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The Language of Being Human Today's blog was inspired by a TED talk - see the actual video at the bottom of this blog 🙂 What does it mean to "speak" a language?? Usually we think about known languages like English or French or Spanish, but there are many "languages" beyond these. Think about how many ways we can communicate beyond language - like body language, music, even shared experiences. I don't need to even put it into words when I am sad or happy or listening to music in a language I don't know - I feel the emotions that go beyond words. Have you ever spoken to a friend who is experiencing heartache or sickness? It's not easy sometimes to know what to say, but if you have gone through the same experience yourself, you can empathize with that person through a look or a hug or a "I know what you feel, I've been there too." The same goes for someone who just got engaged or got a new job - the euphoria they feel is familiar to you too if you have had the same experience. Words are just a way to communicate these feelings, and they are not always the only way. Laughter and smiles are universal, and are even better than any words we can create. Language can create bonds, but it can also exclude. If you speak in a language that some understand, but some don't, then they don't feel connected but left out. That's why learning a language to connect to the people around you is so important. At the beginning, smiles and embarrassed laughter is often seen and heard, but progress is made when we make mistakes and learn from them and keep trying. It's all part of being human 🙂 English Study PDF & Videos "Phonics Cheat Sheet - Long & Short Vowels" * No spam. Guaranteed. Improve your English Pronunciation Today!
Marinades, for better or for worse Leg of lamb with garlic and rosemary, Indian-style beef kebabs, Asian-style chicken brochettes… So many ideas for the grill that make us simply salivate. What do these recipes have in common? They all use a marinade to tenderize or add flavour to meat. But, beware! A badly planned marinating session can sometimes lead to disaster. Do marinades really work? The answer is both yes and no. Research conducted in laboratories, where the acidity and duration of a marinade are tightly controlled, has led to positive results, but not always. Some tough cuts of meat did become tender, but not miraculously so. So what is marinade, anyway? Essentially, it’s a mostly liquid mixture consisting of various herbs and spices, and often contains an acidic element. The acidic ingredient is a marinade’s tenderizing element. Some, such as lactic acid (found in yogurt and buttermilk), seem more effective than others. However, there is often a minimal tenderizing effect. Why? This is because marinades barely penetrate the surface of pieces of meat, while collagen (the elastic element in meat that the tenderizer is trying to soften) is present throughout. Marinating longer in a highly acidic marinade is certainly more effective, but a high dose of acid may also cause its share of problems. Meat can get an unpleasant sour taste and change in appearance. Robust meats, such as beef and lamb, can tolerate such treatment, but more delicate choices, such as fish, seafood and poultry, may suffer. Indeed, highly acidic ingredients, such as lemon juice and lime juice, cause proteins to tighten on the surface of a marinated food over time Protein bonds tighten, water is squeezed out, and this makes the food even tougher and drier, the exact opposite of the desired tenderizing effect. So, why marinate? To add flavour! Salt and aromatic molecules found in herbs, spices and vegetables (such as garlic and onions) slowly penetrate the surface of a food, giving it another layer of flavour. But, similar to the tenderizing effect, this only takes place on the surface. The oil in a marinade is important in this regard: many aromatic molecules dissolve in oil. It therefore helps to "extract" flavour from its ingredients and transfer them to the meat or fish. It is a good idea to crush or finely chop solid ingredients, such as garlic and ginger, in order to maximize the effect. How long? Since marinades won’t create any tenderizing miracles, you only have to marinate long enough to add some flavour. The suggested time below takes a few factors into account, a meat’s robustness and its ability to tolerate an acidic element. If your marinade is mainly composed of oil, herbs and spices, with low acidity, you can marinate longer. Remember that marinades act on the surface: the thinner the cut, the greater the effect of the marinade. For thicker cuts, prick the piece in several places with a knife or fork to allow the marinade to penetrate more deeply. Flesh-eating enzymes A protease is an enzyme (enzymes are specialized proteins) capable of attacking muscle fibres and collagen in meat, and literally breaking it down bit by bit. This enzyme is found naturally in some fruit, such as pineapple, papaya and kiwi. You can also buy it in a powdered form that usually contains papain, an enzyme present in papaya. It should be noted that these enzymes do not take effect during the marinating session, but are instead heat activated at the beginning of the cooking period. The problem is they are so efficient that they can turn the meat surface mushy and unpleasant. See for yourself: the next time you make brochettes, alternate fresh pineapple cubes with beef, pork or chicken cubes. Cook on the barbecue over medium-low heat and notice how meat surfaces in direct contact with the pineapple turn soft and mushy. The longer you marinate, the better it is? This may be true for robust meats, such as beef and lamb, but is not the case for delicate products such as fish. Well marinated: A salmon trout fillet left for 30 minutes in a marinade composed of 60 ml (1/4 cup) of olive oil, 15 ml (1 tbsp.) of lime juice, 5 ml (1 tsp.) of honey, 1 clove of minced garlic, 1 sprig of fresh thyme, cracked pepper. The flesh remains soft and moist, and maintains its original appearance. Too much marinating: The fillet starts to become slightly opaque after two hours in a marinade. In addition, it will lose 1% of its weight. After 12 hours in a marinade, the fillet will be firm and opaque, as if the surface was cooked. It will have lost 5% of its weight, as well. Why? Fish proteins have coagulated due to the acidic effect and, as a result, the flesh is hard and has lost some of its delicacy. Choose good cuts For grilled meat that really melts in your mouth, it’s better to start off with a tender cut than rely on marinade to tenderize it. Fish, seafood, poultry and many cuts of pork are naturally tender. These are excellent grilling choices. As for beef and lamb, you have to choose a good cut. Your butcher can suggest the best pieces for successful grilling. Whatever you choose, don’t overcook it! Overdone meat is dry and hard to chew. How long should you marinate it? Red meat (beef, lamb, game): 4 to 12 hours Poultry and pork : 4 to 6 hours Fish, shrimp, scallops : 30 to 60 minutes Christina Blais For Christina Blais, explaining food chemistry to the masses is as simple as making a good omelet. Holding a Bachelor and Master degree in Nutrition, she has been a part-time lecturer for over 30 years in the Department of Nutrition at the Université de Montréal, where she teaches food science courses. She has been sharing the fruits of her experience with Ricardo since 2001, during his daily show broadcast on ICI Radio-Canada Télé. And diehards can also read her Food Chemistry on our website. You can follow her on Facebook at @Encuisineavecchristinablais.
Dec 15, 2008 Solar Flare Surprise \| \| + Join mailing list At least that's how it's supposed to work. see caption The event occurred on Dec. 5, 2006. A large sunspot rounded the sun's eastern limb and with little warning it exploded. On the "Richter scale" of flares, which ranks X1 as a big event, the blast registered X9, making it one of the strongest flares of the past 30 years. NASA managers braced themselves. Such a ferocious blast usually produces a blizzard of high-energy particles dangerous to both satellites and astronauts. Indeed, moments after the explosion, radio emissions from a shock wave in the sun's atmosphere signaled that a swarm of particles was on its way. An hour later they arrived. But they were not the particles researchers expected. NASA's twin STEREO spacecraft made the discovery: "It was a burst of hydrogen atoms," says Mewaldt. "No other elements were present, not even helium (the sun's second most abundant atomic species). Pure hydrogen streamed past the spacecraft for a full 90 minutes." Next came more than 30 minutes of quiet. The burst subsided and STEREO's particle counters returned to low levels. The event seemed to be over when a second wave of particles enveloped the spacecraft. These were the "broken atoms" that flares are supposed to produce—protons and heavier ions such as helium, oxygen and iron. "Better late than never," he says. Above: STEREO particle counts on Dec. 5, 2006. The vertical axis measures the angle to the sun. Note how the initial hydrogen burst arrived from a narrow angle while the ions that followed swarmed in from all directions. The "swarming action" is a result of deflections by the sun's magnetic field--a force not felt by the neutral hydrogen. At first, this unprecedented sequence of events baffled scientists, but now Mewaldt and colleagues believe they're getting to the bottom of the mystery. First, how did the hydrogen atoms resist destruction? Sign up for EXPRESS SCIENCE NEWS delivery Second, what delayed the ions? "Simple," says Mewaldt. "Ions are electrically charged and they feel the sun's magnetic field. Solar magnetism deflects ions and slows their progress to Earth. Hydrogen atoms, on the other hand, are electrically neutral. They can shoot straight out of the sun without magnetic interference." "The hydrogen atoms reached Earth two hours before the ions," says Mewaldt. For more information about this research, look for the article "STEREO Observations of Energetic Neutral Atoms during the 5 December 2006 Solar Flare" by R. A. Mewaldt et al, in a future issue of the Astrophysical Journal Letters. Author: Dr. Tony Phillips \| Credit: Science@NASA more information Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory -- STEREO home page The 'Richter Scale' of Solar Flares and the Most Power Solar Flares Ever Recorded Space Weather resources: NOAA Space Weather prediction Center; NASA's Future: US Space Exploration Policy
Fall into Hibernation With Fun Science! Beautiful leaves, fruitful harvests, and cooler weather are all things we think of when we picture fall. It is a transitional time from the sweltering summer months to the frigid winter months. For many creatures, fall is also a transitional time when they prep for hibernation. What exactly is hibernation? Bears snoozing in a den is what many of us probably imagine when we think hibernation, but a lot of different types of animals hibernate and experience similar processes. Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic slowdown in endotherms i.e. warm-blooded organisms. It is characterized by low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate. Many ectotherms (i.e. cold-blooded organisms) seem to hibernate via a similar process called brumation. Remember that the main thing that differentiates warm-blooded and cold-blooded creatures is that warm-blooded organisms can self-regulate their temperature and metabolic responses. Whereas cold-blooded organisms’ metabolism reacts in response to their environment. So cold environment = slower metabolisms for all ectotherms versus cold-environment = hibernation for some endotherms but not all. Fish seem to hibernate but are an example of an ectotherm slowing down in response to the cold. Hibernation is a considered a period of energy-saving torpor. Torpor is a state of decreased physiological activity in an animal and includes a lower body temperature and metabolic rate. Some animals experience what is called daily torpor, which refers to a period of low body temperature and metabolism lasting less than 24 hours. For instance, hummingbirds experience a state of torpor just at night and have been known to hang upside down from their perch while in this state. Hibernation in general occurs in winter and the opposite of hibernation is called aestivation, which occurs in the summer months. Many invertebrates and amphibians have an aestivation cycle that helps them survive hot, arid seasons. Why hibernate? Whether it is hibernation or aestivation it is all about surviving extremes. It is a way for animals to survive difficult conditions. For instance, winter for a bear or squirrel means cold temperatures, not a lot of food, very little camouflage cover. Despite being in a vulnerable torpor state, being out in those conditions seem way riskier. The risk of vulnerability must have been outweighed by the benefits of hibernation for bears and other creatures to evolve this unique mechanism. Prep for hibernation Bears, for instance, have a period prior to hibernation where they eat and drink in excess to build up their fat stores for hibernation. Gorging themselves on nuts, berries and other food sources while they are around help them survive once they go into torpor and hibernate for several months. They also have a transition period where they aren’t hibernating but their metabolism is beginning to slow so they start to eat less and sleep more. The creation of a cozy den or nest is also essential for hibernation. This keeps body heat contained, protects from the elements, and conceals the hibernating animals. Can humans hibernate? You might feel sleepier in the winter months, but humans never evolved to hibernate. Part of that reasoning is that since we evolved in equatorial, tropical Africa where there is a consistent food supply we would not have needed to hibernate to escape harsh conditions. We also would have been a top predator, so less likely to need hibernation to avoid predators. We are also bigger and most hibernators are small with the obvious exceptions here and there (bears). Our hearts are also different from other mammals that hibernate. Our hearts contract in response to calcium. So, if our heart gets too cold, there is a buildup of calcium and we go into cardiac arrest. Mammals that hibernate have a special pump that gets rid of excess calcium, which means their hearts continue to beat at much lower temperatures. Scientists are interested in engineering ways for humans to hibernate because it would aid in long-term space travel. Astronauts must exercise 6 hours a day in space to prevent muscle and bone atrophy, which might be avoided if they could hibernate. Hibernation obviously would reduce the amount of supplies they would need, and could protect from radiation. A year in space right now is the max an astronaut can do without significantly increasing the odds that they’ll get cancer and other side effects due to radiation. August E-News: Mother Nature’s Olympians Crowned! The 2012 Summer Olympic Games have officially begun and five days in, the athletes are well on their way to captivating the world with their super-human abilities. Watching these athletes in action, vying for gold can be mesmerizing to those of us sitting at home. The Olympics are a time to celebrate the world’s fastest and strongest humans in the world – the best of the best. But we wondered, how would record-breaking runners, such as the fastest man in the world Usain Bolt, fare against the wilder side of the animal kingdom? These Olympians of the natural world could easily make humans look somewhat unimpressive when compared to their strength, speed, agility and endurance used daily as a matter of survival. In honor of the Summer Games, we thought we would shake things up a bit and highlight some spectacular “Animal Olympians” with gold medal-worthy abilities. Track & Field High-Jump Stars The High-Jump champion of the animal world may just be the spittle bug. This insect is only as long as a pencil eraser but it can jump 115 times higher than its body length, while the record for humans is just a little over 8 feet. That’s about 1.25 times the height of the record-holder,Cuba’s Javier Sotomayor. In comparison, the spittle bugs jump would be the equivalent of a person leaping over a 70-story skyscraper!! Long Jump Tiny crustaceans called copepods were recently named the world’s best animal jumpers. They leap with greater muscle power than kangaroos, frogs and all other impressive animal jumpers. copepods can accelerate to 500 body lengths per second when they perform an escape jump away from countless underwater predators. VIDEO: See a copepod perform its medaling jumps! Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt is credited as the fastest human, with a top running speed of 27.79 mph. In the animal kingdom, the cheetah can bolt at speeds over 70 miles per hour or more for short bursts, making them the world’s fastest land animals. But even that doesn’t always ensure this big cat gets a meal. The gazelles and other small antelope that are the cheetah’s main prey are not as fast as the cat, but they have greater endurance and agility in a high-speed chase and often escape the spotted speedster. Also on the podium would be the pronghorn antelope and the world’s fastest bird, the Ostrich. Both of these animals are strong medal contenders for any running events with the pronghorn pulling out at 55mph followed by the ostrich clocking in at an amazing 40mph. In The Pool – Amazing Aquatics 400 Meter Freestyle In the pool, both Ryan Lochte and Michael Phelps may have some competition when it comes to the incredible sailfish. This fish shoots through the water reaching a swimming speed of 67mph! Their high speed would allow them to zip through any Olympics swimming event with ease! VIDEO: Watch Sailfish in Action in this LIFE clip. Fish, sharks and marine mammals are such talented swimmers that Olympic athletes study their movements and wear swim suits modeled after their body structures. Dall porpoises can swim up to 35 miles per hour, making them the fastest water-dwelling mammals, according to the Smithsonian’s National Zoo. Russell Mark, USA Swimming’s director of biomechanics, stated that the dolphin/porpoise-style kick can make or break most human swimming races. “This is when swimmers push off walls and swim underwater without moving their arms,” he explained. Relay Swimming The killer whale or orca can swim up to 30 mph, however, it usually cruises at much slower speeds, between 2 to 6mph. The best contender for relay swimming would be the gentoo penguin. This bird may not be able to fly in the air like other birds, but it makes up for its flaws by flying through the water. With wings that work as paddles, this penguin is shaped for swimming reaching speeds up to 15mph – three times faster than humans! The beaked whale, actually more closely related to dolphins than whales, can dive deeper in the ocean than any other animal. Heading down to depths of 6,230 feet, that’s over a mile deep, it can then hold its breath for 85 minutes before resurfacing for air. Their breathing and blood-circulation systems are made for this, since they have much more oxygen in their muscles than we do and they can send more oxygen through their blood to their brains and hearts. Weight Lifting Even Olympic weightlifters would have to contend with some fierce competition from the wild side. The heaviest individual weight lifted by a human in an Olympic competition was 580.9 pounds, a record set by Iran’s Hossein Rezazadeh. Weighing in at 340 pounds, Rezazadeh falls short of lifting an object with a mass twice his own weight. It’s hard to believe that his efforts would fall short of a medal when up against a beetle. That’s right, an insect, could, pound for pound, blow away all other human and animal contenders. The Rhinoceros Beetle can lift up to 850 times their own weight! Battling it out for the Silver & Bronze would be the African Elephant and the African Gorilla. VIDEO: Watch a Rhino Beetle Put to the Test Animal Olympians are much like human Olympians – there is something about them that makes them stand out from the rest. Some of them run, swim or fly faster than other animals. Others can jump higher, dive deeper, or lift more. A few are Olympians because they live the longest, grow the tallest, weigh the most, or are simply the strongest. What animal would you nominate for an Olympic medal? If you want to learn more and are ready for some Olympic sized fun, check out the full list of Animal Olympians here. Discover more FUN about Animal Olympians with a few fun facts & try your hand at some Olympic Sized trivia! Are Pit Bulls Inherently Dangerous? Science Says No… Image Source: Pixabay.com The Maryland Court of Appeals recently deemed pit bulls and pit bull mixes “inherently dangerous,” but many animal experts and dog advocates believe the court’s ruling may have been too extreme.”Inherently dangerous” implies that all pit bulls are, through genetics or their environment, born with a vicious streak. But studies are showing that the science does not seem to support this. Pit bulls didn’t always have such a bad rap. In the early part of the 20th century, this breed was in fashion and became quite popular as a family pet. “The Little Rascals,” a series highlighting child actors, even featured a spunky pit bull. Have the dogs then changed over the years? Some have with the help of their owners & genetic science. “It is possible to breed in or out certain traits, with some dogs purposefully bred for fighting,” Jennifer Scarlett, a veterinarian who is also co-president of the San Francisco SPCA, told Discovery News. She said that studies on foxes suggest that a trait possibly affecting personality can appear in just two to three generations. Pit bulls & any other breed of dogs that are bred using this genetic science seem to be more aggressive against other dogs, but not necessarily humans. Scarlett, said that countless pit bulls nationwide are highly socialized and well trained, never hurting anyone. Much then comes down to the owners, and therein lies the real problem. Scarlett indicated that at least one study is underway to see if certain factors predict if a segment of the population is at greater risk for being attacked by a dog. Anecdotally, socioeconomic factors, whether or not a dog has been spayed or neutered, and whether or not a dog has been socialized and trained, appear to predict attacks. Read the full story on Discovery.com
Optimizing Processes Using a Design Structure Matrix Complex processes may require collaboration and coordination of many components. We can model such processes using a Design Structure Matrix to represent information flow among the components, and then optimize the process to avoid rework and downtime. As a simplified example, consider a project with only two tasks: “A” and “B”, and a directed graph representing this system where a vertex represents a task and an edge represents the flow of information between tasks. [Read More] Improving Software Architecture Using a Design Structure Matrix To meet the challenges of scaling systems in size, scope, and complexity, it is useful to look at new approaches and theories to analyze, design, deploy, and manage these systems. A Design Structure Matrix (DSM) is an approach that supports the management of complexity by focusing attention on the elements of complex systems and how they relate to each other. DSM‐based techniques have proven to be very valuable in understanding, designing, and optimizing product, organization, and process architectures. [Read More]
The Difference Between Emunah And Bitachon And Moshe returned to HASHEM and said, HASHEM, why have You done evil to this people? Why have You sent me?” — Shemos 5:22 HASHEM sent Moshe Rabbeinu to be the redeemer of the Jewish people. However, from the moment that he embarked on this mission, the slavery became more intense and the pain more profound. Out of love for his nation, Moshe turned to HASHEM and said, “Why have You worsened the situation? Why have You sent me?” The Gemara tells us that Moshe was punished for questioning HASHEM. HASHEM said, “It is a shame that that which is lost can no longer be found.” It is as if HASHEM were saying, “They don’t make them like they used to. Avrohom, Yitzchak, Yaakov, those were great people, but no more. Moshe, you don’t compare to them. They trusted Me, but you aren’t on their level.” Moshe was the single greatest human being who ever lived The question on this Gemara is that that the single greatest human being who ever lived was Moshe Rabbenu. The Rambam calls him the “father” in Torah and wisdom. He was the greatest of all prophets. In fact, one of our Thirteen Principles of Faith is that Moshe was the greatest of all Navi’im, greater than those who came before him and those who came after. Since we know that Moshe was greater than even the Avos, how can we understand this Gemara? It seems to saying that Avrohom, Yitzchak, and Yaakov were superior to Moshe. The difference between Emunah and Bitachon The answer to this question lies in understanding the distinction between emunah and bitachon. The Rambam defines emunah as the knowledge that HASHEM created and continues to run all of Creation. Simply put, nothing can exist and no activity can occur without HASHEM. Bitachon, however, is a quite different. The Chovos Halevovos defines bitachon as trusting in HASHEM. It is a sense of relying on HASHEM to watch over and protect me, as if to say, “I take my heavy burden and place it on HASHEM.” While I am responsible to be proactive, I am not in charge of the outcome, and I am not the determinant of the results. I rely on HASHEM to care for me. Emunah is a state of understanding; bitachon is a state of trust. Emunah means knowing that HASHEM is involved in every activity on the planet; bitachon means trusting in HASHEM in every situation. A person can have emunah and not bitachon Aperson can have emunah and not bitachon. Pharaoh was a classic example. When threatened by the Jewish overpopulation, Pharaoh’s solution was to throw the baby boys into the Nile. The Medrash explains that this wasn’t a flippant reaction – it was highly calculated. Pharaoh knew that HASHEM promised Noach that He wouldn’t bring another flood. He also knew that HASHEM pays back “measure for measure.” Therefore, Pharaoh determined that HASHEM would want to bring a flood to pay back the Egyptians for drowning the babies, but because of HASHEM’s promise to Noach, that couldn’t happen, so he felt protected from HASHEM’s wrath. Clearly, Pharaoh understood the power of HASHEM. He realized that HASHEM watches over the world. He also understood that HASHEM acts with justice. Pharaoh had no problem with emunah, but he sure didn’t trust in HASHEM – he rebelled. He had emunah, but no bitachon. Growing in emunah Both emunah and bitachon are based on relating to the world in a deeper manner. Emunah is the understanding that HASHEM is involved in more than just the big picture issues: life and death, war, famine, disease. . . HASHEM is involved in the minutiae of my daily life. HASHEM is there with me, 24/7, 365, all day, every day, from morning to night. Amazingly, I can have this understanding and yet lack a level of trust in HASHEM. Bitachon requires understanding the goodness of HASHEM To truly rely on HASHEM, there are two additional criteria I must feel. I must know that HASHEM loves me more than I love myself, and I must know that HASHEM knows better than I do what is for my good. Bitachon is predicated upon knowing that HASHEM has my best interests in mind and that He knows better than I what is for my good. When a person realizes this, and then takes his heavy load and transfers it to HASHEM – that is bitachon. The answer: Moshe was greater in emunah – the Avos were greater in bitachon The answer to the question seems to be that Moshe Rabbeinu was on a higher level of emunah than any other human being, then or since. He saw HASHEM with an absolute clarity. Just as we see a piece of wood in front of us as undeniably real, he saw HASHEM – right there. But absolute trust in HASHEM doesn’t necessarily follow. Bitachon islearned, and practiced. Much like a character trait that one develops over many years, one learns, often through life experiences, to be totally and utterly trusting in the kindness of HASHEM. Apparently, the Avos reached a higher level in this regard. They had an unwavering sense of the constant goodness and loving kindness of HASHEM; hence, they were able to be more trusting of HASHEM even when on the surface, there were many questions to be asked. Moshe was greater in emunah, while they were greater in bitachon. This distinction has great relevance. Often our problems with faith come from this one issue: we have emunah, but not bitachon. When a person comes to the core understanding that HASHEM is more concerned for my good than I am, and that HASHEM knows my needs far better than I, he comes to a different degree of trust, a different level of relying on HASHEM. He comes to true bitachon. This is an excerpt from the Shmuz on the Parsha book. Get The Shmuz on the go!
