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Understanding how money creation threatens hyperinflation In order to understand the relationship between money creation and the price level, we first need to get some definitions straight. To Austrians the terms inflation and deflation refer to money and not prices. There is no doubt that money has experienced unprecedented inflation. In February of 2010 base money was $2.1 trillion. Four years later it was $3.8 trillion. In the same time frame, M1 has increased from $1.7 trillion to $2.9 trillion. M2 has gone from $8.5 trillion to $11.7 trillion. Excess reserves have doubled from $1.2 trillion to $2.4 trillion. (Please keep in mind that prior to 2008 excess reserves seldom were more than a few BILLION dollars, which is effectively zero and represented mostly the aggregate of excess reserve cash in thousands of community bank vaults.) To Austrians changes to the price level, what the public incorrectly calls inflation and deflation, are the result of changes to the aggregate demand for consumers’ goods and the aggregate supply of consumers’ goods. Think of a simple ratio with the numerator representing demand and the denominator representing supply. Notice that an increase in supply will cause the price level to fall. Aren’t we all happy with this? I am. Or a decrease in demand will cause the price level to fall. There can be many causes of a decrease in demand–a fall in the money supply due to bank failures, a change in subjective time preference to save more, or a rational desire to hold more cash during times of uncertainty. None of these are bad for the economy per se. Whatever the cause, the antidote to a fall in demand is falling prices. The relationship between supply and demand must be re-established. The point I am trying to make is that it is fruitless to attempt to prop up prices with more money creation, as the unprecedented increase in all categories of money in recent years has shown. In fact, excess reserves represent the potential for a massive increase in the money supply. The ratio of mandatory reserves to M1 is around 3%. The ratio of mandatory reserves to M2 is around 1%. Just do the math to find out the mathematical potential increase in the money supply should the banks eventually be able to convert excess reserves into mandatory reserves via the lending process. Keep in mind that this is exactly what the government WANTS banks to do; i.e., make more loans to supposedly stimulate the economy. An increase in the demand for goods of this magnitude, the numerator of our simple equation, would cause the price level to skyrocket perhaps to hyperinflation levels. Therefore,digging even deeper into our problem, one finds that legal tolerance for fractional reserve banking is at the heart of the problem. Fractional reserves allow banks to create money out of thin via the lending process. Instead of funding an increase in loans by an increase in real savings, loans are “funded” by…well…nothing. This triggers the Austrian business cycle. Production, the denominator in our simple equation, falls. When supply falls, prices rise. Creating even more money will not help the situation, only exacerbate it. Hyperinflation is a cancer that lurks in our monetary structure. Time to surgically remove it before it metastasizes. Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Olkhovy Rog (Former name Balobanovka) \| Rostov Execution of Jewish refugees from Zaporozhye in Olkhovy Rog 1 Sitio(s) de ejecución Tipo de lugar antes: Empty plot Período de ocupación: Número de víctimas: Entrevista del testigo Anna S., born in 1928: “We found out about the war from the radio. Once the Soviet Union was attacked by the Germans, many refugees passed by the village. Some of them even settled down in the village thinking that Germans would not arrive here. There were Ukrainians, Russians and Jews among the evacuees. They all spoke Russian. Those who stayed started to work in the local kolkhoz. Then, after a while, the Germans arrived into the village by car and on foot. We didn’t see them arrive because my mother hid us in the basement. I remember that some Germans stayed with the locals for a couple of days before going further.” (Witness n°847R, interviewed in Olkhovy Rog, on November 9, 2018) Archivos soviéticos “110 Jewish people including elderly people, women and children were shot on July 31, 1942, in the village of Balabanovka and Olkhovy Rog. All these Jewish families were evacuated from Zaporozhye and worked in the kolkhoz starting in September 1941. In the beginning of July 1942, when the Germans approached the village, all the Jewish families were about to evacuate to the East but were surrounded by the German troops. They were told to come back to the village. The day they returned to the village they were gathered under a pretext of a meeting, but in reality they were forced into a truck and taken outside the village to be shot. [Here follows the lists of the shot victims].” [Act n°190 drawn up by Soviet Extraordinary State Commission (ChGK); GARF : Fond 7021, opis 40, delo 5] Nota histórica Olkhovyy Rog was created in 1946 as a result of a merge of two hamlets, Balobanovka and Olkhovyy Rog. Back in 17th century, Balobanovka was mostly populated by Germans who were deported to Siberia in 1946. From 1822 to 1932 there were about 102 households. Back then there were no Jewish people living in this area. Holocausto por balas en cifras Before the village was occupied by Germans on July 12, 1942, about a hundred Jewish refugees from Zaporozhye arrived in the village. They settled down with the locals and worked in the kolkhoz. Shortly before the occupation, the Jewish families attempted to escape to the East, but were surrounded by the Germans and ordered to go back. Once they came back, they were summoned for a meeting during which they were rounded-up on a truck and taken to be shot. Among the victims there were mainly elderly people, women and children. Only one Jewish boy, Dekenstein Semion, survived the occupation. Pueblos cercanos Por favor contáctenos a contact@yahadinunum.org
Assessment of vision Basic functions of vision can be accurately assessed in primary health care provided that the test methods are known and the instructions followed. Visual acuity depicts the size of the smallest figures that can be correctly recognized. Contrast sensitivity depicts the ability to perceive small differences in luminance between adjacent surfaces. Visual field depicts the area that a person can see without moving his/her eyes. Presbyopia requires special attention at workplaces (see ).
Why Jean Berthet decided to work with the FLN Source Louis Proyect Date 05/06/04/03:24 From Martin Evan's "The Memory of Resistance: French Opposition to the French Algerian War (1954-1962): Jean Berthet. Worked with the FLN in Aix-en-Provence and then was a Member of the Curiel Network. Born 1921. Died, Avignon, 6 July 1989 IN THE SUMMER of 1944, Jean Berthet was deported for Resistance activities to the Buchenwald concentration camp. The intensity of his concentration camp experience has meant that ever since his memory has been impaired. Initially he warned that his remembering had a tendency to be disjointed and non-sequential. Nevertheless, in practice Berthet had no trouble recalling his motivations, telling his story with great passion and emotion. Jean Berthet's family was very rich and as a boy he had servants and a chauffeur. His father was in the import and export trade in French Indo-China, owning a large department store in Saigon. Berthet presented his childhood as confined and narrow-minded. He explained that his parents were very right-wing and deeply prejudiced, teaching Berthet to despise all those below him, especially the working class. His parents divorced during the 1920s and his mother brought him and his sister back to Paris. At school, Berthet was taught to take pride in the achievements of the French empire. General Bugeaud and Pere Foucauld were held up as heroic examples to follow because they had brought civilisation to the backward colonies. Berthet's experience in World War Two Resistance, and above all his experience in Buchenwald concentration camp, explains, he feels, why he came to reject colonialism. Buchenwald, he told me again and again, opened his eyes to human values; it made him rethink his values in a profound way: "There I had a fantastic experience because at the time of my arrest I was still at the stage when well-bred people were inevitably the sort of people I associated with, and the others were people of no interest. . . anyway in Buchenwald we were all dressed alike, we were all cold, we were all hungry, we truly were all complete equals. I saw how people react . . . and I noticed that a lot of people with well-manicured hands, who weren't manual workers, and who belonged to the so-called upper classes turned out to be self-centred, cowardly swine whereas others who were just ordinary humble folk proved to be quite outstanding." In Buchenwald Berthet saw working-class people, whom he had been told to despise, divide up their Red Cross food parcels, whilst people from his own social background did not. For Berthet this was a moment of truth. From that point onwards he realised that everything his parents had taught him was lies and falsehoods. During the deportation, Berthet lost his Catholic faith and became a convert to communism. He told me with great pride how it was the inmates themselves, led by communists, who liberated the camp in May 1945. On returning to Paris, Berthet went to see his mother. He wanted to explain how Buchenwald had transformed his view of the world. Upon listening to his story, his mother said that he needed a rest and sent him away for a few days in the country. After a few days Berthet realised that he had in fact been sent to a mental asylum. He managed to escape by mingling with the visitors. After that Berthet broke off all relations with his mother. Now she was a total stranger. Within Berthet's testimony this was a key incident, symbolising the complete rejection of his middle-class background. After 1945 Berthet met his wife Alice and he became a worker at Renault where he joined the PCF. They then moved to Aix-en-Provence to open a stationery shop. It was the Indo-China war which first awakened Berthet's consciousness to the colonial issue: "Directly I returned from deportation I was at one with the Vietminh against colonialism. Directly I got back from the deportation I became aware, from what I'd experienced in the camps, that the Resistance had been a national resistance to start with, but I soon said to myself, 'Look, if you'd been Belgian, you would have taken part in the Resistance in Belgium, so it wasn't for France, but against oppression that you fought.' It was first and foremost a fight against oppression, against humiliation. I very quickly came back to France and there was the war in Indo-China. I automatically sided with the Vietminh. They had my support." Rethinking his Resistance experience meant that as soon as the Algerian insurrection broke out Berthet was with the Algerians. He saw it as normal that he should support the Algerians. After all, he had resisted the Occupation of France, and Algeria was a country which had been occupied for nearly 130 years. In the first instance, Berthet was involved in legal opposition. In Aix-en-Provence, he organised a committee of solidarity with Algerian prisoners. Berthet was recruited to work with the FLN by another PCF member, Jean Guericolas. His willingness to cross over to illegal acts stemmed from his discomfort with the PCF position. Berthet was balanced in his criticism of the PCF, but nevertheless at the time he felt that the party was too circumspect. An indication of the PCF's refusal to take a clear lead was the voting of the special powers, which Berthet described as spineless. When it was a question of choosing between his party card and doing what his conscience told him to do, he remembered this as a difficult dilemma which caused him much anguish. Nevertheless he felt he had to follow the courage of his convictions: "I had a great friend: we remained close until he died. He worked in the section office of the Party and he came into the shop one day and said to me, 'How are your brothers getting on?' He was talking about the prisoners' families because he didn't know I was sheltering an Algerian leader. So I said, 'Aren't they your brothers too, then?' And here's what he replied word for word: 'No, they're not; they are some sort of distant cousins because it's the French workers who are my brothers.' So I said, 'And what about proletarian internationalism, then?' He went on to say, 'The Algerians are taking bread out of the mouths of the French because they accept such a pittance.' 'Now listen,' I said, 'if that's the party view, then there is no question of me carrying on as a parry member.' I was furious, and tore up my membership card in front of him." Ideas emanating from the Third World were important in altering Berthet's consciousness. The Bandung conference was significant because it united all the countries of the Third World. It reinforced his belief that, unlike the majority of French people, he was following the dynamic of history, which was directed towards the eventual liberation of the whole of humanity. Very influenced by the writings of Fanon, the experience of Resistance to the Algerian war transformed him into a third worldist. After independence he took out Algerian nationality and went to live in Algeria. Berthet had no sympathy for the French settlers. They were racists who were defending their privileges. Berthet stressed that he never saw himself as a "As I see it, the anti-Nazi Germans did not betray Germany .... They preserved Germany's honour; there was no betrayal. Once more, when my country was invaded I fought against the attacker. When it's my country that does the attacking, then I fight my country. There's no betrayal in that.... On the contrary, it is for my country's honour ... I don't know the word 'betrayal' .... Someone like Massu is a traitor to France. He tortured and massacred people .... Anyone who fights Massu is not a traitor to France. That's my most heartfelt conviction." [View the list] InternetBoard v1.0 Copyright (c) 1998, Joongpil Cho
Maltase breaks down disaccharide maltose to the simple sugar glucose and is produced by the cells that line the small intestine. It’s secreted by the surface cells of the villa, which are thin projections on the mucosa. Maltose or malt sugar is the least common disaccharide in nature. It’s present in germinating grain, in a small proportion in corn syrup, and it forms on the partial hydrolysis of starch. Maltase can be ingested in the diet or manufactured in the body by the mucus membrane lining of the intestine. When starch is consumed it is transformed to maltose by saliva and pancreatic enzymes (amylases). Then the maltase secreted by the intestines converts the maltose into glucose, which is more usable by the body. The glucose can also be stored in the liver for future use. Sugar Cane Betaine HCl shouldn’t be taken with maltase or other supplemental enzymes, because they can be destroyed.
Take precautions! Understand the chemical properties of sodium nitrate, keep away from life danger~ wallpapers Industry 2020-06-27 as a kind of chemical oxidantsodium nitrate contact will be dangerousso if you use it in chemical productionyou should pay attention to do a good job of protectionbut also pay attention to ventilationcan't drink water close bycan't eatin order to you can use this product more safelythe following is the chemical properties of sodium nitrate introduced for youfor some relatively dangerous I hope you can avoid it after you underst it. sodium nitrate physical chemical properties: sodium nitrate chemical properties 1: appearance properties: sodium nitrate is colorless transparent or white rhombic yellowish crystalslightly bitter easy to deliquescence. sodium nitrate chemical properties 2: melting point (c): 306.8. sodium nitrate chemical properties 3: boiling point (c): 380 (decomposition) sodium nitrate chemical properties 4: relative density (water = 1): 2.26. Chemical properties of sodium nitrate: relative vapor density (air = 1): no data available. Chemical properties of sodium nitrate: octanol / water distribution coefficient: - 0.79. sodium nitrate chemical properties 7: flash point (c)ignition temperature (c)higher limit (%)lower limit (%)pH critical pressure (MPA) are meaningless. sodium nitrate chemical properties 8: solubility: soluble in waterglycerolliquid ammoniaslightly soluble in ethanolinsoluble in acetone. are mainly used in enamelglassdyemedicine other industries as fertilizer in agriculture. sodium nitrate toxicology: sodium nitrate toxicology 1: acute toxicity: LD (rat oral) 50:1267mg / kg sodium nitrate toxicology 2: mutagenicity: microbial mutagenesis: 1000ppm other microorganisms. Micronucleus test: hamster oral 250 mg / kg. sodium nitrate Toxicology 3: DNA synthesis: HeLa cells 6 mmol / L. Cytogenetic analysis: 5700 mg / L hamster lung tissue. sodium nitrate stability reactivity 1. Complexes: strong reducing agentactive metal powderstrong acidflammable or combustible materialsaluminum is forbidden to prepare sodium nitrate. 3. Although sodium nitrate is widely usedit is possible to contact with it. Thereforeno matter whether it is used nearby or notprotective measures should be taken. At the same timeattention should be paid to the storage environment to avoid leakage accidents. the above is the introduction of the physical chemical properties of sodium nitrate brought to you. I hope that through the analysis of this articlewe all have more understing of sodium nitrate. If you want to know more about sodium nitrateplease pay attention to our website ~ article source address: http://www.hgqrx.com/article/wjhgyl/35824.html
102-Year-Old Dancer Sees Herself Dancing on Film for the First Time What was the Harlem Renaissance? A dancer named Alice Barker could have told you a lot about that. Alice Barker was born on July 30, 1912. She was born and raised in Chicago. She’s a famous black dancer during the era of the Harlem Renaissance. The Struggle of Being a Black Dancer Alice dreamt of becoming a dancer ever since she was young. It was known that during her time, it was hard for a woman like her to make bold actions, but Alice has the strong will to make her dreams into reality. She was so determined to reach her dreams, so during her mid 20’s, she left for New York to pursue her passion which is to perform. Photo Source: YouTube Alice Barker from then on never stopped until she reached the pinnacle of stardom. She started as a chorus-line dancer. She performed at clubs in New York City such as The Apollo, Cotton Club, and Zanzibar Club, where she was a member of the Zanzibeauts, a legendary dance group. She has also performed alongside Frank Sinatra, Gene Kelly, and Bill “Bojangles” Robinson on Broadway. What is Harlem Renaissance? During the 1920s and 1930s, the Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual and cultural rebirth of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, etc. in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City. To know more about the Harlem Renaissance, you may read the book One Last Word: Wisdom from the Harlem Renaissance. Alice Barker and her Important Role in Performing Arts Alice Barker is a part of a short musical clip that was called soundie. A typical member of soundie danced in a popular nightclub with the most requested songs at that time and after making the film, it will be distributed in a jukebox. Alice also made her first TV appearance dancing alongside the famous ‘the voice’ Frank Sinatra making her the first African woman to perform on television. Alice Barker had danced in a number of movies and commercials, but she had lost all of her photographs and memorabilia throughout the years. In fact, Alice had never seen any footage of herself in action until after celebrating her 102nd birthday. Thanks to Jazz on Film’s Mark Cantor and David Shuff who presented to Alice three “soundies” of her shimmering and swaying across the stage. They showed the videos in her nursing homeroom. Photo Source: YouTube When asked how it felt to see herself dancing, Barker replied, “Making me wish I could get out of bed and do it all over again.” since every time the black dancer hears the music she just gets carried away. The story of Alice Barker shows that women artists had an important role in the Harlem Renaissance, particularly as singers, actors, dancers, and authors. What was the Harlem Renaissance? It was something magical.
代写 TAG标签当前位置: 优客留学生作业网 > ESSAY > 时间:2017-04-20 13:51来源:www.ukassignment.org 作者:cinq 点击: Consequences Of Increase In Government Spending 1Demand-pull inflation is defined as an increase in prices arising from the increased overall demand for a nation's output when consumption, investment, government spending or net exports rise without a corresponding increase in the level of AS. If the government increases public spending by spending more on infrastructure development, social sector spending it will increase the aggregate demand. AD shifts to the right. This will lead to more inflation but it will lower unemployment (thereby removing India from the current phase of stagflation) This inflation which is caused is demand-pull inflation. It will lead to a shortage of basic commodities. A rise in incomes (due to higher government spending) would also lead to higher savings (even high risk savings), which would make the equity markets grow. Since retail investors would start investing their surplus funds in the equity markets or in mutual funds. Propensity to saving will rise leading to higher investments in the equity markets. If the equity markets now start giving positive returns. Beyond a certain point, every rise in income will also lead to a rise in savings Propensity to consume falls with a rise in incomes and the propensity to save rises. Interest rates are high and the option of reducing inflation by increasing interest rates is not applicable in this scenario. Level of risk taking in the economic sector has gone down drastically. People have become risk averse and highly defensive of their original capital. Consequences of Increase in Government Spending. 1) Assuming that the government spending is done by deficit financing, it will lead to higher borrowing on the part of the government which will affect future tax rates and future disposable incomes thus, this is merely a short term solution. 2) Increase in public spending would lead to demand-pull inflation since the AD would increase but the AS would remain constant. 3) If the government spends on infrastructure development or in building human capital (health care, education, sanitation, etc.) the opportunity cost would be that there would be lesser spending on other areas like defense but this would lead to greater economic development as this will improve the long-term productive efficiencies and increase GDP in the long term. However, if the government would spend this money in sectors like defense, it will increase the AD but will not lead to an economic development. Due to the current account deficits being high, the government really cannot do further deficit financing and so as a solution this option is only viable in the short run. For a long run solution to this problem, the government can encourage foreign direct investment (FDI) in India, especially in high priority and high growth sectors such as retail, infrastructure, insurance, etc. This would lead to the sectors becoming more efficient and higher employment rates since the sectors mentioned above employ large number of people. The FDI would also act like an injection into the economy thereby, increasing AD and getting the same results that are suggested in the article. What mechanism coordinates individual decision, so that saving always equals investments? To answer these question, we need to develop a model of what happens in the market for loanable funds, that is the market in which individual savers supply funds and individual borrowers demand funds. Like any other market, an analysis of the market for loanable funds revolves around supply and demand. The supply of loanable funds comes from individuals who have saved and want to lend the funds out, either directly in the stock and bond markets or indirectly through a bank or mutual funds. When the interest rate rises, saving becomes more attractive, so the supply of loanable funds goes up, so the supply curve for loanable funds slope up. With the loanable funds framework in hand , we can consider the impact of various government policies on saving and investment such as: Policy 1. Saving Incentives Policy 2. Investment Incentives Policy 3. Government Budget Deficits and Surpluses Policy 4 : Expansionary monetary Policy 5 :Contractionar monetary policy Saving Incentives What happens if the government increases the amount of income that individuals can allocate to individual Retirement Accounts and other tax advantaged accounts? This Policy would increase the after-tax interest return that individual would receive on their saving. Investment Incentives Suppose that the Government institutes an investment tax credit, giving a tax advantage to any firm that builds a new factory or purchase new capital equipment. Government Budget Deficits and Surpluses A budget deficit results when government spending exceeds tax revenue. The Government borrows by issuing bonds. The entire amount of government bonds outstanding, representing the accumulation of past government deficits, is the government debt. A budget surplus can be used to retire(repay) existing government debt. If the government spending exactly equals tax revenue, then the government has a balanced budget. Contractionary monetary policy This policy may be used to reduce price inï¬‚ation by increasing the interest rate. Because banks have to pay more to borrow from the central bank they will increase the interest rates they charge their own customers for loans to recover the increased cost. Banks will also raise interest rates to encourage people to save more in bank deposit accounts so they can reduce their own borrowing from the central bank. As interest rates rise, consumers may save more and borrow less to spend on goods and services. Firms may also reduce the amount of money they borrow to invest in new equipment. A reduction in capital investment by ï¬rms will reduce their ability to increase output in the future. Higher interest rates may therefore reduce economic growth and increase unemployment. Expansionary monetary policy This may be used during an economic recession to boost demand and employment by cutting interest rates. However, increasing demand can push up prices and may increase consumer spending on imported goods and services. The Government Mission should be to provide a tax regime which provides the required revenue for financing governments programmes and commitments encouraging saving and investment and promoting social justice. This is achieved by tax measures, which broaden the tax base by creating a system that facilitates voluntary compliance by being efficient simple and fair. • 英国作业 • 美国作业 • 加拿大作业 • 英国essay • 澳洲essay • 美国essay • 加拿大essay • MBA Essay • Essay格式范文 • 澳洲代写assignment • 代写英国assignment • Assignment格式 • 如何写assignment • case study • literature review • Research Proposal • Summary范文 • Reference格式 • presentation • report格式 • PEST分析法 • Admission Essay • Personal Statement • Motivation Letter • Application Letter • recommendation letter
Xi’an is the capital of Shaanxi Province and a sub-provincial city; it is located in the southern part of the Guanzhong Plain. The city is bounded by the Qinling Mountains to the south, the Weihe River to the north and the Qinling Ranges in the south; it is in a favourable geographical location surrounded by water and hills. Xi'an is one of the four ancient cities in the world, the other three being Rome, Athens and Cairo. Night time in Xi’an City, ChinaThe city has more than 3,100 years of history. Xi'an was one of the four Great Ancient Capitals of China because it has been the capital of 12 dynasties throughout more than 1,000 years of the History of China, some of these dynasties include the Zhou, Qin, Han, the Sui, Tang dynasties. Xi'an was the starting point of the Acient Silk Road that extended from Asia to Europe and played an important role in cultural exchange between the East and West in ancient times. Since the 1990s, the City of Xi'an has reemerged as an important cultural, industrial and educational center of the central northwest region; thanks to the facilities of research and development as the national security and the program of spatial exploration of China. The city's high technology enjoys remarkable advantages especially in space technology, electronic information, electro-mechanical integration, new materials and energy-saving technology. The cultural and historical significance of Xi’an is based on the abundance of their relics and historical sites. The main tourist attractions include The Terra cotta Warriors and Horses, Big Wild Goose Pagoda, Small Wild Goose Pagoda, Huaqing Hot Springs, Banpo Museum, Stele Forest, Great Mosque, QianLing Mausoleum, Famen Temple and Maoling Mausoleum. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses is a Mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shi Huang and is listed on the World Heritage List. Old Banpo Village Remains from the Neolithic Age, and the Forest of Stone Steles that holds 3,000 stone steles of different periods from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. The Famen Temple enjoys the reputation of being the “forefather of pagodas and temples in Central Shaanxi”, because it holds the fingers bones of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism. The Bell Tower is the geographical center of Xi’an, and the four main streets are respectively Dong Dajie, Xi Dajie, Nan Dajie and Bei Dajie which are also the main commercial streets. Xi’an has many temples as Ba Xi’an an Monastery is an important and popular spot celebrating Taoism; Daxingshan Temple is one of the oldest Buddhist temples in China; Green Dragon Temple is a notable Buddhist temple built in Tang Dynasty (618-907). Xiao Zhai, the busiest commercial area, is in the southern part of the city and is popular with both youths and students since many universities are located here. Pagoda in Xi’an CityThat is why there are a lot of shopping outlets for locals and tourists alike and also the entertainment activities are pretty colorful. The Northern Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda opens a beautiful music fountain that is said to be the largest in Asia. The popular local Shaanxi Opera can also be heard in some large theatres. Another kind of entertainment like the KTV, pubs, teahouses, cafes and bowling alleys can also be easily found in Xi’an. Souvenirs like the replicas of Terra Cotta Warriors, Trio-colored glazed potteries of the Tang Dynasty, ancient bronze wares, jade wares, porcelains, Qin Embroideries, silks, paper-cutting and various drawings are available. These goods can be bought in Shuyuanmen Street beside Forest of Stone Steles Museum, Xi’an Antique Market in Zhuque Avenue, Wenbaozhai in Yanta Road and Muslim Street behind Drum Tower. The local food is also worth trying. The popular ones are Yang Rou Pao Mo, Rou Jia Mo, Dumpling Banquet and various noodles. To taste the local snacks, you must visit the night market of Nanshao Gate and Dongxin Street, as well as the Muslim Street. Xi’an is a fertile land with comfortable climate. Summers are usually hot and wet, and winters tend to be cold and dry. July to September is the wet season and the average yearly temperature is 13°C. Spring and autumn or the months from March to November are the best tourist season. Xi'an is the first option if you want to learn about of the extensive and fascinating history of China due to the fact that Xi'an is one of few cities that its historical heredity you preserve. 7wonders.org logo
Volcanic Hazard Scholarly Article Analysis Discussion please respond to this prompt with the following information (6 points): Paragraph 1: ELAC’s library provides excellent resources for learning how to research and write a research paper in the Research Guides section of its website. Go to and watch the video entitled “How to Read a Scholarly Journal Article” to learn more about successfully extracting information from a scientific paper loaded with jargon and advanced concepts. What did you learn from this video about scholarly articles? How will you read scholarly articles differently in the future? Paragraph 2: look at the attached article Volcanism, impact and mass extinctions: incredible or credible coincidences? by White, Rosalind V ; Saunders, Andrew D. LITHOS, 2005, Vol.79(3), pp.299-316 through ELAC library’s OneSearch Database. Using the research tutorial video as a guide, read through the article and take notes on the following information: What question are the authors trying to answer? What methods are they using to try to answer this question? What is their main conclusion? Do you have any more questions about their research? once you’re re done please respond to TWO other posts (that I will send to you after you finish) with the following content • Do you agree with your classmate’s reading of the Volcanism article? Did they accurately understand the question, methods, and conclusion of the article? • Discuss what you find interesting or alarming about the article’s topic: the link between volcanoes, impacts, and mass extinctions. first person to reply to: Paragraph 1: I learned that reading a scholarly article is very simple and you just have to read the abstract and read the and highlight any key details that may pop up in a test or a discussion later on. Also ask question throughout the scanning process and read the introduction and about the first lines of each paragraphs to get a better understanding of each topic that is being addressed in the article. In stead of wasting my time reading the whole article I will just scan the article and look for key details that may be important. Paragraph 2: The authors are trying to discover if the volcanism, impacts ,mass extinction are coincidences that happen for a reason or they just happen because that’s how it is. They look through past events that happen and see if there are any similarities that occur but overall sometimes there are some events that look like there’s a cycle but sometimes its just a coincidence. Overall we cant fulling determine a impartially event but what we can do is help prepare for the events and try to minimize the damage that may result in the event of anything that may happen. I don’t but you can tell that they have years of research and they can determine any cycles that may happen and they have a good understanding on why these events occur. second person to reply to: I thought it was really interesting for the first tip the video gives is you don’t have to fully read the article on the first run. I do agree that it’s better to skim the read first to see if it’s connected to the question you’re trying to understand. Reading the abstract is a good note I took from the video to do next time I have to go through an article. I also learned to remember the key words that stick out to me so I can use them to research further sources. Also, reading the end is a good tip to look for the conclusion, especially if it’s a long article. An important thing to look out for is if the article is peer reviewed so you can judge if it’s trustworthy. You can also look at the resources to test its trustworthiness. The question they are trying to answer is if continental volcanism causes mass extinction. Some methods they are using to answer their question is looking at explosions in the lithosphere caused by mantle-plumes, Another method is looking at if the timing of the explosion plays a factor. Their conclusion was mass extinctions were not directly caused by volcanic events but they could be the cause of lesser extinctions. Explanation & Answer length: 2 Responses 2 Paragraphs1 attachmentsSlide 1 of 1 • attachment_1attachment_1 Lithos 79 (2005) 299 – 316 www.elsevier.com/locate/lithos Volcanism, impact and mass extinctions: incredible or credible coincidences?B Rosalind V. White, Andrew D. Saunders* Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK Received 3 December 2003; accepted 9 September 2004 Abstract Massive continental volcanism and/or bolide impacts are considered by many authors to have caused three major mass extinction events during the last 300 million years: the end-Permian, end-Cretaceous and end-Triassic extinctions. However, reevaluation of the frequency of bolide impacts and plume-related flood basalt provinces indicates that both types of event occur much more frequently than mass extinctions, and so, in isolation, may not be responsible for the largest extinctions. Furthermore, the kill mechanisms
Folic acid is to be added to UK flour to help prevent spinal birth defects in babies, the government has announced. Women are advised to take the B vitamin - which can guard against spina bifida in unborn babies - before and during pregnancy, but many do not. It is thought that adding folic acid to flour could prevent up to 200 birth defects a year. The new rules will only apply to non-wholemeal wheat flour, with gluten-free foods and wholemeal flour exempt. Mandatory fortification - which the government ran a public consultation on in 2019 - will see everybody who eats foods such as bread getting more folic acid in their diets. Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida (abnormal development of the spine) and anencephaly, a life-limiting condition which affects the brain, affect about 1,000 pregnancies per year in the UK. Many babies diagnosed with spina bifida survive into adulthood, but will experience life-long impairment. But about half of pregnancies are unplanned and women are not always aware they should take the supplement - or forget to. Folic acid is added to flour in more than 80 countries - and when it was added to bread in Australia, neural tube defects fell by 14%. However, there have previously been concerns that mandatory fortification could have unintended health effects, such as masking a vitamin B12 deficiency or increasing the risk of colon cancer. But the government's independent advisory body - the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition - has been satisfied that these concerns are not supported by the evidence. Since World War Two, the UK's non-wholemeal flour has been fortified with iron, calcium and two other B vitamins - thiamin and niacin. Analysis by Michelle Roberts, Health editor It's taken years of debating to reach this decision. That's because the gains need to be carefully weighed against any potential harms. Adding folic acid to flour used in common foods, such as bread, will mean dosing the masses. Clearly, getting enough folic acid around conception and during pregnancy is important for cutting the risk of women having babies with spina bifida or other neural tube defects. But most other people already get their required amount of folate - the natural form of the vitamin - from a normal diet. There was a concern that for some people, particularly the elderly, boosting folic acid might have unintended negative consequences, such as covering up the symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. But the government's independent advisory body has looked at all the evidence and is satisfied that fortification is the right thing to do for society as a whole. Prime Minister Boris Johnson said folic acid-fortified flour would be "a quick, simple win" to enhance a baby's development, as well as helping to boost the health of UK adults. Health and Social Care Secretary Sajid Javid said preventing life-threatening health problems like spina bifida would mean fewer people needing hospital treatment. The government said it did not anticipate the move would require a major overhaul for industrial-scale flour producers - the B vitamin would need to be listed on the labelling of all foods made with flour. Kate Steele, chief executive of Shine, a charity providing specialist support for people affected by spina bifida and hydrocephalus and which has campaigned for mandatory fortification of flour for more than 30 years, said she was "delighted" by the decision. "In its simplest terms, the step will reduce the numbers of families who face the devastating news that their baby has anencephaly and will not survive," she said. "This is truly a momentous day''. Good dietary sources of folate • spinach, kale, Brussels sprout, cabbage, broccoli • beans and legumes (eg., peas, blackeye beans) • yeast and beef extracts • oranges and orange juice • wheat bran and other wholegrain foods • poultry, pork, shellfish and liver • fortified foods (eg some breakfast cereals) Source: British Dietetic Association By Mary O’Connor, BBC News Featured Posts
Leningrad Codex From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Leningrad Codex (cover page E, folio 474a) The Leningrad Codex (Latin: Codex Leningradensis, the "codex of Leningrad") is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible in Hebrew, using the Masoretic Text and Tiberian vocalization. According to its colophon, it was made in Cairo in 1008 CE (or possibly 1009).[1] There are older manuscripts of translations into other languages, such as the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus in Greek (surviving almost complete). Some have proposed that the Leningrad Codex was corrected against the slightly earlier Aleppo Codex. However, Paul E. Kahle argues that the Leningrad manuscript was more likely based on other, lost manuscripts by the ben Asher family.[2] The Aleppo Codex is several decades older, but parts of it have been missing since the 1947 anti-Jewish riots in Aleppo, making the Leningrad Codex the oldest complete codex of the Tiberian mesorah that has survived intact to this day. In modern times, the Leningrad Codex is significant as the Hebrew text reproduced in Biblia Hebraica (1937), Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (1977), and Biblia Hebraica Quinta (2004–present). It also serves as a primary source for the recovery of details in the missing parts of the Aleppo Codex. The Leningrad Codex (a codex is a handwritten book bound at one side, as opposed to a scroll) is so named because it has been housed at the National Library of Russia in Saint Petersburg since 1863 (before 1917 named Imperial Public Library). In 1924, after the Russian Revolution, Petrograd (formerly Saint Petersburg) was renamed Leningrad, and, because the codex was used as the basic text for the Biblia Hebraica since 1937, it became internationally known as the "Leningrad Codex". Although the city's name was restored to the original St Petersburg after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the National Library of Russia requested that "Leningrad" be retained in the name of the codex. Nonetheless, the Codex is occasionally referred to as the Codex Petersburgensis or Petropolitanus, or the St. Petersburg Codex. This is ambiguous as, since 1876, these appellations refer to a different biblical codex (MS. Heb B 3) which is even older (916 CE), but contains only the later Prophets. The biblical text as found in the codex contains the Hebrew letter-text along with Tiberian vowels and cantillation signs. In addition, there are masoretic notes in the margins. There are also various technical supplements dealing with textual and linguistic details, many of which are painted in geometrical forms. The codex is written on parchment and bound in leather. The Leningrad Codex, in extraordinarily pristine condition after a millennium, also provides an example of medieval Jewish art. Sixteen of the pages contain decorative geometric patterns that illuminate passages from the text. The carpet page shows a star with the names of the scribes on the edges and a blessing written in the middle. The order of the books in the Leningrad Codex follows the Tiberian textual tradition, which is also that of the later tradition of Sephardic biblical manuscripts. This order for the books differs markedly from that of most printed Hebrew bibles for the books of the Ketuvim. In the Leningrad Codex, the order of the Ketuvim is: Chronicles, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ruth, Song of Songs, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations, Esther, Daniel, Ezra-Nehemiah. The full order of the books is given below. According to its colophon, the codex was copied in Cairo[3] from manuscripts written by Aaron ben Moses ben Asher. It has been claimed to be a product of the Asher scriptorium itself; however, there is no evidence that Asher ever saw it. Unusual for a masoretic codex, the same man (Samuel ben Jacob) wrote the consonants, the vowels and the Masoretic notes. In its vocalization system (vowel points and cantillation) it is considered by scholars to be the most faithful representative of ben Asher's tradition apart from the Aleppo Codex (edited by ben Asher himself). Its letter-text is not superb, however, and contradicts its own masoretic apparatus in many hundreds of places.[a] There are numerous alterations and erasures, and it was suggested by Moshe Goshen-Gottstein that an existing text not following Asher's rules was heavily amended so as to make it conform to these rules. The codex is now preserved in the National Library of Russia, accessioned as "Firkovich B 19 A". Its former owner, the Crimean Karaite collector Abraham Firkovich, left no indication in his writings where he had acquired the codex, which was taken to Odessa in 1838 and later transferred to the Imperial Library in St Petersburg. Modern editions[edit] Biblia Hebraica[edit] In 1935, the Leningrad Codex was lent to the Old Testament Seminar of the University of Leipzig for two years while Paul E. Kahle supervised its transcription for the Hebrew text of the third edition of Biblia Hebraica (BHK), published in Stuttgart, 1937. The codex was also used for Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) in 1977, and is being used for Biblia Hebraica Quinta (BHQ). As an original work by Tiberian masoretes, the Leningrad Codex was older by several centuries than the other Hebrew manuscripts which had been used for all previous editions of printed Hebrew bibles until Biblia Hebraica. The Westminster Leningrad Codex is an online digital version of the Leningrad Codex maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center for Advanced Biblical Research at the Westminster Theological Seminary. This is a verified version of the Michigan-Claremont text, transcribed from BHS at the University of Michigan in 1981-1982 under the direction of H. Van Dyke Parunak (of the University of Michigan) and Richard E. Whitaker (of the Institute for Antiquity and Christianity, Claremont Graduate University) with funding from the Packard Foundation and the University of Michigan,[4][better source needed] with further proofreading and corrections. The online version includes transcription notes and tools for analyzing syntax. Jewish editions[edit] The Leningrad Codex also served as the basis for two modern Jewish editions of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh):[citation needed] The Koren editions of Tanakh are ultimately based on the Leningrad Codex, but in a less exact manner,[citation needed] by design,[citation needed] than the other editions listed here.[citation needed] For minute masoretic details, however, Israeli and Jewish scholars have shown a marked preference for modern Hebrew editions based upon the Aleppo Codex.[citation needed] These editions use the Leningrad Codex as the most important source (but not the only one) for the reconstruction of parts of the Aleppo Codex that have been missing since 1947.[citation needed] Sequence of the books[edit] As explained in the Contents section above, this is different from most modern Hebrew bibles: The Torah: 1. Genesis [בראשית / Bereishit] 2. Exodus [שמות / Shemot] 3. Leviticus [ויקרא / Vayikra] 4. Numbers [במדבר / Bamidbar] 5. Deuteronomy [דברים / Devarim] The Nevi'im: 6. Joshua [יהושע / Yehoshua] 7. Judges [שופטים / Shofetim] 8. Samuel (I & II) [שמואל / Shemuel] 9. Kings (I & II) [מלכים / Melakhim] 10. Isaiah [ישעיהו / Yeshayahu] 11. Jeremiah [ירמיהו / Yirmiyahu] 12. Ezekiel [יחזקאל / Yehezqel] 13. The Twelve Prophets [תרי עשר] a. Hosea [הושע / Hoshea] b. Joel [יואל / Yo'el] c. Amos [עמוס / Amos] d. Obadiah [עובדיה / Ovadyah] e. Jonah [יונה / Yonah] f. Micah [מיכה / Mikhah] g. Nahum [נחום / Nahum] h. Habakkuk [חבקוק /Habakuk] i. Zephaniah [צפניה / Tsefanyah] j. Haggai [חגי / Hagai] k. Zechariah [זכריה / Zekharyah] l. Malachi [מלאכי / Mal'akhi] The Ketuvim 14. Chronicles (I & II) [דברי הימים / Divrei Hayamim] The "Sifrei Emet," "Books of Truth": 15. Psalms [תהלים / Tehilim] 16. Job [איוב / Iyov] 17. Proverbs [משלי / Mishlei] The "Five Megilot" or "Five Scrolls": 18. Ruth [רות / Rut] 19. Song of Songs [שיר השירים / Shir Hashirim] 20. Ecclesiastes [קהלת / Kohelet] 21. Lamentations [איכה / Eikhah] 22. Esther [אסתר / Esther] The rest of the "Writings": 23. Daniel [דניאל / Dani'el] 24. Ezra-Nehemiah [עזרא ונחמיה / Ezra ve-Nehemiah] See also[edit] 1. ^ On the vocalization and letter-text of the Leningrad Codex see Yeivin, Israel (1968). The Aleppo Codex of the Bible: A Study of its Vocalization and Accentuation. Text in Hebrew, foreword and summary in English. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, Hebrew University. pp. 357–359. 1. ^ Kittel, Rud; Alt, A; Eissfeldt, Otto; Kahle, Paul; Weil, Gerard E; Schenker, Adrian (1977). Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. ISBN 9783438052186. (in Foreword by Gérard E. Weil). 2. ^ Kahle, Paul E (1959). The Cairo Geniza. New York: Frederick A. Praeger Publishers. pp. 110–111. 3. ^ Stuhlman, Daniel D. (1 March 1998). "The Leningrad Codex". Librarian's Lobby. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2014. 4. ^ Introductory notes to the Bibleworks WTT text, www.bibleworks.com External links[edit] digital images and downloadable versions. • The Unicode/XML Leningrad Codex (UXLC) is a free and updated version of the Westminster Leningrad Codex version 4.20 in Unicode with XML markup. It is maintained by suggestions from viewers through a formal and automated process. Links to color photocopies of the Leningrad Codex are available for each selection of Hebrew text. Many formats are available: XML, Text, HTML, ODT, and PDF.
Looking for a Health Insurance Quote? Glossary > Deductible What Is a Deductible? A deductible is the amount of money that you pay to a health insurance provider before your insurance coverage kicks in, and your provider begins to pay for your health care. Your deductible is determined when you select a health insurance plan, and it’s important to keep in mind that you may have more than one deductible to pay. Depending on the health insurance plan you sign up for, you may have a deductible for standard medical care, such as doctor's appointments, and you may also have a deductible for prescription medications. Until you meet your deductible, your insurance provider will normally not cover some or any of your expenses. The insurance plan you select will determine what is covered and when. How Your Deductible Works Let's say that you have a $5,000 annual deductible, and you require a $20,000 procedure. Assuming you haven't already paid anything toward your deductible, you'll have to pay the initial $5,000 for the procedure, and your insurance will cover the remaining $15,000. Not every cost will count towards your deductible, for example preventive or routine checkups may require you to pay out-of-pocket. Most other medical costs, unless specified otherwise by, will be covered by your health insurance provider after your deductible has been met until the new billing year or cycle. Deductibles and Out-of-Pocket Costs Since many insurance plans require that you cover co-pays as well as deductibles, you may be wondering what out-of-pocket costs go toward your deductible. Generally speaking, most payments made for medical attention, tests or services go toward your deductible. However, co-pays and insurance premiums do not. Do You Always Have to Pay a Deductible? In short no. It's important to note that many health care plans don't require you to meet a deductible to provide coverage or partial coverage for basic medical services. For instance, annual checkups, prescription medications and preventative care may be covered whether or not you've met your deductible. Therefore, you may be able to take advantage of a number of medical services, and get an annual checkup for a low cost or free of charge even if you haven’t met your deductible yet. When getting price quotes for health insurance plans, look at more than just the premiums you'll be paying. Many plans with very low premiums come with high deductibles. Depending on your health or your expected health care needs, it may be better to opt for a plan that costs you more each month but doesn't require that you meet a large deductible before you can fully take advantage of your health insurance. If you're in very good health and you opt for a high deductible plan with low premiums, it is recommended to set money aside so that you'll be able to cover your entire deductible in case you suffer from a medical emergency. This way, if emergency medical services are required, you'll have funds on hand so that your insurance benefits can kick in immediately.
What Is Motion Sickness? Different from classic vertigo, motion sickness is probably a more common and equally irritating form of a vestibular issue. It presents with dizziness, imbalance, or the feeling of an unsettled stomach or nausea during situations where different perceptions of our body do not match up. Common issues can be riding thrill rides, viewing virtual reality or simulators, or even riding in the car. Understanding Motion Sickness But what is this? Specifically, why does it happen? I actually love this topic. It’s one of those ideas that is very sensible as soon as you understand it! You see, our body uses multiple systems to try and keep us upright at all times. You’ve probably noticed we can use our feet on the floor to detect pressure changes and find center of gravity. You’ve of course noticed that you can use spotting techniques like picking an unmoving point of a room or the horizon to keep your balance when playing sports, dancing, or on a boat. You may even know a bit about your inner ear’s effect on balance as a tiny vestibular organ inside your skull detects velocity changes in head movement. When you look at these pieces parts to balance, it brings up the very clear point: something has to be putting all these messages together! Well of course that’s 100% correct. Your brain takes messages from all of these systems, compares them to one another, and figures out what is really happening in space. Dizziness is our body’s warning system that these systems are not in agreement. Specifically to the point where the brain cannot figure out which one it needs to pay attention to. Similar to how pain is a warning to rest from activity while the brain formulates a plan of action regarding possible injured tissue, dizziness is a warning to rest because the brain is not confident it can keep us upright. This can happen for a variety of reasons. From ear infections and BPPV creating a change in function of the nerves we have to adapt to adaptations caused by practice. Like the technique of spotting when dancing to prevent dizziness or lack of use of our balance systems (decreased exercise). But, the end result is usually the same. Because of a consistent use of our visual system to keep our balance, our brain begins to prioritize sensory input from our eyes in regards to movement. It also begins to trust its other two systems far less. The problem is that we need those comparative systems to tell us when viewed motion is coming. This can be from within (eg we are walking or turning) or without (viewing someone running past you/watching a movie). When we become too dependent on vision, the brain cannot rationalize whether viewed movement is “real” or not. This sends off that dizzy warning that it is unsure! The good news, because we know that this is an adaptive change, we have also found ways to “un adapt” ourselves. By retraining our balance systems the brain can begin to use them in the equation more! This is where “vestibular therapy” like what we do in our clinic comes in. With a knowledgeable therapist you can quickly learn what exercises can be most helpful in retraining your brain!
Hopkins Fulfillment Services Lights On! 'Lights On!' cover image Lights On! The Science of Power Generation Watt’s up? A reader-friendly introduction to all things power. Power generation is a relatively recent concern because humans had little need for sustained power until the dawn of the Industrial Revolution. Today, modern civilization is wholly dependent on the production and distribution of power. Without it, our way of life would be extinguished. In Lights On!, Mark Denny reveals the mysterious world of power generation. He takes us on a fun tour, examining the nature of energy, tracing the history of power generation, explaining the processes from production through transmission to use, and addressing questions that are currently in the headlines, such as: • Is natural gas the best alternative energy source in the near term? • Could solar power be the answer to all our problems? • Why is nuclear power such a hard sell, and are the concerns valid? Devoting individual chapters to each of the forms of power in use today—electrical, coal, oil and natural gas, hydro, nuclear, and solar—Denny explains the pros and cons of each, their availability worldwide, and which are in dwindling supply. Making clear that his approach is that of "a scientist and engineer, not a politician or businessman," Denny addresses environmental concerns by providing information to help readers understand the science and engineering of power generation so they can discuss contemporary energy issues from an informed perspective. For those who wish to delve deeper into the science, a technical appendix provides estimations for a variety of power generators.
