But this also means that the data is prone to manipulation by said company in order to make a not-so-great measurement look a little better. This is done primarily in four ways:
• Increased scaling
• Increased aspect ratio
• Increased smoothing
• Usually denoted as “1/X octave smoothing” where the lower the value of X, the greater the smoothing.
• Insert depth and resonance manipulation (explained further in the “Coupler Resonance” topic)
The first two comprise a technique I’d refer to as the ol’ “stretch and squash”; “squashing” the curve by “stretching” the y-axis and aspect ratio. Combine these with boosted smoothing to flatten those peaks and dips, and what you got is a beautified graph that few would take issue on.
Let’s use the Empire Ears Valkyrie as an example, an IEM with huge imbalances in the bass, mids and treble:
This graph is my standard format, done on a 30dB to 85dB y-axis (55dB differential), 16:9-ish aspect ratio and a reasonable 1/12 octave smoothing. Now watch what happens when I stretch the y-axis, stretch the aspect ratio and turn the octave smoothing all the way up to 1/3:
Would you look at that, the curve has been thoroughly squashed. Now it looks only slightly V-shaped as opposed to the extreme-V it was previously.
It’s always important to look out for these things when analysing a graph. The data itself may not be touched, but sometimes it’s the presentation of said data that fools people the best. So whenever you look at a graph from an unknown source, it’s good to ask yourself these questions:
• What is the y-axis range?
• What is the aspect ratio of the graph?
• 50dB is my personal sweet spot on a roughly 16:9 aspect ratio.
• A larger y-axis range with a higher aspect ratio is a red flag for a beautified, “squashed” curve.
• Did the graph state the octave smoothing used? If not, does the measurement look unnaturally smooth or suspiciously lacking in peaks and/or dips?
• It’s always good to ask the graph provider, whenever possible.
Things are not as they seem
The term “normalisation” is relevant when comparing graphs. Basically, a normalisation point is the point where you’d like two (or more) graphs to match themselves at, allowing for easier reading of graphs.
The normalisation function in the Graph Comparison Tool
My graph comparison tool allows you to either normalise by perceived volume (equal loudness) or at a frequency point. Normalisation can also affect how you read an interpret a graph, so it is important to know what it is, and how to use it.
As a demonstration, I’ll just select two random IEMs to compare:
The normalisation above defaults to “equal loudness”, so these are the differences you’d reasonably expect to hear if you were to volume-match these two IEMs by ear.
However, there seems to be a “rule of thumb” floating around that states that normalisation should always be done at 1kHz. I think that’s a decent general guideline in the absence of equal-loudness contouring, but watch what happens when I normalise these two graphs at 1k:
Looks a little weird. Now the Starfield is louder from 20Hz all the way up to 7kHz. Not quite a fair comparison, is it?
And the comparison gets worse if you were to compare a neutral set of IEMs with something that’s very V-shaped:
Again, I’m not saying that normalising at 1kHz is a bad thing to do, since a lot of IEMs tend to compare well at that particular point. However, it’s not a set-in-stone rule that has to be followed all the time. The name of the game is knowing what exactly you’re trying to compare; for instance with IEMs with a lot of different individual tunings:
Normalising by equal loudness or even at 1kHz doesn’t seem to put the point across very well. It’s not bad, but not the most optimal presentation of the differences. But given that the bass response seems to be the same in every instance, let’s see what happens when we normalise at an unorthodox 200Hz:
Much better, and the differences in each setting are shown much more clearly by locking the lower frequencies as a constant.
So again, there’s no hard-and-fast rule when it comes to normalisation. A lot of it comes down to knowing the comparison you want and gut feel. But for the most part, keeping the default to equal loudness would be the best choice for a newbie.
What are "raw graphs"?
TL;DR: Flat on a raw graph is not flat in real life
Now we’re getting into the good stuff. I’ve mentioned in the first topic that my assessment of the ER4S graph is not the most accurate since the data is “raw”. What exactly does that mean?
“Raw” is a term that I use often since the graphs and measurements that I publish are typically displayed as such, and its meaning is pretty self-explanatory. “Raw graphs” (or measurements) typically refer to measurements that have not been altered, usually to signify that said graph has not been “compensated” (next topic).
Graphs from sources like HeavyMetal Hallelujah typically compensate to Diffuse Field (red and blue lines) but also show the raw measurements (grey).
Innerfidelity holds the same practices, with their proprietary Independent-of-Direction (ID) compensated graph in red & blue, while simultaneously displaying the raw measurement below that in grey. (This is also a measurement of the Etymotic ER4SR.)
You can see that in both cases, while Innerfidelity and HeavyMetal Hallelujah use the same industry-standard couplers (more on that in the “Measuring Systems” topic), their compensated (red & blue) graphs are wildly different. This is due to the different compensations used, which we’ll get into in the next topic. For now, take note that while the compensated graphs are different, the raw graphs are largely similar if not identical.
Why is this significant? In the case of IEM and headphone measurements, flat on a raw graph does not mean that the resulting sound is flat when you listen to it. The reasons are explained in the topic “Measuring Systems“, but for now your main takeaway should be that raw graphs (in the case of headphones and IEMs) should not be taken at face value.
So since a raw graph doesn’t tell you what “flat” is, how exactly would you properly read it?
And the concept of "target curves"
A compensation is basically substracting a “target curve” from an existing measurement in order to get a new compensated graph. Basically, compensation turns a selected target curve into a flat line, with any peaks and dips representing deviations from said target.
Before compensation
After compensation
Compensation makes graphs easier to read by making a flat line now actually mean something. So… why not make every graph compensated? Make it so that in every graph, flat = flat in real life?
Just some of the target curves out there.
The problem with that is… well, what is flat?
Most of the time, headphone (and sometimes IEM) measurements are compensated to the Diffuse Field curve. So that’s it then! you may cry, just compensate everything to Diffuse Field!
Yeah… uh, which Diffuse Field?
Alright, so the more seasoned of you veterans might be rolling your eyes now since most measurbators would’ve already considered the Hammershøi & Møller Diffuse Field response to be the “standard” DF target that most academics would default to. But the dilemma is still very much real here whenever someone mentions “compensation” in the context of headphone & IEM measurements; the mere fact that a graph is “compensated” is not enough, and specifying the target curve used is just as crucial.
This is the reason why I’ve provided multiple target curves on my Graph Comparison Tool so that users have the freedom of choice to decide what compensation they’d like to use, as opposed to defaulting to DF all the time. And for those without premium access, here are the targets in question:
You can see that regardless of target curve, there is always an emphasis centering around 3kHz. The reason for this is explained in the next topic, and this is commonly referred to as “pinna gain” (in the context of IEMs) and “head gain” (in the context of headphones) in reference to the immediate body part that each transducer bypasses.
So just as a demonstration, what happens when you use the “Baseline” function of the graph tool to compensate the Etymotic ER4S raw graph using the Etymotic target?
The Etymotic ER4S matches the Etymotic target. Go figure.
The idea of compensation is not necessarily to turn “flat on a graph” into “flat in real life”, but rather to use certain target curves as reference points. For some people, due to the ubiquity of DF-compensated measurements, that’s what they’re used to and so raw graphs freak them out.
At the end of the day, use what you’re familiar with. But be aware that a compensated graph is not necssarily superior to a raw one, especially when the parameters are unknown. With raw graphs, the only variable you need to find out is the measuring system used, whereas with a compensated graph you’d need to find out both the measuring system and compensation used.
Speaking of measuring systems…
Measuring Systems
The wild and whacky world of microphones and mannequins
For headphone and IEM measurements, we need to simulate the human body (or at the very least, parts of it).
To understand why simulation is required, we have to look at how exactly the human body interacts with sound. Sound goes through a lot of physical mediums before it finally arrives at our eardrums. The head, the torso, the outer ear structure and the ear canal, all contribute to small changes to sound waves that can alter what would have been a flat signal to something totally different.
Using these Head and Torso Simulators (HATS) are how the above target curves are generated. And by selectively removing certain components on the HATS system, we can also find out what each body part does to the audio signal:
Credit: Innerfidelity
This results in the aforementioned pinna/head gain from the previous topic, and the reason why you don’t want a raw graph to be completely flat.
But simulating the whole body is only relevant when trying to find out how the human body interacts with sound in open air, as is the case with curves such as Diffuse Field and Free Field. In the case of headphone and IEM measurements, only the body parts that directly interact with the transducer are required.
For headphones, that will be:
• The flesh and bone surrounding the ear (that comes in contact with the pads)
• The outer ear structure
• The space between the outer ear and eardrum (which includes the ear canal)
Whereas in IEMs, only the last part is required for measurements since they bypass the head and pinna flange.
IEM Measuring Systems
For IEMs, measurement systems can be categorised into two general types: occluded-ear simulated or without occluded-ear simulation.
Couplers that do not have this occluded-ear simulation include things like the Vibro Labs Veritas (now defunct) and my old Dayton iMM-6 rig that uses vinyl tubing as a makeshift coupler. These couplers largely consist of sealed DIY rigs and are more than adequate for internal comparative purposes (i.e. graphs made using the same coupler and system) but cannot be compared with academic target curves due to the different coupler used.
My old iMM-6 rig.
On the other hand, IEC60318-4 is the magic string of words and numbers that represent the “industry standard” for occluded-ear simulation. The previous standard was known as IEC60711, so that’s why some people also refer to IEC60318-4 systems as simply “711 couplers”. My database is built on an IEC60318-4 compliant coupler, hence why it can be compensated to academic curves that were also built on the same standard.
My IEC60318-4 compliant coupler.
But even within the “occluded-ear simulated” category, there lies a new competing “standard”: the GRAS RA040X. The main draw of the RA040X is its dampening of coupler resonance which allows for easier interpretation of FR graphs generated from such systems. This will be explained further in the next topic.
That’s not all, the difference in measurement rigs get even worse when you put headphones into the mix…
Headphone Measuring Systems
Just like with IEMs, headphone measuring rigs can be essentially classified to two broad categories of simulated versus non-simulated. And unlike IEMs, the costs of simulating the required body parts for headphone measurements are prohibitively expensive, and so majority of the graphs that you can find online would be done on simple non-simulated DIY rigs.
The most common DIY headphone measuring rig is known as the “flat plate”, where the headphone rests on a literal flat plate with the microphone flush against the plane:
Credit: OJneg, SBAF
The other category, simulated, is a broader category as some rigs don’t have all the required simulators for a fully accurate measurement. The miniDSP EARS, probably the only commercially available plug-and-play headphone measuring rig right now, has a pinna simulator but no occluded-ear simulator. Its pinna doesn’t follow any standard, but hey, it exists.
The difference in pinna structure, coupled with the odd canal and lack of occluded-ear simulation results in a response that’s quite different from industry-standard gear:
A flat line on this graph means "zero difference".
And even when we move into the realm of industry-standard equipment from companies like GRAS and B&K, we face a different kind of inconsistency. While the occluded-ear simulator is relatively well-defined under IEC60318-4, pinna simulators tend to differ from manufacturer to manufacturer:
Source: Clarityfidelity
So even between rigs that have proper occluded-ear and pinna simulation, the differences in final measurements can be quite significant:
For headphone measurements moreso than IEMs, cross-referencing between different rigs is highly discouraged. The best way to compare headphone graphs is internally: same rig, same methodology. Consistency and repeatability is key in the world of measurements.
Why know this? In order to proper read a FR graph, you have to know its source. A subpar looking graph on an unproven DIY rig could look pretty good compared to when the same headphone/IEM is measured on an industry-standard one, and vice versa applies. Knowing the measurement system used is half the battle in reading FR graphs, and it pains me to see how little the question “what are you measuring this on?” is asked even in data-obsessed objectivist ciricles.
And of course, Brüel & Kjær is soon releasing their new Type 5128 that comes with a lot of new changes that promises better accuracy and precision, but you know what they say
Coupler Resonance
That scary peak nobody likes to see
This part is more in reference to IEM measurements moreso than headphones, though it’s still relevant in the latter.
Now since our ear canals (and in turn, the equipment that simulate it) are essentially hollow tubes, that means that sound waves going through it will result in half-wave resonances. Again, the exact mechanics of this requires a whole physics lesson by itself, so here’s the simplified TL;DR: when measuring IEMs, there will always be a consistent, repeatable “spike” in the higher frequencies. This “spike” is known as coupler resonance and is typically a constant that’s independent from the IEM being measured (assuming consistent methodology).
This resonance can be controlled with a consistent measurement methodology in which the insertion depth of the IEM into the canal is made constant. For my measurements, I have this resonance normalised at 8kHz (whenever possible).
Note that:
• Consistency and repeatability takes priority. The location of the resonance bears no immediate significance, only that the measurer (me) is able to hit it consistently.
• Deviations from the targetted resonance is expected since different IEMs have different fit. Universal IEMs like FitEar demo units and 64 Audio universals tend to have short and stubby nozzles, hence resulting in shallower inserts.
• These concepts of resonance is in the assumption that the coupler is undamped (more on that later).
To demonstrate my point, I’ll randomly pick and choose a few IEMs from my graph database:
As you can see, due to my measurement process there will always be a consistent, repeatable spike at around 8kHz. Keeping the insert depth constant (and so the resonance point) ensures that graph readers can immediately identify what peaks are due to half-wave resonances and what are inherently from the driver itself.
Adjusting the insertion depth results in the half-wave resonance shifting up or down the frequency spectrum. The effects are as follows:
A shallower insert causes the resonance to decrease in frequency. A deeper insert causes the resonance to increase in frequency.
A graphical representation of the effects of insertion depth.
And to prove my point how insertion depth (and its inconsistency) can completely marr a database’s reliability, I’ve performed my own insertion depth test with the IER-Z1R. Same IEM, same method, different insertions.
This is the same IEM, yet the measurements look completely different! A shallow insert results in a painfully large 6kHz spike, while a “reference plane” insert (AKA deep insert) causes the SPL between 6kHz and 10kHz to drop significantly.
In the case of the shallow insert, the sharp increase in SPL is due to the fact that coupler resonance has its own “Q-factor” that also affects the frequencies surrounding it. A shallow insert also tends to increase the magnitude of the resonance along with decreasing its frequency, so a lot of frequencies immediately below said resonance are also subsequently boosted as well.
As for a deep insert, the magnitude of the resonance decreases along with increasing its frequency. For many IEMs, a deep insert is an easy way to tame treble but in the context of IEM measurements, it also tends to “valley” the range at and around 8kHz.
Now, imagine if a database does not have its testing methodology laid out. You would have no idea where their resonance point is and would have to guess whether a particular peak is due to coupler resonance or if it exists inherently as part of the driver. This is a problem that many enthusiasts face, a problem that GRAS attempts to address with its “high resolution” IEC60318-4 coupler that is built specifically to target and dampen coupler resonance:
RA040X's dampening in comparison to traditional 711 couplers
Which means that insertion depth and resulting resonances are not as significant as on other IEC60318-4 couplers:
The main draw of such is a coupler is to separate “coupler resonance” from “driver resonance”, making graphs far easier to interpret for the layperson:
However, there have been debates on whether or not such intentional dampening of resonance peaks are truly representative of what we hear, and if GRAS is sacrificing accuracy for readability. The Sony MDR-Z1R debacle is such a case, in which the existence of a 10kHz spike in the headphone was hotly contested between Head-Fi’s Jude Mansilla and Innerfidelity’s Tyll Herstens. It’s a debate that’s probably too deep for a “basic” guide such as this, but it definitely deserves a mention due to its relevance in this topic.
Why higher frequencies matter more than you think
Harmonics are also known as “overtones”. They are the frequencies that gives an instruments its timbre, though in the audiophile circles the term “tonality” is used to describe how natural or coloured a transducer is.
So why is it that the term “tonality” and sometimes “timbre” is commonly discussed in the same page as frequency response? Before we delve into that, we’ll have to define what exactly “harmonics” are.
Music and instruments, as you all may know, are not pure tones. The sine sweep that you may have listened to at the start, now that’s a pure tone. A cold, unfeeling tone that represents absolutely nothing but the singular frequency it is playing. Harmonics on the other hand, are multiples of a fundamental tone.
So if your fundamental frequency is 1kHz, your second harmonic would be 2kHz, your third harmonic would be 3kHz, so on and so forth. Let’s refer back to frequency chart of the first topic:
On each instrument, you can see the graphic separating it to orange and yellow. The orange represents the range of the the fundamental frequencies that instrument is known to play, and the yellow represents the harmonics that said instruments is known to generate.
The fundamental frequency is tied to the note that is being played, for instance middle C (C4) has a fundamental of 261Hz, A4 has a fundamental of 440Hz, A5 has a fundamental of 880Hz and so on. This is also assuming a classical tweleve-tone equal temperment, but that’s a whole different topic on its own. A full list of key frequencies are available on Wikipedia.
So when we play a C4 note on a trumpet, the spray of harmonics could look like this:
And as you can see, each “spike” is a multiple of the fundamental of 261Hz (C4), so the second harmonic is placed at 522Hz, the third at 783Hz and so on.
Still with me? Good.
So how does harmonics relate back to frequency response? It’s simple really: the frequency response shows the pattern in which the headphone will play back harmonics.
Let’s take two IEMs that are very different FR-wise, and play a C4 trumpet note. I’ve selected the Sony IER-Z1R and the recently reviewed Anthem Five E2 for this demonstration:
Ignore data below 200Hz. Graphs are normalised at the fundamental.
You can see that while the general trend of harmonics is largely the same, there are slight differences in magnitude at each harmonic. And of course there would be, after all, nobody would argue against the fact that the IER-Z1R and the E2 sound different from each other.
But how would you predict this purely from FR? A simple overlay would tell you everything:
Graphs normalised at the second harmonic, 522Hz.
You can see the difference in each harmonic correlates with the each IEM’s frequency response. I’ve normalised everything at the second harmonic of 522Hz which is why both the FR graphs and the second harmonics are matched to each other.
• The fundamental of 261Hz is higher on the E2 than it is on the Z1R, which is confirmed on the FR comparison.
• The third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh harmonic is lower on the E2, also confirmed on FR
• The tenth and eleventh harmonic is higher on the E2, confirmed on FR
• The Z1R has higher harmonics from the twentieth harmonic onwards, confirmed on FR
I’ve skipped a few in-betweens but you get where I’m coming from. Harmonics, tonality and timbre are concepts that are very much interwined with frequency response. You can get a fairly good idea of a headphone’s tonality through FR measurements, provided that you know how to read and intepret them in the first place.
The Importance of FR
It's only useless if you don't know how to read them
No more lessons, this is just a short afterword.
At the end of the day, an FR measurement is only as useful as the person interpeting it. I’ve seen figures being thrown around regarding how significant graphs are in the hobby, and once we ignore the outliers (i.e. those who call them completely useless or the ones who say that FR tells us everything objectively), the amount of different answers that I see are plentiful… and expected.
Again, an FR measurement is only as useful as the person interpeting it. Only those who choose to learn are afforded the knowledge. A graph does not automatically bestow upon you the hidden secrets of a headphone; one requires a certain level of critical thinking in order to reap the full benefits.
I’ll be back to my regularly scheduled (ha!) product reviews after this. This has been one of the most in-depth guides I’ve written thus far, and I hope you found it useful.
Man Ho
9 thoughts on “Graphs 101: How to Read Headphone Measurements”
1. Your measurements of the Stax L300 seem to show very good extension into the sub bass. It’s strange since all other measurements I have seen show that it falls off below 100hz. Is this a measuring error?
2. An imperfect seal with Stax will result in a mild midbass boost followed by extreme sub-bass rolloff, which is why L300s are often modded to tighten said seal. Any Harman-style target compensation will also make measured-flat bass look rolled off, reflecting the fact that most people perceive boosted bass in both headphones and IEMs as subjectively neutral.
3. Great article! Very explanatory.
I miss a bit you don’t talk about the “Harman target” that for me is is the real “flat” target and the guide to select the iems I like to buy and enjoy.
I miss to a little explanation about all people have a natural and favourite “sound signature” (warm, neutral, cold, etc) and how it influences our opinions about one headphone/iem or another. And explains how different people may have som very opposite thoughs about the same headphone/iem.
I know that for you this article is important to set your fundamentals and statements and people knows why you reviews are the way they are. Thanks mate I really apreciate it.
Stay safe!
4. There is nothing like having clear ideas to be able to express them clearly. This you have certainly achieved in this article and I’m very grateful to have received the tools that will help me to interpret the FR graphs (or, at least, give me the illusion that I can).
5. This comment has been posted in both of the articles mentioned below.
Suggestion for collaboration database.
Hello Crinacle and Acoustics Insider,
I have been working for 14 years in professional music studios, and recently started working with headphones for private productions.
There is a great debate in the world of music Mastering and Mixing about ” What is Flat? ” and ” What is actually Reference! ”
You both have written the best articles I have read (and I read a lot) that address the question of a reference sound in modern perspective.
An Inconvenient Truth About Room Acoustics (The Myth Of The Flat Frequency Response)
Graphs 101: How to Read Headphone Measurements
*See: Compensations – And the concept of “target curves”
The fact is that many high-end >$200,000 Mastering Studios have less of a “Flat” frequency response than some $300 In-Ears these days.
I believe that by comparing your measurements of actual professional studios and headphones, we can have better understanding of which headphones are reference ready for music production, than what is currently known and published.
Just imagine if this information would be available and comparable 🙂
I believe this comparison will be incredibly valuable for every music producer and engineer!
And will widen and enrich the idea of the reference concept.
*This could be a an impressive alternative to products like Waves Abbey Road Studio (only their frequency response)
*Crinacle imagine using a famous music studio as ‘Baseline’ function in the graphs
Thank you and good luck!
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Graph Database Updates
Graph Database Update (26/11/19)
A smaller update of some popular items. Added Apple AirPods ProFearless La HireFearless LancelotFearless RolandFearless Y2K “Crinacle Tuning” Updated AAW
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How to tell if you have pet allergies and how to avoid them.
They are sweet, loyal, cuddly furry friends…. and they’re making you miserable. You and 15 percent of the general population suffer from allergic reactions to cats and dogs.
Almost 62 percent of U.S. household have pets, but millions of owners (or visitors to a pet owner’s home) suffer allergic reactions to the proteins found in a pet’s dander, skin flakes, saliva and urine. For asthma sufferers, these proteins can worsen their preexisting symptoms.
Symptoms of Pet Allergies
According to the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI), there are a couple of ways to tell if a furry friend may be causing your wheezing and sneezing. If you have a new pet around, or are visiting someone with a pet, and you experience:
• Sneezing
• Facial pain
• Coughing, shortness of breath
• Watery, red or itchy eyes
• Skin rash or hives
If you are suffering from any combination of these symptoms, you may have a pet allergy.
A common test used to scientifically diagnose a pet allergy is a skin-prick test. Once it is medically determined that someone does suffer from certain pet allergies, an allergist or immunologist can provide a treatment plan or plan of action to reduce allergic symptoms. Over-the-counter medicines, like DayClear, may be suggested as a source for relief if a friendly furry pet has become a family member and is going to be staying in the house for the long term.
Cats can produce multiple allergens and their dander is considered one of the smallest airborne danders to trigger allergic symptoms. In fact, according to the ACAAI, cat dander can remain in the air for 30 minutes, even if the friendly feline is no longer in the room. That means that someone can experience exposure to a cat allergen constantly when sharing a home or space with a furry friend, increasing the chances of a severe reaction.
Dogs can also be culprits for multiple allergens found in dog hair, dander, saliva and urine. Similar to cats, a dog’s dander can remain airborne for long periods of time even with a slight amount of air circulation. Just as with cats, dog allergy symptom severity can range depending on the exposure level and the individual. However, research shows that cat dander does tend to be the source of more pet allergy reactions than dogs.
To prevent the spread of cat dander throughout a home or living space, a cat should have one room to hold its litter box, toys and sleeping area. Additionally, a cat owner may want to consider hard surface floors, like tile or hard wood, to prevent cat dander from collecting in the carpet. Essentially, it is advised that cats should be restricted to only a few rooms in the house to prevent the spread of allergens. Leather furniture is also recommended instead of drapes and stuffed couches, as these will accumulate cat dander as well.
If someone is experiencing irritation or trouble breathing when around a cat, the ACAAI suggests avoiding petting, hugging or kissing the cat. If it is unavoidable, quickly wash hands with soap and water. Lastly, the ACAAI says cat owners should regular clean the home using a high-efficiency vacuum cleaner and keep HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) cleaners running in the home.
If these recommendations are too difficult or lofty, experts recommend a few other tips as well:
• Try to keep the area where you pet stays clean, and ensure it has as little carpeting as possible.
• Frequently wash your bedding, sheets, comforters and blankets. Washing bedding or blankets anywhere the animal may go is essential.
• Experts also suggest wiping down pets with a warm, damp washcloth or frequently giving a warm bath to wash away excess hair, dander or sweat.
Beyond these preventative measures, medication can be used to help alleviate allergic symptoms. Potent allergy medicines, like DayClear Allergy, can work quickly to remedy the symptoms of a pet allergy. We suggest keeping a bottle of DayClear on hand for you or your guests, should an allergic reaction to your pet occur.
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Which types of work are subject to copyright?
Copyright ownership gives the owner the exclusive right to use the work, with some exceptions. When a person creates an original work, fixed in a tangible medium, he or she automatically owns copyright to the work. Many types of works are eligible for copyright protection, for example: Audiovisual works, such as TV shows, movies, and online videos Sound recordings and musical compositions Written works, such as lectures, articles, books, and musical compositions Visual works, such as paintings, posters, and advertisements Video games and computer software Dramatic works, such as plays and musicals
Yes, in some circumstances, it is possible to use a copyright-protected work without infringing the owner’s copyright. For more about this, you may wish to learn about fair use. It is important to note that your content can be removed from an online platform in response to a claim of copyright infringement, even if you have...
• Given credit to the copyright owner
• Refrained from monetizing the infringing content
• Charged for a copy of the content in question
• Noticed similar content that appear elsewhere on the internet
• Purchased the content including a hard or digital copy
• Stated that “no copyright infringement is intended”
What is the difference between copyright and trademark? What about patents??
What is the difference between copyright and privacy?
Photography and Copyright Law
Q: The term “Copyright” is often misunderstood. Especially when it comes to art and photography. The first and most obvious question would therefore be; What is Copyright?
(1) to reproduce the photograph;
(2) to prepare derivative works based upon the photograph;
(3) to distribute copies of the photograph to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;
(4) to display the photograph publicly;
Found in the U.S. Copyright Act at 17 U.S.C. 106 (
Q: what is Copyright in photography?
Copyright: Under U.S. law, copyright in photography is the property of the person who presses the shutter on the camera — not the person who owns the camera, and not even the person in the photo. A photographer will own that copyright throughout their life and 70 years afterwards.
Q: What is creative commons?
Creative Commons: is a type of licensing meaning that you grant others limited rights to your work. For example, you may allow a company the ability to reproduce or change your image for use on the website. By law you still own the copyright to the photograph, you just allow the company the ability to use a part of or the full image for their gain.
Q: How does a creative commons license work?
When using Creative Commons there are different licensing packages that can be applied to different packages. Sum packages allow commercial use of the work with pay and other allow the use of work without pay. It also determines whether the artist require certain attribution, such as their name or website to be used when an image is used.
Q: When an image is taken, who owns the copyright?<br>
The ownership of any image always defaults to the person who took the photo; unless the photo was taken under contract, which means the image was made under work-made-for-hire” (also known as “work for hire”) category. A work-made-for-hire relationship is created in two situations: (1) the photographer is an employee hired to take photographs for the employer—an example would be a photojournalist who is an employee of a newspaper but not a wedding or portrait photographer who is hired for one event; or (2) the photographer is hired to provide photographs for collective works or compilations and signs a written agreement that specifically states that the work is to be considered a work made for hire. Therefore, freelance photographers are subjected to work-for-hire status only when they agree to it contractually.
Q: If I don’t register my copyright, do I still own the copyright to my photos?
Yes. When a photo is not registered with the US Copyright Office prior to an infringement (or within three months of the first publication of the photo), a copyright owner may recover only “actual damages” for the infringement (pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 504 (b)), instead of statutory damages. Courts usually calculate actual damages based on your normal license fees and/or standard licensing fees plus profits derived from the infringement, if not too speculative. One source for standard license fees is a software program called Fotoquote.
Q: What is the Digital Millennium Copyright Act?
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), enacted in 1998, implemented treaties signed at the 1996 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Geneva conference. It addresses many issues, one of which affects photographers directly. The DMCA states that while an Internet Service Provider (ISP) is not liable for transmitting information that may infringe a copyright, the ISP must remove materials from users’ websites that appear to constitute copyright infringement.
Your copyright does not have to be registered with the U.S. Copyright Office for you to take advantage of this provision. If you find a website that is using one of your images without permission, contact the hosting ISP and report the infringement. The DMCA also provides for certain damages when your work is infringed. If the infringer has removed your copyright management information, such as your name, contact information, or copyright notice, from your work in an attempt to facilitate or conceal its infringement, the infringer may have violated the DMCA. Section 1202(b) of the DMCA prohibits the removal of “copyright management information” in certain circumstances. It states in pertinent part:
No person shall, without the authority of the copyright owner or the law—(1) intentionally remove or alter any copyright management information . . . . knowing, or, with respect to civil remedies . . . having reasonable grounds to know, that it will induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal an infringement of any right under this title.
The statutory award for each violation of Section 1202 ranges from $2,500 to $25,000. The DMCA is another important tool in the photographer’s legal toolkit.
Q: Do I need a model or property release to own the copyright in my photograph?
Copyrights and rights of privacy for people are different rights. When photographers take photos of people, they must be careful to not invade their privacy. This happens when someone enters a person’s private domain in a manner that would be considered offensive to the average person. As a photographer, the act of going on someone’s land without permission would be trespassing and also may violate the person’s right of privacy. You don’t have to take a photo or publish an image photo for the action to be unlawful. Some courts have found that a photographer has violated privacy rights even when photographing someone in public. Instances would include cases where the photographers harass their subjects, use hidden cameras, or wait for a woman’s skirt to be blown at a fun house. It also is unlawful to view and photograph people inside of residences or other places where privacy is normally expected, even when the photographer is standing in public.
After the photo is taken, however, the photographer should be concerned with the person’s right of publicity. You violate a person’s right of publicity when, without permission, you use a photo of a person for your own benefit. The “editorial” use of a photo is not considered a use of the person’s image for your own benefit. “Commercial” use is different because the use benefits the photographer, so you need the person’s consent to use their image. If you get a model release signed by the subject, you are free to use the image commercially, i.e., for advertising.
If an image is used in a newsworthy item then that constitutes an editorial use. In such cases, a person’s rights are evaluated in light of constitutional interests. “Newsworthiness” is a First Amendment, freedom of the press interest and is broadly construed. Courts traditionally have defined public interest or newsworthiness in liberal and far-reaching terms, not limiting it to the dissemination of news in the sense of current events. They have extended it well beyond that to include all types of factual, educational and historical data, even including entertainment and amusement and other interesting phases of human activity in general.
Commercial use of a photograph usually occurs when the picture of the person has been used purely for “advertising purposes.” While the photograph of a person may be used for something that is sold for profit, such as for use in a book or as a photographic print, selling the photo is not the test for a commercial usage. Using a picture of a person in advertising or for trade without consent may violate the person’s right of publicity, especially when it injures the economic interests of the person due to commercial exploitation. If someone looking at a photograph would think that the person in it is promoting or endorsing a product affiliated with the photograph, then the use is commercial. When the photo of a person is incorporated into a product such as a tee shirt, the use is commercial. At times, it is difficult to determine if a usage is considered commercial or editorial, so it is always safer to get the model release.
In general, if property is visible and can be photographed from a public place, you don’t need a property release to use an image that depicts the property and you may use the photo in any manner. Copyright law provides an exclusion for photographing buildings located on property, but not for statues or other items that may have separate copyrights. There also are restrictions on some governmental property. These include federal seals and insignia as well as military or nuclear installations due to security concerns. If the statue or copyrighted item has minimal presence in your image, your photo may fall under the exclusion due to fair use. Otherwise, you must get permission to take an image and to use it for any purpose.
Nevertheless, some companies have tried to prevent the use—both commercially and editorially—of photographs of their buildings or objects via trademark protection or contract law. Examples include the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the Lone Cypress tree on the 17 Mile Drive at Pebble Beach, CA, the Golden Gate Bridge, and the “Hollywood” sign. While these attempts have been unsuccessful, it can be expensive to litigate them
Q: Do I need to put the © notice on my photos?
You’ll often see a copyright “notice”—the familiar © or the word “copyright” with a date and name of the copyright owner—posted on creative works. A proper notice has three parts: the first part is the © (the letter “c” in a circle), the word “Copyright,” or its abbreviation, “Copr.” Some people use a “c” within parentheses like this: (c), but it has not been designated to be part of the official copyright notice. The second part notes the year when the work was first published. The third required part of a copyright notice is the name of the copyright owner. The final form looks like this: © 2020 Jhon doe. Including a copyright notice is no longer required for copyright protection, but it is a good idea to use it.
When you use the copyright notice it may stop someone from stealing your photographs, either because it serves as a reminder that the work is protected or because the notice interferes with the use of the work when it is part of the photo. Also, it helps to post a copyright notice on your photos because the infringer then cannot say the use was innocent. Further, you may be eligible for DMCA damages if your copyright notice is removed to hide an infringement (see above). You may use the copyright notice without registering your work with the U.S. Copyright Office. |
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Home > Health Hub > Article > Coronavirus and Cardiac Issues: What are the risks?
Coronavirus and Cardiac Issues: What are the risks?
Medikoe Wellness Expert
Medikoe Wellness Expert
80 feet road indira nagar, Bengaluru Jul 13, 2021
2 min
If you have a cardiac issue, whether sudden or long-standing, it is required to consult a doctor. However, amid the coronavirus outbreak, not everybody is seeking medical help for cardiac issues — even possibly serious ones, such as heart failure, heart attack, arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) and other heart conditions.
Apart from the focus on COVID-19, heart conditions are not taking a rest during the pandemic. Here is why patients with cardiovascular issues — and those who are undergoing heart trouble for the first time — need to seek care immediately.
Coronavirus and the Heart
The lungs and heart work together in your body to regulate oxygenation. When your lung is affected by a respiratory disease such as COVID-19 (novel coronavirus), the heart might as well be affected. The heart has to work hard in order to pump blood, which may be even more challenging for patients with heart conditions.
Heart Problems and Coronavirus Risk
In case you have any type of cardiovascular disease, you should be more cautious about COVID-19, wearing a mask, practising social distancing and other taking measures to prevent yourself from getting contracted.
Some heart patients might have a higher risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection, and some might be more prone to complexities in case they get it. To add to it, the virus can cause vessel damage or heart muscle, resulting in critical problems.
Risk of Infection
The elderly may have weaker immune trigger systems that put them at higher risk of infection. These patients should take additional precautions and keep taking their medications unless otherwise instructed by their doctor. Younger patients with just high blood pressure may not be at significantly higher risk compared to others.
When to visit a doctor?
In case you have symptoms of a heart problem, there are two very good reasons to seek medical help now:
For some heart issues, every minute counts- Blocked blood flow to the heart or an abnormal heartbeat need medical care right away. A heart attack can occur in permanent damage to the heart muscle within 30 minutes of onset. Delaying help could mean you end up with a more serious issues that could result in a hospital stay or even death.
Hospitals are taking steps to prevent exposure to the coronavirus- Doctors and medical centres are ready to care for patients who have conditions other than COVID-19.
Tags: Heart Health ,Cardiology,Diseases ,virus,viral infection,virus infection,bacterial infections,Allergies and Infections,Coronavirus and the Heart, Heart Problems and Coronavirus Risk, Risk of Infection, type of cardiovascular diseaseCOVID-19
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What is a Coronary Artery Aneurysm?
Kawasaki Disease can cause heart damage in some children. The younger a child is when they first have Kawasaki Disease, the more likely they seem to be to develop serious heart damage. About a quarter of all children in the UK with Kawasaki Disease go on to have heart damage.
The heart damage Kawasaki Disease can cause includes coronary artery aneurysms. You might have heard this term. You might have been told you have one or more coronary artery aneurysms by your doctor.
But what are coronary artery aneurysms? An aneurysm is a swelling in an artery. We’ve put together a diagram below to explain more including some of the terms you might hear a doctor using when talking about the effects of Kawasaki Disease and it describes how Kawasaki Disease can affect your heart.
Do I have coronary artery aneurysms?
If your heart was seriously damaged by Kawasaki Disease and you have coronary artery aneurysms, you will almost certainly know this and you’ll probably be taking regular medicine (such as daily aspirin or other daily medicines to reduce the risk of blood clots called anticoagulants). Ask your parent or carer if you’re unsure but it’s probably unlikely that you have, if you don’t take regular medicines. |
Difference Between Using Ethernet And WiFi
Difference Between Using Ethernet And WiFi
No, doubt, the entire world is growing with the wireless technologies. There are number of technologies providing the convenience to stay connected to the Internet from anywhere.
Therefore, WiFi is the primary choice for everyone, who wants to connect online and want to be online. The development of so many IoT applications means that we will soon see a huge amount of smart internet equipment in our offices and homes.
This article highlights the major differences between WiFi and Ethernet connections. You will also find out which internet connection is suitable for your needs.
WiFi vs Ethernet
Suppose the question had been asked a few years ago, the answer would have been slightly different than it is now. Because using Ethernet cables, back then, worked quite faster than wireless connections.
Some wireless internet connections speed is a bit slow, but it offers the ease of being within the range. Today, WiFi users can easily find WiFi hotspots in so many places.
The WiFi technology was basically based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. In addition, the max theoretical net speed is 54Mbps.
With this connection, mobile phones can connect to the available internet, however the internet speed was quite slower than Ethernet’s speed – it could provide 100 Mbps-1,000 Mbps easily and beyond.
Ethernet connection provides constant speed. You will observe Ethernet’s fast and constant speed when you download some big files. The Ethernet internet connections are quite suitable for streaming the high quality or high definition videos.
WiFi signal interference is affected by lots of atmosphere factors. It may cause problems, and WiFi sometimes creates random performance. You will notice the signal from time to time; as you go to one place to another in your home.
Security is one more primary factor. Devices those are typically connected to the network, thus eliminating the possibility of hacking or data loss, can only access the data sent over an Ethernet connection.
These devices must use a firewall for the protection. Alternatively, WiFi is an open-network, therefore, its data is not that much secure. When transferring sensitive data, do not forget to use WiFi networks where data is stored in encrypted form. The more secured method of encryption is “WPA2-PSK,” where the WEP is the less secure.
The delay in transporting traffic from one device to its destination is implicit. Also known as “Ping” in the gaming world, delays are very significant when you are playing games. The reaction time should be fast, and it goes around the world of IoT data.
There are many modems in our home and offices. It interferes with the signals of WiFi, causing various problems. These issues are:
1. Abandoned signals
2. Excessive delay
3. Low speed
Therefore, Ethernet is very reliable and stable in terms of interference.
Small devices
Apparently, no one is connecting his or her smartphones to Ethernet. For small or remote devices, using WiFi is simply the primary option.
Which connection should you choose?
If you need a stable connection for daily use, an adequate built-in WiFi router can provide you with the appropriate internet connection.
However, if you are a gamer and cannot risk an unstable internet connection, you can choose Ethernet.
Final words
WiFi and Ethernet, both options have different pros and cons. In addition, most of the things depend on many factors such as interference, protocol standard, medium standard, and delay. WiFi is very popular these days, but the internet connection using Ethernet still gives some major benefits. Therefore, you have to choose your connection based on your requirements. |
Mathematician's Century-Old Secrets Unlocked
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But he sent mathematicians letters describing his work, and one of the most preeminent ones, English mathematician G. H. Hardy, recognized the Indian boy's genius and invited him to Cambridge University in England to study. While there, Ramanujan published more than 30 papers and was inducted into the Royal Society.
"For a brief window of time, five years, he lit the world of math on fire," Ono told LiveScience.
But the cold weather eventually weakened Ramanujan's health, and when he was dying, he went home to India.
Ramanujan believed that 17 new functions he discovered were "mock modular forms" that looked like theta functions when written out as an infinte sum (their coefficients get large in the same way), but weren't super-symmetric. Ramanujan, a devout Hindu, thought these patterns were revealed to him by the goddess Namagiri.
Ramanujan died before he could prove his hunch. But more than 90 years later, Ono and his team proved that these functions indeed mimicked modular forms, but don't share their defining characteristics, such as super-symmetry.
The expansion of mock modular forms helps physicists compute the entropy, or level of disorder, of black holes.
In developing mock modular forms, Ramanujan was decades ahead of his time, Ono said; mathematicians only figured out which branch of math these equations belonged to in 2002.
"Ramanujan's legacy, it turns out, is much more important than anything anyone would have guessed when Ramanujan died," Ono said.
The findings were presented last month at the Ramanujan 125 conference at the University of Florida, ahead of the 125th anniversary of the mathematician's birth on Dec. 22.
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Tag: project winter
How to make a map of the world’s cities in a year
The Mercator Projection Map is a new interactive map that lets you visualize how the world has evolved over the last year using the Mercator projection system.
The map shows the world in a flat map with lines connecting each city in different geographical areas.
As the year progresses, cities and countries on the map move further apart as their population increases and more people migrate from one country to another.
The Mercators projection system gives you the ability to zoom in on a specific city to see how its development has changed over the past year.