Why is my hedgehog losing so many quills? The occasional loss of healthy quills is a normal part of the quilling process. The average hedgehog has approximately 5,000 spines and will replace about 90 percent of them during its lifetime. (Pet Product News). … Insufficient diets, stress, and hormonal imbalances can also cause quill loss. How many quills should a hedgehog lose a day? A hedgehog should lose fifteen to twenty quills a day during quilling. As the hedgehog grows older, the number of quills lost in a day will begin to decrease. What does it mean when a hedgehog losing quills? The most common causes for a hedgehog losing quills are mites, poor diet, and stress. If you suspect that one of these is the cause for a loss of quills you should take your hedgehog to the vet. Is my hedgehog quilling? You can tell when quilling is at its harshest point by separating your hedgehogs quills and looking at the skin on his back. You’ll be able to see the new, slightly thicker, adult quills poking through. The more quills poking through, the more discomfort your hedgehog may be experiencing. IT IS INTERESTING: What color curtains make room bigger? How do you know if your hedgehog has mites? How can I tell if mites are on my hedgehog? 1. Losing quills. 2. Biting, licking, chewing or scratching itself. 3. Anorexia (weight loss) 4. Lethargy (lack of energy) 5. Seborrhea (dandruff) and very flaky skin. What happens if a hedgehog pricks you? How do I know if my hedgehog has wobbly hedgehog syndrome? Symptoms of Wobbly Hedgehog Syndrome 1. Falling over. 2. Muscle weakness. 3. Difficulty walking. 4. Wobbling when standing still. 5. Paralysis. 6. Seizures. 7. Head tilt. 8. Circling. Can hedgehog quills hurt you? Hedgehogs are not juvenile porcupines, they are their own type of animal that aren’t related to porcupines. While their quills (technically spines, but the terms are often used interchangeably) may look scary, and are a defense mechanism in the wild, they don’t hurt humans, and aren’t dangerous. How can you tell how old a hedgehog is? You can’t really tell the age of a hedgehog just by looking at it. Masks often fade when they get older, but some of them fade more than others so it isn’t a good way to tell. At what age do hedgehogs stop Quilling? Around six to eight weeks they lose their soft baby quills to gain stronger ones. They usually quill again around four to six months, but don’t be surprised if it happens a little past their first year. This is because they are growing fortified adult spines. IT IS INTERESTING: Best answer: How good are handheld sewing machines? Do hedgehogs spike you? Though, the spines come to a point, they are not sharp when relaxed. When you hold a hedgehog who is not in an alert position, the quills will lie evenly across your hands. Somehow, they will also distribute the weight your hedgie, meaning that the quills will not poke into your skin. Do hedgehogs grow new spikes? Spines fall out and are replaced over the entire course of a hedgehog’s life just like dog’s, cats, and humans. Quills are hollow (like the shaft of a feather), have barbs on the end, and can be released at will. Hedgehogs cannot shoot quills or detached quills like a porcupine. Can a hedgehog die from mites? The earlier you catch the infestation and have your hedgehog treated, the easier and quicker the mites are to get rid of. If you delay or refuse to seek treatment, in extreme cases, the infestation could lead to total quill loss and/or the eventual death of the hedgehog. How do you get rid of hedgehog mites? Can I get mites from my hedgehog? Mites can spread from one hedgehog to another quite easily; fortunately, they’re easy to prevent and treat, and unlike some other external parasites such as ticks and fleas, mites will not bother human beings. IT IS INTERESTING: Question: What is a mosaic country? My handmade joys
Growing Up Into a College Student 1198 Words5 Pages Growing Up and Becoming a College Student Growing up is not an easy thing to do. There comes a time when being responsible and independent will make one realize what growing up actually is. When students are younger, and are just starting school, their parents are always around and watching over them. The exact opposite is what most teenagers want right after graduation. It seems like most teens want to move out because they are tired of being told what to do, or feel like they are old enough to make their own decisions. They often feel like taking the step forward into independent life will be easy, but without understanding all the life skills it takes to succeed in the real world, it really is not that easy. It takes courage, stress, time management, financial responsibilities, self-dependency, and respect to grow up and be successful in college. First, growing up takes courage. Students start to have their own bills, bigger responsibilities, and own decisions. Many students enter college expecting to have good times, great friendships, and a new sense of direction. They soon find out that college comes with new responsibilities, challenges, and struggles and that it is not all just fun and games. Next, along with growing up into an independent college student comes stress. College students experience a great deal of stress; whether they have a full-time or part-time job, are trying to raise a child or children, or trying to find time in their busy schedule to have a social life. Trying to accomplish many different things with very little time can become overwhelming. Many students work full time jobs and attend college full time. Others work late and get up in the wee hours of the morning trying to get their school work done. Putting in long hours and worrying about classes adds stress to a student’s life. Also, some college students find it very hard to More about Growing Up Into a College Student Open Document
Asked by: Florent Romeu asked in category: General Last Updated: 7th April, 2020 How do you take care of a string of hearts plant? The string of hearts is a semi-succulent plant, which means it is more tolerant of dry soil than wet soil and is prone to rotting in wet soil. You should water it sparingly, if in doubt. You can always add more water. You can confidently allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Click to see full answer. Thereof, how much light does a string of hearts need? The delicate heart-shaped foliage and slender vines can reach up to 12' long in its natural environment, and has earned this plant many nicknames, including Rosary Vine and Sweetheart Vine. Place your String of Hearts where it can receive plenty of bright indirect light. Additionally, do strings of hearts like humidity? String of Hearts Plant Requirements. Water: As a succulent, these plants like to be watered sparingly, especially in the wintertime. Humidity: Ceropegia woodii is comfortable in most household settings. It does not require high humidity. Similarly one may ask, why is my string of hearts dropping leaves? Overwatering. Overwatering is the number one cause of death in String of Hearts plants. The leaves may turn yellow, droop, and eventually the plant will rot. For best results, err on the side of underwatering rather than overwatering and allow the soil to dry out completely before watering again. Do string of hearts grow fast? When planting String Of Hearts, don't sink those tubers too far down. They're aerial tubers which need to grow closer to the surface of the soil. This plant grows fast. Also, it's a plant which prefers being slightly tight in its pot so don't rush to repot it. 21 Related Question Answers Found Is Chain of Hearts a succulent? Do string of pearls need sun? How much water do Chain of Hearts need? Do string of hearts like to be root bound? Is Chain of Hearts poisonous? Do chain of hearts need sun? Can I trim my string of hearts plant? What soil does string of hearts like? Can you propagate string of hearts from leaves? Do string of hearts go dormant? How do string of pearls grow?
The Pros And Cons Of The Filibuster 932 Words4 Pages Filibuster is known as a “the effort by a senator to delay the chamber’s business by making long speeches” (Bond, 726). This tactic is used normally when a senator wants to have a bill be ignored so it won’t pass. They do this by taking all of the available time for the bill by talking or making a speech. Which means that the filibuster is believed to impair with the political process. A lot of people believe it should end while others do not see the harm. This controversial topic has even been the topic for various movies including the 1939 movie, Mr. Smith goes to Washington. With such a great exposure, is it really that bad? The filibuster is something that impairs policy making from occurring. The Senate should eliminate the use of the filibuster completely. This is because the majority parties take advantage of the filibuster. They do this by taking advantage of the cloture rule by using their party members to block presidential nominations. They do this by using the 60 vote requirement to end the filibuster. This means that if the party has enough members they can decide to end the filibuster and vote according to what they want the outcome to be (Liss). When this started to occur Bill Frist came up with the Nuclear Option that would end the filibuster with a simple majority vote…show more content… It is something most people think when they think about the United States Senate. This is because it allows the senators to work together. This occurs because they can decide to put a bill on the floor and make changes according to what they want (Understanding the Filibuster). This shows the original intend of the filibuster. The original intend of the filibuster was to allow minority parties to be heard. This occurs because the minority party can make long speeches to get their point across and develop their points to persuade the majority political parties to vote for a bill they want (Bond, More about The Pros And Cons Of The Filibuster Open Document
The Authoritarian Personality: Statistical Tests Now that we've prepared our dataset, we can start to run some basic statistical tests to better understand how our variables relate to the right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) personality. We can begin by importing our dataset and some of our Python libraries of interest: These libraries I've imported are some of the more popular data wrangling, statistical analysis and data visualization libraries that are commonly used in data science. New libraries I've imported include Scipy, which is used for data analysis, and Seaborn, used for data visualization and plotting. The great thing about these libraries is that you can run the same analysis using different libraries, meaning that there is more than one way to conduct the same test. Some libraries may give you more information than others, so conduct analyses with different libraries to see which library you prefer. I end with describing our dataset to make sure we're working with our latest, cleaned dataset (95 variables and 9,661 observations). As always, check your numerical variables to determine their distribution, specifically whether they are skewed or kurtotic. For example, if we check our variable of interest (i.e., dependent variable), the RWA total score: We see that the RWA total score has a mean of 102.27, with a high variance (122.34), yet is normally distributed (skewness = 0.60, kurtosis = 2.56). Independent-Samples t Test Let's start to visualize some variables. What are the RWA total scores for individuals who voted compared to those who did not vote in a previous national election? As you can see, we first grouped our data by voting status in order to compute respective means and standard deviations. We created objects that refer to these means and standard deviations to include in our function, which then apply these values to our bars: Matplotlib allows us to edit our graph further by labeling our axes, ticks, and title (using 'xtitle', 'ytitle', 'xticks', and 'title', respectively). Also, we can export our graph in higher resolutions, perfect for journal article publications and posters. Overall, we see a nice (but rather unimpressive) bar graph. Now let's conduct an independent samples t-test to determine whether these groups are statistically different from each other. Given how similar these bars look, we might expect no difference. To conduct this test, you group your data by your independent variable (and code the groups appropriately), followed by calling on the independent t-test in the Scipy library. Our results yield: t(9659) = -5.36, p < 0.001, suggesting that the RWA total score differs between individuals who did and did not vote in the prior year's national election. Interestingly, those who did not vote demonstrate higher right-wing authoritarianism scores. This could reflect an actual difference, or perhaps it is a spurious finding due to our large sample size. Once we compute Cohen's d, we obtain an effect size of -0.11, which is indeed considered a small effect size. OK, let's create a visual representation of our RWA total score for each of our education groups. Instead of a bar graph (which presents minimal information), we'll generate a boxplot using the Seaborn library: This graph is much more informative: we can see maximum and minimum scores, the median, and each variable's interquartile range (i.e., the first to third quartile scores). Visually, we can already see that the higher the individual's education level, the lower their RWA total score. But is this difference statistically significant? We can conduct a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to find out. Our results, [F(3, 9657) = 104.48, p < 0.001] indicate that RWA total scores significantly differ depending on educational status. But wait! There are some assumptions that we should have checked before we ran the ANOVA. While we know that our dependent variable is normally distributed, we should check for homogeneity of variances between our groups (which we should have run prior to our independent samples-t test as well). The most common test is Levene's test, which we can easily run. Our Levene's test yields a significant value: F(3, 9657) = 30.48, p < 0.001. Therefore, we cannot assume our group variances are equal. While there are a number of ways to proceed when Levene's test is significant, one conservative way to address this issue is by comparing our groups using the non-parametric version of the ANOVA, or the Kruskall-Wallis Test: Our Kruskal-Wallis Test was also significant: H(3, 9657) = 315.54, p < 0.001. This suggests that our education groups are still significantly different from one another in terms of the RWA total score. As the ANOVA is an omnibus test, it will not exactly tell us between which pairs of groups the means significantly differ. We will therefore have to conduct follow-up, post hoc tests to determine between which educational groups our statistical differences lie. We called upon the Statsmodels library which allows us to run post hoc tests, specifically Tukey's HSD. Using the family-wise error rate, which corrects for multiple comparisons of 0.05, we can see that all of our pairwise comparisons are significant: all four groups statistically differ from each other. (Some additional coding can generate specific significance levels, rather than true/false rejections, if preferred.) Overall, it appears that RWA differs between education groups; subsequent prediction models would benefit by including this variable. Pearson's Correlations Let's now run some correlations! I am really curious about how our five personality dimensions correlate with the RWA total score. I would assume there's some overlap among these personality dimensions, given that the right-wing authoritarian construct is considered to be a personality trait itself. We should start by checking the distributions of our personality dimensions to assess for normality: Good, our personality dimensions are normally distributed. Let us now create a correlation heat-map; this will yield a traditional correlation matrix and color code the strength of the correlation statistics (i.e., the stronger the values, the lighter the color). Looking at this heat map, we can easily see that some of the five-factor personality dimensions correlate moderately with each other, but they correlate weakly with the RWA total score. Nevertheless, we should look at these correlations' p values to see whether any of these associations are statistically significant. Interestingly, all of our correlations were statistically significant with the exception of the association between emotional stability and the RWA total score (p = .06). Again, this may relate to our large sample size and may represent spurious associations (and low effect-sizes). Remember that these correlation statistics assess for linear relationships between our variables of interest. Therefore, it is a good idea to plot these associations visually, to determine whether a linear relationship best explains the nature of these relationships, or perhaps some other relationship best explains how they are related (e.g., quadratic, curvilinear, etc.). Let's create a scatterplot of the relationship between conscientiousness and the RWA total score: Given that our scales use whole numbers, we see that our plot yields this distinct vertical spread of scores. However, we do not see evidence of a curvilinear relationship, and we can see why our correlation coefficient for this relationship is quite low. Nevertheless, this particular relationship was significant, probably due to the large number of respondents. Linear Regression I'm really interested to see whether any of the five-factor personality dimensions significantly predicts the RWA total score. We can run a multiple linear regression, including all five personality dimensions, as our predictors, and assess the significance of the overall model. As you can see, this library generates a detailed regression analysis. We created a data frame of our predictors (X), and referenced our RWA total score as 'y'. We also requested that the model add a constant (i.e., y-intercept). Our R-squared value is 1, or 100% of our variance is accounted for by our predictors! (This is most likely due to right-wing authoritarianism itself being a personality construct, which should be captured by the five-fator personality dimensions; in other words, redundancy.) Also, by looking at each of the predictor coefficients, we can see that all of our predictors significantly predict the RWA total score. All of our predictors demonstrate positive relationships with our dependent variable, with the exception of conscientiousness (i.e., as conscientiousness increases by 1, the RWA total score decreases by -1.49e-15). All of our predictors were continuous variables; but what about including some categorical variables? We can surely do this, but we need to make sure that they have been dummy coded before introducing them to our model. In addition to our personality variables, let us add to our data set of predictors: education, gender, religion, voted status, and married. Next we will dummy code our variables, meaning we will create additional variables, all coded as '0' or '1', indicating the presence ('1') or absence ('0') of a particular level for that variable. Get_Dummies has created dummy variables for all of our categorical variables. For example, variables were created for all levels in the education variable: 1, 2, 3, and 4. If an individual scores a '2' on this variable, then a '1' would appear under the 'education_2.0' variable, and zeroes for all other education variables. However, as the code suggests, we need to drop one of these variables; in this case, the first variable created (i.e., 'education_1.0') was dropped. This is necessary for our stability of the model, and is why one should create N-1 variables when dummy coding. For example, if a variable has two levels, then only one dummy coded variable is necessary. Now let's re-run our regression including our dummy-coded variables: As expected, we have many more predictors due to our dummy coding procedure. Our R-squared statistic has been reduced drastically with the inclusion of these categorical variables, accounting ~6% of the variance of the RWA total score. However, some of these new variables do significantly predict our dependent variable, specifically: our education groups, religion groups 3-10 and 12, and our married groups. For example, married respondents ('married_2.0') have a significantly lower RWA total score compared to unmarried respondents ('married_1.0'). With these exercises, we can see how sensitive our linear regression models are depending on which predictors we incorporate into the model, and highlights the importance of choosing a specific set of variables that will yield the highest predictive model that may be generalizable to subsequent data. Overall, this was a brief review of the many statistical analyses that Python libraries can easily conduct. My tutorial is by no means all-inclusive, but is meant to highlight some of the more common statistical analyses (and their associated code) we psychologists use. Play around with all the Python libraries to see which you prefer for your analyses, and remember that you can easily search for code online. Stack Overflow is a great resource/discussion board, if you have any coding questions. To view and/or download my Python Jupyter notebook, visit my Github page.
When do the clocks go back in 2021? With a dramatic temperature drop, and the fast approaching darker nights the time for the clocks to go back is just around the corner. But when do they actually change? The clocks will go back an hour on 25 October (Photo: Shutterstock) The clocks go back twice a year, and it catches people off guard every time. That’s because the date changes every year, last year it was October 29th and this year it will be October 31st. When do the clocks go back? Sign up to our ManchesterWorld Today newsletter The i newsletter cut through the noise According to the government website the clocks go forward 1 hour at 1am on the last Sunday in March, and back 1 hour at 2am on the last Sunday in October. When the clocks move 1 hour ahead it moves into what is called British Summer Time (BST), the nights are lighter and the days are longer. Also known as Daylight Saving Time. When the clocks go back in October, and the darker nights set in, the UK will be on what is called Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Disturbed sleep - physical symptom Why do the clocks back? Daylight savings is actually a source of great debate around the world. The reason being that the clocks going back originated from a campaign in the early 20th century. There was no real scientific reasoning behind the change. It was just that those working for the campaign successfully argued that changing the clocks in the summer would avoid people wasting time in the morning. Many people now believe that this system is outdated. Countries like Japan, China and India have stopped acknowledging it, and do not use any form of daylight saving time. Do you think the clocks changing is still necessary?
Foods high in probiotics Here are 14 foods that have the most probiotics, which include yogurt, sauerkraut, tempeh, kimchi, kombucha, and more. Probiotics are live bacteria that reside inside your gut and vagina. They have a role in immunity and health, especially your digestive system. 14 foods and drinks with the most probiotics The following foods and drinks have the most probiotics: 1. Yogurt 2. Buttermilk 3. Some types of cheese (such as blue cheese, mozzarella, cheddar, and gouda) 4. Kefir 5. Sauerkraut 6. Tempeh 7. Kimchi 8. Miso 9. Fermented pickles 10. Kombucha 11. Natto 12. Apple cider vinegar 13. Sourdough bread 14. Acidophilus milk What are the benefits of taking probiotics? Probiotics are live microorganisms (bacteria and yeast) that serve several health advantages. These beneficial microorganisms include yeasts such as Saccharomyces boulardii and bacteria such as: They benefit your health through five main mechanisms: 1. Boosting your immune system 2. Producing beneficial substances such as vitamins 3. Producing substances that kill disease-causing organisms in the gut 4. Helping with the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients 5. Creating and maintaining a healthy gut microbiome (a healthy colony of the microbiome) Studies have reported the effectiveness of probiotics in various health conditions, such as: Are probiotics and prebiotics the same? Prebiotics and probiotics are not the same. Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms, whereas prebiotics is nondigestible substances present in foods that specifically promote the growth of these helpful microorganisms. Synbiotics contain both prebiotics and probiotics. Prebiotics boost your gut microbiome by providing food for “good” microorganisms. Biochemically, prebiotics is nondigestible carbohydrates or plant fiber. They are abundantly present in various fruits and vegetables. Some of the sources of prebiotics include leafy vegetables, yam, oatmeal, and other whole grains, bananas, artichokes, maple syrup, and honey. Can probiotics be harmful? Probiotics are generally safe for most healthy people. They may, however, cause certain side effects, especially in people who are severely ill or immunocompromised (have a weak immune system). The safety of probiotics is particularly questionable in premature babies, infants, and pregnant women. Some of the probiotic foods and drinks have caused side effects, such as: Probiotic drinks such as kombucha are often brewed in containers made of lead. There have been instances of lead poisoning in consuming such beverages. Moreover, having probiotics may pass on antibiotic resistance to disease-causing bacteria, making the condition more difficult to treat. Many probiotic supplements may contain contaminants including disease-causing microorganisms. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may regulate probiotic supplements as drugs, supplements, or food ingredients. The regulation depends on the product’s intended use. Until a probiotic supplement is being marketed as a drug, it does not require strict FDA approval. Hence, it is safer to consume probiotic supplements after consulting your doctor. Prefer consuming probiotic foods made with quality ingredients under hygienic conditions and consuming them before their use-by date. Health Solutions From Our Sponsors Medically Reviewed on 11/23/2021 Image Source: iStock Images
Causes of Pericoronitis Team Dental Health, Dental Implants, Oral Health, Wisdom Teeth For some, individuals, getting their intelligence teeth expelled is a quite effortless, straightforward procedure. Be that as it may, there are a couple of situations when knowledge teeth expulsion is performed not as a deterrent measure, but since of extreme, horrendous contamination. A condition called pericoronitis can create when the gum tissue around the astuteness teeth become tainted and kindled. Albeit treatable, the condition can keep on repeating if the teeth are not expelled. What Causes Pericoronitis? Pericoronitis occurs when a tooth only comes in part way and when a portion of gum tissue is left over the tooth. The gum tissue often has an opening that is the perfect place for food to become lodged and for bacteria to accumulate. The bacteria are what is responsible for the infection. As they multiply, the gum becomes more and more inflamed. An abscess can form, which is usually filled with pus. If not treated in a timely way, the pus can spread to other areas of the mouth, spreading the infection. Wisdom Teeth Removal Removal of your wisdom teeth is often the best way to go when treating pericoronitis. Eliminating the bacteria and removing the gum flap only offer temporary solutions in many cases, as there is always the risk that the infection will return. Usually, the teeth are removed after the infection is controlled, to prevent it from spreading during the extraction of the teeth. The most conservative treatment option is to use salt water rinse to clean the infected area, flushing out any bacteria and any food pieces that might be trapped in the gum. To reduce the chance of the infection recurring, a dentist might decide to remove the piece of gum that is causing part of the trouble. Cutting away the flap of gum will make it easier for you to reach the area when brushing and will reduce the chance of the infection coming back. Pericoronitis should be treated as soon as possible. To learn more about pericoronitis or to schedule an appointment, contact Dr. Mohammed Erakat at Prestige Oral Surgery today at 732-297-7000.