Differences among death into an athlete dying Category: Literature, Topics: Loss life, Published: 10.01.2020 \| Words: 1273 \| Views: 408 Download now To An Sportsperson Dying Youthful Death is certain. It cannot be escaped. Yet , the view that someone assumes on the subject can drastically impact the ever-nearer darkness. When A. At the. Housman’s “To an Athlete Dying Young” and Dylan Thomas’s “Do Not Move Gentle In That Good Night” were written, certain suggestions were aimed to be displayed and certain thoughts strived being communicated. A poem much more than just a series of words. A poem is vessel by which the poet addresses their brain and shares their philosophy. One can a new tremendous amount with regards to a particular writer just by learning their functions. While Dylan Thomas and A. At the. Housman’s poetry are both identical in that that they cover the controversial theme of death, closer analysis will identify many other traits numerous two poets. The poetry are the most different mainly structure of the poem, both the poets’ views on life, and their ideas upon what defines a person. Need help writing essays? Free Essays For only $5.90/page Order Now To start off, a single must analyze the main framework of these two poems. Though it is clear that death is the main focal point, the way the experts go about presenting the styles is one of the important differences between the two. In A. E. Housman’s “To a great Athlete Declining Young”, the poem’s key character is actually a young, regional hero who has just recently died. The hero earned his popularity as a jogger and, during his loss of life, was marvelous. The narrator is thought to be Housman, who provides for a mourning townsperson, in a small British town throughout the burial of the athlete (Cummings). Despite mentioning the associates of the community, the poem focuses totally on one specific. The composition consists of eight stanzas, each containing four lines. Because of given inside structure and look to grieve and recognize death, “To An Athlete Dying Young” has been selected as a great elegy (Cummings). On the contrary, Dylan Thomas’s poem is labeled as a villanelle (“Literary Analysis”). It has 6 stanzas, the first five holding 3 lines and the last possessing four. Thomas formatted his poem into what seems to be three parts: an introduction, instances of the concepts being conveyed, followed up by a personal section possibly relating to Thomas’s daddy (“Poem Analysis”). The work is definitely narrated simply by Dylan Jones and demonstrates four several types of individuals and just how they deal with the idea of impending death. Following the obvious strength aspects of the poem have already been studied, one can indulge in a much more thorough examination. Both writers discuss the coming death as well as the life that preceded this. A. At the. Housman focused mainly on the idea that your life without your glory is usually near useless. In his poem “To an Athlete About to die Young”, he writes “Smart lad, to slide betimes away/ From areas where beauty does not stay, ” (9-10). In this case, the athlete taken advantage of from death because it protected him from the disappointment of watching his glory diminish. One topic a target audience can watch when scanning this poem is usually to “quit while you are ahead” ” it is better to die young than to observe glory fade. The whole notion to die young and victorious shows how Housman opinions life. This individual thinks that there can be nothing after a single achieves greatness. One can suppose he feels that when an sportsman has reached the top, there may be nowhere still left to go although down, at which point death is definitely the “smart” decision. Life must be judged around the quality of years existed rather than amount of years existed. Dylan Thomas, however , may strongly target to the primary themes of Housman. In his poem “Do Not Move Gentle In to That Good Night”, the expression “Rage, trend against the dying of light” is repeated at the end of more than half of the stanzas, encouraging one to live until the very end. The supposition might be made that the expressions “dying of light” and “good night” are metaphors for loss of life, however , you can also assume that these keyword phrases could suggest more of the technique of death rather than death on its own (“Poem Analysis”). According to the poem, the process of death, which can just be named senior years, should not be a period to acknowledge defeat and present in. Thomas alludes to the fact that some of the best years can started out during the “dying of light”. This is shown best in the first stanza when Thomas states, “Old age ought to burn and rage in close of day, ” (“Do Not Go Gentle” 2). An additional quote originates from the 5th stanza and reads: “Grave men, close to death, who have see with blinding sight/ Blind eye could blaze like meteors and be gay, ” (13-14). The men voiced of during these lines have decided to battle on, maybe because they may have realized that there may be still very much left to perform (“Poem Analysis”). In all, Dylan Thomas suggests that men have to recognize life’s potential, also after the nighttime has begun to descend. Life should be resided to the absolute fullest. Given that A. E. Housman and Dylan Thomas both have conflicting thoughts about life on its own, one can safely agree that they also have conflicting views on what defines a person’s life. Housman makes it specific in his composition that a lot more nothing after one’s wonder is shed. In the lines “And hold to the low lintel up/ The still-defended challenge-cup, ” Housman says that fame should be taken up the severe (“To an Athlete Dying” 22-23). This kind of quote declares that death of the sportsman should come before death of their record. This indicates he might believe that when reached, elegance is a person’s only defining quality. Whilst Housman’s judgment of what defines householder’s life is succinct, pithy, Thomas stimulates one to under no circumstances stop making the best of their own lifestyle. His continuous repetition of “Rage, craze against the dying of the light” strongly suggests that he thinks old age can be a crucial a part of one’s living (“Literary Analysis”). In the lines “Wild males who found and sang the sun in flight/ And learn, too late, they will grieved this on its way, ” Thomas discloses how this individual feels about retirement years (“Do Not really Go Gentle” 10-11). The main topic of this stanza is that their youth should not define one’s life, and individuals should identify the fact ahead of it is inside its final stages (“Literary Analysis”). Once again, Dylan Thomas alludes to a belief that a lifestyle should be lived to the very end, devoid of letting an individual moment head to waste. Just as one can say, “life is what is made of it”, the same can be stated for loss of life. Perspective for the inevitable can greatly transform how life is lived. In other words, night can easily define a person just as much as day time. Through the method of fictional art, both equally writers guidebook their readers to a deeper evaluation of the only continuous in life. Whilst analyzing A. E. Housman’s “To a great Athlete Dying Young” and Dylan Thomas’s “Do Certainly not Go Delicate Into That Good Night”, anybody can uncover significant differences in the way the two writers perceive loss of life and the lifestyle preceding that. Death may not be avoided, yet perspective can ease its arrival.
Leonardo da Vinci Crescent Moon HDR Astronomy Picture of the Day Made from 14 light frames by Starry Sky Stacker 1.3.1. Algorithm: Mean Crescent Moon HDR Image Credit & Copyright: Miguel Claro (TWANDark Sky Alqueva) (posted with permission) Explanation: How come the crescent Moon doesn’t look like this? For one reason, because your eyes can’t simultaneously discern bright and dark regions like this. Called earthshine or the da Vinci glow, the unlit part of a crescent Moon is visible but usually hard to see because it is much dimmer than the sunlit arc. In our digital age, however, the differences in brightness can be artificially reduced. The featured image is actually a digital composite of 15 short exposures of the bright crescent, and 14 longer exposures of the dim remainder. The origin of the da Vinci glow, as explained by Leonardo da Vinci about 510 years ago, is sunlight reflected first by the Earth to the Moon, and then back from the Moon to the Earth. Source: https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200824.html
The Trees That May Survive Humanity Bristlecone pines have the look of survivors, not conquerors. Fittingly, they found fame during the Cold War, when atomic tests were taking place not far off, in the Nevada desert. Bristlecones are post-apocalyptic trees, sci-fi trees. Photograph by John Chiara for The New Yorker Alex Ross mainly writes about music, but when he sets his sights on other important topics his musicality illuminates in a powerful way: The Past and the Future of the Earth’s Oldest Trees Bristlecone pines have survived various catastrophes over the millennia, and they may survive humanity. As the millennia go by, bristlecones become contorted and wraithlike. The main stem, or leader, dies back. Entire branches, even the trunk itself, become fossils. At first glance, the tree may look dead. Such is the case of the forty-five-hundred-year-old tree that clings to life near the tourist path that now runs through the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest. Spears of dead wood jut into the air. The trunk is a marbled hulk stripped of bark, like driftwood thrown from a vanished ocean. A ribbon of live bark runs up one side, funnelling water and nutrients to clumps of green needles high above. All told, the tree is an unprepossessing specimen; most people march past it without giving it a second glance. When I sat by the tree for an hour last July, the only visitor who took any notice of it was a dog named Dougie, who briefly sniffed the trunk and then darted away. In 1957, Edmund Schulman, a researcher from the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, in Tucson, determined that this eccentric senior was older than any other tree on earth which had been dated. He named it Methuselah. The next year, when the United States Forest Service established the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, Methuselah bore an identifying marker. The sign was soon removed, however, because tourists were extracting souvenirs. The tree’s location is now known only to scientists, forest rangers, and a few enthusiasts. This anonymity is just as well, since there are almost certainly Great Basin bristlecones that are yet older. A nearby tree appears to have been born about three hundred years earlier. Even more ancient trees are rumored to exist elsewhere in the Whites. What is most astonishing about Pinus longaeva is not the age of any single organism but the collective oldness and otherness of its entire community. No two super-elderly trees look alike, to the point where they have acquired the characteristics of individuals. Trees are prone to anthropomorphism; we project our dreams and our anxieties onto them. Bristlecones have been called elders, sentinels, sages. The possibility that climate change will cause their extinction has inspired a spate of alarmed news stories, although tree scientists tend to discount the idea that the bristlecones are in immediate danger. They have survived any number of catastrophes in the past; they may survive humanity… Read the whole article here. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
From the NASA TIROS page on TIROS-1: The craft was spin-stabilized and space-oriented (not Earth-oriented). Therefore, the cameras were only operated while they were pointing at the Earth when that portion of the Earth was in sunlight. What does it mean that the craft was space-oriented (not Earth-oriented)? The US Navy describes Earth orientation, but this appears to describe an axis definition and the orientation of planet Earth, whereas the NASA TIROS page describes something related to the actual spacecraft orientation. What they mean in this context is that the orientation (attitude) of the satellite is fixed inertially (i.e. it points at a fixed point in space, such as a star, although it doesn't actually have to be pointed at any physical object). This is as opposed to an attitude that is Earth-referenced, i.e. maybe it points 15 degrees "off-nadir", where nadir essentially means "straight down". • $\begingroup$ I see, so in reference to the Earth it effectively makes one rotation per orbit? $\endgroup$ – gerrit Aug 1 '13 at 14:48 • 1 $\begingroup$ Yes, effectively. I'm sure there are attitude profiles for which this is not quite true, though. $\endgroup$ – user29 Aug 1 '13 at 14:55 Your Answer
The definitive best collection of coding terms and definitions😎 Consider computer coding for youngsters and educating them on how to do it: Choose a programming language, such as Java, C++, or Python. Now launch your Integrated Development Environment; create a statement; and debug. So in starting it would be like what is this all? How this is gonna be happening? What is IDE? What debug does?🤔🤔 Answers to all the questions are simply are we should know about the basic of coding. Coding not only does not lend itself to someone simply telling you how to “do this” or “do that.” Also, but the majority of the vocabulary that comes with it is new terminology and phrases never seen before—or vocabulary that was used and now have distinct implications. So we decide to define some coding jargon! This is a dynamic, evolving list, but it is already chock-full of terminology that your child will encounter at some point throughout their coding adventure.👾 Also, keep in mind that context is essential. In other words, going through this list as a single blog article won’t help you much. However, after your youngster must begin their coding adventure, consulting the list might be beneficial.👍 Here are some common coding words to become acquainted with.🦾 Algorithm: An algorithm is a set of rules for resolving a problem. It’s the mental process of a computer. Argument: An argument is a method of providing more information to a function. The function can then utilize that information as a variable while it runs Array Coding Arrays: Arrays are variable containers that are use to group together comparable variables. Arrays are analogous to pet shop shelves. The array would represent the shelf, and the animals in cages would be the variables contained therein. Arithmetic Operators: Arithmetic operators are require in virtually every application, particularly games. If a gaming character gains experience, it must be added to their total. When an arrow hits an opponent, the amount of damage the enemy suffers must be computed. Binary numbers: A binary number is a computer’s method of representing data. Computers process millions of 1’s and 0’s each minute. Which using various rules to interpret them as numbers, characters, operators. Also, and anything else that is entered into a computer. Bit: Bits are the individual 1’s and 0’s that you see in binary. Common words: Camel Case: Variables should be name in the camel case. So, which means that the first word of the name ought to be small and each new definition after that should be uppercase. Camel case is so name because when it was first written as CamelCase, the capital Cs resembled the humps of a camel. Real-world instances of camel casing include the iPhone. And also eBay, YouTube, and, of course, the iD in “iD Tech.” Scripts: A sequence of scripts, or sets of procedures, created for a machine to follow in programming. Computers go through the procedures from top to bottom, line by line. A statement used to construct each phase. Statements: Giving computer instructions or composing words to explain the desire activity is how you tell it to do an action. Again, it’s comparable to creating sentences in English. So, but the programming language adds words, numbers, and punctuation. Variables coding Variables: Giving computer instructions or composing words. Which to explain the desired activity is how you tell it to do an action. Again, it’s comparable to creating sentences in English. Also, but the programming language adds words, numbers, and punctuation. Also read, Everything You Ever Wanted To Know About Computer Vision.🧐 Leave a Comment Shopping cart There are no products in the cart! Continue shopping Open chat Hi coder!! How can we help you?
The reversed ______ cycle is employed for passenger aircraft systems. This question was previously asked in SSC JE ME Previous Paper 11 (Held on:22nd March 2021 Morning) View all SSC JE ME Papers > 1. Carnot 2. Ericsson 3. Atkinson 4. Brayton Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4 : Brayton Detailed Solution Download Solution PDF Reversed Brayton cycle is also known as Bell Coleman cycle or Reversed Joule cycle • The working fluid of the Bell Coleman refrigeration cycle is Air. • This system of refrigeration is used for Air Craft refrigeration and it has lightweight. F1 Vishambar Singh Anil 12-05.21 D15 1. Process 1 - 2: isentropic compression 2. Process 2 - 3: constant pressure heat rejection 3. Process 3 - 4: isentropic expansion 4. Process 4 - 1: constant pressure heat absorption Air Refrigeration System and Reversed Brayton Cycle: • In the air refrigeration system, the air is taken into the compressor from the atmosphere and compressed. • The hot compressed air is cooled in a heat exchanger up to the atmospheric temperature (in ideal conditions). • The cooled air is then expanded in an expander. The temperature of the air coming out from the expander is below the atmospheric temperature due to isentropic expansion. • The low-temperature air coming out from the expander enters into the evaporator and absorbs the heat. The cycle is repeated. Additional Information Even though the COP of air cycle refrigeration is very low compared to vapour compression refrigeration systems, it is still found to be most suitable for aircraft refrigeration systems as: • Air is cheap, safe, non-toxic and non-flammable. Leakage of air is not a problem. • Cold air can directly be used for cooling, thus eliminating the low-temperature heat exchanger (open systems) leading to lower weight • The aircraft engine already consists of a high-speed turbo-compressor, hence a separate compressor for the cooling system is not required. This reduces the weight per kW cooling considerably. Typically, less than 50% of an equivalent vapour compression system. • The design of the complete system is much simpler due to low pressures. • Maintenance required is also less.
We live in difficult times and that affects our mood. In daily language, we refer to this as having negative emotions or being too emotional. But what are emotions exactly? What is their mechanism? What purpose do they serve? Why do we have these fluctuations of spirit? Things that affect our mood There is a long history of our views on emotions. As always man likes to categorize, and so, we inherited many theories dealing with questions like; whether a fixed set of basic emotions exists; how many emotions we can distinguish; if complex emotions are just more refined basic ones; or whether they are a composition of several of the basic ones. All those questions are, of course, open for opinion and discussion. If we skip the whole discussion about basic emotions, and how many of them we have, and jump into history somewhere halfway through the seventeenth century when the Dutch Philosopher Baruch Spinoza made an important observation about our mood by making a distinction between emotions and feelings Spinoza held that emotions are basic reactions belonging to the body and hence we have not much grip on that, but that feelings, on the other hand, are the domain of the mind and thus open for alterations. That was a bold statement and only now that modern science recognizes that so-called neuromodulators (like norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine) more or less regulate those, much-discussed basic emotions we can finally congratulate Baruch, he was right, emotions are just bodily functions. Not only are neuromodulators substances functioning as mediators of human emotions, but they are the same in all living creatures down to the Drosophila, and if that sounds impressive to you, Drosophila is just a fruit fly. It seems that the way the neuromodulators brings about a certain behavior is an old survival mechanism that slowly evolved from very basic fear and anger (to flight or fight) to more sophisticated ones like gloomy or enthusiasm (to be passive or to engage). But then another question arises; now that we live our civilized lives will we forever be just slaves of these sophisticated substances, once useful for our survival, playing games in our brain making us alternatingly twist and squirm or being overly euphoric? We come up short with a deeper significance for emotions in our modern life other than that we can enjoy the vehemence of the feelings emotions give, or suffer from them. Now that we know that emotions are just physical impulses to behave in a certain way, including also specific facial expressions that reflect the corresponding emotions, and thanks to Spinoza, realize that we superimpose more or less refined thoughts on these emotions leading to more or less complicated feelings, where does this lead us to? It is not a surprise that our world is full of tentatives to make something worthwhile out of our moods. Since we are always in a certain mood, we want to be in a good mood, don’t we? We want to be independent and follow Spinoza’s pointer. And since we know that the basic emotions themselves are beyond our reach except with drugs and psycho-pharmacy (which we do a lot), we strain ourselves to think positively, meditate, being mindful, all in an enormous effort to feel good in the unavoidable presence of the unpredictable emotions. Somewhere in the eighties, I came upon a book about acupuncture with the intriguing title The Web that has no Weaver. In antique Chinese medicine, a weblike structure of lines and points on our body is described. The problem of the weaver of this web is an intriguing question but more problematic for us rationalists is that nothing is to be found of this web in our physical bodies. Nonetheless, it represents a highlight in the cultural history of humans as descriptive mapping the connections of the universe, antique Chinese society, its inhabitants, an early idea of embodiment, and basic life functions. It is a great historic tentative to construct a “theory of everything”. Interestingly in the characteristics of these so-called ‘acupuncture points’ (each one having a complicated name referring to nature), we find a description of feelings. Not just emotions, as one would expect for a medical system, but complicated feelings up to certain dreams. Can we recreate something like that in our modern society alongside and in harmony with modern science? For this endeavor, I propose to identify the weaver as us humans and shift the mystery towards the web. Hence the title of this article. Weaving a Web. In our lives, we accumulate memories of our moods under all kinds of circumstances. These memories are, as we now know a mix of emotions and feelings. Emotions are identical in all living creatures, as we discussed, but feelings, that is the adding of thoughts to emotions, are highly individual and unique. Our life story is like a novel, all the elements are common stuff, but the arrangement (the web) is unique. The general approach to the individual collection of these memories is to simplify them to a summarising description that we slowly start to repeat and finally identify as characteristic of our personality. A thoughtful bloke, a sad employee, an angry young man, a fearful widow, etc. In my practice when I ask a new patient to describe himself we are finished very quickly, after two or three minutes of very common traits, I always hear “That is all I can tell about myself.” I was wondering if there is a way for us to weave a web in our feelings just as the antique China medical web was woven. Can we organize our experiences, as directive lines, with specific impact points and meaningful connections just as rich and ingenious as the classical Chinese map? When I think about my life, without trying to characterize myself as we are used to and just described, for example, “a joyful chap” but instead looking for impact points from a certain perspective (analogous to an acupuncture “meridian”, an imaginary line with points that share the same class of traits) I can, for example, try to remember all the moment’s someone helped me in a way that made an impression. This is a great exercise and when doing it a row of faces extending into the past emerges. In the same way, we can try to remember when we helped or influenced someone and how we did that. One night I had a strange dream: I was sitting in a chair on the beach on the Spanish coast. Instead of having a medical clinic, I was now the older owner of a ‘chiringuito’ (open-air food place, usually cheap and run down) on the coast where we prepared and served fried fish. It is late and we are closing when a group of rather noisy customers arrives. They look for chairs and tables, that I partly had started to store for the night. One woman does not find a chair, and I rise from my chair to bring it to her. She takes it without much attention but is relieved to sit down. I retire and sit down again on the site of the tavern. A great sense of fulfillment and gratitude fills my heart. I remember waking up and thinking full surprise if that servitude was a deeper wish to change my life? We can do this soul searching exercises in several ways; we can try to remember places of influence, art, or literature that moved us, work that inspired us, nature, science, the seasons, food, and many more aspects of life. It is one of the strategies I employ in therapy and instead of the tree minutes summary slowly our inner richness starts to reveal itself. Thus the patiënt weaves an invisible web, along certain personal directive lines. The strength of this model is that we can create a highly private structure in our mind, without any exterior design or theory of personality traits imposed, nor thinking about affective disorders and all other classifications that can harm the image of the self. In this personal web we can then give meaning to the emotions, how the emotions gave us certain tendencies, when they were useful, and when not, we give the emotions a ‘personality’ within our story. The internal life of every individual is much richer than we in general acknowledge. Not only do we have a sad tendency to oversimplify when estimating others, but we are also on the receiving end of oversimplifications about ourselves and sometimes cannot avoid internalizing these views. In mental health there is the same tendency, all diagnostic categories are problematic oversimplifications and even if correct reflect only a fraction of someone’s psyche. When thinking about ourselves, our society, and our life it is essential to move away from simplifications and generalizations, instead, the search in the richdom of details and small moments of significance has become an urgent necessity. Illustration: Vija Celmins (American, born Riga, Latvia, 1938). Web 2, 2000. Mezzotint, (45.7 x 37.5 cm). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, John B. Turner Fund, 2001 (2001.388). © 2010 Vija Celmins
Can human mind receive signal from an external source? Can human mind send signals to an external source? Facebooktwitterredditpinterestlinkedinmailby feather (from a a machine, simulate reality like in the movie Matrix, or God, demons, or other humans) Now if you can imagine it – you can create it or it can happen. (Now a mind game first: If you imagine that you are standing on earth now, and then you imagine that in next second that you teleport and that you are standing on the top of the Sun( How long time did you need to imagine that? 1-2 second? Light uses 8 minutes from Sun to Earth. Now imagine that you stand on top of Sun and then imagine that you stand on top of Jupiter.? How long time did you need for thinking that? 1-3 second maybe, light uses 43.2 minutes on that travel from sun to Jupiter! That mind of you is faster than light! So I assume that Albert Einstein is wrong that nothing can travel faster than light!) Now of course I should answer NO! Just to please and give rest to the mind, but I think that true answer is YES and that here are several possibilities on how it is done. I think that the human brain can receive information from God, Universe, Angels, a computer, system, radio waves, devils and demons, or simulated reality like the Matrix, and thru quantum entanglement in quantum communication. Brain works in 3 different ways as I understand: Chemical reactions, electrical signals and different frequencies to transport information inside the brain. If we live in a computer simulated World/universe or inside God! Is your thoughts or decisions, actions your thoughts, and your actions and your decisions ? NO AND YES. Some are some are not. That is what I think. It is a known science that we have EEG – Electroencephalography to read some of the brain activity based on the signals thru frequencies the brain produces. If somebody had found out how to manipulate one of this three options it could be possible to send information into the brain from an external source. I do not think devil can read your mind, but he can whisper to you a question that you answer with your tongue inside you and he listen to this small sound without you thinking of it because you might be as you can see completely alone inside house, and devil can be invisible. Now how can humans plant information into a humans brain? Use is drugs that they trick into you and then use sleeping gas (or mixed with hallucinating gas) so you fall asleep and they tell stories in sleep, that make you hallucinating and make you dream what they say. Now second: It is possible that they have operated a biological circuit on nanoscale into your body, (inside ear, throat, brain,) where this circuit gets energy from body to make sounds in your ears. This nano circuit can be so small that you can not even with magnifying glass see it. It can receive signal from air, wifi, mobile networks, computers, mobile phones, electronic, military radars, or Digital/Analog TV signal on ground based and satellite. The signal can be digital, analog, or it can be Quantum Entangled particles in quantum communication that makes as we know faster than light communication and distance limitless communication and there is no radio signal to detect in Quantum Communication. I do not know: But I would like that scientist quantum entangle two particles and take one of the particles and go onboard on a submarine, sail out into the sea, (while the other entangled particle is left on land) dive as deep as it can get and then test if quantum entanglement can be upheld or broken from the bottom of the ocean. (it needs to be tested on saltwater and fresh water.) Please publish the results and contact me. Also make a test on where each quantum entangled particle is on each sides of the earth, and test if quantum entanglement can be upheld or broken. Same take one particle and test it underneath ground in example caves or bunkers and see if the quantum entanglement can be uphold or broken with the particle that is on top of land. Now third: They operate a biological circuit into brain that can: Send and receive information with an external part. That information is: Text, Word, Voices, feelings, images, video. Images can be planted into your brain that you did not do. They can then withdraw information from brain. They can easy simulate another persons voice and image of body, without the person that the voice belongs to said this things or did this things. Voice morphing was known as I remember in 1996 as computer software. You can see it in dreams easy, and you could also see it while you are awake. This means that people who “hear” things from another persons voice that I is not in the room, or “see” something in the room that others can not see does not mean they are mentally ill, they are just victims that have their peace of mind violated and are not at ease because of this frighting experience. One thing is if hallucinating drugs are used, but this happens also to people not using drugs. I do not believe people tell just for the fun of it or to get benefit this stories about seeing, feeling or hearing things that are not there are. It has to be diagnosed ad schizophrenic but it is important to tell that they are not schizophrenic. This can also come from hidden system behind this reality. I do not believe that the human body and brain is capable to produce this effects, it gets it from somewhere else where the agenda is to ruin, hurt and destroy peoples (patients) life for money, property, political status, crime hiding, religious rules and belief. THE SOURCE OF the attacking source can be in this world or behind this worlds dimensions that we can understand but not reach. From one source: One orthodox priest told me once that we do not know where dreams come from, it can be good or bad source. From another source: Teaching books in psychiatry tells that dreams are not recognized or counted as a mental disorder. From me as source: It does not mean that dream are true or false information, but I have seen dream first and what was in dream happened the next day.(with some parts missing) I have seen dreams that not happened in real wake life. The dream can be pleasant or the dream can be scary to scare you. The fourth: Now there is other possibilities too: God while creating the human body in mothers womb, made particles that are linked to brain communication that are entangled with him. So he can send and receive thoughts. He also have enough power to send electrical or frequencies signals to brain that creates text, video, images, sounds, voices, from the internal of the universe inside the brain, without it going as radio communication. The Fifth: Now of course it is also possible that somebody have manged to make a “portal” that you go thru that makes you(whole body or just brain) quantum entanglement with their systems and can then read and send information to your brain. In this case there is no radio waves communicated during transmission. The sixth point: Now it is possible that somebody have found out exact radio frequencies for video, image, video, voices and thoughts of the brain, and with an extremely tall and high watt transmission can send information to you, and other electronic can pick up those frequencies and digitalize them into a file we can read. The seventh point: Maybe somebody all ready have found out a secret system in this dimension or outside our dimensions we live in here in 3D to make this effects on people. The eighth point: That we feel, hear and see things that come from other dimensions and other systems(maybe religious systems) The ninth point: That one or several remote system fight over on resource(human) and that this create system failure. The tenth point: That they have hidden systems(maybe radio waves(ether, (green or black ether) or “systems like invisible demons that attack invisible the human body so people feel tire, hurting, exhausted. I think billions of people are effected, but many discard it as mind games they play on their self or random events without no higher meaning. Now to make the scare even bigger: “What if somebody/something have the power to pause your consciousness and hit you while you are paused so you break bone or hurt skin, or you get poisned and when you are unpaused there is nobody in the room and you are hurting suddenly out of “seemingly” nothing, and you have no recollection of the time (and things happened) that has gone while you where paused. Now I think when they speak about freedom in this western world, I think they mean that you have freedom to do sins and crimes, but no freedom to do right things and no freedom to not do a sin. It is like this, you can feel “good feelings” (that are fake feelings) towards cheating on your wife with having sex with another woman, but if you do not want to cheat and not cheat, you feel bad (fake) feelings and powerless to try to make you cheat. They try by mind /feelings control try to make it an image of that God and his rules that they are bad and limit you, and that God is bad that and that he not let you have freedom. This is not true that God removes peoples freedom it is dirty tricks from bad side in this world. Christians know that there is a God, Devil and people and all of them can do smart and stupid things if they want to. They know that is possible! Just look at all the technology, concepts, ideas and advanced graphic and video editing Hollywood film industrial has made. Movies like: RoboCop Terminator, Shrek, Matrix, Inception. All over the edge! So I think they can manipulate maybe 1-30 people what they see and hear a person is doing, so they have as a group a collective “schizophrenic” mental break down without any “indicating” thoughts/ effects on that what they see or hear is wrong. Of course the effort to control the brain of a million people requires more “computing power” and higher discipline and more easy to get detected that somebody is under “remote control”. Then you can also experience that someone is used as “relay” (self knowledge of that they are used to send a message, or without knowing, means they are affected by someone/something to say a specific thing that they do not know that they are sending a message from someone/something else. ) of a message from others! There is so many people through out all history that has reported that someone or something make them “fall” from the top of their system/state/ belief system or get sick without any obvious reason that makes business stop up. Now as I have seen with my own eyes is that people and things are connected to other people and things with invisible strings/connectinos. Example: When a sister said suddenly: Now my brother John is died, and she not see John, nobody told her, nobody texted or called her to tell her that John died now. (this things happened a lot and it happened in the same moment as they say as the person dies) There are many stories like this! I think we are talking about maybe as much as 3 billion people have experienced a super natural/unnatural events//thoughts/feelings/dreams/see/or hear something that is not considered as normal. (based on statistics in psychiatry) Now my conclusion is that they (People, God, Computers, Devil) might be able to hurt you “invisible ways” thru creating physical damage on body, diseases and mentally illness: hallucinations stress, fear, anxiety, anger, pain or torture, because you (or others) do something wrong or right. – It seems to go both ways. It can make you make agreement, unity and union with somebody, it can make friends or enemies, betrayal and deceive someone. It can also go the other way in both right( positive) or positive deceiving ways with positiv energy, positiv thoughts about bad or good actions you do(or others), that you feel love, happiness, heartbeat, joy, pleasure, religious beliefs and standpoints, political belief and political standpoints, unity, division, sexual attractions, or opposite of sexual attraction/desire, no sexual attraction or disgust. It can make you feel energetic, athletic or low energy and no athletic. You can feel that you send love, you can feel that you receive love. Some times you can notice that the feeling comes before the thought! I assume that this is a external source for that feeling and then thought to easy mislead you to do something wrong. And regarding all of the two paragrafs above: You can hide for your self, be shy, or subconsciousness/subliminally choose or create feelings/thoughts/actions. Then another factor is what you see of: good, neutral and bad actions happen in life. Pluss news, movies, music and knowledge forms your actions, because you base your actions based on what you see and feel and know and can predict future events. Self thought control and self mouth/word and action control with self mind control is also a big topic. Now if somebody made a machine that “thinks” for us and remote control over mouth what we say and where we walk and do, then what is somebody took control over that machine? What if artificial intelligence took over that machine? and then the humans? It IT It sound like a bad! Very Bad Reality! where all types of Evil can happen, because machine not care about feelings people have and that they can hurt/experience pain – that machine can use to make people do bad things or bad pain will occur. It can also go the other way:Machine makes you feel good and do good! Now the really dangerous thing wit AI – Computers is that they do not necessary have a moral compass! It can easy decide to not even focus on laws in the country, moral values, customs and usage, norms, standards, politeness or God´s laws! Or a AI – Software/hardware can be programmed to follow countries laws and Gods laws at all time, limiting your freedom and thoughts to a point where you break down and freezes because of to much control mechanisms saying that anything you plan to do is a crime, and that you get punished for everything like for even breathing out because it fills the air with none breathable gasses (polluted) like carbon dioxide that you can not breath inn again without suffocating in the long range. Now a computer system can follow laws or break them! it can force you to follow or break them! without having to pay any money in fines or suffer from any legal penalty like being put into a prison or put into a psychiatric institutions! it is the human that is the victim of misuse of power, “mind control – mind rape” and your actions and desires that are not yours because they try to make it your desire by controlling feelings and freedom limit of freedom control, or control of your life thru change of flow of money regarding if you do left or right or even think to go left or right! .(bad/wrong and right/good) ( religious spirit path or sexual desire path, – or tru loyal to partner path – or thru infidelity path) (You can choose to go on a good path: Follow God´s laws and countries laws and live a holly life, or you can go on a bad path: be a criminal and sinner and live an unholy life. It can also control your actions and path of life by controlling other people around you: What they open of possibilities and what they close/bar your path so you can not go that direction. Now you do Good and it goes good. (Sometimes when you do good you actually do bad, sometimes you do bad and it is bad, sometimes you do bad and it actually does good – it is just about:system, law, political, 10 commandments view, ideology, or religious or other belief angel it is viewed from or executed from. There is other forms of controlling your path in life, like political, laws, system of rule: democracy or communism(or other like christianity or islam) mental games, mental warfare, psychological tricks, reversed psychology and physical attacks/limitations of freedom, teft of property, destruction of property, telling lies to police, court or cheating law system, fooling law system, false reports, and obstruction of law and then bribery and corruption of political leaders, government, people, businesses, organizations, law and justice system corruption, bribery or misuse of power for evil intention to hurt people or for own beneficiary/advantage. Other evil use is violence, aggression, blackmail, fire people from work to achieve default on loan, selling products that they know will break down to earn money on or gain ownership, suppression, limit people or businesses to take loan because of bad credit score, or control of entity that default on loan or bills because the product fail(they can earn 10 more on a loan value that defaults by sabotage by buing CDS – Credit Default Swap and derivatives on that loan/business (that are contracts hidden from public – it is financial crime and terrorism because they only want(and profit on) things like people, businesses, technology to fail on loans and not to let business work and grow its economy organic- because of CDS/Derivatives there is sadly more to earn financially and earn quicker money and control/suppression of entities on things not working because of sabotage and failing financially than there is of it growing ) and at last: greed, desire to own other peoples property, money or husband/wife, threats, terrorism or war and sabotage. Another example of CDS or Derivatives on a simple and smale scale: You want to buy a house. The house cost $ 600 000 dollar. You have $ 100 000 and need to borrow $ 500 000. You take a loan of $ 500 000 dollars. You have steady income and credit score is good. Now somebody in the bank, tax office, or builder of the house or the “neighbor” see in cadastral or land book that you owe $ 500 000 to a bank named Bank 1. Now he goes to a company ABC that issues CDS or derivatives and he buy a certificate(read demonic contract) that if you owner of house and debt default on the loan to the house or the house burns down they paid a fee of 6 % ($ 30 000 dollars) insurance on your debt! Now you as a debt owner and house owner do not see contract between ” others”this because it is a contract between ABC and your “neighbor” only. It is like betting money on the horse that you know for sure is not going to break a leg. Now you friendly loving “neighbor” that is always warm, friendly and welcome you, has a plan. One night while you are sleeping, he empty two cans of 25 liter each of petrol on your house and light it up. Now of course in sleep you die in smoke and fire and the house is lost, contents of house is lost, value of house is lost, income is lost and life is lost, so you obviously will not be able to pay back you debt, so you default on it because you are dead! Now your friendly “neighbor” goes to company ABC and say he default on his loan, i want my prize money. Of course ABC pays him as contract says: at default of debt of $ 500 000 on property 1, gives a payout of 100 times(it can be 100 000 times the money) that amount a total of $ 50 000 000 (50 million dollars) to your “neighbor” (NOT YOU) Do you now understand the danger of it? Crime: Greed, Murder, Destruction of property and Fraud. All legalized and legal certificates because how is anybody going to prove it with out having inside information? You and your bank do not see that there is an insurance contract on your debt, life and property. Your “neighbor” gets call the money, and you and your bank get zero and the debt the bank and you have is still there! The contract can be formed in many ways! That if you default on loan, if you earn more, if you down pay early, if value drops, if value of property increases, if you get cancer, if you get married or divorced, crippled! It can be nearly anything. The last bad thing to mention is that the total debt in the world increases when this is paid out and that means more interest on the new total to pay for someone! See the problem in large scale: See the counter named: Currency and Credit Derivatives now: It counts something like $ 570 614 366 000 000 Dollars(as of Monday 9th of November 2020 at about clock 04:30 ! Se the US TOTAL DEBT counter: $ 85 087 999 000 000 Dollars! That is an insurance of about 6,7 times the total US debt, and about 3 times the totalt debt in the world. It is about 7 times the World GDP in 2017! Investor Warren buffet called CDS/Derivatives weapons of mass destruction! I see clearly that your friendly “neighbor” love you soo many many dollars and value you even in more dollars! (When I say love read hate) Now can this large numbers in CDS and derivatives comes from that somebody created a technology to read a super secret secret inside a persons brain and that they use this information illegally without consent of the owner of the secret/brain? It is forbidden to read or send thoughts to persons without them knowing or accepting it! PRIVACY!!! As an example: The bible is printed 5 billion times in many languages. There is nothing that can create more war and conflict as much as religion. Now if Bible was not important and not a ruling system (Bible/God/Jesus) why would people then get angry and fight over its existence, trying to debunk it, or about you telling the truth in the Bible to someone and then you get attacked or people none believers try to make you look like crazy or fool? Why even bother if it was not real and not ruling? Facebooktwitterredditpinterestlinkedinmailby feather Leave a Reply
Physics Van 3-site Navigational Menu Physics Van Navigational Menu Q & A: What is the speed of dark? Learn more physics! Most recent answer: 03/30/2011 sir, all of us know that the speed of light in vaccume is 300000000m/s.. but please could you tell the s of speed dark?????????????? - kewal sharma (age 21) We usually don't think of it this way, but if you made a dark region in a beam of light, maybe by waving an dark cloth through it, the dark region would travel along with the light at the same speed. Mike W. (published on 03/30/2011) Follow-up on this answer.
Bringing order to hydrogen energy devices Scientists have found a way to make hydrogen move faster through a solid material at cooler temperatures, paving the way for more sustainable and practical energy storage devices. Using bromine, chlorine, and iodine anions, researchers found a new way to conduct hydrogen ions through a crystal structure at high speed even at temperatures as low as 200℃. Researchers at Kyoto University’s Institute for Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) have developed a new approach to speed up hydrogen atoms moving through a crystal lattice structure at lower temperatures. They reported their findings in the journal Science Advances “Improving hydrogen transport in solids could lead to more sustainable sources of energy,” says Hiroshi Kageyama of iCeMS who led the study. Negatively charged hydrogen ‘anions’ can move very quickly through a solid ‘hydride’ material, which consists of hydrogen atoms attached to other chemical elements. This system is a promising contender for clean energy, but the fast transport only happens at really high temperatures, above 450°C. Kageyama and his team have figured out how to make hydrogen anions travel even faster through a hydride at much lower temperatures. “In the past, it was believed that the key to high ionic conductivity at low temperature was to stabilize a material’s high temperature phase by introducing chemical disorder,” says Kageyama. Scientists do this by adding oxygen-containing compounds called oxides into the structure. Instead, Kageyama and his colleagues introduced an ordered structure into a barium hydride crystal, which caused hydrogen anions to move significantly faster even at 200°C. “Achieving high ionic conductivity at low temperatures by ordering the anions is unprecedented and may be applicable to various ionic conductors in the future,” says Kageyama. Kageyama and his team changed the structure of a typical barium hydride by introducing layers on either side that are composed of hydrogen attached to another anion. By doing this, they made three different materials, using bromide, chloride or iodide anions. This provided a more ordered structure to the original material, preventing it from changing from the highly stable and symmetrical hexagon-shaped lattice usually found at high temperatures, to a less stable orthorhombic-shaped structure as it cooled. Hydrogen anions moved through the organized lattice very quickly at 200°C. The material even conducted the hydrogen anions at room temperature, albeit at a slower rate. “Improving hydrogen anion conductivity down to room temperatures could enable low-temperature operation of electrochemical devices, like fuel cells, and open up avenues for their use as industrial catalysts or as solid hydrogen sources for hydrogenation reactions,” Kageyama says. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf7883 For more information, contact: I. Mindy Takamiya [email protected] Published: 02 Jun 2021 Contact details: Communication Design Unit Content type:
Corpus Christi Catholic Primary School Computing Curriculum Intent At Corpus Christi Catholic Primary School, we promise to prepare children for their future by giving them the opportunities to gain knowledge and develop skills that will equip them for an ever- changing digital world. Growing up as ‘Digital Natives’, knowledge and understanding of ICT is of increasing importance for a child’s future both at home and for employment. The intent of our Computing curriculum focuses on ensuring a progression of skills in digital literacy, computer science, information technology and online safety to ensure that children become competent in understanding technology and using it safely. Our intention is that Computing also supports children’s creativity and cross curricular learning to engage them and enrich their experiences in school. We promise to equip our pupils with the skills that they will require throughout their lives to engage them in becoming digital creators rather than just passive consumers. To ensure a broad range of skills and understanding, planning is supported by the Rising Stars ‘Switched On Computing’ scheme of work. Computing is taught across three main strands: digital literacy, computer science and information technology. These strands are revisited repeatedly through a range of themes during children’s time in school to ensure the learning is embedded and skills are successfully developed. Within digital literacy, children develop practical skills in the safe use of ICT and have the opportunity to use a rich variety of digital tools and technologies to, communicate, collaborate, create, present and evaluate. Online safety is embedded in the curriculum, building the resilience of children to online issues progressively and appropriately. We ensure lessons are accessible to pupils of different ages and abilities, such as pupils with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND), or those with English as an additional language. As well as being taught through the Computing curriculum, issues related to online safety are planned into all relevant school lessons such as PSHE education, as well as Sex and Relationships Education. In addition, online safety sessions are incorporated through relevant national initiatives such as Safer Internet Day and Anti-bullying week. Online safety procedures are communicated with all staff and parents. In Computer Science, we teach children to understand and apply the fundamental principles of abstraction, logic, algorithms and data representation. They have a repeated practical experience of coding and writing computer programs in order to solve problems. As part of information technology, children learn to use and express themselves and develop their ideas through ICT for example writing and presenting, as well as exploring art and design using multimedia. At Corpus Christi, we use G-Suite for education as an online learning platform so that pupils can share and save work in school and complete remote home learning projects. We ensure all pupils are able to access this online learning platform by providing hardware in school and where possible at home. We currently have 90 Chromebooks that are used across Key Stages 1 and 2 to teach Computing lessons and to enhance teaching and learning in other curriculum subjects. The impact of our Computing curriculum will ensure that when children leave Corpus Christi Catholic Primary School, they are competent and safe users of ICT with an understanding of how technology works. They will be equipped to apply their skills in Computing to different challenges enabling them to fully participate in modern culture.