Mercator projections are created using a special algorithm that determines the location of the center of the map.
If a city is in the center, it is projected onto the map in its entirety, with the exception of the cities at the ends of the lines.
This allows you to see the movement of people around a particular city and the change in its population over the course of the year.
The project uses a different projection system for each map projection that provides a more realistic representation of how a city has evolved since the beginning of the project.
This is the first time that a new projection system has been used to create a map that uses the Mercators system.
Project Winter is a collaborative effort by the team at MercatorProject.net, the Mercato Project, and the UK Government.
Project 21, the world map project, is a joint effort by Google Earth and Microsoft Project.
The UK Government is using the Google Earth Projection Maps to project the UK and US into the future using the data collected in the project to create new maps.
The new map also includes the United States, the Netherlands, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan, and includes all of the data from the global and local data collected by the Mercatus Centre, the European Space Agency, and other organizations.
Project Autumn is the project’s second major mapping project.
The first phase of the Autumn project focused on developing an accurate map of polar regions, and Project Autumn 2 will focus on updating existing maps to provide an updated global view of polar changes.
The Autumn project will also include a global map of weather, which will provide information for the government and the public about the weather and climate around the world.
Project Summer will create a global weather map, and is the final project for the project as of now.
The Winter project will provide data from many different sources, including Google Earth, Microsoft Project, NASA Earth Observatory, and many others.
A new version of the Mercated Projection Projection System will be created for the MercatiProject.org project, which has been in development for a number of years and is expected to be released by the end of 2017.
How to use the Noun Project free tv
The answer may surprise you.
Here’s how to understand what project is and what it’s not.
Project Meaning and Definition Project has a number of meanings.
The shows are usually available on cable or satellite television.
The story is told through a short film.
The episode also includes the voice of actor John Leguizamo.
It also describes the characters and the theme of the show.
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10 Nutrition Habits That Should Be Common Sense (but aren’t!) – Nutrition Kitchen SG
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10 Nutrition habits that should be common sense (but aren’t!)
If you consider traditional diets from around the world, you’ll notice they were developed to keep us healthy. Eating wasn’t complicated and didn’t lead to obesity or eating disorders. Today, food marketing leads us to make bad food choices, along with obscure government nutritional guidelines that inform us about how we’re supposed to eat, as well as the fact that it’s common to have processed food as a part of our everyday diet. Our environment also shapes the way we eat, and often we turn towards quicker, easier options that aren’t necessarily the best.
Here are 10 habits that should be identified as common sense to maintain good nutrition.
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1. Recognize how food makes you feel
If a food makes you feel anything less than good, it’s probably because there is something about it that’s difficult for your body to digest; like not having the correct enzymes to process grains or dairy. Perhaps your liver isn’t functioning optimally and you’re unable to metabolize fat efficiently. Maybe you have insulin resistance and you aren’t able to tolerate carbs very well. If food makes you feel sick, tired or bad in any way: avoid it.
2. Every meal should contain proteins, fibrous vegetables, and fat
People think of foods in categories as such; breakfast, lunch and dinner. In between, they will try to fill in the gaps with “fat loss” types of foods, instead of healthy snacks. Just because you’re eating lunch, doesn’t mean it needs to be different from what you eat for dinner. Another myth is believing that a high carb option like cereal or a bagel for breakfast is a good idea.
Following this cultural norm is the reason we have an obesity problem and high chronic disease rates. Instead, plan every meal around proteins, fibrous vegetables and fat. Fat provides bioavailable vitamins and improves satiety. Veggies provide fiber and phytonutrients, while protein contains amino acids which are the building blocks for tissue and bone repair. Eating this way will also help you avoid hunger by improving gut hormone levels involved in keeping blood sugar levels steady.
A balanced diet is one that provides all the macronutrients and the greatest nourishment for the least amount of calories while minimizing hunger.
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3. Taking care of your gut is a top priority
Your GI tract is the control centre of the entire body. The bacteria in our gastrointestinal tracts affect brain function, thinking patterns, and how many calories our bodies absorb. Functioning correctly, your gut can keep you looking lean, stay healthy and help you avoid getting sick. In fact, one of the leading areas in helping fight obesity and curing chronic disease is by improving bacteria of the gut.
4. Avoid Processed foods
Unfortunately, no matter how many nourishing or healthful marketing slogans are used, processed foods contain chemical preservatives, artificial sweeteners, food dyes, man-made fats and sweeteners that the human body is not designed to metabolize in large quantities.
5. Don’t trust the media headlines, they’re just entertainment.
The media create a lot of the nonsensical habits we have with food. Media outlets are businesses and their goals are to sell ads and increase readership, not to analyze respected scientific journals for relevant food and health information that will actually keep you healthy.
Headlines do a great job at catching our attention and often find some bizarre half-truths that could apply to us and use evidence that has been taken out of context. Instead of keeping things extraordinarily simple, by following some of the basic strategies being outlined in this article, the media will find ways to confuse your thinking and try to pass it off as science.
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6. Monitor your eating when stressed or sleep deprived
Lack of sleep has a profoundly negative effect on eating behaviour, leading us to eat high-fat, high sugar foods. Lack of sleep also leads us to eat significantly above our average norms and reduces our overall average caloric expenditure by moving less. Those who sleep less are shown to have a higher risk of obesity. It can also cause poor blood sugar and reduced insulin sensitivity, leading your body to favour fat storage.
To counter this, you need to make ideal food choices and try to stay active. When you’re sleep deprived, make the extra effort to get a lot of protein, water, and fibrous vegetables. Track your food intake, and put in the extra effort to make sure you are hitting your training sessions.
7. Eat animal products that provide key nutrients that can’t be obtained from plants
The mainstream view of nutrition is that meat and other animal products are unhealthy and should be avoided. This, however, isn’t supported by some of the largest and most rigorous studies. Overall, processed foods are going to be the biggest contributors to heart disease, diabetes, and cancers. It’s most likely that the overall composition of your diet plays the biggest role in dictating health outcomes.
For example, in Asian countries, where the diet is vastly different from the typical western diet, meat consumption, including red meat, has been found to be associated with a lower risk of mortality, and a lower risk of heart disease and cancer.
8. Have a set meal frequency
Recent studies show that time restricted eating in which you only eat within a 10 - 12 eating window is better for body composition and health than eating all hours of the day and night, which many people often do. This also improves our circadian rhythms and enhances our sensitivity to the satiety hormone, leptin.
Frequent meals every 4 hours during the eating window appear to yield the greatest satiety and the least hunger for the majority of people.
9. Have an eating ritual: chewing, thanking, being aware of what you’re eating...
Mindful eating may seem like a cliche, but the truth and reality is that it pays off. Studies have shown that people who take the time to be actively aware of the process of enjoying their food, have more satisfaction from their meals and eat less.
Along with the body taking a significant time to tell you that you’ve had enough to eat after swallowing your food, mindfulness practices have shown to improve the release of gut hormones that reduce hunger. Another practice that has shown to have a similar effect is to chew each bite thoroughly instead of swallowing your food in huge chunks. Proper chewing also has the added benefit of improving digestion and assimilation of nutrients.
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10. Continuing to count calories when it hasn’t worked before
Calorie counting has a fundamental place in a nutrition program, but surprisingly shouldn’t be the primary focus. What’s more important, is understanding the laws of thermodynamics; that energy can’t be destroyed, and can only change the form, which ultimately means that if we take in more calories than we expand, we will gain weight.
Different foods affect metabolic rates and hormone levels differently. Therefore, use the effects of these foods to your advantage. For example, when you cut calories, the stress hormone cortisol is elevated in order to free energy stores and the hormone ghrelin is elevated in order to stimulate appetite and food intake.
If you plan meals around proteins, fibrous vegetables, and healthy fats, you’ll avoid having your cortisol rocket sky high and you’ll keep ghrelin low so that hunger is avoided. This will also keep insulin low so that calories are stored as glycogen instead of fat.
With that, you can decide not to conform to the mainstream unhealthy ways of eating. Your diet can be influenced by lesser yet much more sensible habits in order for you to be the strongest and healthiest version of yourself.
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How to improve the accessibility of disability language to the deaf community
By now, you’ve probably heard that a new government-backed national disability language service has been launched to help make the world more accessible for people with disabilities.
And that is good news.
However, the new language service is not yet fully-funded, and that has not stopped people from expressing their opinions about its merits or lack thereof.
There are two main points to keep in mind when talking about this new language.
First, the language service was developed and funded by the National Disability Language Service, which is a private non-profit.
The language service will be paid for with donations from individuals and businesses.
Second, this new service will help many of the deaf people with whom it will connect.
“There are many ways to contribute to the disability language network,” says Joanna O’Leary, communications manager at the National Disabled Language Service.
“There is the National Fund to support language learning and language support in schools and organisations, which includes a number of language support agencies.
And there are also individuals and organisations who want to support disability language for people in need of language.”
Many of these organisations have expressed an interest in supporting disability language as a language and language skills programme for the deaf.
“A lot of these people want to be a part of the disability community, and a lot of them want to help other deaf people too.
And they all want to make it easier for other deaf communities to be heard, and for people to benefit from the language they use.”
The service is fully funded and we have a great staff of volunteers, and we want to see as many people as possible participate in it,” says O’Connor. “
We’re hoping that this will open up the conversation and give people a more accessible way to communicate, and to make sure that their communication is accessible to people with other disabilities.”
For O’Regan, this is a good sign.
“If you’re not able to speak a language other than English, you can still have a positive impact on the lives of people who need language, and it’s a wonderful thing to see,” she says.
However, this program has not yet been fully funded, and there are many concerns about its effectiveness.
“The language is not entirely up and running yet, and while the service is being fully funded we’re not sure how long it will take for us to be able to support the community and meet their needs,” Ollie says.
For now, the service will remain limited to those with the ability to read and write English, and will also only be available for those with special needs, such as speech, hearing or vision disabilities.
This means the service does not address all the challenges people with different disabilities have with using a language, including those who do not understand the language, or people with limited hearing.
The service aims to be available to people in all regions of Australia by the end of the year.
The National Disability Languages Service is available on the Australian Government website, and the service aims “to empower and support deaf people through the use of their languages”.
“I want to use language as an opportunity to highlight the importance of language for the hearing- and speech-impaired,” Oollie says, adding that the service also aims to create a positive learning environment for the whole community.
“If we can get people to understand what the language means, they can use it more effectively, and if they do use it, they’re more likely to have success.” |
CBD and The Endocannabinoid System
What is the Endocannabinoid System?
No doubt you’ve come across the term before – the Endocannabinoid System– but what is it and what does it have to do with CBD?
The Endocannabinoid System, or ECS, is a complex system that involves the regulation of many processes within the human body. The word “endocannabinoid” comes from “endo” meaning originating inside the body and “cannabinoid” which are the group of compounds that activate this system.
Whether you use CBD or not, the ECS exists and is active in your body – it is a completely natural and normal part of the human body, just like the nervous system, digestive system, and skeletal system.
How does it work?
The Endocannabinoid system is composed of two parts, endocannabinoids and their receptors which are found throughout your body: in the brain, organs, connective tissues, glands, and immune cells.
In each tissue, the cannabinoid system performs different tasks, but the goal is always the same: homeostasis, or to maintain a balanced environment in the body in response to changes in the world around you. In order to maintain homeostasis, the body relies on the endocannabinoid system to regulate body processes and keep it in balance.
Endocannabinoids bind to their receptors in order to signal that the ECS needs to take action. This could be a CB1 receptor (mostly found in the nervous system) or a CB2 receptor (mostly found in the immune and gastrointestinal system).
For example, endocannabinoids might target CB1 receptors in a spinal nerve to relieve pain. Others might bind to a CB2 receptor in your immune cells to signal that your body is experiencing inflammation and to take action.
How does CBD work with the Endocannabinoid System?
The ECS is built to be self-sufficient and therefore it naturally produces its own cannabinoids. However, science is beginning to discover that the endocannabinoid system needs to be supplemented with additional cannabinoids in order to maintain optimal body functions and homeostasis.
When you consume cannabinoids, terpenes, or phytocannabinoids (found in plants), they add additional cannabinoids to the body that can bind with the CB1 or CB2 receptors within the ECS system.
CBD – or cannabidiol – is a type of naturally occurring cannabinoid found in the hemp plant that can stimulate the cannabinoid receptors and help regulate these important processes within the body, like sleep, pain, inflammation, anxiety, and mood. This can help maintain balance and enhance overall wellness.
Your body is Original
To help focus on the benefit you are looking for when using CBD, it’s important to remember that every body is different. You might want to feel more relaxed in order to get a good night’s sleep, while someone else is seeking to relieve inflammation. Or maybe you are looking for a multifaceted approach towards a healthy lifestyle.
Finding the right CBD dosage for your body is equally important, as every person has a unique biology that results in a different reaction. Taking a daily dose can help sustain a level of CBD in your body, which might stimulate your endocannabinoid system to make it react more to cannabinoids like CBD.
It is with this mindset that Original Hemp has developed targeted CBD products, by pairing clinically studied ingredients such as vitamins, extracts and terpenes with the highest quality CBD – setting them apart from the many CBD brands out there.
The result are unique doctor-formulated capsules, tinctures and gummies that are carefully crafted to address your specific needs – whether that’s falling asleep peacefully, waking up energized, or getting through the day with less stress, anxiety or pain. Essentially making it possible for you to tailor your CBD journey to your individual goals.
The Endocannabinoid System is a naturally present, active part of your body dedicated to maintaining balance every day, all day and night. CBD can help give it a boost and provide benefits where your body may need some help, especially when taken regularly to help build it up in your system.
Give your Endocannabinoid System a boost and set off on your Original journey today. The best time to start is today! |
Saturday, November 19, 2016
Artist's impression of C. nasicornis
Ceratosaurus was a large predatory theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Period (Kimmeridgian to Tithonian), found in the Morrison Formation of North America, and the Lourinhã Formation of Portugal (and possibly the Tendaguru Formation in Tanzania). It was characterized by large jaws with blade-like teeth, a large, blade-like horn on the snout and a pair of hornlets over the eyes. The forelimbs were powerfully built but very short. The bones of the sacrum were fused (synsacrum) and the pelvic bones were fused together and to this structure (i.e. similar to modern birds). A row of small osteoderms was present down the middle of the back.
Ceratosaurus, at first glance, looked like a fairly typical theropod, however its skull was quite large in proportion to the rest of its body, and large nasal and brow horns and possessed a prominent nose horn formed from protuberances of the nasal bones. In addition to the large nasal horn, Ceratosaurus possessed smaller hornlike ridges in front of each eye, similar to those of Allosaurus, these ridges were formed by enlargement of the lacrimal bones. Uniquely among theropods, Ceratosaurus possessed dermal armor, in the form of small osteoderms running down the middle of its back. Its tail comprised about half of the body’s total length and was thin and flexible with high vertebral spines.
The type specimen was an individual about 18 feet (5.5 m) long; it is not clear whether this animal was fully grown. David B. Norman (1985) estimated that the maximum length of Ceratosaurus was 20 ft (6.1 m), an assessment supported by a particularly large Ceratosaurus specimen from the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry (UMNH 5728), discovered in the mid-1960s, which may have been 22 ft (6.7 m) long assuming similar proportions to the holotype.
Ceratosaurus is known from the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry in central Utah and the Dry Mesa Quarry in Colorado. The type species, described by O. C. Marsh in 1884 and redescribed by Gilmore in 1920, is Ceratosaurus nasicornis. The first skeleton was excavated by rancher Marshall Parker Felch in 1883.
Size of two specimens compared to a human, with the holotype of Ceratosaurus nasicornis (USNM 4735) in orange and a larger specimen (UMNH VP 5278) in blue
Ceratosaurus gives its name to the Ceratosauria, a clade of theropod dinosaurs that diverged early from the evolutionary lineage leading to modern birds. Within the Ceratosauria, some paleontologists proposed it to be most closely related to Genyodectes from Argentina, which shares the strongly elongated teeth. The geologically older genus Proceratosaurus from England, although originally described as a presumed antecedent of Ceratosaurus, was later found to be unrelated. Ceratosaurus shared its habitat with other large theropod genera including Torvosaurus and Allosaurus, and it has been suggested that these theropods occupied different ecological niches to reduce competition. Ceratosaurus may have preyed upon plant-eating dinosaurs, although some paleontologists suggested that it hunted aquatic prey such as fish. The nasal horn was probably not used as a weapon as was originally suggested by Marsh, but more likely was used solely for display.
Ceratosaurus followed the body plan typical for large theropod dinosaurs. A biped, it moved on powerful hind legs, while its arms were reduced in size. Specimen USNM 4735, the first discovered skeleton and holotype of Ceratosaurus nasicornis, was an individual 5.3 m (17 ft) or 5.69 m (18.7 ft) in length according to separate sources. Whether this animal was fully grown is not clear. Othniel Charles Marsh, in 1884, suggested that this specimen weighed about half as much as the contemporary Allosaurus. In more recent accounts, this was revised to 418 kilograms (922 lb), 524 kg (1,155 lb), or 670 kg (1,480 lb). Three additional skeletons discovered in the latter half of the 20th century were substantially larger. The first of these, UMNH VP 5278, was informally estimated by James Madsen to have been around 8.8 m (29 ft) long, but was later estimated at 7 m (23 ft) in length. Its weight was calculated at 980 kg (2,160 lb), 452 kg (996 lb), and 700 kg (1,540 lb) in separate works. The second skeleton, MWC 1, was somewhat smaller than UMNH VP 5278 and might have been 275 kg (606 lb) in weight. The third, yet undescribed, specimen BYUVP 12893 was claimed to be the largest yet discovered, although estimates have not been published. Another specimen (ML 352), discovered in Portugal in 2000, was estimated at 6 m (20 ft) in length and 600 kg (1,320 lb) in weight.
In his original description of the Ceratosaurus nasicornis holotype and subsequent publications, Marsh noted a number of characteristics that were unknown in all other theropods known at the time. Two of these features, the fused pelvis and fused metatarsus, were known from modern-day birds, and according to Marsh, clearly demonstrate the close relationship between the latter and dinosaurs. To set the genus apart from Allosaurus, Megalosaurus, and coelurosaurs, Marsh made Ceratosaurus the only member of both a new family, the Ceratosauridae, and a new infraorder, the Ceratosauria. This was questioned in 1892 by Edward Drinker Cope, Marsh's rival in the Bone Wars, who argued that distinctive features such as the nasal horn merely showed that C. nasicornis was a distinct species, but were insufficient to justify a distinct genus. Consequently, he assigned C. nasicornis to the genus Megalosaurus, creating the new combination Megalosaurus nasicornis.
Although Ceratosaurus was retained as a distinct genus in all subsequent analyses, its relationships remained controversial during the following century. Both the Ceratosauridae and Ceratosauria were not widely accepted, with only few and poorly known additional members identified. Over the years, separate authors classified Ceratosaurus within the Deinodontidae, the Megalosauridae, the Coelurosauria, the Carnosauria, and the Deinodontoidea. In his 1920 revision, Gilmore argued that the genus was the most basal theropod known from after the Triassic, so not closely related to any other contemporary theropod known at that time; it thus warrants its own family, the Ceratosauridae. It was not until the establishment of cladistic analysis in the 1980s, however, that Marsh's original claim of the Ceratosauria as a distinct group gained ground. In 1985, the newly discovered South American genera Abelisaurus and Carnotaurus were found to be closely related to Ceratosaurus. Gauthier, in 1986, recognized the Coelophysoidea to be closely related to Ceratosaurus, although this clade falls outside of Ceratosauria in most recent analyses. Many additional members of the Ceratosauria have been recognized since.
Restoration of a feeding C. nasicornis
The Ceratosauria split off early from the evolutionary line leading to modern birds, thus is considered basal within theropods. Ceratosauria itself contains a group of derived (nonbasal) members of the families Noasauridae and Abelisauridae, which are bracketed within the clade Abelisauroidea, as well as a number of basal members, such as Elaphrosaurus, Deltadromeus, and Ceratosaurus. The position of Ceratosaurus within basal ceratosaurians is under debate. Some analyses considered Ceratosaurus as the most derived of the basal members, forming the sister taxon of the Abelisauroidea. Oliver Rauhut, in 2004, proposed Genyodectes as the sister taxon of Ceratosaurus, as both genera are characterized by exceptionally long teeth in the upper jaw. Rauhut grouped Ceratosaurus and Genyodectes within the family Ceratosauridae, which was followed by several later accounts.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org |
Authenticity on the silver screen
The making of three Gustavian silent films
• Hedvig Mårdh Uppsala University
The three silent films 'Gustaf III och Bellman' (1908), 'En afton hos Gustaf III på Stockholms slott' and 'Två konungar' (1925) are illuminating examples of how the Gustavian period was reinvented, negotiated and visualized at the beginning of the twentieth century. In the article, object-based and visual analysis of the films, together with reception studies, are used to explore the production of period film and the strategies film directors developed in order to mediate a feeling of authenticity on screen. These strategies, based on a performative approach to authenticity, shared a number of similarities with professional art-historical practice at the turn of the twentieth century. The three case studies reveal not only how the Gustavian period was staged, but also the overlapping professional structures where filmmakers relied on specialists in the organization of material things, for example museum curators and art historians. Through their authority as experts they were able to help authenticate film productions and facilitate access for the film crew to historic sites. Likewise, the production of period films helped shape public history and influenced the management of heritage sites and museums, initiating reconstruction projects, for example. |
Vadodara Knowledge Guide
The city used to be called Chandanavati after its ruler Raja Chandan of the Dor tribe of Rajputs. The capital was also known as Virakshetra or Viravati (Land of Warriors). Later on, it was known as Vadpatraka or Vadodará, which according to tradition is a corrupt form of the Sanskrit word vatodar meaning in the belly of the Banyan tree. It is now almost impossible to ascertain when the various changes in the name were made; but early English travellers and merchants mention the town as Brodera, and it is from this that the name Baroda is derived. In 1974, the official name of the city was changed to Vadodara. In 1907, a small village and township in Michigan, United States, were named after Baroda.
Old Ankotakka
Recent history
Baroda State was a former Indian State. Vadodara's more recent history began when the Maratha general Pilaji Gaekwad conquered Songadh from the Mughals in 1726. Before the Gaekwads captured Baroda, it was ruled by the Babi Nawabs, who were the officers of the Mughal rulers. Most notably, from 1705–1716, Sardar Senapati Khanderao Dabhade led the Maratha Empire forces in Baroda. Except for a short period, Baroda continued to be in the reign of the Gaekwads from 1734 to 1948. Initially detailed to collect revenue on behalf of the Peshwa in Gujarat, Pilaji Gaekwad remained there to carve out a kingdom for himself. Damajirao, who was son and successor of Pilaji Gaekwad, defeated the Mughal armies and conquered Baroda in 1734. His successors consolidated their power over large tracts of Gujarat, becoming easily the most powerful rulers in the region. After the Maratha defeat in the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761, control of the empire by the Peshwas weakened as it became a loose confederacy, and the Gaekwad Maharajas ruled the kingdom until it acceded to Independent Republic of India in 1949. In 1802, the British intervened to defend a Maharaja that had recently inherited the throne from rival claimants, and Vadodara concluded a subsidiary alliance with the British that recognised the Kingdom as a Princely state and allowed the Maharajas of Baroda internal political sovereignty in return for recognising British 'Paramountcy', a form of suzerainty in which the control of the state's foreign affairs was completely surrendered.The golden period in the Maratha rule of Vadodara started with the accession of Maharaja Sayajirao III in 1875. Near Maharaja Sayaji Gaekwad University there is a well known garden which was built by Maharaja Sayaji Rao Gaekwad himself in 1879 A.D. This garden is known as Sayaji Baug known for visitors centre.This place is situated on river Vishwamitri.
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Are we Entering the Age of Teacherbots?
Could this be true? Will we start seeing teacherbots who are applying artificial intelligence to do the jobs of teachers one day? Would they do a better job than humans? It might be a good idea to pay attention to some of the thoughts circulating about education’s future.
Occupations are Being Upgraded
The world of employment work is rapidly changing because of new and emerging technologies. And there are lots of examples to prove this point. A lawyer in Chatbot saved some 160,000 parking fines in New York and London. A hotel in China that has 30 stories was constructed in only 360 hours because of all the advances in technological prefabrication. Nike can construct and fine-tune prototypes for shoes in just hours because of 3D printing. McDonald’s uses cognitive technology to collect drive-through orders and convert them to text that is directly fed directly into a point-of-sale process.
Is Your Teaching Job in Trouble?
However, these efficiencies bring up the natural question as to what will eventually happen to the jobs of working people? What about those folks who are taking orders and making shoes?
teacherbotsThe Futurist Thomas Frey claims that the teaching profession is most likely under those threats. Frey is predicting that about two billion jobs are going to disappear by the year 2030. And among those vanishing occupations are those of teachers, and also people who worked in the transportation and power industries.
Frey claims there are almost 25% of all kids today who are not even attending school at all and he believes we are short about 18 million teachers worldwide.
“There simply aren’t enough teachers at the right time and place to satisfy our growing thirst for knowledge.
“Over the coming decades, if we continue to insert a teacher between us and everything we need to learn, we cannot possibly learn fast enough to meet the demands of the future.”
Frey points out that we are already moving away from a teacher-centric brand of schooling to a model that is more learning-based, where ‘location’ is not as important.
He affirms that teaching needs experts in the field. And the new teacherless education model will use these experts to develop and create the materials, but will not require that expert to be present every time it is presented.
Frey feels like we are standing on the edge of a new artificial intelligence (AI) revolution.
He envisions a world where we will see teacherbots who are using AI that will be able to learn and understand every single student’s interests, their preferred tools, and their unique methods of learning. This AI will alert the bot whenever a skill has become deficient, and what exactly is required to address the deficiency and when it has been addressed.
Brad McBean has argued on Aurecon’s Just Imagine blog that there may be jobs at risk of becoming automated, humans will still be that critical ingredient in all future workplaces. The function of human innovation and ingenuity will always be in demand.
“McKinsey’s latest report on automation displacement reminds us that, although almost every occupation has partial automation potential, humans will remain an essential ingredient in the future workplace equation. Even those jobs that can be easily automated, such as nursing or teaching, rely heavily on interactions between people and expertise that stretches beyond the knowledge of facts.”
Even though teaching was on Frey’s list of disappearing future jobs, coaching was on his list of occupations that would be in demand for the future. This seems to indicate a shifting role, instead of a replacement. |
Can remove ep forte pregnancy
During menopause, the ovaries provide the woman Estrogen production a. This time means a great physical and mental change for every woman. Symptoms of menopause include among others Hot flashes, insomnia, vaginal dryness, and depression. Hormone therapies can alleviate these symptoms. The following text explains which therapy options are available and what should be considered during and after the menopause.
What happens during menopause?
Menopause is the time when a woman's ovaries begin to produce less estrogen and eventually stop producing completely. This will also no fertile eggs more manufactured. This leads to the occurrence of the Menstrual perioduntil this is complete fails to appear. The last menstrual period that occurred is called menopause designated. Pass away after this last menstruation twelve months without further bleeding, the process is considered complete and the beginning period is referred to as postmenopausal. Women can from this point onwards no longer pregnant become.
The estrogen deficiency can have a major impact on a woman's well-being or it can lead to little or no symptoms. Some women feel more comfortable with hormonal treatment. For women who have had their uterus but not their ovaries removed (hysterectomy), it can be difficult to tell when the menopause is over. In most cases, however, the remaining symptoms can be used as a guide.
When does menopause occur?
A woman has her last menstrual period on average at age 51. Most of the time, however, already begin up to five years in advance the symptoms of menopause. The bleeding may also become lighter, more irregular and less frequent in the time before the final no menstruation. From the age of 45 a woman can expect the onset of menopause. Stay already before the age of 45 menstrual bleeding should stop, however doctor be visited to measure the hormone levels and, if necessary, to find out the causes of this early menopause.
What are the symptoms of menopause?
One of the most common symptoms during menopause is that Hot flashes. Women describe it as the onset of warmth in the chest, which then spreads over the whole body and lasts about two to four minutes. These hot flashes vary in frequency, from daily to hourly. Especially at night, hot flashes are more common and can cause too Night sweats to lead. Both the heat and the subsequent cold from sweat can cause the Disturb night sleep and to Daytime sleepiness and Exhaustion to lead. Even regardless of temperature fluctuations, sleep disorders can occur during menopause - this can be both A- as well as that Sleep through the night affect.
Since estrogen is normally responsible for moisturizing the vaginal lining, it can increase during menopause Dryness of the vagina and urethra come. This can Itching, burning, and pain, especially during sexual intercourse.
Also the Mood can be influenced by hormonal changes. depressions or Mood swings are not uncommon, especially among women who have previously suffered from a depressive episode in their life. However, depression can be treated well.
How can menopause symptoms be treated?
Menopause symptoms do not need to be treated automatically, and women are not forced to take medication during this time. However, they suffer greatly from the symptoms like hot flashes that offers Hormone replacement therapy With Estrogens and one progesterone-like substance is a great way to relieve discomfort. The treatment can be compared to taking birth control pills. Since estrogen alone can lead to overgrowth of the uterine lining, a progesterone preparation should always be added to estrogen therapy in women who have not had their uterus removed. Women without a uterus can use pure estrogen supplements. There are many different dosage forms, among other things as a tablet, plaster or vaginal ring. Hormone therapy can slightly increase the risk of a heart attack, stroke or breast cancer and should be discussed with the gynecologist on a case-by-case basis. Women tend to suffer only from Vaginal dryness, can a estrogen-containing cream help.
Often so-called natural preparations advertised, which are mostly herbal in nature and also contain hormones. However, since these substances do not come under the normal drug law, they are less strictly controlled and it is unclear what amounts of hormones they contain. The amount can be very different between two packs and accordingly develop different effects. From a scientific point of view, this is why these preparations advised against.
If depression occurs during menopause, it can be associated with a number of different things Antidepressants be treated. If sleep disorders are present at the same time, these can also be treated by choosing the right antidepressant.
How should contraception be used during menopause?
A woman's fertility naturally decreases with age. However, until the bleeding has stopped for twelve months, the possibility of becoming pregnant should still be assumed. Because of this, they should be started Contraceptive measures until the definitive end of menopause continued become. However, it can be difficult to tell when menopause is occurring while taking the pill. Maybe you should therefore rely on a non-hormonal contraception how to change condoms. A similar problem arises with the intrauterine device, also known as an IUD. It, too, can lead to a natural absence of menstruation and thus mask the menopause. In most cases, it is advisable to keep the IUD for its entire shelf life (five to ten years) and then remove it when the average age of 51 years has been exceeded.
After menopause must be no contraception be used more. However, there is still a risk of dealing with sexually transmitted infections to infect. Especially if the vaginal dryness persists, the mucous membrane is more susceptible to cracks and thus the entry of pathogens. For this reason, reliable contraception (e.g. with Condoms) should be chosen when new sexual contacts are made.
How do women feel during menopause?
Every woman deals with menopause differently, but for many women it is one great physical and mental change. While some women suffer from the fact that they are no longer fertile and therefore feel that they are “less feminine”, other women welcome the dwindling risk of becoming pregnant. Entry into a new stage of life can be done with Adjustment difficulties and a reassessment of the life lived so far and in particular with the lack of estrogen to be linked to depression and Mood swings to lead. The relative now increased testosterone levels however, it can also lead to an energy boost and, for example, increased sexual desire.
Can bleeding still occur after the menopause?
Bleeding may occur after intercourse if the vaginal skin, which is drier due to the lack of estrogen, is injured. After menopause, however, you should no vaginal bleeding occur more. Even if there is even a small amount of bleeding, one should Gynecologist be visited, because then the Uterine lining on Growths needs to be investigated.
What should be considered after menopause?
Postmenopausal women have a higher chance of getting on because of the lowered estrogen level osteoporosis to get sick. This decreased bone density can be too Broken bones lead to even harmless falls. For this reason, postmenopausal women in particular should take adequate care Calcium and vitamin D intake pay attention and have yourself checked regularly.
In addition to the risk of osteoporosis, the risk for after menopause also increases Cardiovascular diseases how Strokes and heart attacks. In order to keep this risk as low as possible, a balanced diet and sufficient exercise Be respected to the Blood lipids keep in good balance. Risk factors like Smoke and Obesity should be avoided. high blood pressure and a possibly existing diabetes mellitus should be adjusted as best as possible.
A problem that does not necessarily have to be related to menopause, but often occurs at the same time, is that Urinary incontinence. In most cases this is due to a flaccid pelvic floor muscle culture, but it can have various causes. Because incontinence in most cases is great well treatable women should not be afraid to address this problem to their general practitioner or gynecologist.
Women should continue to have sex even after the menopause regularly at the gynecologist imagine and the Medical checkupssuch as the PAP smear or mammography.
See also:
OsteoporosisDepressionEndometriosisVitamin D Deficiency
German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics: Guideline for hormone therapy in the peri- and postmenopause. 2009. Online at, accessed on April 2nd, 2016
D. von Fournier: Gynecology and Obstetrics - Textbook for study and practice. Schattauer Verlag, Stuttgart, 2007. S. 81ff. Online at, accessed on April 2, 2016
North American Menopause Society. "Estrogen and progestogen use in postmenopausal women: 2010 position statement of The North American Menopause Society." Menopause (New York, NY) 2/17 (2010): 242.
P. Kaufert, et al. "Women and Menopause: Beliefs, Attitudes, and Behaviors. The North American Menopause Society 1997 Menopause Survey." Menopause 5.4 (1998): 197-202. Menopause Guidelines Revision Task Force, A. A. C. E. "American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and treatment of menopause." Endocrine practice 12.3 (2006): 315-337.
Important NOTE: This article contains only general information and descriptions about menopause. It is not suitable for self-diagnosis or self-treatment and under no circumstances can it replace a doctor's visit.
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How did the Shang dynasty begin
Shang dynasty: human sacrifices in reserve
The sacrifice of people was probably a central part of the political self-expression in China during the Bronze Age. Especially at the end of the Shang dynasty in the 12th and 11th centuries BC, the upper class consolidated their power: According to estimates, over 13,000 people were murdered in the 200 years. Their graves can now be found in the royal cemeteries that have been excavated since the 1930s.
Did these people come from the ranks of the locals or were they strangers? Were they - as gifts to the gods - treated with preferential treatment? Or did they eke out an existence as slaves until their end? Scientists have now pursued these questions with the help of isotope analyzes.
This article is featured in Spectrum - The Week, 25/2017
Christina Cheung's team from the Canadian Simon Fraser University determined the ratio of different isotopes in samples from thighs and rib bones. The composition of the elements reveals where a person comes from and how they ate - in their youth (according to the thigh sample) and in the last few years before death (according to the rib sample). The scientists published their results in the "Journal of Anthropological Archeology".
In fact, the isotope ratio in the long thigh bones is noticeably different from that of the native ones. Apparently the later victims came from more distant regions. The relationship in the ribs, on the other hand, is similar to that of the residents of Yinxu. According to this, those killed had lived in Yinxu for a long time. In the course of their lives, their diet also resembled the local one - with one difference: While even the poorest in Yinxu still consumed a certain amount of animal protein, the 68 human victims examined seem to have lived almost exclusively on millet.
In the opinion of Cheung and colleagues, all of this indicates that the victims were prisoners of war who were interned in Yinxu for years - for occasions when there was a need for human sacrifice. This interpretation is also based on the contemporary descriptions, which were recorded with the earliest Chinese characters on oracle bones. Nobles and vassals asked the king for permission for human sacrifices, which he granted when an oracle promised favorable terms. Sometimes 30 people were sacrificed for one deity, sometimes ten for another. If the king died, several hundred people were even killed. In addition to these decapitated, mutilated and buried victims, the ruler was followed by confidants or family members to the grave, who were buried much more elaborately.
It is unclear whether the human victims were also forced to work. Probably yes, say Cheung and colleagues, because it is uneconomical to keep large numbers of young men in captivity and to feed them without letting them do work. Possibly preferential treatment towards slaves also enhanced the status of the victim and of the person who made it available. |
A Practitioner’s Guide to Organizational Effectiveness
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Organizational effectiveness measures how successful organizations are in reaching their goals. An effective organization runs smoothly and functions well. In this article, we will explain the building blocks needed to create an effective organization. Whether you are a leader or working in a more operational role, read on to learn how to make your organization function (even) better.
We will start by explaining what organizational effectiveness is, go over seven organizational effectiveness models, explain how organizational effectiveness can be measured, and conclude by specifying how HR can contribute to organizational effectiveness.
What is organizational effectiveness? A definition
Organizational effectiveness models
How to measure organizational effectiveness?
How HR can contribute to organizational effectiveness
What is Organizational Effectiveness? A Definition
According to Merriam-Webster, effectiveness is ‘the power to produce a desired result’. J.F. Kennedy was an effective president, Jack Welch an effective CEO, and Greta Thunberg is an effective climate activist.
In an organizational context, however, effectiveness is harder to define. Apple is considered a successful organization on many measures – but is it also effective? The effectiveness of an organization depends on its mission & goals, internal efficiency, strategic positioning, and many more factors.
Examples of Effective Organizations
The picture above shows three organizations. Which organization would you qualify as more effective? Each of them makes a tangible positive impact, either on their shareholders, their users, their workers, or the environment. This makes each of them effective – in different ways.
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This shows that organizational effectiveness has no one definition and depends on the organizational context. It can revolve around the degree to which an organization accomplishes its goals, satisfies its stakeholders, has the resources it needs to operate, or creates societal or environmental impact.
This brings us to our definition. We define organizational effectiveness as the degree to which an organization achieves the goals it set out to achieve. These goals can be a certain output (productivity or service quality), efficiency goals it set out for, but also the degree to which its internal processes are aligned, and the degree to which it has secured the resources required to create a competitive advantage.
7 Organizational Effectiveness Models
In the example earlier, you saw that three organizations that did widely different things, can be equally effective. That is because there are multiple angles to look at organizational effectiveness. The table below shows the seven most common perspectives on effectiveness (also known as effectiveness models) and what effectiveness means for each of these.
Effectiveness modelsOrganizational effectiveness means…
Goal model…accomplishing its goals
Internal process model…high-quality internal processes
Resource-based model…obtaining resources needed for high performance
Strategic constituency model…satisfying strategic constituencies that hold sway over the organization
Stakeholder model…satisfying stakeholders of the organization
Competing values model…the presence of simultaneous opposites
Abundance model…flourishing and virtuousness
Let’s go over each of these and explain in a few sentences what they mean and how they can be applied to an organization.
• The goal approach gauges effectiveness by measuring to what degree the organization reaches the goals it set out to achieve. This is the most traditional way of measuring organizational effectiveness. Goals can include product or service quality and quantity, financial goals, shareholder value, societal impact, or all of these. The goal approach is less actionable as it measures output but does not provide information about the input or the process.
• The internal process model looks not at the outcome but at what happens inside of the organization. This approach assesses effectiveness through the smooth functioning of organizational operations. This is achieved through information management, documentation, and continuous consolidation.
The best-known example is the lean process approach, focused on continuous improvement and efficiency. The drawback is that the focus is often more on efficiency than on effectiveness and that the focus is more on inward processes than on outward opportunities.
• The resource-based model looks at the input as a measure of effectiveness. According to the Resource-Based View (RBV), firms achieve a competitive advantage by exploiting resources that are valuable, rare, and hard to imitate or copy.
Examples of such resources include proprietary software like Instagram or Microsoft’s Windows, advanced technology, like Apple’s iPhone, or a strong company brand or reputation like Apple, Coca Cola, or McKinsey. Bundling these resources helps the advantages become more profound. Take, for example, Apple’s technology in combination with the strong Apple brand. Organizations become effective by securing the supply of these resources.
Measuring Organizational Effectiveness
Measuring organizational effectiveness is complex. Different models offer different viewpoints to assess effectiveness. For example, the resource-based model measures input, the internal process model measures process effectiveness, and the goal-based model measures organizational output.
• The strategic constituency model assesses effectiveness by measuring the degree to which it satisfies those in the environment who can threaten the organization’s survival – i.e., its strategic constituencies or interest groups. Each constituency has a degree of power and pursues different goals.
Constituencies can include owners, management, employees, customers, suppliers, government, and customer groups. Here, it is key to identify the relevant strategic constituencies, identify their expectations, and the way to meet these expectations.
• A similar approach is the stakeholder approach. This includes strategic constituencies but also those who are indirectly affected by the organization but may not have power over it (e.g., families of workers, activists, and communities).
• The competing values model is based on Cameron and Quinn’s competing values framework. This approach measures effectiveness by the ability of an organization to simultaneously promote competing values.
For example, an organization may want to satisfy customers and maximize profits while also taking care of employees, promote internal structure and coordination while also promoting innovation and novel initiatives, and have a clear direction while also providing autonomy to people to help the organization get there. The ability of an organization to reconcile these competing values is key to being effective.
Competing Values Model is one perspective to organizational effectiveness
Cameron and Quinn proposed that when organizations are able to
sustain multiple competing values, they will be more effective.
• The abundance model proposes that effectiveness equates to unleashing the highest potential of human systems. This is about bringing forward positive values and virtuousness. To do this effectively, there has to be a balance between positive and negative values. For example, excellence and flourishing cannot exist without difficult challenges and struggle. Both positive and negative elements and emotions are required to push the potential of human systems.
Measuring organizational effectiveness is not a matter of either/or. Rather, it is about taking multiple perspectives and seeing if the organization is reaching the goals it set out to achieve, as well as its full potential.