Seasonal fluctuations of bacterial population and microbial activity in soils cultivated with eucalyptus and pinus Flutuação sazonal da comunidade bacteriana e da atividade microbiana em solos sob euaclipto e pinus The accumulation and decomposition of litter in soils under forests depend on climatic and biotic conditions. This work evaluated the effect of monthly rainfall and temperature on total bacteria, and on the dehydrogenase and respiration microbial activities. The effects of organic matter, total organic C and soil moisture were also evaluated. Performed from April, 1999 to March, 2000 in an Eucalyptus-cultivated and Pinus-cultivated Oxisol (Typic Haplustox), the study showed that climate and the soil variables affect the total number of bacteria and the microbial activities. The highest air temperatures and rainfall intensities were found during the Summer and, consequently, all the studied variables were maximal during this period. Minimal values varied from Autumn to Winter or, for some parameters, up to Spring. A positive correlation proved the influence of the organic matter, organic C and soil moisture on the total bacteria and on the respiratory and dehydrogenase activities. Litter content was also higher in the Summer as compared to the Winter, but it correlated only with the total bacteria (r = 0.52*). However, the correlation between the litter content and organic matter (r = 0.64) and soil moisture (r = 0.49*) suggest that the soil organic matter may have influenced microbial activity. All variables found in the Eucalyptus soil were higher than that of Pinus soil, probably favored by the best soil fertility and higher pH value. MPN; dehydrogenase; microbial respiration; litter; temperature São Paulo - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" USP/ESALQ - Scientia Agricola, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 19 3429-4401 / 3429-4486, Fax: +55 19 3429-4401 - Piracicaba - SP - Brazil
LGBTQIA Subjects. These terminology explain intimate orientations or intimate identities. So what does LGBTQIA imply? LGBTQIA was an acronym for: • lesbian; • homosexual; • bisexual; • transgender; • queer or questioning; • intersex; and • asexual. Lesbian and gay become terminology for folks who enjoy intimate destination to lovers of the same gender. Bisexual is a term for those who may go through attraction to lovers of multiple men and women. 1 Transgender or “trans” people have sex identities that for some reason try not to fit the sex they were designated at birth. This will probably incorporate people who are: • nonbinary (don’t decide with either “man” or “woman”); • gender nonconforming (dont decide with any sex); or • more gender identities that do not match a digital (man/woman) meaning. One need not posses gender verification surgery or take gender-specific bodily hormones getting transgender. For example, a trans man could be a person who adults defined as a girl at beginning, but who’s a son or man. Getting transgender doesn’t necessarily mean anyone can be lesbian, homosexual, bisexual, or queer. Trans someone may diagnose as lesbian, homosexual, bisexual, or queer, or may recognize as heterosexual or asexual. For more information on the trans neighborhood, kindly visit the nationwide heart for Transgender Equality. 1 Note: A cisgender or “cis” people are individuals whoever gender personality suits the intercourse they were designated at birth. Usually, some body produced with a cock was designated “male” or “boy” at beginning, while some body created with a vagina is actually assigned “female” or “girl” at delivery. A cis individual is people whoever identification fits this task. Queer was an umbrella label that will consider both sexual character and sex character. Somebody may relate to their own intimate orientation or attraction to individuals of numerous men and women as actually queer. An individual who is queer may also be sex nonconforming, nonbinary, or genderqueer, which might suggest they just do not decide as anybody gender, they determine as several men and women, or their own gender term comes outside anyone category. For additional info on the essential difference between sex identity and sex phrase, kindly understand peoples liberties Campaign’s webpage “Sexual Orientation and sex character descriptions.” 1 Intersex is actually a broad name regularly make reference to individuals whois produced with reproductive or sexual body parts that do not appear to suit the typical concept of “male” or “female.” As an example, an intersex individual might have a penis, but also have a uterus or ovaries, or perhaps be born with genitals that aren’t demonstrably defined as a penis or pussy. 2 Asexual defines a person that cannot undertaking intimate attraction or desire to have any individual of every sex or sex. 1 1 “Glossary of words,” peoples Rights strategy 2 “what’s intersex,” Intersex Society of the united states • Yes • No How usual was residential assault inside LGBTQIA people? The pace of domestic assault and data about punishment within LGBTQ area are difficult to figure out because of the lot of unreported situations. However, the 2010 nationwide passionate mate Violence and sex assault study learned that 44per cent of lesbian lady, 61% of bisexual women, 26per cent of homosexual people, and 37per cent of bisexual guys discover home-based physical violence by an intimate lover at some stage in their own resides. 1 One study suggests that 30-50% of transgender visitors experienced close mate violence within their lifetimes. 2 Despite comparable rates of residential violence during the LGBTQ society compared to the cisgender and heterosexual people, LGBTQ individuals face obstacles to making abusive affairs that cisgender and heterosexual sufferers usually usually do not. Home-based physical violence was most frequently looked at as something which happens to cis female and it is dedicated by cis men. Therefore, most providers is aimed at assisting cisgender heterosexual women, which can make LGBTQ sufferers become separated and misunderstood. Note: information was only compiled for LGBTQ individuals within the mentioned ingredients. Data for intersex and asexual people had not been available at committed of crafting. دیدگاهتان را بنویسید نشانی ایمیل شما منتشر نخواهد شد. بخش‌های موردنیاز علامت‌گذاری شده‌اند *
Select language > EN ES HU IT LT PT RO Database of Teaching Sources Back to Teaching Sources Date of Publication Ramonienė M., Press I. Colloquial Lithuanian. The Complete Course for Beginners. London, New York: Routledge, 2011. Target Group Domain Area Learning Scenario Autonomous learning Classroom Context Target Language Language of Instruction Any language CEFR level Type of Material Guiding resources (online course/book) Linguistic Features The resource contains 87 entries (on various topics with explanations, starting from the basic alphabet through to a text about basketball in Lithuania). The recordings can be used to teach a variety of subjects (grammar, vocabulary, etc.) and develop all four skills (listening, speaking, writing, and reading). Students can use the material for self-study; it is very useful to be able to pause or replay recordings, etc. Alternatively, the topic can be selected or highlighted by the teacher (e.g. what the most challenging parts were or potential problem areas for students). Students can use a paper book or a free book transferred to a virtual space. Case study I use the material provided on the COLLOQUIAL LITHUANIAN page to teach Erasmus exchange students Lithuanian language (I teach them the subject 'Lithuanian Language and Culture'). I use the source in seminars, for example, we listen to a text about Lithuania (46 entries) so the students learn about the language and culture. I explain if students do not understand something (I have prepared glossaries for the texts). We talk about Lithuanian rivers, lakes, cities, neighbouring countries, residents, etc.. Since the recording can be stopped anywhere, we repeat until the students pronounce more or less correctly. In self-study, students can listen to the recording as many times as they want, so during the next session I understand whether the students have gone away and worked on listening and pronunciation in their own time (for homework); if they have, the sentences and their fragments are usually repeated smoothly and clearly. By asking questions about the content of the text, I understand whether the students have grasped the meaning and whether the text has been fully understood. (I assign analogous tasks from different topics and develop different skills.) The source is also useful as a tool for reinforcement or repetition, as well as for revision before exams or in preparation for a test. The material of the freely available source can be used for teaching the Lithuanian language or for learning it independently. Teachers can use the resource in many ways to cover various aspects of language. Comprehensive approach Capacity to match the needs of lecturers and students Added value The provided tangible improvements Motivation enhancement The capacity to motivate students to improve their language skills Skills assessment and validation The 87 freely available entries on this page can be used without restriction by Lithuanian language learners or Lithuanian language teachers. It is very helpful that students can repeat the more difficult tasks for them as many times as they want. During a certain lesson, the teacher can instruct students to listen to certain recordings, perform particular tasks (for example, listen to a text about Lithuania (46 recordings), but students can also choose the topics that are most useful or interesting for them, and at the same time, develop their skills or improve particular features of their personal language development. Website of the Teaching Source:
A Q&A with Mike Mattison and Ernest Suarez What is poetic song verse, and how has studying and writing about it changed your appreciation of the artists who practice it? We use the term “poetic” to describe lyrics that have literary intent and that consciously strive for aesthetic impact: linguistically rich compositions that operate on many levels simultaneously, incorporating image, metaphor, narrative, and play in ways that often deliberately correlate to broader cultural conversations. We’re talking about lyrics that seek to transcend the grasp-and-release mechanism of pure entertainment, lyrics that prick our curiosity and invite repeated visits and renewed scrutiny. Poetic song verse isn’t poetry set to music, like the Beats’ poetry with jazz accompaniment, but it sometimes takes a hybrid form in recordings like Gil Scott-Heron’s or Leonard Cohen’s. The distinction we draw rests on the symbiotic relationship that most often occurs when potent lyrics and sonics are developed together. By “sonics” we mean every aural dimension of song, including voice, instrumentation, arrangement, and production. In poetic song verse, sonics combine with verbal techniques often associated with poetry—imagery, line breaks, wordplay, point of view, character, story, tone, and other qualities—to create a semantically and emotionally textured dynamic. The book argues that artists like Dylan, Joni Mitchell, and Jimi Hendrix were transformative in the development of poetic song verse, but there were allusions and poetic phrasing in lyrics long before them. What did they do that wasn’t being done previously? Songs from many periods and in different styles contain compelling verse, but in the late fifties and the sixties blues-based popular music and the new American poetry—especially the work of the Beats—came into close contact, resulting in a concentration of songwriters who transformed songwriting from entertainment to art-that-entertains. Poetic song verse sprung from a confluence of the blues and contemporary poetry. Both forms emphasize the sound of the human voice. Poetry’s turn toward more accessible language and the blues’ origins in the sound of the human voice helped rock absorb poetic language and techniques, and provided a catalyst for Dylan and others to change rock into a more lyrically and sonically sophisticated art form. Think about it this way: If you were a reasonably intellectual young musician who had been turned on to the blues, traditional metrical verse, or high modernist poetry such as T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land, this might provide an idea of how to use allusions in a song, or provide strategies for intermingling certain types of imagery (as in some of Dylan’s, Van Morrison’s, and Joni Mitchell’s verse). But the language in most traditional and modern poetry tends to be very different from the type of language that characterizes blues-based popular music. However, when that same blues-enthralled young musician heard Howlin’ Wolf or Willie Dixon and read and heard Beat and other contemporary poets, he or she was exposed to rich, sophisticated language based on rhythms of speech (i.e., material that could serve as a powerful source for lyrics). With different twists and turns this essentially was the case for Dylan, Mick Jagger, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Jim Morrison, and many others. By examining the confluence of blues and poetry in various artists’ work, and by considering the creative practices of various seminal artists and the cultural conditions and landscapes in which they worked, we identify a relatively specific subgenre of song that’s also a form of literature. What role did the coffee houses of the 50’s play in creating this genre? What does instrumentation add to the artform? In the late fifties and the sixties Beat coffee houses, bookstores, and nightclubs sprang up across the United States and spread to Western Europe. Bob Dylan, Mick Jagger, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Jimi Hendrix, Van Morrison, Jim Morrison, Joni Mitchell, David Crosby, Neil Young, Stephen Stills, and others embraced the blues and Beat coffeehouse culture, where they encountered contemporary poetry, rural blues, and folk music. After putting rock ’n’ roll of their youth aside for a handful of years, many sixties songwriters returned to the rebellious rhythms of fifties rock ’n’ roll and wedded it with verse inspired by contemporary poetry. In the mid-sixties Dylan’s rock ’n’ roll–Beat poet persona strengthened his already active sense of the possibilities between poetry and music and led to Bringing It All Back Home (1965), Highway 61 Revisited (1965), and Blonde on Blonde (1966), albums that ignited an explosion of poetic song verse. Instead of portraying themselves as the descendants of Woody Guthrie, Bukka White, and Pete Seeger, artists returned to the theatrics of Chuck Berry, Little Richard, and Jerry Lee Lewis but retained the cerebral, self-consciously artistic emphasis that characterized songs and poetry in Beat coffeehouses. This combination released Dylan and others from songwriting conventions that ranged from the length of individual songs to how albums were conceptualized, recorded, and produced. In essence, the Rolling Stones, the Beatles, the Doors, the Who, Jimi Hendrix, the Kinks, and others followed Dylan’s lead and expanded fifties rock ’n’ rollers’ sounds and emphasis on performance, assuming often extravagant yet artistically resonant personae that resulted in songs and albums replete with ambitious wordplay and sonic arrangements. Is poetic song verse a uniquely American invention? How did America’s history of slavery, Jim Crow, war, and sexism affect its creation? Poetic song verse sprung from a confluence of the blues—a quintessential American art form—and various types of contemporary poetry that developed in the United States. That said, artists around the world quickly started to write songs in this mode, largely due to blues artists’ popularity in England and other countries, and to Dylan’s influence on the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and others. The history of slavery had a profound influence on the blues, which grew out of nineteenth-century spirituals and work songs, much like those styles grew out of various African musical traditions. Nineteenth-century work songs and blues songs written during the era of Jim Crow often contained “coded” lyrics that indirectly commented on topics that would have raised the ire of their oppressors. This practice melded with techniques employed by contemporary poets in the work of songwriters from Dylan to Joni Mitchell to Marvin Gaye to Bruce Springsteen to Grandmaster Flash to Lucinda Williams. The War in Vietnam also had a strong influence on many songwriters. They often combined surrealistic imagery that they encountered in contemporary poetry with imagery from various African and Western metaphysical traditions. This combination led to songs like the Stones’s “Gimme Shelter.” What artists do you see as the contemporary and future upholders of this new tradition? Lucinda Williams, Steve Earle, Kendrick Lamar, Norah Jones, Dave Grohl, Fiona Apple, Lorde, Aimee Mann, Fantastic Negrito, Josh Ritter, Lyle Lovett, Luther Dickinson, Jason Isbell Views All Time Views All Time Views Today Views Today
<< Back to Conditions Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign bone tumor that often affects the face and skull by replacing normal bone with fibrous tissue. There are two types with the most common being monostotic, meaning it affects one area of bone only and grows throughout puberty but then usually stops growing. More rarely when the disease affects multiple bones (polyostotic) the tumor growth may remain active throughout life. Rarely it can be associated with McCune-Albright syndrome, a specific syndrome with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia as well as skin and hormonal changes. Although we do not know exactly what causes FD is it not genetic and generally not passed on through families. Clinical presentation depends on what bones are involved but most commonly results in asymmetry of the facial areas involved. The most common sites of the involvement of the craniofacial bones are the forehead, followed by eye, then cheek bones this causing asymmetry in these areas. Because of the common involvement of the bones around the eye, there often are visual changes. Diagnosis is usually made by a CT scan which shows classis ground glass opacities. Treatment is varied depending on the bones involved but includes monitoring by a craniofacial team to observe for appearance changes and check for any visual or other functional changes. Periodic CT scans may be helpful to monitor any progression of the disease. The goal of any treatment is preserve function primarily and secondary to improve appearance. Often if no functional problem we recommend waiting until after puberty years when the disease is less likely to continue to grow. For small areas of involvement we can usually remove all the disease and replace with bone, however for larger areas we may not be able to remove all of the bone and also may need to use a bone substitute to reconstruct the area. It is common for additional procedures need to be done.
Hashing is the key to understanding bitcoin. Terms to know • input • output • algorithm, function, program, recipe, subroutine, system, process • Hexadecimal • Digital Let's talk about humans for a second. What are their inputs. It's their senses. Sight, hearing, feeling, taste, smell. These are the inputs to your brain. The outputs are voice, muscle movement, walk, run, jump, force, avoidance, writing a book, making music. Inputs go into a system and the system produces output by a set of rules. This set of rules also go by the names algorithm, function, program, recipe, subroutine. The function performs actions, calculations on the input and produces an output. Some functions have a known method of producing the output and some are unknown. Questions to answer • What is a Hash? A hash is a function that takes an input of text and produces a unique output. It's one-directional. If you have the input and the hash function, it's easy to produce the output But it's hard to take an output from a hash function and produce the input. Warning! ! ! Don't enter your real keys here. The best way to learn about hashes or anything is to use one webpage. This has a name and it's called SHA256 Secure Hash Algorithm 256 bits. Note that a bit is the smallest unit in a binary number (base 2) and it can be a zero or a one. An example input: adsjjgjjssshssssssssssssssssssss run through the SHA256 returns fd4b594532a4470476263530db4557c005d22a4140817242fb4d055f83cd36f0 The hash bitcoin uses takes any length of text and converts it to a 64 character string containing the numbers from 0-9 and the letters a-f. Note that the asterisk "" denotes multiplication. This output is a hexadecimal number also known as base 16. The numbers we use are decimal or base 10, because we have 10 fingers. So the number 1,234 is one thousand two hundred and thirty four. It is also 1 1000 + 2 * 100 + 3 * 10 + 4 * 1. Each digit is written as 10n or 1 * 103 + 2 * 102 + 3 * 101 + 4 * 100. This can also be represented as 1000 + 200 + 30 + 4. We can use exponents as a shorthand if you want to write 10 * 10 * 10 * 10 * 10 you could write 105 or 10 to the 5th power. A hexadecimal number aka hex used base 16. The digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, a, b, c, d, e, f. The letters a thru f represent the numbers 10 - 15. So the hex number 1234 = 1 * 164 + 2 * 163 + 3 * 162 + 4 * 161. But for the purposes of this chapter, it's just a bunch of characters that are unique. Video link (This is just a placeholder for now) It's an algorithm that takes any input and returns a fixed-size output that's uniquely based on the input. It's irreversible. If you know the hash you don't know the input. The same input will always produce the same output as long as you use the same hash algorithm. If you know the input sometimes called a key or password, you can put it through the hash algorithm and get the output. But if you know the output there's no way of determining the input than by just guessing. Since there are 2256 possibilities it's very hard to guess it. It's used in bitcoin for: • Mining - Proof of work • Bitcoin - Math Puzzle or contest • Digital Signatures • Securing the network Types of Hash Algorithm's • SHA256 • There are many others but not as important for bitcoin understanding Other usage of a Hash algorithm. • Database • Verification that the file you got is the same one I sent • https protocol • Hash output in this example is hexadecimal. • It's 64 characters always • It's the same output for the same input • There are 1664 possible hashes or 1.1579209e+77 = 11,579,209,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 • 2256 possibilities • Flipping a fair coin and getting heads 256 times in a row. Mining and the Math problem You may have heard the term mining and that it uses a math problem. Go back to the Hash webpage and try to enter an input in the top to produce a has that starts with one zero, then two, three and four. This is what is basic of mining for a bitcoin. The act of mining creates bitcoins out of thin air and at the time of this you get 6.25 BTC for each block that's mined. The process of mining gold is to find a place that has gold, dig and remove the gold from the rock. This is an expensive process and hard to do. To mine bit coins, you do the following step 1. Gather a bunch of bitcoin transactions together 2. Add a block reward of 6.25 coins that goes to you 3. Add the hash of the previous block 4. Calculate the hash 5. Add a random value to the set 6. if the leading values start with 5 zeroes (or some other number of zeroes the system selects) and you're the first to do it you win 7. if the hash doesn't have the right number of leading zeroes then go to step 5 and try again
The force between two (non-reacting) atoms is approximately given by the Lennard-Jones potential, and this varies with the separation of the atoms something like this: (this image is from the Wikipedia article I linked above). In the diagram the parameter $\sigma$ can be thought of as the size of the atom, so the value on the $x$ axis of $r/\sigma = 1$ is the point where the atoms come into contact. When the atoms are far apart there is a very slight attraction, but as soon as the atoms come into contact there is a strong repulsion and it"s very hard to push the atoms any closer together. You are watching: Why can t liquids be compressed Be cautious about taking this too iterally as atoms are somewhat fuzzy objects and don"t have an exact size. nevertheless the point remains that there is a distance between the atoms at which they suddenly start to strongly repel each other. Now back to your question. For nearly ideal gases like oxygen and hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure one mole (that is $6.023 \times 10^{23}$ molecules) occupies about 22.4 litres. This means the average spacing between molecules is around 3nm. The size of an oxygen molecule is very roughly (they aren"t spherical) 0.3nm, so the spacing between the molecules is about 10 times their size. That"s way off to the right on the graph above, and it means the forces between them are low and it"s very easy to push them together. This is why gases can be easily compressed. Now conside water. One mole of water (0.018kg) occupies about 18ml, so the spacing between the molecules in water is about 0.3nm - in other words they are in contact with each other. This is the point where the molecules start to repel each other stringly, and that makes it hard to push them closer together. That"s why water is not easily compressed. See more: What Does Cyte Mean In Medical Terms ? Cyte Medical Term Suffix You ask about compressing a mixture of (unreacted) oxygen and hydrogen. Well if you compress oxygen enough it liquifies, and the density of liquid oxygen is about 1140 kg/m$^3$. This makes the spacing between oxygen molecules about 0.35nm. This spacing is about the same as the size of the O$_2$ molecules so it"s hard to compress liquid oxygen. You can repeat this calculation for liquid hydrogen (density about 71 kg/m$^3$) and you get a very similar result. Actually I would expect liquid hydrogen to be more compressible than liquid oxygen and water because the H$_2$ molecule is significantly smaller. However a quick Google failed to find values for the bulk modulus of liquid hydrogen.
Call/WhatsApp: +1 914 416 5343 Parties & The Rules Imagine you’re the leader of a governing party in an advanced democracy and you’d like to keep your party in power for the next few years, at least. What one rule / law would you most want to have in place to give your party the best chance of winning the next election? Why? NB: This isn’t a policy choice, e.g. “I’d want to promote [popular policy],” but a specific type of rule or law that affects voting and/or elections, e.g. laws about who can vote and rules about election timing. In your answer: Explain any assumptions you’re making, if applicable (e.g. that you’re assuming you’re the leader of party A or in country B) -Draw on the 2 readings attached as files. -Discuss at least one example from an advanced democracy that either illustrates the law / rule you’d like to have in place or a rule you’d like to avoid At the end of your response, if you use news stories, include links to the news stories you used as sources; full citations aren’t needed. The news sources should be appropriate for scholarly work and the stories should be hard news, not opinion pieces. For your reference, examples of advanced democracies: The U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, and countries in Western Europe (including Iceland, Finland, etc., but not including any of the former Soviet Bloc countries like Poland or the Czech Republic).