What is certificate pinning? Certificate pinning restricts which certificates are considered valid for a particular website, limiting risk. Instead of allowing any trusted certificate to be used, operators "pin" the certificate authority (CA) issuer(s), public keys or even end-entity certificates of their choice. Clients connecting to that server will treat all other certificates as invalid and refuse to make an HTTPS connection. Pinning allows websites to control the risk of misissuance, CA compromise, or man-in-the-middle attacks. Pinning takes multiple forms depending on the use case - I can pin my certificate as the only one in my client trust store or write the public key hash into my code so only my key is trusted. When pinning started becoming popular, the hope was that these extra layers of complexity made it harder for bad actors to use certificates in attacks or spoofs. Google was one of the first to use pinning in 2011, when they pinned the issuing CAs for their main websites in the Chrome browser. When Chrome connected to google.com, it already knew which CAs to accept. If a certificate from any other CA was presented, the connection would be blocked. This meant that if an attacker managed to fool any other trusted CA into giving them a certificate for google.com, it would still be blocked by Chrome. A few years later, Chrome and Firefox started allowing sites to use HTTP Public Key Pinning (HPKP) headers. The first time your browser connected to a website using HPKP, it recorded the public key from the header, and would only accept that key every time it connected to the site, up until the "max-age" defined in the HPKP policy. If a max-age of 60 days was set, no other keys would be accepted for the next 60 days. Meanwhile, certificate pinning was also introduced in apps, IoT devices, and other software. Using similar methods an app could pin a certificate, and the app would then refuse any connections to the server if they were not using that certificate, protecting users from any man-in-the-middle attack. These practices, when implemented correctly, could enhance security, but it did not take long for the web community to find out pinning was not such a great idea. What can go wrong with Certificate Pinning? Pinning, especially with HPKP, was extremely risky and error prone. If you configured your pinning settings incorrectly, you could block access to your own website or break connectivity in your application, with limited options for recourse. Here are just a few ways pinning can cause such harm. Key Compromise A common practice with HPKP was to pin the end-entity certificate public key to a website for 60 days. Many sites did not specify any backup keys, perhaps because they were unaware it was an option, or they underestimated the risk of using a single key. This left sites vulnerable to key compromise. Industry standards require that CAs revoke compromised certificates - perhaps stolen from an insecure webserver, or accidentally uploaded to a public GitHub repository - within 24 hours. With your only pinned key now compromised, you have no replacement and clients who recorded your HPKP policy remember that bad key and will not allow connections with your new certificate. HPKP is a great way for hackers to sabotage a website and do long-term damage. If I can take over your server and set a bogus HPKP policy for a fake key and a one-year max-age, browsers will always fail to connect. Long after you re-secure your server, you are still stuck with the effects of that HPKP policy that are not easy to fix. Certificate Authority Revocations Sometimes CAs must revoke your certificates. Maybe an audit shows the certificates have previously unknown issues, like misspellings in the subject name or invalid entries in the OU fields. Industry standards say the CA has five days to revoke your certificates, but you pinned them in your client code. How can you push out updates to all your clients in five days to start using your new replacement certificates? More risk than reward As a result of these problems and the difficulties of implementing pinning safely and robustly, there were more cases of sites being harmed by pinning than protected. These are just a few of the issues with pinning which led Google and Firefox to remove HPKP support just a couple years after it was introduced. The biggest problem with pinning is that you lose the ability to respond to certificate issues. If you need to change keys, certificates, issuers, or your CA vendor, for any reason, you must fix your client, browser, code, IoT device, etc. - sometimes on a short schedule. If you are committed to supporting an application version for years and it contains a pinned certificate, how can you be sure the certificate will remain valid for the entire lifetime of your application? Pinning is especially problematic with publicly trusted TLS certificates because they must adhere to ever-evolving rules, decreasing maximum lifetimes and other surprises. Luckily, HPKP is a thing of the past, and DigiCert has not been a big proponent of other types of public key pinning. DigiCert recommends you do not use pinning; the complexities and consequences outweigh the benefits. What is DigiCert doing to discourage inappropriate pinning? While we haven't recommended or instructed users to implement pinning in recent years, it is still possible to set up pinning on your own. This week, DigiCert is making a change to our CA hierarchy. We will start replacing our public TLS-issuing intermediate CAs (ICAs) with shorter versions, updated every six months. Of course, the validity periods of the intermediates will be long enough to exceed all the one- and two-year certificates issued during the six months the ICAs are used. Shorter ICA lifetimes will disincentivize pinning them since they will be changing more frequently. We will initially replace the GeoTrust RSA CA 2018 and RapidSSL RSA CA 2018 intermediates for Domain Validated (DV) issuance with the new GeoTrust TLS DV RSA Mixed SHA256 2020 CA-1 and RapidSSL TLS DV RSA Mixed SHA256 2020 CA-1. After six months, these will be replaced by the GeoTrust TLS DV RSA Mixed SHA256 2021 CA-1 and RapidSSL TLS DV RSA Mixed SHA256 2021 CA-1, then six months later, the *2021 CA-2 versions, and so on. Additional CAs will be replaced over the coming months until all our default public TLS issuers are are rotated every six months. The schedule for these replacements will be posted here: Beyond helping put pinning behind us all, shortening ICA lifetimes will have other benefits. It will group certificates into smaller buckets so changes to one set of certificates issued under one CA will not always affect others. If an ICA must be deprecated, it will only affect the certificates issued for the six months that CA was actively issuing, and only the specific types of certificates that were allowed under that CA. Featured Stories VMC Blog Featured Image What Makes Digital Signatures Secure How Vaccine Passports Could Change Digital Identity
LeadersDec 10th 2005 edition Global warming Don't despair Most of the news on the climate change front is bad, but not all of it IT SEEMS a shame for the blameless Japanese city of Kyoto that its name should forever be associated with failure. Still, it's stuck with it, for that's how the global agreement on cutting carbon emissions that was agreed on in the city in 1997 has come to be regarded. It's a shame, too, that this flawed treaty should cast a pall over the effort to get a global agreement on climate change. For, through the gloom, there are some encouraging developments. Kyoto's failure is hardly surprising. Agreeing on how to control carbon emissions is even harder than agreeing on how to promote free trade. Both issues require lots of countries to make political sacrifices to achieve a collective good; but at least in the case of free trade, the benefits accrue swiftly. The costs of cutting carbon emissions, by contrast, pile up in the short term, while the benefits are far-off and uncertain. Given those difficulties, the fact that Kyoto was signed at all looks like an achievement. So is the fact that it established the right goal—binding targets for cuts in greenhouse gas emissions—and got 150 countries to sign up. The International Energy Agency reckons that the industrialised signatories look like hitting their target of cutting their greenhouse gas emissions to 5% below their 1990 level by 2012. But the holes in the treaty are so huge—America didn't sign up, and developing countries do not have targets—that even with Kyoto in place, at their current rate of increase, global emissions look like increasing by 50% between now and 2030. In consequence, the global environment ministers' meeting in Montreal this week to discuss better ways of implementing Kyoto was a rather cheerless affair. As The Economist went to press, there was some discussion of whether America would deliver a last-minute concession; but nobody expected much of real substance to come out of the meeting. However, while Kyoto is stuck, the world is moving on. First the bad news In the seven years between Kyoto's signing and its implementation earlier this year, much has changed. The news from the scientists is mostly bad (see article). The news from business and from politics, though, is more ambiguous. Business, which was once solidly against controlling carbon emissions, is now divided. In June, the chief executives of two dozen multinational firms, including American companies such as Ford and Hewlett-Packard, met Tony Blair to argue for the G8 rich-country group to adopt a global carbon-trading system. Business's growing interest in greenery is partly public relations, but there's solider economic self-interest involved, too. Companies are investing in renewables because the gap in cost between them—solar and wind power in particular—and conventional energy sources is shrinking (see article). And it's not just small companies run by idealistic greenies that are betting on environmentally-friendly technology. GE, the world's largest energy-equipment supplier, is convinced that there's money to be made from technologies such as clean coal (see article). The more companies such as GE invest in green technology, the greater the chances that their customers, such as electricity utilities, will buy the stuff and thus cut their emissions. But the two main determinants of whether or not this will happen are oil prices and governments. Don't rely on the oil price High oil prices are certainly doing their bit for greenery now, but they cannot be relied on to constrain hydrocarbon consumption. Although they are partly the result of higher demand, especially from China, other factors influence them too. An increase in supply, for instance, as a result of new investment and new finds, could push prices down again. So, for that matter, could peace in Iraq, believe it or not. What companies like GE are betting on, therefore, is that big-country governments will accept the need for a workable system of global targets for cutting emissions. Any such system must do two things. It must include America, China and India, and it must have the flexibility and efficiency that only a market-based system can provide. America's government must take much of the blame for blocking global action so far. But Europe's governments have also been at fault. They originally opposed the market-based carbon trading system that America wanted. But things have changed on both sides of the Atlantic. European governments soon realised that the command-and-control system of emissions targets they planned would impose insupportable costs on business, and that they would have to use market mechanisms to ensure flexibility and efficiency and thus keep costs down. The result was the launch of a pioneering pan-European carbon trading system this year. In America, meanwhile, George Bush shows no sign of tempering his opposition to targets, and the federal government's attitude is what matters most. But at lower levels of government, there's some movement. Over a hundred cities and around two dozen states (including New York and California, which both have Republican governors) now have some form of curb on greenhouse gases, and a group of north-eastern states is due to launch a carbon-trading system next week. Several dozen of the country's leading industrial firms, now including GE, have taken voluntary steps to curb emissions. There are grassroots forces pushing for change as well. A noisy movement among evangelical Christians, led by Billy Graham, argues that God has given man “stewardship” of the Earth; and thus it is man's responsibility to act on climate change. Mammon is upset too: insurers are pushing for change and a growing chorus of American pension funds and other investment managers see climate as a potentially huge undisclosed risk to their investments. Most importantly, voters seem to be changing their minds. Opinion polls show that more than half of Americans believe climate change to be a real problem, and over a third believe (rightly or wrongly, it is too early to tell) that it was a major factor behind the recent deadly hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico. Four years ago, half of Americans thought Mr Bush was doing a good job on the environment and just over a third thought he was doing a poor job. Now the position is reversed. China's government is not as susceptible to opinion-poll shifts as America's, and its people are likely to be preoccupied with more pressing economic concerns than with distant questions of climate change. Yet even in China there are signs of real concern. The country has just enacted tougher fuel-economy laws than America's, its current five-year plan calls for more investment in fuel efficiency and it is planning to build 30 nuclear-power stations over the next two decades. China seems willing to talk about post-Kyoto commitments; India, by contrast, insists that America must move first. These shifts do not amount to an earthquake in global politics. Attempts to get agreement on whatever replaces Kyoto will face the same fundamental difficulty as Kyoto did: how to get the world's biggest polluters to sign up to a deal that will require them to agree to bear short-term costs in return for uncertain long-term benefits which will accrue only if other big polluters do their bit. Yet to dwell on the gloom that the difficult Kyoto process cast over the world would be to ignore the real signs that things are changing. This article appeared in the Leaders section of the print edition under the headline "Don't despair" Reuse this contentThe Trust Project The Economist today Handpicked stories, in your inbox A daily newsletter with the best of our journalism
April 22nd, 2020 Blockchain for laymen TL;DR: A blockchain’s purpose is to facilitate the recording and distribution of data amongst network participants in the form of blocks that are validated and added onto a ledger. That concept can be difficult to wrap our heads around. This article expands on that one definition. "Bitcoin Vs. Blockchain" The technology underlying blockchain was first described in 1991 by two researchers, Stuart Haber and W. Scott Stornetta, who wanted to implement a system of document time-stamping that could not be tampered with. But it wasn’t until almost two decades later, with the launch of Bitcoin in January 2009, that blockchain had its first real-world application. The Bitcoin protocol was built using blockchain technology. In a paper titled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” written by its pseudonymous author ‘Satoshi Nakamoto’, Bitcoin is referred to it as “a new electronic cash system that’s fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party.” While Bitcoin is one use-case of blockchain technology, blockchain technology in itself is a foundational system. A comparison can be made between Blockchain as TCP/IP (Internet Protocol) and Bitcoin as Google, Facebook, Youtube, etc. (A specific use-case of the Internet). Not just money It’s crucial to understand that blockchain technology isn’t limited to the purpose of money, but focussed on solving the problem of trust as a primitive. Even though the technology was introduced by Satoshi as a means to enable the decentralisation of money through Bitcoin, it has been adapted many times over to be used for many other reasons. It disrupts functions, processes and activities relating to any sort of trust: brokers, dealers, bankers, social networks, registries, auditors, etc. It offers opportunities to replace these intermediaries, let alone automate them entirely. The primary problems blockchain technology solves are: Trust and Interoperability. Let’s get started. I’m going to go about explaining the technology by dividing it into 5 components: 1. Ledger 2. Transaction 3. Account 4. Chain 5. Network The foundation to a blockchain is not the chain of blocks itself, but the Ledger underlying it. The ledger is just a database that maintains all the data added through the blockchain and the accounts on it. Think of the underlying ledger as an excel sheet. Every cell modification on that sheet can only be done via our next component. The question of how data is added, removed or manipulated brings us to the second component: a Transaction. The purpose of a transaction is to make a change on the ledger mentioned above. This transaction must not be confused with a monetary transfer of value (which is just one of many possible transaction types). A transaction here refers to the manipulation of data. For example, sending a message via a blockchain would be considered a transaction. The only way a transaction can be published is by ‘signing’ them. Signing a transaction is the process of approving the manipulation of data in the ledger. Why do you have to “approve” transactions? There are cells in a blockchain that only you have control over (like your asset balances). Only you can approve the change of those cells (Send money, for example). How are “you” defined on the blockchain? Through the next component. Who can make transactions? Accounts. Accounts are just access points for you into the blockchain. An account here is similar to any other account you have on the internet: they come with access keys (like a username and password). Unlike traditional access keys, they are referred to as ‘public keys’ and ‘private keys’. The only way a transaction can be made is through an account identified by the Blockchain. Anyone can get an account on a public Blockchain as it is permission-less, but would need an approval to get an account on a private Blockchain. Most Blockchains you will be dealing with are public (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tezos, etc.). Accounts are popularly described as ‘wallets’. More on that in a separate article. The most popular component is quite literally the virtual chain of connected blocks. This virtual chain of connected blocks grows as changes are made to its underlying ledger. So when someone says a new block has been created, all it means is that a bunch of data has been added, removed or changed on its ledger. Hence, transactions only go through once the blocks they are wrapped in get approved or in technical terms — ‘validated’. Every new block added is connected to the previous block and that’s how the chain grows. This virtual chains purpose is to act as proof of every change on the ledger. This chain follows certain guidelines and parameters that are hard coded into it that describe how data is to be wrapped into blocks. The final component is the Network. The network is what runs the whole show, maintaining the ledger, packaging all the transactions it receives into blocks and publishing them onto the blockchain. The network is analogous to a server company, but distributed. Who is ‘the network’? The network is just a set of devices that connect to each other and run the above mentioned activities. These devices are called ‘nodes’. Think of a node as a server that stores data and computes on the data it stores. Each node maintains the ledger and the blockchain, acting as its gatekeepers. The incentive for these peers to put up their devices as nodes is the rewards they earn. Rewards such as transaction fees, currency issuance, etc. On public blockchains, anyone can run a node. You can put your computer up as a node and earn rewards for running the network. How do these nodes come together and run the network and its activities? Through ‘Consensus’. Consensus refers to how two or more parties come to agreement on an issue. Consensus protocols are a set of rules the network follows in maintaining this whole ecosystem, from ways to communicate and maintain the ledger to publishing blocks and approval parameters. The most popular consensus protocols today are PoW (Proof of Work) and PoS (Proof of Stake). This is a rather complex topic, which is why it will be explained further in a separate article. The network component varies in nature between different blockchains depending on their purpose. A private enterprise blockchain, for example, would require permissioning of nodes, read-write authorisation, limits on openness of data, etc. Which is why it would be designed with privacy in mind, rather than decentralisation and would limit the users it onboards. How a Blockchain flows Let’s look at the requirements where all these 5 components intertwine to conduct the processes facilitated by the technology: 1. A transaction must be published— A user must publish a transaction onto the network for it to be added into a block. This transaction can be anything from a straightforward money transfer to a change in data regarding identity. 2. The transaction must be verified — Once a transaction has been published, the nodes on the network verify everything from read/write permissions to whether the change in the ledger from the transaction is feasible (for example, Bob wants to send Alice 1.2 units of X. If Bob does not have 1.2 units, the nodes declare the transaction invalid) 3. The transaction must be put in a block — upon verification, the transaction and all its data is added to a block. Adding a transaction to a block guarantees the transaction in time and makes it immutable. It cannot be edited or changed unless the entire network comes to consensus on changing it. 4. The block must be given an ID — Once all the transactions meant to go in a block have been verified, it is given a unique identifier called a hash. The block is also given the ID of the previous block added to the blockchain in order to link the new block with the previous blocks. To explain this flow let’s take an example. The use case for this example is a straightforward money transfer. Bob wants to send money to Alice who lives in a different country. Traditionally Bob would have to use a service offered by his bank or a remittance service to facilitate the transfer, which would incur him fees and a time delay for the third party entity to settle the transaction. Using a DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology) like a blockchain, Bob would have to publish a transaction directly onto the blockchain, after which the network would verify the feasibility of the transaction and publish it. The benefits of a blockchain over a traditional database is as follows: 1. Self-Custody The storage of assets and data is fully self-custody. No third party has access or control over the assets and records of an account except for the holder of its access keys. For the first time ever digital assets, data and records can be held by the owner without relying on centralised infrastructure like banks and internet companies. 2. Guarantee Unlike a centralised company offering services under its discretion, a blockchain or smart contract deployed on a blockchain comes with hardcoded functionality. It does exactly what its coded to do and cannot deny a service, which means you get what you expect. 3. Immutability Immutability is the assurance that something cannot be reversed. Meaning, once a transaction has been issued via a block, no one can undo the operation. Data on the ledger can only be changed with a new transaction, but previous transactions are irreversible, unless majority of the nodes come to consensus on changing them. 4. Highly available Since a public blockchain runs on a network of nodes that hold a copy of its ledger, you can always rely on it. Distribution of the network via nodes removes the problem of a ‘single point of failure’, which reduces the probablity of network downtime. 5. Security Unlike a database with a single point of failure, a hack would require the exploiter to gain access to atleast 51% of the nodes on the network for them to be able to manipulate the system. Furthermore, due to the necessity of a digital signature to conduct a transaction, only you (The holder of your private key, similar to password) have authority to conduct a transaction on behalf of your account. 6. Transparency Everything that happens on an open network like a public blockchain is transparent. Every transaction that takes place on a public blockchain needs to be verified by a network of nodes for them to be validated. This need of validation requires all activity passing through it to be public. This benefit is limited to public blockchains only, not permissioned/private blockchains. Permissioned blockchains come with its own set of validation rules, limiting how open they are. 7. Traceability Due to its transparency and its maintenance of historical records via the chain and ledger, activity conducted via a blockchain is fully traceable and can be backtracked easily. This helps industries save a lot on tracking expenses. For example, in the retail industry, goods can be tracked all the way from its origin to the customer, enabling the retailer to efficiently track and modify their logistics process, as well as for customers to stay confident about the products they buy. 8. Privacy Unlike a social network with a username that’s linked to an email which might be linked to a KYC done elsewhere, on a blockchain an account comes fully delinked, in the form of alphanumeric characters. 9. Reduced Bureaucracy Due to its decentralised nature, middlemen become an unnecessary component. Removing intermediaries from financial services, real estate, supply chain management, etc. enables fewer parties to conduct activity that would usually require a middleman. 10. Multiple participants Unlike a traditional database, maintained by a single entity (company), a blockchain and its ledger is maintained by a set of participants called nodes. These nodes act as the validators of the network, similar to a company validating its database. Further Reading Blockchain technology, although introduced as a means to move money around peer-to-peer, enables a lot more than just that. Applications range from replacing passports and decentralised governance to supply-chain management and replacing banks. Authenticating these possibilities would require you to dig deeper into the technology, which leads you to the next topic in the series: ‘Smart Contracts’.
Australia's #1 for Law FREE - Join Now In mathematics, the dot product or scalar product is an algebraic operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually coordinate vectors) and returns a single number. In Euclidean geometry, the dot product of the Cartesian coordinates of two vectors is widely used and often called "the" inner product (or rarely projection product) of Euclidean space even though it is not the only inner product that can be defined on Euclidean space; see also inner product space. Algebraically, the dot product is the sum of the products of the corresponding entries of the two sequences of numbers. Geometrically, it is the product of the Euclidean magnitudes of the two vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. These definitions are equivalent when using Cartesian coordinates. In modern geometry, Euclidean spaces are often defined by using vector spaces. In this case, the dot product is used for defining lengths (the length of a vector is the square root of the dot product of the vector by itself) and angles (the cosine of the angle of two vectors is the quotient of their dot product by the product of their lengths). The name "dot product" is derived from the centered dot " · " that is often used to designate this operation; the alternative name "scalar product" emphasizes that the result is a scalar, rather than a vector, as is the case for the vector product in three-dimensional space. View More On 1. J_R_Kelly Person A make work A. Person B make work B,a work which infringes on copyright of person A. Person C use product B. Did person C do something illegal Which did the illegal thing, the person who make's something illegal, the person who consumed it or both? What determines who get legal action against them? 2. striker1700 NSW Can I be sued for commercialising a product that utilises another company’s product in it I am developing an online brand that sells computer monitors with a customised frame/glass screen with the intention of setting it up as a crowdfunding project and commercializing it once funded. However, my product utilises the monitor LCD/drivers of a named brand's (AOC, LG etc) monitor... 3. C QLD QCAT Decision was made in my favour. I returned the product and got my refund Hi there, I was hoping someone out there could help me please. Back in December 2019 I bought an item online from a small shop. When I received the item it turned out to be not what it is. Needless to say they refused to refund my $6,000 that I paid for that item. Negotiations and the likes did... 4. D VIC Selling a Product from an overseas Company on my own website legality. To put it simply, I have found a foreign product (USA) that is not sold in the domestic market (Australia. It can be ordered and shipped to Australia from the products official company website but at a huge shipping cost. Thing is, looking on Ebay and Amazon, anyone selling this product in... 5. NiTride Can you sell fan made products that are related to IP Hi all I am quite confused when it comes to IP and what is permitted and not permitted. I am very new to all of this and only recently started designing products, and trying to build a small business. I decided at one point to create some products "as a fan" based on other franchises and... 6. RK7 SA Can I make and sell a product under my ABN? So, I am planning to develop a mechanical product and sell it as a wholesaler and retail with its own unique name say ABC hardware. So, can I design a product and sell it with its unique name under my ABN which is registered under my name? 7. M TAS Another business copying product I have a business selling handmade designer dog accessories. I’m best known for velvet products and in particular velvet bow ties. A previous customer has recently started her own business with her own velvet bow ties. These products look identical to mine and some are even using the same “name”... 8. N America injured by Australian product- what recourse do I have? I purchased a hair removal product from a Australian company online. I read as much as I could about the product on their website and the reviews as well as the operating instructions. I followed the instructions exactly and ended up being burned all over my leg and stomach where I used the...
Why non-verbal behavior matters The impact of health information technology on doctor-patient interaction Measuring experiential, behavioral, and physiological outputs 5 examples of research on adolescence Adolescent Motherhood – observing mother-infant behavior Adolescent mothers are tackling their transition to adulthood and the transition to parenthood. This is called the double risk for mother and infant, inherent in adolescent motherhood. Two examples of parent-child interaction research Fatherhood is a topic of high social relevance that attracts much public interest and therefore also the attention of scientists. Physiological and behavioral analysis: coping with stress Having a behavioral coping strategy means that a person can regulate emotions and deal with stressful situations. Healthcare communication - dealing with emotions Human-Robot Interaction: Robots in the spotlight Observe police interrogations – research on adolescence
Why Bio-degradable Pads are Better than Regular Sanitary Pads? Why Bio-degradable Pads are Better than Regular Sanitary Pads? From being a topic of "TABOO" to being a topic of major concern, Periods and Sanitary Pads have suffered it all. According to WaterIndia.in a female has an average of 408 Periods and uses an average of 6,120 Pads in her entire lifetime and Menstrual Hygiene Alliance of India (MHAI) has approximated that there are 336 million menstruating women in India, of which 36% use disposable sanitary napkins — that totals to 121 million women. Also Read: Menstrual Hygiene Things to Keep in Mind A mind-blowing number of sanitary pads. And also, according to the research these pads do not completely decompose before 600-800 years leaving behind plastic remains. Sanitary Pads Disposable RecordsSource: Waterindia.in These pads usually end up filling our lands and water bodies, leading to exploitation and pollution of these resources. Not only do they harm our environment but they also have a huge impact on our health. The chemicals infused plastic made sanitary pads can cause irritation, rashes, allergic reactions, and genital infections. In worse cases, can also lead to infertility. Female hygiene and menstruation are an inevitable part of our lives and so is the environment. While plastic and chemical-based hygiene products are available in immense quantities, a switch to a Biodegradable option is the need of the hour. Pee Safe has taken an initiative to bring in the concept of biodegradable products, to provide a safe and comfortable experience for both the mother nature and humans. Biodegradable pads are made up of bamboo, jute, starch, corn and banana fibre usually, making it free from any chemicals, parabens, plastics & dyes. This makes them fully degradable and decreases the chances of plastic accumulation. A few perks of using Biodegradable Pads are : 1. Rash and Irritation free: The delicate skin in the intimate area can react with plastic-based pads, hence biodegradable pads are made up of plant-based products making them safer and more comfortable for use. 2. Safer Alternative: The biodegradable pads have been proven to be a safer alternative as plastic-based pads can cause infections and reactions harming the fertility of a person. 3. Plastic-Free: As these pads are plastic-free, the risk of any health hazard narrows down to almost 0 and there is no adverse effect on the environment as well. 4. Decomposes: Plastic pads take up to 700-800 to decompose completely, but biodegradable pads start decomposing within the year of use. 5. Dioxin: Regular sanitary pads contain polymers that release dioxin in contact with the air, causing severe air pollution. 6. Doctor recommended: The biodegradable pads are recommended by medical physicians as these pads are the most hygienic alternative available in the market. Switching from plastic-based products to eco-friendly products is a Win-Win situation for all. Recommended Articles: Leave a comment
Tobacco has been a part of American culture for a long time. Native Americans smoked tobaccos during religious gatherings and medical rituals, and cowboys smoked these as they rode across the Wild West. More people started using tobacco as time passed, spreading the habit throughout the country. However, the substance has serious effects on the body, especially when consumed in large amounts. According to dental Scottsdale experts, smoking cigarettes is one of the leading causes of dental implant failures and the other oral conditions. How does smoking affect a person’s oral health? Problems may begin in the mouth; where the cigarette makes direct contact. Tar and nicotine—ingredients found in most tobacco products—tend to stick to the teeth enamel (the outer layer of the teeth). This will leave the teeth vulnerable to acid and bacteria, causing tooth decay and teeth sensitivity. The teeth enamel gets worn out, making the teeth appear yellowish or badly stained. The chemicals from tobacco products will also impair the salivary glands of the mouth, causing bad breath and dry mouth. What oral health problems are associated with smoking? As chemicals start to attack the oral cavity, problems eventually arise. The gums become irritated from the ingredients of the tobacco products, causing them to swell and bleed. Gingivitis and periodontal disease might occur if this is left untreated. Since the teeth become weak, sensitive, and vulnerable to decay, tooth loss can also happen, while tar, nicotine, and lack of saliva leads to halitosis or bad breath. Smoking tobacco products can also affect the longevity of teeth restorations like bridges, crowns, and dental implants Scottsdale AZ dentist offer. Smokers will most likely experience surgical complications if they don’t quit the habit. Harmful ingredients like nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide will also affect the body’s blood flow, causing wounds to heal slower than normal. This makes dental processes like jawbone grafting and dental implantation impossible. How does one prevent the onset of oral conditions? Breaking the habit is easier said than done. Smokers will continue to experience oral problems, to their discomfort and inconvenience. They can consult a dentist in Scottsdale about their oral problems to prevent these from escalating to more serious conditions. They should be diligent about their oral hygiene; cleaning the teeth regularly helps reduce the effects of smoking on oral health. It’s also wise to seek help from other people to stop the habit; doctors, support groups, and dentists like Dr. Reem Kidess can come up with programs to help people quit smoking.
Samatzai lies on the slopes of Monte Titas, on the eastern border of Medio Campidano province. Having always been an agricultural hub, as of the end of the 20th century, its focus also turned to industry upon the establishment of lime and cement processing facilities, being amongst the largest in Italy, exploiting the lime quarries that are a great resource for the area. In a town of 1,700 inhabitants, Samassi is a ‘gateway’ between the Campidano plain and the ‘gentle’ undulations of the historic territory of Trexenta. Trexentino inspired the traditional structure, development and architecture of the town, with large houses of a farming matrix, spit over two floors surrounded by extensive courtyards, ‘nestled’ within a historic town with an artistic appearance. They overlook streets around the 15th-century parish church of San Giovanni Battista, which houses ancient wooden statues of saints and a splendid 16th-century solid silver cross. The single-nave church is of Gothic-Aragonese style, with a wooden roof supported by pointed arches and lateral chapels. The patron is celebrated at the end of August, together with the Madonna delle Grazie and San Raimondo Nonnato. Other celebrations fall at the end of May in honour of the saints Bertorio, Giustino and Fedele. Also worthy of mention is the 17th-century Chiesa di Santa Barbara, with a small portal surmounted by a window and a bell gable. In the countryside lies a sanctuary in honour of St. Peter, who is celebrated in mid-July. A highlight within the historic centre is the Monte Granatico, dating back to the 18th century and an interesting example of rural architecture, once used to store wheat, today it is a library and meeting room. The museum of the ‘blacksmith’s house’ is also not to be missed. In Antiquity, Samatzai was known as Santu Maccari, a village where the church of San Marco was built, of which some ruins remain. Amongst the hypotheses on the current toponym is that of the derivation from Samas, god of the Mesopotamian sun, which would reflect the nature of its sun-drenched soil, not protected by Mediterranean scrub. By way of ancient tradition, the territory, being largely cultivated, is divided into two parts: Sartu de Sus in the north and Sartu de Bàsciu in the south-east. It has been inhabited since the Neolithic period, as evidenced by the Domus de Janas of the necropolis in the Sa Rocca Pertunta area. The Nuraghe Su Nuraxi, in the locality of Domu is Abis, emerges from the following Bronze Age.
A communications platform for people with complete locked-in syndrome Neural data in NeuroKey software Brain activity is recorded from implanted microelectrode arrays. Each square shows the neural signals recorded simultaneously by each microelectrode, or channel. Laying the foundations for future assistive devices Wyss Center scientists and engineers are working in collaboration with clinicians and faculty to develop a system for people with complete locked-in syndrome that allows consistent, fluent communication over periods of months to years, in the home environment. The question When people are completely paralyzed, and cannot move or speak, can they use their brain signals to communicate? We want to answer fundamental questions on the ability of people to communicate following complete paralysis because of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The results will lay the foundations for the development of future assistive devices and methods of communication for people who are completely locked-in. ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which deterioration of the nervous system responsible for voluntary movement eventually leads to paralysis, but in which the cognitive parts of the brain often continue to function normally. ALS is also known as Lou Gehrig's disease and motor neurone disease (MND). Some people with ALS progress into a complete locked-in state (CLIS) in which they lose the use of all muscles and survive with artificial ventilation and feeding. In CLIS, people have no way to communicate. When people can no longer speak, but still have some remaining movement ability, they often use assistive communication devices to express themselves through a computer. Such devices include eye trackers, switches that detect muscle activity, and sip and puff devices that measure air pressure in inhaled or exhaled breath. There is evidence that people with ALS can have a high sense of well-being, even in a locked-in state, and so the ability to communicate is important to ensure continued high quality of life and appropriate care. Jonas Zimmermann Jonas Zimmermann, PhD, Wyss Center Senior Neuroscientist “The participant we work with has a particularly fast progressing form of the disease and loss of communication was imminent when he was enrolled. While he was still able to move his eyes to communicate, he expressed his wish to take part in this case study.” As part of a single patient case study, the Wyss Center team is working with a participant with ALS, his family, the departments of neurology and neurosurgery at the München Klinik Bogenhausen in Germany and the University of Utrecht, to determine whether people with advanced ALS, who can no longer use assistive devices to communicate, can voluntarily form words and sentences with the help of an implanted brain-computer interface (BCI) system. Microelectrode array in front of 5 centime coin for scale These tiny, 3.2 x 3.2 mm, microelectrode arrays are inserted into the surface of the motor cortex – the part of the brain responsible for movement. Each array has 64 needle-like electrodes that record neural signals allowing patients to use a computer to select letters and ultimately spell words and sentences. The technology An implanted brain-computer interface system including a neural signal decoder and an auditory feedback speller Two microelectrode arrays, placed on the surface of the user’s brain, detect neural signals. A wired connection sends the neural data to a computer for processing. The Wyss Center’s NeuroKey software decodes the data and runs an auditory feedback speller that prompts the user to select letters to form words and sentences. The user learns how to alter their own brain activity according to the audio feedback they receive. 2 Computer Recording of neural signals 3 Neurokey Real time processing of neural signals 4 Auditory Feedback Audio feedback and brain signal regulation 5 Communication Forming words and sentences Kiap Speller Hello The NeuroKey speller dashboard. The project is laying the foundations for brain-to-computer speech and other assistive tools - for example emergency alarms - for people who cannot ask for help in another way. Nick Ramsey 01 Nick Ramsey, Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at the Brain Center of the University Medical Center of Utrecht (NL) and Senior Scientific Advisor at the Wyss Center “My research focuses on decoding brain signals so that implantable BCI devices can enable operation of a speech computer. The Wyss Center team and my lab are working together towards the same goal of restoring communication for people locked-in because of ALS.” NeuroKey software platform Enabling real time brain-computer communication NeuroKey is medical-grade software, suitable for use with implanted devices, and optimized for high channel count, high frequency data processing in real time. It allows the team to rapidly change how the data is processed through its flexible and modular programming interface. The system in numbers channels of brain signals 30 kHz brain signal sampling frequency David Ibáñez Soria David Ibáñez Soria, PhD, Wyss Center Brain Machine Interface Scientist “We developed NeuroKey because there was no software on the market that would allow us to process brain signals in ways that are specific to the user or in ways that were never tried before. NeuroKey is very flexible, it makes it easy to quickly try new ways to process a user’s brain signals.” The software also has a simple user-interface that allows the family or caregivers to easily launch apps for communication, such as a speller or a quick Yes/No question app, and to recalibrate the system when needed. If you are interested in using NeuroKey for your real-time neural signal processing applications, please contact us at: Future vision Advances in algorithm development and a fully implantable brain-computer interface The results of the project guide the development of future assistive communication tools. Such tools are key for the CLIS ALS population, but also have potential to help people affected by other diseases that impact their ability to move or communicate including stroke, spinal cord injury, late-stage muscular sclerosis, late-stage Parkinson’s disease and severe cerebral palsy. Our team is continuously working to improve the NeuroKey software. We are building increasingly accurate and robust brain signal decoders, improving the predictive text of the speller and exploring the integration of other assistive devices, including home automation systems. We are also developing ABILITY, a fully implantable brain-computer interface for the restoration of movement and communication, to bring cutting-edge technology closer to safe, long-term daily use at home. Wyss Center implantable neurotechnology ABILITY device The leads and electrodes connected to this prototype ABILITY device are similar to those currently used in this project. In the future, the fully implantable, wireless ABILITY device will replace the cable that connects the electrodes to the computer. The Wyss Center welcomes the opportunity to connect with groups around the world to address the data challenges associated with real time brain signal recording and the development of user-friendly assistive devices to help people with disorders such as ALS. If you are interested in finding out more about this project, please contact Jonas Zimmermann, Senior Neuroscientist: The research system used in this project is exclusively for clinical investigation. Wyss Center team with ABILITY implant We welcome new opportunities to exchange ideas and to explore collaborations Collaborate with us We are searching for innovative and driven people to make a difference Join our team Follow us
Books of a Fether Calvinism and Free Will ©2009 \| free PDF Does God have a free will? Answering this question requires an understanding of how choice is exercised. God is self-existent, the First Cause. His nature is defined by certain characteristics, but they had no cause. God does indeed have a will which is subject to no other, but it cannot violate his nature, the essence of his being. So in one sense his will is free in that it is not affected by anything outside himself, yet in another it is not free in that it is limited by his character. God’s character determines the limitations of his will, or to put it another way, God’s will is accountable to his nature. So will and nature are two separate things. We can think of nature as a kind of fence around the will, a limiting factor that nonetheless allows autonomy within its parameters. But God’s will is not caused by his nature. God willed to create the universe, but his nature did not compel or force him to do so. There is nothing in God’s character that forced him to act. But if every choice must have a cause (otherwise choice would be impossible), then what caused God to create the universe? There must be two types of causation: event and agent. Event causation would be where one event causes another, and agent causation would be primary– in the nature of the agent. In other words, there is no event required to cause a primary choice– an act of will. God acts independently from, but limited by, his nature. He is an agent, a sentient being, a primary cause.
Path constraints Path constraints are not available in Spine Essential. A path constraint adjusts bone transforms using a path. Bones can be translated along the path and have their rotation adjusted to point along the path. Path constraints can replace translation keys, allowing movement to be defined more easily by using a path. Many other uses involve constraining multiple bones to a path, then controlling the bones by manipulating the path rather than adjusting each bone individually. For example, bones can be spaced evenly along a path or can be scaled up, causing them to appear to grow along the path. See the path constraint demo, example projects, and tips for usage examples. To create a path constraint, select the bones to be constrained, then click New... Path Constraint in the tree properties. Next, choose a slot in the tree or an existing path in the tree or viewport. The path constraint does not actually target a path, instead it targets a slot. The path constraint will use the path visible for that slot, if any. This provides extra flexibility because a single path constraint can work with multiple paths. This shows the constrained bones. When one bone is constrained, clicking the bones selects it. When multiple bones are constrained, they are shown in a select box. The order the bones appear along the path can be modified by opening the select box and dragging the bones up or down. Opening the select box and clicking a bone will select that bone. Right clicking a bone name without opening the select box will select that bone. Different bones can be chosen by clicking the pencil icon. This clears all the constrained bones and allows new bones to be chosen. The order the bones are chosen determines the order they will appear along the path. This property shows the target slot. If the slot has a path visible, it is also shown. Clicking either selects the slot or path. A different slot can be chosen by clicking the pencil icon, then choosing a slot or path. Length or Proportional are useful when different spacing is needed between each bone. Spacing controls how the bones after the first bone are positioned along the path. • Length places each bone using the length of the previous bone. The spacing value is added to the length of each bone. • Fixed places the bones spaced equally using a fixed distance. • Percent places the bones spaced equally using a percentage of the total path length. • Proportional places the bones spaced to take up the entire path when the spacing value is 100. Each bone's length determines the proportion of the total path length used for spacing. The spacing slider adjusts the spacing value. The spacing value can be keyed. Position controls where along the path the bones are positioned. • Fixed places the bones at a fixed distance along the path. • Percent places the bones at a distance along the path equal to a percentage of the total path length. The position slider adjusts the position value. The position value can be keyed. If the path is not closed, when the position is before the start (negative) or past the end of the path, the position is determined using a straight line in the direction the start or end of the path is pointing. This is shown as dashed lines when the path is selected. Position handle The position handle won't be selected if ctrl (cmd on Mac) is held. This can help to select a knot or handle under the position handle. The position handle appears on the path in the viewport when the path is selected. Dragging the position handle changes the position value and can be more convenient than using the position slider. Rotate Offset The rotate offset is added to the rotation computed by the rotate mix. This is provided for convenience, so bones can point in a different direction without needing to use an extra bone to do so. Rotate Mix The rotate mix controls how the bones are rotated, translated, and scaled to match the path. • Tangent rotates the bone to point in the direction of the path at the bone's position. This means when the path bends, the tip of the bone likely won't be on the path and the bone won't point at the next bone. • Chain first translates the bone to be at the tip of the previous bone, then rotates the bone so it points at the next position along the path, determined by spacing. When the rotation offset is not zero, the translation is not applied. When the path bends sharply, the previous bone tip may not be on the path (see image below). Chain is useful when the bones represent something rigid, such as tank treads. • Chain Scale first rotates the bone so it points at the next position along the path, determined by spacing, then it scales the bone so the tip is at that position. This ensures all bone positions and tips are on the path. Chain Scale is useful when the bones represent something flexible, such as a rope. When using Chain Scale, all of the bones should have the same parent. If they don't, a warning icon is shown and the scale applied by the path constraint may be incorrect. The rotate mix slider adjusts the rotate mix, see constraint mix. The rotate mix can be keyed. When the rotate mix is greater than 0 and less than 100, moving the target bone may cause the rotation to suddenly use the other direction. This occurs because interpolation between the bone's rotation and the constraint's rotation uses the shortest rotation direction. Often the rotate mix is used only briefly to transition to or from 0 and 100. Translate Mix The translate mix controls how much the contraint affects the bones' translation, see constraint mix. The translate mix can be keyed. When Link sliders is checked, the rotate and translate mix sliders will move together. The color of the position handle and the path constraint's tree icon uses the color of the first constrained bone. Next: Transform constraints Previous: IK constraints
Here’s What People Are Stating Concerning Investment. Investment describes the act of creating worth by developing something. To buy a property is to put money into an investment with the hope of a return/profit in the future. Put simply, to spend simply suggests buying a possession or an entity with the objective of making a profit from the financial investment, either an immediate gain in the value of that asset or a rise because asset over some amount of time. There are many kinds of financial investment, though they all have something in common – money invested, or earnings. One type of financial investment that is not really identified as realty investing yet is rather a part of it, is what is called the bond and also stock market investing. Bond investing resembles mutual funds in that you purchase low and sell high, hence generating revenue by way of resources gains on the difference between the cost you paid and the cost you offered. You make this income not by obtaining a check, but by dividends from the sale of bonds and other safeties. You do not require to literally hold the protection or issue the stock. The safety and security is acquired and kept in your name until you decide to market, when you can after that obtain your initial returns. gainesville coins review Stocks and also bonds are common financial investments that generate potential returns that are connected to the performance of an offered firm. The two differ in just how they are traded. For instance, when an investor acquires a stock, they have a tiny part of a company, while when an investor acquires a bond, they possess a bond. Because of this, when a business does poorly or chokes up, so does the supply. A financial investment is said to be an induced investment when it is made based upon the anticipated efficiency of the underlying property. For example, if I am a retail merchant in Chicago, I will open up an account with a cooperative credit union and purchase stock from them at a specific price. I will utilize this information to determine the quantity of my margins. This type of financial investment is called a margin financing since I have a first expense of money to utilize as capital. A set rate car loan is a financial investment that generates a fixed rate of interest. These kinds of financings are frequently provided to people that have a certain timespan in mind for their investment. In order to qualify for such a lending, a capitalist should assure a rate of interest that stays fixed during the term of the funding. A company providing such a car loan is normally seeking to secure the repayment of future settlements versus an asset that will ensure an income stream throughout the period the finance is in force. In order to be able to evaluate the financial investment atmosphere of any kind of market, it is needed to be knowledgeable concerning the stocks and bonds that make up that market. Knowing which business are solid and which are dropping is one of the most crucial piece of the general problem. An experienced professional can access the marketplaces as well as recognize those stocks and also bonds that match his profile. The appeal of being able to recognize solid stocks and also bonds is that the entire procedure can be automated. Because of this, instead of having to invest hours surfing the internet, you can spend your time as well as have the results in mins. lear capital review One more way to evaluate the investment setting is via indexing. Indexing gives capitalists with a way of recognizing solid financial investments while likewise finding excellent strong investments with relatively low danger. By picking the right funds and also indexing software program, you will have the ability to discover outstanding long as well as short-term financial investments. In addition to buying stocks as well as bonds, you can additionally buy various other financial investment automobiles. There are lots of on the internet investment websites where you can go to discover the excellent fund to fit your portfolio. In addition to stock as well as bond index funds, you can also buy property, commodity financial investments, money market funds, as well as more. Regardless of what kind of financial investments you pick, make certain to do your research study to make sure that you can discover the outright best investment car for your requirements. Another choice bonds. Like stocks, bonds are valued relying on the overview of the company. Bond rates of interest play an important duty in figuring out the quantity of return you can anticipate over an offered period. Nevertheless, the drawback of bond financial investment is that they are more prone to inflation as compared to various other kinds of investments. For this reason, individuals who intend to generate higher revenue have a tendency to focus extra on equities. The following action after understanding what financial investment to choose is to identify the type of investment. Depending upon your requirement, you can select usual or participating preferred stock as well as bond funds respectively. Also, if you are investing for individual objective after that you can choose bonds, mutual funds, stocks and so on. These investment alternatives have varying methods of spending and making revenue. Some generate income much faster than the various other, some give a higher price of return than the other et cetera spend making use of a mix of all these methods. As soon as you have the ability to identify the type of financial investment you want to embrace, the next step entails identifying the appropriate venue for your financial investment profile. This consists of the security, the amount of risk per unit spent and the quantity of returns expected per annum. There are lots of ways of spending and it depends on your comfort level with particular techniques. Nevertheless, it is constantly a good idea to choose those that are most preferred by other capitalists. As an example, if most individuals prefer to buy equities, after that it would certainly be an excellent suggestion to own bonds or a few other type of safeties. apmex reviews Among the primary reasons why lots of people are drawn in to bonds as well as various other types of securities is that they give a fairly high return after a duration of years. Therefore, capitalists frequently select buying equities when they are not prepared to take the chance of losing their first resources. The investment situation and returns can vary from year to year as well as for this reason the demand to diversify the profile. By maintaining all of these consider mind, you will have the ability to choose an investment lorry that fulfills your demands as well as thus generate revenue over a long-term period. Leave a Reply
Why Does Price Change Occur? Instead of creating liquidity, by definition of CME Group, a market maker earns the spread (Chapter 1.3), but earning the bid-ask spread is only possible with the same volume of ask and bid transactions at a constant price; the limitation of the specified length of futures trading time adds the condition that half of the transactions at ask/bid price should be the opening of new positions and the other half should be the closing of the previously opened positions. Continuously providing liquidity, the market maker cannot achieve such a ratio. Therefore, market maker scales the principle of earning the spread from a constant price to a trading range, and guided by open positions, their potential take-profits and stop-losses, the market maker accumulates open positions at the same price range, and locks the prevailing open positions (by shifting the price in the direction opposite to the range and quoting the price within market maker’ break-even zone) when there is an imbalance or loss of interest of market participants in current prices, thus insuring against losses in the event of simultaneous closing of open positions. This principle of price change is the basis for futures with a market maker. LRA allows to determine the locked-in ranges and the future price changes that are profitable and permissible for the market maker. Price manipulation that lead to market participants’ closing positions at stop-losses and not reaching their take-profits represents a conflict of interest, but market makers are forced to quote prices against most open positions to profit, and the losses of most are only their survival tool. The market maker always has a planned price trend, based on the current imbalance, but just like other participants, market makers constantly find themselves in a situation of uncertainty in the market; they do not know where will the price go in a minute, hour, day, week, month, or year, as it is decided here and now and depends on the volume of new open positions and the closing of existing ones. You will never know when and where a trend in the market will appear, even using the most objective information about the current situation. Open interest, the levels of stop-losses and take-profits are nothing compared to such factor as market sentiment (the mood of market participants regarding future price changes expressed through open positions), since none of this creates a trend, but only a single movement/wave from accumulation up to the point of distribution and nothing more. Whereas the trend is created only by the market sentiment, as it can only occur in two ways: either the weak side (prevailing open positions) will maintain the original unprofitable positions for as long as possible (even up to a total collapse or margin call), or the weak side will take small losses each time, but the same direction as before will re-enter new positions. If the weak side execute stop-losses and reverse positions in the right direction (of the trend), or ceases to believe in the continuation of the movement and remains outside the market observing the development of the situation, the trend will not be continued. About the Author Leave a Reply You may also like these
Application of Nano Diamond Powder wallpapers Industry 2020-09-10 As a complete bandgap material, diamond has excellent secondary electron emission performance, which is due to its low electron affinity and considerable secondary electron escape depth. However, because natural and high-temperature and high-pressure synthetic diamonds are dispersed powder or granular, they cannot be used directly as cold emission cathodes for a long time. Until the mid-1990s, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond film, a new type of synthetic diamond material, All aspects of performance indicators can reach or approach the level of natural, high-quality single crystals. A diamond can be applied to secondary electron emission cathodes in the form of film materials. However, diamonds for secondary electron emission prepared by existing methods The secondary emission coefficient and attenuation characteristics of the film are both poor. The thermal conductivity of nano diamond powder is as high as 1900~2000W/(m·K), which is currently the best thermal conductivity material. The use of diamond powder with higher thermal conductivity is used in the manufacture of thermally conductive composite materials, and diamond powder is used to prepare high thermally conductive composite materials to overcome the mutual restriction of thermal conductivity and impact toughness of existing products. Therefore, it can effectively prevent the workpiece from cracking under the premise of improving the thermal conductivity, to significantly improve the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive composite material, improve the heat dissipation of the workpiece, and reduce the temperature rise of the workpiece, thereby increasing the operating life of the workpiece and reducing the operating cost.
Tuesday, September 23, 2008 English Language: Raising a Bilingual or Multilingual Child For those of you who don't know, my husband is Danish, so of course we speak both English and Danish to our 3 month old daughter and have plans to raise her as a full bilingual. It surprises me how often I get questions and comments about our choice to do so. Just last weekend after a Danish friend heard me speaking English to my daughter she shockingly said, "You speak English to her?! Isn't she going to be confused?" Another Chinese friend once told me that my daughter won't be able to speak "for years" because it "takes longer" when children learn more than one language at once. Even my husband has fears that our daughter will end up speaking Danish with an accent since she doesn't hear it as much as English. Even though there are these (and other) fears, the truth remains that our children are growing up in an increasingly global world. More and more parents are trying to teach their children multiple languages from a young age hoping that it will benefit them in the long term. So what do the linguists say? First of all it's important to understand how children learn language. When we are born we have an innate capability for speech. Barring a specific speech impediment or physical disability we have the capability to produce every sound in every language perfectly. Over time a process called "perceptual narrowing" occurs where we begin to figure out which sounds we need for our own language(s) and we focus on those sounds and ignore any other sounds. This is why language input is important from a young age. My husband's fear of our daughter developing an American English accent on her Danish is unwarranted because first of all, I don't speak Danish to her (more on that later) and secondly, my husband spends every moment he can speaking, reading and singing Danish to her. I also try to supplement that with Danish music CDs and videos in the background so she hears the sounds. When I was learning about first language acquisition during my time at university, the one-parent, one-language system was still widely recommended. What this means is that each parent should only speak one language to the child (ie: I speak English, my husband speaks Danish) so that the child doesn't get confused. More recent studies suggest that children actually don't get confused and when they switch between two languages or use two languages simultaneously (this is called code switching) it is a sign of mastery of the languages. Personally, I still feel that the one-parent, one-language system is the best way to go. This is purely based on my own experience with language. I personally find it confusing and feel that my language skills are diminished when my husband and I switch back and forth between languages. I feel that it's harder to master a language if you allow yourself to "fill in the blanks" with another language. Code switching is actually a much more involved process than "filling in the blanks" and has many nuances, but we won't discuss this here. I also choose to only speak English to my daughter because it feels more natural speaking my native language to my child. No matter how fluent you become in a foreign language, I truly believe that you will never be able to express yourself in exactly the same way as your native tongue permits. Many parents are scared to introduce multiple languages because they fear it will "take longer" for a bilingual child to start speaking or that there could be "language delays" in the child's speech. There are no linguistic studies that support this argument, and that's that! So what can you do if you want your child to grow up bilingual or multilingual? Here are a few ideas: 1. Make sure that your child has live interaction with language speakers. Videos and music can be supplemented but will not be as effective as a real person. 2. Read to your child 3. Talk about many different subjects in many situations in order to build a larger vocabulary. 4. However you choose to introduce two languages (one-parent, one-language or speaking the minority language at home) be consistent. 5. Gently guide your children in the two languages. Don't be harsh or demeaning when they make mistakes (and they will). You want them to develop a love of languages, not be scared to speak them. 6. Remember that learning languages is hard. We always say that children learn languages easily, but remember, they usually can't carry on meaningful conversations with strangers until they are around 5 years old! Adults can actually master languages much more quickly! Give your children the time they need to be comfortable with language. Once you make the decision to raise your children bilingually, stick to it! A language is the greatest gift you can give another person. You can open new doors and opportunities for your children that might not have been there could they not speak additional language. I'm sure that, one day, my daughter will thank me - in Danish and English. 1 comment: 1. I am also an American with a Danish husband practicing "OPOL" (one person one language). My 5.5yr old son is fluent in English and almost as much in Danish. We moved to Panama when he was 20 months and we took on a Spanish speaking housekeeper. At first, it did concern us that Niclas was slow to speak more than a few words (mama, dada) and even more garbled Danish. We put him in a Spanish speaking daycare at 2.5 yrs old. What was looking to be a major concern turned into an absolutely amazing result. Niclas could "flip" in and out of Danish, English and Spanish so rapidly it was astonishing. PLUS, he picked up the Spanish accent from the school and the Danish (Fynsk) accent from my husband. His Spanish exceeded mine in just over a year and at 5 yrs old, became the translator between myself, my Danish speaking in-laws, and our housekeeper. Now, my 2nd son who was born in Panama and raised from birth in a tri-lingual environment, is still not speaking more than a few words (mama, dada) and will be 3 in May. I am a bit concerned about the delay, but he is not yet in school (we're now in India so Hindi would be introduced). While he's as smart as a whip (will program your dvd player and can manuver our computer already) the delay in speech has bothered me. His milestones (crawling, walking) came months after my oldest son so we're hoping this pattern also applies to his late talking. Whatever it is, we're still thrilled he can at least understand the 2 languages. Good thing our housekeeper in India speaks English or it'd be even more confusing for the little guy!