Organizational Effectiveness Cycle
How to measure organizational effectiveness? The OE scorecard
The organizational effectiveness models provide a perspective on assessing OE. If we want to measure it, we need to create a more detailed scorecard. This creates a systematic approach that can be used regularly to re-evaluate and track progress on how effective the organization really is and where we can make improvements.
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Based on Cameron (2015), we have defined the following five questions that you can use to assess organizational effectiveness. As you will recognize, the activity domain and perspective form the effectiveness models we covered in the previous section.
1. Activity domain. What is the domain of activities that OE assesses? Activity domains include goal realization, stakeholder satisfaction, financial return, employee loyalty, product leadership, customer intimacy, and so on.
2. Perspective. From whose perspective is organizational effectiveness assessed? Examples include a shareholder perspective, employee perspective, customer perspective, or societal perspective.
3. Level of analysis. What level of analysis applies? This can be on the individual, group, department, organizational, industry, or even on a global level.
4. Time frame. What is the time frame used for the analysis? This can be over a period in the past, a snapshot of the current organization, or a long-term trends timeframe.
5. Frame of reference. What is the frame of reference for the effectiveness assessment? The organization can be compared with the ideal organization, its competitors, a past version of the organization, or with its stated goals.
These questions allow you to take a specific perspective on organizational effectiveness and make it measurable. We added a simplified example below. This scorecard shows constituency satisfaction in the organization on an aggregated level, measured annually for 2020 and 2021.
The scorecard shows two key trends: Relations with labor unions and employees are low and deteriorating while shareholders and board satisfaction remains high. This may indicate a disconnect between senior management and the broader workforce, which is a danger to organizational effectiveness.
Organizational Effectiveness Scorecard Example
Of course, this is a simplified example. There are many more ways to measure satisfaction – e.g., turnover rates for employees, the degree to which labor unions have made frustrations public (in the news), and shareholder value. There are also many other KPIs to track, like the degree to which the organization reaches its goals, its position compared to their industry, and how effective it is in maintaining its competitive advantage. However, the example shows the power of measuring organizational effectiveness, and how you can use internal benchmarking to make the organization more effective.
How HR can contribute to organizational effectiveness?
This brings us to our last question: how can HR contribute to organizational effectiveness? Having a deeper understanding of organizational effectiveness will help specify how HR can add value to the organization.
First, organizational effectiveness is the main focus of the organizational development unit, which is often part of HR. The organizational development team runs organizational transformations and comes up with more specific interventions for workforce and organizational issues. For example, high turnover may result in interventions aimed to reduce turnover, ensure continuity of business, and drive efficiencies.
Second, HR can contribute to organizational effectiveness through people processes and building workforce capabilities. This is displayed in the figure below.
How HR contributes to organizational effectiveness
Let’s go through each of these steps.
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• People practices. These are all the core HR practices, including recruitment & selection, learning and development, rewards & recognition, performance management, and workforce planning. All of these practices aim to create workforce capabilities.
• Workforce capabilities. These are the capabilities that HR is building in the workforce. Examples include employee engagement, employee experience, general competency levels, superior performance, leadership, and inclusion. Often, people practices directly aim at building these capabilities. We send employees to training to increase their capabilities, we reward people fairly, so they are motivated and perform well, and we have leadership development programs to increase our manager’s leadership capabilities.
• Key performance drivers. You will recognize the key performance drivers as part of organizational effectiveness. These include:
1. Unique resources & capabilities. We mentioned the resource-based model earlier: HR should actively help to build resources and capabilities that are VRIO, short for valuable, rare, inimitable, and organized. These lead to the creation of a competitive advantage. HR can contribute by creating a high-performance culture, establishing best-of-industry people practices, but also contribute to existing VRIO capabilities through selective hiring, providing state-of-art skill-building training, and effective performance management processes.
The VRIO Framework is a tool to measure competitive advantage
The VRIO framework provides a tool to assess if a resource or capability constitutes a sustained competitive advantage. This occurs when resources are valuable, rare, inimitable, and organized to capture the optimum value.
1. Efficient processes & organization. HR can contribute to efficient internal processes and smooth organizational operations by guaranteeing continuity of business through low absence and turnover, effective recruitment, and timely deployment of the workforce. This shows how people practices and workforce capabilities contribute to organizational effectiveness. Another key contribution is the creation of synergies through integrated HR practices around its culture and core competencies. These, in turn, reflect the strategic requirements of the business (Ulrich et al., 2017).
2. Product and service outputs. The main contribution HR can make here is through their business acumen. HR should ensure that its policies benefit the organization’s end-customer, through culture-building, communicating values that align the organization with its customers, and through upskilling, rewarding, and evaluating those values. An organization in the service sector should, for example, have a clear, customer-oriented strategy and culture, and all HR activities should align with that.
• Organizational objectives. This is the area where HR has the least direct input. However, HR can still provide an invaluable contribution to these objectives by acing its HR practices, building workforce capabilities, and adding to the organization’s key performance drivers. Examples of organization objectives are the creation of the more traditional shareholder value (EBITA, economic value-added, return on invested capital, market growth, capital efficiency), creating value for its other stakeholders (employees, contractors, suppliers, communities), and creating societal value (positive social change, a better and cleaner environment, or a healthier society).
In conclusion
Whether you are working in a leadership role or in a more operational capacity, understanding the drivers of organizational effectiveness will help you do a better job and help the organization advance in multiple ways. Effectiveness is, for example, about securing valuable resources and capabilities, optimizing processes, satisfying stakeholders, and ensuring that the organization reaches the goals it set out to achieve. Each of these perspectives can be used to measure and improve how effective the organization is – and create a well-oiled machine that positively impacts its employees, stakeholders, shareholders, and the broader community it operates in.
What is organizational effectiveness?
What are some common organizational effectiveness models?
There are 7 common organizational effectiveness models – goal model, internal process model, resource-based model, strategic constituency model, stakeholder model, competing values model, and abundance model.
How do you measure organizational effectiveness?
Measuring organizational effectiveness is about taking multiple perspectives and seeing if the organization is reaching the goals it set out to achieve, as well as its full potential. Creating a detailed scorecard based on your goals and KPIs creates a systematic approach that can be used regularly to re-evaluate and track progress on how effective the organization really is and where we can make improvements.
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Essay About Early Jamestown
347 Words 2 Pages
Always remember to make good choices, because small mistakes could lead to big ones. This is an important lesson because this started to happened to Jamestown, Virginia on May 13, 1607. This town was named after King James the first. Colonists died in early Jamestown because of a few problems. Some problems include as massive droughts, lack of surgeons, and diseases. The first problem in Jamestown was the massive drought. In document B, the graph presents that there was a massive drought for 6-7 years. Soon enough in the winter of 1609-1610, it became really cold and it was labeled as starving time. Even when Jamestown settlers could get water, it could’ve been contaminated. Many settlers died from dehydration and starvation. The second problem in Jamestown was the lack of surgeons. On the first and second ship list on document C, I noticed that there was only one surgeon. Considering the fact that 110 settlers arrived it wouldn’t be possible for one surgeon to serve all in a short about of time. There also weren’t any druggists on the first ship so the …show more content…
In document A, the author states that there was many deaths because of the brackish water. Brackish water is a mixture of seawater with freshwater. Water was a very important resource, so when they drank that water they became more sick. Illness is a contributing element to everyone of the passings. There is a wide range of perspectives on this issue, however I believe that colonists died in early Jamestown from many different problems that occurred. Almost everyone died in Jamestown. If these events have never happened then the American history would be different. This is the story of the individuals who preceded our lifetimes and what they fulfilled, we tail it so that we can gain from what they effectively experienced and did when they were alive. Coming to a conclusion, it’s very important to know why so many of the early colonists of jamestown
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Acid Reflux
Acid reflux is when stomach acid rises upwards into the esophagus. The stomach is designed to withstand the acid, but the esophagus is not. The acid causes pain, such as heartburn and can eventually lead to bleeding and damage of the esophagus. One of the main reasons the acid is released is that there is a problem with the valve called the lower esophageal sphincter. There are factors that can increase a persons risk for acid reflux. These factors include: being obese or overweight, eating large meals, lying down soon after eating a meal, pregnancy, smoking, hiatal hernia, asthma, and Diabetes.
In addition to these factors, certain foods can cause acid reflux. These foods include tomatoes and tomato based products, chocolate, onions, spicy food, alcohol, peppermint, citrus fruits, fatty foods, carbonation, and caffeine. Avoiding these foods as well as eating frequent, smaller meals often helps alleviate the symptoms of acid reflux.Some foods can help lesson the occurrence of acid reflux. Apples are good to neutralize stomach acid and relieve heart burn. Drinking lots of water or skim milk can help the sphincter valve to close more tightly. The liquids can also help dilute the stomach acid. Foods that can help neutralize stomach acid are figs, yogurt, pineapple, and decaffeinated tea.
The most common symptoms of acid reflux are: heartburn, chest pain, unexplained weight loss, burping, sensation of food being stuck in throat, frequent hiccups, nausea, bloating, dry cough, and difficulty swallowing. Many of these symptoms can be controlled with lifestyle and diet changes. There are also over-the-counter medications to provide relief from symptoms. If acid reflux occurs more than twice a week, or if the symptoms are severe, a doctor should be consulted.
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No surgery planned for two-headed baby
Robin Wulffson MD's picture
conjoined twins, Siamese twins, surgery, Jesus, Emanuel
SAO PAULO, BRAZIL - Actually, the term “two-headed baby” is not entirely correct. The infants born Monday, December 19 are conjoined twins; their bodies are fused together and their heads are separate. (Conjoined twins are also known by the lay term “Siamese twins.”) The twins, Jesus and Emanuel were delivered by emergency cesarean section in Anajas, in the northeastern Para State in Brazil. The twins have two functioning brains and two distinct spinal cords; in addition, they share several internal organs.
Despite their situation, they are in stable condition. The twins were named Jesus and Emanuel in honor of the upcoming Christmas holiday.
Conjoined twins with lesser degrees of fusion have been surgically separated with survival of both twins. Examples include twins joined at their hips or the top of their heads. The degree of intermingling of bodily structures makes any attempts at separation extremely unlikely. “It is impossible to take a decision with relation to surgery, not only because of physical reasons, but ethical ones as well,” Dr. Neila Dahas of the Santa Casa de Misericordia Hospital said. "It's important to understand that this is two babies and not one baby with two heads.”
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Identical twins are the result of one ovum (egg) dividing after fertilization. On rare occasions, this division is incomplete: conjoined twins are the result. The present case is an example of a type of conjoined twins known as dicephalic parapagus twins. In 1990, Abby and Brittany Hensel were born in Minnesota. They are also dicephalic parapagus twins. They are currently in good health and living a reasonably normal life.
Another case of conjoined twins were born 10 years ago in Guatemala. They illustrate the triumphs and pitfalls of surgery for conjoined twins. They were called "Las Dos Marias," the two Marias, playful 11-month-old twins from Guatemala who were born joined at the head. Nine years after a 23-hour operation at UCLA freed them to live their own lives, they are no longer UCLA patients; however, the two surgeons who so famously separated them are still tenuously tethered to the girls. Last August, the two surgeons, Dr. Jorge Lazareff and Dr. Henry Kawamoto Jr., along with UCLA anesthesiologist Dr. Van De Wiele, joined celebrants at the girls’ lavish, luau-themed 10th birthday party at a private home in Malibu, hosted by Mending Kids International, the organization that now supports the twins’ care and helps thousands of children from developing countries receive corrective surgeries. Mending Kids International supporter, actor Mel Gibson, also attended the party.
Throughout the last nine years, both surgeons have attended birthday parties for the twins, who now live with host families in Southern California. They have watched the twins move in very different directions. The twin who was smaller as an 11-month-old, Maria de Jesus (now called Josie), will enter the fourth grade at a local public school this fall. She loves playing with friends and performs with a synchronized swim team; however, she needs assistance to walk. Her less fortunate sister, Maria Teresa, nicknamed Teresita, suffered brain damage as a result of contracting meningitis in 2003 in Guatemala. She does not walk or speak, although she manages to communicate non-verbally with those closest to her.
While the two girls are being raised in Southern California, their parents, Alba Leticia Alvarez and Wenceslao Quiej Lopez, visit a couple of times a year. Within four months of their return to Guatemala, "It became apparent that their fragile medical conditions were too challenging for their family and physicians in Guatemala to handle," said officials with Mending Kids International in a statement. "They were quickly returned to the United States to be treated and it became imperative for the well-being of the girls to live close to the necessary medical facilities in the United States." The outcomes have left those so intricately involved in that landmark operation performed at Mattel Children’s Hospital with a bittersweet aftertaste.
"It’s sad about her sister," said Kawamoto, a plastic and reconstructive surgeon who operated on the twins along with Dr. Jorge Lazareff, director of pediatric neurosurgery at UCLA. "But it could have happened to anybody." Kawamoto said he believes the meningitis was not attributable to the medical care they received in Guatemala. "It was the bad luck of the draw." |
Daily Health
The Difference Between Mental Health vs Mental Illness
It's completely normal to struggle with your mental health from time to time, especially if you're experiencing stress due to external factors like a global pandemic, the loss of a loved one, or problems at work.
However, there's a big difference between occasional mental health problems and ongoing poor mental health or mental illness. In this article, we'll help you understand the difference between mental health and mental illness and how to identify the symptoms of mental health problems. Then we'll give you some tools and ideas for staying mentally healthy and resilient and provide some great free options for getting help with your mental health.
What is mental health?
Mental health is a general term that refers to your overall mental wellbeing. Someone with good mental health is able to appropriately deal with the stresses of everyday life, be a productive and functional member of society, and bounce back from challenges.
Having good mental health does not mean that you don't have a mental illness. People with diagnosable mental illnesses can still achieve good mental health through developing a treatment plan that keeps them emotionally stable (usually with the help of a professional).
While anyone’s mental health can suffer due to life events, having good mental health means that you’ll be able to make it through those difficult times and continue to find satisfaction in your life. Even if you have good mental health in general, you may find yourself seeking out information or professional help to learn to cope with new life challenges or changes in your mental state.
What is the difference between mental health and mental illness?
Many people may confuse the two, but mental health and mental illness are two distinct (but related) terms. While the term "mental health" refers to your general psychological and emotional wellbeing, mental illnesses are specific mental health conditions that are diagnosable.
Mental illnesses are health problems that impact how your brain functions. When medical professionals are determining whether or not you have a mental illness (also known as a mental health disorder), they will use standardized criteria to come up with a diagnosis.
There are over 200 classified types of mental illness, according to the latest version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Different mental illnesses can range in terms of severity, and multiple mental illnesses can occur at the same time. Mental illness can also be temporary or long lasting. Mental illnesses are also much more common than people may realize, with over 264 million people worldwide suffering from depression alone.
How are mental health and mental illness connected?
Every person has mental health, but not everyone has a mental illness. Your mental health can change over time due to a variety of factors. Untreated stress can even lead to mental illness if you don't address the problem when it arises.
Anyone can have mental health issues, whether or not they have a mental illness. People with undiagnosed or untreated mental illnesses will likely struggle to maintain good mental health, while a person with a diagnosed mental illness can have good mental health if their treatment plan is working.
What does it mean to have good mental health?
When a person has good mental health, they feel capable of dealing with their day to day life. They are able to enjoy themselves, be productive, and feel positive and hopeful. While they will still be affected emotionally and psychologically when stressful events happen, they will have the resilience to bounce back. They will also have the ability to interact with others, maintain healthy relationships, and have good self esteem.
How to achieve good mental health
There is no one-size-fits-all approach to being “mentally healthy,” but there are definitely some tried and true methods that could help.
Work on your physical health
There's a clear connection between mental and physical health. Mental health problems actually put you at risk for developing chronic physical health issues. Likewise, improving your physical health can help to improve your mental health. Here are a few ideas for how you can work on your physical health.
1. Get more exercise
Exercise may improve your mental health "by reducing anxiety, depression, and negative mood and by improving self-esteem and cognitive function."
1. Improve your sleep habits
Since sleep deprivation can negatively impact your mental health, try to get at least eight hours of uninterrupted sleep every night.
1. Work on maintaining a healthy diet
A healthy diet can positively impact your physical and mental health, while a poor diet can increase the symptoms of depression and anxiety like sluggishness, lack of focus, and less energy. Healthy food can improve your sleep, energy levels, and your ability to concentrate.
Avoid self medicating
If you're struggling with your mental health, don't try to take matters into your own hands by using alcohol or drugs to cope. Substance abuse is common in people with mental health disorders, and can make existing symptoms worse. If you think you could benefit from medication for mental illness, talk to your doctor about finding the right choice for you.
Develop coping skills
Another approach to dealing with mental health issues is to to develop stress management techniques and practices to help you maintain good mental health. You could try practicing mindfulness, where you attempt to remain present in the current moment rather than experiencing anxiety from worrying about the future or dwelling on the past. Some people also use meditation or journalling to help them cope with anxiety and other mental health issues.
Practice self care
Make time for yourself, whether that means leaving your work at the office or engaging in activities you enjoy like crafting or yoga. You need to look after yourself before prioritizing others, so set clear boundaries and leave your work at the office.
Ask for help
Whether you need support from your loved ones or help from a professional, there's no shame in asking for help. Talk to someone you trust or use some the ideas we've gathered below.
Where to get help for mental health
Don't feel ashamed if you're not able to deal with the symptoms of poor mental health on your own. You may not be equipped with coping mechanisms, or you may have an undiagnosed mental illness that's preventing you from living your life fully. It's always better to ask for help rather than continue to feel bad all on your own and risk your symptoms getting worse. Here are some ideas for how you can get help for mental health issues.
Talk to your doctor
It's always a good idea to speak with a doctor if you're struggling with your mental health. A doctor can provide you with information and help you to come up with a plan for improving your mental health, which might include medications, counselling or referral to a specialist.
Try therapy
Psychotherapy is often recommended when someone is experiencing mental health issues. By speaking with a therapist, psychologist, or other type of counsellor, you'll be able to express your feelings and learn constructive methods of coping.
Kids Help Phone
While Kids Help Phone is meant for young people, there is no specific age limit for accessing their free 24/7 resources. In addition to a large online catalogue on topics ranging from eating disorders to bullying and beyond, they also offer multiple options for free, anonymous, live support. Depending on what you feel most comfortable with, you can use their peer-to-peer online support forum, their phone call service, or receive support via text or Facebook Messenger. You can also live chat for free with a professional counsellor during the hours of 7 pm to midnight ET.
Crisis Services Canada
Wherever you live in Canada, Crisis Services Canada can help you access local resources to help with your mental health.
Wellness Together
Wellness Together offers free, 24/7 confidential support for people in Canada and Canadians abroad. They provide online resources, phone and text counselling, and you can even track your mental health using their regular wellness assessments when you create an account.
Hope for Wellness
The Hope for Wellness Help Line provides phone and chat counselling for Indigenous people across Canada. They operate in English and French, and can provide services in Cree, Ojibway, and Inuktitut on request.
Now that you know the differences between mental health and mental illness and how to find help for mental health issues, you're well on your way to managing your mental wellbeing.
Felix Team
Updated on:
August 4, 2021
Medically reviewed by
Dr. Kelly Anderson
Family Physician, MD, CCFP(EM)
The views expressed here are those of the author and, as with the rest of the content on Active Ingredients, are not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have any medical questions or concerns, please talk to your healthcare provider.
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Ichneumon species
The Ichneumonidae or Parasitic Wasps are a difficult group to identify. There are many similar species and some species are dimorphic. There are approximately 2,300 species in Britain and far more in Europe, so getting to grips with them is not easy. I have done my best to identify some and others I have left unidentified. I have included their photographs to give an idea of the diversity and attractiveness of this family. They parasitize mostly the larvae of butterflies and moths but also beetles, sawflies and flies. |
Brief history of the bicycle
The bicycle, bike or cycle is a human-vehicle driven by pedals. It has a base frame with two wheels in it, one after another. Nearly 1.4 billion people in the world use this vehicle, and obviously one of the most popular vehicles and more efficient in use today. This is not only an important and popular transport, but also an effective tool for leisure. It has several uses such as police and military applications, courier services and bicycle facilities and fitness for adults.
Introduced in the 19th century century in Europe, bicycle has a large number of innovators and inventors credited to its name. The bike is called the human powered vehicle are Draisines. This was presented to the people of Paris in 1818 by the German Baron Karl von Drais. Kirkpatrick MacMillan made an upgrade to this vehicle by adding a mechanical crank drive with the drive as the vehicle. Thus, the modern bicycle “ launched.
The French inventor Pierre Michaux and Pierre Lallement designed a high-seated and big front-wheeled bicycle (ordinary bicycle, as it was officially called) that wasn `t much preferred as poor weight distribution. The dwarf ordinary bicycle recommended these defects, but the front wheel was an oversized solve. JK Starley `s 1885 Rover was the first modern bicycle in the true sense, even with the wheels and fit
The modern bicycle has many parts. They can be listed as follows.
Frame – Every bicycle today has a `diamond` frame, where the front triangle consists of the head tube, top tube, down tube and seat tube. The rear triangle consists of the seat tube and chain stays and seat stays. Based bicycle frames, yet has a high resistance so that the light energy optimization of the runner up. Ladies bicycle glasses generally have a step-by-frame through. This defines that the top tube is absent, as is the driver installed (usually a woman) and dismount in a dignified way while wearing a skirt or dress.
Powertrain – pedals which rotate the crank arm and mechanical supports and plates, are elements of the kinematic chain. They are used for transmission and other functions in the bicycle industry.
Handlebars – The handlebars are one of the most important parts of a bicycle. Vertical handlebars are used in normal bicycles while dropped handlebars of racing bikes and mountain climbing are used. These are used because they give aerodynamic steering and speed of the rider.
Saddles – The saddles are varying depending on the journey and driver preference. The cushions are typically used for short trips close are intended to give you more space to swing the legs.
Brakes – Modern bicycle brakes are usually rim brakes use pads to increase the speed. There are also wheel brakes, brake pads in the hubs that have stopped speeding bike. Disc brakes are used on mountain bikes, racing brakes etc. have to be precise and immediate.
Suspension – A bicycle with suspension to keep the streets hard and comfort for the driver, who is facing the wrong way.
– Wheels are necessary for a bicycle to run and reach its destination. Sizes, shapes and powerful wheels. According to the pilot’s needs and choice
Cities such as Lyon, Barcelona and Paris cycling systems used wisely. The journey of the bicycle with the human race has been long and important, and will continue as long as humanity exists to further expand! |
Big question: What happens after lockdown
Law enforcers check permits for motorists in Oxford Street, East London, this week. Citizens are worried about what will happen when the 21-day lockdown ends.
Those of us trying to model the Covid-19 pandemic should try to be humble; there is more we don’t know than we do.
Anyone who claims to know what the infection or mortality rates are for this disease is either deluded or dishonest.
But, with time-tested scientific analysis, some things are predictable: on April 17, after three weeks of lockdown, the sun will rise in Cape Town at 7.10am, and we will still be at the start of a Covid-19 outbreak.
Though our current three-week lockdown will temporarily suppress transmission in the South African epidemic, it won’t eradicate it, and if we just go back to business as usual, we will have endured the lockdown for nothing.
Usually, viral outbreaks, like flu, peak and subside long before everyone gets infected.
The network for transmission becomes thinned, and transmission just can’t be sustained.
This thinning has many potential contributing factors: for most viral infections, people acquire substantial immunity from infection, so once they recover (sometimes quite quickly) they no longer contribute to the spread.
Of course, people may also adapt their behaviours if they see a severe outbreak around them — but even without changes in behaviour, there are natural reasons for epidemics to die out.
This pruning of the transmission tree, however, relies on a substantial fraction of people getting at least a brush with the infection — and it is from the study of seasonal flu and similar viruses that people have been circulating some alarming estimates of how many people might contract the new coronavirus.
Indeed, a scarily large number of people would need to be infected for there to be a collective “herd immunity” that would make any residual transmission dwindle away harmlessly.
Even in severe Covid-19 outbreaks like in Wuhan, only about 1% of the local population was ever infected before draconian measures pretty much shut down transmission.
While restrictions are now being eased, the population is almost as susceptible to a re-ignition of the epidemic as it ever was, and any reintroduction of infection to Wuhan would be just about as dangerous as the initial outbreak.
So the question is, what do we do after April 16?
This is a political, not a purely technical, question — though there are technical aspects to understanding what will be happening as we try to get out of a strict lockdown to something more sustainable.
I don’t think epidemiologists necessarily have the insights or creativity to come up with the answers, but we can suggest some of the important things we will have to consider and debate.
Between quasi-incarceration and going back to how things were, there is a wide spectrum of measures, and infinite scope for creativity.
Read more of the story on DispatchLIVE
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a common cause of winter infections. In many cases the symptoms are similar to a cold and can be treated at home. However, some young children become seriously ill and need hospital care.
Key points about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection
1. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of many viruses that cause infections of the respiratory tract – the parts of your body related to breathing.
2. Almost all children will have had an RSV infection by their second birthday.
3. If it recurs in healthy adults and older children, RSV symptoms are mild and similar to the common cold.
4. However, in infants, the virus can cause serious illness including bronchiolitis and pneumonia (infection of your lung) and they may need hospital care.
5. There is no vaccine against RSV, but you can help prevent its spread by covering coughs and sneezes, hand washing and other hygiene measures.
What are the symptoms of RSV infection?
The symptoms of RSV infection are typical symptoms of a cold, such as a runny nose, coughing, sneezing, fever (high temperature), wheezing and not feeling like eating. These symptoms usually appear in stages and not all at once. In very young infants with RSV, the only symptoms may be irritability, decreased activity and breathing difficulties. However, RSV can also cause serious illness, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia (infection of your lung).
COVID-19 pandemic
Both RSV and COVID-19 are respiratory conditions. If you have any respiratory symptoms such as a cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, head cold or loss of smell, with or without fever, stay at home and call your GP or Healthline's dedicated COVID-19 number 0800 358 5453 to check whether you need to be tested for COVID-19.
When should I seek help for my child with RSV infection?
You should see your family doctor or go to an after-hours medical centre urgently if your baby or young child:
• is under 3 months old
• is breathing fast, has noisy breathing and is having to use extra effort to breathe
• looks pale and unwell
• is taking less than half of their normal feeds
• is vomiting
• has not had a wet nappy for more than 6 hours
You should also see a doctor if you are worried about your baby or young child. Even if you've already seen your doctor, if your child's breathing gets worse or you are worried, take your child back to the doctor. Read more about how to tell if your child is struggling to breathe.
Is RSV infection common in Aotearoa New Zealand?
In New Zealand, RSV is the most common cause of hospitalisation for lower respiratory tract infections for under 2-year-olds. Admissions for the flu occur much less often. RSV infections in Aotearoa New Zealand generally occur during winter and spring.
How is RSV infection spread?
RSV can spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes, as the virus droplets get in your eyes, nose or mouth. You can also get it from direct contact with the virus, eg, from kissing the face of a child with RSV. If you touch a surface that has the virus on it, like a doorknob, and then touch your face before washing your hands, you can also get the virus.
Children are often exposed to and infected with RSV outside their home, such as in school or childcare centers. RSV can survive for many hours on hard surfaces such as tables and cot rails. It usually lives on soft surfaces, such as tissues and hands, for less time.
Who is most at risk of RSV infection?
People of any age can get another RSV infection, but infections later in life are generally less serious. People at highest risk for severe symptoms include:
• premature babies
• young children with congenital (from birth) heart or chronic lung disease
• young children with compromised (weakened) immune systems due to a medical condition or medical treatment
• adults with compromised immune systems
• older adults, especially those with underlying heart or lung disease.
How is RSV infection diagnosed?
Your doctor will ask about your child’s symptoms, whether other close contacts have similar symptoms, your home environment and how long they have been sick. They will also do a clinical examination and, possibly, a throat swab or other tests.
How is RSV infection treated?
Most RSV infections go away on their own in 1 to 2 weeks. There is no specific treatment for RSV infection. Care involves relieving symptoms, such as to:
• manage fever and pain with paracetamol
• drink enough fluids to prevent dehydration (loss of body fluids).
Talk to your healthcare provider before giving your child cold and cough medicines. Some medicines contain ingredients that are not good for children.
A medicine called palivizumab (pah-lih-VIH-zu-mahb) is available by injection to prevent severe RSV illness in infants and children who are at high risk of severe illness, such as babies born prematurely or with congenital heart disease or chronic lung disease. The medicine can help prevent serious RSV disease, but it cannot help cure or treat children already suffering from serious RSV, and it cannot prevent infection with RSV. It must be given regularly to be effective.
Is there a vaccine against RSV infection?
There is currently no vaccine readily available for RSV. Immunity to RSV develops over the first couple of years of life, but it is never fully complete, and tends to decline again with age. This means older adults can also be seriously affected with the virus.
How can I reduce the chance of my child getting RSV infection?
Take steps to make sure your child is at less risk of catching RSV.
Breastfeeding – Breastfeeding your baby protects them from getting RSV infection by boosting their infection-fighting (immune) system. Breastfeeding beyond 4 months of age offers the best protection.
Smoke-free environment – Make sure your child's environment is smoke-free. If you want to give up smoking:
• call the free Quitline Me Mutu on 0800 778 778 or text 4006
• check out the website Quitline
• ask your health professional
Vaccinations – Make sure your child is up to date with all their vaccinations. There is currently no vaccine for RSV but vaccination can prevent bacterial infections following RSV infection.
A warm house – Keeping the house warm and well-insulated will also decrease your baby's risk of developing RSV infection.
Stay away from people with coughs and colds – It is sensible to keep young babies away from people who have colds and coughs.
Parents of children at high risk for developing severe RSV disease should help their child, when possible, do the following:
• Avoid close contact with sick people.
• Avoid touching their face with unwashed hands.
• Avoid their sharing drink containers and toothbrushes.
• Limit the time they spend in childcare centres or other potentially contagious settings, especially during autumn, winter and spring. This may help prevent infection and spread of the virus during the RSV season.
How can I prevent the spread of RSV infection?
Diagram of how to prevent the spread of RSVIf you have cold-like symptoms you should:
• cover your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your upper shirt sleeve, not your hands
• avoid close contact, such as kissing, shaking hands, and sharing cups and eating utensils, with others
• clean frequently touched surfaces such as doorknobs and mobile devices
• wash solid toys and consider getting rid of soft ones.
Ideally, people with cold-like symptoms should not interact with children at high risk for severe RSV disease, including premature babies, children younger than 2 years of age with chronic lung or heart conditions, and children with weakened immune systems.
If this is not possible, you should carefully follow the prevention steps mentioned above and wash your hands before interacting with such children. You should also not kiss high-risk children while they have cold-like symptoms.
Learn more
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection KidsHealth, NZ
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Ministry of Health, NZ
1. Respiratory syncytial virus infection (RSV) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), US
2. Understanding respiratory syncytial virus Asthma and Respiratory Foundation, NZ
Reviewed by
After 45 years of GP experience, and 8 years as an examiner and practice assessor, Dr Bryan Frost has completed a Diploma in Editing and is pursuing a new career. He also has a Diploma in Health Administration, with honours in management, and has also completed a paper in Health Care Law.
Credits: Health Navigator Editorial Team. Reviewed By: Dr Bryan Frost, FRNZCGP, Morrinsville Last reviewed: 06 Jul 2021 |
Question Info
This question is public and is used in 2 groups and 123 tests or worksheets.
Type: Multiple-Choice
Category: Earth's Layers
Level: Grade 12
Tags: tectonic
Author: Debroda
Last Modified: 3 years ago
View all questions by Debroda.
Earth's Layers Question
View this question.
Grade 12 Earth's Layers
Earth's thinnest and coldest layer is the .
1. mantle
2. asthenosphere
3. core
4. crust |
© HartOfTheSouth / Shutterstock.com
An activity that's continually growing in popularity in the UK; around 50% of all households now feed the birds, according to a survey by the British Trust for Ornithology.
As a nation, we spend at least £200 million a year on bird food - enough to sustain up to 196 million birds, which is more than the combined population of many of Britain's common wild species.
The study concludes feeding garden birds has supported the population growth of some species, while increasing the diversity of the varieties coming into our garden. In total, the British public supports some 133 species by providing food, bird tables and water all year round.
It is very important to help out wildlife, particularly birds – overall numbers are in serious decline. The question is, how do we do this safely, without putting the birds at risk?
Why do you need to consider the birds' safety?
For many of us, putting out bird food in our garden is an act of kindness that doesn't merit a second thought. However, there are natural predators as well as man-made hazards in the wild - and the last thing anyone wants to do is put the birds at risk.
The two natural predators are cats and sparrowhawks, while the birds might also be injured by a hazard such as flying into the window of your home, which can be fatal.
Cats are the major cause of unnatural bird deaths in the UK. There are about nine million cats in Britain and they kill an average of 30 birds each per year, according to the RSPB. This adds up to a terrible total of 55 million birds dying annually through being caught by cats.
Normally in nature, a balance exists between the predator and the prey. However, because domestic cats have no natural predators themselves, their population will remain constant or rise. The secret is finding ways of preventing cats from killing the birds as they feed.
Sparrowhawks weren't a major concern for smaller birds in the 1950s and 1960s, because their population had declined. In the 1970s, it began to increase again after the poison DDT was banned and sparrowhawks were protected by the Wildlife and Countryside Act.
Between 1970 and 2005, the UK sparrowhawk population increased by 108% to 35,000 breeding pairs. Although people love to see sparrowhawks soaring in the sky, the sight of one snatching a bird from your garden isn't a pleasant one.
As well as predators, it is estimated around 10% of the total bird population dies by flying into windows.
How can you make your garden safer?
Cat owners can help prevent their cats from killing birds by putting the food in strategically placed bird feeders. It isn't wise to put bird food on the ground near bushes, as a cat could lurk there unnoticed and dart out.
Hang bird feeders from tree branches, on the fence, or on other garden structures, within 20 metres of trees or hedges, where the birds can fly to safety quickly should a predator appear. This might protect them not only from cats but from sparrowhawks too.
If you have ground-level feeders, erect a low fence around them - preferably a trellised type so the birds can see all around them as they feed. This way, the birds can easily escape and the cats won't be able to sneak up on them.
Put a bell on your cat's collar to alert birds to its presence. Keep your cat indoors at dusk and dawn if possible, as these are the times when birds are most vulnerable due to poor light. Always leave food indoors for your cats and keep them well-fed. Then they will have less inclination to chase birds.
If you see your cat stalking birds in their feeding area, fire a water pistol at him. This is harmless to your cats and they will learn to avoid the area if they associate it with getting wet.
Can you stop birds from flying into windows?
Glass windows can look very inviting for birds, as they reflect the sky and foliage, making it appear there are places beyond where birds can fly and land. You can take a few simple steps to reduce the dangers.
Never place bird feeders in close proximity to your windows. Even if it gives you a better view of the birds feeding, there is also a greater chance they will smash into the glass. Put decorative decals or stickers on the pane so birds can clearly see it isn't something they can fly through.
Installing blinds, net curtains or sunscreens inside your windows can also stop the illusion that the glass isn't there. You can buy one-way transparent film to put on the windows, so you can see out, but no one can see in. While this will stop birds from flying in, it's also handy if you have privacy problems with neighbours or passers-by.
Should you supply water for the birds?
Supplying garden birds with water to bathe in is just as important as providing food, especially in winter. Birds need to keep their feathers in good condition and having a bath in clean water is an essential part of their health and wellbeing.
Wetting the feathers loosens dirt, making their feathers easier to preen. As with food, place the birdbath away from thick bushes or undergrowth where your cat could lurk. Get a stone birdbath on a high, slim pedestal that the cats can't climb up and put it in an open space, where the birds have a good view of predators approaching.
It's also a good idea to put the birdbath within reach of a hosepipe and water supply, first so you don't have to keep filling it with a watering can and secondly so you can give it a good clean from time to time.
With a little care and planning, your garden birds will enjoy feeding safely, as they will see your garden as a haven where they can feast and bathe. This, in turn, will provide you with some wonderful and entertaining sights. |
Assassinated US President John F Kennedy’s brain was stolen by his brother, according to a new book.
The brain was removed during an autopsy after JFK was shot in 1963 and stored in the National Archives.
But three years later it was found to have vanished.
Author James Swanson – in End of Days: The Assassination of John F Kennedy – blames Robert Kennedy.
He alleges JFK’s younger brother took the brain to cover up illnesses or drug use by the President.
The book alleges the brain was but instead placed in a stainless steel container with a screw top lid.
The container was stored in a file cabinet of the Secret Service before being moved to the National Archives, it claims.
Conspiracy theorists have speculated that the brain was stolen to conceal evidence that JFK was shot from the front and not from the official version that he was gunned down by Lee Harvey Oswald. |
Breathtaking view of the Gulf of St. Lawrence from Green Point (Photo by NCC))
Walruses, Lancaster Sound (Photo by Mario Cyr)
Walruses, Lancaster Sound (Photo by Mario Cyr)
Atlantic walrus
With its prominent tusks and whiskers, the walrus is one of Canada’s most easily recognizable Arctic species. Globally there are two recognized sub-species of walrus: the Atlantic and Pacific. Only the Atlantic walrus occurs in Canada.
What does it look like?
The well-known tusks of the walrus are actually elongated canine teeth, present in both males and females. Tusks can grow up to one metre long and weigh up to 5.4 kilograms. Tusks are slightly longer and thicker among males, which are used for dominance displays and fighting.
Walruses are also well-known for their "vibrissae": a broad mat of stiff bristles surrounding the tusks that tends to give the walrus a whiskered appearance. These hypersensitive whiskers allow the walrus to detect its food, which is often buried deep in mud.
Walruses are very bulky. Adult male walruses can weigh more than 1,100 kilograms and be 3.1 metres in length, while females grow to 800 kilograms and 2.8 metres long. Their skin is very wrinkled and thick, with the blubber layer under the skin reaching up to 15 centimetres.
Where does it live?Canadian distribution of Atlantic walrus (Map by NCC)
(Click on the image to enlarge)
Walruses are discontinuously distributed throughout arctic waters of the northern hemisphere.
In Canada, the Atlantic walrus inhabits coastal areas in the northeastern Canadian Arctic. Walruses once occurred in the Atlantic provinces of Canada, but this population was hunted to extirpation by the late 18th century.
What is this species’ conservation status?
In Canada, the Atlantic walrus has been designated as special concern, and is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Threats to walruses include over-hunting and climate change. Climate change can reduce the duration and thickness of the pack ice that walruses depend on for mating and reproduction.
What is NCC doing to protect habitat for this species?
On June 8, 2016, Shell Canada contributed more than 8,625 square kilometres of offshore rights in the waters of Baffin Bay, near Lancaster Sound, to the Nature of Conservancy of Canada (NCC). NCC helped to accelerate a marine conservation initiative of global significance by subsequently releasing the permits to the Government of Canada, to further Canada’s commitment in protecting National Marine Conservation Areas.
The protection of Lancaster Sound contributes to the securement of habitat for species such as walruses, polar bears, seals, narwhals, beluga and bowhead whales.
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Let the food systems nourish people and the planet rather than feed the profits of the privileged
The food system is a complex web of activities involving production, processing, transport, and consumption. Key issues concerning the food system include how food production affects the natural environment, the impact of food on individual and population health, the governance and economics of food production, its sustainability, and the degree to which we waste food.
Indigenous peoples and the pandemic in the land of inequalities
476 million indigenous people live around the world, of which 11.5% live in our Latin American region. In these years that we are going from the COVID 19 pandemic in our territories (indigenous or tribal at the Latin American level), the presence of many extractive companies, mainly uranium and lithium, has increased, land traffickers and among other monoculture companies with fires for the cultivation of oil palm, logging, putting vulnerable peoples at greater risk than what is already experienced.
Arctic communities to WCC pilgrims: “We need your voice”
The rights and dignity of the other
In the words of Prof. Rev. Dr John Langan SJ, a human right "is a right that a human person has simply by virtue of being (human), irrespective of his or her social status, cultural accomplishments, moral merits, religious beliefs, class memberships or cultural relationships.” |
Hear a 16th-Century Concert Recreated by a ‘Musical Time Machine’
Researchers modeled the acoustics of Linlithgow Palace in Scotland to transport listeners back to a 1512 performance
The team used LiDAR scanning and computer modeling to recreate the acoustics of Linlithgow Palace's chapel. University of Edinburgh
Researchers using cutting-edge virtual reality and acoustic modeling have built a “musical time machine” that replicates the sound of choral music performed more than 500 years ago in the now-ruined chapel of Scotland’s Linlithgow Palace.
As Gary Flockhart reports for the Edinburgh Evening News, scholars used LiDAR scanning to capture the chapel as it stands now. They then drew on historical and architectural records to virtually restore the building’s roof, window, tiled floor, altar and other objects to how they would have appeared in 1512, when James IV visited for Easter celebrations. The Edinburgh College of Art, the universities of Birmingham and Melbourne, and Historic Environment Scotland (HES) collaborated on the project.
“Some of the aspects we know are absolutely correct, and some are intelligent guesswork,” James Cook, an early music scholar at Edinburgh College of Art, tells the Guardian’s Libby Brooks. “But what that enables you to do is build a reconstruction using the LiDAR scan as the basis, and then use historical techniques to work out what [the chapel] might look like inside.”
Cook adds, “You need to know how oak absorbs sound and how it scatters sound, or what an alabaster sculpture with this degree of curvature would do.”