Were Italian immigrants settled in America? Nearly half of Italian immigrants would eventually return to Italy, but today’s Italian-American community is descended from those who decided to remain in America. They brought over their families and created ethnic enclaves in Northern cities and small industrial towns of Pennsylvania and Ohio. Where did Italian immigrants settled in America? When did Italian immigrants come to America? Between around 1880 and 1924, more than four million Italians immigrated to the United States, half of them between 1900 and 1910 alone—the majority fleeing grinding rural poverty in Southern Italy and Sicily. Today, Americans of Italian ancestry are the nation’s fifth-largest ethnic group. Why did Italian immigrants settled in America? IT\'S FUN: Did Italians fight in the US Civil War? Where were Italian immigrants most likely to settle? “The most popular cities [for Italian Americans to settle] were Boston, New York, New Jersey, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Rhode Island.” Later generations of Italian Americans settled more in South America then in North America. Over one-third of all the Italians who came to America called New York City “home”. Are Italians Latino? What country has the most Italian immigrants? What is the most Italian city in America? What do Italian-Americans eat? Italian-Americans often identify foods with their regional heritage. Southern Italian staples include dry pasta, tomato sauce, and olive oil, whereas Northern Italian staples include foods such as risotto, white sauce and polenta. Where do most immigrants in Italy come from? Country 2017 Europe 2,588,451 (4.28%) North Africa and Western/Central Asia 729,064 (1.21%) South Asia 488,486 (0.81%) East and South-East Asia 471,326 (0.78%) IT\'S FUN: Can you fly direct from Vancouver to Italy? Where did Italians come from? The ancestors of Italians are mostly Indo-European speakers (e.g. Italic peoples such as the Latins, Umbrians, Samnites, Oscans, Sicels and Adriatic Veneti, as well as Celts in the north and Iapygians and Greeks in the south) and pre-Indo-European speakers (the Etruscans and Rhaetians in mainland Italy, Sicani and … What percent of New York is Italian? Italian: 8.2% (684,230) Irish: 5.3% (443,364) German: 3.6% (296,901) Sunny Italy
Gamification For Learning: Strategies And Examples Gamification For Learning Strategies And Examples Summary: Gamification for learning is a process that uses game mechanics to enhance learning. This article discusses strategies and examples of how it's done effectively. Gamification In Learning And Why It Is Important Gamification is the process of using game elements in a non-game context. It has many advantages over traditional learning approaches, including: • Increasing learner motivation levels • Improving knowledge retention • Better learner engagement through social mechanisms like badges, points, or leaderboards In our modern world, technology is naturally a driving force behind learning and the development of curricula. To achieve better results from learners, today’s educators are increasingly utilizing cutting-edge digital tools and strategies in their teaching methods. Gamification for learning is one of these strategies used increasingly by teachers around the world. Using gamified elements can positively impact student engagement and collaboration, allowing them to learn more efficiently as a result. Gamification is about applying gaming strategies to improve learning and make it more engaging for individuals. Gamification for learning can be beneficial because games instill lifelong skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, social awareness, cooperation, and collaboration. Games also motivate individuals, increase interest in certain subjects, reduce the rate of attrition among learners, improve grades, and enhance their cognitive abilities. Did you know? The global gamification market's estimated CAGR growth is 30%, around $31 billion, between 2020 and 2025 compared to 2019. In this article, you’ll learn all about gamification, including practical strategies and examples. By the end, you should know everything you need to get up and running with this contemporary eLearning strategy. Gamification For Learning Strategies And Examples Neuroscience Of Gamification Gamification psychology is a field that studies the behavior of users in gamified systems. In other words, it focuses on how to understand and influence people's behaviors through gaming methods. Studies have shown that the brain works in harmony with gamification and that it triggers the release of dopamine, which gives players an increased feeling of motivation and enjoyment. But how exactly do they work together? 1. Gamification Connects People On An Emotional Level Emotions can be a powerful tool for learning. They help facilitate encoding and retrieval of information more effectively, making the learning process much more efficient. Gamification creates an emotional connection between the content and students. It strongly influences the individuals' attention, which makes them more receptive to learning. 2. Recall Is Controlled By The Hippocampus The hippocampus is the part of the brain that controls the amount of information we recall or remember. It's no surprise, then, that gamification helps students retain better what they've learned during class. Gamification stimulates the hippocampal memory, which helps promote the storage of new information into long-term memory. Moreover, dopamine, a neurotransmitter linked with learning and memory, is also released from the hippocampus, which helps maintain focus on a task. 3. Stories Are Easier For The Brain To Process Than Facts The brain processes stories more effectively than it does a string of facts. For this reason, storytelling is a fantastic way of delivering new information to students. Gamification greatly benefits from using this strategy, as games often include story-telling elements such as background, characters, plot twists, and more. Gamification For Learning Strategies And Examples (2) 4. Game Playing Improves Endorphin Release Endorphins are natural painkillers that improve relaxation, calm, and focus. They’re naturally produced by the body while playing games and performing other engaging activities. Gamification strategies improve endorphin release, helping to create an environment ideal for focused learning. 5. Playing Games Keeps Your Brain Healthy Games encourage neuroplasticity, which is the brain’s ability to respond to different stimuli and develop new connections. This kind of training can strengthen neural pathways, increase cognitive skills such as memory and attention, enhance creativity and problem-solving skills, and help prevent age-related cognitive decline. Gamification Vs. Games Game-based learning makes games a part of the learning process. It is an instructional method where students learn specific skills or knowledge from playing an actual game. This type of learning takes educational content and transforms it into a game that students can play. On the other hand, gamification only makes use of game elements in a non-game context to enhance content comprehension and promote better retention of information. The main goal is still to improve student engagement, but gamification does not necessarily aim to teach them something new. Strategies In Gamification For Learning There are a variety of gamification strategies that you can incorporate into your learning environment. The most popular ones are: 1. Point systems Assigning points for completing different tasks can encourage individuals to work hard. It also provides an accurate representation of their effort level to show how much they have progressed throughout the course or lesson. 2. Badges Badges are a fantastic way to acknowledge and reward people for their efforts. A badge is an award given in the form of a virtual object or a pinned image on your profile. It is a fantastic way to show that you value the hard work and effort put into the task. 3. Leaderboards Leaderboards are great for creating competition among students, as they will want to see their name on top and work harder as a result. You can even create separate leaderboards based on different teams, dividing the individuals into smaller groups for better competition. 4. Challenges A challenge is a task that requires an individual to complete something using their time and effort, but it does not have any negative impact if failed or done incorrectly. Challenges can incorporate learning strategies such as problem-solving where individuals need to think outside the box to develop a solution. Other gamification techniques or strategies could include the element of surprise to keep it exciting and allow users to "unlock" certain features or content in the game by completing a task. Fun fact: Gamified healthcare apps are one way to distract children from the fact that they are undergoing medical treatment. Examples Of Gamification In Learning Gamification helps improve the learning experience in many ways, whether it’s through academic, industrial, or business contexts. In this section, we’ll take a look at a few of the most practical ways you can gamify learning. Gamification In Education There are several great examples of gamification in education that can help you form your own gamified teaching strategy. However, before diving into different examples, let's first look at game elements you should consider in the school setting: • Narrative • Immediate feedback • Fun • “Scaffolded learning” with challenges that increase • Progress indicators (e.g., points, badges, leaderboards) • Social connection • Player control Now that you know the different elements you can use, let's look at some of the best examples: 1. Giving points for meeting academic objectives Giving points for meeting objectives can be an excellent way to motivate students. It can also help track progress and increase engagement. 2. Giving points for accomplishing non-academic objectives Teachers can also reward non-academic objectives, like tidying up the classroom, with points. This helps motivate learners to meet both academic and non-academic goals, which encourages their overall success. 3. Reflect on personalized performance Reflecting on personalized performance helps students identify and track their progress. It is a good way for learners to self-assess what they've learned, predict the outcomes of future behavior, and see how far they need to go to succeed. 4. Using different methods of “progression” Opting to use levels and checkpoints can help learners feel like they are progressing through the game. This makes them want to find out what happens next, which keeps their attention focused on learning. 5. Provide the option to give badges rather than points Badges also work well when it comes to motivating and encouraging students. An effective alternative to points, badges are a great way to implement an element of competition into the classroom. They can also help create a sense of community and increase engagement in the classroom, which is fantastic for learning success. 6. Use different platforms or applications Using different platforms or applications is a great way to keep students engaged. Teachers can achieve student engagement through tablets, smartphones, and more to allow learners to access their learning resources anytime and anywhere. Using technology in this manner helps increase student engagement and motivation, which are both essential for supporting effective learning. Some examples could be the following: • Khan Academy Khan Academy is a Next-Generation education non-profit that provides completely free online learning to its students. It routinely employs gamification practices to assist in the measurement of progress and achievements, as well as allow students to compete through badges, leaderboards, and more. • Quizlet Quizlet is a recently popularized tool that utilizes gamification to produce simple, effective quizzes on study material. Students using Quizlet often learn more effectively and with more engagement than those that use traditional flash-card-based approaches. • Duolingo Duolingo is an education platform that has applied gamification. It is a platform where users learn languages through practice and play. Learners can acquire points, level up, and compete with others to stay motivated in the learning process. • Kahoot! Kahoot! is an educational game-based learning platform that teachers can use in the classroom, but it uses many game mechanics that follow the gamification methodology. It has a "ghost mode" wherein students can challenge themselves to beat their scores, and it has leaderboards to compete with one another. Users create their games and quizzes which they then share with other teachers, students, or users who may want to play them online at any time of day. • Google Read-Along app The Google Read-Along app is a great example of gamification in education. It uses gamified features such as points and badges to help improve the reading experience for young learners who are just beginning their journey with books. This can be used in both primary and secondary schools, especially when motivating students toward literacy goals and improving their overall reading skills. Gamification In Business Businesses are also increasingly utilizing gamification to improve employee results by making the tedium of daily work into a fun and productive exercise. Here are a few examples of gamification in business: 1. Interactive Leaderboards Leaderboards are a great way of encouraging employees to keep improving. By making them aware that the rest of the team can see their progress, leaderboards help motivate employees to perform better and aim higher. They also help create competition within teams, which can lead to improved teamwork and collaboration among fellow employees who are working toward a common goal. 2. Spin-To-Wins Spin-to-wins are a great way to motivate employees toward better performance. It is similar to the "spin" feature on slot machines in that it encourages users to keep playing; the allure of winning big time or gaining something valuable to improve their User Experience encourages them to perform better. 3. Goal Tracking Progress Bar Goal tracking progress bars are a great way to motivate employees toward achieving set goals. The bar makes them aware of their performance and compares it with the company's overall goal, thus making them more determined than ever to do better. These can be applied in both small businesses and large corporations where employees work together to achieve better results for the company. 4. Point-Based Travel Opportunities Point-based travel opportunities are a new and effective way companies are motivating their employees. Improved work results lead to acquiring points, which later reward employees through allowing them to partake in events, travel opportunities, and more. Gamification For Learning Strategies And Examples (3) stockphoto mania/ 5. Employee Points Reward Programs Employee points reward programs are another gamification example used in the business world. These allow employees to receive points for improved performance, enhanced customer satisfaction levels, and better attendance at work. The points can then be redeemed for great prizes or rewards, such as restaurant gift cards or movie tickets. Did you know? Employees who participate in gamification are 50% more productive and 60% more engaged. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQS) • Is gamification relevant only to learning? No. Gamification can be applied to any activity or goal that needs encouragement and motivation toward better performance, thus resulting in improved results for the individual and their team. • Who invented gamification, and when did it start? Nick Pelling, computer programmer and investigative writer, coined the term "gamification" in 2002. • Do games really help you learn? The answer depends on how well-designed the educational game is. In some cases, studies have shown that games may help students learn better and faster compared to traditional teaching methods. • How does gamification help in learning techniques? Gamification for learning is not just for entertainment. It can also be applied to learn new techniques by using various incentives to encourage people to explore new ways of doing things. • How do I design my learning game effectively? Generally speaking, a learning game includes three things: a defined goal, a set of rules, and a way to earn points. Ideally, it would also involve some sort of engagement from the user, and be easy to comprehend while staying relevant to your end topic. Gamification For Learning Strategies And Examples (4) Gamification is a great way to help individuals in the learning process and motivate them to perform better. Leaders can incorporate gamification into various activities and goals that need encouragement for better results. To learn more about eLearning and training, visit our blog at eWyse. eBook Release: eWyse eWyse is an award-winning agency, using a unique methodology called the 3C Approach to help build perfect eLearning courses that engage, entertain and educate learners while helping companies to reach their objectives. Let’s discuss your ideas!
The True Costs of Government Spending Originally published at Project-Syndicate \| October 26, 2021 Students in introductory economics learn that the social cost of something is the value of the goods and services that could have been produced with the same resources (labor, capital, land, energy, materials). Usually, this “opportunity cost” can be measured by market prices – though sometimes these must be adjusted to account for other factors, such as pollution or monopolies. From a basic economics standpoint, there are three fundamental errors in Biden’s “zero-cost” argument. First, there is the suggestion that the proper measure of cost is the impact on the federal fiscal position. The notion that a country’s wealth lies in the value of the sovereign’s Treasury was destroyed by Adam Smith 245 years ago. He showed that wealth comes from the country’s ability to produce goods and services that people need and want. For any country, the cost of government spending is the value of the foregone opportunities from shifting resources from the private sector to the government. Less private consumption and less private investment leads to less housing and fewer factories. Second, taxes are far from costless, because they, too, divert resources from the private sector and thus impose an opportunity cost. Just as sales taxes primarily affect consumption, corporate income taxes affect investment. The cost is the value of the displaced private consumption and/or investment. The third fundamental flaw in Biden’s approach is the notion that the cost can be measured just by the dollar amounts involved. In reality, these are far higher than statedNot only are there administrative and compliance costs, but there is also the economic damage that taxes cause by distorting incentives. For example, income taxes reduce incentives to work and to save (though this is partially offset by tax-deferred savings accounts); corporate taxes reduce incentives to invest; and progressive tax rates decrease incentives to invest in one’s skills. Every introductory economics class teaches that the harm these distortions cause rises with the square of the tax rate and the responsiveness of the taxed activities. Doubling the rate quadruples the inefficiency cost (what economists call deadweight loss) of the tax. The effective tax rate takes into account all taxes on the activity, for example, state, local, and federal income taxes. This is not a doctrinal issue; it is simply a description of what is happening in the areas under the supply and demand curves on a graph. Spending $5 trillion will cost the economy about $6.5 trillion, because the marginal cost of federal dollars is estimated to fall in the $1.30 range. For a government spending program to be considered sensible, it must provide benefits of at least $1.30 per dollar of spending. Especially damaging to the economy would be the proposed tax hikes on capital income, as this introduces a tax distortion that compounds over time as horizons lengthen. That would both harm economic growth and create bigger obstacles to more people getting ahead financially – building their own wealth, reducing their dependence on government, and, yes, becoming rich. The promises of universal pre-school, free community college, and other entitlements are deeply misleading. Taxpayers, after all, will pay for the salaries, the facilities, the computers, and the electricity needed for these ongoing services. It would be more truthful for Biden to say: “I know these costs are huge, even larger than the estimated budgetary impact. Here is my rationale and evidence, program by program, that the efficiency or distributional benefits so outweigh these costs as to justify taking the resources from families and firms, now or in the future.” Exactly when exaggeration crosses a line into deliberate deception is debatable. President Barack Obama either knew, or should have known, that he was issuing a blatant falsehood when he said, “If you like your doctor, you can keep your doctor, period. If you like your health-care plan, you can keep your health-care plan, period.” (To his credit, he later reversed his claim that the 2009 stimulus bill would soon create lots of construction jobs, admitting in 2010 that “there’s no such thing as shovel-ready projects.”) And, of course, President Donald Trump made a habit of excessive claims. Political hyperbole is par for the course. But like so much else, it seems to have gotten worse, and with fewer consequences. We would all be better off if more elected officials followed the example of Fiorello La Guardia, the mayor of New York City from 1934 to 1945, who, in admitting error, boasted, “When I make a mistake, it’s a beauty.” Related Posts Pin It on Pinterest Share This
How wide should you view to fight? Spread the knowledge! Peripheral vision is often considered vital in (combat) sports, yet most experimental paradigms (e.g., eye tracking) ignore peripheral information or struggle to make inferences about the role of peripheral vision in an in-situ performance environment. This study aimed to determine where visual information is located in the peripheral field during an in-situ combat sports task. Eight advanced judokas competed in grip-fighting exchanges while wearing a mobile eye-tracker to locate gaze direction. Three-dimensional position data of the head and hands were tracked using a VICON motion capture system. Gaze analysis through automatic feature detection showed that participants predominantly fixated on their opponent’s chest. Kinematic data were used to calculate the angles between the opponent’s hands and the gaze-anchor point on the chest of the opponent. Results revealed a nonlinear relationship between visual field (VF) size and visibility of the hands, with athletes needing a VF of at least 30-40 degrees radius to simultaneously monitor both hands of the opponent most of the time. These findings hold implications for the regulation of Paralympic judo for athletes with vision impairment, suggesting that a less severe degree of impairment should be required to qualify than the current criterion of 20 degrees radius. Keywords: Gaze behaviour; Paralympic; combat sport; evidence-based classification; judo; visual field loss. Read the full article here. Kinematic and gaze data collected during grip fighting. Left: Kinematic data is used to calculate interpersonal distance (blue arrow) and the angles subtended at the head of the participant by the estimated anchor point at the chest of the opponent (red arrow) and the measured location of either hand (Orange lines). Right: screenshot from the eye tracker world camera. The green marker indicates the direction of gaze. Kai Krabben, David Mann, Maria Lojanica, Daniel Mueller, Nadia Dominici, John van der Kamp & Geert Savelsbergh (2021): How wide should you view to fight? Establishing the size of the visual field necessary for grip fighting in judo, Journal of Sports Sciences Leave a Reply
Financial Business Planning. Business planning is composed of various aspects that play crucial roles in determining the success or failure of the business. Financial business planning is one of the most important considerations to make when starting any venture to guarantee successful operations. The first step during financial business planning involves preparing a well-detailed business plan to have a reference point. A business plan serves a vital role by outlining the goals and objectives of the business as well as procedures needed to achieve these objectives. Each goal and objective is given a deadline by which it is expected to be met to calculate the approximate expenses and costs. Considering the deadlines and estimated expenses allows the businesses to make arrangements on how to allocate the funds appropriately. The business plan should specify the specific type of products or services that the business will be offering to its customers. Once a specific product or service is chosen, it demands research on the selling prices of products to avoid overcharging and generating significant profits. The price can be determined through considering total expenses incurred in producing the products and what customers are currently paying. The business plan also identifies the target market implying the targeted individuals to be purchasing the services and products. Identifying target market or audience makes it possible to deploy appropriate measures for communicating and marketing the products. If the target audience is mainly young clients, the business would require to use digital marketing techniques to ensure effective campaigns. Knowing the audience also allows the business to allocate sufficient finances to make the marketing techniques effective. The business plan needs to include details regarding the different processes and the estimated expenses for each process such as shipping. A good business plan also considers management and staff which means the employees to be hired and their respective salaries. The business plan should consider all employees and specify the salaries they are to be paid based on experience levels and other factors. Once the business plan is completed, another section of the financial plan is required to show currently owned assets, owed amounts and revenues. Sales and revenues expected to be made during a given duration are indicated in the financial plan. The business can ensure appropriate preparation by indicating the cash flow and forecasted losses and discover more. A balanced sheet indicating the business assets, revenues and debts should be prepared to give a clear picture of total finances. Strategies to measure progress should be specified to determine the ratios between profits and losses. When the ratios indicate that loses exceed profits, some expenses need to be reduced such as firing part of the workforce or reducing their salaries.
How does a tropical garden answer the question “How do I feed my family?” A Florida man wants to make a huge impact on the nation’s food supply by planting his own garden. But first, he’s going to need a lot of help. It’s a big undertaking, and it requires a lot more than a bunch of plants to create the kind of lush garden that can be harvested for human consumption. The owner, the husband-and-wife team of Josh and Jill Pate, says they plan to build their own garden on a 10-acre plot in their Miami Beach neighborhood. The couple will grow fruits, vegetables and herbs on a large greenhouse that will eventually house their new greenhouse, a two-story greenhouse, and a large terrace. Josh Pate will grow a greenhouse in his own home, but Jill Pates will be able to share the space with the entire family, according to the couple’s website. Josh and Jill are a couple of “very busy parents” who are also parents of two young children, they say. They’ve grown their own food since their family started growing produce and other produce, but Josh Pates said it took some time to find the right balance between being able to produce everything on-site and not feeling overwhelmed by growing so many crops. Josh Pate said the biggest challenge was keeping up with the growing demand for organic produce, which he said he was never able to keep up with in his previous gardens. “I’m trying to grow everything that I can in the smallest amount of space that I have,” Josh PATE said. The family said they would not be able the same amount of produce if the current crop season did not start in the fall. “We don’t want to overproduce,” Josh said. “We want to grow it at a consistent rate.” Josh and his wife Jill are also hoping that they can create a sustainable way to feed the community by building a small farm out of reclaimed wood. “The forest that I’m starting with is reclaimed wood that was used as a kitchen table,” Jill said. Josh said the couple also plan to expand the greenhouse to include some fresh produce, including berries, tomatoes and citrus. They are also looking to develop an indoor farm where the fruits of their garden can be sold to local restaurants and retailers. Josh is also working on a farm-to-table concept. The plan is to produce small batches of produce on a small scale and distribute it through a network of local farmers, according the couple. “It’s something that we think is going to be very sustainable and we think that it can really be an opportunity for a lot people to start to get a taste of what’s out there,” Jill PATE added. A Florida man wants to make a huge impact on the nation’s food supply by planting his own garden.But first,…
William Randolph Hearst Printable version \| Disclaimers \| Privacy policy Newspaper magnate. Born April 29, 1863, San Francisco, CA Died August 14, 1951, in Beverly Hills, Ca His father was a multi-millionaire miner named George Hearst. His mother was Phoebe Hearst, a school teacher from Missouri. At the age of ten Hearst and his mother toured Europe. Hearst was enrolled in St. Paul's Preparatory School in Concord, New Hampshire at the age of 16. In 1903, Mr. Hearst married Millicent Willson in New York City. The couple had five sons together during their marriage: George, William Randolph Hearst Jr., John and twins Randolph and David. He studied at Harvard (1882-85), then took over the San Francisco Examiner in 1887 (at age 23) which his father, George Hearst, accepted as payment for a gambling debt. He nicknamed the newspaper "The Monarch of the Dailies" and acquired the best equipment and the most talented writers possible. Hearst then went on to publish exposes of corruption and stories filled drama and inspiration. In 1895, William Hearst purchased the New York Morning Journal and entered into a head-to-head circulation war with his former mentor, Joseph Pulitzer, owner of the New York World. To increase circulation both started to include articles about the Cuban Insurrection. Many stories in both newspaper greatly exaggerated their claims to make the stories more sensational. Both Hearst and Pulitzer published images of Spanish troops placing Cubans into concentration camps where they were suffered and died from disease and hunger. The term “yellow journalism,” which was derived from the name of "The Yellow Kid" comic strip in the Journal, was used to refer to this style of sensationalized newspaper articles. Believed by many to have initiated the Spanish-American War of 1898 to encourage sales of his newspaper, he also advocated political assassination in an editorial just months before the assassination of President William McKinley. A member of the US House of Representatives (1903--7), he failed in attempts to become mayor (1905 and 1909) and the post of governor of New York (1906). An opponent of the British Empire, Hearst opposed United States involvement in the First World War and attacked the formation of the League of Nations. His national chain of newspapers and periodicals grew to include the Chicago Examiner, Boston American, Cosmopolitan, and Harper's Bazaar. In the 1920s Hearst built a castle on a 240,000 acre ranch at San Simeon, California where he lived with actress Marion Davies. At his peak he owned 28 major newspapers and 18 magazines, along with several radio stations and movie companies. However, the Great Depression weakened his financial position and by 1940 he had lost personal control of his vast communications empire. Hearst upset the left-wing in America by being a pro-Nazi in the 1930s and a staunch anti-Communist in the 1940s. The life of Hearst was depicted as a roman a clef in Orson Welles' epic film Citizen Kane. External Links
Readers interested in the use of IF-T prior to joining the network (e.g. carrying EAP message over 802.1X) should refer to the TNC IF-T: Bindings for Tunneled EAP Method specification. Latest Version: TNC IF-T Binding to TLS Version 2.0, Revision 8; Previous Versions: TNC IF-T Binding to TLS … What is an SSL/TLS Certificate? Here's a Quick Overview In Summary. SSL Certificates facilitate an encrypted connection between a browser and a web server while also authenticating the identity of the website that owns the cert. With an SSL/TLS certificate, it's important to remember that the end user is the one visiting the website, but they are not the one who owns the certificate itself–that belongs to the company operating the website. ssl - MTLS ( mutual TLS) details - Stack Overflow The TLS specification, including mutual authentication, is to be found in RFC 2246 as amended. The TLS APIs should make the peer certificate chain available to the application, so it can do any additional checking it likes. 'MTLS', insofar as it exists at all, refers to an Internet Draft for multiplexed TLS. Transport Layer Security protocol \| Microsoft Docs This topic for the IT professional describes how the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol works and provides links to the IETF RFCs for TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, and TLS 1.2. The TLS (and SSL) protocols are located between the application protocol layer and the TCP/IP layer, where they can secure and send application data to the transport layer. TLS-300i Automatic Tank Gauge Specifications (577014-450) Probes. Mag PLUS. Aluminum Mag Plus In-Tank Probe for Monitoring Gasoline and Retail Diesel Specifications Transport Layer Security protocol \| Microsoft Docs Transport Layer Security - Web security \| MDN The Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol is the standard for enabling two networked applications or devices to exchange information privately and robustly. Applications that use TLS can choose their security parameters, which can have a substantial impact on the security and reliability of data. TLS Specification for Storage Systems \| SNIA Mar 27, 2020 What is Transport Layer Security (TLS)? \| Network World TLS and SSL are not interoperable, but TLS does offer backward compatibility for older devices still using SSL. The TLS protocol specification defines two layers.
Category: Education From your reading and other sources, write a 500‐750 word persuasive essay to your fellow teachers describing the benefits of strategies that encourage vocabulary development within the pre‐production and early production stages of language acquisition. These strategies should transcend all content areas. Describe the Silent Period and how it affects vocabulary development. How could this be accounted for within your teaching? In the APA Style Guide, Calculate the price of your order You will get a personal manager and a discount. We'll send you the first draft for approval by at Total price:
OBJECTIVE. Breakfast-eating frequency declines through adolescence and has been inversely associated with body weight in cross-sectional studies, with few prospective studies on this topic. This study was conducted to examine the association between breakfast frequency and 5-year body weight change in 2216 adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS. Project EAT (Eating Among Teens) was a 5-year longitudinal study of eating patterns and weight concerns among adolescents. Surveys were completed in 1998–1999 (time 1) and 2003–2004 (time 2). Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association between breakfast frequency and change in BMI, with adjustment for age, socioeconomic status, race, physical activity, time 1 BMI and breakfast category, and time 1 dietary and weight-related variables. RESULTS. At time 1, frequency of breakfast was directly associated with intake of carbohydrate and fiber, socioeconomic status, white race, and physical activity and inversely associated with smoking and alcohol consumption and dieting and weight-control behaviors. In cross-sectional analyses at times 1 and 2, inverse associations between breakfast frequency and BMI remained largely independent of all of the confounding and dietary factors. Weight-related factors (concerns, behaviors, and pressures) explained little of the breakfast-BMI association. In prospective analyses, frequency of breakfast was inversely associated with BMI in a dose-response manner. Further adjustment for confounding and dietary factors did not seem to explain the association, but adjustment for weight-related variables seemed to partly explain this finding. CONCLUSIONS. Although experimental studies are needed to verify whether the association between breakfast and body weight is of a causal nature, our findings support the importance of promoting regular breakfast consumption among adolescents. Future studies should further examine the role of breakfast habits among youth who are particularly concerned about their weight. You do not currently have access to this content.