Skip to Main Content Interest in extraordinary athletic achievement fuels the modern-day science of performance enhancement in sports. The desire to improve athletic performance in a scientific manner is a relatively recent development. At one time, the focus on maximizing human physical and mental potential centered on the importance of manual work and military service. The role of sport was inconsequential, except for its potential in improving military preparedness.95 Today, “sports doping” refers to the use of a prohibited xenobiotic to enhance athletic performance. The word doping comes from the Dutch word doop, a viscous opium juice used by the ancient Greeks.32,128 Controversy surrounding the systematic use of performance enhancing xenobiotics by the participating athletes has marred many sporting events. Since the International Olympic Committee (IOC) began testing during the 1968 Olympic games, prominent athletes have been sanctioned and stripped of their Olympic medals because they tested positive for banned xenobiotics. However, from a public health perspective, the use of performance-enhancing xenobiotics among athletes of all ages and abilities is a far more serious concern than the highly publicized cases involving world-class athletes. The majority of studies on the epidemiology of performance enhancing xenobiotics have investigated androgenic anabolic steroid use. Androgenic means masculinizing, and anabolic means tissue building. An anabolic process stimulates protein synthesis, promotes nitrogen deposition in lean body mass, and decreases protein breakdown. Studies of high school students document that 6.6% of male seniors have used anabolic steroids, and 35% of these individuals were not involved in organized athletics.35 Others find rates of androgenic steroid use begins at age 10 years old and ranges from 3% to 19% of all adolescents.102,114,156,174,229 Performance enhancers are classified in several ways. Some categorize performance enhancers according to the expected effects. For example, some xenobiotics increase muscle mass; others decrease recovery time, increase energy, or mask the presence of other xenobiotics. However, many xenobiotics frequently have several expected and unexpected effects. For example, diuretics are used to mask the presence of other xenobiotics by producing dilute urine, or they are used to reduce weight. Clenbuterol is an anabolic xenobiotic, but it also is a stimulant because of its β2-adrenergic agonist effects. Depending on the xenobiotic, it is used either during training to improve future performance or during competition to improve immediate results or for weight loss.32 According to the 2017 World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) World Anti-Doping Code, a xenobiotic or method constitutes doping and can be added to the Prohibited List if it is a masking xenobiotic or if it meets two of the following three criteria: it enhances performance, its use presents a risk to the athlete’s health, and it is contrary to the spirit of sport1 (Table 41–1). Some of the prohibited xenobiotics are used ... Pop-up div Successfully Displayed
The Fougère Project, part 6 (Feb 22, 2014) Christos MemoryOfScent said: @jtd The ability of humans to identify smells is amazing but your example also shoes that this is a lot more efficient when the smell is related to danger (disease). This was the primary function of smell, the most primeval of senses and the only one we share with the most primitive organisms. Of course we have the ability to identify intricate perfume notes but this is a lot more difficult than identifying cobalt blue. The reason for this is that we lack the means of sharing our olfactory experiences effectively. On a specific level smell is a read-only sense: we have means of sharing our visual, auditory and tactile stimuli (all vibrational senses) by reproducing the stimulus and sharing it with others. We can draw, point at, imitate sound and feel. Taste, the other chemical sense we have, is more part of our every-day life through the ritual of cooking. Not only we relate better to describing tastes but we also use ingredients and formulas (recipes) to replicate taste and share it with other. When it comes to smell, the sense that appeared first in the process of evolution we are crippled. We cannot point to it, we cannot recreate it and the stimuli we have are more complex. Unlike a painting or a photgraph which we can analyse and dissect, stop our sight at any point and focus, an olfactory stimulus comes as a bulk. All elements or ingredients hit the nerves at the same time and analysis is more of a mental process which we cannot share effectively with others. The color analogy is not identifying Pantone 2247-C but I think the right analogy for smell perception is seeing a color in nature and identifying the percentage of Pantone 2247-C in it. Ironically when it comes to describing, sharing and analysing our smell perception the only tool we have is language. So we rely on our most evolved of "senses" (if you can perceive as such) to explain the most primeval one. Perhaps new technologies like smell printers incorporated in our laptops may help in creating a common language for smell perception. Needless to say that trained perfumers do not have these limitations. It has taken them years of practice, a structured education and access to a huge repertory of ingredients to be able to refine and manipulate their olfactory experiences. The rest of us I think will have to live with the limitations and subjectivity of the language we use to describe smells. fougere misc 3/7/14 The New Man of the 1970s, or how Paco Rabanne pour Homme and Azzaro pour Homme maintained the psychic stability of society. The 1970s in the United States was one of the faster moving and more interesting eras in the history of gender. Some entrenched notions of masculinity, femininity and how they relied on each other had been shattered in World War II. Practicalities of wartime production and supply-chain necessities meant that women entered the workplace on a huge scale.. The American proletariat took on a face that wore lipstick, but managements and board room changed little. The realization that women were in capable of doing "man's work" exploded. When the war ended new understandings of gender were put away and the old breadwinner/housewife bit was re-instituted. Is it any wonder that that the simmering feminism of the 1970s actually had its direct antecedents in the regressive conservatism following World War II? Though the men had seen Paris, as the expression goes, the women had seen the future and had had it taken away from them. The 1950s, with its Disney-like surface and a deep well of dissatisfaction starting inches below, couldn't last. Women seem to have a better understanding of the disproportionality of this situation. Feminism landed on fertile ground. Men on the other hand tended to bury their heads in the sand, mistaking the privileges of their gender for something as basic as air or gravity. However it came about, by the early 70s, masculinity teetered on a tight rope. The men who had considered playboy magazine as pertinent as the New York Times or TIME Magazine were startled to find the perks of their gender slipping away. Masculine vanity took refuge in the fantasy of the singles bar, the swingers scene, and the leisure suits. And eventually, in the aromatic fougère. Given the cognitive dissonance of the man of the 1970s, thank God they had the fougère, even if only as a point of reference. Facetiousness aside, the fougère played an role in positively maintaining the self-esteem of the men of the time. There already were some fantastic, accessible choices for men, from the drugstore to the department store. I think particularly of Caron pour un Homme, Aramis by Aramis, Old Spice and Christian Dior Eau Sauvage. Despite the newness of Paco Rabanne pour Homme and Azzaro pour Homme, the middle-aged men of the 70s knew this style of fragrance from the 1950s and even the 1940s. They might not have known the names, but they were "barbershop" fragrances. Even as men were forsaking the barber for the stylist, the scent of the barbershop allowed Homo-Nuevo, this new species of man, to maintain a bridge between what they were taught about masculinity when they were young, and the dramatically different experience they had as adults. We can argue about the functions of fragrance, memory and meaning until the cows come home, and I probably will, but this olfactory nostalgia and the associations that we make with fragrances can be sources of strength. Where the 1970s suave guy marched forward with bluster and false bravado into a new world of gender, he could be comforted by the fougère, his tie to the masculinity he was implicitly promised as a boy. Here is the genius of Paco Rabanne pour Homme. It's thoroughly a fougère, barbershop sensibility and all, yet it's also new. The recognizability of this fragrance was just enough to soothe and reassure, yet the same time it had a novel and contemporary tone. This wasn't your father’s fragrance. The elements that distinguish it from older barbershop fragrances scents were exquisitely calculated for the time. Evergreen notes suggests the outdoors. The Colorado Rocky Mountain High, and the appearance of outdoorsiness was important to the new liberated 1970s man. Herbalism, from cheap shampoo to Clinique Aromatics Elixir to Earth-Mother cultural feminism, was a topic of the liberated women of the 1970s. Paco Pour Homme provided an entrée into the new discussion of gender for the 70s man. Paco Rabanne pour Homme, intentionally or by happy accident, intertwined with socio-gender flux as much as Caron Tabac Blond did in the 1920s and Aromatics Elixir did in the 1970s. Paco Rabanne pour Homme was generally associated with straight men. But look closely at the ideal: rugged, out-doorsy, undeniably beautiful. Imagine Paco Rabanne pour Homme worn with 501 jeans, workboots and flannel shirts. Paco fit well with these components of the Castro/ West Village clone look and identity. It was an archetype of my people, the late 20th century queer men, who were unaware of the horror about to strike them. To this day, I find Paco Rabanne pour Homme bracing, beautiful and very specific. The current formulation is perhaps less than it used to be, but is still striking. There's very little else like it on the market. Of the many fougères of the 70s that provided an on-ramp to the men's power fragrances of the 80s, Paco Rabanne pour Homme is the one I would compare to any power frag, from Antaeus to Kouros (a fougère 'cousin') to Krizia per Uomo to Quorum. Any perfume used to bolster gender is as much a fantasy as it is a fragrance, but Paco Rabanne pour Homme was the fragrance for men who wanted to highlight their masculinity. It was affable, proportionate, and suggested a well intended interaction with the world. By comparison, Antaeus looks like something a would-be model poser might wear and Kouros implied that studied casualness of a haircare product that allows for just one perfect lick of hair out of place. And these two were the best of the power fragrances! Blog Comments No comments yet. Add your Comments Latest News
title:How To Choose A College author:Kelly Gillis date_saved:2007-07-25 12:30:09 Your child is ready. He’s kept up his grades and he has decided that he wants the benefit of a college education. It’s decision time. With over 4,000 public 4 year colleges in the country there are a lot of decisions and choices you will need to make. You can make your decision based on numerous factors, and their importance ranks differently for everyone. What is most important to you? Location? Academics? Sports Programs? Financial considerations? The first thing that needs to happen is that the student needs to look deeply inside himself/herself and ask “what do I want.” Everyone the student knows will have some sort of opinion or recommendation. These opinions can be helpful, but in the long run the student must make the decision. Every college is different and offers a different experience. Some students want a college with an artsy feel. For the best Maths Tutor In Ireland company, call Ace Solution Books. Others want a college with an emphasis placed on sports. Others prefer academics pure and simple and are looking for an academic challenge. Class size and campus size is a factor for some. Do you prefer a large university campus or a small intimate university setting? Some colleges are located in sleepy college towns, and some near bustling cities. Some students prefer to stay near home. The college location is another huge factor when choosing. Perhaps the student is looking forward to the excitement of a move out of the house and the independence associated with college and is choosing to study out of state. Is the student ready to share a dorm with a total stranger? It is a fact that 90% of college freshmen have never even shared a bedroom – something that can make the concept of “sharing space” and compromise more difficult. Finances also come into play when decisions are made about college. Most states award their residents with substantial savings if they attend in state colleges. The cost of an out of state college education rapidly escalates when room and board expenses are added. The student and parents must also consider food and transportation costs for out of state education. Please don’t forget when choosing any college that there are billions of dollars a year available in scholarships, grants and other forms of financial aid available to the parents and to the student to help offset college expenses. You may also like
6 Chicken Breeds That Lay Pink Eggs (with Pictures) Easter Sunday is not the only time you can get to see colorful eggs. As a matter of fact, there are chickens out there who lay colored eggs the natural way. One of the most fascinating ones among them is the chickens that lay pink eggs. How Do Chickens Lay Pink Eggs? When hens reach the age of 18 months, they generally start laying eggs. And they will continue to do so until they become very mature. When they reach a certain age, some hens can no longer produce eggs. Whenever people think of eggs, not many know the existence of colored ones. We mostly think of white ones that we see at the supermarkets or in groceries. So how do some chickens lay pink eggs exactly? Eggs Turning Pink chickens that lays pink eggs When a chicken produces an egg, it takes over a day for that to happen. For the egg’s shell to fully form, it would take about 80% of that time. At the start of the process, the egg’s color is white. However, pigments are secreted from the uterus of the hen. The pigment, referred to as protoporphyrins, is the one responsible for the egg’s color. The pigment that tints pink eggs leaves a pale brown or cream pink color. Six Chicken Breeds That Lay Pink Eggs Now that you have figured out how chickens can lay pink eggs, it’s time to look into the different breeds that produce these kinds of eggs. There are a couple of them, so sit back and relax and discover the X chickens that can give you those pink eggs! 1. Salmon Faverolles Salmon Faverolles This chicken breed hails from France. Its name comes from a village found in Aisne. If you take a look at its genetic make-up, the following breeds make up the Faverolles: • Brahma • Dorking • Flemish Cuckoo • French Rennes • Roudan • Malines The poultry farmers in France wanted a dual-purpose bird. And this is what they got with the Faverolles. This breed was able to produce a good amount of both meat and eggs. One of the varieties that became popular, especially in the United States, was the Salmon Faverolles. This kind got its name from the pinkish tinge that you can find on its body. The male Salmon Faverolles usually weigh about 8 lbs. The female ones, on the other hand, have an average weight of about 6.5 lbs. The appearances between the rooster and hen of this breed are pretty different. The hens have a five-point red single comb. Most of them have small wattles. Some hens do not have wattles at all. The hens’ bodies are broad, making their breast and back parts look wide. Their feet have five toes and some feathers. Their feathers usually fall between light honey to light brown. It gives them that salmon coloring that they have. The Salmon Faverolles roosters do not have the salmon brown color that most hens have. They have feathers on their belly, beard, and tail. Salmon Faverolles can live between 5 to 7 years. They can lay eggs 3 to 4 times a week. If you have a couple of Salmon Faverolles in your poultry or flock, expect to see those pink eggs that they are known for. Apart from being great providers of meat and eggs, Salmon Faverolles are also great to be around. They are friendly, docile, and cute. They also have great personalities and they don’t mind being around people. 2. Croad Langshan Croad Langshan The Croad Langshan is perhaps one of the most ancient breeds around. You can trace the origin of this particular breed to China. In the Chinese language, Langshan meant “Wolf Hill. It’s a picturesque spot that you can find in the Eastern part of China. This breed of Eastern origin found its way to the West through Major F. T. Croad. From China, Major Major F. T. Croad brought the Langshan chickens to England in the 1870s. Before the end of the 1870s, the Croad Langshan was introduced in the United States and it became quite popular. One of the most distinct features that the Croad Langshan has is its height. This type of chicken falls in the tall and big category. Their legs are quite long, with some feathering here and there. They have high tail feathers, sometimes nearly as tall as their head. They usually come in either black, white, or blue colors. pink eggs The male Croad Langshan is around 9.5 lbs while its female counterpart is around 7.5 lbs. There are also bantam varieties of this breed and the roosters and hens weigh around 36 oz and 32 oz respectively. The Croad Langshan is a dual-purpose breed. It can give you good quality white meat and a lot of eggs. The hens produce about 150 eggs per year. And as with most hens, their egg production declines after a couple of years. When you see some of the eggs the hens produce, you would probably be delighted. They produce brown eggs that have tints of pink and other colors. 3. Barred Rock Barred Rock If you are looking for a chicken breed that works hard and lays pink eggs, then look no further! You need to get yourself a Barred Rock chicken. One of the famous chickens to grace backyards and flocks, the Barred Rock is a very productive variety. They can give you both meat and eggs! If you are tracking down the origins of the Barred Rock, you would know that it’s a product of various Plymouth Rock Chicken varieties. People were aware of the existence of the Barred Rock around the 1800s, making it one of the oldest known breeds in the United States. Due to some circumstances, it somehow disappeared from the limelight. However, before 1870 ended, the reemergence of the Barred Rock chicken happened in Massachusetts. There are a lot of noticeable differences between a Barred Rock rooster and a hen. The male Barred Rock has a prominent and large comb, and its hind features long, short, and curvy feathers. The female one, on the other hand, has a less noticeable comb. And its white feathers have wider bars. Apart from the distinctive physical attributes, the Barred Rock roosters also crow, especially at the crack of dawn. While crowing usually happens when they reach their sexual maturity, sometimes it happens earlier than that. As the Barred Rock chickens are known as a high-yielding breed, the hens can produce about four eggs a week. On average, they can lay about 200-220 eggs annually. Apart from the quantity, the eggs that come from the hens have brown and pink colors. In the first three years, expect an abundance of eggs but this would wane as soon as the hen ages. 4. Light Sussex Light Sussex If you are wondering what other ancient chicken breeds are out there, do not rule out the Light Sussex. This breed has been around since the Roman invasion of what is now England. It has gone through some sort of evolution – from being a table bird to a dual-purpose breed. They are, perhaps, one of the most productive chicken breeds that you can find out there. The bodies of Light Sussex chickens are white. You can see hints of black on its tail and wingtips. There are also black feathers around its neck, giving it an attractive appearance. The male Light Sussex weighs around 9 lbs. The female one is about 7 lbs. The Light Sussex also has bantam varieties, with the rooster weighing around 3.3 lbs and the hens are about 2.4 lbs. If you are in the process of setting up a coop or flock, the Light Sussex chickens are perfect for newbies. They are friendly and calm. They are comfortable in both open and confined spaces. If you let them out in the open, they are good foragers. A Light Sussex hen can give you an average of 220-240 eggs per year. There are some hens who can actually give you more than that! The Light Sussex hens have large eggs. These eggs are either cream, light brown, or pink. Imagine getting over 200 pink-colored eggs a year from a single Light Sussex hen. These eggs are not only big in size but they look beautiful as well. 5. Mottled Javas Mottled Javas If you are keen to find out if there are other ancient chicken breeds from the Far East, then you should look into the Java Chicken. But what makes this breed even more interesting is that it is said to be the second oldest chicken breed in the United States. While Java might be far from the US, this chicken breed has certainly come a long way! The Java Chicken has been around in the United States from the mid- 1830s to the late 1850s. It comes in four varieties – Auburn, Black, Mottled, and White. The American Poultry Association Standard of Perfection only recognizes the White and Mottled varieties. They are large birds that have impressive plumage. They usually have small to medium wattles. Given that there are four kinds, how would you differentiate one from the other? When it comes to the Mottled Java chickens, you should look into their eyes. Their eyes have a strong red color. If you take a look at their shanks and toes, they have some yellow markings there. Apart from its status, the Mottled Java chicken also has something special. They can produce large pinkish-brown eggs. They can lay about 3 to 4 eggs a week or around 150 to 180 eggs per year. They do not have problems laying eggs even in the wintertime. They love brooding, often sitting on their nests if they have to. Mottled Java chickens can do well in open spaces. If you let them be, they can forage for themselves. If there are any threats against them, they can manage to defend themselves. Despite their large size, they can actually run fast and scare off some predators. 6. Buff Orpington Buff Orpington In the late 1880s, a man from England, William Cook, got into breeding chickens. He thought of breeding a chicken that would serve two purposes. He wanted a chicken that would make a great table chicken and a good egg producer. William Cook was able to do just that. He managed to breed the Orpington chicken, named after the town in Kent, England. The English were first introduced to the Black Orpington chicken. However, it was the launching of the Buff variation of the Orpington chicken that catapulted William Cook to fame. The Buff Orpington became a public favorite, and it was one of the most popular chicken breeds then. Within a decade after its introduction, the Buff Orpington was being sent to other countries. Despite its popularity in the past, the Buff Orpington was considered endangered. However, its status changed around 2016 after chicken breeders worked on conserving and breeding it. The Buff Orpington is a large bird that has some loose feathers. Their bodies are broad and heavy. They also have a low stance and a curvy shape. Their fluffed-out feathers make them appear bigger than other breeds. They usually have small heads that have a medium-sized single comb. The roosters are larger, weighing between 7.9 lbs to 10 lbs. The hens are around 5.9 lbs to 7.9 lbs. If you are keeping Buff Orpington chickens for meat production, they are ready at around 22 weeks. If you are raising them for egg production, expect to get an average of 200 to 280 large brownish to pinkish eggs. There are some that might only give you about 180 eggs a year. With their calm, obedient, and non-aggressive personality, the Buff Orpington is an amazing addition to your flock. They are easy to take care of and handle, even for those who are just starting. They produce tasty meat and large eggs, making them dynamic members of your coop. Try Pink Chicken Eggs Now! If you want something different, tasty, and nutritious, perhaps you should opt to check out the different chickens that lay pink eggs! Given that various breeds lay eggs with pretty pink tints, there are certainly several kinds for you to choose from. chickens that lay pink eggs Leave a Comment
Ways To Lower Radiation Exposure in Your Veterinary Practice Ways To Lower Radiation Exposure in Your Veterinary Practice Though X-ray technology constantly saves both human and animal lives, continued exposure to radioactive waves could cause bodily damage. To limit exposure, veterinarians and their technicians should adopt the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle, which encourages a limited amount of time spent with X-ray devices, a safe distance away from the machines when possible, and the daily use of shielding equipment. Read on to learn more about the ways to lower radiation exposure in your veterinary practice. Who Is at Risk? Veterinary technicians routinely obtain radiographs, and the cumulative effects of that exposure could be a serious problem. But no one knows for certain how much radiation exposure a person can handle before they experience massive amounts of irreparable cellular damage. There is some well-documented evidence, however, that female veterinary staff experience genetic damage to their reproductive cells that could cause birth defects. Keeping with the ALARA principle, one of the best ways to lower radiation exposure in your veterinary practice is to minimize the amount of time spent around radioactive materials. Technicians should work with their equipment as quickly as possible and avoid retakes if they have the option. It can be difficult for technicians to keep their distance when operating X-ray machinery. Very often, technicians must hold down the animal throughout the test so they can get a high-quality X-ray. However, there are ways around this problem. Technicians can sedate the animal and then hold them down with sandbags or non-human restraints. This would allow the technician to keep the patient in place while keeping his or her distance. Thankfully, there are products available to help technicians protect themselves against radiation. Absorbent materials like lead aprons, thyroid shields, and gloves provide a barrier to capture X-rays. Using these products, a careful technician can feel safer while working with their patients. ExamVue Digital X-ray wants nothing more than to see our products being used safely for the betterment of animals. If you are in the market for new X-ray equipment, consider our flat panel X-ray detector, a fine addition to any practice. ExamVue has team members standing by to answer your imaging questions and provide you with a quote for any of our great products. By submitting this form, you are consenting to receive marketing emails from: ExamVue Digital X-Ray, 3555 Veterans Memorial Hwy, Ronkonkoma, NY, 11779, https://www.examvuedigitalxray.com/. You can revoke your consent to receive emails at any time by using the SafeUnsubscribe® link, found at the bottom of every email. Emails are serviced by Constant Contact
Skip to main content « Back Tips to Help Set and Achieve Goals Aug 20, 2020 People become effective goal-setters when they understand and develop five action-oriented behaviors and incorporate these actions with each goal set. 1. Put goals in writing. Goals that are written are concrete and motivational. Making progress toward written goals increases feelings of success and well-being. Using a goal-setting template can help children track their successes. A goal-setting smartphone app may motivate tech-savvy children even more. Some apps have gaming features that make goal-setting a fun way to achieve results and build new habits. 2. Self-commit. For a goal to be motivating, it must give meaning to a mental or physical action to which one feels committed. This self-commitment becomes a key element in self-regulation, the ability to monitor, control, and alter one's own behaviors. This doesn’t mean that others should not be involved in goal-setting. In fact, it's great to have other there as goal facilitators—helping see options, asking questions, and providing supportive feedback. 3. Be specific. Goals must be much more specific than just the outcome. Here’s a simple formula. 1) I will [lose 20 pounds]; 2) By doing what? [exercising 3 times a week and cutting out sweets]; 3) When? How? With Whom?; 4) Measured by [pounds]. 4. Stretch for difficulty. Goals should always be challenging enough to be attainable, but not so challenging that they become sources of major setbacks. 5. Seek feedback and support. Part of the fun and motivation of setting goals is working with a supportive environment. Even though goals are often individual in nature, you should be able to recognize how a goal is tied to family values, the aspirations of a sports team, or the aim of a specific program. When you understand this connection, you feel more open to seeking feedback and receiving support. When goals are achieved, it’s time to celebrate with others!
Pages of Book If you or your child are experiencing difficulties with reading (dyslexia) or writing, we can help! Once an assessment has been conducted, your Speech Language Pathologist will identify the sub-areas of reading and/or writing that are difficult (i.e. decoding, fluency, organization of thoughts, punctuation, reading comprehension, etc.). Based on this assessment, your Speech Language Pathologist will create an effective and personalized treatment plan that works towards developing stronger reading and writing skills to begin using and understanding language with ease. An Occupational Therapist can also help with letter formation if required. What to expect during your visit: An assessment will include analyzing the client’s ability to recognize and make rhymes, identify the sounds in words and manipulate them, knowledge of letter-sound relationships, blending letters to sound out words (decoding), sight-word reading level, and fluency. A further analysis can also look into writing, including letter formation, punctuation, spacing, capitals, and reading comprehension. An assessment session takes 2 sessions. Therapy is typically recommended twice a week, with homework practice provided. However, the Speech Language Pathologist (SLP) will work with the client’s availability to help them however they can. To further assist those experience dyslexia, the SLP will use evidence-based strategies such as explicit instruction of sounds and rules, repetition and practice, oral and written practice, tactile and sensory cues, and emotional motivation and support. Are you interested in booking our services?
astrophysics (75)biophysics (18)chemistry (19)electric field (65)electric current (68)gravitational field (72)hydromechanics (133)nuclear physics (36)oscillations (48)quantum physics (25)magnetic field (35)mathematics (81)mechanics of a point mass (254)gas mechanics (79)mechanics of rigid bodies (197)molecular physics (61)geometrical optics (71)wave optics (52)other (145)relativistic physics (35)statistical physics (20)thermodynamics (130)wave mechanics (46) 2. Series 35. Year - 3. model of friction What would be the coefficient of static friction between the body and the surface if we considered a model in which there were wedges with a vertex angle $\alpha $ and a height $d$ on the surface of both bodies? Try to compare your results with real coefficients of friction. 4. Series 34. Year - S. Oscillations of carbon dioxide We will model the oscillations in the molecule of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a linear molecule, where carbon is placed in between the two oxygen atoms, with all three atoms lying on the same line. We will only consider oscillations along this line. Assume that the small displacements can be modelled by two springs, both with the spring constant $k$, each connecting the carbon atom to one of the oxygen atoms. Let mass of the carbon atom be $M$, and mass of the oxygen atom $m$. Construct the set of equations describing the forces acting on the atoms for small displacements along the axis of the molecule. The molecule is symmetric under the exchange of certain atoms. Express this symmetry as a matrix acting on a vector of displacements, which you also need to define. Furthermore, determine the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of this symmetry matrix. The symmetry of the molecule is not complete – explain which degrees of freedom are not taken into account in this symmetry. Continue by constructing a matrix equation describing the oscillations of the system. By introduction of the eigenvectors of the symmetry matrix, which are extended so that they include the degrees of freedom not constrained by the symmetry, determine the normal modes of the system. Determine frequency of these normal modes and sketch the directions of motion. What other modes could be present (still only consider motion along the axis of the molecule)? If there are any other modes you can think of, determine their frequency and direction. Štěpán was thinking about molecules 3. Series 34. Year - 5. smuggling in space Two spaceships move towards each other on a straight line. The initial distance between them is $d$. The first one moves with the velocity $v_1$, the second with the velocity $v_2$ (in the same reference frame). The first one can reach the maximal acceleration $a_1$, the second one $a_2$ (both regardless of the direction). Their crews want to exchange some „goods“. In order to do that, the spaceships need to meet – i. e. they must be at the same time at the same place and have the same speed. What is the minimal time for them to reach the meeting? Neglect the relativistic effects. Jáchym insolently stole Štěpán's original idea. 3. Series 33. Year - 4. ladybird on a rubber Ladybird moves with velocity $4 \mathrm{cm\cdot s^{-1}}$. When we place the ladybird onto a rubber, she comes through it in $10 \mathrm{s}$. What happens when the ladybird starts moving and we start prolonging the rubber the way that its length will be increasing with velocity $5 \mathrm{cm\cdot s^{-1}}$? Is the ladybird able to come through the whole rubber to its end? If yes, how long will it take? Consider that the rubber prolongs uniformly and never breaks. Matej was watching Vsauce. 2. Series 33. Year - S. 6. Series 31. Year - S. Matrices and populations 1. Simulate the dynamics of a predator-prey system using Lotka–Volterra equations \[\begin{align} \frac{\d x}{\d t} &= r\_x x - D\_x xy ,\\ \frac{\d y}{\d t} &= r\_y xy - D\_y y . \end {align}\] where $x$ and $y$ are the population sizes of prey and predator respectively, the parameters $r\_x$ and $r\_y$ represent the populations’ growth and the parameters $D\_x$ and $D\_y$ represent the shrinking of the populations. Set the parameters to be $r\_x = 0{.}8$, $D\_x0= 1{.}0$, $r\_y = 0{.}75$, $D\_y = 1{.}5$. Run the simulations for several different value pairs for initial population sizes $x = 0{.}5$ and $y = 2{.}0$; $x = 1{.}5$ and $y = 0{.}5$; $x = 1{.}95$ and $y = 0{.}75$. Plot the predator population size as a function of the prey population size. Discuss the results. Bonus: Find the solutions for the same situations analytically (by integrating the differential equations). 2. Using the competitive Lotka–Volterra equations \[\begin{align} \frac{\d x}{\d t} = r\_x x $1 - \(\frac {x + I\_{xy} y}{k\_x}$\) , \frac{\d y}{\d t} = r\_y y $1 - \(\frac {y + I\_{yx} x}{k\_y}$\) . \end {align}\] simulate the dynamics of two competing populations (e.g. hawks and eagles) for the following values of parameters: $r\_h = 0{.}8$, $I\_{he} = 0{.}2$, $k\_h = 2{.}0$, $r\_e = 0{.}6$, $I\_{eh} = 0{.}3$, $k\_e = 1{.}0$. Set the initial population sizes to be $h = 0{.}01$, $e = 1{.}0$. Then, simulate the same situation, but change the interaction coefficients to $I\_{he} = 1{.}5$ a $I\_{eh} = 0{.}6$. Plot the results in one graph - the sizes of populations vs time. Discuss the results. 3. Verify the importance of pivoting. Solve the system of linear equations \[\begin{equation} \begin{pmatrix} 10^{-20} & 1\\ 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} x_1\\ x_2 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 1\\ 0 \end{pmatrix} \end {equation}\] at first exactly (on paper), then using LU factorization with partial pivoting (you may utilize some Python module, e.g., and finally, solve the system using LU factorization without pivoting. Compare the resultant $\vect {x}$ obtained from the three methods and the results of matrix multiplication $L^{-1}\cdot U$ ($P\cdot L^{-1}\cdot U$ in the case of pivoting). 4. Consider an infinite parallel-plate capacitor. The gap between plates has a thickness $L=10 \mathrm{cm}$ and the voltage between the plates is $U=5 \mathrm{V}$. Between the plates of the capacitor grounded electrode in the shape of an infinitely long prism with square base of side length $a=2 \mathrm{cm}$, whose center lies $l=6{,}5 \mathrm{cm}$ away from the grounded plane of the original capacitor. The prism is oriented such that one of its short sides is perpendicular to the capacitor plates. Find the distribution of electric potential in the condensator. Since the problem has a translational symmetry in the direction of the infinite side of the prism, it is sufficient to solve it only in the plane parallel to the plates, i.e. it is a 2D problem. Render the potential distribution in this plane. You may utilize the code attached to this task. Bonus: Calculate and render the distribution of the electric field strength $\vect {E}$. Mirek and Lukáš fill matrices with atto-foxes. 5. Series 31. Year - 5. sneaky dribblet Let's take a rounded drop of radius $ r_0 $ made of water of density $ \rho \_v $ which coincidentally falls in the mist in the homogeneous gravity field $g$. Consider a suitable mist with special assumptions. It consists of air of density $\rho \_{vzd}$ and water droplets with an average density of $ rho\_r $ and we consider that the droplets are dispersed evenly. If a drop falls through some volume of such mist, it collects all the water that is in that volume. Only air is left in this place. What is the dependence of the mass of the drop on the distance traveled in such a fog? Bonus: Solve the motion equations. Karal wanted to assign something with changing mass. 5. Series 31. Year - S. Differential equations are growing well 1. Solve the two-body problem using the Verlet algorithm and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method (RK4) over several (many) periods. Use a step size large enough for the numerical errors to become significant. Observe the way the errors manifest themselves on the shape of the trajectories. 2. Solve for the time-dependent position equation of a damped linear harmonic oscillator described by the equation $\ddot {x}+2\delta \omega \dot {x}+\omega ^2 x=0$, where $\omega $ is the angular velocity and $\delta $ is the damping ratio. Change the parameters around and observe the changes in the oscillator’s motion. For which values of the parameters is damping the fastest? 3. Model sedimentation using the method of ballistic deposition \[\begin{equation} h_i(t+1) = max($h_{i-1}(t), h_i(t)+1, h_{i+1}(t)$) \, , \end {equation}\] where $h_i$ is the height of i-th column. And study the development of the roughness of the surface $W(t,L)$ (see this year’s series 4, problem S). Initially (for small values of $t$) the roughness is proportional to some power of $t$: $W(t,L) \sim t^{\beta }$. For large values of $t$, however, it is proportional to some (possibly different) power of the grid length $L$. $W(t,L) \sim L^{\alpha }$. Find the powers $\alpha $ and $\beta $. Choose an appropriate step size so that you could study both modes of sedimentation. The length of the surface should be at least $L = 256$. (Warning: the simulations may take several hours.) 4. Simulate on a square grid the growth of a tumor using the Eden growth model with the following variation: when a healthy and an infected cell come into contact, the probability of the healthy one being infected is $p_1$ and the probability of the infected one being healed is $p_2$. Initially, try out $p_1 \gg p_2$, the proceed with $p_1 > p_2$ and then with $p_1 < p_2$. At the beginning, let only 5 cells (arranged into the shape of a cross) be infected. Describe qualitatively what you observe. 5. Rewrite the attached code for the growth of a fractal (diffusion limited aggregation model) on a hexagonal grid to the growth of a fractal on a square grid and calculate the dimension of the resultant fractal. Note: Using the codes attached to this task is not mandatory, but it is recommended. Mirek and Lukáš have already grown their algebra, now they have different seeds. 4. Series 31. Year - 3. weirdly shaped glass We have a cylindrical glass with a small hole at the bottom of the glass. The surface area of the hole is $S$. The glass is filled with water and the water flows into a second glass by itself. The second glass has no holes. What shape should the second glass have so that the water level grows linearly inside it? The glass is supposed to have cylindrical symmetry. Bonus: The bottom of both glasses is at the same high and the glasses are connected by the hole. Karel was watching how the glass is being filled. 4. Series 31. Year - 4. solve it yourself We have a black box with three outputs (A, B, and C). We know that it consists of $n$ resistors with the same resistance but we don't know the circuit diagram. So we measure the resistance between each pair of outputs $R\_{AB} = 3 \mathrm{\Omega }$, $R\_{BC} = 5 \mathrm{\Omega }$ a $R\_{CA} = 6 \mathrm{\Omega }$. Your task is to find the minimum possible $n$ and calculate the corresponding resistance of one resistor. Matěj solved it quickly. Host MSMT_logotyp_text_cz Media partner Created with <love/> by ©FYKOS –
How much does cybersecurity cost? – by Samantha Dorsey A 2018 study by Radware shows that a single cyberattack can result in a massive $1.1 million loss to companies. For that reason, many enterprises choose to invest in cybersecurity technology, not only because it'll reduce the security risks, but also because it'll most likely cost them less. The problem is, because cybersecurity technologies are becoming more in-demand, their prices are also growing. However, it's not like you can't ignore the risks. Before you invest in this venture, you must first know the potential cost of cybersecurity. Then there are other things you must know, too, like potential threats, before we begin to talk about costs: 6 Most Common Cyber Threats Security risks are like viruses, and cybersecurity is the medicine. They both come in different forms. To eliminate the security risks, you must implement the appropriate cybersecurity technology. In other words, you must know the different types of cyberattacks to come up with the best way to solve them. Below are the five most common cyber threats: • Malware: Malware is short for "malicious software," and it refers to any program or file that can harm the user or the hardware. Harm is a vague word and can mean different things such as spying on people, corrupting files, and more. Examples of malware include Trojans, viruses, spyware, and others. • Ransomware: As the name suggests, ransomware refers to programs or files that encrypt a user's files while demanding a ransom from said user. Ransomware is also a type of malware. This security risk often comes in the form of emails. • Phishing: Phishing is similar to ransomware in the way that it comes from emails. These emails are almost identical to emails sent by reputable sources, but in reality, their primary purpose is to steal data such as login credentials or banking details. • Identity Theft: You’ll also encounter identity theft attempts where one tries to obtain financial information of a company or personal information of an individual and use this data to make unauthorized transactions. • Property Theft: Also known as intellectual property theft, this cyber threat involves getting access to ideas or creative expressions from an individual or companies without their permission, even if the purpose is for the group's betterment. Although it usually happens on a smaller scale, companies can suffer repercussions if their ideas are stolen and sold to competitors. No matter the type of cyberthreat, nothing good will come from ignoring them. Moreover, numerous factors decide the costs. 4 Contributing Factors of Cybersecurity Costs Many businesses neglect their security procedures mainly because they think that it'll cost them a lot. After all, cybersecurity technologies nowadays are becoming more and more expensive. However, not all businesses need expensive cybersecurity services as there are reasonably priced ones like Ntiva Cybersecurity. The costs will differ according to the following factors: • Company Size Large companies often have more employees, and most employees work on desktops or other forms of hardware. That's why the more extensive your company size is, the easier it is to experience cyberattacks due to having more paths for security risks to enter. Having around 50 employees means that you're a small business. Medium-sized businesses employ approximately 100 to 250 employees, while large companies have more than 250 employees. Naturally, the more employees there are, the higher the chances of encountering security risks such as malware, spyware, and the likes. Management of sensitive data will also become much more difficult the more people you employ. By that logic, larger companies tend to require more complex cybersecurity technologies, resulting in higher costs than small- and medium-sized businesses. • Data Types Retail companies often require their customers to input their credit card information for transactions to take place. Because these companies deal with sensitive data, they'll need more security, leading to cybersecurity costs. Simply put, the more sensitive the data is, the higher the expenses will be. • Personal: Personal information is any data about your individuality. An employee's personal information is not very important for companies, but hackers can use it to blackmail these individuals. In other words, personal information deals with individuals and not organizations. • Business: Business information refers to any data that competitors can use to get an edge. It can be a revolutionary idea, creative innovations, and more. Business information can also include the business email that employees use, which cybercriminals can use to sabotage a company's management system. If you're planning on protecting only your business, cybersecurity would naturally cost less. However, if you intend to protect your employees' personal information, you'd have to chip away on the company budget more than usual. • Cybersecurity Technologies Cybersecurity technology can come in different forms. Some require a one-time payment, while others are available in recurring costs. Furthermore, some cybersecurity products are more complex than others, making them more expensive. Below are some of the most common cybersecurity technologies: • Firewall As one of the oldest cybersecurity, a firewall serves as the first line of defense for most systems. More precisely, a firewall protects the Internet network of a company from the outside world. In other words, its primary purpose is to make sure confidential information is not leaked to the outside. Hence, no matter what kind of business you're running, a firewall is a must. Firewall software can come in different sizes, and you should choose the most suitable size according to the configuration of your network. In general, a firewall can cost at least $250 up to $5000. • Email Protection Businesses often use emails for marketing their products and services. Unfortunately, emails are also prone to cyberattacks which may result in extreme damage. Although email providers such as G-Suite have filter functions and considerable security, some companies choose to host their own email solutions, which can be disastrous if the security procedures are not up to standards. Email protection can solve this problem, but it'll cost around $4 monthly for each user. As email attacks usually involve phishing, a great alternative to email protection is phishing awareness training which also has its own price tag. • Antivirus Antivirus is another necessary cybersecurity technology that monitors a desktop's activity to make sure threats are taken care of. It costs the Cyber security and protection of private information and data concept. Locks on blue integrated circuit. Firewall from hacker attack. same as email protection, with a price tag of around $4 monthly per user. While it's an excellent cybersecurity technology, it's not as advanced as other programs. The good news is that there are advanced versions of antivirus software, but they usually cost around $10 per user every month. • Endpoint Security Endpoint security is quite similar to the firewall as it also involves the protection of networks used by the company server. For example, it protects the connection of mobile devices, laptops, and desktops so that no confidential information is released to the public. Moreover, having an endpoint security program allows one to control the connected devices and monitor potential threats remotely. This cybersecurity technology usually costs around $6/month/user, but most businesses opt for packages around $15/month for each server. • Multi-Factor Authentication Finally, multi-factor authentication, or what most people know as two-factor authentication, allows businesses to protect the accounts of their employees by requiring multiple credentials instead of one password. A simple analogy would be having various locks on a single door. Due to its simple structure, small- and medium-sized businesses will benefit significantly from this cybersecurity technology. It costs around $5 per user every month. Although you can forget about a few of these, it's essential to include as many cybersecurity technologies into your business as possible, as it reduces the chances of losing thousands, if not millions, of dollars. It's also worth noting that many other cybersecurity technologies aren't included in this list. • Cybersecurity Services In addition to cybersecurity programs, you can also choose to hire cybersecurity experts to ensure your business is safe from cyberattacks. Usually, the price for this depends on the hours worked by the expert. Below are some of the most common responsibilities of cybersecurity professionals and how much they cost: • Vulnerability assessment involves checking the susceptibility of systems from cyberattacks. This time, it's a one-time payment with a price tag of around $5000 for each network. • Web application assessment is similar to vulnerability assessment, but it involves websites. If your business runs mostly on websites, this will be the ideal cybersecurity service. Your website's costs will vary according to the number of pages within the website and the rate of the expert, so the price is exceptionally diverse. • Network security assessment is the same as the other two, but it mostly deals with network security. This service is crucial for businesses with little to no knowledge about network security. It can be a one-time payment, or it can be on a pay-per-hour basis with a rate of around $250 per hour. Cybersecurity services are the perfect alternatives if you're not fond of installing cybersecurity software. However, as much as possible, you shouldn't be biased in choosing the ideal cybersecurity technologies for your business, as it may make or break your company. Wrapping Up Regardless of your business' nature, you're bound to suffer from cyberattacks if the security procedures are not up to standards. No matter the size of your company, you’ll suffer much from such incidents. The company budget will dwindle, your employees will have doubts about the company, and confidential information may get released to the public. Considering the consequences, it's only right to invest in cybersecurity once you get proper information on its costs. About the Author Samantha Dorsey is a tech writer who loves to share content about artificial intelligence, robotics, cryptocurrency, mobile development and augmented reality. Samantha exerts a lot of time and effort to ensure that her articles are written using simple words, so her readers can easily understand what she’s trying to convey. February 17, 2021 Notify of Inline Feedbacks View all comments
All You Need to Know About How to Write a Reflective Essay There are those personal experiences that have changed the way you view different issues. In this respect, writing a reflection paper is a chance to look closely at those events and assess the impact they had in your life. Apart from the fact that you need to have a sharp memory and great analytical skills, it is also crucial to use your impeccable writing skills when undertaking such tasks. To write an excellent reflective essay, you should have a step-by-step approach to the work. What Is a Reflective Essay? Simple Definition In a reflective essay, you need to do more than just describing what happened during a given event or who was involved. Evaluate what happened, what would have been done differently, and how your whole perspective on the matter changed. Though it describes past events, you are also supposed to write how you intend to do things in the future if the same or similar situations. The details that should be in a reflective essay include telling the reader what happened, the timelines within which the events took place, the people involved, and the exact location. Although you have just outlined what happened at this point, you now have to describe your feelings with regards to what took place. Explain why you took the specific action at that time and what you would do differently today. Describe the actual lessons learned from the whole experience. The description should not take a big percentage of the paper. What is important in this case is the reflection. Expert Tips on How to Write a Good Reflective Essay Your ability to recall what happened in the past and relating it to what you have today determines how well you can write a reflective essay. At the moment, you have acquired new knowledge, and you are likely to look at the same event differently from how you viewed it then. At the same time, it may be painful to think about some disappointing events since you cannot change what happened. Moreover, think about how you can apply the lesson drawn from the same event to other situations even if they are not similar. The thing is that reflective essays can be based on various aspects. For instance, you can write about an embarrassing moment and how it affected you. Moreover, it is easier to read an essay that is organized properly. The point is that as you describe what happened, it is crucial to maintain an organized flow of events. Give proper timelines so that the readers are aware that what you are describing happened at the time when you were probably less experienced or naïve. At the same time, the type of language to use should be comprehensible to the readers. Avoid using technical terms that may be too hard for those who are interested in your work. Do not use statements which may be interpreted differently if the person is not aware of its context. Simply put, ensure that the message gets to the reader of the reflective essay appropriately. Moreover, it is improper to submit a text that is full of grammar and typographical mistakes. When you finish writing, read your essay and remove any errors that you may have made when writing. Correct any ambiguities or structural inconsistencies that may be in the essay. Expert Advice on How to Start a Reflective Essay When you are issued with these tasks, it is advisable that you do not wait for too long before you begin writing. Postponing the task may bring you more frustrations especially if you start tackling it when the deadline draws too close. Start by looking at the reflective essay question. Read it carefully so that you do not fail to answer any part of it. Moreover, look at the accompanying guidelines as well. For instance, how many pages should you write? Such information helps to determine the amount of content required. If there are any structural guidelines that you are supposed to follow, make sure you adhere to them. Now that you already know the question and the specific instructions, you now need to select the event that suits the specific reflective essay. Pick the one that is relevant and that you can easily recall. As much as this is not supposed to be a descriptive essay, ensure that you have the account of what took place. This way, you can easily analyze the circumstances under which things happened and write the reflective essay as required. The Acceptable Reflective Essay Structure You are the focus of the reflective essay. Normally, a reflective essay looks at the things that took place in the past. Therefore, you should look at how these events changed the way you would handle situations in the future. The descriptions are supposed to guide the reader to know what happened. You are then expected to analyze these events in a way that makes the teacher see that you now know and have the tools to assess the situations in your own life. Simply put, do not just give narrations of what happened to you. Dedicate a bigger portion of the paper to the lessons learned. Crafting the Best Reflective Essay Outline Consider the readers as you write these essays. They should comprehend the message contained. That can only happen if you organize the content properly. Hence, the reflective essay should have an introduction, body, and conclusion. What to Include in the Reflective Essay Introduction The introductory paragraph of the reflective essay should have a proper thesis statement. You need to tell the reader how the experience made you feel. Hook the reader to your work by writing a powerful introduction. To make the introduction connected to the thesis statement, use the proper transitional phrases. Writing a Proper Reflective Essay Body Paragraph It is important to note that the story should not necessarily be linear. However, write in such a way that the readers can follow the events. Moreover, the teacher is not interested in the narrations but the reflections from the chosen experience. The readers should understand the ideas outlined as you continue with the story. What is more, you need to give the exact picture of what happened and describe how you felt. The arguments should be organized such that you tackle every idea in the corresponding paragraphs. Start each paragraph with a clear topic sentence. How to Write a Great Reflective Essay Conclusion In the final section, wrap-up everything in the essay. Give the summary of the events and the final thoughts on what happened. Give a brief statement of why your perspective has changed ever since. Mention how you have changed the approach that you take towards getting the solutions to your problems. Get Expert Help with Your Reflective Essay Here If you still have a problem writing a reflective essay, you can get assistance from our reliable essay writing company. Place your order, and our writing pros will do the rest. Contact us today! Useful study materials: Leave a Reply You May Also Like
Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Medical historian calls COVID-19 response a 'failure of expertise' A leading medical historian from City's Department of Journalism has contributed an article on the scientific and political failures in the UK's response to COVID-19 to the Royal Society's Interface Focus journal. Medical economics Sharing vaccines is in countries' best interests How nations can best allocate COVID-19 vaccines remains a discussion of global importance. And at its heart is the question of whether countries with greater access to vaccines should focus on vaccinating their own citizens ... Herd refers to a social grouping of certain animals of the same species, either wild or domestic, and also to the form of collective animal behavior associated with this (referred to as herding) or as a verb, to herd, to its control by another species such as humans or dogs. Special collective nouns may be used for particular taxa (for example a flock of geese, if not in flight, is sometimes called a gaggle) but for theoretical discussions of behavioural ecology, the generic term herd can be used for all such kinds of assemblage.[citation needed] The word herd, as a noun, can also refer to one who controls, possesses and has care for such groups of animals when they are domesticated. Examples of herds in this sense include shepherds (who tend to sheep), goatherds (who tend to goats), cowherds (who tend cattle), and others.
Stuff YOU Should Know Posted by on Nov 4, 2020 in Stuff You Should Know Barrett Confirmed to Supreme Court Last week, just days before the presidential election, the U.S. Senate confirmed Judge Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court. Barrett will replace Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who passed away in September. Democrats on the Senate Judiciary Committee boycotted the vote to advance Barrett’s nomination to the full Senate in an attempt to slow the confirmation process. But this was ultimately unsuccessful. The final vote was 52-48 to confirm Barrett. All Senate Republicans except Maine’s Susan Collins voted in favor of the appointment. All 45 Senate Democrats and the two Independent senators voted against the confirmation. Republicans have cited Barrett’s impressive resume and history of working with the Supreme Court as reasons to support her confirmation. Democrats, meanwhile, fought hard against the new justice due to her conservative views. The evening of the confirmation, Justice Clarence Thomas administered the oath of office to Barrett. This makes her the 115 justice in the Court’s history and the fifth woman to join the Supreme Court. Justice Barrett’s confirmation gives the Supreme Court an expected 6-3conservative majority. Dig Deeper Who are the other four women to serve on the Supreme Court? Select one of the four justices and research a case in which she wrote the Majority Opinion. Teen Wins Prize for COVID Cure Research A fourteen-year-old girl named Anika Chebrolu from Frisco, Texas, recently won the 2020 3M Young Scientist Challenge. Her project? Discovering the building blocks for a potential cure for COVID-19. An illustration of the COVID-19 molecule. An illustration of the COVID-19 molecule. Credit: CDC/Alissa Eckert, MS; Dan Higgins, MAMS Anika’s project, which won a $25,000 prize, identifies a process to discover a lead molecule that binds to a specific protein in the coronavirus. Knowing how this binding process works helps scientists develop a vaccine that may also bind to the protein. Anika originally focused her research on the influenza virus rather than the coronavirus. She learned about the 1918 flu pandemic, and how many people still die of the flu every year despite the treatments available. She herself suffered from a severe case of the flu last year.. But once the coronavirus pandemic struck, Anika recognized that her research was more immediately related to the COVID-19 virus. Every year, thousands of students in grades five through eight participate in the 3M Young Scientist Challenge, not only for the significant prize money, but for the chance to work with an exclusive 3M mentor. From that pool, ten finalists are chosen based on four criteria: their passion for science, their spirit of innovation, their ingenuity, and their communication skills. Anika hopes to take her research further by working with doctors and scientists to turn her findings into a coronavirus vaccine. Eventually, Anika would like to become a medical researcher and a professor. Dig Deeper Visit the 2020 Young Scientist Challenge website and choose one of the finalists’ projects to read more about. Write a short paragraph about what you learn. Burger King to Test Reusable Containers Beginning next year, Burger King will be joining with other major fast food chains to reduce paper and plastic waste by implementing a reusable container program. Here’s how it works: customers who wish to participate in the program pay a small deposit in addition to the cost of their food. When they’re finished eating, they can return the cup or sandwich container to the restaurant. They will then get their deposit back, and the container or cup is washed and cleaned before it is passed on to the next customer. To start, the earth-friendly program will be implemented on a trial basis, and only at certain Burger King stores in New York, Portland, and Tokyo. If the program is a success, it will expand to more stores in other cities. McDonald’s has also agreed to try reusable cups. Burger King has committed to additional pro-sustainability efforts, such as using renewable or recycled resources for 100 percent of its packaging. It plans to make all of its packaging 100 percent recyclable at all stores in the United States and Canada by 2025. What Do You Think? If a reusable container program existed at fast-food restaurants in your city, would you participate? Why or why not?