Linlithgow Palace, located near Edinburgh in West Lothian, was the birthplace of Mary, Queen of Scots. James I of Scotland ordered its construction in 1424, and over the next century or so, it served as a pleasure palace for the Stuart dynasty. After James VI of Scotland (also known as James I of England) moved the royal court to London in 1603, however, the palace fell into decline. Though a 1746 fire largely destroyed the building, its ruins continue to attract visitors today.
To determine what music might have been played at the 1512 Easter concert in the chapel, the researchers consulted the Carver Choirbook, a pre-Reformation collection of Scottish music, reports Heather Graham for the National.
Singers from the Binchois Consort recorded the music in an anechoic chamber—a space free of any acoustic elements that sound could bounce against. The team then overlaid the chamber with the acoustic model of the chapel, creating a virtual recording that reflects how the music might have sounded when performed in the room centuries ago.
“A lot of this project has been about reconstructing fragments,” Cook tells the Guardian. “The building, but also the repertoire and some of the music. What we want to do is offer something that essentially wasn’t possible in reality.”
The recording, titled Music for the King of Scots, is now available for download via Hyperion Records. Per Hyperion, the album includes what is believed to be one of Scotland’s oldest surviving Mass cycles.
Next, the team plans to bring the project to the palace, creating a multisensory virtual reality experience that allows visitors to walk through the reconstructed chapel.
“Visitors at the Palace and our other properties love to imagine how these sites used to look and picture what life was like,” says Kit Reid, senior interpretation manager for HES, in a statement. “What makes this project so special is the emphasis on not just the visual recreation but also the recreation of the authentic soundscape which gives an immersive insight into the court life at the Palace over 500 years ago.” |
6 Signs You’re Suffering From Acid Reflux and How to Fix It
The typical medical condition is acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It affects millions of people and they don’t even know they have it. In addition, acid reflux can also cause other illnesses. It may aggravate asthma, which is proved by the fact that most asthmatics have GERD, according to the researchers.
1. Acidic taste in the mouth
This disorder is generally caused by the upper stomach muscle or sphincter. When it weakens, acid rises up into the food pipe. The sour acidic taste can be very unpleasant and last for weeks, affecting your quality of life. This issue is particularly common in pregnant women since more pressure is placed on the stomach.
2. Regurgitation
Regurgitation is an acid build up in your throat or mouth. You may feel a bitter taste, a burp, and even sometimes vomit. Regurgitation can occur at any time but at night it is extremely disturbing. You will wake up in your throat with bitter liquid and a sense of fear.
3. Heartburn
Many people around the world have heard about and even suffered heartburn, but not any of them believe they have acid reflux. Heartburn is the most prominent GERD symptom. After eating heartburn signs are typically burning or pain in the middle of the lower chest. Bending over or lying flat on your back can increase the discomfort.
4. Dyspepsia
You may feel pressure in the stomach when you experience acid reflux, which involves nausea after eating, upper abdominal pain, burping and fullness of the stomach. Often because of the feeling of fullness in your stomach, you can’t even feel hungry and don’t have an appetite.
5. Dysphagia
Dysphagia means the sight of stacked food in your throat can be felt. This is because the oesophagus is tightening up. It may become a difficulty when dysphagia occurs because you are unable to swallow, so you do not eat enough calories that can contribute to further medical complications.
6. Coughing
Coughing is not a common symptom of acid reflux, but a persistent cough is reported in at least 25-40 per cent of cases.
Except for those above-mentioned symptoms, you can experience less common signs such as swallowing pain, increased salivation, weight loss, the discomfort of the throat, bad breath, dry mouth, and chest pain.
How you can avoid acid reflux:
Your diet triggers acid reflux in the first place. Following basic rules, therefore, is very critical.
• Eat smaller servings. Very often eating is better than getting a huge meal once or twice a day.
• It is essential to avoid fatty foods such as alcohol, acid, spice and.
• Lose weight should it be required.
• Don’t put on tight pants.
• Do not eat before falling asleep.
If you have some of the GERD symptoms? How can you deal with your stomach? Leave a comment if you think our article was useful.
Illustrated by Daniil Shubin |
Ice in Scrabble Dictionary
Lookup Word Points and Definitions
What does ice mean? Is ice a Scrabble word?
How many points in Scrabble is ice worth? ice how many points in Words With Friends? What does ice mean? Get all these answers on this page.
Scrabble® and Words with Friends® points for ice
See how to calculate how many points for ice.
Is ice a Scrabble word?
Yes. The word ice is a Scrabble US word. The word ice is worth 5 points in Scrabble:
Is ice a Scrabble UK word?
Yes. The word ice is a Scrabble UK word and has 5 points:
Is ice a Words With Friends word?
Yes. The word ice is a Words With Friends word. The word ice is worth 6 points in Words With Friends (WWF):
Our tools
Valid words made from Ice
You can make 2 words from 'ice' in our Scrabble US and Canada dictionary.
3 letters words from 'ice'
ICE 5
All 3 letters words made out of ice
ice cie iec eic cei eci
Note: these 'words' (valid or invalid) are all the permutations of the word ice. These words are obtained by scrambling the letters in ice.
Definitions and meaning of ice
From Middle English is, from Old English īs (ice), from Proto-West Germanic *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.
• (UK, US) IPA(key): /aɪs/
• (Canada, many US accents) IPA(key): [ʌɪs]
• Rhymes: -aɪs
ice (countable and uncountable, plural ices)
1. (uncountable) Water in frozen (solid) form.
• 1882, Popular Science Monthly (volume 20), "The Freezing of a Salt Lake"
It has always been difficult to explain how ice is formed on the surface of oceans while the temperature of maximum density is lower than that of cogelation, and the observations on this lake were instituted in the hope that they might throw light upon the subject.
2. (uncountable, physics, astronomy) Any frozen volatile chemical, such as ammonia or carbon dioxide.
3. (uncountable, astronomy) Any volatile chemical, such as water, ammonia, or carbon dioxide, not necessarily in solid form.
4. (countable) A frozen dessert made of fruit juice, water and sugar.
5. (Britain, countable, dated) An ice cream.
6. (uncountable) Any substance having the appearance of ice.
7. (uncountable, slang) One or more diamonds and jewelry.
8. (uncountable, slang, drugs) Crystal form of amphetamine-based drugs.
9. (uncountable, ice hockey) The area where a game of ice hockey is played.
• 2006, CBC, Finland, Sweden 'the dream final', February 26 2002,
The neighbouring countries have enjoyed many great battles on the ice. They last met for gold at the 1998 world championship, won by Sweden. Three years earlier, Finland bested Sweden for the only world title in its history.
10. (slang) Money paid as a bribe.
• 1960, United States. Congress, Congressional Record
Theater operators, theater party agents, playwrights, and others who have ready access to tickets may get in on the “ice” and sometimes the producer is in on it too.
• 1970, Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates
This “ice” is bribe money paid to public officials to purchase protection for illegal activities. [] Just consider the “ice” money available to the men involved in the examples just cited.
Derived terms
• Tokelauan: aiha
See ice/translations § Noun.
ice (third-person singular simple present ices, present participle icing, simple past and past participle iced)
1. (transitive) To cool with ice, as a beverage.
• 2008, Deirdre Pitney, Donna Dourney, Triathlon Training For Dummies (page 240)
To treat runner's knee, you need to rest from running or any other high-impact activity, ice the knee, and strengthen the quadriceps through weight training.
2. (intransitive) To become ice; to freeze.
3. (transitive) To make icy; to freeze.
4. (transitive, slang) To murder.
5. (transitive) To cover with icing (frosting made of sugar and milk or white of egg); to frost; as cakes, tarts, etc.
6. (ice hockey) To put out a team for a match.
Milton Keynes have yet to ice a team this season
7. (ice hockey) To shoot the puck the length of the playing surface, causing a stoppage in play called icing.
Derived terms
Further reading
• David Barthelmy (1997–2021), “Ice”, in Webmineral Mineralogy Database.
• “ice”, in[3], Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, 2000–2021.
• ice on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Of uncertain origin, perhaps from a Saharan language; compare Dazaga idi.
• IPA(key): /ʔí.t͡ʃèː/
• (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [ʔɪ́.t͡ʃèː]
icḕ m (possessed form icèn)
1. wood
2. tree
3. stick
1. second-person singular present active imperative of īciō
1. Romanization of ᡳᠴᡝ
Middle English
ice (uncountable)
1. Alternative form of is (ice)
1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of içar
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of içar
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of içar
• IPA(key): (Spain) /ˈiθe/, [ˈi.θe]
• IPA(key): (Latin America) /ˈise/, [ˈ]
• Homophone: hice
1. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of izar.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of izar.
• to cover with frozen water.
(source: Collins Scrabble Dictionary) |
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Blue Ridge Poison Center issues warning about siphoning gasoline
The center said it can be extremely dangerous
The Blue Ridge Poison Center at the University of Virginia has issued a warning regarding siphoning gasoline.
This comes after the center received calls about gasoline poisoning from people who said they accidentally swallowed gasoline after trying to siphon it through a tube from one container to another.
The center said that siphoning gasoline can be extremely dangerous and can lead to illness or injury if not done carefully. Authorities said that because gasoline is thinner than water it might move through the tube faster than you expected, causing you to accidentally swallow or inhale it or even get splashed.
Blue Ridge Poison Center Director Dr. Christopher Holstege said one person went to the emergency room after experiencing breathing problems from siphoning gas.
He said inhaling gasoline can lead to lung damage or worse using life support to stay alive.
“It’s a matter of catching that trend quickly to get the warnings out so hopefully people will stop,” Holstege said.
If this happens, it could result in the following:
• If the gasoline gets on your skin, mouth or eyes it could result in chemical burns.
• If you swallow gasoline it could lead to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain.
• If you breathe in large amounts of gasoline fumes it could lead to unconsciousness, respiratory arrest and death.
• If you inhale liquid gasoline into your lungs, you could experience coughing and shortness of breath. You could even develop chemical pneumonia, or swelling and fluid build-up in the lungs and airways. Permanent damage and death may follow. According to authorities, this is the most dangerous.
He also advises people to fill gas in the appropriate container because there are some cases of gasoline exposure to toddlers.
If you or someone you know has been exposed to gasoline, you can call the Blue Ridge Poison Center and a trained healthcare provider will tell you how you should proceed. The center can be reached at 800-222-1222 or 800-451-1428. All calls are confidential.
About the Author:
Jazmine Otey joined the 10 News team in February 2021. |
Development Training
What is it?
Development workshops are a way to acquire new skills by the members of an organisation by solving real problems with the assistance of a trainer. They are run in the form of individual or group meetings organised around a specific business goal. The trainer moderates and facilitates the advancement of the workshop, identifying obstacles and proposing tools to support the achievement of a goal. Such a learning-in-action process results in developing new effective behaviours, reaching a decision and determining an action plan.
Supportive models:
Transforming Communication
Nonviolent Communication
Communication tailored to others’ behavioural profiles
Conflict resolution
Feedforward – negative and positive feedback
What is the problem in your organization?
Does the organizational culture eat strategy for breakfast?
(silos; avoiding direct discussions; hundreds of e-mails; sweeping under the carpet; empty talk; resistance to succession planning; ineffective meetings),
How do you know that you communicate effectively?
(expressive and sensitive types; what do want these, who say nothing; someone is dominating the meeting; political correctness)
What are people afraid of in your organization?
(succession; new team member; new boss; sharing one’s knowledge; tough targets, deadlines; personal conflict; dismissal)
What is the effect of providing feedback?
(de-motivation for further work; worsening of the relationship; resistance; ignorance…)
What rules paralyse change?
(we’ve already tried; we don’t have money; we can’t do this; we are too small a company, we don’t have the right people…)
Development workshops provide support adapted to a specific situation; a resolution thanks to acting here and now.
We learn the most while acting.
The experience gained during the workshop learning process allows to explore and exceed the limits of one’s own capabilities and roles, and in result leaves behind a lasting value in the form of new skills. |
Comparing and contrasting the south vs the north
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A rose for emily new south vs old south
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The Birth of Moses and the Power of God
When the midwives refused to be part of Pharaoh’s genocide (Exodus 1:15ff), the wickedness escalated. A new policy was instituted requiring all male babies born to be thrown into the Nile. Where surviving birth had meant life, it now meant death.
We can only imagine the sadness and despair that fell upon the Hebrew community. It had to lower the birth rate (which is what Pharaoh was after), since the edict meant that for a young couple there was a fifty percent chance that the government would try to kill their baby. Who would want to have a child under those circumstances?
The answer is a man named Amram and his wife, Jochebed. In the compressed account of Exodus 2 (which covers eighty years in twenty-five verses), we’re given only the scantest details and the rest is left up to our imagination. For example, did they try to hide the fact that Jochebed was pregnant? That would be the easiest way to keep a baby safe after its birth. We’ve all heard of this happening but it usually involves layers of bulky clothes which would have been difficult given Egypt’s climate.
What we do know is that this family of four (Miriam and Aaron were the older siblings), were co-conspirators in hiding Moses for the first three months of his life (v.2). This had to literally be a 24/7 endeavor. Whenever he cried, someone would have to be there immediately or else the authorities would soon be at their doorstep inquiring about the gender of the baby. How long can a family live in a situation like this? Apparently about three months. By then, fatigue, lung strength, diaper accumulation, and who knows what else reach critical mass.
It’s probably worth mentioning at this juncture that the writer of Hebrews speaks of the actions of Jochebed and Amram being “by faith,” (11:23). In the context of that chapter, “by faith,” often involves communication from God (v. 7,8,9,11,17, etc.). Not only is it not unreasonable to assume this happened, I think it helps us to make better sense of the narrative. For example, we’re told by three different writers (Moses, Luke, and the Hebrew writer), that Jochebed and Amram saw Moses was a “fine” child (Exodus) or “no ordinary” child (Acts & Hebrews). What does that mean? Doesn’t every parent think their wrinkled, cone-headed baby is no ordinary child? It’s my understanding that God spoke to Amram and Jochebed in something of the manner that He would later speak to Joseph and Mary. Like Jesus, Moses is going to be the deliverer of his people. I think this was made known to them (see Acts 7:25), along with how they were to conceal him. Additionally, I think there was to be something special about Moses’ appearance that would serve as a sign confirming everything to them. This would explain the emphasis the writers place on his features.
While the Hebrew writer’s pronouncement of faith is given in reference to the initial hiding of Moses during his first three months, that doesn’t exclude us from understanding the remainder of what happens as being divinely guided to the same degree. Jochebed places her baby (according to the Hebrew), in an “ark.” This not only suggests that Moses will be Israel’s Noah and lead them out of their oppression and into a new world, but is a nice foreshadowing of events as any reader of Genesis would know–no one dies in an ark.
Per Pharaoh’s command, Moses is “tossed” into the Nile. Actually he is left in the reeds at a place the princess frequented. As others have pointed out, this location would be known and cordoned off to the public during such occasions. Thus, Jochebed placing Moses there some time prior to the princess’ arrival is as sound of a strategy as leaving Miriam behind to make sure things go according to plan is. Still, everything hinges on the tender heart of an Egyptian princess. Who could have known that? The best answer is God. And isn’t it marvelous that in a palace where a young girl was regularly exposed to the hate filled rantings of her father, her heart remained sensitive and caring? God was at work in the palace long before Moses arrived!
For good measure, God has Pharaoh give Jochebed a government job taking care of her own son. His massive murder campaign is a total failure. The only baby he really needed to kill was the one he bounced on his knee every night (McGuiggan). The most powerful man in Egypt was made to be God’s servant and work His purposes. “By faith” we understand He’s still working His purposes today.
Published by A Taste of Grace with Bruce Green
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Newport is a seaside city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island. It is located in Narragansett Bay, approximately 33 miles southeast of Providence, 20 miles south of Fall River, Massachusetts, 74 miles south of Boston, and 180 miles northeast of New York City. It is known as a New England summer resort and is famous for its historic mansions and its rich sailing history. It was the location of the first U.S. Open tournaments in both tennis and golf, as well as every challenge to the America's Cup between 1930 and 1983. It is also the home of Salve Regina University and Naval Station Newport, which houses the United States Naval War College, the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, and an important Navy training center. It was a major 18th-century port city and boasts many buildings from the Colonial era.
The city is the county seat of Newport County, which has no governmental functions other than court administrative and sheriff corrections boundaries. It was known for being the location of the "Summer White Houses" during the administrations of Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy. The population is 25,163 as of the 2020 census.
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Confidence: Maybe We’re Born with It; Maybe Not
Brain training may lead to boosted confidence, study suggests.
“Confidence is key,” or so the saying goes. Whether you’re making a pitch to a room full of investors, keying yourself up for a big sporting event, or getting ready for an interview, self-confidence plays a big role. It can be the difference between acing and flubbing the task ahead of you.
So what is self-confidence, exactly? In the broadest sense, it’s the term we use for “a person’s perceived capability to accomplish a certain level of performance.” Basically, it’s how strongly we feel we can succeed in a given task, from getting a good grade on a test to talking to a cute stranger at a bar.
Low self-confidence has been shown to contribute to several negative outcomes, including shyness, social anxiety, and communication problems, which can affect everything from your relationships with friends and romantic partners to whether or not you receive a promotion at your job. What’s more, studies suggest that low self-confidence may predict your risk for mental health issues like depression and bipolar disorder. It can also complicate existing mental health problems by making you feel like you don’t have what it takes to get better.
So, is there any way to upgrade our self-confidence? And what, exactly, does self-confidence look like in our brains?
These queries piqued the interest of Dr. Mitsuo Kawato, Director of the Computational Neuroscience Laboratories at ATR, Kyoto. He was one of the authors of a recent research study that used brain training, brain imaging, and artificial intelligence (a process called decoded neurofeedback) to try and answer the question “How is confidence represented in the brain?” Results obtained from the study indicated that self-confidence is associated with specific patterns of brain activity, and that it may be possible to alter and improve an individual’s self-confidence by reinforcing those patterns.
In the study, participants entered a brain scanner that continuously monitored their brain activity. They were asked to perform a simple perceptual task — reporting whether or not they thought a group of dots displayed on a screen was moving to the left or to the right — and were also asked to rate how confident they felt about their response.
The researchers then used an artificial intelligence system and “rigorous psychophysics” to identify the pattern of brain activity present when a participant reported feeling highly confident in their choice.
Next, the participants were asked to do a new task: try to change their brain activity to enlarge a disk presented on a screen…with no further instructions!
Whenever the brain scanner detected the “high confidence” pattern of activity in the participant’s brain, the participant was rewarded with a small monetary gift — and the disk got bigger. The participants, meanwhile, had no idea that their “high confidence” brain activity was what was getting them the cash! (You might remember this technique from our article about brain training emotions, where researchers used a similar method to influence people’s reactions to faces.)
At the end of the study, participants were once again asked to rate their self-confidence when it came to the perceptual task — and they consistently reported that their confidence levels were higher.
What’s particularly interesting about this finding is that while the participants showed an improved level of confidence, their actual performance on the task remained the same. So even though their abilities weren’t improving, participants felt more confident about them.
The study was small — only seventeen people — but provides us with new insight into the mechanics of self-confidence. Two important takeaways? Self-confidence may be improved with little to no conscious effort on the part of the individual, and how much self-confidence someone reports doesn’t necessarily reflect their objective performance.
While more research is needed to bolster these findings, the researchers are already working to develop a clinical application for patients who have psychiatric conditions.
With all the pitfalls associated with low self-confidence, the potential impact of brain-training higher confidence is enormous — and scientists are only just getting started.
Cara Neel |
Last Updated: June 3, 2019
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General JavaScript Beginner
How to Find Ideas for Good Practice Projects
Nothing is more discouraging than having spent months of effort learning JavaScript, reading dozens of articles and books, grinding through countless lessons and tutorials, only to have no idea how to do any of it by yourself.
It turns out that those courses you took didn't completely prepare you to be a JavaScript Developer. You need some practice projects, but how do you find ideas that would be good to work on?
Step 0: What makes a good practice project?
Practice projects aren't like regular projects. Regular projects are meant to be useful and solve some kind of problem. Practice projects are only there to help you learn, so you can't treat them the same way.
This can seem weird. What's wrong with working on a larger project when you're learning? Why do you have to throw it out? So you don't get distracted.
By keeping the project small, and resolving to throw it away when you're done, it stops you from worrying about details that don't matter. Instead of worrying about how to configure build tools, whether to use a framework or if your code is pretty enough, you can focus on the task that you set out to achieve.
Step 1: Finding an Idea
The first step to finding an idea for a practice project is to choose what it is you want to learn. The most important thing here is that the more specific you are, the easier it is going to be.
Consider "I want to learn to write a web app" versus "I want to learn how to get data from a server". The latter provides direction and will make it a whole lot easier to choose a project idea.
Method 1: Use the obvious
Occasionally, there is a simple way to approach things. Sorting algorithms sort things. A good project for learning sorting algorithms, therefore, is to write an app that sorts a list.
When you're reading it here, it seems obvious to the point of stupid, but in practice, it's surprisingly easy to overlook the straightforward ideas.
Method 2: Copy a part of another app
If you pick absolutely any application, chances are it's built up of multiple smaller pieces that can be used as great practice projects.
The trick here is to pick one tiny part of the application. Rather than trying to recreate all of Twitter, take your learning goal and look around Twitter to find pieces that fit.
In our example of learning how to fetch data from a server, you might decide that you want to build a rudimentary tweet stream. If you're practising your CSS styling, you might replicate the look of a single tweet.
Method 3: Copy real life
The real world is full of ideas that can be translated into code. Board games and other technology around you can make great projects.
In general, these projects will often be more complicated than I would suggest, so I don't recommend them for beginners. Real life ideas can be the best way to practice high-level concepts, like Object Oriented design.
The thing to remember here is that there are plenty of opportunities for project ideas outside of building Chess, you just have to look for them - Kate Beard built a morse code chat , and a hello kitty calculator.
Running with this idea, you could build a website that is a working version of your bedside clock or a wall clock. Seriously. Just look around. Potential projects are everywhere.
Method 4: Be silly
Truth be told, this is my favourite way of thinking up practice projects: when you can't think up a serious project, the best thing to do is to get stupid. The goal here is to take your learning goal and be as ridiculous, annoying, or deliberately bad as you be - with bonus points for creativity.
If you're learning to use event listeners have content that fades out as soon as it scrolls into view, make an image chase the mouse or play a fart sound any time the user clicks. I once built a Java app that would play a song and open two more windows each time you tried to close it.
Building deliberately bad examples can be an excellent (and enjoyable) way of exploring a technology - and the results are fun.
Method 5: Revisit old projects
You know how I said you had to throw these away? That doesn't mean you have to forget about it. Similarly, just because you've made it before doesn't mean you don't have anything to learn by making it again.
When looking at old ideas, you want to ask two questions:
1. Can you improve it by doing things differently?
2. Can you extend it by adding new features?
Repeating a project, and improving it can be an excellent way to practice the same skills you were trying to learn the first time - this is useful with high-level concepts that are never really 'done', like Object-Oriented designs.
Extending an old project can be a great way to practice different skills than the original project. For instance, if I built a chess game, I could make a load/save feature or create a prettier board.
Step 2: Cut it down
Once you have an idea, the next step is to remove as many details as possible and try to build the smallest possible version of your idea - kind of like an MVP.
The primary purpose of a practice project is to help you learn. If you're spending 2 hours tweaking CSS so that everything looks nice, you are wasting a lot of energy that isn't going to help you on your quest to get data from a server.
Every time you set out to work on something that isn't your primary learning goal, you need to be asking yourself a question: Is there a simpler way to do this?
The truth of these extra details is that you probably don't need them - so you shouldn't build them. Once you have the original project done, there will be a time in the future to come back and add these extra details (see Method 5).
Step 3: Don't take it seriously
When choosing a project idea, don't take the decision too seriously. Your number one goal is to keep these projects small - they don't take much time. You can afford to choose an idea that seems stupid or over-simple.
Rather than trying to choose the best project idea, choose whatever idea you have right now. There'll be plenty of time for other projects in the future, so you don't need to be selective.
Above all, get out there and build. 😀
Can't get past JavaScript Tutorials?
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Ethan Kross | Emotional Intelligence
Why we love it: We all have an inner voice that can make us anxious or calm us down, erode our confidence or give us courage. In Chatter, psychologist Ethan Kross draws on the latest research to help us understand and manage our self-talk.
From page 29:
Chatter in the form of repetitive anxious thought is a marvelous saboteur when it comes to focused tasks. Countless studies reveal its debilitating effects. It leads students to perform worse on tests, produces stage fright and a tendency to catastrophize among artistic performers, and undermines negotiations in business. One study found, for instance, that anxiety led people to make low initial offers, exit discussions early, and earn less money. This is a very nice way of saying they failed at their jobs—because of chatter.
On any given day, the keel of our inner voice can be thrown askew by an infinite number of things. When this happens, we have trouble focusing our minds to address the inevitable daily challenges we face, which often produces still more turbulence in our inner dialogues. Quite naturally, when we’re floundering like this, we look for a way out of our predicament. So, what exactly do we do? |
From an early age we have been told to count our blessings. To be thankful for what we have. To be grateful for what we are given. Maybe your parents told you that there were “kids starving in Africa” when you didn’t want to eat what was on your plate. I know it sounds crazy, but that’s really a statement of teaching gratitude.
Gratitude helps us put things into perspective.
It becomes a silver lining.
We all go through the seasons of life. Some seasons are filled with joy and happiness. Others are filled with stress and anxiety. But regardless of what season we are in, our mindset controls how we will show up in the moment.
Thinking of what we are grateful for literally changes how our brains and bodies function. Everything is tied together. Our thoughts will influence our feelings. Our feelings will influence our hormones. And our hormones will influence our physiology.
I don’t want to dive too deep into the neuroscience here, but trust me, your thoughts are powerful things.
So, when we think about what we are grateful for, it starts a chain reaction in our brain. Therefore, a mindset of gratitude can influence the parts of the brain involved in reward, positive social interactions, and empathy.
Gratitude can build a buffer that will help you cope with difficult times. The research has shown that it will lower the feelings of stress and anxiety.
This is why gratitude works as an antidepressant. As I mentioned about with our feelings, gratitude will trigger the release of neurochemicals in the brain. Dopamine, serotonin, and oxytocin all will have a calming and positive effect on our bodies.
This doesn’t mean that if we think happy thoughts everything will be rainbows and unicorns.
Difficult situations are part of life. Gratitude just helps us work through those times without feeling as stressed, overwhelmed, and frustrated as we may otherwise feel.
As a bonus, gratitude can also help us be more successful.
The field of positive psychology has found that our brains work best when they are in a positive and optimistic state. Yes, we become more successful in all walks of life when we are happier and more positive. If you want to dive deeper into this, I recommend you read the book The Happiness Advantage by Shawn Anchor. Shawn is known as the “happiness guy” and he explains in detail the WHY behind the connection between happiness and success.
So what next?
I recommend bookending you day with gratitude. Start you day with as little as 5 minutes thinking of what you are grateful for. Every morning I have an alarm on my phone go off at 6am that says, “Think of 5 things you are grateful for.” It’s my cue to stop and make gratitude a priority. It doesn’t matter if I woke up feeling like a million bucks or on the wrong side of the bed. There is so much I am thankful for.
And then at night end your day with gratitude. Think of 3 good things, no matter how small, that happened today. What this does is it causes your brain to scan for information and actively seek out positivity in your life.
And consistency is key.
The more consistent you are in thinking about gratitude, the more powerful it becomes. Just like having a salad instead of a cheeseburger won’t make a big impact on your health. Or setting aside 10% of your paycheck one month won’t make you financially free. One day of gratitude won’t have a dramatic change on your mindset.
But stick with it.
The compound effect reminds us that our outcomes lag our actions. The seeds we plant today will become the flowers of tomorrow.
To your health, |
PPP vs. People
Jennifer Truskowski Nov 1, 2007
chiapasChiapas’ abundant rivers provide about 50 percent of Mexico’s hydroelectric power. These dams provide electricity primarily to wealthy urban centers and tourist resorts, while many poor indigenous Chiapans have no electricity or must pay inflated prices. Meanwhile, hydroelectric dams flood rural communities, costing local farmers and fishermen their homes and livelihoods.
Government officials use a variety of tactics to move rural people off the land: tricking them into signing contracts they can’t read, bribing them with government programs that are meant to divide communally- owned property, forcing small farmers to compete against heavily subsidized exports from U.S. agribusiness or making the land uninhabitable by polluting it with other large, industrial projects. Jacking up the electric bills of people surviving on a few dollars per day further adds to the hardships that have forced millions of rural Mexicans off the land over the past 15 years.
The government’s push to dismantle Mexico’s traditionally agrarian society is rooted in the desire to privatize land and resources and to provide a larger labor pool for the country’s sweatshop factories. In southern Mexico, the government is pursuing Plan Puebla Panama (PPP), a megaproject that would include a superhighway running from Central America through Chiapas and north to the United States and overland railways across the narrow Isthmus of Tehuantepec that separates the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean. Dams, factories, mining operations, single-crop agricultural plantations and other enterprises mostly run by transnational corporations would proliferate along these transportation corridors.
While the PPP’s proponents assert that its main objective is to improve the quality of life for area inhabitants, the plan itself was developed without any prior consultation with local communities. Since the blueprint for PPP was first unveiled in 2001, hundreds of organizations and communities in Chiapas and other southern Mexican states have formed campaigns of resistance to pressure the project’s supporters to engage in more sustainable forms of development.
Illustration by Anna Gold
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What is Crop Factor?
Learning different techniques and types of photography is important. But another equally important thing is learning the technical aspects of your equipment. In this guide, we are going to discuss one of the aspects which not only confuse beginners but some experienced photographers as well. Get ready to know what is crop factor and when you should prefer crop sensor or full-frame.
Read along to understand more about it.
Understanding Crop Factor
Before moving on to the lens crop factor, it is important to understand the background behind it. If you are familiar with 35mm film, you would know that it did not matter even if you used a 50mm lens. The reason behind this is that everyone knew the difference so there was no confusion around the whole topic. But as soon as the world shifted to digital cameras, new terms like full-frame and crop sensor came into being.
However, you need not worry, we are here to explain all of the technicalities to you. When the shift to digital cameras began, it was observed by manufacturers that it would be impractical to build digital cameras the size of 35mm film. Therefore, smaller bodies were produced for them.
You might have guessed, this too started to cause a problem. Now, let’s talk about this problem and understand what is crop factor. A lens projects light onto the camera sensor in the shape of a circle. However, since the sensor is in the form of a rectangle, our images come out as rectangles as well.
The problem created was that when smaller sensors were used, they cropped off the parts of the image. This resulted in a smaller image. The effect was called as lens crop factor and the sensors are now called crop sensors. On the other hand, sensors having the same or equivalent size as 35mm are referred to as full-frame
Equivalent Focal Lengths
Another question that most photographers ask is whether crop sensors affect the focal length of the lens. The lens crop factor and the size of the sensor affect the focal length, so we get a new equivalent focal length for different cameras and lenses. However, the point to understand here is that the focal length of the lens itself, cannot be changed as it is a physical value.
The difference that comes in the focal length is due to the reason that the sensor is cropping into the image rather than changing the focal length
Photographing sunset - What is Crop Factor?
Photo edited in Lightroom.
Lens Size
Now, let us see how the lens crop factor brought a change in the lens sizes and camera systems. When the smaller cameras were made, the manufacturers noted that the edges of the image circle were not in use. So, it would be a better choice to make smaller lenses. It would not only reduce the weight of the lens by reducing the glass but would also decrease the price of the lens. This also gave rise to mirrorless cameras which use crop sensors and smaller lenses.
Full-Frame Lenses
Now that you know what is crop factor, you should also know if buying a full-frame lens would benefit you. The first thing to understand here is that most of the professional cameras, even the APS-C bodies, are compatible with full-frame lenses. It alone gives you more reason to buy a full-frame lens because you can easily shift between APS-C and a full-frame sensor.
It would also be better to get a full-frame lens if you were planning to shift from APS-C to full-frame. Many lenses are made specifically for crop sensors. However, unless they have a compatible mount, they cannot work with a full-frame camera. Therefore, the simple idea is that full-frame lenses are wider and more future-friendly than crop sensor lenses.
Photographer on a lake - What is crop sensor?
Crop Sensor Cameras
The last topic of discussion is knowing the value of crop sensor cameras. The first advantage of these cameras is that you can use both full-frame lenses and crop lenses. The second thing is that the reduced size results in a reduced price
The point that these cameras are compatible with a whole range of lenses makes them more beginner-friendly. If you are thinking about buying a crop sensor camera, it would be better if you paired it with full-frame lenses. This way you would have a safe path if you were ever to shift to a full-frame camera.
The only drawback to these cameras is that their ability to handle low-light is slightly inferior. However, you can find some exceptions to this as well.
Conclusion - What is Crop Factor?
Knowing what is crop factor and understanding all its implications will help you choose your cameras and lenses. However, do not let all these technicalities stop you from taking action. Choosing your camera and lens will ultimately depend on your preference and style of photography
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Question: What Are The 5 Roots Of Shia Islam?
What are the beliefs of Shia Islam?
Do Muslims eat fish?
Halal (حلال, halāl, halaal) is an Islamic Arabic term meaning “permissible”. Muslims have strict rules of what they can and cannot eat: … According to the Shafi’i, Maliki and Hanbali branches of Islam, all fish and shellfish would be halal.
Why do Shias only pray 3 times a day?
Shi’a Muslims have more freedom to combine certain prayers, such as the midday and afternoon prayers. Therefore they may only pray three times a day.
What are the seven pillars of Shia Islam?
Seven pillars of Isma’ilism4Walayah.Tawhid.Salah.Zakat.Sawm.Hajj.Jihad.
What is the first pillar of Islam?
Why did Islam spread so quickly?
What are the 5 roots of faith in Shia Islam?
Usul ad-Din, the five roots of religion, can also be referred to as the ‘foundation of faith’. They are: Oneness of God (Tawid) Justice of God (Adl or Adalah) Prophethood (Nubuwwah) Leadership (Imamat) Resurrection (Qayamat).
Do Shia believe in angels?
The six articles of faith – Sunni Islam Tawhid is having absolute faith in the oneness of God. … Angels (malaikah ) are important because God’s greatness means that he cannot communicate directly with humans. He therefore passed messages (Risalah) to his prophets via the angels, who were his first creation.
What’s the difference between Shia and Sunni Islam?
Sunnis also have a less elaborate religious hierarchy than Shiites have, and the two sects’ interpretation of Islam’s schools of law is different. Shiites give human beings the exalted status that is given only to prophets in the Quran, often venerating clerics as saints, whereas Sunnis do not.
Why do Shias say Ya Ali?
“Ya-Ali” (Arabic: یاعلی “O Ali”) is an indirect Shiite Muslim prayer to ask Allah for assistance by way of Ali, the first Imam of Shia Islam.
Do Muslims drink alcohol?
How many roots of religion are there in Shi’a Islam?
five rootsWithin Shi’a Islam there are five key principles. These are often referred to as the five roots of Shi’a Islam or the five roots of Usul ad-Din. Using the image of roots shows that these principles are the foundations of the faith.
What are the 6 beliefs of Sunni Islam?
Belief in the six principal articles of faith being essential for salvation for Muslims. Belief in God having created creation with His wisdom. Belief in Muhammad having been the Seal of the Prophets or the last prophet sent to mankind. Belief in the Qur’an being the eternal, uncreated Word of God.
Do Shias believe in the 5 pillars?
Why do Shias pray on a stone?
Husayn is important because of his relationship with Muhammad, and so therefore the dust from Karbala is considered to be one of the most sacred places to pray. Since there are Muslims located all over the world, Shi’ah Muslims have created small clay tablets called mohr or Turbah from the ground of Karbala. |
Historical Dictionary of Guinea
Historical Dictionary of Guinea
“The origin of the name Guinea is the subject of a long-standing debate. According to a widely accepted version, the English term Guinea comes from the Portuguese Guine, a word believed to have emerged in the mid 15th century to refer to the lands inhabited by the black African peoples below the Senegal River known by the generic term Guineus, as opposed to the Azengues or Moors, the lighter skinned Zenaga Berbers found north of the region.”
“Another version contends that the Portuguese borrowed Guineus from the Beber term Ghinawen or Aginaw or Akal n-Iguinawen, which means “black” or “land of the blacks.” Yet another account, first found in the works of Leo Africanus (1526), suggest that Guinea is derived from Jenne or Djenne, the name of the historic commercial and administrative city on the Upper Niger River. A final possibility is that it may have come from the Soso word “ginee” for “woman.”
“Guinea’s population is composed of a variety of ethnic groups. Just as in most of Africa, the present-day boundaries of Guinea were determined by colonial power with little regard to the ethnic or linguistic roots of the populations. These boundaries often divide ethnic and linguistic groups. Within the country, the four major geographic regions largely correspond to four major ethnolinguistic groups.”
“In Lower Guinea, Soso, a Manding language closely related to the Dialonke language of Middle Guinea, has largely replaced that of the Landuma, Baga, Nalu, and other West Atlantic languages once widely spoken in the coastal areas. In the Futa Jallon of Middle Guinea, Pular, the language of the Fulani people is dominant, although minor indigenous ethnic groups like the Badyaranke, Basari and Koniagui continue to maintain some traditional ways. Maninkakan, the language of the Maninka or Mandenka, is spoken in Upper Guinea and is widely used in Middle Guinea.”
“An empire that had origins along the banks of the Niger River at Gao near the present day Malian city of the same name. It first existed as a state from the 9th through the 15th centuries. Songhay became a de facto vassal state of the Mali Empire in the early 14th century. From 1335, when Sonni (meaning “savior”) Ali Kolon became king, there were 20 Sonni kings.”
“By far the most important was the next to the last, Sonni Ali Ber, who ruled from 1456 to 1492. He transformed Songhay from a small riverine state to an empire that included parts of the Mali Empire. Eleven Askiyas ruled Songhay from Askiya Mohammed’s accession to power in 1492 until the Moroccans invaded Songhay in 1591. The empire reached its greatest extent under Askiya Daoud (1549-1583) and at that time had an influence on affairs on present-day Guinea.”
Soninke (Sarakole).
“The ethnic group that constituted the basic population of the ancient empire of Ghana and to which many devout Maninka-speaking Mulsim scholarly lineages in Guinea trace their ancestry. In Upper Guinea, the term applied primarily to non-Muslim Maninka people.”
Source: Historical Dictionary of Guinea By Mohamed Saliou Camara, Thomas O’Toole, Janice E. Baker
El Aemer El Mujaddid
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GUNN Diodes MCQ’s
Electronics & Communication Engineering RF & Microwave Circuit Design
This set of RF & Microwave Circuit Design Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “GUNN Diodes”.
1. GaAs is used in the fabrication of GUNN diodes because:
a) GaAs is cost effective
b) It less temperature sensitive
c) it has low conduction band electrons
d) less forbidden energy gap
2. In a GaAs n-type specimen, the current generated is constant irrespective of the electric filed applied to the specimen.
a) true
b) false
3. Silicon and germanium are called ___________ semiconductors.
a) direct gap
b) indirect gap
c) band gap
d) indirect band gap
4. When the electric field applied to GaAs specimen is less than the threshold electric field, the current in the material:
a) increases linearly
b) decreases linearly
c) increases exponentially
d) decreases exponentially
5. GaAs is used in fabricating Gunn diode. Gunn diode is:
a) bulk device
b) sliced device
c) made of different type of semiconductor layers
d) none of the mentioned
6. When either a voltage or current is applied to the terminals of bulk solid state compound GaAs, a differential ______ is developed in that bulk device.
a) negative resistance
b) positive resistance
c) negative voltage
d) none of the mentioned
7. When the applied electric field exceeds the threshold value, electrons absorb more energy from the field and become:
a) hot electrons
b) cold electrons
c) emission electrons
d) none of the mentioned
8. The electrodes of a Gunn diode are made of:
a) molybdenum
b) GaAs
c) gold
d) copper
9. The number of modes of operation for n type GaAs is:
a) two
b) three
c) four
d) five
10. The modes of operation of a Gunn diode are illustrated in a plot of voltage applied to the Gunn diode v/s frequency of operation of Gunn diode.
a) true
b) false
11. The frequency of oscillation in Gunn diode is given by:
a) vdom/ Leff
b) Leff/ Vdom
c) Leff/ WVdom
d) none of the mentioned
12. The free electron concentration in N-type GaAs is controlled by:
a) effective doping
b) bias voltage
c) drive current
d) none of the mentioned
13. The mode of operation in which the Gunn diode is not stable is:
a) Gunn oscillation mode
b) limited space charge accumulation mode
c) stable amplification mode
d) bias circuit oscillation mode
14. In Gunn diode oscillator, the Gunn diode is inserted into a waveguide cavity formed by a short circuit termination at one end
a) true
b) false
15. In a Gunn diode oscillator, the electron drift velocity was found to be 107 cm/second and the effective length is 20 microns, then the intrinsic frequency is:
a) 5 GHz
b) 6 GHz
c) 4 GHz
d) 2 GHz
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|
What does growth hormone do in adults?
Growth hormone plays a role in healthy muscle, how our bodies collect fat (especially around the stomach area), the ratio of high density to low density lipoproteins in our cholesterol levels and bone density. In addition, growth hormone is needed for normal brain function.
What are the benefits of taking growth hormone?
Studies of healthy adults taking human growth hormone are limited and contradictory. Although it appears that human growth hormone can increase muscle mass and reduce the amount of body fat in healthy older adults, the increase in muscle doesn’t translate into increased strength.