Mobile Applications iphone, hand, screen @ Pixabay Mobile Applications relating to E-learning are considered one extraordinary revolution made under the current educational systems and patterns. In addition to the advancement into technology and Artificial intelligence, Humans have made these online live classes apps for learning and for assistance to students for educational resources and stuff, which earlier they had to arrange on their own. Going through thick books will take a lot of time which otherwise could have been used for other efficient practices such as revision work. Mobile Applications have brought revolutionary changes into the field of education and have been proven an effective tool. Moreover, they are redefining as the face of the industry. For the educational industry, these apps have been a powerful tool to captivate students and encourage the concept of E-learning which has become more exciting and straightforward to learn using these applications and the tools so far involved to make it count. The onset of a pandemic and schools, colleges, and institutes being shut down for quite a long time has resulted in an exponential rise in the demand for these Electronically driven applications globally. It is the reason why you’d probably come across a lot of these applications on searching currently serving the market or industry. Benefits of Using Educational Applications Increased knowledge across easy access, personalized learning, and 247 attendance and assistance are some of its benefits known to everyone, even to those who are not really into technology and have started using these applications recently with the onset of the Coronavirus pandemic. Increased Knowledge and Easily Accessible One of the clear advantages of using such applications is that the educational resources can be accessed from global sources and stored into files in your systems, which will help you manage your time and goals effectively. It takes a lot of time to gather or prepare worthy notes from Thick books, which are essential and takes a lot of time to go through it entirely, but with the introduction of these applications in the picture, it has become easier to access all these. With the current generation being so familiar with the internet, mobiles and software, and other technologies currently sparkling the spotlight, it is more manageable for them to access it and help them develop their consciousness and seriousness towards studies. Personalized Learning These apps are designed so interestingly that they have led students to develop their own pace and speed up their preparations for upcoming examinations or anything as such. Personalized learning is one of the aspects into which the traditional educational system had not done anything significant to encourage it. On the other side, online learning has much encouraged this as it is one of the features of getting an education online. Every learner has their own pace of going through concepts and learning them. Educational apps have been designed so that they tend to impart knowledge to those students in a manner that they find pretty easy to absorb. Assistance Operational 247 People who argue that these applications have led to students being driven away from the guidance and assistance of teachers and counselors are wrong. Assistance and guidance with the application of these apps have become operational 24*7 as all the resources shared between teachers and students are conducted online; thus, messaging media are also included. These facilities can help students get help from their mentors or counselors or teachers throughout their time. Students benefit from the introduction of these applications, but their work for teachers has also been made much easier than before. Attendance marking, resource sharing, and other things have become easier for teachers with these applications, which was not an easy task when done manually into the traditional system of education. Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here
Alternative treatment made a great progress way because its humble beginnings. In the early days of their development, alternative treatment was simply just any practice that attempts to achieve the same recovery negative effects of classic Western medicine, but that does not have solid clinical information and is unproven, untested or unproved powerful. Today, alternative medicine strategies are used in more than solely urgent situation medication. More doctors are introducing alternative treatment techniques in their perform to strengthen strategy to continual diseases, as well as some even focus on alternative treatment methods. In addition, the National Institutes of Health is presently completing numerous studies on several different substitute strategies to cancer malignancy treatment. If you cherished this short article and also you would like to receive more info with regards to ayurveda Melbourne kindly pay a visit to our page. The causes for its expansion have to do with the reality that clients choose to focus on an all-all natural technique to ailment instead of subjecting themselves to traditional therapies that will not be useful ultimately. Additionally, most of the time, standard solutions can prove to be too costly and might require a lot of time and energy. Conversely, some alternative medicine strategies are comparatively simple and easy low-priced, just like by using homeopathy and acupressure for lumbar pain or migraine head aches. Patients typically report that they believe better immediately after a visit to an alternate treatment medical clinic compared to what they do right after filling out regular treatments. Exactly what is recommended by ‘complementary’ drugs? This can be a wide grouping that encompasses lots of treatment options, strategies and philosophies, covering anything from homeopathy to chiropractic,naturopathy and herbalism, conventional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda. Among the biggest regions of integrative drugs includes physical rehabilitation, which makes use of using exercising to manage musculoskeletal difficulties and problems. Numerous types of peer and periodicals-assessed mags have dedicated articles or blog posts to the industry of supporting treatments. Some of the widely known ones contain Integrative Medicine Reviews, The Complementary Therapeutic Therapy Reader, Complementary Healing Services Research Report and Alternative Health Magazine. As choice remedies get reputation, many well-known drugs physicians are beginning to provide consultation services within these career fields. This is especially valid of pediatricians who happen to be trained to dispense several several types of solutions, like acupuncture and acupressure. As more people seek less risky, less costly solutions, clinics concentrating on integrative remedies will probably increase in amount. Clinics will likely consistently develop their products as alternative treatment gets a lot more authority in the foreseeable future. Yoga is definitely endorsed as a means to decrease stress and improve actual physical well-being. Many core medical doctors agree that yoga exercises might be a handy adjunct to traditional treatments, specifically in the matter of nervousness and depressive disorder. Yoga is simply not deemed a complementary remedy within the feeling that it is meant to substitute a certain ailment or issue having a psychological or spiritual approach. Instead, alternative healthcare experts generally target promoting basic well being and encouraging peace, which is certainly normally seen as an essential adjunct to acquiring emotional calmness. For example, yoga exercise is typically employed as opposed to prescriptions to relieve pure nicotine withdrawal indicators. Some health professionals even stimulate their sufferers to employ yoga exercises so that you can deal with stress. Many health care professionals take into account option medical treatments to generally be preventive and contrasting kinds of attention. When it comes to malignancy, alternative medicine practitioners generally recommend biofeedback that will help people take care of ache connected with chemo. Biofeedback could be used to develop the potency of standard treatments for several different problems and conditions. In the matter of hypoglycemia and diabetes, substitute medical treatments including yoga and deep breathing workout routines are actually used as opposed to glucose monitoring units and insulin vaccinations. Doctors also occasionally advise natural remedies for situations including depressive disorders and specialized medical depressive disorders. Some providers of alternative treatment, having said that, might advocate supporting types of treatment, for example massage therapies chinese medicine and treatment. These replacement therapies are usually seen with skepticism by popular drugs professionals, who normally discounted the potency of choice treatments. Even when they are utilised side by side with common therapies, numerous medical professionals fail to suggest the excessive procedures some substitute providers can take, for instance yoga and fitness and chinese medicine. For anybody who is contemplating acquiring massage treatment or acupuncture, talk about these therapies together with your health care professional, as they most likely are not suitable for your specific issue. Overall, in relation to integrative treatment and treatments, practitioners have begun to choose more widespread, all-natural approaches for an adjunct to regular treatment method. As there is no scientific proof to support integrative and substitute medicine’s optimistic affect on general health, many individuals feel better, knowledge much less suffering and really feel more enjoyable after benefiting from treatment method with these practices. Confer with your doctor if you are looking at receiving remedy making use of this kind of approaches. They can provide you with details on offered solutions, the direction they work and how they may supply rather then general treatments. If you have any sort of questions regarding where and exactly how to utilize, you can contact us at the internet site. Wonderful ideas related to the ideas in the following paragraphs, you might like: Read this post here dig this visit the up coming article
Five Main Components Of Properties Real property contains real property together with the constructions on it and all the accompanying property of it, and its accompanying natural resources like water, minerals or vegetation; immovable property of that type, buildings or residential actual property. In United States, actual estate consists of private property held for revenue, trusts, companies, and such issues as housing. Real property additionally consists of real properties which are used as sources of earnings. Real estate additionally includes raw land, buildings constructed with buildings and homes, vacant land, enhancements to real estate, and any interest in actual estate. As a matter of definition, actual property could also be permanently attached or immovable. Permanent attachments to real property are such examples as the erection of a constructing on a piece of land or the event of townhouses on items of everlasting land. immovable properties, however, are those properties that aren’t permanently hooked up to any construction. Examples of immovable properties are automobiles and boats. Whether pure or actual, these properties are topic to the laws of homestead laws and cannot be alienated, transferred, mortgaged, or given away. While the foregoing describe the different types of actual estate, it will be significant to note that every class has particular characteristics that distinguish it from the remainder. There are quite a few important economic characteristics that distinguish the types of actual estate. One such characteristic is the availability of jobs in several elements of the country. Jobs in urban centers present employees with a gradual supply of jobs that cowl their needs whether or not they reside within the city middle or move to the suburbs, the place jobs are much less ample. The proximity of the houses to the services provided by public schools, both for training, medical or other needs, determines the social and economic status of the people who live in the world. Another necessary financial characteristic of real property is its accessibility, which refers to the benefit of entry to the land. The availability of roads, railroads, airports, seaports, bridges and sewer programs offers easy accessibility to the land. The gap between the point of entry and the constructing to which the land belongs is not a decisive issue, but the convenience with which one can travel from one level to another is a decisive factor. The proximity of shops, malls, inns, restaurants and different sources of leisure and consolation to the property can be an vital facet. A third crucial driver of real estate building and growth is the influence of pure calamities on the land. Natural disasters corresponding to earthquakes, floods, landslides, storms and landslides, amongst others, have adverse effects on the land. These adverse results, in the event that they happen in massive enough areas, might reduce the worth of the land. In some instances, the loss may be so great that the alternative price of the actual property won’t cowl the negative price of the disaster. This loss is named adverse affect and is a serious cause for the limitation of real estate tasks. Another driver of actual estate is the proximity of the land to varied public and private facilities. These embrace water, sewer programs, electricity, gasoline, telecommunications, schools, hospitals and communities. Public infrastructure comparable to colleges, hospitals, police stations, fire departments and communities all require access to the land. If the land is just too far away, these institutions could have to increase their services into the land, ensuing within the creation of communities or villages. An important consideration in figuring out the financial characteristics of the land is the number of people that can easily access the land. The nearer the land is to the centers of inhabitants, the more productive it will be. The location of the land is also an vital consideration in figuring out the economic traits of the land. If the land is near different economically productive but distant establishments, the worth of the land might be increased due to the land’s comparative benefit. Real property that’s situated in places where the pure amenities are scarce will promote for less than land that is situated in places with loads of pure amenities. The physical characteristics of the land are vital components in determining the value of actual estate, especially the land’s bodily traits reminiscent of its topography, soil and slope condition, and its elevations. Whether pure amenities or man-made amenities can be found on the land can have an effect on the value of the actual property. The physical traits of the land should meet the needs of the people who might want to build there. Whether such facilities might be permanent or temporary may also have an effect on the value of real estate. Whether the land has permanently attached or free-standing structures is also a consider figuring out the value of real estate. Lastly, the situation of the land at the point of attachment to the house may even affect its worth. Should you have almost any concerns about exactly where and also how to make use of Normanton Park Site Plan, you are able to e mail us in our web-site. 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Drinking Water Who Manages Drinking Water? Fort Wayne’s Water Utility has responsibility for operating, maintaining, and improving an extensive system of pipes, hydrants, and treatment processes all aimed at providing safe and reliable drinking water to and from buildings and homes, while also ensuring that water is available during emergency situations like fires or droughts. What Comprises the Fort Wayne Water Distribution System? The water distribution system consists of water main pipes leaving the filtration plant. This includes over 890 miles of water main, 6,000 valves, 8,000 fire hydrants, the services from the main to the curb, and the service valves that control individual properties. Anything beyond this service valve, usually located in the right of way or close to the property line (with the exception of the water meter itself and its connection) is the responsibility of the owner. Portions of the system, like the brick sewer lines in the central city area, were built in the mid- to late-1800s. Because they need ongoing inspection and repair, these aging brick sewers are one of the problems we face as we work to maintain and improve the system. How is Drinking Water Treatment and Management Paid For? The services of the drinking water utility are paid for by a monthly fee billed to water utility customers. More information on drinking water rates can be found on the rates page. How Are Drinking Water Utility Funds Spent? The water utility has an annual budget of approximately $35 million per year. This money is spent on: Water Testing Water Sample
Distribution of the Big Cats mapped The term “big cat” is are commonly used to relate to any of the five species of the genus Panthera: lion, tiger, jaguar, leopard, and snow leopard. Except for the snow leopard, these big cat species can roar. A more broad interpretation of the term covers species outside of Panthera including the cougar, clouded leopard, Sunda clouded leopard, cheetah and even the several lynxes species. However, these added species also do not roar. Read more
Stigma Meaning in Hindi 1. 1. कलंक (p. kalanak ) 2. 2. बट्टा (p. baTTa ) 3. 3. कालिख (p. kAlikha ) 4. 4. दाग़ (p. dAग़ ) 5. 5. दूषण (p. dUSaNa ) 6. 6. लांछना (p. lAMchanA ) Stigma Definitions and Meaning in English 1. 1. The apical end of the style where deposited pollen enters the pistil Stigma Sentences from Popular Quotes and Books 1. "Stigma is particularly cruel for depressives, because stigma affects thoughts and depression is a disease of thoughts." - Matt Haig, Reasons to Stay Alive 2. "he’s freed himself from every stigma, but he sits nursing his hangover of hatred…." - Harper Lee, Go Set a Watchman - Quote by Bill Clinton 4. "The stigma of oddness is the price a myopic world always exacts of genius." - Amy Lowell, Amy Lowell 5. "the stigma of severe mental illness leads to prejudice and discrimination. Stigmas are negative and erroneous attitudes about these persons. Unfortunately, stigma's impact on a person's life may be as harmful as the direct effects of the disease. Corrigan, P. W., & Penn, D. L. (1999). Lessons from social psychology on discrediting psychiatric stigma. American Psychologist, 54(9), 765–776." - Quote by Patrick W. Corrigan 6. "This is what one of the founding fathers of sociology, Emile Durkheim, meant when he wrote in 1895 that the establishment of a sense of community is facilitated by a class of actors who carry a stigma and sense of stigmatization and are termed 'deviant.' Unity is provided to any collectivity by uniting against those who are seen as a common threat to the social order and morality of a group. Consequently, the stigma and the stigmatization of some persons demarcates a boundary that reinforces the conduct of conformists. Therefore, a collective sense of morality is achieved by the creation of stigma and stigmatization and deviance." - Gerhard Falk, Stigma: How We Treat Outsiders 7. "Once you go on welfare it changes you. Even if you get off welfare, you never escape the stigma that you were a charity case. You're scarred for life." - Jeannette Walls, The Glass Castle 8. "Nowadays he’s got more than he ever had in his life, he has everything but breeding, he’s freed himself from every stigma, but he sits nursing his hangover of hatred. . . " - Harper Lee, Go Set a Watchman 9. "...the issue becomes not whether a person has experience with a stigma of his own, because he has, but rather how many varieties he has had his own experience with." - Erving Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity 10. "Holding one's self responsible is a critical feature in stigma and in the generation of shame since violation of standards, rules, and goals are insufficient in its elicitation unless responsibility can be placed on the self. Stigma may differ from other elicitors of shame and guilt, in part because it is a social appearance factor. The degree to which the stigma is socially apparent is the degree to which one must negotiate the issue of blame, not only for one's self but between one's self and the other who is witness to the stigma. Stigmatization is a much more powerful elicitor of shame and guilt in that it requires a negotiation not only between one's self and one's attributions, but between one's self and the attributions of others." - Quote by Michael Lewis Stigma meaning in Hindi, Meaning of Stigma in English Hindi Dictionary. Pioneer by, helpful tool of English Hindi Dictionary. Related Similar & Broader Words of Stigma reproductive structure, More matches words for Stigma stigma of senescence - जराजन्य लांछन stigma receptivity - वर्तिकाग्र सुग्राहिता Browse By Letters
A glass of wine is a prominent alcohol generally generated from fermented grapes. Yeasts consume the sugar from the grapes and convert it right into alcohol, carbon dioxide and water. Different sorts of yeast and different strains of yeasts are crucial consider producing different styles of wine from around the world. Some red wines are very sweet, dry as well as pleasant. Many years earlier, wine makers utilized a simple approach to establish the taste of red wine: adding water to the red wine and afterwards checking it versus a specific reference wine example. This method showed challenging due to the fact that not all wines share the exact same taste. After numerous years of study and also more screening, wine makers started making use of sensory assessment in their white wine making procedure. This sort of test involved the cup drinking the white wine and afterwards ranking how acid, clean, bitter or fruity the wine tasted based upon its total scent, look, taste and also odor. Many people feel that this technique is subjective, however a glass of wine professionals worldwide concur that this approach provides an excellent action of just how a white wine will certainly taste when it is taken in. logo Numerous white wines, called whites, have much less acid than merlots. Actually, the acidity degree of most whites is close to that of butter. White wines generally have higher degrees of alcohol content due to the fact that they are generated with different growing problems as well as have different yeasts. The majority of gewurztraminers were made with naturally expanded grapes, which have high acidity and high grape volume. They are likewise matured in oak barrels, which have high acidity since they supply the storage temperature level for the a glass of wine. Merlot, which is the dominant kind of white wine, has greater degrees of alcohol. Because of this, some people think that merlot has more calories. In fact, calories are not a factor in the taste of either white wine or red wine. Actually, the quantity of calories present in an alcohol beverage is negligible compared to other liquids like water and ice. So consuming alcohol a glass of wine is really a healthy and balanced means to enjoy a revitalizing beverage. Merlot might have a lot more alcohol due to the fermentation process, but it includes fewer calories than a similar-sized glass of gewurztraminer. Although red and gewurztraminer include basically the same quantity of calories, each kind of alcohol does have certain advantages and downsides. Red wine is a better alternative for merlot lovers because gewurztraminer does not contain as several calories per serving. While red wine might not be an excellent alternative for diabetics or people who have hypertension, it is beneficial to those people that have lowered calorie diet plans. Although the alcoholic content of red wine is equivalent to twenty ounces of water, most people can drink a glass with no unfavorable influence. wine box Overall, both sorts of liquors give wellness benefits, although there might be some advantages to one type of beverage over the various other. Red wine is a tasty beverage to drink, however it is not the just one that give wellness benefits. Lots of people enjoy wine for its pleasurable taste. While lots of people enjoy a glass of wine, they should likewise recognize how much alcohol web content is included in the bottle as well as how much calories are contained in it. This information will aid you make the best option feasible. White wine is a liquor usually generated by fermenting grapes with the aid of a special bacteria called yeast. The yeast consumes the sugars in the grapes and also transforms it right into alcohol, co2 and energy. Various varieties of yeasts and grapes are necessary consider producing different designs of wine. The procedure may be hands-on or automated, yet the outcome is still the same: grape sugars are exchanged alcohol, carbon dioxide and water. There are 3 types of a glass of wine manufacturing. First is the Chardonnay, which is a merlot grape types native to France. It is renowned for its crisp, fresh taste, which is why lots of people like to drink it when it is young. However, as the grape grows and also it is become white wine, several of the crisp characteristics are shed. Wine makers add certain ingredients to improve the taste of this a glass of wine. Pinot noir is the white wine grape variety expanded in Southern France and also Italy. It is just one of the most commonly utilized grapes in the whole winemaking process, due to the fact that it matures easily and also generates really sweet white wines. A few of the very best Pinot noir originates from Wine red, where the environment and also soil are best for expanding the grapes in abundance. Cabernet Sauvignon is typically described as one of the most popular white wine grape on the planet. This medium-sized, black grape range is commonly expanded in South America as well as Australia. As a single varietal, Cabernet is prone to being robust, with high level of acidity levels. Some wine makers add acid blockers to a glass of wine before fermentation to hinder the formation of too much acid during the growth process. Malbec is thought about the “crowned champion” of the a glass of wine world. Malbec is really a range of pinot noir, yet Pinot noir grapes have a tendency to be extra tart than males. Malbec is one of the most widely used wine made from Merlot grapes in the whole globe. They do, nonetheless, have a reduced acidity than pinot noir grapes, giving them a reduced chance of being excessively sharp. Malbec is an excellent red wine made from Merlot grapes. It is even used to make sparkling wines! cute Finally, we concern our last, and arguably most important factor. White wine tannins offer the “arkent” or “kick” in lots of merlots. The longer the grapes are kept and ferment, the much more tannins are released. White wines with higher tannin web content will constantly have an extra delicate flavor – they are not matched to combining with many solid merlots, for instance. This Is How Healthy Eating Will Appear Like In ten years Time. Right here's What Individuals Are Stating Concerning Blogging. Leave a Reply
A Literary Analysis Of Hamlet's Plot And Tragic Hero 764 Words4 Pages Q:-Critically analyze the structure of the plot and the tragic hero of Hamlet or Macbeth according to Aristotle’s Poetics Aristotle defined tragedy as:- “the imitation of an action that is serious and also, as having magnitude, complete in itself; in appropriate and pleasurable language...in a dramatic rather than narrative form; with incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish a catharsis of these emotions.” (Aristotle Poetics Ch.6) …show more content… A tragedy consists of following 6 formative elements: - 1-Plot 3-Thought 4-Diction 5-Spectacle 6-Song Critical Analysis of Hamlet’s Plot and Tragic …show more content… Aristotle believed that there should be unity of plot in a play meaning no sub plots should be found but in Hamlet we observe that many sub plots take place these sub plots are necessary in creating the effect of tragedy if we remove them than the play will move in a straight manner towards the end but it won’t have the same effect on the audience. Shakespeare also completely disregards the use of unity of place as it shift from the palace to the outside of Denmark and then to Norway. Shakespeare also does not make use of the unity of time. Aristotle believed that there should be a proper beginning, middle and ending with in the play. The introduction of the ghost and Horatio informing Hamlet about it is the beginning of the plot. Hamlet killing Claudius and getting revenge is the ending of the play. Shakespeare made use of Aristotle’s concept of Magnitude with in the More about A Literary Analysis Of Hamlet's Plot And Tragic Hero Open Document
A healthy population is better equipped to handle a pandemic The 103rd Dies Natalis is to take place on 9 March. Online, this time, due to the global outbreak of COVID-19. Wageningen University & Research is also affected by the pandemic and is working on preventing future outbreaks in different ways. Experts discuss this topic on 9 March during the celebration entitled Pandemic Prevention, Prediction and Preparedness. Professor of Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles Emely de Vet is one of them. ‘That is not how I see it. Being overweight is not a personal choice but a societal problem. As long as 80 per cent of the products available in the supermarket do not fall within the food guide pyramid, and three-quarters of the products on sale are unhealthy, changing one’s lifestyle will be difficult for most people.’ With ten million people chronically ill, we can no longer think casually about lifestyle Does one’s vulnerability in a pandemic depend on lifestyle? ‘Yes. An unhealthy lifestyle increases the chance of chronic diseases, and that is what makes you vulnerable. People who are overweight, for example, suffer from diabetes and cardiovascular diseases more frequently. These are all risk-factors in an exacerbated response to a corona infection. This is something minister De Jonge repeatedly stressed last year: live healthily. If you are fit, your immune system works better, which makes you less vulnerable in a pandemic.’ Still, there are many who think: It won’t be that bad. ‘True. However, this is a far too casual attitude if you consider that there are ten million chronically ill people in the Netherlands. This includes diseases with mild symptoms such as hayfever and bronchitis, but over half -in excess of 5.4 million- have more than one chronic affliction and visited their general practitioner with symptoms (such as pain, mental afflictions, restricted daily functioning, ed.) in 2019. So, the corona pandemic is a wakeup call? ‘Absolutely. It demonstrates how urgently we need to address the lifestyle issue. Not just from the perspective of sickness but also because it overburdens the healthcare system. Even without corona, lifestyle-related afflictions place a huge burden on the health care system, which is currently under extreme pressure because people with preconditions such as obesity or diabetes end up in the ICU. The fact that these vulnerable groups are the first to get vaccinated is just, but it does prompt reactions. As is if they themselves are to blame for having to be admitted to the ICU and occupying a bed there.’ More fruit and ten minutes of exercise makes us more resilient against a pandemic A doctor who mentioned last year that a disproportionate number of people from non-western backgrounds occupy the ICUs was called out for it. Do you feel that we should state what people are in the ICUs? ‘Yes, but within the correct context. The causes are much more complicated than mere background, non-compliance with the corona measures or a lack of motivation to live a healthy lifestyle. The crux is that these people are more vulnerable due to their adverse position in society. Corona reveals the painful reality of socioeconomic inequalities and amplifies the differences. Many people with low-wage jobs are not able to work from home. Their smaller houses, which they often occupy with more people, are located in high-density neighbourhoods. Moreover, they experience more stress than usual about their income and fear of losing their job due to corona. Healthy eating is not a priority, and even less so if healthy products are more expensive than unhealthy alternatives. These people are relatively more often afflicted by health issues such as obesity and diabetes, which increase the risks of a corona infection. Thus, there are groups for whom it is much more difficult to escape the consequences of corona and a pandemic.’ How will you ensure we are fitter before the next pandemic emerges? ‘Our Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles group is in a unique position because we merge a large number of different disciplines. From health sciences to psychology, pedagogy, geography and anthropology. Understanding human behaviour and designing interventions call for a broad perspective.’ What interventions might that be? ‘Various ones: from food education in primary schools to adjustments in the food-environment (supermarkets, gas stations, catering, educational facilities, ed.) making it easier to make healthier choices. Moreover, there are digital tools in healthcare that help patients achieve behavioural changes. We collaborate with partners in governance and practice to study the effects of policy and interventions. A striking example is provided by the academic workplace public health (AGORA) in which we collaborate with the GGD (public health service) of North and East Gelderland and 22 municipalities to put scientific research to the test and create societal impact.’ Interventions are often aimed at small changes in behaviour, such as choosing an apple rather than a snack. Is that sufficient to protect us from the next virus outbreak? ‘For you, as an individual, it may not make much of a difference, but if the entire population eats two items of fruit, it does. If all of us exercise ten minutes a day, the population as a whole becomes more resilient against a future pandemic. Thus, we must not approach lifestyle as an individual responsibility but address the system that perpetuates an unhealthy lifestyle, for example, by introducing fat or sugar taxes. Many in The Hague have petitioned for such measures over the years, and corona is now increasing the urgency. I, for one, am happy that the importance of lifestyle and living environment is more often included in election programmes than four years ago, and that the government has recently earmarked two hundred million euros to improve the wellbeing and lifestyle of vulnerable groups.’