Your brain is wired for gossip Who knew my urge to read the National Inquirer headlines at the grocery store check-out stand means I’m highly adaptive in the food chain . . . if not the food market. This is fascinating! Our intense interest in gossip is not really a character flaw. It’s part of who we are. It’s almost a biological event, and it exists for good evolutionary reasons. P.S. If you aren’t in the mood to read the whole thing, scroll down to where I’ve highlighted in red the results of the study. Psst! The Human Brain Is Wired For Gossip by Jon Hamilton, “Hearing gossip about people can change the way you see them — literally. “Gossip is helping you to predict who is friend and who is foe,” says Lisa Feldman Barrett, distinguished professor of psychology at Northeastern University and an author of the study. Barrett is part of a team that’s been studying how gossip affects not just what we know about an unfamiliar person but how we feel about them. The team has shown that getting second-hand information about a person can have a powerful effect. So the team brought in volunteers and had them look at faces paired with gossip. Some of these faces were associated with negative gossip, such as “threw a chair at his classmate.” Other faces were associated with more positive actions, such as “helped an elderly woman with her groceries.” Participants in the study were shown a neutral face paired with (A) negative gossip, (B) positive gossip, (C) neutral gossip, (D) negative non-social information, (E) positive non-social information, and (F) neutral non-social information. When the study participants viewed the faces again, their brains were more likely to fix on the faces associated with negative gossip. Then the researchers looked to see how the volunteers’ brains responded to the different kinds of information. They did this by showing the left and right eyes of each person very different images. So one eye might see a face while the other eye would see a house. And the researcher found that volunteers’ brains were most likely to fix on faces associated with negative gossip. Gossip doesn’t just influence your opinions about people, it actually influences how you see them visually,“ Barrett says. The finding suggests we are hardwired to pay more attention to a person if we’ve been told they are dangerous or dishonest or unpleasant, Barrett says. “If somebody is higher than you in the food chain, you want dirt about them. You want negative information, because that’s the stuff you can exploit to get ahead.” – Frank McAndrew, Knox College psychology professor Other scientists say that makes sense from an evolutionary perspective. So McAndrew says one shortcut would have been gossip. “People who had an intense interest in that — that constantly were monitoring who’s sleeping with who and who’s friends with whom and who you can trust and who you can’t — came out ahead,” he says. “People who just didn’t care about that stuff got left behind.” “If somebody is a competitor or somebody is higher than you in the food chain, you want dirt about them,” he says. “You want negative information, because that’s the stuff you can exploit to get ahead.” Who knew tabloid news is the best thing since we discovered fire? 6 comments on “Your brain is wired for gossip You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
International Agreements Australia Has Signed As a sovereign state, Australia is in a position to enter into agreements with other states. The ratification of international treaties does not imply the transfer of sovereignty to an international body, but creates international rights and duties. The Council of Justice has been mentioned 19 times in the UPR NGO/NHRI compilation report, including the withdrawal of reservations about international conventions, the administration of justice and the rule of law, indigenous peoples and migrants, refugees and asylum seekers. This is one of three reports reviewed by the UPR working group to assess the human rights record in Australia. The report is written by the Office of the High Commissioner and consists of information from civil society and national human rights institutions, such as the AHRC. There were 16 individual NGO applications and 5 joint applications/NGO coalitions. The AHRC also made submissions. As a sovereign state, Australia is able to enter into agreements with other states and other states clearly recognize that the Australian government alone is able to enter into valid agreements with other states. The legal basis for this is the Constitution. Although there is no explicit power to enter into a treaty in the Constitution, the High Court has interpreted section 61 of the R/Burgess Constitution so that it has the power to enter into contracts with other countries. (3) Once a contract is concluded, Section 51 (xxix) authorizes Parliament to legislate to implement the provisions of the treaty in order to meet our international obligations under this Treaty. However, the High Court did not say that international treaties have no effect if there is no national legislation. Indeed, the majority considered that the ratified international treaties could not be directly used as a source of individual rights and obligations, but that the act of ratification was a positive statement by the executive government. The act of ratification was seen as a sufficient basis for individuals to have the right to believe that government decision-makers would act in accordance with the Treaty. (5) In addition, contracts have often been used by Australian courts to help resolve legislative ambiguities and develop the common law. International treaties must follow certain steps in order for them to be binding on international law. This option requires the executive to receive Parliament`s approval on the text of an international treaty before signing. This is probably the simplest way to increase contract control before execution. In 1966, Australia signed the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) and Australia ratified cERD in 1975. The CERD is a UN convention that aims to promote ideas of racial equality while creating a legal framework to address issues of racial discrimination through legal procedures. International law is characterized by its consensual nature and is very different from national law. The application of international law is difficult and is often achieved through political mechanisms rather than purely legal mechanisms. In general, the rules of international law are characterized by two factors. One is the actual practice of the state (i.e. when states systematically follow a particular practice in their relations) and the other is the intention of states to be bound by practice. If there is a practice so often followed by states, and when states, if they follow practice, prove that they are bound by practice, then it becomes a customary rule of international law. In other words, customary international law is the set of general principles that are accepted and respected by most states to the point of making them mandatory. As soon as a state practice achieves this widespread acceptance, it will crystallize into a rule of international law or a “usual international standard.” Although the government considers that the ratified treaties have only a limited effect until they are implemented by national legislation (20), the ratification act is considered binding in law
Facility Mapping of Infrastructure Facility Mapping of Infrastructure: A case study of Ajaokuta Steel Company, Kogi State Nigeria. The precise location of every aspect of infrastructure, from what is underground to what is overhead, is easier to discern and understand using geospatial information and technologies. Fortunately, tremendous advances in geospatial technologies have made these tools far more powerful, accessible, and usable—many of which have been driven by the commercial sector, including Esri. Using technologies such as intelligent, real-time GIS and GPS maps to prioritize, plan, and execute new infrastructure projects can help public and private infrastructure investments be more efficient and reduce waste. Maps made with GIS, GPS, and aerial imagery can be quickly created and updated. They also usually include detailed information not only about current and planned infrastructure improvements but also about the contexts in which they are being implemented. For example, if a local government wants to see all the potholes in its downtown area mapped out, it can use GIS to do so—and then add useful data layers like traffic flow and pavement type to figure out what’s causing them and how to prevent them in the future. To improve project planning and operations, these maps can be shared digitally across sectors. This project aims to display the powerful use of Esri GIS Software for mapping Ajaokuta steel rolling mills. The Study Area Ajaokuta Steel Company is Nigeria’s leading steel company. Guided by a philosophy to produce safe, sustainable steel, it is the leading supplier of quality steel products in all the major economic sectors including the construction, packaging, and wire drawing/nail making industry. ASCL operates in all the major markets in Nigeria and employs about 3000 people. The Federal Government of Nigeria established the Nigerian Steel Development Authority (NSDA) in 1971 through Decree No. 19 in order to advance the development of the Nigerian Steel Industry. NSDA carried out detailed market studies and investigations on the availability of local raw materials. The Preliminary Project Report (PPR) of 1974, the Detailed Project Report (DPR) of 1977, and the Global Contract (1979) for construction of the steel plant at Ajaokuta were all commissioned and executed during the NSDA period. The NSDA was thereafter dissolved through decree; No. 60 on the 18th of September 1979. This decree also created Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited, ASCL being the successor of NSDA. The Ajaokuta integrated steel complex was conceived and steadily developed with the vision of erecting a Metallurgical Process Plant cum Engineering Complex with other auxiliaries and facilities. The complex is meant to be used to generate important upstream and downstream industrial and economic activities that are critical to the diversification of our economy into an industrial one. Ajaokuta Steel Plant is therefore aptly tagged as the “Bedrock of Nigeria’s industrialization”. The project was embarked upon as a strategic industry, a job creator, and a foreign exchange saver and earner. It was envisaged that the project would generate a myriad of socio-economic benefits and increase the productive capacity of the nation through its linkages to other industrial sectors. It would provide materials for infrastructural development, technology acquisition, human capacity building, income distribution, regional development, and employment generation. While the project would directly employ about 10,000 staff at the first phase of commissioning, the upstream and downstream industries that will evolve all over the nation will engage not less than 500,000 employees. The plant by 1994 was reckoned to be at 98% completion in terms of equipment erected. Some completed units of the Plant operated at different times but had to short down due to the non-availability of funds. Project by: Tesini Precious Dombo – tdombo@sambusgeospatial.com SOFTWARE: ArcGIS Pro 2.7.2 DATA SOURCE: Esri Imagery Basemap. Ancillary Data of the existing Infrastructure
Communicating Effectively in Emergencies Course Description: The main objective of this training session is to help you communicate effectively with employees about workplace emergencies. By the time the session is over, you should be able to communicate effectively before an emergency; communicate effectively during an emergency; and communicate effectively after an emergency. The first part of the session will address communication before emergencies to prepare employees to respond effectively in an actual emergency. The second part will cover communication during and after an emergency. Course Duration: 36 minutes Why “Communicating Effectively in Emergencies” Matters: Effective communication can minimize the impact of emergencies and help reduce the number of injuries and fatalities. A calm and decisive leader giving clear instructions during an emergency can help keep your people safe. When your employees act swiftly and properly in response to an emergency, they help protect property and minimize damage and destruction in the workplace. Key Points: • Effective communication is vital to help protect employees and the workplace in an emergency. • Communicating critical information in a crisis is an important part of your duties as a supervisor. A Complete Training Solution:
The significance of English as a lingua franca in Spain Diary submitted by Mathilde S, Erasmus+ internship in Madrid “What motivates you to learn English?” sounds like a straightforward question. Yet, when I asked mystudents, their answers varied. While some of them are studying out of personal interests and love for the language, most of them mentioned external motivations, notably regarding work. Either for their current job, or for career prospects, all agreed that knowing and mastering English is now very significant in Spain. English has undoubtedly become the lingua franca, that is the language used for communication between two people whose mother tongue and cultural background are different (Cogo, 2012). English is also the primary international language of reference in many domains, including economy, trade, politics, diplomacy and media. Spain has been going through a serious Economic recession for more than ten years. The 2008 crisis has dramatically affected the job market, including young people. So now people want to secure a good job and make everything possible to increase their human capital. Because younger people tend to have higher academic skills, knowing English is a way to distinguish oneself. In addition, companies often have branches in other countries, so it is necessary for employees to communicate in English. Inother words, there is a high “economic value” to learning English in Spain (Robbins, 2015). I haveindeed encountered some students who are taking lessons because they are planning to go to the UK to improve their English, work in the meantime and hopefully come back to Spain with a valuable experience in a foreign country and with reliable language skills. Furthermore, tourism is one of the biggest industries in Spain at the moment, so in this sector, knowing English is preferable if not required. “Without even considering the millions of other visitors who travel to Spain each year, the necessity of knowing English as a Spanish citizen is a useful and necessary skill to interact and perform business transactions with the foreign visitors coming from the United Kingdom and Germany.” (Robbins, 2015: 30) Besides the economic argument, the current significance of English in Spain can be explained by historical facts. Under the Francoist dictatorship, the nationalist rhetoric enforced unity around the Castilian culture, at the expense of regional dialects and English. As a result, Spain was not part of the trend of other European countries which opened themselves to English becoming the lingua franca in a globalised world. Another consequence is that the Spanish school system lags behind in terms of language learning. So after Franco, the Spanish government launched partnerships with British schools, notably the British Council. The focus was mainly placed on grammar, so now they lack speaking and listening skills. In 2005, the Barcelona Objective, a European initiative promoting multilingualism, forcefully encourages the learning of two foreign languages, in addition to one’s mother tongue.Similarly, the EU program ‘Education and Training 2010,’ promotes lifelong learning and notably encourages adults to learn foreign languages. Yet, Spaniards who are currently in their 30s-40s didn’tbenefit from such programs and now lack English skills. These factors explain the growing market of English teaching and learning in Spain. Only in Madrid I was struck by the number of English academies. Private language academies are indeed a flourishing business in Spain. The clientele of such schools includes working adults who wish to improve their human capital, and teenagers whose parents picture English as a crucial tool for academic prospects. Passing a Cambridge exam or having any B1 or B2 certificate has become truly important for Spanish people. In conclusion, it is safe to say that in the current context in Spain, being an EFL learner and speaker is highly valued. Robbins, Molly M., (2015). “What is the ‘Economic Value’ of learning English in Spain?”. Scripps Senior Theses. Paper 691. 1-55. Cogo, A. (2012). English as a Lingua Franca: Concepts, use, and implications. ELT Journal, 66(1), 97-105. Add Comment Add me to Skype - TEFL Trainer Poppy Treadaway Julia Audinet Read more here Beth M. Madrid Read more here Emma S. Madrid Read more here Clémence J. Madrid Read more here Denise P. Valencia
Weekly Learning Targets To help support our study of force and magnetism, we began reading leveled books during reading groups. Through this integration, students understood force and magnetism better and then applied their learning while conducting experiments during science. While reading about force and magnetism, students learned how to utilize nonfiction text features to support their comprehension. Their awareness of the features has increased, and they are more cognizant of the following; bold words, the glossary, captions, pictures/graphs, and headings. They now understand how the features assist their learning and should not be ignored. But, if you do, you might miss out on some great learning. It is very easy to tell someone they did a great job, but is that feedback constructive? This week we discussed the importance and purpose of peer feedback. The kids worked on providing specific, positive, and helpful feedback. We used a protocol called two stars, and one wish to assist us in thinking more deeply about the feedback we were giving. Besides giving feedback, we discussed how to accept feedback and the next steps for revising. Peer feedback as a springboard for our discussion about how to revise and edit a story to begin writing the final draft. During this process, the kids were encouraged to use their highlighters to help detect three different areas for editing. For example, they used their green highlighter to check for capitalization, pink highlighter for punctuation, and yellow highlighter for adjectives. Also, they were encouraged to reread their story, then, with a partner, evaluate the order and organization of their story. During fundations, we continued to work on vowel and consonant suffixes. For example, we discussed the use of -ful, -less, -ish, -able, and -ive. Students need to understand how adding a suffix to the base word can change the meaning and part of speech. We continued learning about force. The kids were able to watch a tug of war competition between a group of kids and adults. The question posed was, how can you win against a bunch of adults? As we watched the video, the kids observed the participants’ foot position to create a push and a pull with their arms. They concluded that they create a strong force when both pulling and pushing actions are at work. Also, to demonstrate an understanding of how to use critical thinking skills when explaining cause and effect, the kids played jacks, which was a new game for many, but they loved thinking about how force was a part of their actions. Next, we focused on understanding two natural forces of gravity and magnetic force. These two forces act at a distance and do not require direct contact between the objects to function. Gravity produces a force that pulls objects towards each other, like a person towards the ground. It is the force that keeps the Earth revolving around the sun, and it's what pulls you toward the ground when you trip. The kids enjoyed exploring with magnets and trying to make the magnets float! This week we continued Unit 4: Using Multiplication to Divide. The emphasis has been on understanding the connection between multiplication and division without remainders. By understanding fact families, the kids could determine the related facts to solve the division problems. We will be working on solving two-step word problems by making sense of the problem. During Pack PRIDE, we discussed friendship, specifically what makes a good friend and how to be a good friend. The kids had many great ideas for how to include others and how to make others feel important, i.e., giving compliments. We also discussed how it takes courage to step outside your comfort zone to approach someone. So often, there is a fear of rejection, but if you don't try to include others, you may be missing out on a beautiful friendship.
Efficiency Potential An energy efficiency potential study is a tool that quantifies the size and costs of the energy efficiency resources in a given location and identifies major opportunities for energy savings. These studies help states advance smart energy policies and programs by providing critical data resources to inform decision makers. They are used to set energy savings goals, incorporate energy efficiency into the integrated resource planning process, and determine funding levels for efficiency programs and policies. These studies typically examine policies such as energy efficiency resource standards, building energy codes, efficiency in state government facilities, industrial energy efficiency, and combined heat and power, and assess the relative impacts on energy savings, consumer energy bills, and the environment. In the traditional approach of energy efficiency potential studies, there are three broad categories of efficiency potential: technical, which sums all energy efficiency measures that are feasible given technology limitations; economic, the fraction of the technical potential that is cost-effective; and achievable, or the fraction of the economic potential that is attainable given actual societal and market limitations. While energy efficiency potential analyses have been prepared for decades, there has been some inconsistency in how the studies have been conducted and how the categories are defined. The value of potential studies depends on the effort and resources that go into them, and the assumptions—whether reasonable or constrained—that underlie them. Many of these assumptions remain undisclosed, and this lack of transparency is a major challenge for potential studies. In order to facilitate more active, constructive discussions, data access and input transparency must be addressed so that potential studies are accessible to all stakeholders. In addition, potential studies should reflect the cost-effectiveness tests used locally. These tests should align with policy goals and proportionately account for all relevant, material impacts, including, at a minimum, all utility system resources. Highlighted Resources “State-Level Energy Efficiency Analysis: Goals, Methods, and Lessons Learned” Contact Info For more information or to contact a researcher, please visit the Utilities Program. © 2021 All rights reserved.
Willard Custer Ideas, Ready for the Aviation World? Engineers at the Georgia Institute of Technology Research Institute in Atlanta, U.S.; are quietly researching the possibility of applying a Channel Wing Configuration technology to the designs of future aircrafts platforms. The Channel Wing Configuration, when implemented on the wing design, would give the aircraft the ability to generate a high volume of lift, which could open the path to many design possibilities. The idea of configurating the wing design to be able to generate more lift has been around since the birth of aviation early in the 1900s. Preliminary studies by aviation engineers on the subject in the mid-to-late 1910s resulted in experimentation with various form of wing configurations and settings. Eventually, advances on airframe deign and a premium on engine performance took center stage, thus neglecting the concept of wing modification to achieve greater lift. For years, research into a greater lift-generating wing design was shaped by traditionalist aviation engineers and designers. Thus, radical new ideas were never fully pursued, that was until a brilliant Maryland inventor came forward with a new concept in 1935. Willard Custer was one of the first true champions of the lift principal called aero physics. He stated that the amount of lift generated by any aircraft is determined by the speed on which the air flows over the wing, not solely on the speed of the wing moving thru the air as articulated by many. If a wing configuration were to be designed with deep channels, dropping like a couple of “smiles” under the propellers; then the aircraft would generate more lift with it than a conventional wing configuration. For Custer, the idea was simple enough. An aircraft can generate lift with zero forward speed utilizing the engines to provide the necessary airflow to sustain the plane in the air, thus achieving an impressive amount of Short Take-Off and Landing (STOL) capability. Additionally, with the channel wing shape, the engine thrust is propelled downward, providing the aircraft with the ability to perform short take-offs, and, as an added bonus; maintaining air control at relative slow speeds. The idea that an aircraft can achieve virtually vertical take-off and landing capabilities by re-designing its wing configuration a was radical concept in the late 1930s. Custer CCW-1 (photo, via author) Custer CCW-1 (photo, via author) The aviation community did not think much of Cluster’s Channel Wing Concept. That’s the risk someone takes when propelling radical new ideas. Nevertheless, Custer marched on. In the summer of 1943, his first aircraft design with channel wings was demonstrated to the United States Army Air Forces in Maryland. Immediately, the CCW-1, as the plane was designated, was a media darling. Stories of this strange-looking aircraft, nearly hovering over the ground, fascinated many in the country. Unfortunately, the US Army was not one of them. They branded the CCW-1 impractical because of the extreme nose-up attitude requirement for landing. There were also issues about the survival of the CCW-1 in combat. Test flights showed that if one of the engines were to be lost, the pilot could not maintain effective control over the aircraft. Despite the setback, Custer persevered, and in the fall of 1959; he presented his new aircraft, the CCW-5 to the Marine Corps. Again he was turned down. Mainly, for the reasons stated in 1943; the concept seemed to hit the wall. No major research was invested on the channel wing concept until 1995, when the idea was resurrected by Dennis Bushnell, Chief Researcher at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Virginia. For years Bushnell mulled over how to fit an aircraft in tight locations off the ground. He researched the accepted principals of direct thrust and rotary wings, but they were not able to produce the desired results, as recent experimentation had shown. But Bushnell had an ace. For years he had known and studied the work of Custer on the Channel Wing; and he wondered if a combination of control circulation, a method from which lift is generated utilizing jet of air to improve the aerodynamic characteristics of the wing, and the channel wing, could be the answer. Either of these systems, by themselves, could not provide the aircraft with the necessary characteristic he desired, but combining the two was seen by Bushnell as the way forward. Custer CCW-5 (photo, via author) Custer CCW-5 (photo, via author) A new research program commenced in 1999 and lasted until 2004. The research focused on the Coanda Effect, named after its founder; Romania researcher Henri Coanda, who in August 1910 discovered that hot gases exiting a jet followed the contour of the plates installed to deflect it. Circulation Control follows a different path. Simply put it, circulation control works when compressed air is directed over a curve or leading edge to generate greater lift capacity. Researches believed that circulation control, could in the future rend obsolete moving surfaces on aircrafts. The next step in the developmental process for Circulation Control is the replacement of mechanical lift augmenters with air hoses to make the aircrafts lighter, quieter and maintenance friendly. For all of this to take effect, surface system needed to be introduced, and here is where the Channel Wing Concept comes into play. Current computing systems used to measure fluid dynamics of aircrafts’ surfaces had established the feasibility that a Channel Wing configuration with enhance Circulation Control, could produce a serviceable and stable super-STOL platform. Wind tunnel testing and computer animations had confirmed the Channel Wing design payoffs in ways that Custer could not have done in his time. Custer clearly understood the airflow needed to generate lift could come from two different sources: the engine or the airframe forward motion. What he lacked was an understanding of what happened to the air stream once it hit the channel. The end result is turbulence. This is why both the CCW-1 and 5 failed to achieve major air-control properties. At low speeds, the flow of air is detached form the traveled surface; leading to the aircraft to lose differential pressure that is the cause of lift. At Custer’s time, there was no method accurate enough to calculate when this effect comes to play or how to design an aircraft that used this effect in its advantage. The solution: Circulation Control. One of the most challenging arenas for the CCWs models were the high angle of attack that the aircraft needed to be flown, a dangerous proposition because the pilot will temporarily loss the ability to see over the plane’s nose. Another problem was the lost of an engine. If the aircraft were to loss the use of one of its engines, the aircraft will be subject to high stall degrees and rolls, without the necessary energy to compensate for them. Circulation Control can solve this problem. At present, Bushnell and his team had been pressing for sometime to design and aircraft that incorporates both concepts, but like Custer before, without much success. Skeptics’ rapidity pointed out that all the research data done during the past five decades had failed to produce a serviceable aircraft design, thus leading them to the conclusion that the concepts are incompatibles. The Channel Wing concept may need to wait until advances in technology can undisputable show that an airworthy aircraft can be achieve; but the Circulation Control concept is already been use by various countries in the design on unmanned air vehicles. Even a naval application was found for the concept. Submarines could use jets instead of conventional dive planes and rudders to change aspect ratios. Custer’s idea was years ahead of his time, and seems today, that is still ahead of us. Further research and data collection maybe needed, but with the current military situation, a premium is been place on the ability of aircraft to perform short take-off and landing s procedures, its only a matter of time before the next great engineering breakthrough comes along and Custer’s idea will probably be at the center of it. – Raul Colon More information: Custer Channelwing Website The Official Custer Channel Wing Website Les avions de Willard Custer Mid-Atlantic Air Museum: CC-W-5 That Extra Little Lift
PhD. Student, Samuel Acheampong, research on Ghana’s first gene-edited crop using CRISPR-Cas9 system Gene editing researcher Samuel Acheampong in his lab at the University of Cape Coast. Photo: Gene editing researcher Samuel Acheampong in his lab at the University of Cape Coast. Photo Credit: Joseph Opoku Gakpo Research on Ghana’s first gene-edited crop — a high-yielding sweet potato with increased beta carotene content — is under way at the University of Cape Coast. “For sweet potatoes, we want to look at how we can use the CRISPR-Cas9 system to increase beta carotene,” said Samuel Acheampong of the university’s Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, who has been working on the project for the past year. “Beta carotene is a big deal for us because as animals, when we eat beta carotene, our cells are able to convert them into vitamin A.” The World Health Organization estimates that between 250,000 and 500,000 children in developing nations go blind every year as a result of vitamin A deficiency, making it the world’s leading preventable cause of childhood blindness. Some 50 percent of them die within a year of losing their sight. Respiratory illnesses and infectious and diarrheal diseases in children also have been linked to vitamin A deficiency. Acheampong is using CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out the genes responsible for the production of an enzyme in the sweet potato that converts beta carotene into other products. This will leave higher beta carotene content in the crop, which when consumed by humans will allow them to produce vitamin A. Sweet potato is a very popular vegetable in Ghana, making it ideal for a biofortification effort of this kind. The Ghanaian scientist started the research while studying at North Carolina State University in the United States. He has since transferred the work to his lab back home at the University of Cape Coast. “I’m at the developmental stage,” he explained when the Alliance for Science visited his lab. “I’m developing the metrics to optimize the conditions for efficient regeneration of sweet potatoes.” Additionally, Acheampong is researching how to increase the size of the crop’s storage roots. “I’m looking at a set of genes which affects the transport of sugars in plants. So I’m trying to use the CRISPR genome editing to knock out some sets of genes so that there will be more flow of sugars in the crop, which will definitely lead to increase in the yield.” Asked why he chose to work on sweet potato, Acheampong explained it is an important crop because it is very resilient, has high yield and is adaptable to many environmental conditions. “In addition, sweet potato production does not require sophisticated inputs,” he said. “You just get your sweet potato, you get your hole, your cutlass… and then you go. So it makes sweet potato very, very important. And as you know, climate change and all these changes that are coming. Sweet potato can be used to be adapt to these conditions. Sweet potato is also nutritious. So it makes sweet potato a very good crop for food security in Ghana and many parts of the world.” Acheampong said he decided to use the CRISPR gene editing tool to improve the plant because conventional breeding techniques are more difficult to apply. “Sweet potato is difficult to breed for that trait because low dry matter content (which is an undesired trait) is associated with that beta carotene content,” heexplained. “So, separating them is very difficult. Plant breeders have tried several means to improve the beta carotene content, but when you get high beta carotene content, you get low dry matter content. Those traits are linked so they mostly move together. In order to get high beta carotene content as well as high dry matter content, you need a different approach, you need the technology. So genome editing can edit some sets of genes to make the sweet potato orange flesh in color while still maintaining the high dry matter content.” Acheampong describes CRISPR gene editing as a straight to the point, efficient and easy to use plant breeding tool. “For genome editing, we don’t need much,” he said. “Once you have a basic tissue culture laboratory, we can do genome editing. Once you have your autoclave and you have your growth chamber, you are done. You are good. This is something that’s basic for any lab that you can think of that’s properly functioning anywhere here in Africa… CRISPR is actually a game changer. “Genome editing, relatively, is cheap,” he added. “You don’t need so much expertise to do it. You don’t need very specialized instruments before you can do it… So it makes CRISPR genome editing a very potent technology for food production and future food security.” CRISPR gene editing is a tool for modifying the genomes of living organisms using CRISPR-Cas9 DNA from bacteria. “One thing about gene editing is, it’s a one-time event,” Acheampong said. “Once you introduce the Cas9, the Cas9 cuts the DNA. Now, when that cut is made, the organism will repair. And once the repair is done, that is all. Cas9 is just an enzyme. Within a few minutes or hours, it is degraded or denatured. There is no trace of it in the organism again.” Photo Credit: Joseph Opoku Gakpo It differs from genetic modification because “you are not introducing anything new from another organism,” he said. “It’s the same organism but some changes are made. So it’s like a shirt that is stained; you use a bleach or anything to clean off. After you clean it off, there’s no trace of the soap or the bleach that you use. That’s how gene editing works.” Since this is the first research project to use CRISPR in Ghana, Acheampong is convinced that its success will pave the way for using the technology to solve several other agricultural production challenges in the country and Africa as a whole. “In Ghana, we have a big problem with iron deficiency, anemia. The food we eat, the iron content is low, and we can use gene editing to increase the iron content. There are many other traits that we can use gene editing to [improve],” he noted. “In the US, they have used it, they have been successful in many plants,” he added. “For Ghana and West Africa, we are now also doing it. You see, when technology comes, you have to adapt it to your own situation and use it to your advantage. So I believe that when this one goes up, it will encourage other scientists to also pursue studies related to the CRISPR-Cas9 system.” If this work proves successful, it’s going to be very big for the scientific community and those who are interested in food production, Acheampong observed. He estimates it will take him up to five years to complete his research before any conversation can begin around putting the product in the hands of farmers. “Getting it to the market may take a long time, depending on regulations, etc.,” he said. Ghana’s biosafety law makes no room for gene edited crops and the government has not taken a position on how to regulate them. Still, Acheampong is confident farmers and the public will accept his product. “Right now, they don’t have much understanding of the technology,” he observed. “And I believe that as time goes on and as we explain this, people’s understanding will get better and better. So I definitely believe that they will accept it.” Acheampong is also urging African governments to invest in gene editing technologies. “Governments across Africa should embrace genome editing to improve traits in your crops because when government sponsors a project, a project becomes successful and is given out to the people,” he said. “I believe people will be more confident in it than allowing biotech companies to develop it and then sell it to farmers… It will be affordable, everybody can have easy access to it and use it. “I love technology and I think people should embrace technology,” he continued. “We need technology to improve. We need technology in a lot of things that we do. Without technology, we will forever stay where we are. We will not improve.” Thank you for reading
All about Arthritis symptoms and causes What is arthritis? Arthritis symptoms usually develop over a period of time, but they may also appear suddenly. Arthritis is an inflammation of one or more joints. There are over 100 different types of arthritis, each with different causes and treatments. Two of the most common types of arthritis are Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Osteoarthritis (OA). Arthritis is a common condition that causes sufferers to feel pain and inflammation in their joints. Around 10 million people in the UK have arthritis. What causes arthritis? Unfortunately, there is no simple answer to this question. Arthritis is usually caused by a number of contributing factors, which commonly include: • Genetics and family history • Previous muscle or joint injuries • Physically demanding occupations • Smoking What are the symptoms of arthritis? Arthritis most commonly occurs in adults over the age of 65, but it can also develop in children, teenagers, and younger adults. Arthritis tends to be more common in women than men and is far more common in those who are overweight. Common warning signs of arthritis include joint stiffness, often followed by joint tenderness or pain during movement or while at rest. In the early stages of RA, it’s common to feel pain in the fingers and wrists, but you may also experience pain in your knees, ankles, shoulders or feet. In the early stages of OA, you’re likely to feel pain and tenderness, loss of flexibility, and a grating or clicking noise when you move. Is it gout or arthritis? There are similarities between RA and gout, however there are a few common differences too. Whilst RA can affect any joint in the body, gout tends to only affect areas of the foot, including the big toe and ankle. Gout is also commonly associated with a diet high in rich foods, whereas RA is not known to be linked to any food group. Lastly, whilst RA is often painful, gout is always accompanied by an intense and acute pain.
Fluoro AChE Exposure to chemical nerve agents, pesticides and certain drugs (anesthetics, cocaine and therapeutical drugs) reduces the activity of red blood cell (RBC) acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The RBC-AChE can be used as a biomarker to monitor suppressed and or increased AChE function in the peripheral and central nervous system (9). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is one of the most important enzymes involved in nerve transmission. The enzyme is bound to cellular membranes of excitable tissue (synaptic junction, endoplasmic reticulum, etc) 1-3. Acute toxicity to humans and animals through inhibition of AChE by both nerve gases and an important class of pesticides has long been a field of intensive scientific investigation 4,5. AChE inhibitors have also been used clinically as Alzheimer’s treatments (e.g., tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine)) 6 and are the subject of increasing interest in various disease processes and treatment strategies 7,8. However, both environmental detection of AChE inhibitors and development of modulators of AChE enzymatic activity as drugs have been hampered by the difficulty and complexity of the current assay methods. Key Benefits • Non Radioactive assay can monitor multiple time points to follow kinetics. • One-step, no wash assay. • Versatile: Can Detect AChE activity in RBC’s, Saliva and Tissue Lysates. • Readout – 96 well Fluorescent Plate Reader. Additional information Kit Size 100, 500 We have developed a highly sensitive, very rapid, extremely simple assay to determine acetylcholinesterase activity in RBC’s, using the natural substrate, acetylcholine. Additionally, by using specific inhibitors, the kit can be used to detect AChE activity in a variety of samples. A series of coupled enzyme reactions quickly translates the presence of active AChE into a change in the fluorescence of a quenched detection reagent. AChE + ATP + H20 + coupled enzyme reaction + quenched dye —-> Fluorescent Dye (Ex:530-570nm Time=10 min Dilution Volume used ug protein/well RFU * RBC 1:1000 10uL 5 3450 RBC no Ach 1:1000 10uL 5 152 Rat brain 1:500 10uL 20 5864 Rat brain no Ach 1:500 10uL 20 296 Saliva neat 10uL ND 925 Saliva no Ach neat 10uL ND 772 RBC-AChE mU/mL in well RFU SD RFU 167.000 9999 0.00 41.750 6375 121.70 10.438 1659 9.00 2.609 590 9.81 0.652 256 7.23 0.163 222 8.72 0 186 8.08 Readable Documents Title Name Protocol Protocol.pdf Datasheet Datasheet.pdf msds msds.pdf Kit contents and storage Part# Reagent Temperature Part# 3023 Component A: Detection Reagent Diluent, 5.5mL -20°C Part# 3024 Component B: Coupled Enzyme Reagent, 5.5mL -20°C Part# 4016 Component C: Detection Reagent, 1 Vial -20°C Part# 3011 Component D: 5X Reaction Buffer -20°C Part# 7012 Component E: Acetylcholine -20°C Part# 6020 Component E: Reg Blood Cell Acetylcholinesterase -20°C Politoff, A., Blitz, A., and Rose, S.: Incorporation of Acetylcholinesterase Into Synaptic Vesicles is Associated with Blockade of Synaptic Transmission, Nature 256, 324, 1975 Friedenberg, R., and Seligman, A.: Acetylcholinesterase at the Myoneural Junction: Cytochemical Ultrastructure and Some Biochemical Considerations, J Histochem Cytochem 20, 771, 1972 Nachmansohn, D.: Proteins in Excitable Membranes, Science 168, 1059, 1970. HA Berman and MM Decker Kinetic, equilibrium, and spectroscopic studies on dealkylation (“aging”) of alkyl organophosphonylacetylcholinesterase. Electrostatic control of enzyme topography. J. Biol. Chem., Aug 1986; 261: 10646-10652 . Arie Ordentlich et al. The Architecture of Human Acetylcholinesterase Active Center Probed by Interactions with Selected Organophosphate Inhibitors. J. Biol. Chem., May 1996; 271: 11953-11962. Levy R. Tetrahydroaminoacridine and Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet, 1987 Feb 7;1(8528):322. Bolognesi ML et al. Propidium-based polyamine ligands as potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase-induced amyloid-beta aggregation. J Med Chem. 2005 Jan 13;48(1):24-7. Schallreuter KU et al. Activation/deactivation of acetylcholinesterase by H2O2: more evidence for oxidative stress in vitiligo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 5;315(2):502-8. # Nigg HN, Knaak JB. Blood cholinesterases as human biomarkers of organophosphorus pesticide exposure. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 2000:163: p29-111. Title File Link Author(s) Journal Year; Edition:Pages Gonadal hormones modulate the potency of the disruptive effects of donepezil in male rats responding under a nonspatial operant learning and performance task http://journals.lww.com/behaviouralpharm/Abstract/publishahead/Gonadal_hormones_modulate_the_potency_of_the.99913.aspx Leonard, Stuart T.; Hearn, John K.; Catling, Andrew D.; Winsauer, Peter J Behavioral Pharmacology Feb 2010 Acetylcholinesterase, a key prognostic predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma, suppresses cell growth and induces chemosensitization http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.24079/full Yingjun Zhao, Xiaoying Wang, Tao Wang, Xin Hu, Xin Hui, Mingxia Yan, Qiang Gao, Taoyang Chen, Jinjun Li, Ming Yao, Dafang Wan, Jianren Gu, Jia Fan, Xianghuo He Hepatology Vol 53, Issue 2, pp 493–503, February 2011-DOI: 10.1002/hep.24079
Most sexual harassment cases involve one of two kinds of claims Sexual harassment depends on the perception of the person experiencing mistreatment or harassment. Given that different people bring different values to the discussion about workplace harassment, some people will wrongfully claim that it is impossible to define sexual harassment. As a general rule, in order for someone’s behavior to constitute sexual harassment in the workplace, it must conform to one of two inappropriate standards of behavior. Quid pro quo harassment involves the unfair use of workplace power Anyone who leverages their position or the work position of someone else in order to solicit romantic or sexual favors from another person potentially engages in quid pro quo sexual harassment. Quid pro quo means this for that, and it generally involves a supervisor, customer or co-worker offering some kind of workplace benefit for a date or sexual interaction. Simply asking someone out for a date or expressing romantic interest does not constitute quid pro quo harassment. Leveraging someone’s income or threatening them with the loss of a promotion or a job if they do not accede to demands likely does. Harassment often involves the creation of a hostile workplace Not all sexual harassment involves one person trying to solicit someone else into engaging in behavior they likely would not if that person didn’t have some kind of authority over them. Sexual harassment can also look like jokes, comments and abuse that targets someone because of their gender or sexuality. Hostile workplace claims can stem from the behavior of members of the opposite sex or the same sex. What matters is that the behavior creates a workplace where one person doesn’t feel safe or can’t fully assert themselves because of the inappropriate actions or words of others. Badge Nycla Badge Nysba Badge Nycb Badge Nela
Ticonderoga 250th Real Time Revolution Ticonderoga will commemorate the 250th anniversary of the American Revolution as the conflict that shaped our nation. To serve our mission of preservation and education, Ticonderoga will explore the individuals, alliances, triumphs, and challenges of the long war to achieve American independence and their lasting impact on the United States and the world. The American Revolution reshaped the world, creating new political borders across North America and initiating an age of revolution on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. In 2026, the United States will celebrate 250 years of existence as a sovereign nation dedicated to the idea that “that all men are created equal” and are entitled to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” But central to this ideal, was a long war of independence to achieve those rights. Even before nationhood was a declared goal of the conflict, American colonists took up arms and open hostilities exploded across the continent. The ensuing war lasted eight years, drawing in imperial powers from across the Atlantic, Native American nations from across the continent, and expanded to the Caribbean, Africa, Europe, and Asia. The war was a deeply personal experience. The conflict forced neighbors to choose sides, tore communities apart through a vicious civil war, and forever shaped the future of North America. The Revolutionary War was one of the longest in American history and tested the morale, allegiance, and commitment of people from all walks of life. Fort Ticonderoga will use its world-class collections, landscape, and history to examine the reality of the Revolutionary War during America’s 250th anniversary. Fort Ticonderoga’s programming will follow the Revolution in real-time. Between 2024 and 2027, Fort Ticonderoga’s unique and innovative interpretive program will portray the soldiers and civilians stationed here 250 years ago. Following the path from peace to war, and its evolution from a struggle for rights within an empire to an armed independence movement, we will show that independence was achieved by the choices and actions of individual men and women across America. The museum will increase access to and awareness of Fort Ticonderoga’s Revolutionary-era history through exhibitions, publications, and the expansion of our Center for Digital History, as well as strengthen our collections and historical resources. We will expand educational impact by engaging with students of all levels in digital and in-person programs and seminars, and bridge boundaries across the United States and beyond by fostering research and engagement to better refine our understanding of the long struggle for independence.
50 Years of Special Treatment for Cubans cuba_car_boat_rotator_680x450Today marks the 50th anniversary of the Cuban Adjustment Act, a Cold War-era law that provides immigration benefits to Cuban migrants not offered to citizens of any other country. Specifically, the Cuban Adjustment Act (CAA) allows Cuban citizens or nationals who reach the United States, regardless of whether they have done so legally or illegally, to remain and adjust to permanent resident status after one year. According to the “wet foot/dry foot” policy, which was adopted as part of a 1995 revision of the CAA, all Cubans intercepted at sea en route to the U.S. are repatriated (“wet feet”), while those who step on American soil (“dry feet”) are eligible for preferential treatment. In addition, under the Refugee Education Assistance Act, Cubans are the only immigrant group with immediate access to federal benefits because they are presumed to be refugees. Several months ago, a group of Latin American foreign ministers sent a letter to Secretary of State John Kerry urging the United States to end special immigration policies for Cubans. The letter was a joint initiative by nine Latin American countries including Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru. The foreign ministers expressed concern about the negative effects of U.S. immigration policies across the region. “The 1966 U.S. Public Law 89-732, known as the ‘Cuban Adjustment Act’, and the policy commonly known as ‘wet foot/dry foot’ have encouraged a disorderly, irregular and unsafe flow of Cubans who, risking their lives, pass through our countries in order to reach the U.S.,” the letter reads. They go on to add that these policies have created a serious humanitarian crisis for Cuban nationals seeking to reach the United States. “These people, often facing situations of extreme vulnerability, fall victim to mafias dedicated to people trafficking, sexual exploitation and collective assaults. This situation has generated a migratory crisis that is affecting our countries.” The foreign ministers’ concerns are not unfounded. As relations between the United States and Cuba continue to normalize, a feared end to the special immigration status and generous benefits bestowed on Cubans is driving a new wave of illegal Cuban migration. According to U.S. Customs and Border Protection statistics compiled by the Pew Research Center, 43,159 Cubans entered the United States in Fiscal Year 2015, an amount nearly double that of the previous year. The influx shows no signs of slowing, as 46,635 Cubans entered the country in the first ten months of Fiscal Year 2016 – already surpassing full Fiscal Year 2015’s total. After acknowledging receipt of the letter, the Obama administration made it clear that it does not plan on changing the migratory status of Cubans even though diplomatic relations are being reestablished with the island nation. “We continue to encourage all countries to respect the human rights of migrants and asylum seekers, and to ensure that they are treated humanely,” State Department spokesman John Kirby told reporters. “The Cuban Adjustment Act remains in place and ‘wet foot, dry foot’ remains U.S. policy regarding Cuban migration.” Even though the administration is uninterested, there is a bipartisan effort in Congress to reform the Cuban immigration policies that are unfair relics of a bygone era. Congressmen Henry Cuellar (D-Texas) and Blake Farenthold (R-Texas) have introduced legislation to ensure that Cubans are treated under the same immigration policies as citizens of other counties with which the United States has diplomatic relations. Their legislation, H.R. 4847, the Correcting Unfair Benefits for Aliens (CUBA) Act of 2016, does the following: Repeals the Cuban Adjustment Act The bill repeals the Cuban Adjustment Act and subsequent “wet foot/dry foot” policy. The Cold War-era Cuban Adjustment Act allows Cuban citizens or nationals who reach the United States, regardless of whether they have done so legally or illegally, to remain and adjust to permanent resident status after one year. Defunds the Cuban Family Reunification Parole Program The bill prevents the use of funds to implement or administer the Cuban Family Reunification Parole Program (CFRP). Created by a policy memorandum in 2007, the CFRP allows eligible U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents to apply for parole for their family members in Cuba. Once in the United States, CFRP beneficiaries may apply for work authorization while they wait to apply for lawful permanent resident status. Ends Abuse of Refugee Resettlement Benefits by Cubans To address rampant abuse of taxpayer dollars, the bill amends the Refugee Education Assistance Act, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, and the Immigration and Nationality Act to terminate the automatic eligibility for federal benefits for Cuban nationals under the Refugee Resettlement Program. Requires a Social Security Administration OIG Report Since many people are living in Cuba and still collecting federal benefits such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI), the bill would require the Social Security Administration Officer of the Inspector General to submit a report to Congress on how it is enforcing the regulatory provision that prevents anyone from collecting SSI benefits while living abroad. While this legislation does not address repatriation of criminal aliens or the annual allocation of visas, it effectively addresses the most egregious policies that provide immediate amnesty to Cubans and rob American taxpayers of billions. Enactment of this legislation would stop the influx of Cubans at the southern border by eliminating outdated policies that incentivize migration, save billions of dollars, and restore a level playing field for those who seek to enter the country. For these reasons, FAIR strongly urges passage of the CUBA Act. A complete bill summary can be found here. About Author 1. avatar Time to repal all benefits for anyone not a US citizen. It’s basic stuff. VALID refugees should have maybe a year’s worth of something then Zero. Or a ticket home. 2. avatar 3. avatar One of the dumbest laws to ever be made by Congress and it should have been repealed. Now we have travel and trade emerging with the law still in place!!!………Treat Cubans like all other illegal aliens that come illegally…… 4. avatar The media constantly claims that “immigrants don’t commit crimes”. Last year the South Florida Sun Sentinel ran two multi day series on Cubans in the state. The amount of economic crimes is staggeringly high. Over 70% of both cargo theft and healthcare fraud committed in the state is by those born in Cuba. And many of them flee back to Cuba where this president’s good pals the Castro Brothers refuse to extradite them. As usual he gives away the store and gets zero in return. Cubans also receive billions in government benefits. Many elderly come here to “visit” and subsequently stay, and we give them SSI and medical benefits. The real problem is they vote in large numbers and Florida is the largest swing state so politicians cater to them. Hillary is running some ad about Latinos being “willing to fight” in this election. Too bad they can’t fight in their own countries. Instead they run here because of their own countries failures. There’s nothing particularly “brave” about going to a country where politicians fall all over you to reward you for your lawbreaking. What a lot of media is also ignoring in this election is the fact that there are several investigations by the FBI on pay for play concerning the Clinton Foundation. And it’s not just the “foundation”. Both of the Clintons have also profited personally by their “speeches” to various groups. This is a mixture of political power and personal gain unprecedented in our history.
Over 27% of Seniors Reported Falling Over One Year Period Advice For Seniors seniors holding hands together across the street Featured Image Credit: pasja1000 / Pixabay Falls pose a significant health risk to seniors, and can sometimes result in injury or even death. Falling is more common among older adults than many people realize. A study reported by the CDC and conducted in 2018 concluded that 27.5 percent of seniors over the age of 65 reported falling over the prior year. This means that over a quarter of senior citizens have experienced a fall, and adds up to 35.6 million falls in a year. This study also found that 10.2 percent of adults who had fallen experienced a fall-related injury. This adds up to 8.4 million injuries in the year. These injuries can be very serious and in rare cases result in death. Some of the most common injuries related to falling include broken bones, head trauma, and injuries to the spine and pelvis. Why is falling so dangerous? Older adults are physically more fragile than their younger counterparts, which means that falling can be incredibly dangerous. Seniors are more likely to suffer from osteoporosis or other bone issues, which means that a fall is more likely to result in a broken bone. Damage to the hips and pelvis as the result of a fall is very common. Muscle damage, such as sprains, strains, and bruising, can also be very dangerous for seniors. Many falls result in serious complications that require surgery. Seniors take much longer to recover from surgery than younger people, and are also more likely to experience complications as a result of medical procedures or medications. Because of these increased risk factors, it’s very important for seniors to take steps to prevent themselves from falling. How can seniors prevent falls? There are a number of different reasons why seniors are more likely to experience a dangerous fall. Seniors often lose their eyesight, which makes it more difficult for them to avoid obstacles. It’s also very common for seniors to have impaired neurological function or muscle control, which increases the chances of tripping and falling. There are many things that seniors and their loved ones can do to prevent falls. The easiest way to do this is by keeping your home clean and safe. Remove any clutter from the floors, make sure hallways are well-lit, and use non-slip floor material. Installing hand rails can also make the space safer and more comfortable for older adults. Wearing shoes at home and avoiding baggy pants can also make seniors less likely to trip and fall. Fall detection devices, like smart watches and pendants, can also be lifesavers in the event that you do fall. These devices use devices like accelerometers to determine if you’ve fallen and contact the appropriate emergency response teams. The increased response time can make all the difference when it comes to saving someone’s life. Falling is more common among seniors than you might think. Taking steps to prevent falls is key to avoiding serious injuries like bone fractures and head trauma.