Does growth hormone make you bigger?
How does growth hormone make you feel?
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What is a major function of growth hormone?
Growth hormone-releasing hormone is a hormone produced in the hypothalamus. The main role of growth hormone-releasing hormone is to stimulate the pituitary gland to produce and release growth hormone into the bloodstream. This then acts on virtually every tissue of the body to control metabolism and growth.
How long does it take HGH to work?
What To Expect With Growth Hormone Treatment. The main thing to expect is growth! Although it takes about 3 to 6 months to realize any height differences, the important thing is that your child will grow — probably 1 to 2 inches within the first 6 months of starting treatment.
Is HGH bad for your heart?
Moreover, GH excess and/or deficiency have been shown to include in their advanced clinical manifestations almost always an impaired cardiac function, which may reduce life expectancy.
Does HGH cause hair loss?
Additionally, those patients with skin burns or wounds start healing immediately growth hormone therapy is introduced in the body. HGH is vital in the growth of human hair and old age is associated with hair going gray and thin due to the low levels of HGH.
How Much Does Growth Hormone cost?
One study of 128 children treated at a single clinic with a slightly higher dose of growth hormone saw height gains in the range of about 3 to 4 1/2 inches. But that growth definitely comes at a cost. The price of treatment ranges from $10,000 to $60,000 annually.
How much HGH do bodybuilders take?
HGH Dosages For Bodybuilding
Athletes need significantly more HGH. Depending on your targets, you can go for one of two options: 4-8 IU for body recomposition, general fat loss, and muscle improvement; Up to 15 IU for extreme muscle growth and strength gains.
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What happens when you stop taking HGH?
After a user discontinues steroids, loss of muscle size and, to some degree, strength, is often reported. Size and strength gains made during use of hGH are permanent.
How much HGH should I inject?
Adults weighing 99 to 121 pounds (45 to 55 kg)—5 mg injected under the skin once a day at bedtime. Adults weighing 77 to 98 pounds (35 to 44 kg)—4 mg injected under the skin once a day at bedtime. Adults weighing less than 77 pounds (35 kg)—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor.
What foods increase HGH?
These include foods like eggs, fish, mustard seeds, tomatoes, nuts, grapes, raspberries and pomegranate. Another study found that a tryptophan-rich meal, combined with exposure to bright light outdoors during the day, significantly boosted HGH levels. Tryptophan-rich foods include eggs, milk, grains, beans and meat.
Does HGH damage your liver?
HGH prompts the liver and other organs to make IGF-1, which affects many tissues and organs in the body. Studies usually measure IGF-1 rather than growth hormone directly because IGF-1 levels remain more constant.
Does HGH cause weight gain?
How do you release growth hormones?
1. Lose body fat. …
2. Fast intermittently. …
3. Try an arginine supplement. …
4. Reduce your sugar intake. …
5. Don’t eat a lot before bedtime. …
6. Take a GABA supplement. …
7. Exercise at a high intensity. …
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Intelligent Design Medicine Mind Neuroscience
Michael Egnor: What would happen to your soul if your head were transplanted?
Spread the love
Specifically, Egnor asks, if your head were transplanted, would your soul
go with it? Because a human head transplant would induce quadriplegia, many of the philosophical questions are currently theoretical — but fascinating nonetheless:
Head transplantation has not been done on humans. Not because it wouldn’t work — it would be technically easier on humans than on monkeys because humans are bigger so things would be easier to sew. It has not been done on humans because, in order to transplant a head, you must cut the spinal cord, which causes permanent paralysis. Head transplantation causes quadriplegia. There is no real medical benefit in creating a quadriplegic patient — it might preserve life but at the expense of total paralysis. This question occasionally arises in neurosurgery in a different context. The consensus is that deliberate imposition of a catastrophic neurological disability is unacceptable, even if it may save life. With rare exceptions, we don’t deliberately make people blind or paralyzed or comatose, even to prolong life.
An ethical case for head transplantation could be made in the case of an already quadriplegic patient who had multiple organ failure and who would die otherwise. This is a rare scenario.
Head transplantation is interesting from a metaphysical perspective. It’s a question that would have interested Dr. Frankenstein: Imagine that spinal cord repair were feasible and patients would not be rendered paralyzed. If heads were successfully switched, where would the souls end up? Is the soul in the brain, in the body, in both, or in neither? Two people would still exist after switching heads. But who would be who? Where would the souls go — with the brains or with the bodies?
As with so many metaphysical questions about the mind-body relationship, we need first to understand the meaning of the words we use.
Michael Egnor, “Are head transplants soul transplants?” at Mind Matters News
You may also wish to read: Your soul has no “Off” switch It’s an intriguing and important question and you may be surprised by some of the answers. (Michael Egnor)
7 Replies to “Michael Egnor: What would happen to your soul if your head were transplanted?
1. 1
bornagain77 says:
Dr. Egnor mentions that, “We face this question today with organ transplants. I have a family friend who has had a heart transplant. Is her new heart hers or is it the heart of the young man from whom it was harvested?”
In regards to that question, and to the overarching question of “What Would Happen To Your Soul If Your Head Were Transplanted?”, here are some interesting testimonials from organ transplant recipients,
Memory transference in organ transplant recipients – April 2011
Case 2: a foundry worker develops a taste for classical music
Case 4: the gender transplant
The donor’s mother reported:
The recipient reported:
The recipient’s brother reported:
Case 5: a catering manager develops artistic talent.
Case 6: the living heart transplant
Cases independently investigated in Europe
General discussion
And here is a 2019 study that goes so far as to try to identify the mechanism,
Personality Changes Following Heart Transplantation: The Role of Cellular Memory – 2019
Excerpt: Personality changes following heart transplantation, which have been reported for decades, include accounts of recipients acquiring the personality characteristics of their donor. Four categories of personality changes are discussed in this article: (1) changes in preferences, (2) alterations in emotions/temperament, (3) modifications of identity, and (4) memories from the donor’s life. The acquisition of donor personality characteristics by recipients following heart transplantation is hypothesized to occur via the transfer of cellular memory, and four types of cellular memory are presented: (1) epigenetic memory, (2) DNA memory, (3) RNA memory, and (4) protein memory. Other possibilities, such as the transfer of memory via intracardiac neurological memory and energetic memory, are discussed as well. Implications for the future of heart transplantation are explored including the importance of reexamining our current definition of death, studying how the transfer of memories might affect the integration of a donated heart, determining whether memories can be transferred via the transplantation of other organs, and investigating which types of information can be transferred via heart transplantation. Further research is recommended. (PDF available)
And here are testimonies from the PDF of the preceding study:
Another example comes from a 47-year-old male recipient who experienced a change in his reaction to food following transplantation. The donor was a 14-year-old gymnast who often skipped meals and would sometimes purge. The recipient explained: “. . . there’s something about food. I don’t know what it is. I get hungry, but after I eat, I often feel nauseated and that it would help if I could throw up” [24, p. 69].,,,
In a study by Bunzel and colleagues, a 45-year-old recipient who received the heart of a 17- year-old boy reported: “I love to put on earphones and play loud music, something I never did before. . .” [20, p. 254].,,,
Another example comes from an 18-year-old girl who received the heart of an 18-year-old boy killed in a motor vehicle accident. She described, “I could never play before, but after my transplant, I began to love music. I felt it in my heart. My heart had to play” [24, p. 66]. The donor was a musician who played the guitar.,,,
a 25-year-old male graduate student who received the heart of a 24-year-old female landscape artist developed an interest in art following transplantation surgery. The recipient’s girlfriend described: “. . . he loves to go to museums. He would never, absolutely never do that. Now he would go every week. Sometimes he stands for minutes and looks at a painting without talking. He loves landscapes and just stares. Sometimes I just leave him there and come back later” [24, p. 68].
A 48-year-old female dancer who received the heart of an 18-year-old male killed in a motorcycle accident found her preference for colors changed following her ransplant: “I used to be drawn toward hot colors – red, pink, and gold. I had never liked blue or green and had rarely worn them, but ever since the transplant I’ve been attracted to these cooler colors, especially deep forest green. . . most men stay away from hot colors, as I now do” [25, p. 194-195].
Some recipients develop aversions after obtaining a new heart. For example, a 5-year-old boy received the heart of a 3-year-old boy but was not told the age or cause of his donor’s death. Still, he offered the following description of his donor following surgery: “He’s just a little kid. He’s a little brother like about half my age. He got hurt bad when he fell down. He likes Power Rangers a lot I think, just like I used to. I don’t like them anymore though” [24, p. 70]. The donor died after falling from an apartment window while trying to reach a Power Ranger toy that had fallen on the ledge of the window. After receiving his new heart, the recipient would not touch Power Rangers [24].
Another example comes from a 9-year-old boy who received the heart of a 3- year-old girl who drowned in the family pool. Although the recipient had no knowledge of his donor or how she died, he developed an aversion to water following his transplant. His mother explained, “Jimmy is now deathly afraid of the water. He loved it before. We live on a lake and he won’t go out in the backyard. He keeps closing and locking the back door walls. He says he’s afraid of the water and doesn’t know why” [24, p. 69].,,,
Changes in emotions
A 9-year-old boy who received the heart of a 3-year-old girl described experiencing emotions that he attributed to his donor: “She seems very sad. She is very afraid. I tell her it’s okay, but she is very afraid. She says she wishes that parents wouldn’t throw away their children. I don’t know why she would say that” (24, p. 69).
The recipient’s mother explained: “He (the recipient) doesn’t know who his donor was or how she died. We do. She drowned at her mother’s boyfriend’s house. Her mother and her boyfriend left her with a teenage babysitter who was on the phone when it happened. I never met her father, but the mother said they had a very ugly divorce and that the father never saw his daughter. She said she had worked a lot of hours and said she wished she had spent more time with her [24, p. 69].
Changes in temperament
Some recipients describe changes in temperament after receiving a new heart. For example, one recipient stated, “The new heart has changed me. . . the person whose heart I got was a calm person, not hectic, and his feelings have been passed on to me now” [20, p. 254].
Changes in identity
Changes in personal identity are perhaps the most studied type of personality change following heart transplantation. Examples include a 19-year-old woman who received the heart of another woman. The recipient described her donor as follows: “I think of her as my sister. I think we must have been sisters in a former life. I only know my donor was a girl my age, but it’s more than that. I talk to her at night or when I’m sad. I feel her answering me. I can feel it in my chest. I put my left hand there and press it with my right. It’s like I can connect with her” [24, p. 70].
A 5-year-old boy, who was never told the age or name of his donor, related: “I gave the boy a name. He’s younger than me and I call him Timmy. He’s just a little kid. He’s a little brother like about half my age. He got hurt bad when he fell down [24, p. 70]. The donor was a 3-year-old boy who died after falling from a window. His name was Thomas, but his family called him Timmy [24, p. 70].
Some individuals have dreams or memories of their donor’s identity. For example, a 48-year-old female recipient wrote about a dream she had 5 months after her transplant: “It’s a warm summer day. I’m standing in an open, outside place, a grassy field. With me is a young man who is tall, thin and wiry, with sandy colored hair. His name is Tim, and I think his last name may be Leighton, but I’m not sure. I think of him as Tim L.” [25, p. 5].
Later, she learned her donor was an 18-year-old man named Tim Lamirande. This same woman later started a support group for heart transplant recipients and every member of the group described experiencing a shift in personal identity following transplantation surgery: “. . . all of us had some sense after the transplant that we were not alone. And each of us had at some point spontaneously experienced our new heart as an “other” with whom some form of communication was taking place. . . To a greater or lesser extent, each of us saw the new heart within us as representing a separate being” [25, p. 136].,,,
Now as a Christian Theist who believes in an immaterial mind and in an immaterial soul, (as well as believing that we have “a heart”), the preceding makes fairly good sense to me. But I simply don’t see how materialists, who don’t even believe in a immaterial mind, much less believing in an immaterial soul, (or ‘a heart’), can make any sense out of such testimonies.,,, Materialists simply have no way to explain such things in their worldview. Things like this are simply not suppose to happen in their worldview.
Matthew 22:37
2. 2
doubter says:
What happens to the soul? An interesting question. According to the interactive dualism hypothesis, in physical life the soul experiences the physical world, manifests in the physical, through intricately interpenetrating the brain and to a lesser extent the body. The experiences of NDEers seem to bear this out in their experiences of leaving the physical body and then returning. If this model is correct, then after head transplantation, the soul probably would remain embedded in the old head/brain and take up residence in the new body and be a complete human being if the spinal cord connections were somehow medically restored. The soul of the former individual who contributed the body would go on to better things. Or, possibly, this high medical tech intervention would be judged by the powers-that-be to be far too unnatural to the human condition to be allowed to stand, and the procedure would be forced always to fail.
Another possibility would be that the resident soul of the contributed body and sacrificed head would obstinately refuse to give up its residency, and there even might be a conflict where the soul of the dying recipient battles to prevent the soul of the contributed body from taking over his former brain. Bizarre possibilities.
3. 3
chuckdarwin says:
I just put a rebuilt tranny in my Jeep, so is my Jeep still my Jeep, or the original transmission owner’s Jeep, or is it both our’s, or, or, ????? I’m just so very confused……
4. 4
bornagain77 says:
Chuckdarwin states, “I’m just so very confused……”
Now if the real Charles Darwin would have just honestly admitted that too, then we could have spared ourselves 160 years of scientific confusion.
5. 5
ET says:
So a tranny is equal to a brain, really? Wow
6. 6
AaronS1978 says:
@ chuckdarwin so how does a transmission equate to a living organism?
Even if you take a biological reductionistic approach, you cannot make that parallel as each of those body parts are composed of cellular organisms that have their own DNA , their own life cycles, and their own biological make up. Technically no part of us as we are belong to us. As in Ed Yong’s book we are composed of multitudes.
The only thing that’s confused here is your asinine parallel in an attempt to be clever
which it wasn’t
Like it honestly wasn’t
You’re atheistic skepticism is annoying and miss placed and furthered no part of the discussion other than you jerking off to your own personality thinking you were clever
So obviously you are truly a Darwinist because you had to mark your territory like a dumb chimpanzee
7. 7
EDTA says:
>”During intimate moments, Fred would call his wife “Sandy”, much to the consternation of his wife Karen.”
Yeah, that never goes well, does it? 😎
(Full disclosure: I do NOT know that from personal experience.)
>”After receiving his new heart, the recipient would not touch Power Rangers [24].”
Given how the child sadly died, there was not enough time for such a memory to lodge in the cells/DNA/proteins/etc. of the body, in order for the information to be transferred through the physical heart. Very interesting! Thanks for sharing those incidents.
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Language Research based on School Education and Innate Language Abilities
How come that so many people are not able to speak a foreign language after graduating from school? This is the most usual question so far, but no one has given a proper answer yet. Is it so hard to pick up basic linguistic knowledge? Maybe the educational program and school methods are to blame. Are well-educated mentors and their efforts not enough to encourage students to learn? The question is ”Are we even able to indicate the problem related to this mystery?”.
After running some research and conducting a survey, the problem seems much more profound than it is supposed to be. First of all, we may pay attention to the fact that respondents in the survey aren’t able to choose only one or two factors responsible for this issue. In some parts of the questionnaire, ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answers weren’t enough to understand the subject, but they showed how voluminous the issue is.
What are the results of this research?
Learning a foreign language is usually a big challenge – it can take several years indeed. Despite many years of effort, it may turn out that you are still unable to communicate with other people in a foreign language. The reasons for this may be, among others: certain internal language barriers, methods, educational techniques not suited to individual needs or predispositions, insufficient motivation on the part of mentors, unsatisfactory educational programs, or unsatisfactory teaching methods. To obtain opinions on the above-mentioned issues, we conducted an anonymous questionnaire in which we received 44 answers to each question asked.
Our first question was: “Do you think that the knowledge you received in primary school about foreign languages has enriched your linguistic skills?” As many as 56.8% claim that the knowledge of foreign languages passed on to them in primary school did not enrich language skills sufficiently, and 22.7% selected the option “No”. From this, we can conclude the percentage of people who are not satisfied or not satisfied enough is as high as 79.5%.
Another aspect analyzed for the respondents to our questionnaire is the satisfaction with the method of teaching foreign languages in schools – the big majority (90.9%) answered they were not satisfied. In connection with this disproportion, it is worth analyzing the answers to the question, “Do you think that private lessons are more effective than teaching foreign languages in schools?” Here, we can also notice a vast predominance of one answer – 93.2% of respondents believe that private lessons are more effective than schools. It is known; however, that private English lessons are paid (if they are not financed, for example, from the public budget), so not everyone can afford this type of education.
Who is to blame?
The last question provides paramount knowledge based on the conducted research but was only mentioned to give a clearer view of the received information. “What do you think is the cause of poor language skills?”. The poor program of studies plus the lack of motivational technics used by linguistic mentors was the answer of almost half of the people (43,2%). Other 29,5% believe the educational program has visible deficiencies and is not working successfully for everyone.
Do I need to be motivated? Do I need any tools to improve the results of gaining this knowledge?
Well, the question is as simple as the answer. Motivation is a paramount factor in the whole process, which is simply called ”learning”. Without motivation, we aren’t even able to leave the bed so how can we learn a foreign language without it?
When it comes to useful tools, we should pay attention to polyglots’ recommendations. As we know, various ways are helping with the whole educational process but unfortunately, not every method was created to learn languages. Besides, not every method will work for you, as we all have different expectations and brains. For some, flashcards are successful enough, while for others, memory maps will work even better.
Klaudia Matera and Patrycja Oleś.
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From Intellivision Wiki
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Instruction NameNegate Register
CP1610 Clock Cycles6
Opcode Range$0020-$0027
Input FlagsNone
Output FlagsSign Flag, Zero Flag, Overflow Flag, Carry Flag
The Negate Register (NEGR) instruction creates a 2s complement of the value in the specified register, stores the result in the same register, and sets or clears the Sign Flag, Zero Flag, Overflow Flag, and Carry Flag according to the results. The machine computes the 2s complement by inverting the number (e.g. XOR it with $FFFF) and then adding one (1) to the result ((value^$FFFF)+1). Negating 0, for instance, sets the Carry Flag.
where: rrr indicates the target register such that: rrr == 000 indicates register R0 rrr == 001 indicates register R1 rrr == 010 indicates register R2 rrr == 011 indicates register R3 rrr == 100 indicates register R4 rrr == 101 indicates register R5 rrr == 110 indicates register R6 rrr == 111 indicates register R7 |
Springtails are kinda cute?
Springtails look like busy little cartoon aliens and I’m here for it. Look at those miniature ones interacting with each other. What is going on over there?
Bec Crew
Bec Crew
By Bec Crew September 13, 2021 Reading Time: 2 Minutes Print this page
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Springtails form a large group of six-legged creatures called Collembola that are decidedly not insects. They share common features with insects, such as a head, a thorax and an abdomen, but they don’t have wings and they have softer bodies than insects and hidden mouthparts.
Springtails are named for the specialised organ that sits under their abdomen, which is held in place by tiny hooks. When released, the organ pushes on the ground and launches the springtail into the air.
Springtails can be found in all kinds of environments, from leaf litter, soil and sand to inside caves and termite mounds. They’re found all over the world, including throughout Australia, and they come in many different forms, sizes and colours.
There’s the Acanthanura springtail, for example, which can be found in Tasmania. At 9mm long, it’s pretty huge for a springtail – many other species are just 1 or 2 mm long. It also looks like a cross between the jellybean caterpillar and the trilobite beetle:
Other forms include the Adelphoderia springtail, which is also found in Tasmania and the south-easternmost corner of the Australian mainland and looks like a flea, and the Entomobrya springtail, which is a slender-bodied species that was introduced to Australia and has become an agricultural pest. (And it’s not the only one.)
Perhaps the cutest springtails are the water springtails. Here’s a photo of two different species, (Sminthurides aquaticus) and (Podura aquatica), hanging out together near a creek:
(Image credit: Mirko Graul/hhutterstock.com)
Sminthurides aquaticus are the cartoon aliens we met earlier, and Podura aquatica are the ones that look like slaters. Just look at them as babies:
What’s fun about springtails is that the males are significantly smaller than the females, which means those ones that look like babies in the congregations above are actually trying to court the larger ones.
As you can see in the wonderful footage below, it can get rather awkward:
But that’s underselling it, because like far more complex creatures, water springtails perform courtship rituals that involve interlocking their antennae and circling around each other as if they were performing a sweet little dance.
This can continue for hours and the result, hatched from tiny springtail eggs, is tiny springtail babies.
We’ll leave you with this footage of the springtail courtship dance. Shout out to the huge female grazing casually behind them: |
How to write architectural design principles that scale decision making
13 June 2021
A system is more than just a collection of services and applications. It is a distributed collaboration between stakeholders, users, processes, developers, software, infrastructure, suppliers, and data. This is difficult to control directly, but you can influence the development of a system by establishing a clearly defined and widely understood set of architectural principles.
These principles describe the common set of underlying beliefs about system design. They can help to create a common sense of purpose and lay down some basic guidelines for decision making.
In this sense, architectural principles can help to scale architectural decision making by providing high-level guidance to everybody involved in development. Software engineering teams make small, local decisions all the time. Ideally, you want a set of principles that can help to ensure that this decision making does not diverge too far from any wider strategy.
Reflecting consensus
Architectural principles are a foundational element of TOGAF, which describes them as:
TOGAF expects architectural principles to support decision making by reflecting a level of consensus in an organisation. This consensus is a key characteristic of architectural principles, as it allows them to represent what really matters to an organisation.
The act of drafting a set of architectural principles can be an opportunity to forge consensus, confront disagreement, and win support for specific strategies. They can be used to help bind everybody involved in development into a common purpose and communicate a statement of intent to the wider organisation. If you can win widespread support for a core set of architectural principles, then it can help to ensure that everybody is swimming in the same direction.
Consensus normally requires that principles be derived directly from the wider business vision and strategy. It is this relationship to the wider mission that gives architectural principles their strength. If a set of architectural principles follow on naturally and logically from the business strategy, they will feel more credible and provide a more solid foundation on which to resolve disputes.
Over time, a good set of principles can help to define how you make decisions, i.e. the posture of architecture within the organisation. This can include the behaviours that underpin good architectural decision-making, enshrining qualities such as openness, collaboration, and pragmatism.
Getting the granularity right
The implication here that principles are broad, high-level statements that deal in general strategic themes. This is distinct from more specific standards or guidelines that provide explicit directions for teams to follow.
For example, an architectural principle might state that the organisation should favour open standards, but it won’t state which standards to adopt. The desire to build loosely coupled services might be a principle, but the various patterns and technologies that ensure this are best expressed in design guidelines.
There is a risk that principles become so large as to be nebulous. Exhorting engineering to “make it scalable” is just stating the obvious unless there is a specific underlying business context, such as the expectation of rapid and unpredictable growth. You need to ensure that stakeholders can relate to the principles and recognise the business drivers that lurk underneath. This requires clear language, precise definitions, and careful consistency.
You also want to limit the number of principles to ensure that your architecture remains flexible. TOGAF recommends somewhere between ten and twenty principles, and this is a reasonable range to define the main strategic priorities for an architecture.
Empty slogans and cheesy catchphrases
Given that we are dealing with high-level themes, it can be easy for principles to descend into empty slogans. Principles are not an opportunity to echo brand values or propagate motivational catchphrases. Marketing slogans that exhort teams to “build great applications” that “thrill our customers” will not be of much use when engineers are disagreeing about technology choices.
Principles need to be rooted in the kinds of practical issues that crop up in day-to-day decision making. They need to be specific, provide clear guidance any maybe even impart a little bit of wisdom. If your principles are too obvious then they will be ignored as empty slogans.
It can be tempting to boil principles down to a set of slogans that resonate and are easy to remember. However, context is important here and this can be difficult to capture in a slogan. When drafting a set of principles, it can be helpful to include a more detailed rationale for each principle, including a statement of the implications it has for wider development.
For example, stating that “data should be accessible” needs careful qualification. It may speak more to technical flexibility in terms of protocols and formats rather than being readily available to all users. Access to data may not necessarily involve the right to modify or share the data. There may also be a host of governance restrictions that users should be willing to accommodate.
Evolving principles
A set of principles shouldn’t change very often, but they are not completely immutable. Strategies do evolve and the ground may shift. You should be prepared to take a flexible approach and develop your principles in response to changing circumstances.
Architectural principals aren’t just for Christmas. They gain their power through repetition. You need to refer to them constantly and make sure that they continue to be reflected in your work. They are not laws that require specific enforcement, but it should be obvious when they are not being observed. |
Tips for Using Fat-Soluble Vitamins for Dental Health
Mar 28 • 3 minute read
Some essential vitamins for oral health, such as vitamin C, are water soluble. But others (such as vitamins D, A, and K2) are fat soluble, meaning that if you eat a totally non-fat diet, your body may have difficulty absorbing them and keeping your teeth and gums healthy. However, eating a diet that's drowning in fat isn't healthy either.
Here are some tips for getting the fat-soluble vitamins your body needs.
1. Choose Healthier Fats
The phrase "healthier fats" may sound like a contradiction in terms. But you've probably heard that some fats, such as fish oil, offer distinct health benefits (for instance, two components of fish oil called DHA and EPA lower your chances of developing gum disease). Similarly, you can improve dental health by choosing fats that have fat-soluble vitamins in them.
In addition to fish, which is typically a great source of vitamin D, try to choose meat and dairy products from grass-fed cows. Grass-fed is something of a buzzword, but grass-fed dairy does provide a specific fat-soluble vitamin called vitamin K2, which is a vital tool for your teeth in the fight against cavities.
2. Consider a Fat-Soluble Vitamin Supplement
If you have good oral hygiene and see a dentist regularly and yet you're still experiencing more tooth decay than is normal, you should consider having your doctor test you for deficiencies. For example, you could have a vitamin D deficiency.
Vitamin D plays a huge role in dental health: a deficiency can increase both tooth problems and gum problems. A deficiency in this crucial substance could be due to a genetic predisposition or simply because you work long hours indoors and rarely see the sun. Be sure to consult your doctor before supplementing to make sure you have the right dosage.
3. Talk to Your Doctor if You Have Symptoms of Digestive Problems
It's not always enough to toss back a few fish oil pills and assume they'll magically be assimilated into your body. While that's how it should work, you may be surprised to hear that a high percentage of Americans actually have digestive problems. And if your digestion isn't working correctly, you can't count on assimilating all the vitamins and nutrients your body needs.
So keep an eye on your digestive system. If you notice that you end up with constipation or diarrhea on a regular or semi-regular basis, or if you tend to need antacids after a good, filling meal, talk to your doctor about it; you may have food sensitivities, a stomach ulcer, or some other digestive problem that's keeping you from getting the most out of your food.
4. Pair the Vitamins with Minerals
Different fat-soluble vitamins have different roles to play in dental health. Vitamin K2 is crucial for allowing your teeth to repair surface damage caused by acids. That's because K2 partners with the proteins that your teeth send out to corral calcium molecules. The K2 helps bring the calcium to the surface of the tooth to repair the damage.
But if the calcium just isn't there, this repair process won't be able to go forward. So in order for your fat-soluble vitamins to do any good, you need to make sure they have the minerals they need. Talk to your doctor about taking a mineral supplement such as trace mineral drops, which can be especially useful if you drink distilled water with no minerals in it.
Remember, what you eat is only part of the picture; investing time in cleaning your teeth at home regularly and in regular dental visits is still critical. The Couchman Center for Complete Dentistry would love to provide the professional care and guidance your teeth and gums need to stay healthy. Give us a call to schedule an appointment or learn more about our services.
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Biofuels and Rural Development in India: Public-Private Partnerships in Andhra Pradesh
In What is New from IGES
Volume (Issue): November 2008
Non Peer-reviewed Article
Biofuels have been promoted in many Indian states as part of their rural development strategies, long before the recent finalisation of India’s national policy on biofuels, in order to generate employment and produce fuel locally using existing wastelands. To promote employment, some states have promoted biofuels using nationally sponsored programmes such as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, which aims to provide guaranteed employment of a minimum of 100 days in a year to small and marginal farmers and landless labourers. State governments are given flexibility to identify their own development projects depending on the local requirements, and some focus on developing biofuel crops.
While much attention has been on jatropha, other crops such as pongamia have also been tried. In February 2008, IGES visited the state of Andhra Pradesh, whose government is promoting biodiesel based on pongamia (Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre) trees, which have been planted on wastelands in 13 drought affected districts, using a public-private partnership. These wastelands are farmers, fields that are uncultivated due to water scarcity, poor soil fertility, rockiness and unevenness. The government has identified several entrepreneurs to supply grafted pongamia seedlings and assist farmers by providing technology. These entrepreneurs are allowed to enter into agreements with farmers and the district administration to procure seeds at a minimum support price fixed by the government (USD 0.22 per kilogram). Farmers can sell the seeds in the market if they can get a higher price.
Farmers are strongly motivated to plant pongamia trees by generous support programmes which nearly eliminate risks. In addition to minimum support price, there is a 100% government subsidy for inputs, which include 60 kg of nitrogen and 64,000 liters of water per hectare. Subsidies also cover transport of the water and labour. The flowering gestation period of pongamia is reduced from 5-6 to 2.5-3 years with the help of a grafting technique. One hectare of pongamia produces about 3.5 tons of seeds producing an income of about USD 750 per year. In addition, farmers can grow intercrops such as pulses and castor that yield between USD 420 to 580 per hectare, to earn income during pongamia’s initial gestation period. Employment generation potential is 66 persondays per hectare per year. The entrepreneurs benefit from a minimum support price of USD 0.53 per litre of biodiesel. Biodiesel from one hectare of pongamia can yield a gross income of USD 650 per year for the entrepreneur, not including income from by-products (glycerine, glycerol, seed cake manure etc).
Environmental benefits such as GHG emission reductions, increasing land cover in dry tracts, supply of organic manure from pod shells, etc. are expected, though not conclusively demonstrated yet. However, it is clear that rural development programmes promoting biofuel production under public private partnerships are showing signs of benefiting rural communities while providing energy. With ever-growing fossil fuel prices, minimum support prices for biodiesel may become unnecessary.
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What is this test?
This test detects and identifies bacteria from a culture of sputum. This test is used to help diagnose possible bacterial causes of respiratory tract infections such as community acquired pneumonia.
Why do I need this test?
• Acute chest syndrome
• Acute exacerbation of pulmonary cystic fibrosis
• Aspiration pneumonitis
• Community acquired pneumonia
• Pneumonic plague
How should I get ready for the test?
Before a sputum sample is collected, you may be asked to drink more fluids. Drinking more fluids may help you produce a sputum sample.
For this test, a sputum sample is obtained before taking an antibiotic. Tell your doctor if you are taking any medications at the time of the test.
How is the test done?
Sputum is mucus that is secreted by the airways and lungs. To collect a sample of sputum, you may be asked to cough forcefully, and spit out sputum into a container. If you are unable to produce a sputum sample, you may need to have the sample induced. To induce a sputum sample, a doctor will prepare a solution in a nebulizer for you to inhale. You will be asked to inhale the solution over a period of time, which may last up to 20 minutes. You will then be asked to cough and spit out sputum into a container.
How will the test feel?
Generally, collection of a sputum sample is not painful. If the sample is induced, the coughing may be uncomfortable.
What should I do after the test?
After a sputum sample is collected, call the doctor if you experience a new onset of pain in your throat, trouble swallowing, or if you are coughing up blood.
© 2017 Truven Health Analytics LLC
Click the link for more information on Respiratory Medicine Clinical Service
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How to Take Care of Your Body for Kids
Take care of your body requires getting enough sleep.
The human body is amazing. It is always working and growing, changing food to fuel and fighting illness and germs. Parents take care of children's bodies by making sure that children have everything they need to grow and maintain good health. As kids get older and become more mature, they take over some of the responsibility for taking care of their bodies, and they learn that bodies need several different kinds of care to function well.
Step 1
Eat a healthy diet with food from all of the food groups: dairy, fruits and vegetables, grains and protein. Food provides vitamins and minerals your body needs, like calcium and iron. Start each day with breakfast, and choose healthy snack food between meals. Limit the amount of sugar in your diet, and drink water.
Step 2
Step 3
Brush and floss your teeth after meals and snacks. If you take good care of your teeth, they can last your whole life. Healthy teeth have fewer cavities and less plaque build-up. Keep your breath fresh by keeping your teeth and gums clean.
Step 4
Control germs by washing your hands often with soap, especially if you or someone near you is not feeling well. Wash your hands before meals, after using the bathroom, after taking out the garbage and after blowing your nose. Wash your hands before setting the table or touching food, and cover your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough.
Step 5
Exercise your body every day by finding ways to stay active. Play games that involve jumping, running and playing. Take walks, go swimming or help out with household chores. Exercise and physical activity keep your heart healthy, strengthen bones, help you to stay in shape and improve your thinking processes. According to The President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, physical activity is a good way to make friends and have fun with your family.
Step 6
Get enough sleep. Your body needs sleep to get ready for the next day. According to the National Sleep Foundation, your brain needs sleep so you can concentrate, remember and solve problems. While you are asleep, your body is growing, finding new ways to fight illness and building strength.
Things You'll Need
• Soap
• Shampoo
• Toothbrush
• Toothpaste
• Floss
• Washcloth
• Towel |
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The Epigenetic Influence of the Mediterranean Diet
Unveiling the molecular basis of Mediterranean diet effects
In recent years, dietary guidelines have turned from emphasizing low fat consumption to embracing dietary patterns that are comprised of “whole” and unprocessed foods, such as the Mediterranean diet. The Mayo Clinic indicates that the Mediterranean diet emphasizes plant-based foods, healthy oils, fish and poultry, and red wine in moderation, with limited consumption of salt and red meat. It has been observed experimentally and in epidemiological studies that the Mediterranean Diet plays a beneficial role in health. For example, the PREDIMED study in Spain, in which participants were randomized to two types of Mediterranean diet or to a control diet that emphasized low-fat consumption found that the Mediterranean diets resulted in beneficial changes in metabolic syndrome, blood pressure, lipid profiles, lipoprotein particles, inflammation, oxidative stress, and carotid atherosclerosis, compared to the control diet.
Relatively little attention has been paid, however, to the genetic underpinnings and mechanisms that make the Mediterranean dietary pattern effective. Also termed nutrigenomics, the interaction of nutrient intake and individual genetic differences on genetic expression represents an opportunity for personalized medicine to expand beyond specialized medical fields like oncology into prevention and management of highly prevalent chronic diseases and preventable cancers that often present to primary care providers. Recent research shows that certain genes, including MTHFR, FTO, and TCF7L2 play a major role in determining whether and how the Mediterranean diet can influence health outcomes, particularly in cardiovascular health. Indeed, the PREDIMED study found that the Mediterranean diet interacts with gene polymorphisms known to play a role in inflammation and atherosclerosis, like COX-2, IL-6, CETP, and APOA2, and, thus, can alter the expression of these genes. Even in a population of high-risk cardiovascular participants, dietary intervention in the form of the Mediterranean diet can modulate the expression of genes tied to inflammation and atherosclerosis.
The gene MTHFR has been found to be closely associated with cardiovascular outcomes and its expression can be influenced by dietary intake. Polymorphisms of MTHFR are very common in the population and influence homocysteine concentrations in the blood. Elevated homocysteine is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The ATTICA study conducted in Greece found that adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with reduced homocysteine concentrations in nearly 60% of the population. This interaction provides insight into how the Mediterranean diet may influence cardiovascular risk in individuals with elevated homocysteine levels. Similarly, certain polymorphisms of the gene TCF7L2 are closely associated with type 2 diabetes, and potentially associated with elevated lipid levels and cardiovascular disease risk. When individuals with the highest risk TCF7L2 polymorphism, known as TT genotype, demonstrated high adherence to the Mediterranean diet, they had reduced fasting glucose and lipids, as well as reduced incidence of stroke.
Beyond influencing gene expression or association, dietary intervention can influence the methylation of certain genes. A pilot studyconducted within the PREDIMED cohort sought to analyze the influence of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on methylation of the TCF7L2 and FTO genes, which are known to be closely linked to stroke and diabetes. Polymorphisms of these genes were strongly associated with methylation levels, and an inverse association was found between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and methylation levels in the TCF7L2 gene. While the optimal level of methylation varies depending on the gene, CpG site, and polymorphism, this study illustrates that dietary intervention do influence methylation of gene sites that are involved in cardiovascular outcomes.
As the UC Davis Center of Excellence for Nutritional Genomics states, “Knowledge gained from comparing diet/gene interactions in different populations may provide information needed to address the larger problem of global malnutrition and disease.” Early studies on the role of the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular health outcomes indicate that nutrigenomics is already providing data which can be used to address malnutrition and disease. For additional information on nutrigenomics and the role of nutrition as an epigenetic influence, visit and look up the “Gene Speak” series.
Corella D et al. Advances in understanding the molecular basis of the Mediterranean diet effect. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2018;9:227-249.
Corella D et al. Effect of the Mediterranean diet on DNA methylation of selected genes in the PREDIMED-Valencia intervention trial. FASEB J. 2015;29(Suppl 1):LB242.
Corella D et al. Mediterranean diet reduces the adverse effect of the TCF7L2-rs7903146 polymorphism on cardiovascular risk factors and stroke incidence: a randomized controlled trial in a high-cardiovascular-risk population. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(11):3803-3811.
Dedoussis GV et al. Effect of interaction between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C-T mutation on homocysteine concentrations in healthy adults: the ATTICA Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(4):849-854.
Llorente-Cortes V et al. Effect of Mediterranean diet on the expression of pro-atherogenic genes in a population at high cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis. 2010;208(2):442-450.
Ros E et al. Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular health: teachings of the PREDIMED study. Adv Nutr. 2014;15(3):330S-336S.
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Chapter 12. Use Cases for Input Traffic Monitoring, Classification, and Triggered Actions
One category of use cases[211] that seems to recur frequently is a variation on the theme of input traffic monitoring or classification, and then taking some sort of triggered action (or actions). The general premise is one of interception or detection of some traffic pattern somewhere in the network—often at the edge or access point—that then results in one or more triggered actions. The action or actions can vary and be quite robust: from as simple as dropping incoming packets or as complex as triggering a query to a radius server or an HTTP redirection. Once those actions are triggered, the system can either return to its original state and simply process traffic as if it had never happened, or alter its actions to do something else either implicitly, or as a consequence of receiving a response from a query such as a radius request. Let’s investigate a few canonical examples to help illustrate how this all might work, starting with the most basic input traffic interception mechanism available: the firewall.
The Firewall
At its heart, a firewall is a system comprised of an input traffic pattern-matching engine populated with a set of classification rules to match input traffic on. Classification rules range in capability from quite simplistic and primitive, to complex regular expressions. In all cases, each classification rule has a corresponding action that is taken by the engine ...
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Products Liability
Strict Liability
When a product is unreasonably dangerous or the condition it is sold in makes it defective, the seller or manufacturer may be held accountable for such a condition without any fault or negligence. This is called strict liability.
For example, if you buy an electronic device that electrocutes you, even if the manufacturer of the device did not do anything negligently, you may still be able to recover for your injuries.
What is “Defective” or “Unreasonably dangerous”?
If the ordinary person would think that the product is too dangerous based on their knowledge about the product and how it is supposed to perform, then it may be considered defective and unreasonably dangerous.
Certain exceptions do apply to the strict liability rule. Some products, by nature, cannot be made safer than they are without losing many of the extremely important benefits. For example, prescription drugs can have negative effects but still have significantly greater benefits than harm. However, this does not relieve manufacturers of these products from their duty to warn consumers.
Burden of Proof
To prove strict liability, a plaintiff needs to demonstrate that the product was manufactured or sold by the person or company you are trying to sue. The plaintiff also needs to demonstrate that there is a defect and that the defect caused the injuries.
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Strong's Concordance, Hebrew Dictionary
-ward,, howbeit, state, straightway, surely, this, thus, true, well, properly, set upright
Hebrew: כֵּן, kēn (H3651)
568 King James Bible Verses (Page 2 of 12)
Here are after that,, asmuch as yet and related words in the Bible. What does the source Hebrew word כֵּן mean and how is it used in the Bible? Below are the English definition details. Also below are examples within Bible verses highlighted in yellow (follow this link to go there). Tap or hover on blue, underlined words to see more original scripture and meanings. Information sourced from Strong's Concordance[1].
Definition Details
Strong's Number: H3651
Hebrew Base Word: כֵּן
Part of speech: Adverb
Usage: + after that (this, -ward, -wards),, + (for-)asmuch as yet, + be (for which) cause, + following, howbeit, in (the) like (manner, -wise), × the more, right, (even) so, state, straightway, such (thing), surely, + (there-, where-)fore, this, thus, true, well, × you
Detailed definition:
1. (adv) so, therefore, thus.
1. Thus, so.
2. Just so.
3. Therefore.
4. (paired with adv).
5. Then.
6. Forasmuch as (in phrase).
7. (with prep).
1. Therefore, this being so (specifically).
2. Hitherto.
3. Therefore, on this ground (generally).
4. Afterwards.
5. In such case.
2. (adj) right, just, honest, true, veritable.
1. Right, just, honest.
2. Correct.
3. True, veritable.
4. True!, right!, correct! (in assent).
Derived terms: From H3559.