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Air Transportation: August 30, 2001 In America, the air force and army are working hard to develop forces and plans for quick intervention in overseas hotspots. It's often pointed out that there are not enough military air transports to support all these schemes. Congress is reluctant to fund something as unexciting as additional transport aircraft. But there is another reason to be hesitant. Some 70 percent of the current missions flown by 800 U.S. military transports are operated by reserve crews. Same with the ground crews and other support people. All these pilots and technicians are "borrowed" from commercial airlines. In addition, some six hundred commercial aircraft (and their crews) belong to CRAF (Civil Reserve Air Fleet). In a wartime emergency, the CRAF aircraft are mobilized for military use (in peacetime the airlines are paid a fee for making these transports available.) When you do the math, you realize that adding more air transports to the military fleet will mean having to recruit more reserve pilots and maintenance people from the civilian airlines. There is no other source. You can't recruit and train active duty transport pilots, because there is not enough for them to do in peacetime. Thats why so many of the transports are flown by reservists. Even then, many of these flights are with empty aircraft. The reserve pilots have to fly so many hours a year in the military transports to maintain their skills in these unique aircraft. That so many flights are empty is kept quiet, as this sort of "waste" raises hackles in Congress (and headlines for the media on a slow news day.) Put another way, the size of the American military air transport fleet is made possible by the huge size of American civil aviation. But you can only take away so many pilots and maintenance people from the civil fleet for military use before civil aviation is crippled. You won't hear about this unless the military gets a lot more air transports. At that point it will become more clear that rapid intervention in overseas crises is, perhaps, a little too ambitious. Article Archive Help Keep Us Soaring Subscribe Contribute Close
Findings of a new study offer a new timeline for smallpox, a deadly disease caused by the variola virus. Smallpox Not An Ancient Disease Researchers have found evidence suggesting that the pathogen responsible for millions of deaths worldwide before it was finally declared eradicated in 1980 may be a modern killer and not an ancient disease as previously believed. The disease had long been believed to have emerged among humans thousands of years ago, afflicting people in India, Egypt, and China. Some historical accounts even suggest the Egyptian pharaoh Ramses V, who passed away in 1145 B.C., had been struck by smallpox. Disease Could Be Much Younger Than Previously Thought For the study that involved the genetic analysis of the viral DNA taken from the partially mummified remains of a child dating back from the 17th century, researchers found that the smallpox could be just some hundreds of years old. The researchers obtained clearance from the World Health Organization in Geneva to extract heavily fragmented DNA from a mummified Lithuanian child, who likely died between 1643 and 1665, when Europe was hit by several smallpox outbreaks. Analysis Of Ancient DNA Sheds Light On Evolution Of Smallpox The researchers captured, sequenced, and completely reconstructed the smallpox DNA and then compared the strain to those from modern samples dating between 1940 and 1977, when the last known case of the disease occurred in Somalia. "Our data clearly show that the VARV lineages eradicated during the 20th century had only been in existence for ∼200 years, at a time of rapidly expanding human movement and population size in the face of increasingly widespread inoculation and vaccination," the researchers wrote in their study. The WHO has only allowed two laboratories to store samples of smallpox, one in Atlanta in the United States and another in Russia. The agency regularly inspects these repositories to ensure they are safe and secure. ⓒ 2021 All rights reserved. Do not reproduce without permission.
Skip to content ( OPI ) Cut-Off Levels (ng/mL) Window of Detection 250 ng/mL (Urine) 5 - 7 Days (Urine) What are Opiates? Opiates are naturally derived from the active ingredients in the opium poppy plant. All opiates fall under the category of opioids since the accepted definition of opioids is now any drug that reacts on the opioid receptors of the brain. Like other opioids, opiates have a high potential for abuse and dependency. Users will build a tolerance to the drug and will need to take larger does in order to achieve the desired effects and to mitigate the common withdrawal symptoms associated with cessation. Common Nicknames How is it Used? Opiates come in a variety of forms and can be, taken orally, absorbed through the skin, inhaled, insufflated, and injected both intravenously and intramuscularly. What Does it Look Like? Common Symptoms Noticeable elation/euphoria. Marked sedation/drowsiness. Constricted pupils. Slowed breathing. Intermittent nodding off, or loss of consciousness. What Are the Effects? The effects of opiates are similar to that of other opioids. The effects vary in strength and duration depending on the size of dose frequency of use and other physical factors of the user. When injected or taken intravenously onset effects take place almost immediately as posed to digesting it or inhaling it. Opiates will produce a pain relieving euphoric effect which leads to severe psychological and psychical dependence and addiction. More serious health effects and death can be associated with prolonged use of opioids if not taken properly under medical supervision. Legal Status Opiates, or most opioids, are Schedule II or Schedule III substances under the U.S. Controlled Substance Act however, Heroin, a synthetic opioid is a Scheduled I substance.
A note about elven names Elves have a lot of names A LOT OF NAMES. Often these names are significant and/or portentous. They can have three kinds of “Anessi”, given names. • The first is the fathername (we dont have an actual word for fathername in quenya), given at birth. • The second, amilessë, is the “mother name” and is given later in life. Mothers were thought to have insight, often prophetic, into their childrens character, so mothernames had a great deal of significance. • Epessë, “afternames”, were names or titles of honor either granted to the elf or self chosen. • There is a fourth kind of name, the Kilmessë, which is chosen by an elf once they are “capable of lámatyáve” which is to say “fluent enough to take joy in individual sounds and words”. This name was a private name, though not secret, and using it without permission was considered presumptuous or an insult. Fun Fact about Valar Names While Melkor’s names, as you will see below, are traditionally quenya and sindarin, he is actually the exception to the rule. The other Valar’s names, while often having both quenya and sindarin forms, are based on their names in YET ANOTHER language Tolkien invented, called Valarin. This language is BONKERS WEIRD. It barely counts as a “language” as Tolkien only really sketched out some words and a bit of structure but its cool to see. Fëanor: sindarin rendering of his amilessë, Fëanáro, meaning “spirit of fire”. Curufinwë: quenya, his fathername, meaning “skillful son of Finwë” Melkor – quenya, lit. “mighty rising”, translated in the Silmarillion as “he who arises in Might” Morgoth – sindarin for “dark foe” While the translation of Sauron as a quenya word meaning “The Abhored” is pretty consistent, the origin for this word went through a number of iterations over time. the elfdict entry for the word has a great rundown. pronunciation: gweyeth-ee-mear-deyen sindarin for “the People of the Jewel-smiths”
Seurat's painting From Mathematics Is A Science Jump to navigationJump to search From a recent article in the Notices of the AMS "What is persistent homology?" by Shmuel Weinberger: " Consider the art of Seurat or a piece of old newsprint. The eye, or the brain, performs the marvelous task of taking the sense data of individual points and assembling them into a coherent image of a continuum — it infers the continuous from the discrete." The articles goes on to explain how topologists have learned to deal with noise and uncertainty of real life images and data. The tool is called persistent homology. The article explains some of the mathematics but not how exactly this approach applies to the painting. I'll try to analyze this image with Pixcavator. First, I had to choose a color channel. The reason is that true color analysis is still impractical (also multiparameter persistence isn't well understood). Whatever the channel is, the result is a gray scale image. In this case, persistence = contrast. I decided to concentrate on contrast only and see how far using only topological tools can take us. Not far. In the first experiment, I chose "Blue". Then I allowed myself to move only the "contrast" slider and tried to isolate the sail with least amount of noise left. The first image below is the result. A lot of small specs all around. Moving the slider further to the right would merge the sail with the background. Now, if you are allowed to filter out objects based on their sizes, the result is much better, second image. Much less noise and, in addition to the sail, the leaves and the shore line are captured too. Seurat Px50blue 2x 10 79 0 0 0 255.jpg Seurat Px50blue 2x 773 57 0 22 0 255.jpg In the second experiment, I chose "Green". Once again, I allowed myself to move only the "contrast" slider and tried to isolate the rower in the rowing boat, with least amount of noise left. Same story. Seurat Px50green 2x 10 61 0 0 0 255.jpg Seurat Px50green 2x 304 5 0 28 0 255.jpg The results aren't surprising at all. One sees similar results as salt-and-pepper noise, which is common in imaging, will have high contrast. So, the bottom line is you can't rely entirely on contrast/persistence and ignore geometry. Of course, color image analysis might produce better results.
Modding NHeat - Some 3D Basics For modding NHeat, even when "only" converting a car from another sim, it's important to have at least an understanding of 3D modeling basics. Therefore it's strongly recommended to download and carefully read (and understand) the zmodeler manual. Some 3D modeling basics In modeling space, in a 3D program, each and any object is made up from a number of triangular planes. These planes are called "faces". A face has a front side and no backside. If you're looking at a face from it's backside, you'll simply look through it. You can make it's frontside turning into it's backside, but you'll always only have one side of that plane that shows up. If you need to have some plane that has both a showing front- and backside, you'll have to make a copy of the base plane, flip the copy's frontside and add the copy to the original. The 3 corners of each face are called vertices. It may sound weird at first, but each vertex looks towards a certain direction. If light falls on a place nearby a vertex, the reflection of that light (= intensity of what you see) depends on towards where that face's vertices are oriented. If the vertex' orientation is opposite to the face's frontside, there'll only be very little or no reflection of light. The face's frontside will show up very dull nearby that vertex To show a vertex' orientation, there's an associated line called "normal" on each vertex,that indicates where light would be reflected to from the adhering face's surface. So by rotating the normals, you can for example make a face look being not a flat plane, but having rounded edges. By scaling a face's vertices normal's length, you scale the intensity of reflection of light. If you scale down a normal to a length 0, no light will be reflected at all at it's vertex' location So the levels of a 3D model are • Vertex and it's associated normal • Face - made up from vertices that have been connected by lines. Face = poligon • Object - made up from faces. Typically, an object is a mesh of faces 3D ball, made up from triangular planes The red dots are the vertices, the green lines are the normals To edit a 3D model, you'll always first have to chose on which of these levels you actually want to do some editing. You cannot delete or add Faces in Object mode - you can only add or delete objects in Object mode. But you can delete Objects in Face or Vertex mode, if you delete all the object's faces or vertices, as then the object will simply stop to exist. You'll have to get used to that concept. If you are about to do some editing to your 3D model, always first make sure that zmod is set to the right editing level for what you intend to do Vertices can be welded to another; faces can share vertices. Thus, moving a vertex means manipulating each face that is connected to that vertex - and that vertex' normal ! This is important, as what you'll see afterwards in NHeat is not just the object, but how it's surface reflects light. A smoothly made surface will look distorted and/or even broken in places when the normals are not set in the right way or faces don't share vertices in places where they should. Zmodeler takes care of how to set the normals - in some way. In "automode", normals are automatically adjusted to always length 1 (=100%) and right angle on top of the surrounding surface - at least each time you work on that vertex. You can make zmod do this for all vertices all in one step by using autocalculate function (Surface... -> Normals... -> Calculate) But sometimes it can be better to adjust vertices manually to get certain effects. One example would be the length of the normals on a tire rubber's surface. Rubber will only reflect little light, thus it may be a good idea to shorten the normals at those places to reasonable light reflections. If the tire rubber surface and it's rim share vertices, this would either cause the rim's edge to get dull as well, or the rubber's edge to be more shiny. A way to get around this effect is to make shure that rim and rubber don't share any vertices. Some major part of 3D modeling is not about building a model/object, but rather about making it look right. Adjusting normals is part of doing this. The other part is taking care about which faces are connected to each other - and which are not, as by not welding vertices/connecting faces you enable each face to reflect light independedly from each other. Connected faces' light reflections are not independent, as those faces share normals. On this example you see the back of a car, with all faces being connected to each other (right), minimizing the total amount of vertices. Each face shares it's vertices and normals with the ones it is connected to. The resulting surface looks smooth. On the left, you see the same car's back, but now the surface has been split up in places. The resulting surface looks more pointed than before. And more real The advantage of splitting up faces that way - if done right - is that zmodeler's autocalculate function (Surface... -> Normals... -> Calculate) will set the normal's orientation right; you won't have to manually adjust any normal's orientation 3D models imported from some format that is not the program's own (in case of zmod Z3D-format), there'll be some information lost on the import process - the normal's correct status can be one of those lost informations. Zmod will make assumptions how to set the normals, but that doesn't need to be the correct assumptions. So if you have imported your model and don't have it's Z3D sources, you should at least check on it's normals if they look to be adjusted right on each place. 3D? 2D ? Another aspect to take into consideration right from start should be about which way to work out details on the car model You can either work out details in 2D, by using graphic effects on the car's textures to "fake" 3D structures, or you can make this really be 3D details. Either way is ok and makes sense. "Faking" 3D by texturing works best on high res textures (which increases GPU load), while increasing 3D detail increases poligon count and CPU load. Some general advice could be that the bigger the 3D detail, the more real 3D it should be If you are converting cars from other games and have to rescale the car's textures, the 2D "fake 3D" effects will suffer most by the textures' blurring. 3D air intages on this car from GroupC mod, but 2D doorframes Multiple Objects Another suggestion is to split up the car body to several objects and only merge them back to one object when exporting to NHeat. This can easily be done on any object by first selecting all those faces that you intend to detach from the main object. Then chose function Objects... -> Create... - > Detach in zmodeler and use it on your object in face mode. It will split up your old object and create a new one. The use of splitting up any object is to make parts of it easier available to editing and mapping. Since light reflections may change on transistion areas of materials, which probably will (should) be transistions of textures on the car model as well, splitting a car along (some of) it's intended mapping areas for example would be no bad idea. Using Objects... -> Create... - > Unite in Object mode will merge objects - but it won't weld it's vertices ! To weld vertices, you'll have to use Objects... -> Create... - > Unite in Vertex mode - and only within one object. You cannot weld one object's vertices to another one's. You'd have to merge the objects before being able to weld it's vertices. [ 3D Basics ]
Question: What is lb mean in weight? Pound, unit of avoirdupois weight, equal to 16 ounces, 7,000 grains, or 0.45359237 kg, and of troy and apothecaries weight, equal to 12 ounces, 5,760 grains, or 0.3732417216 kg. The Roman ancestor of the modern pound, the libra, is the source of the abbreviation lb.Pound, unit of avoirdupois What lb means? pound Roman libra The libra (Latin for scales / balance) is an ancient Roman unit of mass that was equivalent to approximately 328.9 grams. The libra is the origin of the abbreviation for pound, lb. What is lb full form in weight? lb is a written abbreviation for pound, when it refers to weight. What is the word of lbs? What does LBS mean? LBS is a textspeak acronym standing for laughing but serious. It is also used as a shortening of the measuring unit pounds, which originates from the latin libra. Now you know. Is pound a mass or weight? In other contexts, the unit pound refers to a unit of mass. The international standard symbol for the pound as a unit of mass is lb. In the engineering systems (middle column), the weight of the mass unit (pound-mass) on Earths surface is approximately equal to the force unit (pound-force). Is there a difference between lb and lbs? Tell us about you Find us at the office Chalcraft- Kurin street no. 49, 65214 Beijing, China Give us a ring Raylen Lenane +27 813 510 167 Mon - Fri, 11:00-16:00 Tell us about you
Conversation Topics for English Learners: What’s for Dinner? Hello English Learners. Do you like food? Do you talk a lot about food in your primary language? Imagine you’re having a conversation in American English about having dinner with others. What would you say? What would other say? Here are a few suggestions: — You’re hungry, go in the kitchen, open the refrigerator, and see that the refrigerator is empty. What would you tell your room mate about dinner? What would your room mate tell you? — You’re invited for a party at your family’s home. Now that you’re an adult, you miss the food you grew up with and hope you taste some delicious home made food. What would you tell your family? What would your family tell you? — You’re in front of a restaurant with your date. You talk about different types of food you enjoy eating and try to decide if you want to eat at that restaurant. What would you tell your date? What would your date tell you? Americans love talking about food, so you need to practice speaking in English about food with your family, friends, or colleagues. Leave a Reply
Monday, February 26, 2018 Family of the Week: The Clawed Monkeys Monday, February 19, 2018 Family of the Week: The Earless Sea-Monkeys The family Delphinadapidae is the most advanced group of aquatic pentadactyls in the Metazoic. Evolved from particular species of the Promonsamiidae family, these animals have dropped the musk glands present in the Promonsamiids, and have very short, but thick, fur. The tail is long and eel-like, and waves from side to side to propel the animals through the water. The ears are little more than slits on the sides of the head that have small flaps that close the ears while the animals are underwater. The foreflippers are larger than the rear flippers and are used for steering. The muzzle is long, with nostrils at the tip, with whiskers that are thick, and sensitive. The eyes are rather large, as these animals can dive pretty deep. Unlike their modern namesake, these animals do come to land to relax and breed. All sea monkey species are most active during the day, spending most of the day in the ocean, and coming to land by night to sleep on the beach. On land, these animals move a lot like modern Phocidae seals, only their foreflippers are often used to help pull them over land. Unlike seals and dolphins, the body is quite flexible, and these animals often curl up on the beach, like cats, when resting. All species in this family are carnivorous, though while some species are strictly piscivorous, some will feed on other smaller mammals, including other sea monkeys. Phocinus has the most varied diet in this family. It is also the largest and heaviest species in this family, with a total length of about 25 feet long, including the tail. These animals use their large, powerful jaws to crush the head and neck bones of their prey, then they tear chunks out of the flesh using shaking motions underwater. Prey consists of fish, as well as oceanic birds and bats, other sea monkeys, seals, and even occasional deer who wander near the ocean. The smallest species in the family are in the genus Delphinadapis, with a total length of about 3-4 feet long, including the tail. Like modern dolphins, these animals' preferred method of locomotion is to porpoise through the water, and they are good at it. Porpoising practically doubles their swimming speed, and it shocks fish to congregate into tight groups for easy pickings. These animals are very intelligent, much like modern dolphins. Delphinadapis is also among the fastest swimming pentadactyls, with the ability to reach speeds of up to 45 MPH. Similar in size and lifestyle is Uropinnaps. Though in Uropinnaps, the body is much longer and more slender than in Delphinadapis. The most unusual member of this family is Leptorca, also known as the spinner sea-monkey. As their name suggests, they spin in the air as they leap out of the water. They also use this spinning motion while swimming. This is somewhat reminiscent of modern sea lions, and like sea lions, this motion helps these animals view their surroundings at all angles. They are the most slender of the sea monkeys, with the longest muzzle. The muzzle is filled with long, sharp teeth, which enables them to grab fish, squid, and even jellyfish. They will also probe in crevices to hunt prey like crabs and shrimp. The flesh at the tip of their muzzle is very sensitive, so much so that they can detect prey in their hiding places just by feeling their vibrations in the water. Megalobracchium has the most primitive foreflippers, which still resemble the arms of land-dwelling pentadactyls. The flippers are rather short themselves, but powerful. The hands are also still capable of grasping prey, and sometimes, this sea monkey will use their flexible hands to grasp large rocks that they can use to crush open shellfish, such as crabs and lobster, and clams. Predators of these sea monkeys are basically anything that can capture them; both on land and in the ocean. Giant sea genets are perhaps one of their deadliest enemies. As are larger sea monkeys. Sharks will also prey on these animals. Sometimes even sea-going crocodiles. On land, more often the young are taken by foxes, civets, and even deinognathids. Though rarely are the adults taken by land-based predators. Sometimes there are exceptions even to that rule. A sickened adult may be taken by the larger deinognathids. Swimming is often the best defense for these sea monkeys. Though they can use their sharp teeth and powerful jaws as defensive weapons as well. To view this family, go to this link. Wednesday, February 7, 2018 Family of the Week: The Rear-Clawed Lemurs The family Pholidobatidae is unique among pentadactyl families, for having larger, scale-like folds in the soles of their feet and palms of their hands, instead of the typical fingerprint patterns we are familiar with in primates today. This feature is a little more reminiscent of the geckos of today. Other real characteristics of this family is the presence of flat nails on the hands, while the feet are tipped with sharp, curved claws, much like the marmosets and tamarins of today. Most species in this family are nocturnal and mainly omnivorous. The claws on the rear feet are used for either aid in climbing or defense, and in some species, even for dispatching large prey. Most species in this family are ground-dwellers, mostly in arid regions. The folds in the palms and soles help grip the loose, sandy ground they live on, and in the case of the tree-dwelling species, helps them get a good grip on the tree trunks they prefer, which is so smooth, it's almost glass-like and slippery in the moist climate. The most arboreal species in this family are Pholidobata and Lepidopus, who live among specific varieties of eucalyptus trees with these extremely smooth trunks, feed on the toxic leaves, and sleep curled up in the highest branches. These lemurs are not active leapers, but spend nearly 100% of their time in the trees, almost never coming to the ground levels. These species are almost strict vegetarians, only occasionally feeding on insects and grubs. Different species have varying levels of omnivory. Parapithecia is the most carnivorous species. Though meat only makes up less than 50% of this animal's diet. The large claws on their feet are as long as 6 inches, sharp and curved, and used to disembowel prey. The hind feet are elongate, much longer than in any other species in this family, and aid this animal in leaping up to 5 times their own body length. Occasionally, these huge lemurs will hunt such prey as antelope and therapeds. Though they scavenge kills by other animals just about as often as they hunt, and they feed on leaves, fruits and grasses more often than they consume meat. The most varied genus is Decarus, most of which are ground-dwellers, but a few of these species also inhabit the trees, though they prefer to live at much lower levels than Pholidobata and Lepidopus. They are also much active leapers, with a much more varied diet. Most of the ground-dwellers in this genus prefer arid and savanna lands. Though D. epaulettus, D. picta and D. alienus prefer the wetter rainforest climates. D. epaulettus also lives in the highest elevations among members of this family. The ruffles on the animal's upper back help keep them warmer in the cool mountain climates. Like the majority of lemurs, these animals are social creatures, living in small family groups, usually consisting of a dominant male, a few females, a subordinate male and young. Communication consists of calls. Pholidobata has the loudest calls, resembling those of a child crying. Each individual call lasts as long as a minute, and are generally given by the males. Parapithecia and it's close relatives are almost strictly ground-dwelling, only occasionally retreating to the trees when danger threatens. They communicate with other families with loud, whooping calls that carry all across several miles of savanna. Breeding for these animals occurs only once a year, and usually a single cub is born to each female, though all females in the family unit may be bred at the same time. Predators of these lemurs are quite a few. Various carnivores like foxes, mongooses and vulpemustelids may take these lemurs if they can capture them. Large, predatory bats may also take the tree-dwelling species. Deinognathids are also major predators of these lemurs. Spathodon is the greatest enemy of Parapithecia and it's closest relatives. In defense, these animals will run, kicking back with their sharp claws, most of the time, they will seek refuge up a tree, or in burrows or bushes. To view this family, follow this link.