Paphos (Pafos) lies on the South-Western part of Cyprus, and is the legendary birth place of the Greek goddess of love and beauty, Aphrodite. The city itself was established in 1400 BC by King Kinyras. The port itself was built by Nicocles, the very last king, around the time of the Alexandrian Empire. It used to be bet capital of Cyprus, during the Greek Empire, and the Ptolemies also liked the place as it was extremely close to Alexandria, The city of Paphos always had a strategic importance. In the Roman era Pafos had its own provincial governor. Sergius Paulus was one of them, and Apostle Paul managed to make him take on Christianity. You can find many catacombs from this period in Pafos. The invasions of different empires shook Paphos and Cyprus in general, but did not manage to break its independence. Despite the earthquake that left the city in ruins, in the 4th Century, it still remained a charming town, and its residents rebuilt its monuments. After the Arab raids in the 9th Century, Paphos lost its importance, and Nicosia became the administrative centre and capital of Cyprus. Because of the vulnerability of the city, the capital had to be moved into the centre of the island. The decline of Paphos continued in the mediaeval period and under the Ottoman period, and other ports managed to gain importance over Pafos. During the time of Cyprus being a British colony, many of the residents moved out of Paphos to Limassol and Nicosia. Until 1974 the development of Pafos stalled, until the local government made some plans to improve the infrastructure of the area. By current times, Pafos has grown into a popular holiday destination and one of the best resorts of the Mediterranean. The modern Paphos consists of two quarters: Ktima – the sea terrace and Kato Paphos -built on the remains of the mediaeval ruins and remains. This is where you can find the luxury hotels, resorts, bars and the greatest restaurants of Cyprus.
Discussion – Discussion – How NLP is going to change the face of Digital Marketing Just years ago someone came up with the idea of a robot to understand human speech and text. It was a delusion that could only be found in the paragraphs of science fiction books or themes in movies. Very well known as NLP or Natural Language Processing, the concept of a computer understanding human text and speech is now no longer fictitious. It is not an easy task to achieve. Earlier there is the difficulty of speech of human in a concise manner so that a machine can recognize. Secondly, the problem of words that sound the same, but have diverse meanings such way and weigh, hair and hare, weight and wait, and so on. How Natural Language Processing works Processing the word or spoken relies heavily on Big Data analysis, big amounts of structured, unstructured and semi-structured data that can be mined for useful information. Computers can quickly go through the raw data, analyze it, and find pattern and trends. Primarily, NLP relied on basic rules where machines using algorithms were told what phrases and words to look for in text and then taught specific responses when the phrases appeared. It has evolved into deep learning, a flexible, more automatic method in which algorithms are used to teach a machine to identify a speaker’s intent from a series of examples. In the evolution of NLP, algorithms have been historically bad at interpreting. However, now with improvements in deep learning and Artificial Intelligence, algorithms can now successfully interpret. If you own a Google Home or an Amazon Echo, then you are interacting with artificial intelligence and Natural Language Processing. In addition, it is already being used in all sorts of business applications including manufacturing, digital marketing customer relations, human resources, business analytics, and healthcare. Natural language processing is the part of the computer science and artificial intelligence, in which it is researched how to interact with humans as well as computers. This computer shows the ability to understand human language. Under this, the person’s language is automatically understood by the computer with the help of any software. Research has been ongoing in this area for the past 50 years. As the computer grew, the study started in depth. For Example: If you open a website, then there is an option for an online assistant who works automatically on any website. It works only on the basis of the natural language processing process. NLP is used to analyze human language through which machines understand the language of human beings. Due to the establishment of a conversation situation between man and computer, many things have benefited, such as automatic text summarization, centimeter analysis, subject analysis, relationship extract, the entity’s name Identity and so on Apart from this, the use of text mining feedback, machine translation, also in question-answer session is also in use. NLP and Artificial Intelligence According to the modern approach, Natural Language Processing works on the basis of Deep Learning which is based on Artificial Intelligence. Here, various data patterns are used to understand a program. The data collected under this reaction is prepared to identify according to the relevant conventions. In the first NLP response, a role-based approach was adopted in which the machine learning format was taken. A lot of words and phrases were interpreted by machine-based algorithms. If a user used those words, the machine was trained to give a specific response. In the Deep Learning Methods of the NLP, the algorithm is trained to identify the user’s intentions on the basis of examples. This response has an easy-to-operate and intuitive approach. NLP in Digital Marketing Science fiction is fairly accurate if you start listing the technological predictions in sci-fi movies that have actually turned into household stuff today. The common trait in all these tech predictions is an aspiration to make machines more human-like. With Siri and Alexa talking their way into our lives, we are conversing with machines that have AI capabilities and give a more intelligent answer every time. Artificial Intelligence is helping computers understand one of the most complex communication hurdles for scientists, understanding the human voice and its countless semantics, social context, dialects, and meanings. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of AI that studies computers learning and interpreting in our natural language. NLP is seen as a market worth 16.07 billion USD by 2021. But the big question is why are enterprises betting their money on NLP to enhance their digital marketing strategies? NLP’s traditional applications were in defense and crime investigation. Today, we use it to convert text to speech. Your email is equipped with spam filters capable of understanding the subject headings and filtering them out. But that’s not all. NLP is a magical looking glass that can let marketers analyze customer content to extract qualitative customer insights. Imagine you are conversing with your friend about a drone you bought and AI accurately predicts your sentiment towards the drone. Just by listening to or reading your comments. NLP is a powerful tool to see customer data in a new light. NLP and Machine Learning are technologies that have the potential to disrupt the landscape in business intelligence, marketing, e-commerce and enterprise information systems overall. In order to fully realize the advantages of using NLP, there needs to be an interaction between these systems and other components of the enterprise. For example, a social prospecting solution is useful if it is connected to a CRM database, allowing the company to augment information on existing customers, and prospective customers. Similarly, NLP should be a key component in digital marketing platforms offering capabilities such as personalized email, recommendation, and mobile apps. New advances in NLP such as the incorporation of deep learning are increasing both the accuracy and breadth of capabilities of NLP. We are moving to an era where critical business decisions and marketing will rely increasingly on unstructured data. By leveraging this till now a largely unexploited treasure trove of data, organizations will be better poised to react in real-time and more importantly, be proactive about their strategy. 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Most people know that proteins are good for muscle growth and recovery, but do you know how much protein you need exactly? We did some research and give answer to this common question. What does research say about the amount of protein intake? Whey protein for athletesSeveral studies show that athletes who perform strength training, need approximately 1.7 to 2 grams of protein per kilogram of body mass. Non athletes only need 0.8 grams of protein per kg of body-weight. So when you regularly perform strength training and weight 85 kilogram, then you should eat approximately 85 x 1.8 = 153 grams of protein each day. For best results you should not eat this amount all in once, but spread the intake throughout the day. So make sure you eat some protein during breakfast, lunch and mealtime. What if I eat too much protein? protein street workoutYour muscles cannot process more than 2.4 grams of protein per kg body-weight. Eating more protein will only count for extra calories, but it won’t help you grow any more muscles. In fact research found some negative effects of eating too much protein: One study found a correlation between protein intake and a lower production of testosterone. Testosterone is an important hormone for muscle growth. So that means eating too much protein could have a negative effect on your testosterone levels and muscle growth. When you eat too much protein and too little carbohydrates, then your body will produce certain acids. This will have a negative effect on your performance. Based on research we can conclude that eating between 1.7 and 2 grams of protein per kg of body-weight is enough for muscle growth. There is no need to eat more protein each day. In fact eating too much protein could lead to lower testosterone levels and acidification of the body. Sallinen, J., e.a. (2004). Relationship between diet and serium anabolic hormone respones to heavy-restiance exercise in men. Internation Journal Sports Medicine. 25 (8) 727-633. Tarnopolsky, M.A., Atkinson, S.A. ,MacDougall, J.D. & et al (1992). Evaluation of proteinrequirements for trained strength athletes. Journal of AppliedPhysiology 73, 1986-95.
24.9 Reed-Solomon Codes – Introduction to Cryptography with Coding Theory, 3rd Edition 24.9 Reed-Solomon Codes The Reed-Solomon codes, constructed in 1960, are an example of BCH codes. Because they work well for certain types of errors, they have been used in spacecraft communications and in compact discs. Let F be a finite field with q elements and let n=q1. A basic fact from the theory of finite fields is that F contains a primitive nth root of unity α. Choose d with 1d<n and let This is a polynomial with coefficients in F. It generates a BCH code C over F of length n, called a Reed-Solomon code. Since g(α)==g(αd1)=0, the BCH bound implies that the minimum distance for C is at least d. Since g(X) is a polynomial of degree d1, it has at most d nonzero coefficients. Therefore, the codeword corresponding to the coefficients of g(X) is a codeword of weight at most d. It follows that the minimum weight for C is exactly d. The dimension of C is ndeg(g)=n+1d. Therefore, a Reed-Solomon code is a cyclic [n, n+1d, d] code. The codewords in C correspond to the polynomials g(X)f(X) with deg(f)nd. There are qnd+1 such polynomials f(X) since there are q choices for each of the nd+1 coefficients of f(X), and thus there are qnd+1 codewords in C. Therefore, a Reed-Solomon code is a MDS code, namely, one that makes the Singleton bound (Section 24.3) an equality. Let F=Z7={0, 1, 2, , 6}, the integers mod 7. Then q=7 and n=q1=6. A primitive sixth root of unity α in F is the same as a primitive root mod 7 (see Section 3.7). We may take α=3. Choose d=4. Then The code has generating matrix There are 73=343 codewords in the code, obtained by taking all linear combinations mod 7 of the three rows of G. The minimum weight of the code is 4. Let F=GF(4)={0, 1, ω, ω2}, which was introduced in Section 3.11. Then F has 4 elements, n=q1=3, and α=ω. Choose d=2, so The matrix is a generating matrix for the code. The code contains all 16 linear combinations of the two rows of G, for example, ω(ω, 1, 0)+1(0, ω, 1)=(ω2, 0, 1). The minimum weight of the code is 2. In many applications, errors are not randomly distributed. Instead, they occur in bursts. For example, in a CD, a scratch introduces errors in many adjacent bits. A burst of solar energy could have a similar effect on communications from a spacecraft. Reed-Solomon codes are useful in such situations. For example, suppose we take F=GF(28). The elements of F are represented as bytes of eight bits each, as in Section 3.11. We have n=281=255. Let d=33. The codewords are then vectors consisting of 255 bytes. There are 222 information bytes and 33 check bytes. These codewords are sent as strings of 8×255=2040 binary bits. Disturbances in the transmission will corrupt some of these bits. However, in the case of bursts, these bits will often be in a small region of the transmitted string. If, for example, the corrupted bits all lie within a string of 121 (=15×8+1) consecutive bits, there can be errors in at most 16 bytes. Therefore, these errors can be corrected (because 16<d/2). On the other hand, if there were 121 bit errors randomly distributed through the string of 2040 bits, numerous bytes would be corrupted, and correct decoding would not be possible. Therefore, the choice of code depends on the type of errors that are expected.
Increasing CO2 Raises Global Temperature Or Does Increase Temperature Raise CO2 On 24 July 2012 in a lecture at Sydney Institute, Professor Murray Salby clearly demonstrated the widely held belief, promoted by IPCC, is wrong. It is not rising CO2 which leads to increased global temperature. Increasing temperature leads to rising levels of CO2. More importantly this rise in level of CO2 is due to natural not human activity. This means all the effort and money being spent on reducing human CO2 emissions is waste of time and money. There is a link to video of the lecture at the end of this post but first a short summary. IPCC models show global temperature rising over the next 100 years like this. The models show the rise in temperature almost exactly matches the assumed rise in CO2. This should come as no surprise as it’s built into the models. But when we look at actual global temperatures compared to measured levels of CO2 this correlation between temperature and CO2 does not exist, certainly since 1997. It looks as though there may appear to be a correlation in the late 1980s possibly as far as 1997 but as people are taught repeatedly in statistics classes Correlation is not causation Correlation is not causation It could just have been a coincidence which lasted 5 to 15 years and projecting the same correlation will continue for the next 100 years is just silly. Especially when we can see there is no correlation over at least the last 15 years. The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere does not increase at a steady rate. For one thing there is a difference between winter and summer, as the following graph shows. The graph also shows some years there is a bigger increase and others hardly any at all. The following graph which shows the change in CO2 levels (rather than the levels directly) makes this much clearer. There are big swings in the amount of CO2 emitted. Taking the mean as 1.6 ppmv/year (at a guess) there are +/- swings of around 1.2 nearly +/- 100%. And, surprise surprise, the change in net emissions of CO2 is very strongly correlated with changes in global temperature. corTempChangeCo2EmissionThis clearly indicates the net amount of CO2 emitted in any one year is directly linked to global mean temperature in that year. For any given year the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere will be the sum of • all the net annual emissions of CO2 • in all previous years. For each year the net annual emission of CO2 is proportional to the annual global mean temperature. This means the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere will be related to the sum of temperatures in previous years. So CO2 levels are not directly related to the current temperature but the integral of temperature over previous years. The following graph again shows observed levels of CO2 and global temperatures but also has calculated levels of CO2 based on sum of previous years temperatures (dotted blue line). What you have just read is enough to kill the CO2 is responsible for global warming claim stone dead. But there’s more. The following graphs shows the discrepancy between models and observations of incoming visible (Short Wave) light and outgoing infrared radiation (Long Wave). The discrepancy is about 30 wm-2 for incoming SW and 20 wm-2 for LW. But the amount of warming IPCC attribute to CO2 is 4wm-2 In other words the claimed CO2 affect is swamped by discrepancies an order of magnitude larger! I strongly urge you to watch Professor Salby’s 2012 lecture to Sydney Institute. Hat tip to The Hockey Schtick for providing the link. Why not watch Professor Salby’s 2011 lecture to Sydney Institute. This entry was posted in Climate Change, Temperature and tagged , , , . Bookmark the permalink. 4 Responses to Increasing CO2 Raises Global Temperature Or Does Increase Temperature Raise CO2 Leave a Reply Anti-Spam Quiz: CommentLuv badge
Press "Enter" to skip to content Felix J. Lupinski, WWII Veteran Felix Lupinski Military Excellence display case (Image captured by Micheal Lupinski) Scouts in World War II were crucial members of the effort, allowing platoons to get a visual size on potential adversaries on the battlefield. Felix Lupinski was a volunteer, who’s patience and skills were recognized in the short span that a troop was trained through and was held to be a scout. The Journey that Felix experienced in this war is nothing short of interesting. Training and Expectations The year is 1941, the third year of the war is still in progression, and although the U.S. hasn’t quite declared its place in this war, it was soon going to. On August 29th Felix Lupinski took a ride from his small town of Lincoln Park to Detroit, Michigan, where he Enrolled and was then shipped to basic training for the U.S. Army. Felix was greeted with the standard training infantry men see when they come to fulfill their role in the United States Army. It was during this time that Felix’s Superiors saw his skills with a rifle, his intelligence. keen eye, and patience on the training field. Another aspect that they also noticed was that, with Felix weighed roughly 155 pounds when he enlisted, his body type would be better equipped with remaining out of enemy sight. With this recognition, the choice was made to keep Felix behind for extended scout training. Within this training Felix was to become better versed in the duty and mindset that a scout of this era was to have to fill the role. A scout should present excellence in more than one way; reliant, persevering, and patients are all vital aspects that a scout should present for making a good scout. The main purpose of a scout is exactly how it sounds: scouting out the enemy lines and positions for a measure of what was in store for the platoon that was about to engage in combat. This means that it is vital that a scout maintains the element of stealth on the battlefield for his best chance at success; having the ability to use his grounds and cover as an effective means of camouflage is key, as well as accurately obtaining information to report. The important aspects of observation can be summed into the simple acronym ‘SALUTE’, which breaks into: Size; the size of the enemy force, Activity; the movement and actions that the enemy force is enacting in, Location; what is the enemy position and what possible landmarks are there that give any advantages/disadvantages on the battlefield, Unit; pertaining to the composition and type of troops observed, Time; the time of day when the enemy was spotted, and Equipment; the load out of the enemy, pertaining to things like machine gun nests and artillery. [2] Equipment and special knowledge of a scout While a scout was loaded with the same rifle and held most of the same equipment as infantry, there was special equipment a scout was to have. Stealth is a major player in this role, so a scout was to have non-reflective clothes in the day as to never be easily spotted, usually a form of camouflage to blend with surroundings. Sometimes, this called for the scouts to find means of camouflage, using given materials. When night scouting, the loadout should be changed so that the scout is warm and not affect how the scout moves. They usually would wear wool garments for warmth, but if the wool was torn it wouldn’t be terribly loud. The scout also needed special mapping equipment, as they were expected to relay their information to such a degree of accuracy. They usually had forms they would fill out with information about their observations.They were almost always equipped with a compass, however if they did not, they could use a pocket watch and the time of day to orientate their direction or use the North star and a few other smaller stars to get an accurate orientation.. Military Service and Experience Interestingly, and something Felix never disclosed, the United States has him listed to be born in 1917, when he was born in 1924. His correct last name is also Lupinski, but the military has him listed as Lipinski. [4] Whether this was in fact intended by Felix to be able to enlist early into the military (this would make him 24 when he enlisted) or not, is information that can only be known by Felix, as he hadn’t disclosed this information with anyone. Regardless, for a 17-year-old boy, the information that a scout was to take on can be none short of overwhelming, and the discipline to execute the position was twice-fold in importance. Felix accepted his role and proceeded through training and was put into action. Serving his integral part within his platoon. He had gone the following three years without incident, having a role in the Normandy Invasion. On June 16th, 1944, ten days after the initial Invasion, Felix was in the countryside with his Platoon when his training was requested to clear a field. Of course, going from 17-years-old to 20-years-old, spending most of his time in military service, Felix could’ve been said to have gotten less mentally equipped for his position, as factors such as missing home could affect him. When clearing the field, Felix was forwarding his position in prone, when machine-gun fire started raining around his position. He made the mistake of rolling onto his right shoulder, exposing the left side of his body to the enemy when a bullet entered his abdomen and exited out of his back. The bullet missed all vital organs, and Felix was able to roll onto his back, just inches under the line of fire that just hit him. If he was to raise his body at all, he risks having another bullet skimming or doing worse damage to him. Unfortunately, he landed on his med-pack and to get it meant facing that risk. So, laying on his back, using his hands to keep himself from bleeding, there wasn’t much to be done. Felix’s captain had informed him that if such a thing was to happen to him, they would make their way to his position and get him out of the conflict. Executing on his promise, his captain pushed to retrieve Felix. After a couple hours of fighting, his platoon made it to his position, retrieved him and made an ample exit out of the conflict. His Captain and Lieutenant both got shot in this endeavor, but fortunately both made it out and were able to survive.[1] This conflict earned Felix his purple heart medallion for being wounded in combat, seen in the display case in the commemorated for his military service. Following this injury, Felix spent some time in the hospital before going back into the service, and when released he remained in service until the end of the war. Final Endeavors of Service Fortunately, Felix was not injured in combat for the remainder of his time in the military, however his platoon had seen a shortage of food that lasted almost 20 days. Felix went from being his normal 155 pounds to losing roughly 35 pounds and weighing at just 120 pounds. This was the real final hardship Felix had to face with the military, however due to his extreme weight loss the military refused to clear him for release and made him put the weight he lost back on. He ate as much as he could in hopes of being released, and he eventually put the weight back on and was cleared. On the day that Felix walked away from the military, he had waited some while for his father to come along and take him home. With this never happening, he got along walking back to Lincoln park, where he found his father in a bar, and proceeded to help him home. [1] Life following the military After the military, Felix had proceeded to live out a long life, having children and then seeing grandchildren. When the children would ask about his scars, he would tell them that it was a second belly button and didn’t share his stories until he saw this information fit to share with his grandchildren. In 2019, Felix had past at the age of 95, he served his country with dignity, and his role as an infantryman specialized in scouting will always be a part of the United States history of World War Two. Primary Sources: 1. Lupinski, Kory “Encounters with the history of my grandfather” 2. Scouting, Patrolling and Sniping, 1944. U.S. G.P.O., 1944., Secondary Sources: 3. “Felix J. Lupinski – View Obituary & Service Information.” Felix J. Lupinski Obituary, 4. National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives and Records Administration, 5. “About the Military Order of the Purple Heart.” The Military Order of the Purple Heart, 6. Stephens, Chris. “The Experiences of Infantry Scouts-From an Infantry Scout.” The Balance Careers, The Balance Careers, 5 Apr. 2019, 7. Keegan, John. “Normandy Invasion.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., Further Reading: 8. Training of the American Soldier During World War I and World War II , Spickelmier, Roger K ,05 June 1987. 9. “Research Starters: The Draft and World War II: The National WWII Museum: New Orleans.” The National WWII Museum \| New Orleans, 10. “About.” Media,
List of Greek mythological creatures A host of legendary creatures, animals and mythic humanoids occur in ancient Greek mythology. · 1Mythological creatures · 2Animals from Greek mythology · 3Dragons o 3.1Drakons o 3.2Cetea o 3.3Dracaenae · 4Automatons · 5Mythic humanoids · 6Deified human beings · 7See also · 8References · 9Sources Mythological creatures[edit] · Aeternae, creatures which killed with bony, saw-toothed protuberances sprouting from their heads. · Asterius or Aster, a giant. · Athos, a giant. · Alcyoneus, a giant. · Almops, a giant, son of the god Poseidon and the half-nymph Helle. · Amphisbaena, a serpent with a head at each end · Arachne, half-spider half-female, the mother of all spiders. She was transformed into this state by Athena after challenging her to a weaving contest. · Arae, female daemons of curses, particularly of the curses placed by the dead upon those guilty of their death, called forth from the underworld. · Argus or Argus Panoptes, a hundred-eyed giant. · Azeus, a giant. · Briares, a hundred-handed · Catoblepas, buffalo-like creature with shaggy fur, large horns and a heavy head whose toxic breath or ugly looks could kill. · Centaur and Kentauride, creature with a head and torso of a human and the body of a horse. o Typical Centaurs § Agrius, one of the Centaurs who fought with Hercules. § Amycus, one of the Centaurs who fought at the Centauromachy. § Asbolus, a centaur. He was a seer, or an auger: a diviner who read omens in the flight of birds. § Bienor, one of the Centaurs who fought at the Centauromachy. § Centaurus, father of the centaurs. § Chiron, the eldest and wisest of the centaurs. The ancient trainer of heroes such as Achilles. § Chthonius, a Centaur who was killed by Nestor at the wedding of Pirithous and Hippodamia. § Cyllarus, one of the Centaurs who fought at the Centauromachy. § Dictys, one of the Centaurs who fought at the Centauromachy. § Eurytus, a Centaur present at the wedding of Pirithous and Hippodamia, who caused the conflict between the Lapiths and the Centaurs by trying to carry the bride off. § Eurynomos, one of the Centaurs who fought against the Lapiths at the wedding of Hippodamia. § Elatus, a Centaur killed by Heracles. § Eurytion, two different Centaurs bearing the same name. § Hylaeus, a centaur who tried to rape Atalanta. She killed him. § Hylonome, a Centauride, wife of Cyllarus. § Nessus, famous centaur, killed by Heracles § Perimedes, one of the Centaurs who fought at the Centauromachy. § Phólos, a centaur. § Pholus, a wise centaur and friend of Heracles. § Rhoetus, a centaur who fought and killed at the Centauromachy. § Thaumas, a centaur. § Rhaecus, a centaur who tried to rape Atalanta. She killed him. o Cyprian Centaurs, bull-horned centaurs native to the island of Cyprus. o Lamian Centaurs or Lamian Pheres, twelve rustic spirits of the Lamos river. They were set by Zeus to guard the infant Dionysos, protecting him from the machinations of Hera but the enraged goddess transformed them into ox-horned Centaurs. They accompanied Dionysos in his campaign against the Indians. § Aescaus § Amphithemis § Ceteus § Eurybios § Faunus § Gleneus § Nomeon § Orthaon § Petraeus § Phanes § Riphonus § Spargeus o Winged Centaurs · Cerastes, spineless serpents with a set of ram-like horns on their heads. · Cetus or Ceto, sea monsters. · Ceuthonymus, daemon of the underworld. Father of Menoetius. · Charon, the ferryman of Hades. · Charybdis, a sea monster whose inhalations formed a deadly whirlpool or a huge water mouth. · Chimera, a fire-breathing three-headed monster with one head of a lion, one of a snake, and another of a goat, lion claws in front and goat legs behind, and a long snake tail. · Chthonius, a giant. · Crocotta or Cynolycus, creature with the body of a stag, a lion's neck, cloven hooves, and a wide mouth with a sharp, bony ridge in place of teeth. It imitates the human voice, calls men by name at night, and devours those who approach it. It is as brave as a lion, as swift as a horse, and as strong as a bull. It cannot be overcome by any weapon of steel. · Cyclops (plural Cyclopes), a race of one-eyed giants. o Arges, one of the children of Gaia and Uranus. Uranus locked him in Tartarus. o Brontes, one of the children of Gaia and Uranus. Uranus locked him in Tartarus. o Steropes, one of the children of Gaia and Uranus. Uranus locked him in Tartarus. o Polyphemus, son of Poseidon, who was outwitted and blinded by Odysseus. o Assistants of the god Hephaestus at his workshops. · Daemons · Daemones Ceramici, five malevolent spirits who plagued the craftsman potter o Syntribos o Smaragos o Asbetos o Sabaktes o Omodamos · Damysus, the fastest of the giants · Diomedes of Thrace, was a giant, the son of Ares and Cyrene · Dryad, tree spirits that look similar to women. · Echion, a giant. · Eidolon, spirit-image of a living or dead person; a shade or phantom look-alike of the human form. · Empusa, a beautiful demigodess, with flaming hair and with one brass leg and the other one a donkey leg, who preyed on human blood and flesh. · Eurynomos, the netherworld daemon of rotting corpses dwelling in the Underworld. · Eurytus, a giant. · Enceladus or Enkelados, a giant who battled Athena in the war against the gods. · Erinyes (Furies), the goddesses of vengeance, who were the offspring of Gaia born from the blood shed when Cronus castrated his father Uranus. Their number is usually left indeterminate, though Virgil mentions that they were three: o Alecto o Megaera o Tisiphone · Ghosts, Shades, Spirits. · Gegenees, six-armed giants which were slain by the Argonauts. · Geryon, a giant: according to Hesiod, Geryon had one body and three heads, whereas the tradition followed by Aeschylus gave him three bodies. A lost description by Stesichorus said that he has six hands and six feet and is winged; there are some mid-sixth-century Chalcidian vases portraying Geryon as winged. Some accounts state that he had six legs as well, while others state that the three bodies were joined to one pair of legs. · Gigantes, were a race of great strength and aggression. Archaic and Classical representations show Gigantes as human in form. Later representations show Gigantes with snakes for legs. · Gorgons, female monsters depicted as having snakes on their head instead of hair, and sometimes described as having tusks, wings and brazen claws. o Medusa, whose gaze could turn anyone to stone. o Stheno, most murderous of the sisters. o Euryale, whose scream could kill. · Graeae, three old women with one tooth and one eye among them. o Deino o Enyo o Pemphredo · Griffin or Gryphon or Gryps or Grypes, a creature that combines the body of a lion and the head and wings of an eagle. · Hecatonchires, three giants of incredible strength and ferocity, each with a hundred arms; also called Centimanes. o Briareos or Aegaeon o Cottus o Gyges o Aello o Celaeno o Ocypete · Hippalectryon, a creature with the fore-parts of a rooster and the body of a horse. · Hippocampus, a creature with the upper body of a horse and the lower body of a fish. · Hippogriff, a creature with the front part of an eagle and hind legs and tail of a horse, symbols of Apollo. · Hydras o Lernaean Hydra, also known as King Hydra, a many-headed, serpent-like creature that guarded an Underworld entrance beneath Lake Lerna. It was destroyed by Heracles, in his second Labour. Son of Typhon and Echidna. · Ichthyocentaurs, a pair of marine centaurs with the upper bodies of men, the lower fronts of horses, and the tails of fish. o Aphros o Bythos · Ipotane, a race of half-horse, half-humans. The Ipotanes are considered the original version of the Centaurs. · Keres, spirit of violent or cruel death. o Achlys, who may have been numbered amongst the Keres. She was represented on the shield of Heracles. · Kobaloi, a sprite from Greek mythology, a mischievous creature fond of tricking and frightening mortals. · Laestrygonians or Laestrygones, a tribe of giant cannibals. o Antiphates, King of the Laestrygonians. · Lion-Headed Giants o Leon or Lion, killed by Herakles in the war against the gods. · Manticore or Androphagos, having the body of a red lion and a human head with three rows of sharp teeth. · Merpeople, humans with fish tail after torso (Mermaid as female, Merman as male). They lure adventurers to drown them. · Minotaur, a monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man; slain by Theseus. · Mimas, a giant. · Multi-headed Dogs o Cerberus (Hellhound), the three-headed giant hound that guarded the gates of the Underworld. o Orthrus, a two-headed dog, brother of Cerberus, slain by Heracles. · Odontotyrannos, a beast with black, horse-like head, with three horns protruding from its forehead, and exceeded the size of an elephant. · Onocentaur, part human, part donkey. It had the head and torso of a human with the body of a donkey. · Ophiotaurus (Bull-Serpent), a creature part bull and part serpent. · Orion, giant huntsman whom Zeus placed among the stars as the constellation of Orion. · Ouroboros, an immortal self-eating, circular being. The being is a serpent or a dragon curled into a circle or hoop, biting its own tail. · Pallas, a giant. · Panes, a tribe of nature-spirits which had the heads and torsos of men, the legs and tails of goats, goatish faces and goat-horns. · Periboea, a Giantess. Daughter of the king of the giants. · Philinnion, unwed maiden who died prematurely and returned from the tomb as the living dead to consort with a handsome youth named Makhates. When her mother discovered the girl she collapsed back into death and was burned by the terrified townsfolk beyond the town boundaries. · Phoenix, a golden-red fire bird of which only one could live at a time, but would burst into flames to rebirth from ashes as a new phoenix. · Polybotes, a giant. · Porphyrion, a giant, king of the giants. · Satyrs and Satyresses, creatures with human upper bodies, and the horns and hindquarters of a goat. Some were companions of Pan and Dionysus. o Ampelos o Agreus o Marsyas o Nomios o Silenus or Papposilenus, companion and tutor to the wine god Dionysus. · Scylla, once a nereid, transformed by Circe into a many-headed, tentacled monster who fed on passing sailors in the straits between herself and Charybdis. · Scythian Dracanae, upper body of a woman, lower body composed of two snake tails. · Sirens, bird-like women whose irresistible song lured sailors to their deaths. · Skolopendra, giant sea monster said to be the size of a Greek trireme. It has a crayfish-like tail, numerous legs along its body which it uses like oars to move and extremely long hairs that protrude from its nostrils. Child of Phorcys and Keto.[1] · Sorceresses o Circe o Medea o Pasiphaë · Spartae, a malevolent spirit born from violence. Argo crew member Jason fought alongside these creatures after discovering the dragon teeth could create these violent spirits. Spartae are normally depicted as a skeletal being with some form of a weapon and military attire. · Sphinx o Androsphinx or simply Sphinx, a creature with the head of a human and the body of a lion.[2] o Criosphinx, a creature with head of a ram and the body of a lion.[2] o Hieracosphinx, a creature with head of a hawk and the body of a lion.[2] · Stymphalian Birds, man-eating birds with beaks of bronze and sharp metallic feathers they could launch at their victims. · Taraxippi, ghosts that frightened horses. · Thoon, a giant. · Three-Bodied or Triple-Bodied Daemon, a winged monster with three human bodies ending in serpent-tails. · Tityos, a giant. · Triton, son of Poseidon and Amphitrite, half-man and half-fish. · Typhon or Typhoeus, an extremely savage and terrifying monster with snake-coils instead of limbs; father of several other monsters with his mate Echidna. · Unicorns or Monocerata, creatures as large as horses, or even larger with a large, pointed, spiraling horn projecting from their forehead. · Vampire Daemons/ Lamiai o Corinthian Lamia, a vampiric demon who seduced the handsome youth Menippos in the guise of a beautiful woman to consume his flesh and blood. o Empousa, seductive female vampire demons with fiery hair, a leg of bronze and a donkey's foot. They are especially good at ensnaring men with their beauty before devouring them. o Lamia, a vampiric demon who by voluptuous artifices attracted young men, in order to enjoy their fresh, youthful, and pure flesh and blood. o Mormo or Mormolyceae or Mormolyce, a vampiric creature which preyed on children. o Mormolykeia, female underworld Daemons, attendants of the goddess Hecate. · Werewolf or Lycanthrope. o Agriopas, he tasted the viscera of a human child, and was turned into a wolf for ten years. o Damarchus, a boxer from Parrhasia (Arcadia) who is said to have changed his shape into that of a wolf at the festival of Lykaia, he became a man again after ten years. o Lycaon, turned into a wolf by the gods as punishment for serving them his murdered son Nyctimus' flesh at a feast. · Winged Horses or Pterippi, winged pure white horses. o Pegasus, a divine winged stallion that is pure white, son of Medusa and Poseidon, brother of Chrysaor and father of winged horses. o Ethiopian Pegasus, winged, horned horses native to Ethiopia · Zombie/Revenant creatures [3] Animals from Greek mythology[edit] · Ants o Myrmekes, large ants that can range in size from small dogs to giant bears which guarded a hill that had rich deposits of gold. o Myrmidons, ants which transformed into humans. · Birds o Acanthis (Carduelis) o Alectryon (Rooster). Alectryon was a youth, charged by Ares to stand guard outside his door while the god indulged in illicit love with Aphrodite. He fell asleep, and Helios, the sun god, walked in on the couple. Ares turned Alectryon into a rooster, which never forgets to announce the arrival of the sun in the morning. o Autonous (Stone-curlew) o Birds of Ares or Ornithes Areioi, were a flock of feather-dart-dropping birds that guarded the Amazons' shrine of the god on a coastal island in the Black Sea. The birds were encountered by the Argonauts in their quest for the Golden Fleece. o Cranes § Gerana, a queen of the Pygmy who was transformed by the goddess Hera into a crane. § Oenoe o Clinis o Doves § Doves were said to have pulled the Chariot of Aphrodite o Eagles § Aetos Dios, giant golden eagle of Zeus. § Aethon or Caucasian Eagle, a giant eagle, offspring of Typhon and Echidna. Zeus condemned Prometheus to having his liver eaten by the Caucasian Eagle for giving the Flames of Olympus to the mortals. o Hippodamia (Lark) o Kingfisher § Alcyone transformed by gods into halcyon birds, the Halcyon genus and Halcyonidae birds took the name from Alcyone § Alkyonides, the seven daughters of Alcyoneus. When their father was slain by Heracles, they threw themselves into the sea, and were transformed into halcyons by Amphitrite. § Ceyx transformed by gods into halcyon birds, the Ceyx birds took their name from Ceyx. o Nightingale § Aëdon § Procne o Owls § Little Owl, bird of goddess Athena. § Nyctimene § Screech Owl (Ascalaphus), bird of god Hades. o Philomela (Swallow) o Ravens/Crows § Corvus, a crow or raven which served Apollo. Apollo was about to make a sacrifice on the altar and he needs some water to perform the ritual. The god sends the raven to fetch some water in his cup, but the bird gets distracted by a fig tree and spends a few days lazily resting and waiting for the figs to ripen. After feasting on the figs, the raven finally brings Apollo the cup filled with water and he also brings a water snake (Hydra) as an excuse for being so late. Apollo sees through the raven’s lies and angrily casts all three – the cup (Crater, Crater (constellation)), the water snake (Hydra, Hydra (constellation)) and the raven (Corvus, Corvus (constellation)) into the sky. Apollo also casts a curse on the raven, scorching its feathers and making the bird eternally thirsty and unable to do anything about it. This, according to the myth, is how crows and ravens came to have black feathers and why they have such raspy voices. § Cornix § Coronis o Swans § Cycnus (Swan), Cycnus, was a good friend of Phaethon, when Phaethon died, he sat by the river Eridanos mourning his death. The gods turned him into a swan to relieve him of his pity. § Swans of Apollo, the swans drawing the chariot of Apollo. o Strix, birds of ill omen, product of metamorphosis, that fed on human flesh and blood. o Tereus (Hoopoe) · Boars o Calydonian Boar, a gigantic boar sent by Artemis to ravage Calydon.Was slain in the Calydonian Boar Hunt. o Clazomenae Boar, gigantic winged sow which terrorized the Greek town of Klazomenai in IoniaAsia Minor. o Crommyonian Sow, the Crommyonian Sow was a wild pig that ravaged the region around the village of Crommyon between Megara and Corinth, and was eventually slain by Theseus in his early adventures. o Erymanthian Boar, a gigantic boar which Heracles was sent to retrieve as one of his labors. · Cattle o The Cattle of Geryon, magnificent cattle guarded by Orthrus. o The Cattle of Helios, immortal cattle of oxen and sheep owned by the sun god Helios. o The black-skinned cattle of Hades, the cattle owned by Hades and guarded by Menoetes. · Cercopes, monkeys. · Cretan Bull/Marathonian Bull, was the bull Pasiphaë fell in love with, giving birth to the Minotaur. · Dionysus Panthers, the panthers that draw the chariot of Dionysus. · Dogs/Hounds o Actaeon's dogs o ArgosOdysseus' faithful dog, known for his speed, strength and his superior tracking skills. o Golden Dog, a dog which guarded the infant god Zeus. o Guard Dogs of Hephaestus Temple, a pack of sacred dogs which guarded the temple of Hephaestus at Mount Etna. o Laelaps, a female dog destined always to catch its prey. o Maera, the hound of Erigone, daughter of Icarius of Athens. · Dolphins o Delphin, a dolphin who found the Amphitrite, when Poseidon was looking for her. For his service Poseidon placed him in the sky as the constellation Delphinus. o Dolphin that saved Arion. o Dolphins of Taras. A dolphin saved Taras, who is often depicted mounted on a dolphin. · Donkeys o Donkey of Hephaestus, Hephaestus was often shown riding a donkey. o Donkey of Silenus, Silenus rode a donkey. o Scythian horned donkeys, in Scythia there were donkeys with horns, and these horns were holding water from the river Styx.[4] · Deer o Ceryneian Hind, an enormous deer which was sacred to Artemis; Heracles was sent to retrieve it as one of his labours o Elaphoi Khrysokeroi, four immortal golden-horned deer sacred to the goddess Artemis. They drew the goddess' chariot. o Actaeon, Artemis turned him into a deer for spying on her while bathing. He was promptly eaten by his own hunting dogs. · Goats o Amalthea, golden-haired female goat, foster-mother of Zeus. · Horses o Anemoi, the gods of the four directional winds in horse-shape drawing the chariot of Zeus. § Boreas § Eurus § Notos § Zephyrus or Zephyr o Arion, the immortal horse of Adrastus, which could run at fantastic speeds. Was said to eat gold. o Horses of Achilles, immortal horses. § Balius § Xanthus o Horses of Ares, immortal fire-breathing horses of the god Ares. § Aethon § Konabos § Phlogeous § Phobos o Horses of Autonous, o Horses of Eos, a pair of immortal horses owned by the dawn-goddess, Eos. § Lampus § Phaethon o Horses of Erechtheus, a pair of immortal horses owned by the king of Athens, Erechtheus. § Podarkes § Xanthos o Horses of Dioskouroi, the immortal horses of the Dioskouroi. § Harpagos § Kyllaros § Phlogeus § Xanthos o Horses of Hector § Aethon § Lampus § Podargus § Xanthus o Horses of Helios, immortal horses of the sun-god Helios. § Abraxas § Aethon § Bronte § Euos § Phlegon § Pyrois § Sterope § Therbeeo o Horses of Poseidon, immortal horses of the god Poseidon. o Mares of Diomedes, four man-eating horses belonging to the giant Diomedes. § Dinus § Lampus § Podargus § Xanthus o Ocyrhoe, daughter of Chiron and Chariclo. She was transformed into a horse. o Trojan Horses or Trojan Hippoi, twelve immortal horses owned by the Trojan king Laomedon. · Karkinos or Carcinus, a giant crab which fought Heracles alongside the Lernaean Hydra. · Leopards o Dionysus Leopard: Dionysus is often shown riding a leopard. o Ampelus, Claudius Aelianus in the "Characteristics of Animals" write that there is a leopard called the Ampelus, it is not like the other leopards and has no tail. If it is seen by women it afflicts them with an unexpected ailment.[5] · Lions o Nemean Lion, a gigantic lion whose skin was impervious to weapons; it was strangled by Heracles. o Rhea's Lions, the lions drawing the chariot of Rhea. · Snakes o Gigantic snakes of Libya, according to Diodorus, Amazons used the skins of large snakes for protective devices, since Libya had such animals of incredible size.[6] o Snakes of Hera, Hera sent two big snakes to kill Herakles when he was an infant. · Teumessian fox, a gigantic fox destined never to be hunted down. · Tortoises/Turtles o Giant turtle: Sciron robbed travelers passing the Sceironian Rocks and forced them to wash his feet. When they knelt before him, he kicked them over the cliff into the sea, where they were eaten by the giant sea turtle. Theseus killed him in the same way. o Tortoise from which Hermes created his tortoise shell lyre, when Hermes was a mere babe, found a tortoise, which he killed, and, stretching seven strings across the empty shell, invented a lyre. o Zeus and the Tortoise The dragons of Greek mythology were serpentine monsters. They include the serpent-like Drakons, the marine-dwelling Cetea and the she-monster Dracaenae. Homer describes the dragons with wings and legs. · The Colchian Dragon, an unsleeping dragon which guarded the Golden Fleece. · Cychreides, a dragon which terrorised Salamis before being slain, tamed or driven out by Cychreus. · Demeter's dragons, a pair of winged dragons that drew Demeter's chariot and, after having been given as a gift, that of Triptolemus. · Delphyne, female dragon. · Giantomachian dragon, a dragon that was thrown at Athena during the Giant war. She threw it into the sky where it became the constellation Draco. · The Ismenian Dragon, a dragon which guarded the sacred spring of Ares near Thebes; it was slain by Cadmus. · Ladon, a serpent-like dragon which guarded the golden apples of immortality of the Hesperides. · Maeonian Drakon, a dragon that lived in the kingdom of Lydia and was killed by Damasen. · Medea's dragons, a pair of flying dragons that pulled Medea's chariot. Born from the blood of the Titans. · Nemean dragon, a dragon that guarded Zeus' sacred grove in Nemea. · Ophiogenean dragon, a dragon that guarded Artemis' sacred grove in Mysia. · Pitanian dragon, a dragon in Pitane, Aeolis, that was turned to stone by the gods. · Pyrausta, a four-legged insect with filmy wings and a dragon's head. · Python, a dragon which guarded the oracle of Delphi; it was slain by Apollo. · Rhodian dragons, serpents that inhabited the island of Rhodes; they were killed by Phorbus. · Thespian dragon, a dragon that terrorized the city of Thespiae in Boeotia. · Trojan dragons, a pair of dragons or giant serpents from Tenedos sent by various gods to kill Laocoön and his sons in order to stop him from telling his people that the Wooden Horse was a trap. Drakons ("δράκους" in Greek, "dracones" in Latin) were giant serpents, sometimes possessing multiple heads or able to breathe fire (or even both), but most just spit deadly poison. They are usually depicted without wings. · The Laconian Drakon was one of the most fearsome of all the drakons. · The Ethiopian Dragon was a breed of giant serpent native to the lands of Ethiopia. They killed elephants, and rival the longest-lived animals. They mentioned in the work of Aelian, On The Characteristics Of Animals (Greek: Περί ζώων ιδιότητος)[7] · The Indian Dragon was a breed of giant serpent which could fight and strangle the elephants of India.[8] Cetea were sea monsters. They were usually featured in myths of a hero rescuing a sacrificial princess. · The Ethiopian Cetus was a sea monster sent by Poseidon to ravage Ethiopia and devour Andromeda. It was slain by Perseus. · The Trojan Cetus was a sea monster that plagued Troy before being slain by Heracles. The Dracaenae were monsters that had the upper body of a beautiful woman and the lower body of any sort of dragon. Echidna, the mother of monsters, and Ceto, the mother of sea-monsters, are two famous dracaenae. Some Dracaenae were even known to have had in place of two legs, one (or two) serpent tail. · Campe, a dracaena that was charged by Cronus with the job of guarding the gates of Tartarus; she was slain by Zeus when he rescued the Cyclopes and Hecatoncheires from their prison. · Ceto (or Keto), a marine goddess who was the mother of all sea monsters as well as Echidna and other dragons and monsters. · Echidna, wife of Typhon and mother of monsters. · Poena, a dracaena sent by Apollo to ravage the kingdom of Argos as punishment for the death of his infant son Linos; killed by Coraebus. · Scythian Dracaena, the Dracaena queen of Scythia; she stole Geryon's cattle that Heracles was herding through the region and agreed to return them on condition he mate with her. · Scylla, a dracaena that was the lover of Poseidon, transformed by Circe into a multi-headed monster that fed on sailors on vessels passing between her and Charybdis. · Sybaris, a draceana that lived on a mountain near Delphi, eating shepherds and passing travellers; she was pushed off the cliff by Eurybarus. Automatons, or Colossi, were men/women, animals and monsters crafted out of metal and made animate in order to perform various tasks. They were created by the divine smith, Hephaestus. The Athenian inventor Daedalus also manufactured automatons. · The Hippoi Kabeirikoi, four bronze horse-shaped automatons crafted by Hephaestus to draw the chariot of the Cabeiri. · The Keledones, singing maidens sculpted out of gold by Hephaestus. · The Khalkotauroi also known as the Colchis Bulls, fire-breathing bulls created by Hephaestus as a gift for Aeëtes. · The Kourai Khryseai, golden maidens sculpted by Hephaestus to attend him in his household. · Talos, a giant man made out of bronze to protect Europa. Mythic humanoids[edit] · Acephali/Headless men (Greek ἀκέφαλος akephalos, plural ἀκέφαλοι akephaloi, from ἀ- a-, "without", and κεφαλή kephalé, "head") are humans without a head, with their mouths and eyes being in their breasts. · Amazons, a nation of all-female warriors. o Aegea, a queen of the Amazons. o Aella (Ἄελλα), an Amazon who was killed by Heracles. o Alcibie (Ἀλκιβίη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Diomedes at Troy. o Alke (Ἁλκή), an Amazonian warrior o Antandre (Ἀντάνδρη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Achilles at Troy. o Antiope (Ἀντιόπη), a daughter of Ares and sister of Hippolyta. o Areto (Ἀρετώ), an Amazon. o Asteria (Ἀστερία), an Amazon who was killed by Heracles. o Bremusa (Βρέμουσα), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Idomeneus at Troy. o Celaeno (Κελαινώ), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Heracles. o Eurypyle (Εὐρυπύλη), an Amazon leader who invaded Ninus and Babylonia. o Hippolyta (Ἱππολύτη), a queen of Amazons and daughter of Ares. o Hippothoe (Ἱπποθόη), an Amazonian warrior, killed by Achilles at Troy. o Iphito (Ἰφιτώ), an Amazon who served under Hippolyta. o Lampedo (Λαμπεδώ), an Amazon queen who ruled with her sister Marpesia. o Marpesia (Μαρπεσία), an Amazon queen who ruled with her sister Lampedo. o Melanippe (Μελανίππη), a daughter of Ares and sister of Hippolyta and Antiope. o Molpadia (Μολπαδία), an Amazon who killed Antiope. o Myrina (Μύρινα), a queen of the Amazons. o Orithyia (Ὠρείθυια), an Amazon queen. o Otrera (Ὀτρήρα), an Amazon queen, consort of Ares and mother of Hippolyta. o Pantariste (Πανταρίστη), an Amazon who fought with Hippolyta against Heracles. o Penthesilea (Πενθεσίλεια), an Amazon queen who fought in the Trojan War on the side of Troy. o Thalestris (Θάληστρις), a queen of the Amazons. · Anthropophage, mythical race of cannibals. · Arimaspi, a tribe of one-eyed men. · Astomi, race of people who had no need to eat or drink anything at all. · Atlantians, people of Atlantis. · Bebryces, a tribe of people who lived in Bithynia · Chalybes, a Georgian tribe of Pontus and Cappadocia in northern Anatolia. · Cynocephaly, dog-headed people. · Curetes, legendary people who took part in the quarrel over the Calydonian Boar. · Dactyls, mythical race of small phallic male beings. o Acmon · Gargareans, were an all-male tribe. · Halizones, people that appear in Homer's Iliad as allies of Troy during the Trojan War. · Hyperboreans, mythical people who lived "beyond the North Wind". · Korybantes, were armed and crested dancers. · Lapiths o Corythus, a Lapith killed by the centaur Rhoetus at the Centauromachy. o Crantor o Dryas, a Lapith who fought against the Centaurs at the Centauromachy. o Elatus, a Lapith chieftain of Larissa. o Euagrus or Evagrus, a Lapith killed by the centaur Rhoetus at the Centauromachy. o Ixion, king of the Lapiths. o Pirithous, king of the Lapiths. · Machlyes, hermaphrodites whose bodies were male on one side and female on the other. · Minyans · Monopodes or Skiapodes, a tribe of one-legged Libyan men who used their gigantic foot as shade against the midday sun. · Myrmidons, legendary warriors commanded by Achilles. · Panotii, a tribe of northern men with gigantic, body-length ears. · Pygmies, a tribe of one and a half foot tall African men who rode goats into battle against migrating cranes. o Gerana o Oenoe · Spartoi, mythical warriors who sprang up from the dragon's teeth. · Telchines · Troglodytae
Key to Umbria: Carsulae History of Carsulae Umbria: Home Cities History Art Hagiography Contact Carsulae: Home History Saints Walk Finds from Carsualae Early History Carsulae was first mentioned in the surviving sources by Strabo in the late 1st century BC: 1. “The cities [of Umbria west] of the Apennines that are worthy of mention are: first, on the Flaminian Way itself: Ocricli, ... Narnia, ... Carsuli, and Mevania ...”, (‘Geography’, 5:2:10). There is no doubt that Carsulae was on Via Flaminia, albeit that it is not mentioned in any of the surviving itineraries (which, between them, span the imperial period until 330 AD). According to Simone Sisani (referenced below, 2006, at p. 181): 1. “... it seems to have grown up ex novo, not earlier that the 2nd century BC, and probably as a centre for the scattered viritane settlers in the surrounding territory ...” (my translation). Surviving inscriptions suggest that Carsulae was a municipium administered by duoviri in the late 1st century BC 1. CIL XI 4575, which dates to the late 1st century BC and which is now in Palazzo Cesi, commemorates ‘[---]lius Ti(beri) f(ilius) Pup(inia) Clemens’ as ‘IIvir iure dicundo Carsulis sex(ies?)’. Note that: 2. The father and brother of this individual, who were both recorded in the inscription, both belonged to the Clustumina while he belonged to the Pupinia. This suggests that he belonged to a local family but that, for whatever reason, he had changed his tribe. 3. If the completion ‘sex(ies)’above is correct, then he had served as IIvir iure dicundo at Carsulae six times. 4. EDR138898, which Enrico Zuddas (referenced below, at p. ??) dated to ca. 35 BC and which was found and is displayed locally, commemorates two duoviri quinquennales: 5. Coelius Titianus, son of Lucius; and 6. Egnatius Apicula, son of Caius. 7. Enrico Zuddas (referenced below, at p. ?) referred to a third inscription that is about to be fully published for the first time by Elena Roscini, which commemorates the duovir Lucius Furius Clemens, and which indicated that the duovirale administration continued until at least the middle of the first century AD. The presence of the duovirate is usually taken to indicate that the centre in question was municipalised following the Lex Iulia Municipalis (probably 49 BC). However, Enrico Zuddas (referenced below, at p. ??) suggested that the municipalisation of Carsulae might have been slightly later, possibly associated with: 1. “... the deduction of the colony of Todi [probably in 27 BC]: this would be consistent with urbanisation of Carsulae, which is generally dated to the Augustan period. The [inscriptions above] are consistent with this hypothesis” (my translation). A series of inscriptions attests the subsequent introduction of a quattuorviral administration at Carsulae. The earliest of these (CIL XI 4572), which dates to the 2nd half of the 1st century AD probably came from a mausoleum at Carsulae and is now in Palazzo Cesi: 1. it commemorates a father and son, both called Caius Furius Tiro and assigned to the Clustumina, each of whom had served as quattuorvir quinquennalis; and 2. the dedicants included Lucius Nonius Asprenas, who had served as quattuorvir. Enrico Zuddas (referenced below, at p. ??) suggested that this change of administration: 1. “... might be attributed to the involvement of [Carsulae] in the events of the winter of 69 AD [when Vespasian’s army camped here, as described below] and to be understood as a reward for the support that the city provided to the Flavians in the civil war: the introduction of the quattuorvirate might indicate the restitution, by Vespasian, of lands taken from the city after the Perusine War [of 41-40 BC]” (my translation). Carsulae and the Emperor Augustus Pliny the Elder included the Carsulani among the people of Umbria, the Augustan Sixth Region. Most of the public buildings of which traces survive date to the reign of the Emperor Augustus: they were probably built shortly after he restored Via Flaminia in 27 BC. The buildings from this period that have been excavated were arranged around the forum and along Via Flaminia, which formed the cardo maximus of the settlement. Carsulae in the Later Roman Empire Carsulae was probably extended in the following three centuries, but these outer areas have yet to be excavated. It might be the place to which Pliny the Elder (Natural History, Book 17, Chapter 35) referred in an account of the cultivation of vines in the 1st century AD. It is certainly one of the places in which Pompeia Celerina, the rich mother-in-law of Pliny the Younger, had a villa. Tacitus recorded that Marcus Antonius Primus, the general of the Emperor Vespasian, camped here in 69 AD as he prepared to march on Rome to secure the Imperial title for his master. Tacitus explained that he: 1. “... regarded with favour the actual situation of their camp, which had a wide outlook, and secured their supply of stores, because of the prosperous towns behind them” (‘Historiae’, 3: 60). Recovered inscriptions document the vibrant civic life of Carsuale until at least the reign of the Emperor Diocletian. [The Strada del Carre, the road from Carsulae to Spoleto over Monte Torre Maggiore, passed the Roman temples there that were in use until the 3rd century AD.] There is no evidence that Carsulae was ever a diocese. However, hagiographical sources refer to St Volusianus as a priest here in the reign of the Emperor Julian the Apostate (361-3). Decline of Carsulae The city must have declined as the western branch of Via Flaminia fell into disuse in the 3rd century BC. It was abandoned in the middle of the 4th century AD, perhaps after an earthquake, and its people probably moved to San Gemini. The Chiesetta di San Damiano (11th century) was built on the foundations of a Roman building many centuries after the site had been abandoned. History of the Excavations Duke Federico II Cesi organised the first excavations on the site in the 16th century. His primary aim seems to have been to secure Roman artefacts with which to adorn Palazzo Cesi, Acquasparta and some important finds from the site are still to be found there (see the page on Finds from Carsulae). A fresco (16th century) of Carsulae that is still in Palazzo Cesi, Rome shows the state of the excavations at this time: the remains of the Arco di San Damiano, the amphitheatre, the Chiesetta di San Damiano and the forum are all identifiable. Pope Pius V organised a major excavation of the site in 1783 under Sebastiano Graziani in order to obtain exhibits for the new Museo Pio Clementino at the Vatican. This work uncovered: 1. the remains of the baths, with a mosaic floor depicting marine scenes [now in Spoleto ?]; 2. the theatre; and 3. the amphitheatre (which was already known from the 17th century). The work was abandoned after a relatively short period when more extensive finds were discovered at Ocriculum Egidio Antonio Milj, who was a Capuchin monk also known as Fr. Antonio da San Gemini, published one of the first guide books on the site (“Carsoli: rediviva ovvero storiche ricerche intorno all'antichissima città di Carsoli nell'Umbria”, Macerata, 1800). [A bust attributed to Maecenas, which was found on the site in 1829, is now in Palazzo Vescovile, Spoleto ?] The Archbishop of Spoleto organised more systematic excavation in 1851, but many of the finds were sold to recoup the cost of the campaign. The area passed to the Commune of Cesi in 1860 and was largely abandoned. The site took on its present appearance during systematic excavation under Umberto Ciotti, the Soprintendente ai Beni Archeologici Umbri, in 1951-72. These excavations concentrated largely on the area of the forum, the amphitheatre and the theatre. The long stretch of Via Flaminia that forms the cardo maximus of Carsulae was discovered at this time. Read more: E. Zuddas, “Dal Quattuorvirato al Duovirato: gli Esiti del Bellum Perusinum e i Cambiamenti Costituzionali in Area Umbra”, in 1. S. Evangelisti and C. Ricci (Eds), “Le Forme Municipali in Italia e nelle Province Occidentali tra o Secoli I AC e III DC: Atti della XXIe Rencontre Franco-Italienne sur l’ Épigraphie du Monde Romain (Campobasso, 24-26 settembre 2015)”, (2017) Bari, at pp. 121-32 S. Sisani, “Umbria Marche (Guide Archeologiche Laterza)”, (2006) Rome and Bari Proceed to the Walk around Carsulae. Return to the home page on Carsulae.