1. Biblical International Phonetic Alphabet: ken̪
2. Modern International Phonetic Alphabet: ken
3. Transliteration: kēn
4. Biblical Pronunciation: kane
5. Modern Pronunciation: kane
Bible Verses with כֵּן (H3651)
51 to 100 of 568 Verses
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The Hadean Crust: Evidence from >4 Ga Zircons
title={The Hadean Crust: Evidence from >4 Ga Zircons},
author={T. Harrison},
journal={Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences},
• T. Harrison
• Published 2009
• Geology
• Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
A review of continental growth models leaves open the possibilities that Earth during the Hadean Eon (∼4.5–4.0 Ga) was characterized by massive early crust or essentially none at all. Without support from the rock record, our understanding of pre-Archean continental crust must largely come from investigating Hadean detrital zircons. We know that these ancient zircons yield relatively low crystallization temperatures and some are enriched in heavy oxygen, contain inclusions similar to modern… Expand
Insights into the Hadean Earth from experimental studies of zircon
Geologists investigate the evolution of the atmosphere, crust, and mantle through time by direct study of the rock record. However, the Hadean eon (>3.85 Ga) has been traditionally viewed asExpand
Abstract Tangible evidence of Earth's earliest (Hadean; >4.0 Ga) crust, and the processes and materials that contributed to its formation, exists almost entirely in a record of detrital zircon fromExpand
Eoarchean crustal evolution of the Jack Hills zircon source and loss of Hadean crust
Given the global dearth of Hadean (>4 Ga) rocks, 4.4–4.0 Ga detrital zircons from Jack Hills, Narryer Gneiss Complex (Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia) constitute our best archive of earlyExpand
The role of detrital zircons in Hadean crustal research
Abstract Meso-Archean sedimentary sequences at Mt. Narryer and the Jack Hills of the Narryer Terrane in Western Australia's Yilgarn Craton contain detrital zircon grains with ages as old as 4.37 Ga,Expand
Detrital zircon evidence for change in geodynamic regime of continental crust formation 3.7–3.6 billion years ago
Abstract The nature of the early terrestrial crust and how it evolved through time remains highly controversial. Whether conventional plate tectonics operated in the Hadean and early Archean and whenExpand
A relatively reduced Hadean continental crust and implications for the early atmosphere and crustal rheology
It is widely believed that the Earth was strongly reduced during its early accretion, however, the transition from the reduced state that prevailed during Earth's early period to the modern oxidizedExpand
Reworking of Earth's first crust: Constraints from Hf isotopes in Archean zircons from Mt. Narryer, Australia
Abstract Discoveries of >4 Ga old zircon grains in the northwest Yilgarn of Western Australia led to the conclusion that evolved crust formed on the Earth within the first few 100 Ma after accretion.Expand
New evidence for ~4.45Ga terrestrial crust from zircon xenocrysts in Ordovician ignimbrite in the North Qinling Orogenic Belt, China
Abstract Evidence for the earliest known terrestrial crust comes predominantly from Jack Hills in Western Australia, where hafnium isotopic results from > 3.8 Ga detrital zircons indicate crustalExpand
Proposed Sources of Hadean Zircons
Any successful geodynamic or environmental model for early Earth must be consistent with ten robust lines of evidence derived from geochemical and petrologic observations of Hadean Jack HillsExpand
An examination of over 400 Hadean zircons from Jack Hills is presented, which shows that some inclusion assemblages are conducive to thermobarometry, and it is suggested that the magmas from which the Jack Hills Hadeans zircon crystallized were formed largely in an underthrust environment, perhaps similar to modern convergent margins. Expand
Ophiolitic trondhjemites: a possible analogue for Hadean felsic 'crust'
It has been argued that >4.0 Ga detrital zircons preserved in sediments of the Jack Hills, western Australia, preserve evidence for a well-developed continental crust on the Earth at 4.4–4.5 Ga ago.Expand
The view that continental crust had formed by 4.4 to 4.5 Ga and was rapidly recycled into the mantle and was supported by initial 176Hf/177Hf values from Jack Hills, Western Australia. Expand
The discovery of a detrital zircon with an age as old as 4,404 ± 8 Myr is reported, about 130 million years older than any previously identified on Earth and represents the earliest evidence for continental crust and oceans on the Earth. Expand
Evidence for the existence of continental crust older than 4.06 Ga has so far been obtained only from zircons in the Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia. In this paper we report the first occurrenceExpand
Zircon Thermometer Reveals Minimum Melting Conditions on Earliest Earth
The temperatures substantiate the existence of wet, minimum-melting conditions within 200 million years of solar system formation and suggest that Earth had settled into a pattern of crust formation, erosion, and sediment recycling as early as 4.35 Ga. Expand
Hadean diamonds in zircon from Jack Hills, Western Australia
Mineralogical features of the Jack Hills diamonds resemble those of diamonds formed during ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and imply a relatively thick continental lithosphere and crust–mantle interaction at least 4,250 million years ago. Expand
Trace-element fractionation in Hadean mantle generated by melt segregation from a magma ocean
It is shown that the observed Nd and Hf signatures could have been produced by segregation of melt from a crystallizing magma ocean at upper-mantle pressures early in Earth's history, which would have risen buoyantly and ultimately formed the earliest terrestrial protocrust. Expand
In situ U–Pb and oxygen isotope results for detrital zircons found within 3-Gyr-old quartzitic rocks in the Murchison District of Western Australia are consistent with the presence of a hydrosphere interacting with the crust by 4,300 Myr ago and are postulated to form from magmas containing a significant component of re-worked continental crust. Expand
Geochemical Constraints on the Growth of the Continental Crust
Several lines of evidence indicate that the Archean upper crust was considerably more mafic than the present-day upper crust. There has been no significant change in REE and Th abundances inExpand |
Understanding Urban Sociology
A. Urban Sociology: Explanation
In the field of sociology, the subset termed "urban sociology" deals with the psychology of people and the lifestyle and developmental changes occurring in a specific urban environment, which refers to a city, state, or country, depending on the context.
In short, urban sociology is a study of urbanization, a social process in which cities grow and societies become more urban in nature. Lifestyle habits may change as people in these areas are affected by the increases in population, the residual effects to the environment, and the slow depletion of natural resources that accompany such sizable changes and growth.
Taking first the notion of urbanization, we learn that it has slightly different meanings depending upon the context in which it is included. For instance, some sources speak of urbanization as the growth of downtown areas leading to more commercial and retail property developments and increased modern conveniences, such as enhanced public transportation systems, newly expanded highways, and alterations to existing zoning codes. Ultimately, such land use variances and increased development projects lead to population increases that, in turn, have the potential to generate environmental and ecological concerns.
Demonstrative of this claim is that figures indicate that annually in the United States:
a) more than 2 million acres of prime cropland are lost to erosion, salinization, and water logging;
b) more than half a million acres are lost from cultivation as urbanization, transportation networks, and industries spread over the nation's croplands;
c) an area of land equal to the size of Delaware is either paved over or converted to developed uses; and
d) water is being depleting from aquifers an average of 25 percent faster than it is being replaced.
Yet, even though the buildup of downtown urban areas has consistently been met with challenges from environmentalists and ecologists, this type of growth continues at a remarkable pace throughout the United States.
To ascertain the amount of growth a city has undergone, some of the metrics researchers employ include population size; population demographic measurements; density, or persons per square area; functionality of the land area; economic development; and social or environmental indicators.
There is a host of elected officials and service professionals who specifically address the issues associated with urbanization. Such persons include city commissioners, land planners, developers, conservationists, environmentalists, and preservationists.
B. Process of Urbanization
In the vein of the old saying, "Which came first the chicken or the egg?" a similar question can be asked with respect to urbanism: Which came first, new appealing aesthetics and offerings luring the increased number of people, or additional people, creating a demand for upgraded visuals and amenities?
There are two ways in which urbanization occurs: planned or organic.
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• Planned urbanization, inclusive of such activities as a green city movement or a new walkway through Central Park, is based upon well-intended plans made well in advance of the concrete even being poured. These types of plans can be made based upon aesthetic, economic, or urban design reasons.
• On the other hand, unplanned (organic) cities are the elder form of urbanization. Examples include many of the world's ancient cities, for they were innocently founded and expanded upon as the need arose. Later, many ancient organic cities required redevelopment for military and economic purposes, e.g., new roads carved through the cities, and new parcels of land cordoned off to serve a myriad of planned land use purposes, either to give cities a distinctive geometrical feel or make room for new enclaves of people and forthcoming developments.
Regardless of whether the planning or the people came first, as urbanism tends to be accompanied by population growth, the result remains an increased number of people living within approximately the same general land area.
Yet, it will make a difference if the people arrive prior to significant changes being made because then land planners and developers will need to scramble to create additional properties and upgrades in an effort to play catch-up.
In some urban areas one component, population growth or land or area redevelopment, predates one or the other, but the two tend to occur hand in hand because it is one that propels the other. Hence, if the population continues to grow at a high rate, then business people, city planners, and environmental and ecological advocates ramp up their efforts, as well.
While we mentioned earlier that one cannot always be certain which will come first, population increases or urbanization, there are reasons as to why one or both occur in the first place.
C. Urbanization: A Case in Point, Hawaii
Take for example, the state of Hawaii. While certain islands may be growing, both in terms of population and development, at faster rates than others; the overall state is experiencing phenomenal growth in a range of areas.
It is not necessarily a mystery as to why growth has come to Hawaii. Several factors have contributed to its notable expansion: ideal climate, the priority that locals placed upon caring for the environment, sky-high tourism rankings, and ample development opportunities. Because of immigration, Hawaii's annual rate of population growth is well above the U.S. average.
The fact that Hawaiian people want to limit the amount of growth has only served to spur on that which is still possible. The fact that Hawaii is an island and thus susceptible to higher costs for bringing in products has only seemed to further increase the appeal of the land for tourists, land or property owners, and business people.
As many indigenous Hawaiians fear that the island will become overcrowded, overwrought, and overworked, great emphasis has been placed on environmental programs and safeguards, as well as barriers preventing excessive numbers of outsiders from moving to the islands.
D. Effects of Urbanization on Population and the Environment
As in the previous example of Hawaii, growth can be good and bad, and the same could be said of Portland, Oregon; Seattle, Washington; or Austin, Texas. It is good in the sense that the area generates an added economic boom, new businesses are attracted to the region, property developers construct attractive properties, and the more attention that is lavished upon the locale, the more residual benefits are likely to come its way.
However, despite the favorable elements of population growth, eventually a saturation point will be reached. This is when the number of people residing within or visiting an area reaches a peak at which congestion, either walking or riding, becomes the norm; resources such as housing, water, and energy become scarce; or conditions such as air pollution, crime, and health take a turn for the worse.
The dialogue concerning the changes that accompany urbanization and population growth falls under a category known as "urban ecology." In this, another subset of sociology, we learn that areas can take on a whole new persona, driving up rents or housing prices, property taxes, and increasing the cost of food and other necessities to the point at which the original residents eventually feel like they are being pushed out of their own communities.
E. Population Growth and Urban Sprawl
The reason some prefer to keep their lovely little city a secret is that should it become too well-known and too well-received, it may just attract too many people as residents.
Every year, Money Magazine publishes an article entitled "The Best Places to Live," based upon criteria that includes schools, crime rates, housing prices, climate, activities, and others. Typically, each time a city gets listed as No. 1, it measurably increases the population of that particular area.
While that may be good to some degree, a population surge can cause a backlash if it is not properly anticipated or the surge leads to overcrowding.
Unfortunately, a sizable percentage of population growth leads to overcrowding, which, in turn, translates into a lack of resources, an overproduction of fumes, a rise in mass consumption, and, as we said earlier, increased living costs.
Defined as the unplanned, uncontrolled spreading of urban development into areas adjoining the edge of a city, officially, this is known as "urban sprawl." Tantamount to the erosion of the natural landscape, urban sprawl has been cited for wiping out the original unique charm of communities, as well as pushing out longtime residents.
Apart from a frustration with traffic congestion and an aesthetic blight, there is mounting concern about increased pollution; strains on local water supplies for some states, including California; the rapid loss of trees; the detrimental effect upon wetlands, farmland, and wildlife habitats; and, generally speaking, a loss of open spaces.
F. High Growth Areas
On the domestic front, the cities and areas experiencing the greatest amount or urban development include:
1. Phoenix-Mesa, Arizona
2. Los Angeles County, California
3. Las Vegas-Reno, Nevada
4. Houston, Texas
5. Orange County, California
6. Miami-Dade, Florida
7. Riverside-San Bernardino, California
8. Fort Lauderdale, Florida
9. Dallas, Texas
10. San Diego, California
In addition, Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Phoenix, New York, Los Angeles, Orlando, and Denver are anticipated to continue growing by sizable amounts.
G. Steps to Counteract Urbanization
As a means of reversing some of the effects of urbanization seen as being negative, advocacy groups touting "new urbanism," "sustainable cities," and "smart growth" have organized to ensure that their voices are heard and taken into consideration with respect to creating more harmonious growth as opposed to preventing progress, as some critics tend to believe.
To provide future generations with adequate natural resources and a reasonable quality of life, the goal proposed is that the general public should reduce consumption to sustainable levels. However, per capita consumption reduction is not sufficient to provide for sustainability should the population continue to grow, which at the current rate is predicted to happen for the foreseeable future.
Many citizens and officials believe the 70 percent population growth that is occurring in the United States is caused by mass immigration. Therefore, as a means of preventing our population from ballooning, advocacy groups propose an immigration moratorium be placed on all immigrations in excess of 100,000 per year. Population stabilization, however, does not imply stagnation. In order for communities to continue on toward maturation, they can maintain a proactive approach in terms of responding to the changing needs of their citizens.
An important part of this development is the American Planning Association (APA), which has labeled this progressively degrading condition as "unsustainability" because it is a far-reaching issue that extends well beyond the realm of today's urban and regional planners. To address the issues of overpopulation, the APA further recommends future-oriented planning practices recognizing environmental limits to human development. Planners recognize the limitations of "smart growth," yet believe that if communities are willing to push for an immigration moratorium, this will represent a giant step toward sustainability. |
Wasted Energy?
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by Casey Furlong
Moisture in food inversely correlates to heating value of MSW
Starving a landfill after starving an incinerator
The Varieties of “Beneficial Use”
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A certain person I know well claims that, for his psychological well-being, an occasional fine cigar is beneficial. That determination is based on weighted values known only to him, and arguably with willful and sublime ignorance of the values held by, say, his wife.
Spouses aside, individuals are pretty much free to deem whether something is beneficial to them or not and take it from there. But in public policy, others get to decide what is beneficial for the rest of us.
This post is about the “beneficial reuse” of biosolids, which got me thinking about who declared their reuse to be so, and how, where, and when it’s considered a good thing.
How biosolids come to be. Wastewater treatment relies on both physical and biological processes to clean water. Primary clarifiers physically remove most of the organic materials simply through settling them out as primary sludge. The remaining soluble organic matter that passes on to the aeration tanks is biologically converted by bacteria. The bacteria multiply, so to keep their population in check, a portion of them is “wasted” out of the system to digesters along with primary sludge. Sludge digestion is either done aerobically or anaerobically (some sludges are incinerated), but under the EPA 503 Rule, the end product becomes “biosolids.” Read more |
European Coalitions, Alliances, and Ententes Since 1792
In preparation for the peace conference that was expected to follow World War I, in the spring of 1917 the British Foreign Office established a special section responsible for preparing background information for use by British delegates to the conference. European Coalitions, Alliances, and Ententes Since 1792 is Number 152 in a series of more than 160 studies produced by the section, most of which were published after the conclusion of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. The book summarizes the purposes behind, and the circumstances surrounding, 18 different combinations of European states, beginning with the first coalition against revolutionary France of 1792‒93 and concluding with the alliance of 1914 in which Great Britain, France, and Russia joined forces against the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary (later joined by the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria). In the introduction, the author, Professor Fossey John Cobb Hearnshaw of the University of London, notes that the formation of coalitions, alliances, and ententes was a feature of the modern European state system, which emerged from the breakup of medieval Christendom during the Renaissance and Reformation and was consummated with the Treaty of Westphalia that in 1648 terminated the Thirty Years War. In this system, there was no political authority superior to the national state, which left these states “dependent upon their own resources both for security and for extension of power.” Association with other states, most often to maintain the balance of power, became one of the chief means employed by states in the modern system to pursue their objectives.
Last updated: November 14, 2017 |
Dietology and nutrition
What vitamins are necessary for women’s health
The female body needs certain foods and vitamins at each stage of her life. For example, folic acid is more important for women of childbearing age and pregnant and in menopause need more vitamin D and calcium to preserve bone tissue. Regardless of the age of the woman it is important to take enough vitamins and minerals.
What is the General role of vitamins and why it is important to take antioxidants
Without vitamins it is impossible for a normal processes in our body. Man alone cannot produce vitamins except vitamin D, which is synthesized by the skin through exposure to sunlight. In any period of life a woman should take food rich in vitamins or vitamin supplements, phytocomplex. Almost everyone, on hearing the word “antioxidants” and “free radicals”. But what kind of “beasts” knows not everyone.
Antioxidants are substances that protect the cellular system of the body. They neutralize the highly active and unstable molecules (those free radicals) produced in the human body. The danger of free radicals is that they are able to disrupt the structure of cell membranes. And antioxidants help to neutralize the destructive power of free radicals, thereby protecting us from cancer, chronic diseases, stimulating the immune system and slowing aging.
Where important for women’s health antioxidant vitamins
Entering the human body beta-carotene is then transformed into vitamin A. this Important vitamin not only for its antioxidant properties: vitamin a helps to strengthen the bone and soft tissue, which is especially important for women during menopause. Beta-carotene and other carotenoid found in apricots, carrots, pumpkin, tomatoes, watermelons, Kale and broccoli, peaches, red pepper, spinach.
It is important for the female body vitamin C: this vitamin, in addition to strengthening the immune system, helps to form red blood cells and increase the level of norepinephrine, which is responsible for attention and concentration. With age or during times of stress levels of vitamin C in the body decreases, so nutritionists advise women to go easy on broccoli, grapefruit, oranges, kiwi, tomatoes and melons.
Why are vitamins E, B6, B12 and folievoy acid believe pure women’s
Another female vitamin – E or tocopherol. It also helps to form red blood cells and resist (anemia), which women affected more than men. And tocopherol slows the aging process and helps look younger. Rich in vitamin E nuts, sunflower seeds, wheat germ, fatty fish. B vitamins, especially B6 and B12 and folic acid – one of the most important women’s vitamins. They participate in the formation of DNA, therefore, it is often prescribe extra vitamins and folic acid to pregnant women. Among food products, vitamins, rich in buckwheat, corn, beans, asparagus, liver, bread from wheat flour.
Nutritionists recommend eating a day not more than 500 grams of fruit and vegetables, dividing them on how servings. But not always so many fruits enough to make the body received a sufficient amount of antioxidants and vitamins. And eating fruits and vegetables can lead to digestive problems, also in this case, the nutrients are simply not absorbed by the body. Therefore, when certain chronic diseases, pregnancy, age-related changes might need additional vitamin supplements to find which will help the doctor. |
Answer Key Beowulf Study Guide Answers
Though now an old man Beowulf decides to take on the dragon himself and succeeds in killing it and. In the Anglo-Saxon world the idea of warrior-king was highly revered.
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Beowulf defeats Grendels mother 5.
Answer key beowulf study guide answers. I-12 Beowulf 823546 Page i – GlencoeMcGraw-Hill. Describe the battle between Beowulf and Grendel in Part 11. Creation myth Genesis 3.
Beowulf knows that he is fated to fight the dragon and even suggests early on that he may not survive the battle. Beowulf By Translated By Seamus Heaney WW. Study Guide and Reinforcement 3 ANSWER KEY 7.
He drove 5 giants into chains he drove all of that race away and he swam in the darkness hunting monsters out of the ocean and killed them one by one. Grendels reason for attacking the Danes is based upon what. Net force Answer Key to The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe Study.
Answers for all questions but not charts How to Use this Study Guide The study guide is divided into three weeks. C read all 180 Multiple Choice Questions and Answers This section contains 2317 words approx. Tears at him with her clutching claws squats on him with her weight on his stomach draws a dagger with dried blood to kill him.
On this page you can read or download english 4 beowulf study guide answer key in PDF format. The answer can be found in the chapter number in parenthesis Introduction. 8 pages at 300 words per page View a FREE sample.
SHORT ANSWER STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS Beowulf. Is there a connection with Grendel being described in line 243 as forever joyless. Refer to study guide for virtues.
He eventually becomes king there but after many years he faces another threat this time to his own people in the shape of a dragon. There is more than one setting or nation involved English 4 beowulf study guide answers. He could not know Gods love.
Dialectic Rhetoric Pages. Some ancient peoples such as the Germans and Greeks believed that only by achieving fame and glory will a person be remembered after death. Why does Grendel bear Gods hatred.
Beowulf Study Guide English 4 beowulf study guide answers. Who were Grendels earliest ancestors. Beowulf the Warrior Multiple Choice Test Answer Key.
How did he come to exist. Why does the editor refer to the Beowulf epic as essentially an aristocratic poem. Why does Beowulf wait allowing Grendel to kill one of the Geats before he attacks Grendel.
Beowulf Study Guide Answers. AP Style Beowulf Study Guide Practice Test. What does Beowulf carry with him for the Battle against the dragon.
Asked by Amber R 1073922. Beowulf still has a fiery nature and thinks he can win the battle with the dragon. Herot Hrothgars mead hall 2.
Grendels mothers reason for attacking the Danes based upon what. 1 Why does Beowulf want to fight Grendel. View a FREE sample.
Beowulf is an epic tale that had been passed down through the oral tradition before it was finally transcribed by what is believed to be a Christian monk. The Epic Heroqualities as applied to Beowulf the epic and the character. What theme is depicted in Gods hatred of Grendel.
3 Why does Unferth question Beowulfs ability. Although Beowulf uses the strength in his hands to fight Grendels mother how does she retaliate. Beowulf is an archetypal hero which means he represents the ideal qualities for his culture and in fact for many cultures.
Choose the line of dialogue that would best express the soldiers actions in the bottom pane of page 3. Similar to your Oedipus test Part I will consist of 10 multiple choice questions worth 5 points each. Why cant the other warriors come to Beowulfs aid.
Beowulf has no choice since his character obeys. Name three things Beowulf boasted about to Hrothgar. More summaries and resources for teaching or.
Last updated by jill d 170087 9 months ago 11112020 1154 AM. 4 What is Grendel. Yes he is joyless without the love of God.
How does Beowulf reflect this statement. 12 Answer Key Included Note. Beowulf possesses and describe two virtues in detail using specific examples from the reading.
What does Wiglaf bring Beowulf from the dragons tower. The main struggle in Beowulf is. Beowulf and his 14 men defeat Grendel and hang arm from rafters.
If you dont see any interesting for you use our search form on bottom. How was Grendel conceived created and where is he required to live. Desire to do harm.
Opposes the motion of objects that move through the air is affected by speed size and shape 8. What is the setting of the first part of the epic. What familiar story is told by the speaker in the first 12 lines of the poem.
Question content will be drawn from. While there are certainly some elements of Christianity that appear in the epic poem as a result of the transcriber the tale is preserved with many of the same aspects that were important to the early Anglo-Saxon culture that originated the story. 2 What warning does Hrothgar give Beowulf.
Beowulf Reading Guide Questions and Answers. 5 Why does Beowulf want to see the treasure. English IV Beowulf Study Guide Answer each question below in detail in your binder.
What were the basic virtues prized by Anglo-Saxon society.
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Globalization as a Political Phenomenon
This paper stresses that technology has also been globalized through education and training, where scientists and engineers take learn about new inventions and innovations, at times via platforms such as the internet. It, therefore, gives opportunity to participants globally, aiding them in developing and advancing the global tech world. It is therefore important for countries to participate where new opportunities arise, to be at per with the rest of the world. Also, since globalization has been adopted by almost every nation around the globe, it will be of great benefit for governments to come up with regulations and rules that will govern the world at a global level. This will in turn curb crisis experiences and damages that can be caused as a result of selfishness and greediness of some countries. In terms of politics, the assigned bodies, which are responsible for regulating and overseeing the overall political issues, should start to act and perform their duties adequately.
This essay makes a conclusion that economically, since globalization has influenced positively so far, organizations responsible for regulating it should stay put. They should also ensure there is equal opportunity distributed around so as to prevent future flaws and biasness. In terms of culture and socialization, countries that view themselves as of higher social status than the others should have regulation imposed on them. It will give opportunities to other countries with varying social and cultural status the opportunity to rise and probably offer the world a new insight altogether. |
Can A Hiatal Hernia Heal Itself?
Can you live with a hernia without surgery?
If your hernia does not bother you, most likely you can wait to have surgery.
Your hernia may get worse, but it may not.
Over time, hernias tend to get bigger as the muscle wall of the belly gets weaker and more tissue bulges through.
In some cases small, painless hernias never need repair..
What can be mistaken for a hernia?
What causes a hiatal hernia to flare up?
But a hiatal hernia might be caused by: Age-related changes in your diaphragm. Injury to the area, for example, after trauma or certain types of surgery. Being born with an unusually large hiatus.
How do I know if my hiatal hernia is getting worse?
Symptoms of a hiatal herniaheartburn that gets worse when you lean over or lie down.chest pain or epigastric pain.trouble swallowing.belching.
What does a hiatal hernia attack feel like?
Hiatal hernia symptoms include nausea, burping, acid reflux, and burning or pain in the esophagus or stomach. These symptoms can mimic other health issues like heartburn or heart attack.
What happens if a hernia is left untreated?
What foods neutralize stomach acid?
How do you fix a hiatal hernia?
In this surgery, your surgeon will:First repair the hiatal hernia, if one is present. This involves tightening the opening in your diaphragm with stitches to keep your stomach from bulging upward through the opening in the muscle wall. … Wrap the upper part of your stomach around the end of your esophagus with stitches.
Can a hiatal hernia go away with weight loss?
Where is hiatal hernia pain located?
Hiatal hernia can cause esophageal pain. The esophagus connects the throat to the stomach. It passes through the chest and enters the abdomen through a hole in the diaphragm called the esophageal hiatus.
Can you eat potatoes with a hiatal hernia?
Foods and beverages to eat Try eating: non-citrus fruits, such as apples, pears, melons, and berries. vegetables, such as artichokes, carrots, sweet potatoes, asparagus, squash, green beans, leafy greens, and peas.
What irritates a hiatal hernia?
Hiatal Hernia: Foods That May Cause Symptoms They may cause heartburn symptoms. Dairy products, such as whole milk, ice cream, and creamed food. Try soy milk; it may be a good milk substitute. Also, mild cheeses, like feta or goat, may be enjoyed in moderation.
Can a hiatal hernia make you tired?
If you wake up weary each morning and battle heartburn flares during the day, “your tiredness could be caused by a hiatal hernia”, explains John McDougall, M.D., author of Digestive Tune-Up.
Is hiatal hernia a serious surgery?
It is estimated that laparoscopic repair carries a mortality rate of just 0.57 percent, and open surgery carries a mortality rate of 1.0 to 2.7 percent. Complications associated with hiatal hernia surgery include: abdominal bloating. diarrhea. |
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The domino effect
As a kid, I liked making extensively large trails of dominoes standing up. Knock one down and the rest would be set in motion. I remember wondering why they tipped over and fell instead of just sliding across the ground when hit. The answer to that is friction. Because of its orientation, when standing up, pushing against it won't just slide it over, but also cause friction to act at the bottom. Because the forces act at a distance from the center of mass, a net torque acts on the object, tipping it over, and causing the same thing to happen to all the dominoes in front of it. If the domino were just flat on the floor, it would just slide since the ground would stop it from rotating around it's center of mass. It's common sense really. It isn't like you can hit fallen domino from the side and expect it to just flip back upright.
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Quick guide to understanding freestyle rap
Quick guide to understanding freestyle rap
Before great hip hop artists like the Furious Five, A tribe Called Quest, Tupac, The Notorious BIG, among many others, rose to fame through their ability to rhyme over rap beats, the acronym MC (Master of Ceremony, or Master of Ceremony) had a slightly lighter connotation than today.
It was the 1970s, the cultural movement of hip hop was just a shy neighborhood party expression in New York, United States. It soon became popular due to the work of various DJ (Disc Jockey, or DJs) such as Afrika Bambaataa or DJ Kool Herc, who led the scene on the platforms, while the microphones were not the center of attention of the events, but rather the tool with which the music was accompanied. DJ that mixed the music with the new air of percussion that characterized the genre.
At that time, MC They were limited to liven up the party by adding some flavor to the mixes and creations of the DJ, until the genre evolved and went from the “call and response” chants formed by basic and improvised refrains to compose and leave more and more lyrics on the loops and samples used by the DJ.
At the same time, the culture grew and in addition to DJ and MC the b-boys O breakers and graffiti artists, who gave hip hop even more identity including dance and plastic arts from street painting to complete what are known as the four elements of hip hop: the deejaying, the song of the MC, the b-boying and graffiti.
Today the culture of hip hop has spread to almost the entire planet and its exponents sing in a wide diversity of languages ranging from Spanish and English to Cantonese or Russian, and even Arabic. As a main characteristic, hip hop songs today have almost entirely the participation of MC, a name given to those who sing about the beats or instrumentals of this genre.
But, although it is a culture that permeates the daily lives of many people, it does not mean that it is a simple subject, since MC have been gaining more and more popularity not only for their lyrics within rap songs, also becoming world references for the competitions of freestyle rap, improvisation or free style rap.
Although the custom of MC improvisation is almost as old as hip hop, which is already half a century in the cultural spectrum, freestyle competitions, or cockfights have become quite popular since the 2000s, especially with the popularization of the battles of roosters from the energy drink brand Red Bull and BDM, the “master battles.”
Flow, metrics and punchlines
Now not all MC they are experts in freestyle competition and not all those who dedicate themselves to improvisation are constant in formal musical production, since the freestyle must have characteristics such as the handling of the flow, novel metrics, punchlines punchy and fluid rapping with consistency while improvising the content of the lyrics.
On the one hand, the flow is an intrinsic characteristic of the good MC, not just improvisers. It is a kind of individual hallmark of each rapper, allowing them to flow, or navigate the instrumentals with grace and musicality. Thus, the flow is determined by the shape of a MC to use rhymes and the use of intonation techniques that give rapping a particular fluidity that denotes skill on the microphone.
Now, although it is not an exact science, it is understood that the seal of a flow striking is also tied to the use of novel metrics. However, this is not decisive in the case of improvisation, since it is an issue that takes longer to prepare, as in the case of improvisation. MC who write well in advance the lyrics that they sing on an instrument.
In simple words, the metrics is the structure of the phrases and rhymes of the MC within the beat of the instrumental. In general, the metrics, structures or schemes depend on three factors: the type of rhymes to be used (consonants or assonants), the number of types of rhyme and the way in which they are organized within the bars. The bars are understood as the phrases that fit within a rap measure, which usually corresponds to four beats each.
Of course, the great ones MC Hip hop legends have been adept at these aspects inside and outside of improvisation.
Another factor, which is even more decisive in the freestyle is the use of punchlines shocking. The punchlines they are roughly the ends of a sequence of rhymes. They usually appear at the end of a measure, but it is not an exclusive characteristic, these types of attributes may vary according to the flow and the style of each rapper.
They serve to conclude the bars in improvisation, highlighting the ability of a MC to finish a sequence of rhymes with forcefulness, grace, imagination and style or, on the contrary, to try to make the opponent of the battle look ridiculous by using a punchline as an attack towards the adversary.
All these elements are easier to distinguish as the gender is known, and especially when a MC He’s skilled at all of these characteristics, so when you hear a rapper in action again. Pay attention to all the factors that influence whether you find what you hear interesting or, conversely, find it unattractive.
Many Thanks To The following Website For This Valuable Content.
Quick guide to understanding freestyle rap |
When was hair invented?
Asked by: Bryon Miller
Score: 4.9/5 (60 votes)
Hair has its origins in the common ancestor of mammals, the synapsids, about 300 million years ago.
View full answer
Just so, When was human hair invented?
In 2009, Lucinda Backwell and colleagues described the discovery of what appeared to be human hair in fossilized hyena poop (a.k.a. coprolites) from more than 200,000 years ago—the oldest evidence of human hair to date.
Likewise, people ask, Why was 80s hair so big?. Big hair that was "often permed to achieve the desired volume" is especially associated with women of the mid 1980s as well as male rockstars of that era, especially of the glam metal genre. Television shows such as Dynasty helped popularize the high volume bouffant and glamorous image associated with it.
Herein, Who invented the first haircut?
The Egyptians were the first to actually take a blade to their hair. The 180 degree haicut is rather simple. Its a procedure where you literally take the hair straight up and cut straight across creating a short to long layer. Mainly used on people with longer hair.
Why do we cut hair?
Aids hair growth
Regular trimming helps you get rid of split ends and breakage, thereby aiding the hair's growth and strength. Let us clarify here that cutting hair doesn't make your hair grow faster.
39 related questions found
What hairstyle is in for 2020?
Hairstylists Predict These Will Be the 10 Biggest Hair Trends of...
1. Short Haircuts. harryjoshhair. ...
2. (Especially) Bobs. kaiagerber. ...
3. Showing Off Natural Texture. marciahamilton. ...
4. Beach Waves. harryjoshhair. ...
5. A Modern Shag Haircut. ...
6. Textured Braids. ...
7. Bangs (Specifically Curtain Bangs) ...
8. Warm Hair Colors.
What happens if you never cut your hair?
1. Your Hair "Stops Growing." "By not cutting your hair, you are actually risking the length rather than letting it grow," says Bivona. ... When those ends split, they'll eventually travel up your hair and break it off higher, leaving your hair shorter than before—and such was the case with my sad, sad locks.
Why do we cut baby's first hair?
Why do we shave baby's first hair?
The general idea is that shaving the baby's head-removing the hair grown in the womb-cleanses the body at the beginning of life. Traditionally, the hair is weighed and its value in silver is given to charity.
What is the Tlacuache haircut called?
#1: Classic Edgar Haircut
Also called the takuache hairstyle, the Edgar consists of a top that's cropped almost like a bowl cut with a straight line going around the head. The sides are then high faded for contrast, and the top is usually textured or styled. Here, the hair is styled forward to create a wavy look.
Will 80s hair ever come back?
80's hair is finally back. ... The hair world saw a glimpse of the return of the 80's over the past year with the return of perms. Some people opted for a more modern perm or “wave”. Man perms have become increasingly more popular thanks to soccer players rocking tightly faded styles topped with full tight curls.
Who had the biggest hair in the 80s?
The biggest celebrity hair of the 80s
• Daryl Hall & John Oates. ...
• Whitney Houston. ...
• David Lee Roth. ...
• Cyndi Lauper. ...
• Carlos Valderrama. ...
• Pete Burns. ...
• David Bowie. Attributes: Blonde/grey, with locks emanting from a central fulcrum, like a firework made of hair. ...
• Bonnie Tyler. Attributes: Two tone blonde/brunette, enormous volume.
Who started the big hair trend?
In the early 1980s, Brooke Shields became a dominant force in the fashion trend after becoming a teen model in 1980. She has appeared in numerous magazine covers with different styles of long and big hair making her one of the most influential fashion icons of the early 1980s.
Which race has the most hair?
Why do humans have hair on their private parts?
The skin on your genital region is delicate. Pubic hair acts like a protective buffer, reducing friction during sex and other activities. ... Pubic hair may also keep the genitals warm, which is an important factor in sexual arousal.
What country does curly hair originate from?
Why do Chinese shave baby's head?
All of the hair is shaved, except at the top of the crown of the baby's head. The more superstitious Chinese believe that spirits reside at the top of the human head and the patch of hair at the top of the head will protect the baby's soul from leaving the body and will ward off evil spirits.
Does cutting baby hair help it grow?
Some parents hesitate to give their baby a haircut. But if your baby has hair loss or bald spots, a haircut can get rid of patchiness and allow their hair to grow in evenly. One belief is that a haircut can jump-start hair growth. ... If you decide to cut your baby's hair, trim longer strands first.
What happens if you shave your baby hairs?
Is it true that shaving a baby's head (or cutting his hair very short) makes the hair grow in thicker and stronger? No. That has no effect on how thickly the hair grows in. Hair grows from a follicle beneath the scalp, and what you do to the hair on the surface doesn't affect the hair developing in the follicle.
Why do you not cut a baby's hair before age 1?
You should also remember that babies, and especially newborns, will regulate their temperature through their head. As a result, removing hair from your baby's head at such a young age could put them at risk for a loss in body heat, which may lead to illness, particularly in colder weather.
When should a girl get her first haircut?
There's no specific age recommended for a first haircut, it can be anywhere between 6 months and 2 years on average. Some babies are born with lots of hair and may be ready sooner than others, and some parents choose to prolong the first haircut well into toddlerhood.
Why do Native people cut their hair when someone dies?
Many tribes cut their hair while grieving the death of an immediate family member, or to signify a traumatic event or a major life change. Cutting the hair at these times represents the time spent with the deceased loved one and it's ending; it can also represent a new beginning.
Who has the longest hair in the world?
World's longest hair recorded is over 18 feet long. Xie Qiuping from China, whose hair was 18 feet and 5.54 inches long when last measured in 2004, currently holds the record for world's longest documented hair. She has been growing her hair since 1973 from the age of 13.
Can I go a year without cutting my hair?
If you're taking care of your hair and don't dye it very often, it'll be totally fine. I once went three years with no cuts, and my hair was long and in great health. your hair can grow 6 inches in one year. To keep it healthy and avoid heat and color.
How long does it take to grow hair 12 inches?
How long does it take to grow long hair? According to the CDC, scalp hair grows an average of one-half inch per month. If your hair is two inches long and you're aiming for shoulder length (about 12 inches) growth, that adds up to a little less than two years to reach your goal. |
University study helps limit search for life outside earth
James Pollard, Assistant Campus Editor
In this past summer’s blockbuster “Men in Black: International,” “Agent M” — 23 years removed from an alien encounter — joins the MiB after being rejected from the FBI and CIA due to her delusions concerning alien life.
But determining whether or not life exists outside of earth may have gotten easier.
A new Northwestern study will help astronomers limit their search for potential life in outer space, a Nov. 11 University news release announced. Howard Chen, a Ph.D. candidate in Northwestern’s Climate Change Research Group and a NASA future investigator, was the study’s first author. Earth and planetary sciences Prof. Daniel Horton was the senior author of the study, published online in the Astrophysical Journal on Nov. 14.
“‘Are we alone?’ is one of the biggest unanswered questions,” Chen said in the release. “If we can predict which planets are most likely to host life, then we might get that much closer to answering it within our lifetimes.”
The research team is the first to combine 3D climate modeling with atmospheric chemistry to explore the habitability of planets around M dwarf stars, the release said. By considering the star’s radiation and the planet’s rotation rate, the researchers have redefined the conditions that make a planet habitable.
The Northwestern team collaborated with researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder, NASA’s Virtual Planet Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They found that planets orbiting stars that emit a lot of ultraviolet radiation lose significant water to vaporization. Planets around inactive or quiet stars are more likely to maintain liquid water that is life-sustaining, the study found.
The study also determined that planets with thin ozone layers, which otherwise have habitable surface temperatures, receive dangerous UV levels — hazardous for complex surface life.
M dwarf planets are the frontrunners in this search because they are numerous and easier to find and investigate.
“For most of human history, the question of whether or not life exists elsewhere has belonged only within the philosophical realm,” Chen said in the release. “It’s only in recent years that we have had the modeling tools and observational technology to address this question.”
Email: [email protected]
Twitter: @pamesjollard |
Overstable vs Understable Discs
If your buddy tells you that he needs to get a driver that is a little more stable, do you know what he means? The truth is, it depends on the context. If he is throwing a flippy (understable) disc, like an I-Blend Sphinx, he probably means that he wants something more overstable. If he is throwing an overstable disc, like a Concrete Slab, and he says he wants something more stable, he wants something less overstable. With the current terminology, it isn’t always clear what the speaker is saying about stability.
Most of us are familiar with the four-number flight rating commonly used in our sport. Those numbers tell us the relative speed we need to throw the disc, the glide (or how long the disc will stay aloft), the amount of lateral movement at higher speeds, and the amount of lateral movement as the disc slows down. But, even those numbers have their weaknesses and are typically just general guidelines.
Over- and Understable
This blog post will address the meaning of overstable and understable flights. I will give examples of discs that are known for their stability. I will also discuss when those discs could be used during a round of disc golf.
When we talk about the stability of a disc, for example, how overstable a disc is, we are referring to a discs tendency to resist turning to the right on a Right Hand Back Hand (RHBH) throw during the high speed portion of the flight, and fade hard to the left as the disc slows down.
Disc Golf Physics
physics disc golf
What makes a disc over- or understable? Without getting into the theory and science of disc golf flight, let me offer some unscientific views of disc golf physics that seem to accurately reflect the effects of aerodynamics on real-world disc flight.
When a disc leaves the thrower’s hand, it is usually flying at the highest speed at that point, and will only slow down more during the flight. During that high-speed phase, the forces acting on the disc are stronger in favor of turning the disc to the right, due to the rotational forces and the effects of the higher speeds on the disc rim shape. How much the disc turns depends on the speed of the throw (we will discount the environmental factors), and the design of the disc.
As the disc slows, the forces causing it to turn to the right no longer overpower the forces causing it to turn to the left, and the disc begins to fade to the left until it falls to the ground. That’s an oversimplified explanation about the flight, but for our purposes, it works. To be fair, the physics behind the flight of the disc is academic when it comes to selecting discs. We don’t need to know why a discs flies the way it does (although, it is interesting to study), we just need to know that certain discs do fly a certain way.