What Is General Law? What is general law What Is General Law? General Law is a course taken by different renowned and reputed educational institutes in India. It is designed to provide knowledge on various subjects that pertain to the areas of civil law, corporate law, Family law, labor law, immigration law, and other relevant fields. It covers everything that concerns the administration of legal systems, and teaches the fundamental laws that govern human rights. A General Law student, through the study and internship program, learns the fundamental laws that govern the administration of criminal law, corporate law, labor law, immigration law, as well as all other related fields. During the course, a candidate acquires the skills to conduct a research, analyze a document, draw a line, make an argument, compose a brief, and communicate with people from diverse backgrounds. This prepares him/her for the position of an attorney practicing in a criminal court, prosecutor in a criminal court, or a lifepace lawyer, who takes care of clientele who are charged with various criminal acts. The General Laws curriculum also involves learning about the lifepace law and how it works. The subjects covered during the course are human rights, penal law, administrative law, and legislation. The courses cover the complete set of topics, which include prosecution and plea bargaining, defenses to prosecution, correctional law, family law, probate, and property law. The General Laws course also includes the core examination, which consists of a written test, reasoning section, response section, and oral interview section. Candidates who successfully pass the examination are awarded a General Laws certificate, which is required to be renewed yearly. Candidates can apply for the certification either online or through the traditional method by attending a nls approved institute. On successful renewal of the certificate, a person is required to take a national tests-in which all the exams are based on the British Standards. After obtaining an NLS certificate, the interested individual may want to enroll into a law firm specializing in corporate law. Becoming an expert in a specific area of expertise, such as corporate law, enables an individual to work in a variety of different environments, including state and local governments, entertainment companies, and manufacturers. Such experience allows a person to work in a variety of different settings. Because of this, many individuals who are interested in becoming lawyers opt to specialize in a certain area of the field, such as corporate law, instead of trying to become a specialist in any other area. An NLS specialist can also be of great benefit to a person who has recently relocated to Delhi, India. Delhi, one of the most modern and progressive cities in India, has some of the strictest laws on crimes and the punishment associated with them. An NLS lawyer can help his or her client to navigate the complex criminal law system in Delhi and advise them accordingly. Experienced lawyers who have served time in jail, or have been convicted of crimes can be unable to practice in a new city. As a result, relocating to a new city such as Delhi makes it very difficult for a person to get an experienced lawyer. Delhi criminal law is very different from other criminal law practices. It is very different because unlike cases which happen within a metropolitan area, criminal law concerns issues that occur outside of the United States and involve complex international disputes. The criminal law practiced in Delhi involves a variety of complicated nuances and is much more difficult to understand for people outside of India. If you are looking to become an expert in this area of law, it would be in your best interest to look towards hiring the services of an experienced and qualified expert to help you navigate the complex criminal law system of Delhi.
Question: What was the Wheel of Fortune in the Middle Ages? In medieval and ancient philosophy the Wheel of Fortune, or Rota Fortunae, is a symbol of the capricious nature of Fate. The wheel belongs to the goddess Fortuna (Greek equivalent Tyche) who spins it at random, changing the positions of those on the wheel: some suffer great misfortune, others gain windfalls. What purpose did the Wheel of Fortune serve in medieval society? The Wheel served to remind people, particularly nobles who were seen as being the most susceptible to the sin of ambition and the wiles of Fortune, of the temporality of earthly things. Who was Fortuna and what was the Wheel of Fortune? The Roman goddess Fortuna was characterized as having a Rota Fortunae (wheel of fortune) or a ship’s rudder in one one hand and a cornucopia in the other. With these instruments she controlled the fates of people by the spin of the wheel. What is the Wheel of Fortune Shakespeare? Associated with Fortuna was her Rota Fortunae (Latin for “wheel of fortune”), which was a medieval concept that involved the use of a wheel that a person symbolically rode during his or her life. At the top of the wheel, a person’s lifestyle was full of happiness and leisure. IT IS INTERESTING: Question: What are three symbols in the lottery? Eight states of life: Wealth. Pride. Impatience. War. What is the Wheel of Fortune in Boethius? ‘ But Lady Philosophy also reminds Boethius that the wise have to resist putting their faith in the gifts of Fortune. She introduces a famous image of a Wheel of Fortune, which spins between success and favour – and appalling punishment and pain. Does Shakespeare believe in fate? The idea of one’s fate being predetermined by God was a widely accepted idea during the Elizabethan era (Tillyard). … William Shakespeare references the idea of fate in many of his works. Many people believed in the power of the stars to foretell the future. What are the symbols on the wheel of fortune tarot? In some decks, such as the Waite, the wheel is also inscribed with additional alchemical symbols representing the four elements: Earth, Air, Fire and Water (which are also said to be represented throughout the Tarot by the four “suits” of Pentacles or Discs, Wands, Swords, and Cups respectively. Did Elizabethans believe in fate? Most Elizabethans believed in the ideas of fate and astrology; rich people often paid for horoscopes for their children, and before major decisions such as marriage or travel, one would often consult an astrologer to see if the stars favoured it. Influence of gambling
CPR for Adults If you’re in an emergency, CALL 000 The guide below is for use on adults or children over eight years old. You can find our specific guides on CPR for children, infants and pregnancy, HERE. The information below does NOT replace first aid training. If you haven’t been certified in first aid and CPR, we highly recommend doing so before attempting to administer CPR. Before beginning CPR Make sure you follow the DRSABCD action plan. This ensures you perform the vital steps necessary before beginning CPR. CPR for Adults Printable Guide 1 How To preform CPR on an adult or child over eight years old: Chest Compressions 1. Kneel beside the patient and place them on a firm surface, preferably on their back. 2. Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, with the other hand interlocked on top. 3. Straighten your arm and position yourself over the top of the patient’s chest. 4. Use the weight of your body and push your hands down to roughly 1/3 of the depth of their chest. 5. Release the pressure and push down again. CPR for Adults step 1 After 30 Compressions, give two rescue breaths. 6. To ensure that the patient is in the correct position, place one hand on their forehead and the other hand under their chin to tilt their head back. 7. Pinch their nose with your thumb and index finger aund use your otherhand to open their mouth. CPR for Adults step 2 8. Take a breath and form a seal around the patient’s mouth. Blow for about one second and look for the chest to rise and fall. Then give a second breath. *Repeat the process and aim to do five cycles per two minutes. If you get tired, swap with someone else every five cycles. CPR for Adults step 3 Using an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Most businesses house an AED, so if an AED is available, use it. If an AED is available, attach the pads as demonstrated in the picture and follow its instructions. The AED looks at the heart rhythm every two minutes and may deliver a shock to the patient. It will tell you before it does so. Between every analysis, continue performing CPR. Defibrillator AED CPR for adults When to stop CPR Only stop CPR if one of the following occurs: • The person’s breathing returns to normal • It is impossible to continue • A health care professional takes over • The situation becomes too dangerous to continue. If the patient starts breathing If the patient begins to breathe on their own, place them in the recovery position, as shown to the right and continue to monitor them closely. CPR for adults recovery position Interested in more information? View available courses and enrol today!
Chapter Eleven Significant Parisian Locations Visited in The Da Vinci Code The Louvre La Musee du Louvre is the national museum and art gallery of France. It is situated in part of a large palace that was built on the site of the twelfth century fortress of Philip Augustus. King Francis I had it demolished and the present building was constructed. He was a great art collector and subsequent monarchs added both to the Louvre and the art collection during their reigns. When Louis XIV moved his court to Versailles, the Louvre ceased to be a royal palace and it was first used as a public gallery in the eighteenth century In the 1980s and 1990s the museum was refurbished in order to ease access to the public. A large complex of amenities and a shopping mall was opened under the Louvre and the controversial steel-and-glass pyramid was built in the courtyard ( the Cour Napoleon) which had been designed by the American architect, I.M. Pei. He also designed the new wing which has an area of 230,000 square feet. The pyramid does not have 666 panes of glass, as Dan Brown claims, but 67 5 diamond shaped and 118 rectangular panes. It is 79 feet tall and flanked by three smaller pyramids. The Louvre’s collection of fifteenth -nineteenth century paintings is without parallel in the world and the rest of the gallery covers a vast area of art, antiquities and many treasures that belonged to the French royal family. La Pyramide Inversee is located in the underground shopping mall just west of the Louvre to which it connects. The whole structure is made of glass which allows sunlight to enter. L’Eglise de Saint-Sulpice The Church of Saint-Sulpice is situated on the corner of rue Paletine on Place de Sulpice. It has two towers and the church has a heavy and massive look to it. On the left-hand tower there is, perhaps incongruously, the Hebrew inscription JAHWE. The plan of the church and the size are the same as of Notre Dame. The construction of the church started in 1646 on the remains of a smaller church. As there were interruptions to the building, there are many different architectural styles represented. The copper line representing the Paris meridian line, or “roseline,” runs through the choir. The precursor of the telegraph, known as the Chappe system, which was a visual signal line between Paris and Rauen, was fixed on the roof and used until 1850. Baudelaire and the Marquis de Sade were baptized in the church and Victor Hugo got married there in a special ceremony in 1 8 2 2. Jean-Jacques Olier founded the Seminary of Saint-Sulpice (the Sulpicians) and was associated with the Compagnie de Saint-Sacrement, which we looked at in detail in Chapter Ten’s section on Secret Societies. The church is thought to have been the center of its activities. When the documents of the Compagnie de Saint-Sacrement were recalled because of continued opposition from Louis XIV, they are thought to have been hidden in Saint-Sulpice. The Sulpicians dedicated themselves to the training of candidates for the priesthood and the order was named after Sulpicius, a bishop of Bourges in Merovingian times. They founded the city of Montreal in Canada, and built NotreDame Basila there in 1 8 2 9. Interestingly their symbol is two M’s, one upside down upon the other. The Catholic Modernist movement was an organization that was founded in order to train experts to defend the literal meaning of the Bible. The idea backfired, however, as the more the “experts” studied the subject and noted the various inconsistencies in the Bible, the less they felt convinced of the truth of what was written. The Church eventually Significant Parisian Locations Visited in The Da Vinci Code accused them of being Freemasons. The headquarters of the Modernist Movement was Saint-Sulpice. This street starts at rue du Surmelin, 39 and finishes at boulevard Serurier, 67. It stretches from the nineteenth to the 20th arrondissements (districts) of Paris. There are no buildings between numbers 16 and 36; The Da Vinci Code’s Depository Bank of Zurich was supposedly at number 24, which does not exist. Neither does the bank, although the book’s publisher, Doubleday /Random House, has created a fake website at Le Chateau de Villette The castle where The Da Vinci Code’s Leigh Teabing lives is situated 3 5 minutes northwest of Paris near Versailles. It was designed by architect Francois Mansart in about 1668 for Jean Dye!, the CT>mte d’Aufflay, Louis XIV’s ambassador to Venice and was finished in about 1696 by his nephew Jules Hardouin-Mansart. It is one of the most important chateaux in France and is now available for meetings, seminars, vacations, weddings and other special events. It has eleven bedrooms. There are two rectangular-shaped lakes in the 185 acre grounds. The Palace of Versailles was designed at the same time as le Chateau de Villette.
How Much Exercise Does A Labrador Require? \| DogExpress Wednesday , December 8 2021 Express Update Home / Dog care / How Much Exercise Does A Labrador Require? How Much Exercise Does A Labrador Require? Just like we need exercise on a daily basis to stay fit, dogs also require plenty of exercise on a daily basis to stay healthy and fit. Whether you have a young, old, big, or small dog, all require daily exercises to remain healthy. With time the bloodline has diversified and Labradors dogs have become one of the most favored home pets. However, they are still active dog breeds and require regular exercise. The question is how much? Let us help you understand. Why do Labradors need to exercise? Like humans, Labradors have a cardiovascular system (blood vessels and heart) that becomes more healthy and efficient, the more it is used. Exercise helps your dogs grow more blood vessels and helps to effectively oxygenate the body of your fur baby. Exercising helps to strengthen and build the muscle of a dog’s bones. It helps to protect them against any injury and increases their lifespan. Exercise to a certain extent also helps to control weight. Dogs are efficient converters of energy. It means that reducing food quantities will be a much more significant factor in keeping your dog slim. How Much A Labrador Puppy Costs In India? How much exercise does a Labrador need? It depends on their age, overall health, and genetics. Labradors are considered a working breed. Those in line of duty need more exercise than the household ones. Labrador puppies exercise routine A Labrador puppy after it reaches the age of 3 months requires minimal exercise. They can tire easily from normal playing as well. So, do not over-exercise your puppy in the first 3 months. Too much playing and less rest can harm the development of their joints. So, monitor the duration. After 3 months, you can start with a planned exercise routine for 5 minutes. Continuing the 5-minute rule for at least 1 year of age will make the puppy accustomed to a healthy exercise routine. An elderly Labrador exercise routine The amount of exercise an elder Labrador needs highly depends on the dog’s overall health and can vary from one Labrador to another. Some labradors’ energy will slow down when they reach the age of 7 and others might remain active even at the age of 10. You have to keep an eye out for health issues like arthritis, dysplasia, etc. These health issues can prevent a Labrador from playing and exercise. You may have to find an alternative exercise routine based on their conditions to keep them fit at an older age. Don’t forget to consult your vet before implementing any exercise routine for your elderly Labrador. What You Need To Know Before Adopting A Labrador Signs Your Labrador Isn’t Getting Enough Exercise It is relatively easier to say when your Labrador is not getting enough exercise. You must know the signs that will easily allow you to adjust accordingly. • If your Labrador tears around your home like a tornado. If they dig, bark, and chew what seems like ‘all the time’. • If they do not listen to the commands they have been reliably trained to follow, it is sure that they might not be getting enough exercise. • If your Labrador puts on excess weight, and you are not over-feeding them that includes the treats and table scraps, possibly they are not getting enough exercise. However, if your dog can relax around the home, is not destructive, follows your commands, is in perfect shape, and is not overweight, it is safe to say they are being exercised enough. Facebook Comments Featured On • Deccan Chronicle • Asian Age • APN Live • Latestly • The Spuzz • SpotLatest • inc Delivered to your inbox every week! Please check your email for updates.
Summary of explaining events in the world • • People employ coexistence reasoning across cultures and throughout development to explain events in the world, such as the origins of species, misfortune, illness, and death. • • People often adopt integrated thinking when reasoning about accounts of the origins of species and illness. • • Integrated thinking is a type of coexistence reasoning where people construe the relationship between natural and supernatural accounts as compatible, and they integrate both into a single explanation. • • Evans-Pritchard and Legare and colleagues found that people in Africa endorsed supernatural causes to explain “why” misfortune occurred (the distal cause). In contrast, natural causes told “how” misfortune occurred (the proximate cause). Similar types of coexistence reasoning about illness are present in other parts of the world, such as Melanesia and the modern West. • • People often explain events in the world by endorsing ideas about moral justice. They are likely to reason concerning immanent justice, that good things happen to good people, and conversely, that bad things tend to happen to bad people. • • Cognitive biases and enculturation facilitate the widespread endorsement of immanent justice reasoning. Research case study: The coexistence of natural and supernatural explanations for illness Developmental psychologist Cristine Legare was intrigued by Evans-Pritch- ard’s early observations about how the Azande reason about the causes of events. Drawing from her background in cross-cultural and developmental psychology, Legare noted that access to natural as well as supernatural explanations is not confined to the Azande. Legare noted the distinct parallels between Evans-Pritchard’s observations of reasoning about misfortune in Zandleland and the presence of both biological and supernatural explanations for the transmission and cure of illnesses in parts of the world where serious diseases are prevalent. For example, in parts of South Africa, although people have access to information about the transmission of the AIDS virus, supernatural accounts of infection based on witchcraft are also disseminated. Legare wondered whether biological knowledge supplants supernatural explanations. In other words, one possibility is that people use supernatural explanations until they acquire an adequate understanding of biological reasons. Another option is that people use both supernatural and natural frameworks, but here, little was known about how people used these types of explanations. For instance, supernatural and natural frameworks may remain distinct and alternative views of the world that are recruited to explain specific types of events, or they may be used jointly to explain the same phenomenon. Based on Evans-Pritchard’s observations and the research on chronic illness, Legare expected the latter. Yet only a detailed and systematic series of studies, which compared different ways of coexistence thinking, would provide concrete evidence for this and information about how, precisely, they coexist at the same time. Legare and colleagues thus investigated how children and adults reasoned about the cause and spread of AIDS among two communities in South Africa, where discourse about AIDS is prevalent.113 The communities Legare worked with had both knowledge of biomedical explanations for AIDS (e.g. contaminated blood) and supernatural frameworks of understanding (e.g. bewitchment). Also, research with communities other than the Azande would speak to the question of whether, and to what extent, coexistence reasoning appears cross-culturally. Furthermore, by conducting studies with children and adults, Legare and her colleagues were able to understand the development of coexistence reasoning over time. In one series of studies, Legare and her team asked children and adults to reason about the likelihood of different types of explanations for the contraction of AIDS. They found that all participants gave biological explanations, and almost all (93 percent) gave at least one bewitchment explanation throughout the study. Based on these findings, they concluded that bewitchment explanations were more flexible and idiosyncratically employed than biological explanations. Importantly, they also found a difference between the type of cause that participants endorsed. Proximate explanations are like the “why.” In the case of the granary, this was the termites eating the wood, and in the case of cancer, this is the cell dividing at an alarming rate. They focus on the closest causal explanation to the event. By contrast, distal accounts concentrate more on the “how” questions; they focus on the most distant, or ultimate, causal explanation of the event. In other words, witchcraft caused the termites to eat the wood at that precise time, or that by getting cancer, God had a purpose for the individual. In Legare’s study, most participants identified a proximate natural cause for contracting AIDS, (e.g. having unprotected sex), and the distal cause was supernatural (e.g. reasoning that witches distorted your sense of sound judgment). Furthermore, participants often combined both types of statements in a precise fashion to explain contracting AIDS, referred to as integrated thinking. For example, participants provided reasons such as “a witch can make a condom weak and break,” “jealousy and spells, people sent someone with AIDS to sleep with him,” and “the people that hated her paid the witches to put the virus in her path.” Both children and adults reasoned about the causes of AIDS similarly, and adults were even more likely than children to cite supernatural causes. From her research, Legare argued that bewitchment explanations were neither the result of ignorance nor replaced by biological explanations. Instead, they coexist to explain particular aspects of illness. Furthermore, the combination of biological and natural reasoning about events are not naive ways of thinking that we grow out of, but rather, are robust default explanatory frameworks that are supported by enculturation. As she and others who have studied the development of causal reasoning have discovered both biological and supernatural explanations are found in many different cultures on diverse topics, including evolutionary and creationist accounts of the origin of species among Americans and Europeans. Discussion questions • 1 In your own words, summarize the claims Legare is making. • 2 What are the differences and similarities between Legare’s research and previous research (e.g. Evans-Pritchard’s research) on coexistence reasoning? • 3 What do you think demarks this research as typical of the CSR approach to religion? • 4 What are the implications of this research on the religion-as-irrational thesis proposed by new atheists (covered earlier in the chapter)? Further reading • 1 Legare, Cristine H., and Susan A. Gelman. “Bewitchment, biology, or both: The coexistence of natural and supernatural explanatory frameworks across development.” Cognitive Science 32, no. 4 (2008): 607-642. • 2 Watson-Jones, Rachel E., Justin T.A Busch, and Cristine H. Legare. “Interdisciplinary and cross-cultural perspectives on explanatory coexistence.” Topics in Cognitive Science 7, no. 4 (2015): 611-623. • 3 Busch, Justin ТА, Rachel E. Watson-Jones, and Cristine H. Legare. “The coexistence of natural and supernatural explanations within and across domains and development.” British Journal of Developmental Psychology 35, no. 1 (2017): 4-20. • 4 C.H. Legare and A. Shtulman (2017). “Explanatory pluralism across cultures and development.” In J. Proust and M. Fortier, eds. Metacognitive Diversity. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. < Prev CONTENTS Source Next >
You are here: Home / Conference Papers / The Effects Of Dog Ownership On Self-Efficacy Levels / About The Effects Of Dog Ownership On Self-Efficacy Levels By Juliana Oleksy View Link (HTM) Licensed under Category Conference Papers Multiple studies have been conducted and have concluded that dogs do have a positive impact on both physical and mental health. When it comes to mental health, researchers have found that dog-interaction has decreased stress levels. Stress levels have a negative relationship with self-efficacy levels (Khashbat, 2017). Research that has been conducted has shown both benefits, such as lower stress levels, and drawbacks, such as allergies, to incorporating dogs into places like colleges and the workplace. Can dog ownership create more productive and successful workers and students? The purpose of my research is to see if dog ownership has a positive relationship with self-efficacy and productivity levels. Self-efficacy and productivity are important because a student or employee who has high levels of these characteristics will generally stop at nothing to complete a task. The mediating factor between dog ownership and self-efficacy levels is stress levels. To test my hypothesis, I prepared an online survey that first asks for consent for both the survey and Cohen Stress Scale, and then questions for demographics, dog ownership questions, and self-reported self-efficacy ratings (GPA and determination-level). Then, participants had a choice of whether they would like to participate in an online Cohen Stress Scale, which they filled out and sent back through email. After data collection, I searched for relationship in dog owners’ stress levels and self-efficacy levels. Results showed that dog ownership and self-efficacy levels have a positive relationship, and in dog owners, there is a negative relationship between stress levels and levels of self-efficacy. Marcy Wilhelm-South Purdue University Date 2018 Pages 94 Conference Title Georgia Undergraduate Research Conference Language English Cite this work Researchers should cite this work as follows: 1. Animal roles 2. Dogs 3. Mammals 4. open access 5. Pet ownership 6. Pets and companion animals 7. productivity 8. Stress 1. open access
The Tongue from the Proverbs reading plan Proverbs 10:13-14, Proverbs 10:18-21, Proverbs 10:31-32, Proverbs 13:2-3, Proverbs 15:1-2 The book of Proverbs is a guide for pursuing godly wisdom in our daily lives. In this four-week study, we will read a selection of topical proverbs covering different aspects of wisdom, from how to interact with our friends, families, and neighbors, to fearing God and keeping His commands. No matter the subject, these proverbs urge us to wrestle with and reflect on our own response to them. To help you better engage with the proverbs in this reading plan, we have provided you with a short introduction and reflection questions for each day. Our words matter. James 3:9–10 says, “With the tongue we bless our Lord and Father, and with it we curse people who are made in God’s likeness. Blessing and cursing come out of the same mouth. My brothers and sisters, these things should not be this way.” It is likely that few of us spend much time considering how we use our words throughout the course of a day. Use this day to pay careful attention to your words, and see what wisdom these proverbs have for you. Reflection Questions: Why do our words carry so much weight? What is it about the way God made us that gives power to words? Proverbs 18:21 says our words can give life and take life. They can bring light or add darkness. How have you given light and life with your words? How have you spoken death and darkness? Why do you think “a gentle answer turns away anger” (Proverbs 15:1)? How can you provide gentle answers to people in your life? Plan to read John with us starting January 3. Post Comments (1) One thought on "The Tongue" 1. Ross says: It was all too real, the words we use lash out in anger to others hurt others. We have to keep our mind when we use our words, for a words do you have meaning. This is all too true, my words can blaze a trail from my bride or cut her legs off in the same breath. We had to say what we mean but not be mean . Leave a Reply
Earth and Space Pickering’s female stars Stories from Physics for 11-14 14-16 IOP RESOURCES The astronomer Edward C Pickering was director of the Harvard College Observatory for 43 years from 1877. He made significant contributions to astronomical photography and categorisation. However, what is most remarkable is that his team of researchers included an impressive array of women, exceptional for that time. However, whilst Pickering was progressive in encouraging women to contribute to research, the female members of his team were typically paid half the salary of their male colleagues. Fleming’s fantastic findings One of the most well-known images of a nebula - the horsehead nebula - was captured on a photographic plate in 1888 by Williamina Fleming at Harvard Observatory. Fleming’s story is remarkable: after immigrating to the United States from Scotland, she became pregnant only to be deserted by her husband. She came to work for Pickering, at first as a maid. One day, Pickering became so annoyed with the slow progress achieved by his male assistants that he stormed out of the building in a huff claiming that his Scottish maid could do a better job. This story may have been embellished in the retelling but, nevertheless, Fleming began to work with Pickering and went on to publish papers in prestigious astrophysical journals. She became an honorary member of the Royal Society which did not allow women as regular members at the time. Among Fleming’s many achievements are the discovery of ten novae, over 300 variable stars and the first recorded spectrum of a meteor. Jump Cannon’s classification One of the earliest systems of star categorisation, the Harvard system, was developed by Pickering and his team in 1890. One member of the group, Annie Jump Cannon, was a remarkable astrophysicist. As a child, she would conduct observations with her mother from an impromptu observatory built in the attic of the family home. During her youth, perhaps due to a bout of scarlet fever, Jump Cannon suffered severe hearing loss. Encouraged by her parents to study physics at Wellesley College, Jump Cannon did not pursue her interest in astronomy for ten years after her graduation. Biographers have suggested that the death of her mother acted as the spur to restart her scientific career and she found a post at the Harvard College Observatory. Whilst working for Pickering, she developed an extraordinary ability to classify stars, being able to categorise the spectra of three stars per minute. She increased the star card catalogue from 14,000 entries to some 250,000. Jump Cannon developed Pickering’s classification system into one that ranked stars by their temperature into groups labelled O, B, A, F, G, K and M. A story was told at the observatory that Jump Cannon could remember every serial number of every photographic plate she had analysed – if true, a remarkable feat given she classified over a quarter of a million plates. Pickering described her contribution to astronomy as “a structure that probably will never be duplicated in kind or extent by a single individual”. Her peer, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (see page 13), described Jump Cannon as the happiest person she had known. Though Jump Cannon had no children herself, she would hold parties for young people at her home in the Observatory estate, Star Cottage. Leavitt’s pulsing stars Henrietta Swan Leavitt worked for Pickering and, like Jump Cannon, had a hearing impairment. At this time, women were typically not allowed to operate telescopes so she worked cataloguing and comparing photographic plates of stars. PayneGaposchkin argued that not allowing Leavitt to use telescopes “was a harsh decision, which condemned a brilliant scientist to uncongenial work, and probably set back the study of variable stars for several decades”. Leavitt made an important discovery about the relationship between the period of pulsation and luminosity of Cepheid variable stars, providing a ‘standard candle’ for astronomers to use to measure distances. In addition, she discovered some 2,400 variable stars, around half the catalogue of such objects known in 1930. Leavitt died before the significance of the periodluminosity relationship she discovered was fully appreciated but Hubble claimed her research should have won the Nobel Prize. We've won an award! Teach Secondary Awards We have been awarded 5 stars for our CPD programme. Learn more
Traffic optimization and control As a driver it helps to know in advance where the areas of congestion are, the amount of parking spaces in metropolitan car lots as well as knowing areas where speed limits have been reduced. Traffic optimization is the science, or at least skill, of reducing the time spent at traffic lights. How cities prioritize funds: Sometimes cars have to cope with roads which haven’t been repaired for some time and are full of potholes. It is a challenge to cope on these roads at the best of times, hence why road surface is dealt with first before items such as congestion. If there is too much traffic in one place (not just clogged up vehicles but also too many cars at a certain time of day) will increase exhaust emissions in that area. You can decrease this by having other ways for the public to reach an area, creating different hubs in a town (essentially removing the high street as the go-to zone, which may not be possible either in a huge metropolis) or having rush hours at different times. The lights need to be synchronised and need to allow for emergency vehicles to pass through easily. Traffic Calming? The contrasting term for all this is “traffic calming” which stops speeding and encourages more responsible driving. As well as reducing air pollution and the increased traffic noise is addressed. Noisy, polluted streets are not the best to live on; according to Donald Appleyard’s Liveable Streets study a resident on a non-polluted, non-noisy street would have three times as many friends/acquaintances on average compared to those who do not. The study compared three streets in San Francisco, each with a different total of cars per day. Reducing “cognitive load” Speed Bump Cognitive load is just fancy was to say making driving more difficult – it pushes traffic off crowded direct routes onto otherwise long ways around. Sometimes the goal is to make it easier to avoid a town entirely. Speed Table There’re speed bumps, speed tables (basically a longer hump) and speed dip. As with natural dips the sudden drop means traffic slows up as it approaches the obstacle. There’s also chicanes which is a curve in a road. Other techniques are narrowing roads and removing lanes-”road diets”. Converting one-way streets to two ways requires more careful driving. Unfortunately, this process does produce more accidents in the first couple of weeks or so. So basically, government prioritizes road maintenance (fixes potholes) so traffic can flow without building up exhaust, then puts speed bumps (reverse potholes) on the roads to encourage alternate routes. How does changing the operating hours change the traffic? A study published in March 2020 used a fairly medium-ish city in China (Ningbo) which has a similar grid shape to Manhattan. The study worked off an extremely urban area of the city with financial buildings and high-class restaurants. Working off mathematical principles each section of business traffic was measured – 40% of it being from retail and shops. In altering the time traffic moved through the city there was a definite reduction of traffic. As it was only published last year there hasn’t been enough time to establish how practical removing the 9 to 5 is. Only that it creates better streets to dwell on, which at least makes it more desirable for locals. Leave a Reply
57 Table 8. Example of work plan by discipline for the watercourse improvement plan. Duration Activity Economist and Sociologist/Anthropologist 4 months 1. In cooperation with the agronomist conduct benchmark surveys of watercourses. Obtain data on cropping patterns for the past years, labor budgets, water budgets, oxen, tractors, dairy animals, land tenure, and application efficiencies for irrigation. Use data to construct crop budgets to incorporate into a linear program. Generate shadow prices for water at different points on the watercourse for different sized farms and different seasons. Determine present means for facilitating maintenance of watercourses. 6 months 2. Determine the history of cooperation in watercourse maintenance. In particular, what laws and regulations govern maintenance, in fact and principle? What has been the enforcement mechanism and how has it worked historically? Are there regional differences? What legal and administrative arrangements have been used to good effect in other countries? The legal questions are most efficiently answered by a legal expert, therefore arrange to hire a consultant within three months for a period of two months. Meanwhile, search the literature and survey regional irrigation departments to assess their perceived roles and their perception of farmer performance. Farmers in the region of the study will be consulted to determine their understanding of the laws. 1 year 3. Determine what factors seem to explain the quality of maintenance of watereburses. Factors to consider include: water supply, shadow price of water, potential productivity of soil, social structure, social cohesiveness, and relationship of leaders with irrigation department officials. From this conclude which cooperating farmer groups are most and least likely to continue a watercourse maintenance program once it is initiated.