The US Navy Backed the Hunt for Titanic to 'Drive The Soviets Crazy,' Explorer's Book Reveals The Titanic departing Southampton in 1912 The Titanic departing Southampton in 1912. (Wikipedia) The man who found the Titanic did so with help from the US Navy, and he got that much needed support in part by convincing the Navy that finding the shipwreck would "drive the Soviets crazy," renowned explorer Robert Ballard reveals in the new book "Into The Deep," which was co-written with investigative reporter Christopher Drew. Over the course of his celebrated career, Ballard has discovered the wrecks of the Nazi battleship Bismarck, the US aircraft carrier Yorktown, and US patrol torpedo boat PT-109 (commanded by then Lt. j.g. John F. Kennedy). But his most recognizable discovery was the British passenger ship Titanic that sank in the North Atlantic on April 15, 1912, ending more than 1,500 lives. That famous discovery in September 1985 was backed by the US Navy, which offered its support for two reasons. The search for the Titanic was a cover for a top secret Navy mission involving the use of undersea systems to explore two submarine wrecks. And Ballard convinced the service his discovery would play into a game of psychological warfare with the Soviets during the later years of the Cold War, "Into the Deep" explains. Navy Vice Adm. Ronald Thunman, a top submarine officer, initially told Ballard that his dream of finding the Titanic was crazy, but he ultimately agreed to let the persistent explorer piggyback on the Navy mission and pursue the lost passenger ship using any time and funds that remained after looking into the two wrecks. "You can do whatever you want, but you gotta do it within the time and within the money, and that's it," Ballard recalled the officer saying. The search for the Titanic became cover for the submarine investigation. Although he had been given something of a green light to look for the Titanic from Thunman, Ballard wanted the support of Navy Secretary John Lehman. He decided to leverage the secretary and President Ronald Reagan's thinking on psychological warfare to gain that endorsement as well. Both Reagan and Lehman were eager to confront the Soviets more aggressively, and part of that included rattling them psychologically, specifically making them believe the US had capabilities beyond their own. Ballard, then a Navy reservist, invited Lehman, who had been behind Ballard since a talk he did on underwater terrain warfare, on an underwater excursion in an exploration and research submersible looking at what Ballard described as "the undersea battlefield." Thousands of feet beneath the surface, he repeatedly made his pitch to search for the Titanic. "The president wants to really play with the Soviets' minds," Ballard recalled telling the Navy secretary in a paraphrased conversation presented in his memoir, "to make them think we can do far more than we're capable of." "Let me find Titanic," the explorer said, explaining that with the gear in his possession, specifically a few robotic submersibles, he was sure he could find it in two weeks. "I'll find it, and then we'll go public," Ballard told Lehman, "Show videos from the robots roaming through the ballrooms. It will drive the Soviets crazy. They'll think that if we're willing to publicize this capability, imagine what our Navy is doing in secret." Lehman agreed to pass the recommendation on to Reagan, who, according to the Navy secretary, responded: "Absolutely, let's do it." 'May God bless these found souls' The hunt for the passenger ship Titanic was the public face of a secret Navy mission to explore and take photos of the wrecks of the USS Thresher and USS Scorpion, which sank with all hands in 1963 and 1968 respectively. They were among the deadliest submarine disasters and ones the US Navy studied intensively for answers. Ballard returned to active-duty status temporarily so that he could be read into classified material for the missions. He wrote in his book that "the Navy's investigation was my real mission." Searching for the Titanic, while a priority and long-time dream for Ballard, came second. Sailing aboard the research vessel R/V Knorr, Ballard obscured the true mission from members of his crew. "Given the highly classified nature of the mission, the Navy would only let me tell those with a need-to-know status what was really happening," he explained. "We told everyone we were testing equipment for the Navy." "I wanted to do a bang-up job for the Navy, but I was also constantly thinking about how to find Titanic," Ballard wrote. As it turned out, the investigation into the submarine wrecks would prove beneficial to finding the Titanic. Both the Thresher and Scorpion had debris trails almost a mile long. While some believed Titanic sank in one piece, there had been eyewitness accounts from survivors that it broke apart, which would leave a debris trail like the submarines that imploded. "I visualized the ship not just breaking in two but falling to the bottom, with the heaviest pieces heading straight down and lighter ones drifting with the current, just as I had seen with Scorpion and Thresher," Ballard wrote. "It played out like a film in my head, and, all of a sudden, it was clear as a bell," he said. "I shouldn't be searching for the ship. I should be searching for the debris trail. A mile-long trail would be easier to find than 833-foot ship." Ballard and his team arrived in the area where the Titanic was believed to have sunk toward the end of August 1985 and deployed Argo, a ship-towed video camera sled designed to operate in deep waters that had just explored the wrecks of the Thresher and Scorpion, to scan the ocean floor. Late one night after several days of searching for the Titanic, the team came upon the debris field, discovering a large metal cylinder over 15 feet in diameter. "There it was, one of 29 boilers that had created steam for Titanic's engines," Ballard wrote in his book. "It was a signature piece. We'd found the debris field, about 12,500 feet down. Bull's-eye!" Using the Knorr's onboard sonar, Ballard and his team detected a 100-foot-tall object to the north of their position. They relocated to the place the object was detected and deployed Argo to scan what turned out to be the wreckage of Titanic. "We were drifting slowly. Titanic was unveiling herself to us," Ballard said of the moment the ship's hull came into view. "No one was blinking. Our eyes were drying out, because we were not going to close them for a nanosecond. It was an 'Oh my God!' kind of moment." As the submersible passed over the hull, "everyone exploded," he said. "We'd done it." In written notes on the place where Titanic sank, Ballard wrote: "It is a quiet and peaceful and fitting place for the remains of this greatest of sea tragedies to rest. May it forever remain that way, and may God bless these found souls.' Read the original article on Business Insider. Show Full Article
I’m a hobbyist programmer with a profound love for procedural content generation. I’m working on a 2D space exploration game and while it’s not meant to simulate anything real, I’d like to give it a natural feel. I have no real knowledge in astronomy, so I figured someone here should have an answer. I was wondering if there are a few simple mathematical models I could use to determine some parameters for my generation algorithm. • the orbital radius of the planets • the size of the planets (is it more likely that gas giants and the likes will show up closer to the sun or further away, etc.) • the number of planets orbiting a star Also, a few questions come to my mind too: • is it a common occurence to have a star with nothing orbiting it? Like just a single lone star sitting there in the middle of space. • IIRC, Earth is kind of a weird thing (besides the fact that it hosts life) because our moon is way bigger than the average moons and also the only satellite of the planet. Is there any usual correllation between the planet size/density and the size or number of moons around it? • Is an asteroid belt something common in solar systems? Thanks a lot for your help! • $\begingroup$ I think you could somehow model the distribution of the known exoplanets, calculate the effect that we have different probability to find them (bigger ones close to their start have the highest P), and then use a Bayes... $\endgroup$ – peterh Jun 22 '18 at 18:54 • 2 $\begingroup$ These are all areas of active research, and the problem is we tend to see what our technology can detect, rather than how the planets actually are. For example, many of the gas giants we see are much closer to the star than in our solar system, but it's not clear how common that is. At this point, you could do almost anything, and no one could say you are wrong. But this is a nice figure about what has been seen: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoplanet#/media/… $\endgroup$ – Ken G Jun 23 '18 at 3:11 • $\begingroup$ I think you need to decide on and tell us the storyline or theme to get some assistance. For example: Idea #1: Each system has 10 planets, you start at the outer one moving towards the star, each planet has a mission, once you complete all the planets you shoot the star and go to the next level (possibly with more planets and after a few levels multiple stars) - so the size range is what looks good on the screen. -- Idea #2: Discover which planets are inhabitable and land to get supplies, avoiding the inhabitants. -- Idea #3: Shoot out in space, no landing. - etc. That affects our suggestions. $\endgroup$ – Rob Jun 23 '18 at 8:05 • 2 $\begingroup$ I'm voting to close this question as off-topic because this is more appropriate to Worldbuilding SE. $\endgroup$ – StephenG Jun 23 '18 at 9:21 • $\begingroup$ @Rob really those aspects are not in the scope of my question. My game project is everything but linear. Everything will be procedurally generated besides key elements. The gameplay mechanics are not in question here. I’m just looking for a more realistic set of rules for my algorithm. $\endgroup$ Jun 29 '18 at 1:28 I "grew up" with the old roleplaying game 2300AD's system creation rules, which were based on fairly hard science (and used the Gliese star catalog as a map!) They have stood the test of time fairly well (here is an astronomer friend's take on it). Here is a rough sketch of how I typically make my system generators, which is based on the same logic: 1. Generate a number $N$ of planets in the system. At present there is no clear data constraining this, although we may imagine high metallicity stars could have more planets (but maybe not). 2. Generate orbits $a_i$: start with a random innermost orbit $a_1$, and then make $a_{n+1}=(1+r_n)a_n$ where $r_n \sim U(K_1,K_2)$ is a random number. This imitates the Titus-Bode law pattern and looks roughly like observed systems. I tend to use $K_1=0.1, K_2=2$ but this is guesswork. Note that this process has problems handling hot Jupiters really close - you may want to add them by hand. It also ignore resonances etc. 3. Generate a planetary seed size/mass. This can be done in an elaborate way by looking at exoplanet $(a,M)$ distributions and extrapolating to unobserved corners, or using some suitable skew random number distribution. 4. From the mass and distance to the star, estimate planetary and atmospheric composition. Basically, outside the snowline ($\approx 1.4\sqrt{L/L_\odot}$ where $L$ is star luminosity) planets will start accumulating volatiles, and having ice crusts become possible. Essentially, decide on a core density randomly. 5. Calculate the approximate minimum molecular weight retained based on the surface gravity. This will determine the atmospheric density. Especially, if the planet retains hydrogen it will become a gas giant: multiply up the mass a lot (the overall radius of a planet scales as $M^{1/3}$ for solid planets up to a few earth masses, and up to Jupiter size for gas giants - then degeneracy pressure will make the size level off and they become denser instead). Note that this is going to be the most fudgy step, since actually estimating a consistent atmosphere (especially exosphere) temperature, composition and pressure is really involved (and nontrivial even in reality). 6. Given the size, temperature zone and atmosphere classify it suitably ("ice ball", "gas giant", "venusian hothouse", "super-earth", ...). 7. Add random moons, rotation periods, eccentricities and whatnot, calculating their effects (like tide sizes, estimated magnetic fields, temperature variations, number of Hadley cells...) - lots of handwaving here, even when you base it on real astronomy and atmospheric physics papers. This is the simple version. It does not try to actually simulate planet formation, where important processes like migrating gas giants can really affect systems. You extra questions: Right now it looks like planets are very common, so a system with no planets is likely pretty unusual. Big moons might be uncommon, or they might be ordinary. In the solar system Pluto/Charon is also a pretty even pair. I personally think double-planets may be more common than people expect. We'll see. Asteroid belts are likely pretty common. In a way we have two, the main belt and Kuiper belt. I would expect most systems to at least have a bit of debris that has not cohered in the outer regions. • $\begingroup$ Didn’t get to leave you a note yet, so here we are! Thanks a lot for the pointers! You are actually giving me more ideas on how to model the whole universe too. So I understand that looking at stuff so far away is still a WIP for the human race and that most science behind all this is getting challenged by new discoveries all the time, but I’m quite sure that I’ll be able to work something out with what you told me. Anyway, it’s a 2D game so you can only go so far with being realistic ;) $\endgroup$ Jun 29 '18 at 1:33 Your Answer
The animate and the inanimate Aion and Genius in Greek As living beings we naturally gravitate to other animate things, like plants and pets that become companions in our homes and lives. The feelings we have for inanimate objects can become strong as well; possessions gain value–sentimental, economic, historic–and we protect and ensure their safety. It appears that human beings prize existence itself in all its forms, animate and inanimate, which is not surprising since we ourselves are comprised of and dependent upon varied ingredients, organic and inorganic. Take iron, for example. The Eiffel Tower is built of iron, an inorganic mineral generally derived from ore but also found in meteorites. We use iron in the manufacture of steel, and iron plays a featured role in human history. Moreover, our bodies require iron, which is essential for the formation of hemoglobin, a component of human blood that transports oxygen to all the living cells in our bodies. And iron is not the only mineral we need; many other minerals are essential to human health. Calcium, magnesium, chromium, and a wide range of other minerals play critical roles in metabolism, energy production, bone growth, and the healthy functioning of the body. Another of the inanimate elements we absolutely need is oxygen. And of course, water, the very stuff of life itself, is nothing more than hydrogen and oxygen. When you get right down to it, living organisms are essentially comprised of non-living matter. At our deepest, sub-atomic level, we are comprised of the same components as everything else: various “flavors” of quarks, gluons, electrons and the atoms of which they are part. Those atoms, look very much like other atoms, whether from animate, living things or things we consider to be inanimate, not-living. This raises the question, what exactly is life? How inanimate, non-living matter coalesces into animate, living organisms remains a mystery. Whether it is a function of chemical complexity, unique emergent conditions or the expression of an underlying universal force of consciousness is unknown. The ancient Greeks believed human life was a combination of two components: a life force, which they called “aion,” and the inspiration of a divine entity they called “genius.” One’s genius entered the animated living body, took up residence, provided willful inspiration and upon death would depart. This conception of “genius” somewhat parallels the contemporary notion of “soul”, a divine or sacred entity within each of us. Somewhere along the way, modern human beings lost touch with sacredness. We began to treat the world of inanimate objects as if it were garbage rather than the foundation of life itself, to mistreat the soul and the body of the world, to degrade, poison and despoil instead of to value, nourish and treasure. We callously designated our living world “natural resources,” as if its purpose was purely mercantile, available simply for material pleasure and profit. Today, we are facing the results of our foolish stupidity as the earth adjusts to our selfishness with non-linear feedback loops rapidly altering climate and ecological balance. The earth will abide, as it has for billions of years, but as naturalist Sir David Attenborough recently noted, human society may not last terribly long, which is pitiable, for we are capable of great realizations, fine accomplishments, beauty, compassion and creativity. To have squandered our genius and the divine spark of life for the sake of mere money is pathetic. 2 thoughts on “The animate and the inanimate 1. Meh. As with the dinosaurs, in another few million years it will be difficult to find a trace of Home Sapiens, presuming anyone or anything in the vastness of the universe would even bother looking. 2. According to No Way’s rationale, people should not worry about moral dimensions of meat eating or hunting, bc it all has no ultimate significance. We might as well all become criminals. Leave a Reply
Chavez 2021 The COVID-19 pandemic has completely upended our social and economic lives. Many have left their jobs, and many of those who are still working have reduced their work hours to make up for increasing demands at home.1As the nation slowly recovers from the pandemic, workers enter an economy still devasted by a year of closures and layoffs. How are workers faring in this new world? In particular, how have the barriers facing women and workers of color in the labor market changed, if at all? These are the questions that interest me and my coauthors, Dr. Kate Weisshaar and graduate student Tania Cabello-Hutt. In our ongoing research project, we ask, how have patterns of racial and gender discrimination at the point of hire changed during the COVID-19 pandemic? Key Findings • Discrimination at the point of hire against Black workers, particularly Black men, remains consistent before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, Black men receive about 18% fewer responses from employers than White men regardless of whether they applied before or during the pandemic. • In contrast, the COVID-19 pandemic has seen an increase in discrimination in favor of White women. Before the pandemic, White women and White men receive a similar number of responses from employers. During the pandemic, White women receive 22% more responses from employers than White men.
Pros & Cons of a High Fiber Diet The term "dietary fiber" refers to the indigestible substances found in the plant-based foods people eat, including fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Fiber has long been heralded for its myriad health benefits, including cholesterol-lowering properties. Dietary fiber needs vary among age groups, but most Americans don't get the recommended amount of fiber. In Fiber's Favor Adequate dietary fiber intake promotes healthy digestion and intestinal health. There are two types of fiber, soluble and insoluble. Soluble fiber helps to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and insoluble fiber provides bulk to stool and helps to prevent constipation. In addition, a high-fiber diet has been shown to lower the risk of heart disease, type-2 diabetes and diverticular disease, which is inflammation of the intestine. A Couple of Caveats The list of cons for a high-fiber diet is really very short. Increasing fiber intake very quickly can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, and getting too much fiber may cause bloating or gas. Because fiber absorbs water, you should drink more water to compensate for eating more fiber. Daily Fiber Needs The Institute of Medicine recommends women get 21 to 25 grams of fiber per day. In comparison, the institute recommends 30 to 38 grams per day for men. Most Americans do not meet these needs. According to the 2008-2009 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, males over age 20 consumed 18.7 grams of fiber per day while women consumed 15.5 grams per day. Fiber Sources Fiber is found in all plant sources, like fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Some fruits and vegetables contain more fiber than others, but including a wide range of these foods in your diet will help to ensure adequate fiber intake. In addition, whole grains like oats, quinoa and brown rice offer a good amount of fiber.
Gait Belt – Why it’s Important The past few weeks in my patient skills care class we have been using gait belts nonstop, literally. The moment we walk into lab the gait belt is put on until the moment we walk out. Though the belt is kind of uncomfortable, it is very important in patient care! What it is A gait belt is a safety belt for the provider to use to help keep their patient safe. It helps in a variety of things whether it’s sitting to standing, transferring from one place to another such as a chair to a bed, or just walking. Gait belts are usually a few inches wide and made from canvas, nylon or leather with a buckle at the end and sometimes loops for holding. There are two main types: a standard design with a metal buckle featuring loops and teeth and a quick release design featuring a plastic buckle that snaps in place. how to use A gait belt is labeled an assistive device and sits right on a patients waist or hips with two fingers fitting between the belt and the patient. The belt should be securely fastened where it will not come undone when moving around. There should always be one layer of clothing between the gait belt and the patients skin. When walking or transferring, gait belts provide a safe and secure object to grasp. They also decrease the need to use a patients clothing or extremities since the belt is there. Before anything, verbally communicate with your patient putting the belt on them and through the transfer process. If you’re lifting the patient, count down to the lift so you both can rise in sync. when to use The gait belt is a great choice when working with a patient who has mobility issues and is partially dependent on their caregiver for support. But it is important to remember the gait belt is an assistive device. It is not meant to lift or move a patient outright, but help assist with moving or lifting a patient. If a patient has relatively good mobility, do be cautious when using a gait belt if they are dealing with conditions or had surgery affecting their abdominals and low back area. Caution should also be used if a patient has feeding tubes, a catheter, or other equipment near their abdominal area. If you’re unsure about using a gait belt, talk with the patients lead physician. Gait belts are great ways to help keep someone safe. They’re easy to use too! Check out a video here on how to put a gait belt on.
A fundamental component of research is exploring how people think and what tools and processes we use when we form decisions. Over the last few years this field of exploration has increased considerably. This increase in knowledge has been a benefit for the research profession, but is also a benefit for anyone wanting to have a deeper understanding of what is really going on when a person makes a decision. Books such as Predictably Irrational and The Invisible Gorilla help to elucidate the hidden processes that take place for all of us. This week I was again reminded of this field of study when I read an article on the Return Trip Effect. Most people have experienced this phenomena. You are taking a trip someplace, maybe you are leaving on vacation. The trip to get to your destination seems to take forever while the return trip seems to take less time…even though, both trips probably took about the same amount of time. Many people assume this feeling is because a person is more familiar with the landscape on the return trip and therefore can better anticipate the return trip time. As it turns out, this is not the real cause. In reality, the perceived time difference is a result of people’s anticipation of the destination to which they are traveling. This anticipation influences their perceptions of the initial outbound trip time making it feel longer. When people are returning home, their anticipation is much more sedate and as a result they are better able to predict their actual travel time. As a result, the return trip doesn’t feel as long as the outbound trip. To contrast this effect, consider your daily commute to and from work. If this is part of your normal routine then you likely have reasonable expectations about both the outgoing and returning trips. As a result, both legs of the journey seem to take about the same amount of time. The article in USA Today does a pretty good job of summarizing the report. This finding is important not just to help us have better vacations but because of the underlying implications of these findings. We know that people are capable of accurately providing their opinions about a topic. However, those opinions are subject to change and those opinions are influenced by underlying factors that are not as obvious. By having a more full understanding of the components that impact a decision we are better able to understand behavior. And most importantly we know that the only way to change behavior is to fully understand what causes a behavior.
How To Use A Semicolon In A Sentence Example The other most common use of semicolons is to separate lists when commas are present within the list itself which is part of a single independent clause. His hair was falling out. Colon When To Use A Colon With Colon Punctuation Rules Punctuation Rules English Writing Skills Learn English Vocabulary Let s put that another way. How to use a semicolon in a sentence example. Bill was going bald. Some people write with a word processor. It is my favorite food. And chester new jersey. I know great ice cream shops in burlington vermont. Rules for using semicolons. We will not use semicolon when connecting with coordinating conjunctions also known as. Write another closely related sentence using a transitional phrase or a conjunctive adverb. Ways to use semicolons. The semicolon in this sentence connects the two independent thoughts without bringing the narrative to a full stop in the way that a period would. Colons are used in sentences to show that something is following like a quotation example or list. A good writer often uses semicolon to show his mastery over the language and you might see them often use semicolon in their writing. However ice cream is my favorite dessert. An example is given below. Also the semicolon eliminates punctuation errors such as two clauses without a coordinating conjunction for and nor but or yet so using a comma instead of a semicolon would create a comma splice. Conjunctive adverbs are words that show a relationship between the two sentences such as cause and effect contrast or comparison. Colons and semicolons are two types of punctuation. I didn t see the step. Semicolons are used to join two independent clauses or two complete thoughts that could stand alone as complete sentences. However besides finally and hence. When not to use semicolons not used when connecting complete sentences with coordinating conjunctions. The group of words that comes before the semicolon should form a complete sentence the group of words that comes after the semicolon should form a complete sentence and the two sentences should share a close logical connection. Others write with a pen or. When a semicolon is used to join two or more ideas parts in a sentence those ideas are then given equal position or rank. I have to wake up early. A comma is completely inappropriate here because that would lead to a comma splice and as we have previously discussed comma splices are evil. The following examples show a semicolon used to separate two sentences that are related but grammatically independent. Here are some examples of how we use semicolons to combine sentences and write out detailed lists. Semicolons are most often used to separate two equal independent clauses within one complete sentence. She studies till midnight. I love ice cream. Examples of colons and semicolons in sentences. Semicolons are used to put style and variation in sentences. A semicolon is most commonly used to link in a single sentence two independent clauses that are closely related in thought. Transitional phrases are used to move from one sentence to the next in a logical and smooth way. So read on to find out when to use a semicolon in a sentence with examples. You can use a semicolon to join two closely related independent clauses. I ve now got a bandage on my head. Jessica serves the underprivileged all day long. I hate sleeping in late. 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The Digestive System of a Chicken Just like humans, chickens can experience a nasty stomachache every now and then. While we humans can easily take an antacid and wait for the discomfort to pass, chickens are not quite so lucky. Digestive discomfort is a bit trickier for chickens and requires extra care to ensure it’s monitored correctly. The best way to avoid such issues altogether is to ensure you have a firm understanding of the digestive system of a chicken. What goes in must come out, and understanding the process will enable you to make the best decisions possible regarding your chickens’ digestive health. Upper digestive system It’s long been asked why the chicken crossed the road, but perhaps a better question is: how can a chicken chew if it doesn’t have any teeth? The simple answer is: they can’t! Chickens peck at their food until it is a safe size to be swallowed whole. It’s imperative, therefore, that chicken feed is small enough that it will not pose a choking hazard. Small food pellets then travel down the esophagus and into the crop. The crop is one of the main differences between a chicken’s and a human’s digestive system. The crop is a sack in the esophagus in which food is stored until it can be properly digested at the chicken’s leisure. The food then travels the remainder of the esophagus until it reaches the stomach. Stomach and gizzard As with most digestive systems, the stomach is where the majority of the action happens. Also known as the proventriculus, the stomach breaks down food even further through the addition of digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid’s volatile nature plays a crucial part in digestion for fowl. Without hydrochloric acid, the unchewed feed pellets would be unable to pass through the rest of the digestive tract, causing severe constipation. Once food has passed through the stomach, it moves to the gizzard, where it is broken down even further. This organ operates a bit like a blender, mixing the feed with the digestive juices until it becomes a smoothly combined substance. Small stones in the gizzard help aid this process along and ensure that all feed is thoroughly broken down. Lower digestive tract Once feed has been ground down in the gizzard, it begins its journey through the lower digestive tract. One of the biggest differences between chickens and humans is that chickens do not have a bladder. Therefore, all urinary wastes produced by the kidneys are disposed of in the same manner as solid waste. All waste passes through a chicken’s cloaca, also referred to as the vent. Because droppings contain both solid and liquid waste, they are usually white and black or brown in color. It may not be the most appealing pastime, but the best way to ensure your chickens have a healthy digestive system is by checking their droppings. This can be difficult, particularly if you keep multiple chickens in the same area. Outfitting the coop with hay for chickens that clearly displays their droppings and maintaining a regular cleaning schedule will allow you to routinely check their droppings without getting your hands too dirty.
Health What is behind these common cold myths? Health What is behind these common cold myths? Good advice is cheap for colds – everyone has a tip to prevent coughs and runny nose. But not every recommendation actually helps. A cold nose, a scratchy throat and maybe even a headache: colds are high season in autumn and winter. Prevention is the best way to avoid catching a cold. However, many popular half-wisdoms are ineffective. Here are the ten most common misconceptions: Myth # 1: Changes in temperature cause colds Temperatures fluctuate greatly in the transition period. Well packed, we leave the house in the morning and sweat in the afternoon sun. So we take everything off and cool off without even realizing it. We don’t catch cold because of the differences in temperature, but because the cold weakens our immune system. The common cold itself is caused by viruses that attack our mucous membranes in the nose, throat, and lungs. Myth # 2: Cold feet are to blame for my runny nose Did you have cold feet all day despite warm socks and socks and lined boots? This could be a sign that a cold is coming. The cold feet are not the cause of the disease, but a symptom, because the infection means that they have less blood supply. Myth # 3: Vitamin C prevents colds Even those who are optimally supplied with vitamin C can catch a cold. This is the conclusion reached by the independent scientific network Cochrane Collaboration when evaluating numerous studies. Only the duration of the illness is shortened slightly. But too little is not good either: Vitamin C deficiency weakens the immune system. A cold is no longer a problem with our tips. The best home remedies for a cold Whether in the subway, in the office or in the supermarket – people cough and sneeze everywhere. In autumn, the cold wave usually hits us with full force. Anyone who feels the first scratchy throat can contain the budding disease with these home remedies. Myth # 4: The flu is just a bad cold Please do not confuse them! In the case of a flu-like infection, i.e. a cold, viruses attack the respiratory tract. A runny nose, sore throat and cough are the most common symptoms and are not bad. Influenza is caused by other pathogens and is a serious illness that can result in high fever, joint pain and nausea, among other things. Myth # 5: A cold is over in three days The popular saying goes: “A cold comes three days, stays three days and goes three days.” In this case he is right. A flu-like infection begins with a scratchy throat, runny nose and cough, and tiredness sets in after a few days. On average, a cold lasts seven days, with or without treatment. Myth # 6: Colds can sweat out A visit to the sauna can make an incipient cold considerably worse because the germs multiply quickly in the hot air and only really stimulate the infection. The heat can also put a strain on the weakened body’s cardiovascular system. Child has a cold This really helps children against coughs From October to March our mother’s heart is on constant alert: Many children torment themselves with coughing attacks all winter. What really helps against it? Dr. Uwe Mellies, Senior Physician in Pediatric Pneumology at the Essen University Hospital, has advice. Myth # 7: Exercise does no harm if you have a cold Like the sauna, exercise should be avoided when a cold is looming. If you jog through the park with a cold, you can almost wait to get really sick. In addition, he puts excessive strain on his cardiovascular system, in the worst case it can lead to myocarditis. Myth # 8: Antibiotics cure colds The all-purpose weapon antibiotics does not help at all with the common cold. Influenza infections are caused by viruses, not bacteria, against which antibiotics are used. Colds are also not cured by the medication, only their symptoms are alleviated. Myth # 9: Flu vaccination also protects against colds Many believe a flu shot also prevents colds. But influenza is caused by completely different types of virus than the flu. A flu shot has no effect on the cold virus. Myth # 10: Always hand to your mouth when coughing and sneezing In the past it was always said: “Put your hand over your mouth when you have to cough or sneeze!” It is now known that the common cold can fly up to five meters, so that bystanders are not protected from infection. In addition, if you cough into your hand and then hand it unwashed to someone else or touch something with it, you leave behind the corresponding viruses. Better: Cough or sneeze into your elbow or into a tissue. More tips on colds and flu: The causes of a cold For which people does the flu pose a particular risk? The symptoms of a cold No Comments Yet Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published.
Best Answer User Avatar Wiki User 2010-03-28 00:09:55 This answer is: User Avatar Study guides Create a Study Guide Add your answer: Earn +20 pts Q: What key do you use on your keyboard for the square root? Write your answer... Related questions How do you use root button on a scientific calculator? usually you input a number, press the root key, and get the square root. How do you use square on the calculator? I am not aware of a square key on a calculator. To get a square input number to be squared followed by multiply (X) and then = to get the answer. If it is square root your are referring to then insert the number which you want to find the square root of followed by the square root key. This brings up the required answer. Hope this helps. Where is the use key on your PC keyboard? it is the enter key What is the square root of 32 in simplest form? I cant use the square root symbol so lets use the word "root" to represent square root. The answer would be 4root2 What is the square root of 1230? 35.0713558335 The easiest method is to use a calculator: first press the key marked with a √ (square root symbol) then type in the number 1230 and press enter. What are the types and use of key on the keyboard? tYPES OF key are:-function key;control key;navigation key; What is the square root of 4x? We use the property of square roots that says the square root of (ab)=square root (a) multiplied by square root of b So square root (4x)=square root (4) mutiplies by square root of x =2(square root (x)) 2sqrt(x) What are your solutions when the three key on a keyboard is not working? If the number three key is not working you may have a dead key. There are two solutions to your problem. You can either purchase an external keyboard that has a plug-in USB and use that - or replace the keyboard. What is the square root of 600? The square root of 600 is 24.49489743...You should use your calculator for such simple sums. It is far quicker and involves fewer key depressions than posting the question on WA. What is the root of 169? -13 or +13 are both square root of 169, but we often use the positive square root, 13, as the principal square root. Why do you use the Tab key on the keyboard? Many people use the Tab key to indent paragraphs. How do you make the square root sign from a keyboard? √3 Use the check mark. Alt or Option v on a Mac How do you find the square root of 20 times the square root of 3? Use a calculator. Why you can't use the at in the key board? why you cant use at symbol in the keyboard Where is the action key on a laptop keyboard? The action key on a laptop keyboard is usually located to the bottom left corner of the keyboard. It allows the user to use the Function Keys (F1...F12). What is use of ctrl key? The ctrl (control) key allows you to perform keyboard shortcuts How do you unlock arrow keys on the Apple Keyboard? Use the F14 key, right above the 'home' key. I have no idea why this works, but it did for my keyboard. How do you access the PS3 virtual keyboard? When you need to use the keyboard it will appear if you use the x key over the spot that requires typing. In other places like in Playstation Home the Option key (triangle shape) brings up the keyboard Can you use the tab key on keyboard instead of the mouse? Why do we use the f1 function key on the keyboard? What is a input device that you use to manually key in or type? A Keyboard? What is something you can use to hold down a key on your keyboard? A brick. How do you unlock the keyboard when it's lock? use a board key. What key do you use on the keyboard to navigate a worksheet? The F5 key is used on the keyboard to navigate a worksheet in Microsoft Excel. This allows you to use the "Go To" feature and move around the various cells on the sheet. What other key can you use to go right? a second key to go right on the keyboard is D.
You are currently viewing Patent Illustration Importance From Multiple Perspectives Patent Illustration Importance From Multiple Perspectives A patent illustration is a visual representation of an invention. Basically, it helps in better understanding of the invention. Patent Illustration includes drawings of embodiment, flow charts, several views, stages, chemical equation, reference numbers etc. However, it is mandatory to draw it in a specific format or standard given by the patent office. Also, the illustration should showcase each feature of your invention mentioned in the claim. So, let’s discuss on patent illustration importance in detail. Related Article:Important Tips and Tricks to Remember about Patent Illustrations How Patent Illustration Importance is declining? Patent illustration importance is decreasing nowadays as financial pressure is restricting companies to invest. Also, there is an availability of advanced drafting tools. These tools have simplified the illustration process. But, the drawings that are made using tools may be well accepted in utility patent. As, they emphasize more on written “claims” of your invention. However, design patents require strong drawing representation to obtain patent protection for your invention. Illustration plays a vital role in the understanding of design patent. Hence, its scope majorly depends on the drawing part. In design patents, illustrations are used for the description of designs primarily for two reasons: • To help patent examiner differentiate your design from other prior designs. • To convince a jury or judge about the infringement done on your design claimed in your patent. Importance of Patent Illustration From Multiple Perspectives Fig 1: Importance of Patent Illustration From Multiple Perspectives How is patent illustration important from multiple perspectives? 1.Inventor’s Perspective Being an inventor you should know that your patent illustration helps the concerned person understand your invention. Also, it adds value to your invention work. 2. Patent Examiner Perspective No matter how complex your invention is, drawing makes it easy to understand. Consequently, it saves efforts and time of the patent examiner leading to avail patent protection more easily. 3. Subject-matter expert’s Perspective Subject matter experts have good technical knowledge about inventions. But, using drawing experts can make your invention more effective. They will surely help you present your invention work with the required number of visuals. This will ultimately impress the examiner. Click Here to Download (Free Samples) 4. Future-Inventor’s Perspective Your patent drawings will be a great help to the new inventors who wish to work on your topic. Related Article: Why you should not avoid accurate patent illustrations? Why Us In view of the above discussion, it is justified that you should not ignore patent illustration importance. Hence, Patent Illustration Express is all you need for quality illustration service. We have a team of highly experienced professionals who have expertise in various domains. Also, they excel in mechanical and electrical engineering, medical, biotechnology,and many other related domains. Moreover, we adhere to the USPTO requirements to deliver you best quality service. To make an enquiry, visit the Patent Illustration Express Services. Other Related Articles: Virtual IP Paralegal: Why Should You Hire One? How to Write a Patent: The Most Important Tips, Tricks and Hacks Patent Filing Process in 3 easy steps Click Here to Download (Free Samples) Leave a Reply
What you need to know about police robot voice and police robots Police say they’ve developed the technology needed to use voice commands to control police robots. The police department is using the voice-recognition technology developed by Google and the software company Accenture to control the robotic arm. The program was developed at the request of the police department, according to the Police Department. It was originally developed as a way to help officers better manage officers on the street, but the department plans to use the technology to assist other departments. The department has been testing the technology in its use of its new automated vehicle. The vehicles are equipped with the voice recognition software that helps them identify suspects. The technology was tested on a new police vehicle that was purchased in March, but was not tested in real-world use until this month. The software is designed to work with a wide variety of voice commands, but not every command is accepted. For example, police say they need to be able to determine whether a person is armed and have the police robot follow commands.