Overstable Discs: What and When
overstable discs what and when
An overstable disc, as mentioned above, tends to resist turning to the right during the high speed portion of the flight. Knowing that fact, and that the disc will fade hard to the left sooner in its flight than a less overstable disc, lets us choose shots that can help in a given situation. When applying the four-number flight system, overstable discs will have a high fade and usually a small turn number (usually 1, 0, or -1). Here are some examples of when we might reach for an overstable disc:
Headwind – Since overstable discs resist the tendency to turn at high speeds, they are a perfect candidate for throwing into a headwind. Although a headwind increases their chances of turning, if you throw a disc that is sufficiently overstable, it will still fight the turn and give you the straight shot you are looking for. There is no better indicator that you chose the wrong disc than to throw it into a headwind and have it turn hard to the right and dive toward the ground!
Flex shot – a flex shot is one that is intentionally thrown on an anhyzer angle to achieve some amount of forced right turn, knowing that the disc will eventually fight the anhyzer angle and finish to the left. With an overstable disc, you are confident the disc WILL end up fading left.
Downhill shot – Throwing down a steep hill will keep the disc at the high-speed phase of the shot for a lot longer, so you may not want any turn during that extended high-speed portion of flight. As mentioned, the overstable disc resists the turn and is more likely to give you the straight shot you are looking for.
Straight, with a hard left finish – When you are looking for a straight shot with a hard left finish, you are pretty much using an overstable disc for what it was made for. A flat, level flight with a solid fade at the end is the definition of an overstable disc.
Forehand (flick) shot – Though not necessary, a lot of people prefer more overstable discs for their flick shot because of the increased torque and speed that is transferred to the disc. Then they don’t have to worry as much about the disc and its ability to fight the turn right out of their hand.
Overhand shot – similar to the forehand shot, the overhand shot (thumber or tomahawk), can be thrown with an overstable disc to get a faster rotation and more narrow overall shot.
Understable Discs: What and When
understable discs what and when
An understable disc flies with the opposite characteristics than an overstable disc. It has a tendency to turn to the right while the disc is at its highest speed. How much it turns depends on the third number in the four-number flight rating system. Typically, understable discs have a turn rating of -2, -3, or -4. The fade is usually smaller than overstable discs. Here are examples of when someone might throw an understable disc.
Tailwind – Since a tailwind decreases the amount of air flowing around the disc, a disc becomes more overstable. That makes an understable disc easier to throw. Overstable discs would just make a hard left turn, but an understable disc can still have a long flight.
Late turn to the right – thrown with a little hyzer, an understable disc can slowly roll into an anhyzer angle and turn to the right later in the flight. That might be a useful tool to use if you don’t have an effective forehand shot.
Roller – although it isn’t necessary to throw an understable disc as a roller shot, it certainly makes it easier to get the disc to turn over into the angle needed for a good roller. More overstable discs can still be forced into rollers, but an understable disc will allow a longer air shot before the disc turns over and becomes a roller. That kind of roller gives some of the longest distances you can get from a roller.
Uphill shot – Since an uphill throw uses more energy to gain in elevation, the disc will slow down faster and start to fade earlier. Throwing an understable disc gives the disc a longer flight before it starts to fade.
Giant s-curve – If you want maximum distance on your throw, you can achieve that goal by throwing an understable disc on a hyzer angle, and aim slightly up. That will allow the disc to slowly roll over while slightly climbing in elevation, then get the full distance of the shot by slowly stabilizing, then fading to the left. It is that similar flight path that is used when going for distance records. While you lose a little bit of accuracy, you make up for that in distance covered.
Headwind vs Tailwind – I’ve heard numerous people ask if they should throw an understable or an overstable disc in a headwind/tailwind. The easiest way to remember which is which, is to think about the throw from the perspective of the disc. If you are throwing the disc at 60 mph, and are throwing into a 20 mph headwind, from the perspective of the disc you are throwing 80 mph. An overstable disc will fight the extra speed better than an understable disc. An understable disc will turn even more than usual in a headwind.
Conversely, a tailwind in the above scenario would mean your effective speed of the disc would be 40 mph. An overstable disc thrown at that speed would starting fading very quickly, while an understable disc would fly just fine at that speed, making it the disc of choice in a tailwind.
Mold Examples
Examples of overstable and understable discs
Some examples of overstable discs include:
Concrete Slab (12, 3, 0, 4)
Scepter (9, 4, 0, 4)
examples of understable disc
Some examples of understable discs include:
Maya (12, 5, -3, 1)
Sphinx (9, 6, -3, 1)
Kon Tiki (4, 5, -3, 0)
understable disc
Having discs with a variety of stabilities is like having a variety of tools in our toolbox. Since we know we will always be facing many different scenarios on the course, it’s good to have confidence in our discs options. It’s always nice to have the right tool for the job.
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Questions & Answers 4 - Physiology - An Illustrated Review
Physiology - An Illustrated Review
Questions & Answers
Review Questions
1. During expiration,
A. airway compression may occur if pressure within the airways is less than the pressure in the pleural space.
B. airway compression will most likely occur at high lung volumes.
C. pressures due to recoil properties of the lungs are greatest at low lung volumes.
D. airway resistance is highest at high lung volumes.
E. muscular effort is required for airflow.
2. In a premature infant without pulmonary surfactant,
A. surface tension of alveoli is less than normal.
B. a greater than normal pressure difference between the inside and outside of the lungs is required for lung inflation.
C. large alveoli collapse more easily than small alveoli.
D. pressures due to surface tension in large and small alveoli are equal.
E. the lungs can be inflated with normal muscular effort.
3. What is the cause of a decrease in arterial Po2 with chronic bronchitis?
A. Increased V/Q for all regions of the lungs
B. Abnormally uneven V/Q
C. Decreased shunting of blood from the right to the left side of circulation
D. A higher Po2 in arterial blood than in alveolar gas
E. Decreased functional residual capacity
4. A patient with a normal vital capacity expires only 40% of his forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity in 1 second (FEV1/FVC). Which problem does this suggest?
A. Abnormally low lung compliance
B. Obstructive disease
C. Restrictive disease
D. Weak inspiratory muscles
E. Airflow limitation due to airway compression is less than normal.
5. Physiological dead space volume is unchanged by
A. increases in volume of the alveolar dead space.
B. widening of the airways above the respiratory zone.
C. increases in breathing frequency.
D. increases in volume of the anatomical dead space.
E. breathing through a tube (e.g., a snorkel).
For Question 6 and 7, the following data were obtained from a man during a pulmonary screening test: tidal volume = 447 mL, respiratory rate = 10 breaths/min, dead space volume =147 mL, Paco2 = 44 mm Hg.
6. What is his minute ventilation?
A. 40 mL/min
B. 44.7 mL/min
C. 4000 mL/min
D. 4200 mL/min
E. 4470 mL/min
7. What is his alveolar ventilation?
A. 1470 mL/min
B. 2940 mL/min
C. 3000 mL/min
D. 4323 mL/min
E. 5940 mL/min
8. When the ambient pressure in an aircraft is suddenly reduced to 190 mm Hg (¼ atmosphere, altitude 34,000 ft [10,363 m]), the pilot discovers that his O2 equipment fails to deliver any O2. What is the O2 tension in the cabin of the aircraft?
A. 20 mm Hg
B. 40 mm Hg
C. 60 mm Hg
D. 80 mm Hg
E. 100 mm Hg
9. Which of the following is true in pulmonary embolism?
A. The surface area available for gas exchange decreases.
B. The dead space is decreased.
C. Loose emboli travel to the brain.
D. Loose emboli cause strokes.
E. Pulmonary embolism is never fatal.
10. An elderly person is found unconscious after her gas house heater malfunctions. One-half the hemoglobin in her blood is bound to carbon monoxide. Which of the following is true?
A. P50 for O2 will be decreased from normal.
B. O2 content of blood at a Po2 of 100 mm Hg will be normal.
C. Arterial Pco2 will be increased by 50%.
D. Arterial Pco2 will be decreased by 50%.
E. O2 carried in physically dissolved form at a Po2 of 100 mm Hg will be less than normal.
11. An alveolar-to-arterial difference (a-a gradient) in the partial pressure of oxygen (Po2) will increase when
A. alveolar ventilation is reduced by a drug overdose.
B. shunting of blood from the right to the left side of the circulation is increased when a lobe of the lung fills with fluid (pneumonia).
C. diffusing capacity decreases because one lobe of a lung is removed.
D. breathing through a tracheostomy tube.
E. ventilation and perfusion in all parts of the lung are doubled.
12. Which of the following stimulates activity in central chemoreceptors?
A. Decreased partial pressure of oxygen (Po2)
B. Increased Pao2
C. Normal A-a Po2
D. Increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2)
E. Increased pH
13. During light to moderate exercise, i.e., before anaerobic metabolism becomes significant (and lactic acid production is increased), then you would expect that
A. Paco2 increases linearly with the severity of exercise.
B. Pao2 decreases linearly with the severity of exercise.
C. alveolar ventilation increases in proportion to the increased CO2 production.
D. minute ventilation increases in proportion to the increased Paco2.
E. the ratio of the dead space volume to tidal volume (VD/VT) increases.
Answers and Explanations
1. A. If pressure in the pleural space is greater than that within the airways, the pressure difference can compress the airways (p. 126).
B,D Airway compression is least likely to occur at high lung volumes because elastic recoil of the lungs is maximal, and airway resistance is minimal.
C Pressures due to recoil properties of the lungs are greatest at high lung volumes.
E Expiratory airflow is normally produced by elastic recoil, the potential energy stored in the lungs from the previous inspiration, and not by muscular effort.
2. B. According to the law of Laplace, the transpulmonary pressure (measured in dynes/cm2) required to prevent collapse of an alveolus (P) is directly proportional to surface tension (T) and inversely proportional to alveolar radius (r), as expressed by P = 2T/r. Therefore, a greater pressure difference is required to inflate alveoli to overcome surface forces (p. 130).
A Lack of surfactant will increase surface tension.
C Small alveoli collapse more easily than large alveoli.
D Lack of surfactant makes pressures different in large and small alveoli.
E More effort is needed to inspire.
3. B. Chronic bronchitis is associated with uneven ventilation to perfusion ratio (p. 139).
A V/Q does not increase.
C Blood flow does not change.
D Po2 in blood can never be higher than alveolar O2.
E The functional residual capacity is increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
4. B. Constricted bronchioles and bronchi in obstructive lung disease slow the rate of expiration (and inspiration) (p. 133).
A,D Abnormally low lung compliance and weak inspiratory muscles are typical of restrictive lung disease.
C In restrictive lung disease, the ratio FEV1/FVC is not reduced.
E Airway compression produces decreased vital capacity.
5. C. Increasing the frequency of breathing increases the ventilation of the dead space per minute, although it does not significantly affect the volume of the dead space for each breath (p. 134).
A,B,D Increases in alveolar or anatomical dead space, or widening the airways above the respiratory zone change physiological dead space.
E A snorkel also increases dead space, changes airway volume, and increases anatomical dead space.
6. E. His minute ventilation is tidal volume multiplied by the respiratory rate, or 447 mL × 10 breaths/min = 4470 mL/min (p. 134).
7. C. His alveolar ventilation is alveolar volume multiplied by the respiratory rate. Alveolar volume is tidal volume minus dead space, or 447 mL − 147 mL = 300 mL. 300 mL × 10 breaths/min = 3000 mL/min (p. 134).
8. B. The partial pressure of O2 is still 21% of the total pressure, so 0.21 × 190 mm Hg = 40 mm Hg (p. 136).
9. A. Emboli block the pulmonary arterial system, decreasing the area for gas exchange (p. 139)
B Pulmonary embolism increases dead space.
C,D The pulmonary capillary circulation filters emboli, so they do not travel to the brain and cause stroke.
E Severe emboli cause death due to hypoxia.
10. A. Poisoning of hemoglobin with CO causes the O2 dissociation curve to shift to the left, so the partial pressure where the available hemoglobin is 50% saturated with O2 is reduced (p. 141).
B Because CO competes with O2 for sites on the hemoglobin molecule, less O2 will be carried at a given Po2 level.
C, D Pco2 is determined by alveolar ventilation and virtually unaffected by the presence of CO.
E The presence of CO has no effect on O2 solubility in blood.
11. B. The A-a gradient increases when arterial Po2 is decreased, such as when blood is shunted from right-to-left. In this latter situation, the arterial Po2 is lowered when nonoxygenated blood mixes with oxygenated blood (p. 142).
A,D Hypoventilation by itself or a change in dead space is not associated with an increased alveolar-to-arterial Po2 difference.
C While removal of one lobe of a lung reduces diffusing capacity, an increase in the A-a gradient will only occur under extreme conditions (e.g., strenuous exercise).
E Uniformly doubling the ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) in all parts of the lungs will not change the ratio, V/Q.
12. D. Central chemoreceptors are highly sensitive to increased Pco2 or [H+] (p. 145).
A A low arterial Po2 stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors.
B, C An increased alveolar Po2 or normal A-a Po2 difference has no effect on chemoreceptors.
E Increasing pH means decreasing [H+], which decreases chemoreceptor activity.
13. C. Ventilation matches CO2 production during light to moderate exercise (p. 147).
A,B Paco2 and Pao2 change little during light to moderate exercise.
D Increased minute ventilation keeps Paco2 from increasing.
E The ratio VD/VT decreases because light to moderate exercise causes the dead space volume (VD) to decrease, and the tidal volume (VT) to increase. |
Stress hormone
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Stress hormones are secreted by endocrine glands to modify one's internal environment during times of stress.[1] By performing various functions such as mobilizing energy sources, increasing heart rate, and downregulating metabolic processes which are not immediately necessary, stress hormones promote the survival of the organism.[1] The secretions of some hormones are also downplayed during stress.[1] Stress hormones include, but are not limited to:[1]
1. ^ a b c d Ranabir, Salam; Reetu, K. (2011). "Stress and hormones". Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 15 (1): 18–22. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.77573. ISSN 2230-8210. PMC 3079864. PMID 21584161. |
What is the significance and why lord Krishna driving Arjuna's chariot in Mahabharat war?
Truly he didn't fight on either on the side of Kaurvas or Pandavas he gave his celestial army (Akshauhini) to Duryodhana and became the charioteer of Arjuna without participating in the battle such is Lord's glory.
It is partially explained here:— Why didn't Krishna take a more active part in Battle of Kurukshetra in Mahabharata?
but whole answer is here:—
—The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: SECTION VII
source:— http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m05/m05007.htm
• Nicely described, BTW did Krishna never used his Sudarshan chakra in the war? I listen only Sudarshan chakra was roaming around in the battle field and the armies were only for display purposes. It is true? Jan 26 '18 at 11:44
• @Kailash Chandra Polai yes, sudarshana chakra was there in mahabharata but not that way what you are saying is in shanti parva where lord krishna as supreme being says that it is lord rudra that was killing everyone and others were instrument other than that this chapter mentions a war between nara-narayana and rudra during daksha yajna which i think is not universey accepted in any daksha sacrifice chapter and shanti parva is most interpolated book of mahabharata, Jan 26 '18 at 12:10
• nara-narayana either performed peance at badrinath and got boon and that even shiva could not defeat them this is explained by vyasa telling why narayanastra did'nt worked on krishna and arjun while saving bhima from it. Jan 26 '18 at 12:10
• About sudarshana chakra you can ask it in your question as it was used to make a fake sunset. Jan 26 '18 at 12:13
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Another Name For Pigeon
Another Name For Pigeon
What does the slang word dove mean?
YW!What does the nickname dove mean?
French: pigeon doves (old young French bird), hence a professional metonymic name for a wood pigeon hunter or a nickname for a fool or gullible as the birds are easy to catch. In some cases a modified form of the French PetitJean.
Likewise, what is pigeon jargon for?
a spy. Last name. Snake A person who acts as a decoy or informant, specifically a person who acts as a spy for the police.
What does dove mean?
Dull meaning of the name. French: from Middle English peony, young bird peony, young pigeon (from Old French pijon), professional metonymic name for a wood pigeon hunter or nickname for a fool or gullible because the birds were easy to catch.
What is another name for pigeons?
nm Traveling wood pigeon, wood pigeon, wood pigeon, Columba fasciata, wood pigeon, trimmer, Columba livia, Cuchat, Columba palumbus, wood pigeon, wood pigeon, wood pigeon, wood pigeon, wood pigeon, wood pigeon, domestic pigeon, Ectopistes migratorius, pigeon.
What do New Yorkers call pigeons?
If you’ve ever been to New York, you’ve probably seen thousands of pigeons in the Big Apple, and while most New Yorkers would call them parasites, this woman calls them friends. She meets Tina Piña Trachtenburg, also known as the mother dove.
How do you spell dove?
Is the correct spelling of the English word pigeon [p_ˈ?
_N], [pˈ?
NS ?
n], [pˈ?
NS ?
n]] (IPA phonetic alphabet). Anagrams of PIGEON Genip, Ginep, Opine, Pengo, Pingo.
What is a seagull in a row?
Name. A male chaperone. that is, in gigolo. It is a seagull.
What does the pigeon taste like?
Surprisingly wild, the flavor reminded me more of a moose steak than any identifying poultry I’ve ever eaten. It’s the flavor of the pigeon! Yes, I served pigeon for dinner, although eaters call it differently: pigeon.
What is a paigon?
Artist Grime called the Prime Minister a paigon, a slang term for someone who is wrong, a liar or a traitor to his friend, but it seems some people didn’t understand what Stormzy was saying and thought he was using the word. pagan or even pig.
What is the female version of a scrub?
Often described as the feminine version of an exfoliant.
What does the pair of pigeons mean?
due. Last name. (Plural pigeons) twins, a boy and a girl.
Why does Travis call a pigeon?
Travis affectionately calls Abby a pigeon, or pidge. He later explains that the nickname symbolizes a winning poker card, a beautiful woman, a dove.
What is the difference between a pigeon and a pigeon?
There is no difference in scientific nomenclature between a pigeon and a pigeon, but everyday English tends to classify them by size. What is called a pigeon is usually smaller than what is called a pigeon, but this is not always the case. For example, a common pigeon is referred to as both a stone dove and a stone dove.
Are pigeons safe to eat?
Pigeons are direct food converters, like edible protein weeds, which leave ■■■■■ that can be used as fertilizer. In fact, eating pigeons is as American as eating pumpkin pie. Probably more, with an even net weight.
Are pigeons lucky?
Dove or dove Both birds have the same symbolism and are considered lucky charms. These birds usually mate for life and for this reason are considered a good sign of our love life. Seeing a flock of pigeons or doves mainly symbolizes the happiness of love.
What do you mean by seeing?
Vision Statement. An ambitious description of what an organization wants to achieve or achieve in the medium or long term. It should be a clear guideline for selecting current and future measures. See also declaration of assignment.
What is an example of a pidgin language?
Pidgins generally consist of a small vocabulary (Chinese English pidgin is only 700 words long), but some have become a native language for groups. Examples are Sea Island Creole (spoken in the Sea Islands of South Carolina), Haitian Creole, and Louisiana Creole.
What is a pigeon pigeon?
Definition of saddle pigeon. 1: a person who acts as a decoy or informant, in particular: a spy who is sent to a group to report her activities (to the police).
Another Name For Pigeon |
Appleton surname meaning, origin - english surname Appleton
The meaning of the surname Appleton is: From the name of several English towns, meaning "orchard" in Old English (a compound of æppel "apple" and tun "enclosure, yard").
The surname Appleton is present in the lists: Surnames, English surnames, Surnames start with letter A.
Number for the surname Appleton
The Number of the name nine (9) indicates people from the world of Bohemia, serving high ideals. A person with the surname Appleton she devotes her life to finding herself, sometimes painfully, and discovering her creative potential.
Stones of the number 9 for the surname Appleton: jet, charoite, sapphire, alexandrite, amethyst, turquoise, rauchtopaz, demantoid, diamond, aquamarine, aventurine, sardonyx, grossular, heliotrope, belomorite.
Planet of the number 9: Mars.
More: number of the surname Appleton
Meaning of letters in the surname Appleton
P - in surname Numerology, P can make a person seem wise beyond their years. It is a well of intellectual and spiritual knowledge.
Compatible with the surname Appleton english surnames
Abrahams English surnames, Abrams English surnames, Akerman English surnames, Akers English surnames, Alden English surnames, Anderson English surnames, Anson English surnames, Armistead English surnames, Attwater English surnames, Augustine English surnames, Bailey English surnames, Ball English surnames, Banner English surnames, Belmont English surnames, Bissette English surnames, Blakeslee English surnames, Blanchard English surnames, Blythe English surnames, Bone English surnames, Bourke English surnames...
Also check the compatibility of other surnames with the surname Appleton.
Famous people with the surname Appleton
1. Catholic Encyclopedia
action and doctrine". The Catholic Encyclopedia was published by the Robert Appleton Company (RAC), a publishing company incorporated at New York in February...
2. McGraw Hill Education
Retrieved May 26, 2007. "The McGraw-Hill Companies Completes Acquisition of Appleton & Lange". Archived from the original on January 3, 2013. Retrieved May...
3. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Mary Potter died in 1835 after a miscarriage. His second wife Frances Appleton died in 1861 after sustaining burns when her dress caught fire. After her...
4. Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
5. Popular Science
6. Appleton, Wisconsin
7. NHS Test and Trace
NHS Test and Trace is a government-funded service in England, established in 2020 to track and help prevent the spread of COVID-19. Despite its name, the...
8. The Post-Crescent
based in Appleton, Wisconsin. Part of the Gannett chain of newspapers, it is primarily distributed in numerous counties surrounding the Appleton/Fox Cities...
9. Nelson A. Miles
Nelson Appleton Miles (August 8, 1839 – May 15, 1925) was an American military general who served in the American Civil War, the American Indian Wars,...
10. Wisconsin Timber Rattlers
They are located in Grand Chute, Wisconsin, a town on the outskirts of Appleton in the Fox Cities, and are named for the timber rattlesnake, which is more... |
There seems to be a theme in Parshas Vayeshev around a coat or more generally an (upper) body garment:
1. Yosef's coat of many colors
2. Yosef's shirt soaked in blood of a wild animal
3. Yehuda's cloak as a collateral to Tamar
4. Yosef's garment that the wife of Potifar grabbed
Each time the article of clothing is a significant element to the story. Is there some deeper meaning behind this, that is explored in Rabbinic literature?
• Consider also in Vayigash, where Yosef gives his brothers special clothing.
– DonielF
Dec 24 '19 at 0:27
• In a plain sense, only Onkelos suggests that Yehudah gave his cloak, others translate it simply as cord. Dec 13 '20 at 16:21
The garment mentioned in each case was actually a sign as to who it belonged to. Rav Hirsch points out in Vayeishev 37:3
Rav Hirsch points out the special garment was made to show that Yaakov recognized the special character of Yosef.
פסים, from פסס, to cease to end, seems to be the trimming of the edges of a garment, which used to be made on all cloaks to mark the importance of the wearer.
Thus each cloak was identified as the property of the individual and showed who he was and what his position was. Since the cloak was identifiable as belonging to Yosef, then the brothers had to use it to make it appear that a wild animal had torn it from him and gotten his blood on it.
Since the cloak being worn by Yehuda was in a similar manner identified as his, he used it as security so that Tamar could give it back when she was paid. This would be like someone using a check or credit card in modern times.
Again, the cloak that the wife of Potiphar grabbed was also identifiable as Yosef's since he was the chief servant in the household and it showed who he was and what his position within the household was.
There does not have to be a deeper meaning in this respect.
It would be like a modern name tag on the garment in order to identify the owner.
• That’s a nice answer, thank you. I feel, however, that if there wasn’t a deeper a meaning then the Torah would not mention that detail (just like, to use your analogy, we wouldn’t mention ‘and he gave his credit card as payment’ when telling a story. It’s a minor detail.), in addition to concentrating these mentions relatively close together.
– user9806
Dec 24 '19 at 2:35
• @user9806 Since Yehuda gave the cloak and staff to her to hold, and they were identifiable as his, it is not quite like a check in modern times which would be cashed in the bank. It would be more like turning over the drivers license or the official ID badge that would have to be returned to the originsl owner when he gave her the cash that he owed her. This is more significant than just a check. Dec 26 '19 at 0:15
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What Is Bad Balance A Symptom Of?
What causes balance problems when walking?
Nerve damage to your legs (peripheral neuropathy)..
Can balance disorders be cured?
Vestibular balance disorders can affect orientation and balance. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and can include medicine, rehabilitation, and lifestyle changes. You may need surgery for symptoms that do not resolve with other treatments.
What vitamin is good for balance?
How do I get my balance back?
What foods help your balance?
What causes balance issues in older adults?
Does walking improve balance?
What part of the body controls balance?
Can stress affect your balance?
How do you treat balance disorder naturally?
10 Home Remedies for VertigoEpley maneuver.Semont-Toupet maneuver.Brandt-Daroff exercise.Gingko biloba.Stress management.Yoga and tai chi.Adequate amount of sleep.Hydration.More items…
What medications can cause loss of balance?
How medications can affect your balanceantidepressant drugs, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)anti-anxiety drugs, such as benzodiazepines.anticholinergic/antispasmodic drugs (used to treat stomach cramps)antihistamines.More items…
Does b12 affect balance?
What neurological disorders cause balance problems?
How do you fix balance problems?
What is the best exercise for balance?
At what age does balance decline?
How long does balance disorder last?
How can elderly improve their balance?
14 Exercises for Seniors to Improve Strength and BalanceExercise 1: Single Limb Stance. It’s best to start off with a simple balance exercise for seniors. … Exercise 2: Walking Heel to Toe. … Exercise 3: Rock the Boat. … Exercise 4: Clock Reach. … Exercise 5: Back Leg Raises. … Exercise 6: Single Limb Stance with Arm. … Exercise 7: Side Leg Raise. … Exercise 8: Balancing Wand.More items… |
Machine Learning
Data Annotation and Data labeling services enable machines to gain an accurate understanding of real-world conditions and open up opportunities for a wide variety of businesses and industries. Basically, Data labeling is the process of detecting and tagging unstructured data to structured datasets for Machine Learning. The Data labeling process is both manual and assisted by software. So, Data labeling services are used when constructing Machine learning algorithms for major industries like Autonomous vehicles, Healthcare, Finance, Entertainment, E-commerce, Real estate, Management Work, etc.
Machine Learning is a very important part of AI. Machine learning is about the science of giving computers the ability to learn and it is being used daily in our lives through various significant applications such as self-driving cars, speech recognition, searches, and recommendations. And let us tell you a fact. Machine learning is one of the most significant tech trends and surely it’s going to bring revolution in many industries. It seems that AL and ML algorithms are presently being used in as many kinds of software applications as possible to make the work faster, easier and accurate.
Use Of Data Set in machine learning
ML depends heavily on data, without data, it is impossible for an “AI” to learn. So basically Data annotation and Data Labeling services are the initial steps in AI projects. ML uses accurate and labeled data. Machine Learning is the most crucial aspect that makes algorithm training possible. No matter how great your AI team is or the size of your data set, if your data set is not good enough, your entire AI project will fail! I have seen fantastic projects fail because we didn’t have a good data set despite having the perfect use case and very skilled data scientists.
Artificial intelligence, ML, and data labeling services three are helping many industries to increase their efficiency and growth. Basically due to increasing competition, every industry & brand needs to overcome the traditional challenges & have a modern approach. So are opting for AI technology. The modern approach through AI & Data Labeling services also helps to reduce costs and attract new customers. Thus, AI and data labeling services are helping many industries and sector to grow in the most efficient and effective manner. |
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Boat Inspections and Cleaning Services
Boat inspections are required when the vessel is more than 25 years old. Boats that have been in storage for this amount of time are not as thoroughly examined as newer models. As a result, boat owners may not know that minor mechanical problems exist that can result in costly repairs. Here are some common problems that can surface during boat inspections.
Boat InspectionsThe primary purpose of boat inspections is to detect mechanical failures in engines, pumps, outboard motors, electronics, propellers, and structural components. All watercraft are potential carriers for aquatic nuisance organisms. Many types of aquatic insects, including arthropods and marine mites, are readily transferred to a boat when unsuitable boating conditions are present. Boat inspections are also necessary to prevent these creatures from preying on nearby marine life. Boaters should examine their vessels for obvious flaws to avoid having to pay for expensive treatments to prevent the transfer of harmful organisms.
Boat Flux InspectionsThere is several types of visible pollutants that can be detected during routine boat inspections. Nitrates are a common contaminant found in treated wastewaters. They are a byproduct of industrial and agricultural activities and are particularly dangerous to sensitive aquatic species such as turtles. Vast concentrations of nitrites and nitrates can be detected in large bodies of water such as bays, rivers, and even the ocean. Some types of pollutants may be more prevalent in certain parts of the United States, while others can be found all over the world. Boat inspectors regularly inspect for various types of marine pollutants to be on the safe side when cruising or sailing in any body of water.
Boat Stewards Aided DecontaminationMany types of pollutants can be cleaned through the use of chemicals, but decontamination is often essential. An inspection of the chemical storage areas can prevent the accidental dispersal of harmful chemicals while keeping aquatic wildlife healthy and safe. The boating executive director will be responsible for making sure that all materials, from boats to electronics, are safe and present no danger to anyone. Through the use of professional and effective decontamination solutions, boat inspectors can assist in cleaning processes and ensure that everything is ready for use.
Boat Aide MaintenanceJune is National Juneteenth, a special day where American enthusiasts unite to celebrate the long history of this country’s passion for freedom and independence. Boats and other water vessels make history every year as they travel across borders and across the oceans in celebration of our founding principles. Vessels grace the water in a variety of colors representing the colors of the United States, and provide locals and visitors with the chance to learn more about the history of America’s boat culture. Boat inspections are one way that businesses can benefit from an examination of the vessel’s fittings, structures, wiring, appliances, and other components. This inspection is especially important during the summer months, when boat owners typically see the largest increases in impurities, waste products, and other potential problems.
Boat Examinations and Cleaning inspections are especially important at local marinas, shorelines, and other areas used by boaters. Boat inspections allow boaters to maintain their vessels in good condition and maintain their privacy. Because most boat owners do not feel comfortable inspecting their vessels on their own, hiring reputable boat inspection services ensures that important safety-related issues are addressed. Boaters who want to have the assurance that their vessels are in good operating condition should consider having an inspection performed. In the Adirondack park, professional boat inspectors will also offer information about aquatic invasive species, what they mean to the environment, and how they can be prevented.
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Why Indians Nod Their Heads from Side to Side
Indians wobbling their heads rapidly from side to side during a conversation may be perplexing to people who are not familiar with Indian culture; fortunately, understanding how the gesture works is not that complicated.
While it is universally understood that shaking the head from side to side means “no” and moving the head up and down means “yes”, the unique Indian style of nodding is something else entirely.
With the Indian nod, a headshake may mean “Yes”, “Good”, “OK” or “I understand,” depending on the context, according to TripSavvyIt further confuses foreigners, as the side to side shaking we often attribute to convey the negative is instead portraying affirmation.
In a sense, the nod can be considered as the non-verbal equivalent of the versatile Hindi word achha, which also varies in meaning based on the context it is used. Depending on how it is spoken, achha could also mean “Yes”, “Good”, “OK” or “I understand.”
With over 20 official languages and several hundred more dialects in India, nonverbal communication such as hand gestures and head wobbles allow for easier communication between people from different states. And while heads are wobbled differently from one region to another, what they portray are essentially the same.
Understanding the Wobble
Paying close attention is key to understanding this non-verbal communication, since almost every part of the entire face is involved in the gesture. Notice how the gesture is more than just shaking side to side, as the head is also tilted in arcs, while the chin moves like a pendulum.
To convey a “yes” or an “alright”, one might do a quick wobble from side to side.
To show a sign of friendship and respect, a person may do a soft wobble, usually paired with a smile.
A person letting you know he understands what you mean may gesture with a fast and continuous head wobble.
In some cases, a head wobble may also be used as an alternative to “thank you” or an acknowledgement of someone’s presence.
Of course, not everyone showing agreement can be taken at face value. As this helpful video from This Is Barry thoroughly explains, a head wobble can also be used to convey sarcasm or indicate that someone is just enjoying some beats.
Featured Image via YouTube / This is Barry
Related Posts |
What type of literary device or twist does the author use at the end of the lottery?
Shirley Jackson employs irony at the end of “The Lottery.” Irony is a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words.
What literary device is used in The Lottery?
I hope you’ve found this “The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson analysis useful. “The Lottery” uses a number of literary devices to create a story that is almost impossible to forget. It is filled with symbolism, irony and a clear understanding of how to tell a story as well as willingness to embrace controversy.
What is the plot twist at the end of The Lottery?
How does the author use irony in The Lottery?
In Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery” irony is an underlying theme used throughout the story. The setting is introduced as a “clear and sunny” day, but ends with the brutal death of a housewife (715). The two people who essentially run the town, Mr. … The plot as a whole in “The Lottery” is filled with ironic twists.
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What type of irony is the ending of The Lottery?
As you progress through the book, you are lulled into a sense of comfort and begin wondering who will be the lucky winner. The irony lies at the end of the book, when you realise with horror that the winner is not so lucky after all. The “prize” of the lottery is a public stoning.
How many literary devices are there?
22 Different Types of Literary Devices and How to Use Them. Writers use a wide variety of literary devices across different genres. Each literary device serves a specific purpose. Understanding how to correctly wield these devices can significantly improve your own writing.
What Is the lottery a metaphor for?
The shabby and splintered box that holds the lottery tickets is a metaphor for the increasingly worn and outdated lottery ritual. The black color of the box can be compared to the darkness of the lottery, which ends in the death of a community member at the hands of his or her neighbors.
Why do they kill Tessie in the lottery?
What happens to Mrs Hutchinson at the end?
The woman selected by the lottery to be sacrificed, she is stoned to death by the villagers at the very end of the story. Tessie arrives late at the lottery, saying she forgot the day.
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What is the main symbol of the lottery?
How is the lottery ironic in the story usually a lottery winner?
Expert Answers
Why is the setting of the lottery ironic?
World of excitement |
Why does Vietnamese sound so different?
This is because Thai has less number of vowels, while Vietnamese has more exotic-sounding vowels that are difficult (for non-native speakers) to distinguish from one another.
Why do Vietnamese sound weird?
Compared to languages like Korean or Spanish, Vietnamese is definitely not as “fluid” or smooth sounding. The reason is that Vietnamese is a tonal language. In other words, the pitch at which you say certain letters could alter the definition of the word.
What does Vietnamese sound like to foreigners?
Vietnamese has often been described as sounding like birdsong because of its expressive flourishes and the way it seems to flutter along like the wings of a hummingbird. For foreigners who are just starting to learn the language, it sounds like a hopelessly incomprehensible stream of emotionally-charged music.
Why do Vietnamese have high voices?
The phenomenon that you perceive as high-pitched is the tonality of some Asian languages, like Chinese (and its dialects), Vietnamese, Thai or Lao. Tonality means that the pitch, contour of vowels is an additional feature of syllables, that can – when altered – lead to different words.
Why do Vietnamese sound like Chinese?
Vietnamese sound more like Cantonese because regions using Cantonese are closer to Vietnam than to Mandarin areas. And according to language history, Cantonese is older than Mandarin and old oral classical Chinese is more similar to Cantonese than Mandarin.
FASCINATINGLY: You asked: How long is a Thai tourist visa valid for?
How difficult is Vietnamese?
What language sounds most like Vietnamese?
To my ears Vietnamese sounds something like a cross between Chinese, especially Cantonese and Vietnam’s neighbouring languages like Lao or Thai (I know Thailand is not a direct neighbour, but it’s closely related to Lao and is another candidate for prettiest language on earth).
Does English sound like hissing?
The answer I’ve heard most is that English is very sibilant, with s, x, z and sh sounds. So it’s often characterised as ‘sounding like hissing’. I notice the hiss from time to time, even as a native speaker. Especially when lots of people are saying the same thing.
What is the hardest language to learn?
The Hardest Languages To Learn For English Speakers
2. Arabic. …
3. Polish. …
4. Russian. …
5. Turkish. …
6. Danish.
What is the best way to learn Vietnamese?
The world’s most popular way to learn Vietnamese online
How do Vietnamese show affection?
FASCINATINGLY: What spices do Filipino use?
Is Vietnam still communist?
Government of Vietnam
Do Vietnamese people avoid eye contact?
To convey respect and other traditional values, Vietnamese usually choose non-verbal gestures, such as gentle bows, friendly smiles, nods and by avoiding direct eye contact. … Thus, avoiding eye-contact in talking to people who are not an equal or the same sex is deemed to be appropriate, polite behavior in Vietnam.
Keep Calm and Travel |
Question: Is Philippines a first world country?
Country Human Development Index 2021 Population
Philippines 0.699 111,046,913
Egypt 0.696 104,258,327
Vietnam 0.694 98,168,833
Indonesia 0.694 276,361,783
Is Philippines a Third World country?
Do the Philippines belong to First World countries?
Yes, they are. The country fits the definition by both historical and modern definitions. It is a developing country with a high infant mortality rate, limited access to health care, and a low GDP per capita. Even though the Philippines is a third world country, it has a lot to offer.
What is considered 1st world country?
First-world countries tend to have stable currencies and robust financial markets, making them attractive to investors from all over the Earth. Examples of first-world countries include the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and some Western European countries.
Is Philippines one of the poorest country in Asia?
Other countries in Asia are not as prosperous. Below are the poorest countries in Asia based on GDP per capita.
Poorest Asian Countries 2021.
FASCINATINGLY: Your question: Can foreigners get a job in Singapore?
Country Philippines
GDP (IMF ’19) $356.68 Bn
GDP (UN ’16) $304.91 Bn
Per Capita $304.91 Bn
Is Philippines the worst country?
An international labor group has once again named the Philippines as one of the world’s ten worst countries for workers. … The ITUC named Bangladesh, Belarus, Brazil, Colombia, Egypt, Honduras, Myanmar, the Philippines, Turkey, and Zimbabwe as the top ten worst countries for workers in 2021.
Who is the richest country in the world?
• Norway. The GDP of Norway ranks as the second-largest in the world. …
• Switzerland. …
• Ireland. …
• Iceland.
Is Philippines richer than India?
Why Philippines is still a poor country?
The main causes of poverty in the country include the following: low to moderate economic growth for the past 40 years; low growth elasticity of poverty reduction; … recurrent shocks and exposure to risks such as economic crisis, conflicts, natural disasters,and “environmental poverty.”
Is Philippines a periphery country?
Examples of semi-periphery countries are India, China, Indonesia, Mexico, Brazil, South Africa and Philippines(periphery to core) and East European countries (core to periphery).
Keep Calm and Travel |
Why did the Spanish take over the Philippines?
How did Spain come to take over and control the Philippines?
Forty-four years after Ferdinand Magellan discovered the Philippines and died in the Battle of Mactan during his Spanish expedition to circumnavigate the globe, the Spaniards successfully annexed and colonized the islands during the reign of Philip II of Spain, whose name remained attached to the country.
Why did Spain take over the Philippines quizlet?
Spain handed over Philippines to the U.S after losing the Spanish-American War. Filipino nationalists, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, attacked American soldiers. … The Filipino people were fighting to be free and independent.
What are the disadvantages of Spanish colonization in the Philippines?
Throughout the colonization of the Philippines, the Spanish benefited economically from the Philippines but hindered the natives socially and through taxation. … Two main ways that Spain was detrimental to Filipinos was by improper taxation and the friars and priests enforcing religion, language, and social norms.
FASCINATINGLY: How can I change my child's name in Singapore?
Why did America want the Philippines?
What did the US gain from the Philippines?
Why did the United States become involved in the Philippines affairs?
Which major event of the war occurred in the Philippines?
The US defeated the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay.
Keep Calm and Travel |
the process
How are PCB’s (Printed Circuit Boards) made?
The process involves 18 complex steps.
The design
The PCB designer routes the traces and places components based on a schematic diagram.
Printing the design
The design of the PCB is printed onto a film that shows the details and layers of the board.
Creating the substrate
Copper is bonded to both sides of the substrate (epoxy resin and glass fiber) using a large oven.
Printing the inner layers
The design is printed to a laminate using blue photo-sensitive film (photoresist) that covers the structure.
Ultraviolet light
The photoresist and laminate go under ultraviolet lights that harden the photoresist, revealing circuitry.
Remove unwanted copper
A chemical solution eats away at the unwanted copper. The hardened photoresist remains intact.
After the photoresist is removed, an X-ray machine is used to inspect the board for any defects.
Pressing the layers
Prepreg (epoxy resin) and copper layers are aligned with metal pins, pressed together, and clamped.
Laminating the layers
The PCB goes through a laminating press, which melts the prepreg epoxy and fuses the layers together.
Holes are drilled into the layers by a computer-guided drill to expose the substrate and inner panels.
The PCB is bathed in chemicals which coat the panel with a thin copper layer and also plates the holes.
Outer layer imaging
Another layer of photoresist is applied to the outside layers and UV light hardens the photoresist.
The panel is plated with copper a second time. A thin layer of tin guard is then plated to the board.
Acid removes any unwanted copper. The tin guard layer protects the copper intended to remain.
Solder mask application
The solder mask epoxy is applied and baked onto the board, which gives the board its unique green color.