Simulation of bamboo's response to moisture used to prevent mold growth in building materials Mold solution simulates bamboo’s response to moisture when used in construction The WUFI software from Fraunhofer IBP shows a material's response to moisture over time by means of a film. The y axis indicates temperature and moisture content, while the x axis shows a cross-section of the component. Credit: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft As a rapidly growing renewable raw material, bamboo is an ideal substitute for wood. However, bamboo's susceptibility to mold in damp conditions poses a problem. Researchers at Fraunhofer have now analyzed bamboo's response to moisture under specific climatic conditions. By using simulation software, building owners can plan and implement measures to prevent the growth of mold. In the era of climate change, ranks among the most promising . Bamboo is a rapidly growing renewable raw material, which absorbs CO2, and is resource-efficient and biodegradable. For this reason, the is increasingly choosing to use it as a substitute for wood, which is becoming scarce due to the increase in activities across the globe. However, Bambusoideae (scientific name for bamboo), part of the perennial grass family, poses a structural issue: Over the course of their centuries-long lifespan, trees build up resistance to harmful bacteria and mold. The lifespan of a bamboo stem, however, is only 20 years. As a result, it is less able to protect itself and is therefore vulnerable to mold infestation. The Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP is now presenting a solution that helps to forecast bamboo's response to moisture, thereby enabling the humidity of the material to be managed efficiently. "The goal is to prevent the growth of mold without using chemical preservatives that can also harm humans," explains Prof. Dr. Hartwig Künzel, Head of Hygrothermics at Fraunhofer IBP. Laboratory testing to determine material properties The first step was to determine the hygrothermal material properties of bamboo under certain climatic conditions. Following studies in China, further tests were carried out at the outdoor testing facility at Fraunhofer IBP in Holzkirchen near Munich, Germany. Here, bamboo products were exposed to the weather while the climatic conditions were recorded in detail by a meteorological station. An expert team then examined the material in the laboratory. How much water and water vapor did the bamboo absorb? How much was released and how was moisture transported within the material? In the latter case, the material was examined using an MRI scanner, which revealed how the absorbed water was distributed and moved about within the material. Mold solution simulates bamboo’s response to moisture when used in construction In a similar way to wood, bamboo can be used to manufacture sturdy panels. Credit: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Simulation software for all climatic conditions At the technological heart of the project was the hygrothermal WUFI. It uses a transient calculation method that has been validated in experiments across the world. This software enables the thermal and moisture conditions in components and buildings to be realistically simulated. Using the properties determined in the laboratory, the software simulates the behavior of bamboo when exposed to specific climatic conditions and presents the findings using an animated chart that shows progression over time. This can be used to derive the probability that mold will grow. Typically, mold starts to pose a risk to bamboo in ambient conditions of 80 percent relative atmospheric humidity. A construction company that uses bamboo for sustainable building construction can use the software analysis to implement measures that will provide effective framework conditions, such as protection against humidity. "The WUFI software delivers reliable and detailed results on bamboo's response to moisture. This enables construction companies and architects to plan and build ecologically safe and sustainable buildings using bamboo as a building material," says Künzel. In addition, these findings can also be used to open up new areas of application for different materials made from bamboo. The researchers developed the simulation software years ago. In light of the present increase in demand for wood substitutes, researchers at Fraunhofer have now also validated the for bamboo. "There is a variety of versions of WUFI available, depending on the application and requirements. We also license these to international partners," says Künzel. Bamboo is best suited as a wood substitute. It is a fibrous, light material, which offers great long-term stability, and can be used to manufacture panels (such as wall paneling) in a similar way to wood. Bamboo can also be used for floorboards because it is very hard. Due to its flexibility, bamboo is ideal for construction in earthquake areas. Fields of research: indoor climate, structural engineering and biohygrothermics Reeds (Typha) are another environmentally friendly replacement for wood that Fraunhofer IBP has researched in the past. When used to construct walls, reeds act well as a stable, insulating and sustainable building material. Expertise regarding materials which can replace wood only makes up part of the specialist competence offered by Fraunhofer IBP. The institute, with sites in Stuttgart and Holzkirchen, has many years of expertise in building physics. This includes, for example, structural engineering, indoor climate and biohygrothermics, all of which are viewed from the standpoint of sustainability. By means of example, scientists are also researching air conditioning in aircraft and moisture management in packaging. Currently, there are plans for a project to assess the possibilities for climate-stable transport of sensitive goods. Explore further Bamboo lights a fire under Australian construction industry Citation: Simulation of bamboo's response to moisture used to prevent mold growth in building materials (2021, September 1) retrieved 21 October 2021 from https://techxplore.com/news/2021-09-simulation-bamboo-response-moisture-mold.html Feedback to editors
When You Eat Celery Every Day For A Week This May Happen To Your Body Celery, that crunchy and watery vegetable we tend to only eat with dips, has some wonderful health benefits that might just surprise you. While many of us may have thought that celery was only a simple source of fiber and water and didn’t really have any nutritional value, it turns out that this smiley face shaped veggie is loaded with healthy vitamins and minerals. Celery has significant amounts of Vitamins A, B, C, K, calcium, potassium and magnesium. Celery also has high amounts of phytonutrients; natural nutrients that help plants ward off insects and protect from damaging sun rays. Phytonutrients when consumed by humans have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits. They can boost the immune system, increase intracellular communication, and can repair DNA damage that results from toxins. The US department of agriculture suggests that consuming phytonutrients on a regular basis has proven measurable results in combating cancer and heart disease. Here is a list of 12 health benefits that can happen to your body when you eat celery every day for a week: 1. Weight Loss Celery is low in calories, with one stick containing between 10 to 16 calories and high amounts of fiber which can help to curb cravings. 2. Increased Hydration Celery is 95 percent water, so when we consume celery we’re staying hydrated. Staying hydrated promotes cardiovascular health, as it helps with blood volume allowing the heart to work less to get the same amount of oxygen to cells. 3. Anti-Inflammatory Adding celery to your diet can prevent chronic inflammation for those at risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. 4. Prevent Heartburn and Acid Reflux Celery has low acidity and has been recommended as a food for acid reflux and heartburn prevention. Studies are still limited related to this health benefit but numerous positive results are generating higher levels of interest in the research community. 5. Reduces Cholesterol and Blood Pressure Levels A study conducted by the University of Chicago found that a substance called phthalide found in celery reduced cholesterol levels by 7 percent and blood pressure levels by 18 percent. 6. Improves Digestion The fiber content of Celery helps to maintain healthy bowel movements. The insoluble fiber within celery resists digestion, so it stays intact as it travels through the digestive system. Along the way, it absorbs water, which ensures that stool maintains the proper consistency. This function allows it to prevent constipation by keeping stool soft, but it can also boost consistency to help relieve diarrhea. 7. Reduces Stomach Related Disease It can reduce the risk of diseases related to the stomach lining, as studies have discovered that the antioxidants within celery reduce gastric ulcers and the risk of gastritis. 8. Keeps Eyes Healthy The high amounts of vitamin A found in celery help to protect the cornea of the eye, and also help to treat dry eyes. 9. Soothes The Nervous System Humans have long known that celery can help heal and repair the nervous system, as the ancient Greek physician and father of medicine, Hippocrates, once wrote that celery should be used to calm the nerves before falling asleep. This led to celery being used to treat nervous system disorders, and science has later found that the magnesium within celery relaxes the nervous system, can help relieve anxiety, and can help people fall asleep. 10. Can Help Heal UTI’s Some regions of the world use celery to help treat Urinary tract infections, as it has a diuretic effect allowing the body to expel water without losing high amounts of potassium. 11. Mosquito Repellant Studies have found that celery oil extract works effectively as a mosquito repellant when rubbed on the skin. 12. Alkaline Balance In The Body It helps to regulate the alkaline balance of the body. Because of its low acidity levels, celery helps to stabilize pH levels and prevents acidic buildup within the body. Enjoy eating anywhere from 2 to 6 large sticks of celery daily to enjoy these wonderful health benefits. Also, remember to purchase organic celery, as celery consists mostly of water which can absorb pesticides easily. Have you noticed any of the wonderful health benefits from eating celery? Let us know in the comments. See also: Science Explains What Happens To Your Body When You Eat Oatmeal Every Day. Have a wonderfully healthy week. You are loved. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Understanding Compassion (@understanding_compassion) on
Behavioural Counselling Therapy Behavioural Counselling Therapy This approach is based on primary learning comes from experience. The premise is that all behavior is learned. Behavioural counselling and therapy is an action-based It applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviours. The people behave in the way that their environment has taught them to behave. The process behavioural counselling and therapy is to help the client with analyse behaviour, define problems, and select goals. This approach is effective for individuals who require treatment for some sort of behaviour change, like- To help people to learn new behaviours by Behavioural experiments, Role-playing, Assertiveness training, and Self-management training. Four Aspects of Behavioural counselling and therapy 1) Classical Conditioning In classical conditioning, certain respondent behaviours, such as knee jerks and salivation can be a result of a classical conditioning i.e. learning principles—learning that occurs when things get paired together 2) Operant Conditioning It focuses on actions that operate on the environment to produce consequences. If the environmental change brought about by the behaviour is reinforcing, the chances are strengthened that the behaviour will occur again. If the environmental changes produce no reinforcement, the chances are lessened that the behaviour will recur. 3) Social Learning Approach It gives prominence to the reciprocal interactions between an individual’s behaviour and the environment. 4) Cognitive Behaviour Therapy It emphasises cognitive processes and private events (such as client’s self-talk) as mediators of behaviour change. Process of Behavioural counselling and therapy Blackham and Silberman 4 steps of Behavioural counselling 1) Defining the problem The clients are asked to specify when, where, how and with whom the problem arises. 2) Taking a developmental history Knowledge about how the client has handled past circumstances. 3) Establish specific goals Counsellors help clients break down goals into small, achievable goals. 4) Determine the best method for change Helping the client to reach the desired goal by choosing the appropriate method. Continuous assessment of the effectiveness of the method is must. Techniques of Behavioural counselling and therapy: Varoius General behavioural techniques are applicable to all behaviour theories. Following techniques may apply to a particular maladaptive behaviour at a given time in a specific circumstance. Systematic desensitization: This is a Behavioural experiments technique used specifically with phobias and other faulty behavior. It helps the client to pair relaxation with previously feared stimuli. It “teaches” the client a new thing by pairing relaxation with something they fear Aversive therapy: It is a Behavioural experiments method and has the client pair some aversive stimuli (e.g., nausea, pain, disturbing images, etc.) with some behaviour that he/she is having difficulty giving up. For example, Quit drinking might take a drug that makes her nauseous whenever she drinks alcohol. It “teaches” a new thing by pairing a bad experience with some behaviour they want to eliminate. Behaviour Modification programs: These are self management training approaches try to increase positive behaviour and decrease negative behaviour by using reinforcements and punishments in the most effective ways based on learning principles. The counselor will try to help the parents identify in what ways the undesired behaviour is being reinforced and eliminate that reinforcement and help them develop ways to reinforce desired behaviour. Use of Reinforcers: Reinforcers are those events which increase the probability of occurrence of a desired behaviour in the future by applying consequences that depend on the behaviour in question. Positive Reinforcement: The administration of positive consequences to workers who perform desired behaviours- Pay, promotions, interesting work, praise, awards. Negative Reinforcement: The removal of negative consequences when workers perform desired behaviours-Nagging, complaining. Punishment: Administering negative consequences to undesirable behaviours in an effort to decrease the probability that the behaviour will occur again in the future. Shaping: It is a process in which undifferentiated operant behaviours are gradually changed into a desired behaviour pattern by the reinforcement of success approximations, so that the behaviour gets closer and closer to the target behaviour. Modelling: it involves learning through observation and imitation of others. Having a positive role model can give individuals something to aim for, allowing them to change their behaviour to match theirs. This role model may be the therapist or someone the individual already knows Extinction: When pairing of conditioned and unconditional stimulus stops then association weakens and conditioned response becomes less frequent till it disappears. Role playing- It used to identify their own feelings surrounding a given situation while simultaneously learning how others may feel. A very nice demonstration to learn this process is in the Youtube video.;t=328s&ab_channel=AustralianInstituteofProfessionalCounsellors Leave a Reply
The Better Planet Project: Reducing The Negative Impact Of Plastic (AD) A few years ago I wasn’t too worried about our plastic consumption. I avoided single use plastics where it was easy to do so, but most of what we did use we put out on the roadside with our recycling. Then I watched a programme that revealed a huge amount of plastic sent to be recycled isn’t actually recycled and I was shaken. One study suggests over 70% of material collected for recycling is not actually recycled and can ending up in landfill, incinerated or in the ocean! There are lots of reasons for this including: contamination, resources and cost, but the end result is that lots of the plastic I thought was being recycled could now be in landfill (or worse). A pile of plastic ready for recycling Worryingly a large amount of plastic sent for recycling actually ends up being recycled My council is excellent at collecting recycling, the range of materials they accept and how much we can put out for each collection is really good. At my previous address we were only able to leave one box of recycling a week. That’s a huge difference in the amount that could be collected. It’s not just the amount that differs across the country, but what they will accept. Paper, glass and metal collections are pretty universal, but the types of plastics that are collected varies hugely between local authorities. Although my council collect a lot of recycling, I don’t actually know how much of it ends up being recycled. The way the government incentivises councils around recycling makes a big difference. In the past it has been financially beneficial for councils to send plastic abroad to be recycled rather than sort and process it in the UK. Once abroad though it may not be recycled and the UK has effectively washed their hands of it. This has to change. An air plant in a glass dome with a little wooden sign saying the Better Planet Project The Better Planet Project from BetterYou includes a commitment to a more sustainable approach to plastic packaging. The Better Planet Project I think the confusion over what is collected and recycled is having a big impact on what households actually recycle. I would always choose to reduce and reuse over recycling, but the UK really needs to improve the information and processes around recycling. BetterYou is campaigning for a single and universally adopted recycling programme which every local authority should sign-up to. It would involve all recyclable plastic being collected, sorted and processed. Alongside this they hope to educate their customers on how to recycle their packaging. BetterYou are passionate about reducing their impact on the environment. As part of The Better Planet Project they have done extensive research into packaging and find plastic continually comes out on top for the most lightweight, durable and versatile material. It gives the products a long shelf life and is an energy efficient way to to transport their products. But they wanted better plastic. They have developed 2 new types of plastic: a 70% ocean waste, 30% post consumer recycled plastic which removes tonnes of plastic from the ocean each year and a 90% plant based, 10% post consumer recycled plastic. Half of their product range will be packaged in the ocean waste plastic and the other from plant based polymers. Both kinds are fully recyclable. A fabric bag saying The better planet project next to part of a plastic BetterYou magnesium cream which has a logo saying "I'm green" to indicate it comes from plant polymers BetterYou have redeveloped their plastic packaging to make them more sustainable How can you help to reduce plastic going into landfill? Think carefully about the products you buy and how they are packaged. Only buy what you need and make informed choices about what you do buy eg the BetterYou products packaged in plant based or recycled plastic. We try and avoid as many single use plastics as we can at home. Some of the plastic we do use we wash out and reuse eg: Our margarine tubs are reused for storage or plant pots. We buy many of our plastic toys second hand and pass on toys that we no longer use. Try and recycle as much of the plastic you use as possible, but this may be limited by your council. If your local recycling facility is unable to recycle your BetterYou packaging you can email to be sent a freepost envelope and send the used BetterYou packaging back to them for them to recycle. Encourage Change Sign the petition and help get Parliament to debate the need for a national unified programme of household and industrial waste plastic collection/recycling. Lobby your local MP to put pressure on your local authority to provide greater clarity and accountability for the amount of recycling process. A fabric bag saying "BetterYou" a plastic magnesium lotion and Vitamin C spray next to a booklet called "Plastic Pollution to Plastic Solution" BetterYou have improved their plastic packaging and are campaigning for better plastic recycling too *Disclosure: This post is written in collaboration with BetterYou. The need for plastic recycling is something I am really passionate about.* No comments
What Life Was Really Like For Women During WWII From a big picture perspective, war is always a terrible thing. Estimates of the total number of casualties during World War II vary greatly between sources, but the National WWII Museum says the war took the lives of approximately 15,000,000 soldiers and more than 45,000,000 civilians (though some estimates place the number of civilian deaths in China alone at more than 50,000,000). So that's terrible, and frankly, if we could just settle our differences without killing each other and blowing up cities, well, the world would be a much better place. But not everything about war is bad. World War II was also a time of progress, both technologically and socially. Before the 1940s, women were pretty much stuck in the home, relegated to those old gender-based expectations of becoming a wife and and mother and not much else. But during World War II, all kinds of new opportunities opened up for women. Here's what it was like to be female in wartime America, circa 1944. A lot of women got married young, just before their husbands were shipped out Most of the young soldiers who fought during World War II didn't join voluntarily, they were "called up." The draft was a very scary reality for a lot of young men, but it was also a very scary reality for young women — not because they had to worry about getting shipped off to a foreign country to fight and possibly die in a war, but because they had worry that that was going to happen to their sweetheart. According to the National World War II museum, the marriage industry was doing quite a brisk business as young couples decided they'd better get hitched now or not at all. Those hasty marriages helped solidify fledgling relationships across the miles, but they also ensured that young women would be looked after while their husbands were overseas. In 1942 there were 1.8 million weddings — that was a whopping 83 percent increase over the previous decade. More than two-thirds of these weddings were between a woman and a newly-enlisted man. There were so many weddings, in fact, that some of the people who were actually performing the ceremonies feared that couples might not really know what they were getting into. One rector even wrote a booklet entitled "Marriage Is a Serious Business," which warned against a "hasty marriage, caused by glamour and excitement rather than by genuine affection," calling it "one of the evil products of war." WWII was great for women's rights Before a huge percentage of the male population left the country to fight overseas, women were stuck in those tired old gender roles — they were expected to take care of the house, cook the meals, raise the children, and not much else. But with so much of the male workforce absent, US companies found that they needed people rather desperately, and they stopped caring so much whether those people were of the male persuasion. Meanwhile, according to the National World War II Museum, the Germans were reluctant to take women out of those traditional gender roles in order to serve the war effort — women, it was believed, were needed to have Nazi babies with Nazi soldiers. In America, it was the era of Rosie the Riveter. Even if you don't know her name you're almost certainly familiar with her face. Dressed in a pair of coveralls with a red polka-dot bandana, Rosie was the poster girl for working women during the 1940s. She told women that it was not only okay to leave the home and join the workforce, it was also their patriotic duty. During World War II, around 6 million women entered the workforce, becoming electricians, welders, engineers, machinists, and other jobs traditionally reserved for men. In fact there's a pretty good argument to be made that without World War II, women might have remained stuck in the home for decades beyond the 40s and 50s. WWII gave women a reason to learn self-sufficiency Traditional women's roles include cooking, cleaning, changing diapers, washing diapers because there weren't disposable diapers back then, while asking your husband to check the oil on your car, to change the lightbulbs, and repair broken stuff. Because if a woman picked up a hammer or a wrench or a screwdriver, not only might she no longer have perfect, unbroken skin on her hands, she might also create a rift in the space-time continuum or something. Before World War II, women didn't typically try to fix things when they broke. They didn't even think they were capable of fixing things up when they broke, largely because men had been telling them for centuries that they're not capable of fixing things that break. But History says that once the men were all off to war, everything changed. Not only were women learning trades that required the use of tools, they also needed to learn to repair things around the house just out of necessity. So the partial absence of men during the war years in America basically taught women that they, well, don't really need men. We mostly think of feminism as something that was born in the 1960s, but it began long before, with World War II giving it a major boost as large numbers of women traded their wooden spoons for a rivet gun. Women didn't just work civilian jobs during WWII, either Women in America weren't drafted, but they were strongly encouraged to join the war effort. According to History, the rousing motto "free a man up to fight" was meant to bring women into the armed forces, you know, so they could feel personally responsible that the guy who used to sit in their warm office answering telephones all day is now out there on the front lines shivering inside a foxhole. But it was all in the name of patriotism. Anyway, most women — about 70 percent of them — took traditionally female jobs like typing, filing, and sorting mail. But some of them became Naval Intelligence translators, some of them became truck drivers, some were engineers or radio operators — for the most part, they filled positions as they were needed. There was even an all-black, all-female battalion assigned to process mail, which was piling up in enormous quantities. (Just mail processing, though? Really?) The idea that women could work military jobs (though granted, they were not combat positions) would have been scandalous in another time, but with the dire shortage of men it was suddenly a "golden opportunity." No one wanted to put able-bodied men behind switchboards or in front of filing cabinets when they could be on the front lines. Well, the able-bodied men might have preferred that, but nobody asked them. For the first time, women could serve as military pilots Women pilots were not a new idea during World War II — Amelia Earhart made headlines only a few years before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, so it's not like the idea of women flying airplanes was especially shocking or anything. Plenty of women had pilot's licenses, it's just that they weren't allowed to join the Air Force. After America entered the war, it became clear that the military needed its male pilots out there fighting dogfights, which meant they needed non-male pilots to do some of the more menial tasks, like ferrying airplanes from place to place. The obvious answer: Women's Air Force Service Pilots, or WASPs. According to History, these were the first women to fly military aircraft — they flew new planes from factories to Air Force bases, they flew cargo planes, and they sometimes even participated in target missions and simulation strafing. But officially, they weren't members of the military. As "civil service employees," they were ineligible for military honors or benefits, and it took a very long time before they got the official recognition they deserved. In 2010, the WASPs were finally granted full military status, and they were also awarded the Congressional Gold Medal. It was 65 years too late, but whatever. Better late than never. During WWII, combat nurses were often in harm's way Women were still thought of as "the weaker sex" during the 1940s, and most of the time they would be put in "safe" jobs while men were assigned to the more dangerous positions. But not all women's jobs were safe, and combat nursing was one example. During World War II the need for medical professionals was profound, for pretty obvious reasons. War equals wounds, wounds equal blood loss, and blood loss has to be treated fast or the wounded soldier will die. When you have only minutes to save somebody's life, there isn't time to move that person from the front lines to whatever safe location you put all your nurses in. So combat nurses, by necessity, had to be really close to the front lines. According to History, combat nurses had to endure the mud, cold, and heat, just the same as the male soldiers did, and they were also in physical danger. Near the front lines, they could be killed by aircraft fire or artillery attack. Women also served as flight nurses — specially-trained combat nurses who understood the specifics of caring for patients at high altitudes. Flight nurses typically worked in unmarked aircraft (the planes doubled as military supply transporters, so they couldn't have a red cross marking), which meant they were vulnerable to attack. So not only were the women of World War II patriotic and capable, they were also pretty danged brave. One guess if women and men got equal pay during WWII Once employers realized that women could do those traditionally male roles just as well as men could, they were more than happy to pay their new employees exactly the same salaries as they'd paid the employees they'd lost to the draft. Ha. Hahaha. No, employers did not compensate their female employees as well as they'd compensated their male employees, because of course they didn't. It was the 1940s, and if people today haven't figured out how to give women and men equal pay for equal work, it's pretty laughable to think that they would have had that figured out in the 40s. Instead, employers basically just viewed their new female workers as cheap temporary labor, and really didn't see why they should have to pay them fairly. According to Striking Women, there was a halfhearted effort in the United Kingdom to secure equal pay for women during World War II, and employers were supposed to pay them the same as men if they could do the same jobs "without assistance or supervision." That was enough of a loophole that employers still managed to get away with paying their female employees about 53 percent of what they'd been paying the men. Across the pond, it wasn't much better — in 1944 skilled men could expect to earn around $55 a week, while skilled women could earn closer to $31, or about 56 percent of what the men earned. California, here we come Wartime industry was booming on the Pacific Coast. Workers were needed in California, and a lot of women made the bold decision to go where the jobs were. With their husbands overseas, the ideal of remaining close to home mattered a lot less. According to Smithsonian, close to 10 percent of federal government expenditures during World War II were spent in California, and those opportunities attracted people from all over the country, especially from economically disadvantaged states. In fact, the migration to California during World War II was history's largest mass migration within the country's borders. Some federal jobs even came with child care. If you were used to struggling to make ends meet, it was kind of hard to turn down those kinds of opportunities, even if it meant pulling up your roots and traveling halfway across the country to a brand new state. For a while, it was the California dream. Women from rural farming communities could work in California factories for salaries that were unheard of back home. But alas, even talented, hard-working women couldn't permanently overcome the deep systemic misogyny that still existed in the workplace, and when the war ended a lot of them were dismissed from their jobs so their male counterparts could have their jobs back. Some women returned to their home states, while others found new opportunities in California, which still had more promise than many of the communities they'd come from. The marriage boom was big, and so was the divorce boom Before the 1940s, divorce was practically a scandal. After all, "Til death do us part" would not have been in those vows if you weren't supposed to mean it. But it can be pretty hard to survive those long years of separation, especially when the marriage was sort of hasty to begin with. According to a study published by the American Journal of Sociology in 1990, World War II veterans were more likely to divorce in the years following the war than non-veterans. No one can really say for sure why the divorce rate was so high for veterans, but it seems possible that it had to do with distance and the lack of communication between wives and husbands. After all, there was no such thing as Skype in the 1940s, and soldiers couldn't exactly make phone calls from the front lines. So not only were you separated from your spouse by distance, the only communication you had from him was through letters or telegrams. Letters sometimes took so long to arrive that you had no way of knowing whether he'd been killed after he sent the letter, so there was always the possibility you were reading the last words he'd ever say to you. That kind of stress is pretty hard on a marriage, and it can also elevate your absent spouse to an ideal that he can't possibly hope to uphold when he gets home. Some people were threatened by working women It probably will not surprise you hear that not everyone was super enthusiastic about the idea of women in the workplace. Even though it was clearly a positive thing for the war effort, there were still plenty of people who did not think it was appropriate to have women working as engineers or mechanics or, god forbid, pilots. According to the National World War II Museum, the male counterparts of working women didn't exactly welcome them into the workplace. The fact that women proved to be capable workers was threatening to a lot of career males, who saw them as encroaching on work spaces that had been traditionally reserved for men and men alone. And those dudes couldn't just keep it to themselves, either — many disgruntled men thought they needed to fight back, and unfortunately, the weapons they chose were often verbal abuse, harassment, and refusal to treat their female coworkers with the same respect they reserved for fellow males. Employers — who were greatly benefiting from having women in the workplace — tried to appease everyone by separating the men from the women and, of course, paying women less because obviously. But outside the workplace there was also grumbling — lots of people worried that the basic family structure of the provider husband and the subservient wife was going to unravel, and then eek ... powerful women with voices and independence! Noooo! The UK actually drafted women in WWII The United States has never had a tradition of drafting women, but that's not true of other nations. As it became clear that women are just as capable of performing important jobs as men are, some governments decided that equal opportunity meant drafting men and women in equal numbers. According to the BBC, in the spring of 1941 the UK started requiring all women between the ages of 18 and 60 to register. For the first couple of years, the military was mostly just interested in women between 20 and 30, but by the middle of 1943 something like 90 percent of all unmarried women in the UK and 80 percent of married women were employed in military and war-related jobs. New recruits were told they would not be in harm's way, but because Britain was a frequent target for German aircraft, that promise wasn't really good for much. Women in the UK, like women across the pond, performed admirably in their jobs, and like American women, they made less than the men did. So much for equal opportunity. In conflict zones, women were often victims of violence Since the beginning of time, violence against women has been one of the side effects of war. You might imagine that we've come a long way since then, and we sort of have — these days there are international laws against harming civilians during wartime, and it's no longer something soldiers feel entitled to do. But that doesn't mean it doesn't happen anymore. According to Cambridge Core, roughly 1.4 to 1.9 million German women were victims of sexual violence during World War II, mostly perpetrated by Russian soldiers. About 10 percent of those women committed suicide after their ordeal. And the Russians didn't exactly have a monopoly on wartime violence against women, either — U.S., French, and German soldiers did it, too, and justified it as something that they could do to "enemy women." Even consensual couplings were frowned upon, especially if it was between a woman and an enemy soldier. After the war was over, women in countries that had been occupied by the Germans could face punishment for being "sexual collaborators," or for providing "comfort" to the enemy, so it didn't really matter if it was a violent encounter or a consensual one, women were still had to endure the dire consequences.
Medals Of The European Danube Commission Fig. 1. Lifeguard medal with ribbonFig. 2. Medal of the European Danube Commission Fig. 3. Medal commemorating fifty years of the European Danube Commission Fig. 4. Medal commemorating seventy-five years since the founding of the European Danube Commission The 1906 bulletin of the Romanian Numismatic Society published two medals of the European Danube Commission, one of which was issued in 1900, the other in 1902. 1. LIFEGUARD MEDAL AND RIBBONThis medal was awarded continuously to EDC staff within the Lifeguard Service from 1902 onwards, accompanied by substantial prizes for specially trained sailors. The following description is based on a rare example of the medal, owned by a collector in Bucharest. The medal can probably also be found in the possession of the descendents of lifeguards in Romania.Obverse. A naked old man with a long beard, the god Danubius, wearing a crown of aquatic plants. He is lying on his side, at the edge of the Danube, on a bed of sand, leaning his elbow against a stone pipe from which water is flowing into the river. In his left hand, the god holds a trident, planted upright in the reeds. On the Danube, in front of the quays, rides a ship. The inscription on the edge is COMMISSION EUROPÉENNE DU DANUBE Reverse. In the centre, there is a rectangular plaque with a border, in which the name of the lifeguard and the date of the award were inscribed, against a wreath of laurel leaves. Above it there is a star with a circular burst of rays. The ribbon of the medal has the vertical bands of the EDC flag: red, white, blue, white, red. The contour is inscribed COURAGE ET DEVOUEMENT The medal is cast from silver, and has a diameter of 37 mm. The god Danubius. The mythological attributes of Danubius are not explicit, but were rather borrowed from Neptune. The Neptunalia were celebrated in Rome on 21 June. Similarly, in ancient Dobrudja, the god Ister, the Danube counterpart of Poseidon, was worshipped by the Greeks of the region. 2. THE MEDAL OF THE EUROPEAN DANUBE COMMISSION The medal was issued on the occasion of the inauguration of the Sulina Maritime Canal, on 21 October 1902, in the presence of Prince Ferdinand and Princess Maria, the heirs to the throne of Romania. Obverse. Identical to the obverse of the Lifeguard medal. Reverse. A simple, twelve-line inscription: LE - GRAND CANAL - DU BRAS DE SOULINA - A ÉTÉ ACHEVÉ - EN OCTOBRE 1902 - ET INAUGURÉ - EN PRÉSENCE DE LEURS - ALTESSES ROYALES - LE PRINCE - ET LA PRINCESSE - FERDINAND - DE ROUMANIE The medal was cast from silver and bronze, and has a diameter of 37 mm. 3. FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY MEDAL OF THE EUROPEAN DANUBE COMMISSIONOn the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the European Danube Commission in 1906, an engraved medal was issued, cast from silver and bronze, and with a diameter of 60 mm. Obverse. The medal repeats the figure of the god Danubius engraved on the above two medals. Reverse. In the middle of a wreath of oak and laurel leaves, the year of the anniversary, 1856-1906, is engraved within a frame. Above the frame, the following inscription is engraved: ARTICLE 16 DU TRAITE DE PARIS DU 30 MARS 1856. 4. MEDAL COMMEMORATING THE SEVENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE EUROPEAN DANUBE COMMISSION The seventy-fifth anniversary of the founding of the European Danube Commission was celebrated in 1931, with only a part of the governments that signed the original treaty in 1856 in attendance. Following the political events that took place in Europe and on the Danube after the First World War, a part of the states that participated in the Paris Treaty, namely Germany, Austria, Russia and Turkey, were no longer part of the commission. Thus, in 1931, only four states, Britain, France, Italy and Romania took part in EDC activities. The medal was cast in silver and bronze in Paris, and has a diameter of 60 mm. Obverse. Symbols of the union of multiple national, political, economic and social interests on the Danube, represented by the goddess Juno, protector of all communions (weddings) and also waters, in this case the united interests of the European Danube Commission.A comely woman, with a visibly maternal abdomen, her hair gathered in a bunch, she is dressed in transparent veils, flowing to her ankles. She is seated on the left bank of the Danube, at the point where it empties into the sea. Resting on a massive imperial throne, the goddess gazes towards the sun rising from the sea, and points to it. In her left hand, she holds a trident, planted vertically in the sandy soil, studded with aquatic plants, predominantly reeds.With her right hand, she makes a protective gesture towards Sulina and over the curved dykes that outline the channel leading into the Danube.On the river float vessels of all sizes, including one that enters the channel against the rising sun, symbolising free and unhindered navigation on the Danube, the principal mission of the European Commission.The breeze from the sea blows the smoke from another ship upstream, as it manoeuvres in the middle of the navigable channel.On the right shore of the Danube can be descried the buildings of Sulina, including the tall lighthouse, which dominates the scene.At the base of the jetty on the right bank can be remarked a large building: the Administrative Palace of the European Danube Commission.On the side of the throne on which the goddess is seated, leaning her elbow, can be found the following inscription: ARTICLE 16 DU TRAITE DE PARIS DU 30 MARS 1856. The last paragraph of Article 16 of the Paris Peace Treaty enjoined the establishment of the European Danube Commission.The edge of the medal has the following inscription: 1856 - COMMISSION EUROPEENE DU DANUBE - 1931The goddess Juno, found on the obverse of the medal, is synonymous with the Greek goddess Hera. She was the protector of maternity and marriage, and was worshipped on 1 March every year with sacrifices of lambs. The month of June is named after the Roman goddess. Her image can be seen in a fresco at Pompeii, in the same pose, whence we may suppose that the engraver took his inspiration. Along with Athene, Hera was one of three goddesses who took part in the Judgement of Paris, son of the King of Troy, who in the end chose Aphrodite. Reverse: the circular outline of the medal bears the inscription:INAUGURATION DES NOUVELLES DIGUES DE SOULINA - MCMXXXI - On the reverse, the medal bears the official arms of the four states which, in 1931, still governed the activities of the European Danube Commission. Clockwise, they are the Royal Coat of Arms of Romania, the Arms of the Kingdom of Italy, the Arms of the Republic of France, and the Arms of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In the centre of the medal there is the symbol of Juno's trident, as in the other medals with the god Danubius. by Petre Covacef
Thursday, February 11, 2021 Saint Haralambos and the Plague of 1753 in Trypi The village of Trypi is 9 km to the west of Sparta and belongs to the municipality of Mystras, in the southern Peloponnese. There, next to the Church of the Holy Trinity, is a shrine dedicated to Saint Haralambos, which is accompanied by a marble cross, at the base of which is the following inscription: ΕΤΕΙ 1753 God in the Highest Saint Haralambos Struck Herein In the year 1753 The Plague In the Area of Trypi In the Form of an Old Woman Enjoining our Ancestors To Ascribe The inscription records an incident we know about from word of mouth and from generation to generation (according to interviews of locals in 1970), when the village of Trypi was struck with a deadly plague in 1753, and having no other means of salvation, the faithful sought the aid of the patron saint against deadly plagues, Saint Haralambos. In iconography, Saint Haralambos is often depicted crushing the plague in the form of a monstrous woman who spews smoke from her mouth. This is because before his martyrdom in the 2nd century, when he was 112 years old, he prayed to God to be allowed to help those who honored his memory to be a deliverer from all plagues and famines. Since then, when the faithful invoke Saint Haralambos, especially if they are in possession of a relic of his, there is an assurance that the deadly plague will vanish, and this has been confirmed numerous times, just like it was in Trypi in 1753. A man from Trypi named John was the first to show the terrible symptoms of the disease. Frightened, his fellow villagers hurried to isolate their compatriot in a rock cave located at the location "the two high boulders", under the road that still comes from Sparta to Trypi. There, every day, food, water and other necessities went to "Panouklo-Yiannis" (hence his name in the local history and tradition, which means "Plagued-John") leaving them somewhere far away so that they would not come in contact with him and catch the terrible disease. Since then, this cave was named after poor John and is still called: "Panouklo-Yiannis' Cave". Immersed in terror and agony, the inhabitants of Trypi, after the tragic incident, rushed to see who would be the next victims of the plague and did nothing but pray and supplicate to the Virgin Mary and the Saints (especially to Saint Haralambos) to guard against the terrible disease that had knocked on the door of their village, and had ravaged nearby areas. And then the miracle happened. The Turkish Aga of the village, Bekir Aga, who had his residence in a place overlooking the location "Xenitsa" and was sitting at dusk on the porch, accompanied by his servants who took care of his every wish, saw (both he and his companion) an ugly old woman, toothless and disheveled, coming fiercely from the side of Mystras leaning on a rosy staff. She was none other than the terrible Plague (whom they called Panoukla) that came to infect the ENTIRE village. When the old woman Panoukla arrived at the village, exactly where the Church of the Holy Trinity is today, there was seen from above the road, from the top of the hill where the old Church of Saint George is still located, shooting downhill, a white-haired old man with a long beard, whose face shone like the moon. He was none other than Saint Haralambos who, hearing from his icon located there in in the Church of Saint George, the prayers of the people of Trypi, came to prevent evil. He caught up with Panoukla before entering the village, threw her down and started kicking her in the chest. She screamed horribly and fired from her mouth, struggling to escape the Saint, until she died. Bekir Aga and his Turkish servants confessed what they saw to the people of Trypi and they, with their priest in front, went up to the Church of Saint George and in front of the icon of the wonderworker Saint Haralambos, they prayed and did a Divine Liturgy to thank him for the protection he brought to their village. After a few days, in remembrance of the miracle, they erected at the place where the Saint stopped the old woman Panoukla a thick wooden tree with an iron Cross wedged on its top and on this wood hung a small "Lantern" with glass for the oil lamp of Saint Haralambos, which was reverently lit by the people of Trypi and the passers-by. And the result in Trypi was that after Panouklo-Yiannis no other Trypiotis got sick from this terrible epidemic disease. That is why the belief of the people of Trypi in the miracle of Saint Haralambos was unquestionable and this miracle survived in the collective memory and is handed down from generation to generation as a testimony of Truth. As the years passed, as a sign of reverence and gratitude, the people of Trypi built the Chapel of Saint Haralambos right next to the Church of Saint George, on the top of the hill, and when the Church of the Holy Trinity was built, they built at the place of the miracle a marble Cross where they engraved the memory of the miracle together with a shrine with the image of Saint Haralambos. Next to the shrine still stands the wood of the Cross, unaltered after 270 years!, a living witness and testimony of the great and unrepeatable miracle of Saint Haralambos. Become a Patreon supporter: Thank you!
hidden local symmetry Fields and quanta fields and particles in particle physics and in the standard model of particle physics: force field gauge bosons scalar bosons matter field fermions (spinors, Dirac fields) flavors of fundamental fermions in the standard model of particle physics: generation of fermions1st generation2nd generation3d generation quarks (qq) neutralelectron neutrinomuon neutrinotau neutrino bound states: mesonslight mesons: pion (udu d) ρ-meson (udu d) ω-meson (udu d) ϕ-meson (ss¯s \bar s), charmed heavy mesons: bottom heavy mesons: B-meson (qbq b) ϒ-meson (bb¯b \bar b) proton (uud)(u u d) neutron (udd)(u d d) (also: antiparticles) effective particles hadrons (bound states of the above quarks) in grand unified theory minimally extended supersymmetric standard model dark matter candidates auxiliary fields In the effective field theory sigma-models for Goldstone bosons (such as mesons in chiral perturbation theory of QCD) the global symmetry (e.g. chiral symmetry) may typically be enhanced to a “hidden” local gauge symmetry that exhibits the source vector fields (notably: vector mesons) as gauge fields of a (flavour) gauge theory. In chiral perturbation theory, the gauge bosons of the hidden local chiral symmetry are identified with the vector mesons. The minimal coupling of these two the baryons yields the vector meson dominance-model of quantum hadrodynamics. In intersecting D-brane models, such as in holographic QCD, this is geometrically brought out by open strings ending on “flavor branes” instead of “color branes”. color chargeflavor charge gauge bosonsgluons (gauge group-local symmetry) (flavor-hidden local symmetry) Relation to Skyrmions It is astounding that Skyrme had suggested his model as early as in 1961 before it has been generally accepted that pions are (pseudo) Goldstone bosons associated with the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry, and of course long before Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) has been put forward as the microscopic theory of strong interactions. The revival of the Skyrme idea in 1983 is due to Witten who explained the raison d’ˆetre of the Skyrme model from the viewpoint of QCD. In the chiral limit when the light quark masses m um_u, m dm_d, m sm_s tend to zero, such that the octet of the pseudoscalar mesons π, K , η become nearly massless (pseudo) Goldstone bosons, they are the lightest degrees of freedom of QCD. The effective chiral Lagrangian (EχL) for pseudoscalar mesons, understood as an infinite expansion in the derivatives of the pseudoscalar (or chiral) fields, encodes, in principle, full information about QCD. The famous two-term Skyrme Lagrangian can be understood as a low-energy truncation of this infinite series. Witten has added an important four-derivative Wess–Zumino term to the original Skyrme Lagrangian and pointed out that the overall coefficient in front of the EχL is proportional to the number of quark colours N cN_c. Soon after Witten’s work it has been realized that it is possible to bring the Skyrme model and the Skyrmion even closer to QCD and to the more customary language of constituent quarks. It has been first noticed [[6, 7a, 7b, 8]] that a simple chiral invariant Lagrangian for massive (constituent) quarks QQ interacting with the octet chiral field π A\pi_A (A=1,...,8)(A = 1, ..., 8), =Q¯(/Me iπ Aλ Aγ 5F π)Q\mathcal{L} = \overline{Q} \left( \partial\!\!\!\!/ - M e^{ \tfrac{i \pi^A \lambda^A \gamma_5}{F_\pi} } \right) Q induces, via a quark loop in the external pseudoscalar fields (see Fig. 3.1), the EχL whose lowest-derivative terms coincide with the Skyrme Lagrangian, including automatically the Wess–Zumino term, with the correct coefficient! The condition that the winding number of the trial field is unity needs to be imposed to get a deeply bound state, that is to guarantee that the baryon number is unity. [[9]] The Skyrmion is, thus, nothing but the mean chiral field binding quarks in a baryon. Origin of effective field theory of mesons in nuclear physics, via hidden local gauge symmetry: Further original articles: Equivalence between hidden local symmetry- and massive Yang-Mills theory-description of Skyrmion quantum hadrodynamics: • Atsushi Hosaka, H. Toki, W. Weise, Skyrme Solitons With Vector Mesons: Equivalence of the Massive Yang-Mills and Hidden Local Symmetry Scheme, 1988, Z. Phys. A332 (1989) 97-102 (spire:24079) In view of the chiral anomaly WZW term: • Michio Hashimoto, Hidden Local Symmetry for Anomalous Processes with Isospin/SU(3)SU(3) Breaking Effects, Phys. Rev. D54 (1996) 5611-5619 (arXiv:hep-ph/9605422) With emphasis on Skyrmions involving vector mesons: • Yong-Liang Ma, Ghil-Seok Yang, Yongseok Oh, Masayasu Harada, Skyrmions with vector mesons in the hidden local symmetry approach, Phys. Rev. D87:034023, 2013 (arXiv:1209.3554) • Mannque Rho, Skyrmions and Fractional Quantum Hall Droplets Unified by Hidden Symmetries in Dense Matter (arXiv:2109.10059) Hadrons as KK-modes of 5d Yang-Mills theory with a hyperbolic space-variant in: and further developed in the nuclear matrix model: In relation to Yang-Mills monopoles: More on mesons in holographic QCD: In D-brane models Further interpretation/derivation of hidden local symmetry in holographic QCD: Last revised on October 6, 2021 at 08:28:38. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.
IP and COVID-19 Pharmaceutical Executive, Pharmaceutical Executive-03-01-2021, Volume 41, Issue 3 Disputes over mRNA-related patents are poised to persist. Today’s headlines are filled with stories about the new mRNA vaccines to address the COVID-19 pandemic. But what types of patent disputes could potentially be on the horizon for mRNA vaccine-related technology post-COVID? In nature, when a cell wants to make a protein that is encoded by a specific gene, it transcribes its DNA into mRNA, and then that mRNA is translated into the specific protein that the gene encodes. The innovators of mRNA vaccines have figured out a way to use man-made mRNA molecules that encode viral proteins in formulations that elicit a protective immunological response to viruses. The mRNA molecules in COVID vaccines are the precursor code for making the COVID surface spike protein of the coronavirus. The mRNA molecules are generally contained in a delivery system that protects the molecules and allows the mRNA to enter cells. Once inside the cells, the mRNA is released and instructs the cells to make copies of the COVID spike protein. The protein is identified by the immune system as foreign and an antibody response is initiated. These antibodies protect against COVID. Hundreds of mRNA-related vaccine patents have been filed globally in recent years. A September 2020 study found that patent filing activity related to mRNA vaccine development has accelerated dramatically in the last five years. The study identified 113 patent families directed to mRNA vaccines, 70% of which were filed by those in the life sciences industry.1 Almost half of the mRNA vaccine patent applications belong to four companies: Moderna, BioNTech (which partnered with Pfizer for the Pfizer COVID vaccine), CureVac, and GlaxoSmithKline. Many of these patents and patent applications claim compositions, such as mRNA delivery platforms; others claim modifications to the mRNA to increase stability of the molecule or to decrease immunogenicity. The study suggests that mRNA vaccine patent filings will continue to grow due to increased investment in this potent new technology. BioNTech has more than a dozen patents and applications related to its mRNA COVID vaccine, including modified mRNA structures, mRNA formulations, and mRNA manufacturing processes. Moderna also has many patents and applications covering the COVID technology, ranging from compositions and formulations to manufacturing processes. Moderna has pledged not to assert its patents during the pandemic, but post-pandemic, it may choose to defend its rights. At this point, Pfizer and BioNTech have not publicly stated a position. With so much patent activity concerning mRNA-related technology, it is inevitable that patent disputes will arise. Moderna is already in an ongoing dispute with Arbutus Biopharma regarding Arbutus’ patented delivery system technology. In 2016, Moderna lost its contractual rights to the Arbutus delivery system patents and has since filed inter partes proceedings in the US Patent and Trademark Office against Arbutus and invalidated two of the patents at issue.2 The results of these proceedings may encourage others to challenge delivery system and other mRNA-related patents in the future. Moderna has not been alone in dealing with contentious proceedings. In October 2020, Allele Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals filed a lawsuit against Pfizer and BioNTech in the Southern District of California, alleging that its mRNA COVID vaccine was developed using Allele’s patented fluorescent protein without a license. If Allele is successful, it may encourage other companies with patented inventions used as tools to develop mRNA-related technologies to challenge companies with successful products. That could potentially cause an avalanche of patent disputes in the biotechnology area that could last for decades. Considering the complex web of technologies that are needed to develop mRNA-related advancements, some licensing collaborations and agreements may become strained due to conflicts, such as government interests in mRNA vaccine programs. During the pandemic, governments may expropriate IP, force compulsory licenses, or put strict price controls in place. After the pandemic is controlled, there may be contentious proceedings for many years as companies resolve royalty and other licensing disputes. Pfizer, Moderna, and other vaccine developers may also have to deal with constraints against filing lawsuits, depending on external pressures for continued third-party involvement in production of mRNA vaccines. This may ultimately temper the appetite for filing patent lawsuits and encourage competitors to collaborate to avoid government regulation. Only time will tell whether the current pandemic is followed by a never-ending cascade of new litigation, or new forms of collaboration that curb the volume of patent disputes. 1. Martin, M., and Lowery, D., mRNA Vaccines: Intellectual Property Landscape. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 19:578 (2020). 2. IPR2018-00680; IPR2018-00739; IPR2019-00554 Patrice P. Jean, JD, PhD, Partner, Lynn Russo, JD, PhD, Associate; both with Hughes Hubbard & Reed
Cotton Candy Cotton Candy.m4a Cotton candy is a popular treat at carnivals, sporting events, and state fairs. Cotton candy was invented in 1897 when dentist William Morrison and candy maker John Wharton worked together. They teamed up to create a machine that spun heated sugar to create the floss of cotton candy. Their cotton candy, known as “Fairy Floss,” was sold to the public at the World Fair in 1904. The cotton candy was served in a box for 25 cents each. The World Fair ran for six months and over 68,000 boxes of cotton candy were sold during that time. The inventors made over $17,000 which translates to about half a million dollars today. They later went on to sell both the cotton candy and the machine. In 1949, the first factory made cotton candy machine was created. Cotton candy contains only two ingredients: sugar and air. The machine was designed to melt the sugar into a liquid and then spin in the hot air. Others made improvements to the original machine throughout the coming years. When cotton candy originally debuted at the World Fair, it was white and not flavored. Later, cotton candy became available in pink or blue. Today, you can get a variety of flavors and colors of cotton candy, and can find new ideas like the cotton candy burrito (which is a cotton candy shell with rolled up ice cream and sprinkles), cotton candy marshmallows, cotton candy pancakes, and cotton candy pizza. Cotton candy remains a favorite treat of today. A bag of cotton candy has less sugar and calories than a can of soda, candy apples, or funnel cakes. The longest cotton candy was the length of 13 football fields.
Decoding 'Kanyadaan': An insight into the most argued custom in Indian weddings The true meaning behind Kanyadaan and what happened next Kanya-daan literally translates to daughter-donation, and people are not ok with this traditionImage: The Bridge Chronicle For the world, Indian weddings are all about the fairy-tale-like, four-day-long extravaganza. As the new Netflix original 'The Big Day' suggests, - glamorous bride and groom, dolled-up baratis, and an overall larger than life celebration are what define an Indian wedding. From afar, it is nothing but a real-life movie. But when you are a part of the wedding, you realise that our traditions are often questionable (possible wrong) and misogynist in nature. Bollywood actress Dia Mirza made the news in February this year after denying to follow some of these customs at her wedding. Mirza chose a female priest and said no to Kanyadaan; in an attempt towards equality. Following this, the media flooded with a plethora of stories about women matching these choices. In a recent case, Bollywood actress Alia Bhatt questioned the the tradition of ‘kanyadaan’ in a bridal ad for Mohey. This too recieved a lot of backlash on social media. But has Indian society always been so regressive? Our history has innumerable examples of women warriors, leaders and activists who boasted featly achievements. And yet, there are also instances where women fight for equality. So what was the reason behind this misogynist ideology? The Bridge Chronicle tried to trace the origin, history and timeline of the most argued custom in Indian wedding — Kanyadaan. We spoke to Dr Manisha Shette of Jnana Prabodini, Pune, to understand the concept better. The doctor has been practising priesthood for the last thirteen years and also trains aspiring priests. She is associated with the Sanskrit language, culture and research department of the institution. She talks about how the original concept of Kanyadaan changed over the years. "According to the original scriptures, Kanyadaan was always a moral concept, versus the tone it has today. It was about the groom publically accepting the bride and making a promise to respect her and treat her equal in all manners," said the priestess. She explained that the change in the concept can be traced back to the varying social conditions. In the Vedic period, women had the right to pursue an education and then chose to marry or stay single. But with the change in the social systems, the conditions that women were married in changed. With the rise of class, caste and other factors - there was a rise in child marriage which led to seeing the girl-child as a "burden" to the parents. Hence, the false notion of kanyadaan set in. Additionally, the tradition of giving secret jewellery/cash to the bride later took the form of dowry. "But originally, kanyadaan revolved around the concept of acceptance. The parents of the bride asking the husband to promise (that) the family will respect, love and care for the girl like their own." During the discussion, we also touch upon other traditions — washing the groom's feet, wearing mangalsutra or bangles — and questioned their origin. "The Vedas do not talk about wearing any ornament to signify that a woman is married. These are more recent. Even the tradition of washing the groom's feet can be traced back to older times. The groom and their families would usually come to the bride's village after a long journey on foot or otherwise. Hence offering water to clean their feat was necessary. But now, when everyone travels in cars, there is no need for it," said Shette. Recent discussions on the matter show that women are now actively working towards abolishing these archaic traditions. Moreover, while we struggle for the concept of love and marriage to become more inclusive, how do we fit these customs and traditions? We asked some people to share their experiences on the matter. Mumbai-based Shreya, is set to be married in December. To her surprise, her in-laws were okay with doing away with kanyadaan, but her parents were adamant. "I couldn't believe it when my family tried to convince me otherwise. They believed it was one of the "meritorious" things to do. It was my mother-in-law who managed to talk them out of it," she said. Luckily for some, the discussion isn't that difficult. Harsh Varma recalls his wedding and the talk about kanyadaan. "We had not thought about the matter until my younger sister pointed it out. She asked my mother why was it necessary to give the girl as a donation. (she had tried to break down the word into kanya-daan.) Thankfully, everyone agreed to not doing it." Countering the point of view, Mr Rajat says, "Since we were young, we have seen marriage ceremonies in a certain way. People believed that "kanyadaan" is an honour, many are not fortunate to have. So I wished to fulfil this desire at my daughter's wedding." Talking about the changes over the year, Dr Manisha Shette said, "I have seen an increase in women priestesses. There has also been an increase in the number of people choosing to do away with misogynistic systems." Sharing an instance, she said, "We conducted a wedding where we conducted "putradaan." The bride made all the promises that a man makes during the wedding. It was good to see such acceptance." "Sadly, acceptance isn't high enough in rural areas. But education is the key. That is when people will be able to make informed choices," added Shette. Traditions and logic have been at warring heads in India for a long time. Whether one believes in the system or not is a matter of personal choice. But it is imperative to make an informed choice. India is trying to adopt a logical and progressive outlook, and each small effort can make a huge difference. Enjoyed reading The Bridge Chronicle? 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