Component labels and outlines are silkscreened onto the board using white ink. Then it is coated and cured.
Surface finish
The PCB is plated with a tin finish which will increase the quality and bond of the solder.
Finally, a technician will perform an electrical test on the board using an ultra fast “flying probe” testing machine.
This video was created by Strange Parts to show the
entire manufacturing process from start to finish.
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Quick Answer: Can You Activate Yeast With Salt?
Does yeast need salt to rise?
In yeast-raised baked goods, salt plays an vital role in stabilizing the yeast.
Yeast needs the water present in bread or cracker dough to become active and start producing carbon dioxide, the gas bubbles that cause all the expansion needed for dough to rise..
Can you add salt to bread dough after it has risen?
Yes, you can add salt after dough has gone through its first rise. To do this, simply add your salt and lightly knead your dough before shaping and leaving for the final proofing stage.
How do I clean my yeast infection?
Do not scratch. Relieve itching with a cold pack or a cool bath. Do not wash your vaginal area more than once a day. Use plain water or a mild, unscented soap.
What kills active dry yeast?
Water at 81° to 100°F is the optimum temperature range for the fermentation process. Water at 95°F is the fermentation temperature that yields the best result. Water at 140°F or higher is the kill zone for yeast. At temps like this or higher, you will have no viable live yeast left.
What is the difference between dry yeast and instant yeast?
The main difference between popular yeast varieties is their moisture content. What this boils down to is that active dry yeast must be dissolved in liquid before it is incorporated into other ingredients, whereas instant yeast can be mixed directly into dry ingredients.
Do you need to proof active dry yeast?
Instant dry yeast don’t need it. Active dry yeast must be reactivated by proofing in warm water, or the bread won’t rise adequately. Late to the party but, YOU DO NOT need to “prove” (as it was called way back when) yeast BEFORE using it UNLESS you are unsure of it.
Is active dry yeast better than instant yeast?
Instant yeast particles are smaller, which allows them to dissolve more quickly. The benefit of baking with active-dry yeast is that by blooming it in water, you can guarantee that it’s still alive. If you add instant yeast to a mixture of flour and salt, there’s no way to know for sure if it’s still alive.
Does salt water kill yeast?
How can you tell if active dry yeast is activated?
What happens if yeast is not activated?
If you have some yeast left, or buy a new packet, rehydrate it in a little water (a tablespoon/15ml or so is plenty) at about 100 degrees F (38C), give it 5-15 minutes of undisturbed soaking time, and mix into the dough – add a little flour if needed to compensate for the additional liquid.
What happens if you dont activate yeast?
If it’s not, you might still be okay as long as your liquid ingredients weren’t cold. Activating the yeast is actually just done to ensure that the yeast is in fact still alive (and to give it a bit of a harder “shell”, i.e. it won’t die just because the ingredients are too cold or hot as easily).
How do you activate yeast?
To do this, mix together lukewarm water, sugar and yeast, stirring vigorously to ensure the yeast is fully dissolved. Cover, and set aside in a warm place for 5 to 10 minutes. Once froth forms on top, your yeast is activated and ready to use. |
Independence Day
It seems like such a long time since the Great British crown had rule over the 13 North American colonies, and the growing hostility against the British colonial rule escalated into an eight year conflict, despite the ‘Declaration of Independence‘ being drafted by ‘Thomas Jefferson‘ in 1776, the fighting started in 1775 and didn’t resolve until 1783. Initially the small minority who desired independence was so few they were considered radical and a little odd, but as tensions grew, fighting escalated, France joined in supporting the colonists, and propaganda began to spread, more and more grew in favour of the break away from British rule. ‘Thomas Paine‘, who was a British born colonist, and an influential Deist, drafted up a pamphlet titled ‘Common Sense’ who’s intention was to put forward desirable arguments for the support of Independence, and is considered the key motivator for the American Revolution, as well as British Parliament forcing taxes upon them, when they had no representation there.
“Hither have they fled, not from the tender embraces of the mother, but from the cruelty of the monster; and it is so far true of England, that the same tyranny which drove the first immigrants from home, pursues their descendants still.” – Thomas Paine
Powerful words, I’m sure you’ll agree, and it’s no wonder the colonists reflected upon what was written and quickly gathered in numbers to revolt. In the summer of 1776, representatives of the 13 colonies gathered at ‘Continental Congress in Philadelphia‘ to decide to dissolve any political connection between America and Great Britain, and this was the birth of the ‘United States of America‘. On July the 1st the agreement was voted 12/13 with New York not submitting a vote. Upon reading Jefferson’s draft, the voting changed with 9/13 with two voted no, Pennsylvania and South Carolina, Delaware undecided and New York remained uninvolved. Widespread mock funerals of ‘King George III‘ were celebrated throughout the summer to symbolise their revolt against a British rule, and what many colonists considers tyranny. It wasn’t until four days later, on the 8th July, that the declaration was read publicly at ‘Philadelphia’s Independence Square‘. It wasn’t until 94 years later that Congress signed a law stating that Independence Day would become a national holiday.
What’s interesting is the wording, and how many Americans celebrate the Independence, despite not agreeing with, or respecting what’s written on the draft. America is far from considering equality a priority, and if every man is created equal, then every man is entitled to liberty and happiness, and that shouldn’t matter what your allegiances are with regarding religion, racial, political or sexual. It seems to me that the ‘Declaration of Independence’ was written by people who understood what liberty actually means, as liberty is about living freely without restrictions on your life. Also the draft refers to the creator as nature’s god, and anyone who’s familiar with the meaning of that knows that it refers to Deism, where the creator doesn’t influence, or have any involvement in its creation. Many Americans believe that their country was founded on the belief of the Christian god, but this is as uncertain as it can be, and it’s recognised that at the time of the Declaration, there was a big insurgence of Deism throughout the colonies. Deism accept that a creator made everything, but leaves nature to rule its course. This is known as natural law, and Deism came about in the ‘Age of Enlightenment‘ where the scientific theory was acknowledged. Thomas Jefferson was known to be quite a strict Deist, and opposed to the supernatural and regarded it as ridiculous, and there are claims that he cut out the supernatural parts of the Bible, which has been coined as the ‘Jefferson’s Bible’. So, by all accounts, the founding father’s didn’t create America with the Christian god in mind, but try telling them that, and see where it gets you.
Adolf Hitler: atheist or fanatical religious cultist?
This is perhaps one of the most debated topics between theists and atheists seen on social media, and Christians always claim he was an an atheist as no true Christian would perform the atrocities that Hitler, and his devout followers were responsible for, but people who think using logic and rationality know full well that’s far from the truth, and many leaders have killed in the name of their god for political gain. It’s pure ignorance to not acknowledge this. In all fairness, the only person who truly knows what Adolf Hitler’s religious views were are Hitler himself, but he’s dead, so the only option we have is to obtain facts through reliable sources. I’ve written a few articles previously that touched upon Hitler, and the Nazi party’s religious beliefs, and I shall amalgamate them into this article, and add to it.
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945)
Adolphus Hitler was born on April 20, 1889, in Braunau am Inn, an Austrian town beside the Austro-German border. He would ultimately become the chancellor of Germany from 1933, and become the dictator of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI) and was known as Der Führer, but let’s take a step back and start at the beginning. At the time of his birth, Austria was the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and was predominantly German speaking, and the population of Jews was approximately 2,000,000, and tensions were high with the Christian Social Party, who were an antisemitic, Catholic nationalist party, who were considered one of the key influences for Hitler’s Nazism. The vast majority of people in the Austro-Hungarian Empire were Catholic, with Protestants, Eastern Orthodox, Judaism and Islam making up the rest. A small minority were pagans, and barely anyone openly admitted atheism, as it simply wasn’t accepted in society as everyone was expected to adhere to a faith.
Adolf’s father was born out of wedlock, Alois Schicklgruber, changed his name to Alois Hitler, and Adolf was born from Klara Pölzl, Alois’ third wife. She was deeply devout in her a Catholic religion, and regularly attended church with her children, and on her deathbed in 1907, where she had terminal breast cancer, she concluded that her fate was god’s will. Her death was extremely traumatic and had a lasting impression on her 18 year old son. Hitler tried to get into the Academy of Arts in Vienna due to his dreams of being a painter. One of his most prized and famous paintings was that of Mary and baby Jesus.
Mother Mary with the Holy Child Jesus Christ
He failed the exam and started to paint watercolours of Vienna to earn enough money to move to Munich in 1913. Hitler found himself interested in politics from a young age and paid particular interest to German racist nationalism propagated by politician Georg von Schönerer. It wasn’t until the outbreak of the Great War (World War one) that he found his purpose in life. In 1923 he attempted to seize power in Munich and was jailed. During the imprisonment he started writing his book Mein Kampf (My Struggle).
After his release he gained support for his promotion of Pan-Germanism, anti-semitism and anti-communism. Hitler was appointed as Chancellor and leader of the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei on 30/01/33. He immediately started to create his Nazi Germany with one political party pushing National Socialism (Nazism), promoting antisemitism & anti-communism, and promoted his idea of the Third Reich: Nazi Germany and its regime from 1933-45. The First Reich was the medieval ‘HOLY’ Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806. The Second Reich included the German Empire from 1871-1918. Christianity had an active involvement in the Nazi party, and how, especially in the Catholic Church the involvement went all the way to the top, and even the Pope Pius XII (Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli) never condemned their actions, and met Hitler on several occasions, and signed the Reichskonkordat, which was treaty between the Nazi party, and the Vatican when he was the Cardinal Secretary of State, before he became the Pope.
Nazi Third Reich belt buckle ‘God with us’
Christian apologists use desperate measures to try and make society believe that the Catholic Church wasn’t in bed with the emerging Nazi party, in the 1930s, previous to the events of World War II, but it’s been covered by many historians, and especially in the book ‘Hitler’s Pope’ by John Cornwell. Scholars have researched, and studied Nazi records, and it’s been clarified that the non-religious played next to no part other than victims of the Axis forces. At the time of the rise of the Nazi party, the majority of Germany was of some branch of Christian faith, and most of them were strong supporters of Hitler and his values. The support from Christianity and its churches continued even after Germany started World War II, and the true nature of the cruel dictatorship came to light. The only way that fascism could rise to power, was through support, but why did it gain support in Germany, Italy and other European countries that were predominantly Christian? In Germany 2/3rds were Protestant Christian and the rest Catholic leaving a tiny percentage adhering to paganism.
Johan Heinrich Ludwig Müller, was a Prussian member of the Nazi party, and was a prominent member of the ‘German Christian’ movement, which was a sect of the German Evangelical Church (Deutsche Evangelische Kirche), where he became Reichsbischof (Reich Bishop). The ‘German Christian’ were associates with Positive Christianity (Positives Christentum) which was a combination of Nazi ideology and Christianity with an obsession with ‘Christ Killers’, who were Jews. They encouraged Christian anti-Semitism which became responsible for the Holocaust, and wish to ‘de-Judaize’ the Bible and refused to accept that Jesus was a Jew and believed that he was the first true Aryan.
I have not tolerated an atheist in the ranks of the SS. Every member has a deep faith in God, in what my ancestors called in their language Waralda, the ancient one, the one who is mightier than we are.” – Heinrich Himmler Reichsführer SS
In Europe from the start of the 20th century, the Jews were seen as being materialistic, and supporters of modernism, which angered both Catholics and Protestants and enforced anti-semitism, and the Germanic nations began to consider the Jews as a curse. Many agreed with Müller that Jesus was the first true Aryan soldier who was put on earth to cleanse it of Jews, and that the Aryans are the only real humans that are descendants of Adam and Eve. Hitler himself said in several speeches that he was continuing God’s work in his fight against the Jews. The term Untermensch became a common way for the German population to describe the Jews, which means ‘Subhuman’. The anti-semitism in Germany was so strong that they considered the Jews to be children of Satan, and like vermin, they needed to be exterminated. Even as Jews were taken from their homes and taken to Nazi death camps, the support from the common German remained strong. Germanic Aryanism was described as the Volkisch movement, and Joseph Goebbels, who was Hitler’s close friend, and the minister of Propaganda, publicly stated that if the Nazi party had adopted this ideology sooner, then they’d have gained power after Germany’s defeat in World War I.
The Nazi party gained much support from the German nationals because they were scared of democracy which brought secularism, and with Communism also spreading around Europe, fascism was Germany’s defence against its influence. Many of the high ranking Nazis were born into Catholic households, were baptised and attended churches regularly. Adolf Hitler went to school at a Monastery, and found the power the priests had to be intoxicating, and according to some scholars he even considered priesthood before his interest in politics began. In 1933 he gave a speech to the Reichstag where he said that ‘Christianity was the “foundation” for German values’, which received a standing ovation. Obviously the Nazi party used propaganda, and perhaps some of Hitler’s speeches were designed to touch the hearts of the listeners, but it cannot be denied that the 60,000,000 inhabitants of Germany, as a majority supported Hitler and the Nazi party. Germany became a socialist, nationalist state, and the people who lived there couldn’t have been prouder of that fact. To be fair, if any dissent towards the Nazi party came to light, the Nazi secret police, the Gestapo were quick to respond, and often the consequences weren’t favourable, and this led to fear being one of the reasons the church stayed in line, but even despite this, many top theologians continued to openly support the ideology of the Nazi party.
“Secular schools can never be tolerated because such a school has no religious instruction and a general moral instruction without a religious foundation is built on air; consequently, all character training and religion must be derived from faith . . . We need believing people.” – Adolf Hitler
The youth of Germany as a whole supported the Nazi regime, and the majority of university lecturers, and theologians promoted Nazi ideology to the students. The German population wished for Germany to rise to a strong nation again, after their decline after the Great War (World War I), and by allowing Hitler to rise to power, in the mind’s of the voters, this would become a reality. Franz von Papen, who became chancellor of Germany in 1932, was born into an aristocratic Roman Catholic family, and he remained devout his entire life. Due to little support from the Reichstag, Papen had no option but to resign, and helped convince the German president, Paul von Hindenburg, to appoint Hitler as the new German chancellor in 1933.
”God gave the savior to the German people. We have faith, deep and unshakeable faith, that he [Hitler] was sent to us by God to save Germany.” – Hermann Göring Geheime Staatspolizei
Even after the war ended, many religious leaders refused to take accountability for their support of the Nazi brutality, and openly encouraging the Nazi uprising, and some never, ever showed remorse or acknowledged their guilt. It’s true that as the war effort continued, and more atrocities and brutality occurred, the churches’ support declined, but the damage had already been done by then. Religious leaders, politicians and the general public as a majority supported Hitler’s rise to power, and accepted his totalitarian dictatorship, and the brutality of the Nazi party, the Schutzstaffel (SS), and the Geheime Staatspolizei (Gestapo). Whether a large number of them regretted their allegiance is probable, but not forgivable. Christianity allowed, and supported the rise of the Nazi party, and are complicit in the butchering of Jews. Apologists insist that Germany, and the Nazi party were predominantly atheist, and this couldn’t be any further from the truth. Religious groups looked to the regime to rid Germany of non-theism, and the traditionalists despised leftist, liberal and secularist ideologies.
Church bell in Herxheim am Berg ”Everything for the Fatherland — Adolf Hitler.”
In 1933 there was a vote by the Protestants, and two thirds of them were in favour of the churches combining into one ‘German Christian’ sect, and Müller was chosen to lead them, and history states that the racial Nazi ideology that we are all aware of was implemented into the Christian faith of Germany. Christianity clearly had no concerns with racism, and Christianity forced non-Aryans out of representing the churches and attending them. It can’t be disputed that Hitler’s religious methods and beliefs were unorthodox, but because they don’t comply with your traditional Christian methods, doesn’t mean that his beliefs are to be refuted and replaced with atheism.
Mother’s Cross of Honour
Adolf Hitler became increasingly critical of standard Christianity, but he was also extremely critical of atheism, something that many of the Nazi party sympathised with. In all seriousness, Hitler behaved like a White supremacist, right wing, megalomania fuelled, narcissistic cult leader, who wanted to create his own religion that was founded on Christianity, but with the Jewish elements removed and replaced with Aryan. After the attempted assassination attempt in 1944, he publicly declared that he survived because of divine providence, which was god intervening so he could continue to pursue his work. So to conclude, the evidence suggests that not only was Hitler not an atheist, but he was also not a Christian, but he believed in god enough to believe he was doing god’s work.
Roaring twenties: prohibition, suffrage and the Ku Klux Klan
The ‘United States of America‘ entered the roaring twenties with full on enthusiasm as to what the new world would give them, with people moving to key cities, like Chicago and New York, jazz music, fashion, Art Deco, and technology blossomed. People began buying cars as the credit options made it more affordable for the average person. The overall wealth of the nation doubled, more people owned appliances and telephones, with sport and cinema becoming big businesses.
The American economy and industrial sectors were booming, and America was divided by wealth. Many people were living lavish lifestyles, whilst others were living in dire poverty, and even though it was getting close to 50 years since slavery was abolished, many African Americans in the Deep South suffered horrendous racial prejudice and lived barely surviving as they didn’t have equal rights to whites. Although the birth of jazz and the rise of blues brought many African Americans into the cities to perform and started the Harlem Renaissance, in return millions of American whites joined the Ku Klux Klan as they believed they were combating the debauchery of society with Christian values.
Imagine a time when alcohol was illegal to go into production, transportation, and importation for 13 years between 1920 and 1933, but consuming it wasn’t a crime. As you’d expect, religion was behind it, and Lutheranism had attempted several times since the 19th century to remove alcohol from society as it went against their Christian beliefs, and America’s involvement in World War I created a national pride and opposition to the German beer producers, and it paved the way to diminish the influence in the alcohol trade, and the 18th amendment was voted in by a majority. On January 16th, 1920, the Volstead Act went into force and closed every establishment that sold liquor in America. The main reason was alcohol being the primary factor for most social disruption, marriage breakups and violence in America, and this gave women a voice that was heard.
Bootleggers took advantage of the prohibition and made illegal gin and moonshine, but often it was created using industrial strength alcohol which led to many deaths to those desperate enough to drink it. Little did the Christians who campaigned against the immorality of selling alcohol know that the prohibition would backfire and give rise to mobsters, and none were as notorious as Al Capone, who ruled the Chicago underworld and made a fortune from casinos, speakeasies (secret bars) and racketeering.
The issue that the American government faced during the prohibition was enforcing it. Underground bars appeared everywhere, and police officers, lawyers and judges could be found drinking there. The government only had around 1500 agents to cover all of the states so a lot of the drinking continued unnoticed, and certain cities completely disregarded it and became anti-prohibition. The President at the time of 1933, Franklin Roosevelt, was inaugurated at a time of the Great Depression and low morale from American citizens and he signed the 21st amendment.
“The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed. … The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.” – Amendment XXI
1840 was the time when women began the fight to change the law so that they were eligible to vote, and in 1890 the separate suffrage organisations finally joined forces as one and became the ‘National American Woman Suffrage Association‘. The movement tirelessly campaigned for the constitution to pass an amendment for the right for women to vote, and the fight for women’s suffrage came to an end by the passing of the 19th amendment in August 18, 1920. It was 80 years in the making.
America was in a strange place. Racism was very strong, yet in 1870 the 15th Amendment was passed allowing African American men the right to vote, yet no woman was able until 50 years later as the American man saw the woman as a homemaker.
In the early 1920s America grew suspicious of foreigners, and their paranoia over communism began, and throughout the land, and predominantly rural America the ‘Knights of the Ku Klux Klan‘ grew in a second wave after being dormant for almost 50 years and awoken by ‘Rev. William J. Simmons‘ who recruited over 5,000,000 members and millions more supporters, due to their racist, anti-Semitic, and anti-Catholic views. America was becoming dangerous for anyone who wasn’t a white supremacist. Their influence over state governments and politics was huge, and they took control of many cities’ police departments and court houses.
Considering the Klan was claiming to be enforcing Christian values, they actively encouraged their members that bigotry, prejudice, harassment, condemnation and violence was not only patriotic but it’s God’s will. The white Anglo-Saxon Protestants were becoming anxious about the state of America. Foreigners from Europe were invading their lands, the blacks were spreading, women were gaining rights and they saw this as America being undone, and they resented the modernism that their country was going through. They were strongly opposed to contraception, abortion and evolution being taught in schools, and this led to much vigilante violence. As the Klan grew they helped charity organisations and supported schools, and donated much money to the churches to support the poor Protestants, but at the same time their influence went to the top as Klan members became mayors, governors and senators. Some members of the Klan were not interested in violence as they just wished moral values to return, but others joined so that they could beat and lynch blacks, Catholics, foreigners, adulterers and promiscuous women.
Despite the Klan’s popularity in the mid twenties, the Presidents saw them as a sadistic organisation who was a danger to the public, and many higher ranking public officials began to turn their backs on Klan members and activities. Many people began to publicly oppose them as the death toll, raping, and violence was contradicting their alleged moral outlook. The Klan slowly diminished as social outlook towards minorities became more tolerant, but it begs the question of how and why did America accept the Ku Klux Klan as social and cultural figureheads when they promoted so much hatred?
“H e and other Klan leaders would look to Christianity to find support for racism. Even liberal Protestant churches supported white supremacy. That seemed the natural order of things. Just as people used Biblical texts to support slavery.” – Kelly J. Baker |
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How can I provide shelter for garden birds in really cold weather?
Sent in by Sally McKenzie, Maastricht, Netherlands
Sally said: Temperatures as low as minus 30 Celsius are forecasted for our area with continuous freezing conditions for at least 10 days. What can I do to provide warm shelter for my garden birds?
That is really cold, and naturally we feel desperate to help our garden birds when temperatures sink so low.
However, as far as providing shelter is concerned, then birds usually choose evergreens, thick bushes and hedges for night-time roosts. Reedbeds are also popular. Starlings love these, diving in en masse at dusk after swooping around in ever increasing numbers.
In gardens, mature ivy is a favourite and, if this is growing against a house wall, the birds get extra protection and fewer chilly draughts. I remember watching almost 200 pied wagtails diving into thick ivy growing over a fairly low wall in a local park - an amazing sight with the latecomers struggling to find a spare perch.
Tits and wrens regularly roost in nestboxes, with wrens inviting plenty of friends to share. This is an excellent strategy, as tiny birds are particularly vulnerable during cold nights; many wrens, huddled together, helps to keep them all warm and cosy.
To summarise, nestboxes can help and, when planting new areas, include shrubs and climbers that will provide thick cover during winter.
However, having full tummies also helps birds to keep out the cold. Provide nourishing food, such as sunflower hearts, fat cakes and suet nibbles on a regular basis. If birds struggle to find food during the day, then long, cold nights often prove fatal.
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Alberta is a Canadian province with a population of about four million, according to the census conducted in 2016. The province is ranked fourth in terms of population of provinces in Canada. An area of approximately 660,000-kilometer square provides a vast expanse of landed properties to accommodate different types of economic activities. Alberta Land Surveyors have played an important role in the development of the province.
These vast areas of land in the province require skilled and experienced land surveyors to prepare construction sites and update different boundary lines. As the province began to develop, they needed to have experienced professionals to help make precise measurements on all sorts of terrain and properties for effective boundary determination.
Land Surveyors Calgary
This approach was required to help solve disputes that may arise due to land sharing and acquisition. People soon began to contract land surveyors to identify property boundaries and land ownership as the economy boomed in business, agriculture, and industry. These experienced professionals determined land boundaries and elevations using levels and theodolites and documented their measurements and geometric calculations in their survey field note journals. The need for land surveyors became prominent across the province.
Surveyor skills are visible everywhere you look. Be it in their historic field journals, survey plans and calculations, they provided the master map for the land we occupy and enjoy today. Land surveying in Alberta has a rich history, and these surveyors still have their traces from centuries ago amongst us today. These early surveyors in Alberta were the forerunners of development and change.
As land survey companies continue to increase, there was a need to regulate their activities so that their practices would be uniform and standardized. There was also a need to check the membership and registry of land surveyors to ensure the demand was met for provincial surveying requirements. In 1910, the Alberta Land Surveyors’ Association (ALSA) was founded and established under the Land Surveyor’s Act.
RPR Calgary
The ALSA is a self-governing professional association and is comprised of various members and Alberta Land Surveyors across the province. The ALSA ensures that all land surveying practices are professionally carried out by all survey companies and regulated to protect members of the public and the administration of the land surveying profession.
The ALSA has identified boundaries, including urban, provincial, natural parks, airports, wellsites, residential properties, irrigation lines,etc. that are in question or not well outlined. The ALSA also ensures that land surveyors develop the necessary education and skills they need prior to becoming part of the Association. They also value and uphold codes of ethics which guide its members’ and operations.
Just as was required in time past when the history of land surveying in Alberta began, land surveyors are experienced professionals who understand how to implement different technologies to come up with practical solutions regarding land and boundaries. They created the fabric of land boundaries years ago and continue to have a large contribution to land development and growth in Alberta today.
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There is probably no nautical topic where more myth, fable and outright misrepresentation exists than in the "classification" of yachts. You've probably seen the advertisements that proudly state that a yacht is "Lloyd's +100A1" or "ABS-classed," but even the owners of these yachts often don't fully understand what it all means.
Lloyd's (Lloyd's Register of Shipping) and ABS (American Bureau of Shipping) are two of the most prominent of the dozen classification societies in the world. In essence, these societies are independent technical organizations that establish and administer standards for the design, construction and periodic re-survey of ships and other marine structures as diverse as oil rigs and bridges.
To fully understand what these societies provide and how they operate, you must understand that the terminology in this field is exacting, and not always what it may seem. First of all, classification of a yacht warrants that it has met all the standards of a society, both before, during and after construction as well as passed rigorous ongoing surveys during the life of the vessel. Other levels of approval are called certification, which involve fewer areas that are examined, or do not include ongoing surveys. Classification continues throughout the life of the yacht (unless it fails a survey), while certification attests to the condition only at the time of delivery.
Lloyd's Register of Shipping is the oldest classification society in the world and, because it is usually referred to simply as Lloyd's, is often confused with Lloyd's of London or a variety of other financial institutions bearing the name Lloyd's. It does share a common starting point with these others, however: the 18th century London coffeehouse owned by Edward Lloyd that became a gathering place for businessmen and shipowners who would arrange to independently insure cargoes and vessels against loss on the high seas. From these beginnings came the Lloyd's of London insurance operation, but an entirely separate entity was Lloyd's Register of Shipping, a classification society that set standards for ship construction to aid in the insurance process.
Founded in 1862, the American Bureau of Shipping is no newcomer and, though also founded to reassure insurance companies, it was originally intended only to promote "a high degree of efficiency and character" among the masters and officers of sailing ships. To that end, tests were developed and "commissions of competency" were issued by what was then called the American Shipmasters' Association. Within a few years, however, the Association had adopted a system for rating, surveying and registering vessels to assure that they were structurally sound and mechanically fit to safely carry crew and cargo.
A classification society is, in essence, a professional third party that assures the owner or buyer of a yacht that the vessel is built to an accepted standard. Everyone else — seller, builder, designer, broker — has something to gain from the construction or sale of the yacht and, therefore, is not to be entirely trusted, particularly when it comes to betting your life at sea. "Regardless of the intended purpose for the yacht," says Bill Crawford of ABS, "we review the plans and survey the yacht with the 100-year-storm in mind."
Let's look at classifications first, since these top ratings tend to be fairly similar regardless of the society, while the various certifications vary widely. A Lloyd's classified yacht is said to be Maltese 100A1, which is usually written +100A1, while ABS offers two separate designations. An ABS-classified sailing yacht is ABS Maltese A1 (+A1) while a motoryacht is termed Maltese A1-AMS (+A1-AMS), the difference being the surveying of the main propulsion system on the motoryacht, or annual machinery survey (AMS).
Each of these classifications requires that a full set of plans be submitted for review and approval, and a surveyor is present during most of the construction process as well as for the sea trials. All material used in the boat is tested and, in the case of aluminum or steel yachts, each plate must have a society approval stamp and each welder must pass rigorous tests. During construction, samples of random welds will be X-rayed and, if a weld does not meet society approval, the plate is removed and a replacement is done correctly. For fiberglass yachts, the surveyor takes careful note of material storage methods, lay-up procedures, curing times, and then performs hardness tests on sample sections.
To keep a yacht "in classification," it must be inspected on a regular basis, usually annually, or whenever changes or damage to the yacht might affect the classification. For the yacht owner, it is a continuing assurance of compliance to standards and it serves as an independent check on his captain and crew, but it is not an inexpensive undertaking.
For owners who simply want to assure themselves that the yacht was properly designed and constructed, most societies offer lesser ratings.
The Lloyd's "Building Certificate" and "Hull Construction Certificate" do not involve ongoing classification surveys. ABS, on the other hand, offers a "Hull Certificate" in which they duplicate the classification process up to the point of delivery, at which time ABS involvement ends. Unlike Lloyd's, ABS also offers a "Plan Review" that takes the same hard look at the hull design and construction plans that they use for a full classification, but no construction surveys are performed and machinery systems are not included. All Sabre yachts have undergone ABS plan review, and several other builders have had plan review on selected production boats.
Lloyd's does not offer approvals of any builder's plant, while ABS will certify a builder to be "ABS-quality." Tillotson-Pearson, for example, is ABS certified, although the yachts they produce are still carefully monitored during construction before the ABS +A1 classifications are awarded. Christiensen Yachts is the only U.S. builder of megayachts to ABS classify every yacht (except one that went with Japanese NKK society classification to that country) and they keep a furnished office for the ABS surveyor who is almost constantly on hand. Dave Christiensen estimates that the added cost is about 3 percent of the total, and probably adds 300 to 400 manhours of engineering time to prepare extra drawings and plans.
A relative newcomer on the American yachting scene is Det Norske Veritas, a Norwegian classification society that has an extensive background in small pleasure boats in Scandinavia. Since 1969, the company has issued small craft type certificates, much like those provided by the American Boat & Yacht Council, in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Iceland. These certificates assure that the craft meets certain construction and design standards, as well as the legal requirements of the Scandinavian countries. More than 600,000 small craft have been type certified, involving 1,300 different models from 400 builders.
DNV offers the same full classification as Lloyd's and ABS and, like ABS, they offer an "Approval In Principal" of plans, which is neither a classification or certification, but simply attests that the plans meet the DNV rules, a procedure that is growing popular in Australia.
The differences between the various societies in ships, where insurance is unavailable unless the vessel is classified, usually are minimal and shipowners often select their national society for ease of access and service. In yachts, however, the differences are not so clear and it usually boils down to which society will give you the best service.
One noted naval architect, who asked not to be mentioned by name for obvious reasons, said that ABS is easier to deal with than Lloyd's if you want to try an unusual design or construction process. If you can back up your idea with facts and figures, ABS will approve it while Lloyd's tends to take a more conservative view of any deviation from the norm. Part of this, of course, may be due to the distance involved, since all plans must be approved at the Lloyd's offices in England, while ABS is based in New Jersey.
ABS has also made a concerted effort to reach the yachting market, and ABS representative Bob Curry worked extensively with the Offshore Racing Council's Technical Committee and several naval architects, notably Gary Mull and Olin Stephens, to devise fair and realistic scantling rules for offshore racing yachts. The result is a comprehensive guide, "Building And Classing Offshore Racing Yachts," that is both up-to-date in terms of technology as well as in a simple engineering format for designers to use.
It's obvious that the classification societies exist in the shipping industry for insurance purposes to provide a uniform worldwide standard, but why is this needed in yachts where a normal surveyor could provide much the same service at far lower cost? For one thing, yachts have become small ships with all the myriad systems and complexities that would be beyond the grasp of any single surveyor and, second, with the growing variety of materials and techniques, the societies provide an information service that shares the success of certain methods and remembers the failures of others.
Very few European large yachts are built without classification, simply because yacht buyers abroad are often involved in shipping, so classification is a way of life and they are comfortable with the procedures.
For that same reason, American builders have been slow to encourage the use of classifications because buyers aren't familiar with them and, almost to a man, they all claim to build better boats than required by the societies. Whether that is true or not is just as debatable as whether a buyer would want a boat built to society standards. One well-known builder noted that it is impossible to build the high-speed motoryachts, now so popular, to classification because of the sacrifices necessary to keep the weight to a minimum. The societies, on the other hand, point out that they have been classing high-speed patrol craft and other speed-oriented vessels for many years, and suggest that the builder is probably cutting many corners in search of an extra knot or two.
Does a classification help sell or insure a yacht? Maybe and maybe not, depending upon the circumstances. One Florida yacht broker agreed that having a Lloyd's- or ABS-classified yacht would encourage most insurance companies to offer lower rates but, at the same time, the owner would pay more than he saved in maintaining the classification and having the annual survey so the ultimate out-of-pocket expense would be higher.
At the same time, brokers seem divided on the resale value of a classification. "If I've got a yacht that is classified, then it's a real important feature. But if the yacht I'm selling isn't classified, then it doesn't matter," one confided frankly. Several brokers, however, did point out that it's very difficult to sell a large yacht in Europe without a classification or, at the very least, an original certification.
One area where a classification can be of real value is in a lawsuit or a dispute over insurance settlements. If you lose your yacht and it was classified, the courts tend to listen to the testimony of a centuries-old classification society that has been intimately familiar with the vessel from the plans stage, and which has surveyed it regularly.
Whether you need classification or not on your yacht will depend on your needs and budget. But knowing exactly what classification or certification means will keep you out of deep water, too. |
How STEM Toys Are Helping Your Kids to Learn Things During Playtime – 2021 Review
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STEM is the short form for “Science, Technology, Engineering and Math. STEM toys help the children learn about these aspects and get creative. Therefore, instead of random dolls and figurines, parents prefer to buy more meaningful things.
That is the very reason for the increasing interest of parents in their toys. STEM toys satisfy the curiosity of children and stimulate their creative behavior. Thus, they get adjusted to learning from an early age. Furthermore, this is the best learning technique that you can use as your kids will actively participate in it.
So if you already know STEM toys and want to know what the best STEM toys are on the market today, has a list of recommendations for different age groups. You can also find lots of toy and gift ideas.
Furthermore, they also guide you about the physical activities that you can use. In this way, your kids won’t spend all of their time alone at home. You can take them out for playing and give them company.
So how these toys will help your kids to learn during playtime?
1. Learning time becomes fun time
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Kids love exciting things that can arouse their curiosity and make them happy. Therefore, they love playing but not studying. Furthermore, parents know how much effort it takes to convince their kids to go to school. But with the help of STEM toys, you can make their learning time a fun time.
Children will play with characters and the knowledge will ingrain in their memory. Furthermore, research studies also show that if you do things practically, their information lasts long. For instance, you have read about accidental news, you will forget it in a while. But if you observe an accident before your eyes, you won’t be able to forget it for days at least.
Therefore, with the use of STEM, children will gain practical knowledge. Furthermore, they will remember all the things for a long time.
2. Stimulates creative behavior
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Children are new in this world and therefore, they are curious about everything. That is why they have a lot of questions to ask. So what if you give them things to show their creativity and to satisfy their curiosity? They will surely love it.
With the help of STEM, children start to think about how things work and also show off their creativity. Kids are not afraid of trying things, the fear of failure comes with age. Therefore, you should let your child try everything he/ she wants to. This will improve their life experience. But for the sake of their safety, you have to keep an eye on them.
STEM toys introduce various subjects. You can get a telescope, robot structure, microscope, etc. Furthermore, some figurines make things more interesting. So when youngsters encounter all these things from an early age, it won’t be a problem for them in the future. Moreover, they will be firm about the selection of their discipline in the future.
3. Proves STEM is not hard
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Most of the parents think that STEM is a hard field for their kid. That is why they avoid it. But once you get involved in such training, you will realize how easy it is. These toys are related to the different fields that children go to. So with the help of such playtime, they will know what aspires to them.
Thus, it will be easier for them to select their major field. For example, if your child is more interested in engineering tasks, you can make him study such subjects from the very beginning. Likewise, if his brain works better in science projects, he will show a better performance in such subjects.
One of the main reasons for bad school performance is the wrong selection of subjects. Students are not sure about their strong points and thus, they sometimes follow the path enlightened by their parents. But you do not have to force them to dos something they don’t want. Besides, when you know what your kid is good at, you are likely to support him in it.
4. Improves coordination and motor skills
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STEM toys improve brain growth and motor skills. When a child plays with toys, he will know where to see and where to place them. Thus, it will help him improve his hand and eye coordination. This is especially good for children under the age of 4.
Furthermore, when they grow up, they will be familiar with such things. So when they encounter any such activity in school, they will be more confidant. Thus, it will eventually improve their confidence and they will do things with coolness.
5. Improves problem-solving skills
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Children are not afraid of doing things and therefore, if they encounter any problem they will think about it. For example, they have to build a toy-story building and one brick keeps falling. They will put it aside and use another brick to make the building stable. Thus, in this way, they will learn to solve their problems by using their brain.
Although not all children give the same performance. Furthermore, not all children are this intelligent to solve all of their problems on their own. They will likely break-off the building by themselves after trying a few times. Therefore, it is better to keep a watch on them.
So when they encounter any problem and are confused about solving it. You can give them ideas and make them think about them.
Furthermore, STEM toys offer various challenges that will make the children think. Eventually, as the kids grow up, they will start solving their problems on their own.
To conclude
STEM toys bring the most meaningful playtime for kids of all kinds. Whether you have a baby boy or girl, they all love this. STEM tools are designed to improve the fun time while making the children learn. Therefore, they are both creative and enjoyable for kids of all ages.
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The Plantagenet's - Henry II
The Plantagenet's
Henry II
Henry II was the first Plantagenet king. He restored order, improved military service, the administration of justice through reforms and sent judges to hold courts in the towns. They administered the Common Law, named saw because it was used everywhere. In other parts of Europe there were Civil Law of the Roman Empire, and the Canon Law of the Ch 424f59e urch. The mixture of experience and custom were the basis of law in England. The king wanted to reduce the power of the Church and sent Thomas Becket, his friend, to controlling it. But once made Archbishop of Canterbury, he became an opponent of the king. The conflict lasted for a long time until Becket was murdered in Canterbury Cathedral. He became a martyr and a saint.
Magna Charta
When Henry II died, he was succeeded by his elder son, Richard I, called "the Lion-Hearted". His younger son John Lackland acted as King during his brother's absence on the Third Crusade. He was known as Lackland because he lost Normandy and almost all the other English possession in France. The barons forced him to sign a document, known as Magna Charta, in which the king agreed that "no taxes shall be demanded in our realm without the consent of the great council. No free man shall be arrested, lose his property or harmed in any way unless he has been judges by his equals under the law or the land". This document marks the first long step towards the constitutional monarchy of a far later day.
Model Parliament
At John Lackland's death, his son, Henry III was only nine when he became king and England was governed by a group of barons until he grew up. In his reign that Parliament began to create a structure of permanent control over the king's policy. The parliament included barons, knights and two representatives from each town. Edward I continued the experiment after he became king in 1272. The meeting of his Council known as the Model Parliament of 1295 included representatives of the barons, the clergy, two knights from each county and two citizens from each town. The system of the future two Houses of Parliament - the House of Lords and the House of Commons - was all there.
The Black Death
In 1348, during the reign of Edward III England was hit by the bubonic plague known as the 'Black Death' because the body went dark-coloured after death. It spread because in the medieval period living conditions for rich and poor alike were primitive, dirty and unhealthy. The plague killed a third of England's population. The economic and social effects were great. Labour was scarce, so wages rose, prices dropped and the condition of those peasants who survived improved since they were able to demand payment for work done on the lord's land.
John Wycliffe and Lollardy
The last years of Edward III's reign were marked by the rise of a religious movement of reform, called Lollardy, whose leader was John Wycliffe. The movement criticised the corruption in the monastic orders and the policy of the great feudal monasteries which lent money at interest; it insisted on inward religion in opposition to the formalism of the time and anticipated the spirit of the Reformation.
Trade Guilds
During the 14th century the artisans and tradesmen in the town organised themselves in groups called guilds. They were based on the payments of their members, they controlled the quality of goods, they regulated prices and wages, and laid down rules concerning apprenticeship. They held fairs where their members sold their produce.
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Just why is overpronation so important?
The way in which the feet function or works may have a an important effect on the rest of the body. The feet are widely considered as the foundation of the body and just like the tall building analogy, if that platform is not right, then something could go wrong above. There are many different types of biomechanical conditions that can affect that platform and how the foot interacts with the surface. That interaction will have numerous affects further up the body.
Among the issues that can go wrong is something that is widely given the name “overpronation”. This word is often used and abused, so probably should not be used. The phrase refers to the feet rolling inwards at the rearfoot and the arch of the foot flattening. This really is quite a normal motion and is only a concern if there to too much of it. The reason why the word is such a problem is that there is no understanding about what is too much and what is actually normal. This can lead to lots of indecision in research as well as in clinical practice, particularly when choices have to be made if the overpronation ought to be treated or not.
The impact that this issue may have on the body are claimed to vary from hallux valgus and plantar fasciitis in the feet to lower leg and knee problems in runners. There are several ways to treat it, again with a lot of difference of opinion between health care professionals regarding the best way to treat it. Rationally dealing with the overpronation should be geared towards the cause and there is no such thing as a one size fits all. When the condition is caused by tight calf muscles, then stretches of those tight muscles would be the reasonable method. When the problem is the control of muscles at the hip, then the therapy really should be geared towards that. If the condition is caused by weak foot muscles, then that is the best place to start the rehab with exercises. When the problem is due to a bony alignment trouble in the foot, then foot supports will often be prescribed. |
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