Example 3: Loopy Probabilistic Program Example 3: Loopy Probabilistic Program Example 3: Loopy Probabilistic Program "We note that the statement observe(x) is very related to the statement assume(x) used in program verification literature [2, 15, 42]. Also, we note that observe(x) is equivalent to the while-loop while(!x) skip since the semantics of probabilistic programs is concerned about the normalized distribution of outputs over terminating runs of the program, and ignores non-terminating runs. However, we use the terminology observe(x) because of its common use in probabilistic programming systems [5, 22]." (Gordon et al., 2014) Loopy PROB-Code for E(Count \| C1=1 v C2=1) = 4/3 "The program ... Example 3, is equivalent to the program in Example 2, in which the observe statement has been equivalently encoded using a while loop. The observe statement in line 9 of Example 2 admits only executions that satisfy the condition (c1\|\|c2). The while loop in lines 9-17 has equivalent functionality to the observe statement. If (c1\|\|c2) holds, then the loop exits. If not, it merely re-samples c1 and c2, re-calculates count and checks the condition (c1\|\|c2) again. In general, observe statements can be encoded using loops. However, the converse is difficult to do without computing loop invariants." (Gordon et al., 2014) Recursive CHURCH-Code for P(Count \| C1=1 v C2=1) and E(Count \| C1=1 v C2=1) = 4/3 The PROB-code snippet from Gordon et al. is translated by us to a functional CHURCH program to clarify its semantics. The generative model is contained in the CHURCH function "take-a-sample". The number of samples taken was set to 10000 in this run. This number can be increased to get a better precision of estimates. The sampling method used is the simple-to-understand 'rejection sampling'. The screen-shot presented was generated by using the PlaySpace environment of WebCHURCH. (Changed: 2021-07-20)
chapter 19 Order a Similar Paper Order a Different Paper 1) What were the factors behind the revolutions of the 18th century? 2) Why did the American colonies rebel against the British and how did they separate themselves ideologically? 3) How did the events of 1789 result in a constitutional monarchy? 4) What caused the Second Revolution and how did France get rid of their King and Queen? 5) How did a slave revolt on Colonial Saint-Domingue lead to the independent nation of Haiti? 6) What did the revolutions of America, France, and Haiti have in common? How are they connected? Order a Similar Paper Order a Different Paper
< Academy Why are UV lasers used: applications, characteristics and types Why are UV lasers used: applications, characteristics and types An important type of laser source used in many areas and on various materials is the Ultraviolet (UV) Laser. The key feature of these lasers is the reduced wavelength which is between 150 and 400 nm. This characteristic makes the radiation extremely energetic and therefore allows it to interact with the chemical-physical characteristics of the materials. What are the applications of UV lasers? When we talk about ultraviolet light we refer to a light with a wavelength shorter than that visible to humans, since violet is the last color on the scale perceived by the human eye. UV lasers are suitable for precision applications and machining such as: • Engraving of stamping or micro-erosion tools; • Marking of glass and synthetic materials for which the surface is not modified in structure or chemical composition; • Creation of small holes in the diesel injectors; • Cleaning old paintings without affecting the original paint layers. • Processing of overhead cables and transparent or colored pipes used in various industrial sectors; • Precision micromachining of different materials; • Marking of plastics for invasive medical applications and for electronic housings; In surface structuring, these lasers bridge the gap between lithographic techniques used in the manufacture of integrated circuits and mechanical micro-EDM machining. The wide range of applications of UV laser marking also includes ultrafine processing such as: • Electronics and semiconductors, • Plastic processing, • Precision 3D excavation on metals, • Processing on medical devices, • Sensors, etc. Metal milling with UV laser What makes Ultraviolet Lasers so suitable for these processes? The short wavelength of ultraviolet lasers allows them to operate on tiny areas and focused spots. The short pulse widths and high energy intensities result in a small removal of material for each pulse, thus enabling the production of well-defined microstructures. The intensity of the beam is so high that the material is removed in the vapor phase in a process called ablation, the final result of which is a clean surface. UV laser marking is also known as cold marking because ultraviolet light breaks the bonds between the atoms and molecules of the material, preventing it from overheating, creating a thermal effect zone (HAZ) with side effects to the precision of the processing. . The process that is generated is defined as photolytic degradation and requires minimal power to obtain clear and visible marks, since the material absorbs the light radiated by the laser to the maximum. Discover Machines and Plants for -> Laser Marking Infrared to ultraviolet light spectrum What are the types of UV lasers? There are three main types of UV lasers. Diode pumped solid state laser The first is a diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSS) Nd: YAG Q-Switch, in which duplication crystals are used to change the infrared wavelength of 1064 nm and switch it to the wavelength of the ultraviolet of 355 nm. The shape of the ray is Gaussian, so the spot will be round and with the intensity of energy gradually decreasing from the center towards the edge. The beam can be focused on spots of the order of 10 µm. In principle, like all solid-state lasers, these ultraviolet lasers are sensitive to temperature changes. The high repetition speed of the operation and the very small area on which they operate make these lasers the most suitable for micromachining. Excimer laser The second type of UV laser is a gas laser, the excimer laser. The wavelength of this laser depends on the type of gas mixture used and ranges from 180nm to over 300nm. The generated ray is not round, but has a rectangular shape with a more or less constant intensity distribution. Masks can be used to generate specific spot geometries. Metallic vapor laser The third type of UV laser is the metal vapor laser. The copper vapor laser is the most frequently used although vapors of many other metals can also be used. Copper vapor lasers generate radiation at a wavelength of 511 nm and 578 nm. The shape of the beam is Gaussian, which makes the laser suitable for the same range of applications as the solid-state ultraviolet laser. Further developments of UV laser marking UV lasers are therefore suitable for micro-scale applications with high quality results. This has opened up a wide range of applications for which only “Ultra Fast” (USP) lasers exist as an alternative technology, but with much higher costs. The slow processing speed compared to visible and infrared laser radiation will prompt laser manufacturers to develop lasers with higher average powers and this will help reduce the cost of the technology. With the continuous development of the laser application sector, innovation is accelerating and given the need for modern industry to perform extremely fine, fast and complex processing, an expansion of the use of this type of source is expected. Other articles on Laser Marking -> Laser Marking of Plates and Labels for codes, texts and logos < Back
Use "sole" in a sentence Sole in a sentence \| sole example sentences 1. He was the sole M. 2. The sole re sult …. 3. Chelsea is the sole heir. 4. It could do so as a sole. 5. That was her sole epitaph!. 6. I am telling you this sole. 7. Scratch the sole of my foot. 8. It was for this sole reason. 9. This sole action forces all. 10. If the deceased is the sole. 11. His job is his sole salvation. 12. Fish was almost their sole diet. 13. They were created for the sole. 14. It is my sole purpose for being. 15. He started a fund for the sole. 16. That would be its sole purpose. 17. The sole piece of her first life. 18. Therefore, my sole opinion would. 19. Park remained the sole owner of 8. 20. This, of course, is the sole worry. 21. It is the sole refuge of humanity. 22. I’m afraid I am the sole survivor. 23. Mina if she survive is my sole heir. 24. I feel it under the sole of my foot. 25. Husain painting was the sole witness. 26. Rule # 3: Never use food as his sole. 27. Q: Why should it be my sole concern? 28. The sole pleasures of enjoyment were. 29. All understand that God is sole judge. 30. This is your one and sole purpose! To. 31. Furthermore, money is the sole reason. 32. The Messenger's sole duty is to convey. 33. His sole task now was to carry on and. 34. Their sole purpose in life is to kill. 35. His sole preoccupation with the trivial. 36. Dear child! Take sole refuge in Pranayama. 37. Also sole agents for the AMERICAN BURNER. 38. His belt buckle, too, and this shoe sole. 39. The sole surviving member of the Testary. 40. And Elizabeth, you’re sole beneficiary. 41. This became the sole focus of Thomas life. 42. The sole decoration of the four rooms on. 43. Horseshoe Bay couldn't be the sole reason. 44. Now England was sole mistress of the ocean. 45. Thou wilt be left of her the sole protector. 46. So that meant she was the sole breadwinner. 47. Erskine assigned as the sole ground, 210;. 48. Nor was his the sole corpse in the vicinity. 49. England now sole mistress of the ocean, 99;. 50. Patriotism is the sole province of countries. 51. It had been ripped apart, its sole dangling. 52. Accounts in the name of a sole proprietary. 53. If you could set up a product with the sole. 54. And furthermore I assign sole guardianship to. 55. As mentioned above, the sole purpose of your. 56. I realized we were not the sole visitors here. 57. He prodded the sand with the sole of his foot. 58. Disadvantages of Sole Emphasis on Earning Power. 59. Thou, whose sole beverage was the bitter brine. 60. And that is probably the sole reason the horse. 61. Animal shelters are not the sole, appropriate. 62. On each sole were two pieces of metal, one at. 63. Finding Harry Travis was now her sole objective. 64. This time they were not the sole source of light. 65. The sole object of the bill was to get them away. 66. Poor things! it was the sole consolation they had. 67. He is the sole maker of the heavens and the earth. 68. The room’s sole occupant stood when she entered. 69. Foot breadth: The sole of a man's foot can measure. 70. His immediate and sole purpose then was to escape. 71. When she died, her son’s sole emotion was relief. 72. Why, suffering is the sole origin of consciousness. 73. Warning against Sole Reliance upon Earnings Exhibit. 74. This was the sole luxury which the Bishop permitted. 75. Hayley took a foot and rubbed her thumb into his sole. 76. Victory should be aimed for, but not the sole purpose. 77. They who say that God is the sole doer are ignorant. 78. Your aim in life shouldn’t be money as your sole aim. 79. The sole use of money is to circulate consumable goods. 80. With a little kick off my left shoe sole, I send that. 81. I see Minto’s soul now reconciled with the sole soul. 82. The short sole of a spokeshave is mounted between tow. 83. His sole aim, he says, is rebuilding his base in Delhi. 84. Smoking is not necessarily the sole cause of lung cancer. 85. He had managed to chase away his sole hope for survival. 86. The sole intention of including this chapter, which is. 87. Our sole purpose is to find the device and deactivate it. 88. CRITTENTON, 115 Fulton street, New York, sole proprietor. 89. Sole Manufacturers of BLACKMEN’S PATENT REFLECTOR BASES. 90. Next to Eve, Pilate saw Adam, the sole proprietor of the. 91. With the sole exception of the first, which in rare and. 92. His sole presence bothered me as much his smug smile did. 93. Nothing on your site is the sole indicator of its quality. 94. I have come with that sole purpose in view—nothing more. 95. Initially, my mother was supposed to have sole custody of. 96. Now that is hardly the sole option of ways to create your. 97. Its sole function is to funnel wealth (ownership) up the. 98. And as it was obvious that the crew’s sole focus was on. 99. The sole means of uniting men is their union in the truth. 100. The price level itself is not the sole determining factor. Unfortunately we have no example sentences for this word yet. 1. We heard the doors open and hard soled shoes clattering on the pavement. 2. I bought a pair of rope soled shoes, neat trousers and a white shirt, then attempted to hitch to Madrid. 3. On the table stood a dirt plate, left there from somebody’s dinner, a soled table-napkin and a knife, fork and spoon that had just been used. 4. He realises as he listens to the dull rubber soled thud of his feet on the road, as he moves in time with the beat of the bass line, that the monsters have never been that far away. 5. Before departing he requested that it should be told to his dear son Patsy that the other boot which he had been looking for was at present under the commode in the return room and that the pair should be sent to Cullen's to be soled only as the heels were still good. 6. His bare soled feet tread lightly, sprites on hot gravel,. 1. Nor the soles of her shoe? 2. The soles were made of wood. 3. They stung the soles of my. 4. From the crown of my head to the soles. 5. I have holes in the soles of my shoes. 6. Except now they had cushioned smart soles!. 7. She’d laughed with joy as her soles burned. 8. He kicks the soles of my sandals again, harder. 9. I did so, relief flooding the soles of my feet. 10. Sit with the soles of your feet touching each other. 11. She twists paper into the floor with her boot soles. 12. No thicker than the soles he’s now burning through. 13. To site the same example again, the soles of your 68. 14. On to the balls of his feet, his toes, his soles …. 15. They all grabbed a pair of soles, eyeing them curiously. 16. The soles of his shoes sank into a thick, black carpet. 17. I feel it also---just barely---in the soles of my feet. 18. The man strode purposefully towards him, the soles of. 19. The soles of his feet stung when they met the chill of. 20. Doc held the baby up and rubbed the soles of it’s feet. 21. These poor soles, if they reassess the situation and get. 22. The soles of my shoes mark each rock with a wet footprint. 23. But gone where? As I look at my feet, I see the soles are. 24. He had soles as tough as car tyres so didn't need footwear. 25. He felt the power surge through the soles of his bare feet. 26. Either that, or you have the soles of a gorilla, I said. 27. The heat penetrating through the soles of my feet is unbearable. 28. The pants ended in bulky footwear adorned with heavy lead soles. 29. Rob followed, all but scuffling his soles like a truant schoolboy. 30. Nor did my bones push out through the skin of the soles of my feet. 31. Move back into sitting position with the soles of your feet touching. 32. Walking on hot ashes would have been burned the soles of their feet. 33. Mars had prospered and the population had grown to over 125,000 soles. 34. One might make use of their jargon to put new soles on their old shoes. 35. The shoes had seen a lot of use, but they had new soles and fitted well. 36. More than that, I could feel them tugging through the soles of my shoes. 37. Come again?? Nick said, surprised to the soles of his size 10 shoes. 38. Emma kept beating the soles of her boots against the pavement of the yard. 39. I could smell the humidity and feel the slime under the soles of my shoes. 40. The soles of her slippers were the floor but did little to keep them warm. 41. The soles which you are at this moment presenting to me are slightly scorched. 42. Hardin, Bruce, his Walkman, and me, and the background vocalists Steven Soles, J. 43. Her tiny feet wore matching sandals of white silk ribbon over white leather soles. 44. On impulse she dropped one of the soles on the floor and removed one of her shoes. 45. Boots were no protection; the ground scorched the feet even through leather soles. 46. Padding softly on calloused soles they climbed a flight of stairs to a second level. 47. There were fresh footprints in the dirt, flat soles as opposed to boots or sneakers. 48. I can’t see daylight because the soles of shoes cover every inch of glass above us. 49. He stamped his frozen shoes on the carpet, the flakes falling off his soles and heels. 50. Her feet were clad in shoes then in vogue, with thick, projecting soles and stubby ends. 51. Secondary syphilis is associated with nickel and dime lesions on palms and soles. 52. Then there are feet, hard soles on a hard floor, and the answering eye of a light inside. 54. Wear shoes when foraging in the water—you need soles if you are improvising foot coverings. 55. Mary caught the trooper shifting uncomfortably, as if he had worms upon the soles of his feet. 56. His shoes were on the floor; the soles had holes in them, as did the socks covering his feet. 58. It has large hooves and their tough soles make them ideal for clambering over rocky surfaces. 59. The heat of the sun-baked ground burned through the soles of my shoes as they pounded the dirt. 60. The super power of world was being stepped down by the under soles of shoes of Super Mujahids. 62. My feet took their time when I walked and their soles had grown tougher and tolerant of hot sand. 63. Furious yells, hard soles against cobblestones, doors that were opened and then slammed hard again. 64. There were two broken ribs and deep cigarette burns on her posterior and on the soles of her feet. 65. The spirits told me to do this, she said as she pressed her thumbs into the soles of my feet. 66. The casket was borne into the church to the sound of our leather soles slapping on the stone floor. 67. Among these were what were known as "Shackleton boots," large canvas boots with thick leather soles. 69. The audience clapped and yelled and banged the soles of their shoes on the polished timber floorboards. 70. We're walking over firm ground in the forest, and the pine needles are soft under the soles of our boots. 72. Then, however, dry leaves crunched under his soles as he moved, indicating the existence of legs and feet. 73. And the wicked shall be ashes under the soles of your feet in the day that I do this, saith the Lord’ (Mal. 74. The soles of her feet were calloused and rough now, one of the reasons she left her shoes with the Gypsy King. 75. The well-worn steps gave way to the soles of his shoes and launched him in to the building, he smiled like 100. 77. They continued to walk on, the sand’s heat burning through the leather of his shoes into the soles of his feet. 78. In my cheap scuff sandals with car-tyre soles he reckoned I looked like a poor Arab, which pleased me enormously. 80. Correct Answer: Choice E (Secondary syphilis is associated with nickel and dime lesions on palms and soles). 82. The shiver that went through Donald's body echoed off his soles of his feet and rebounded back to his hair follicles. 83. It stung when the old dressings were removed and I could feel that I had been burned on my palms and soles of my feet. 84. Choice E (Secondary syphilis is associated with nickel and dime lesions on palms and soles) is the correct answer. 85. I wanted a new pair of winter boots, which I found almost right away, nice leather riding-style boots with rubber soles. 86. The gentleman ordered boots with long boot-legs, and he has made soft shoes, without soles, and has spoiled the material. 87. He smashed her cheekbone, broke her nose and three ribs, and burned her buttocks and the soles of her feet with cigarettes. 88. The leading row of criminals leapt into the ditch and the steel caltrops punched through the soles of their shoes and boots. 89. She damped the cloth and then gently wiped James’ aching soles, which gave him a bit of relief, for which he was thankful. 90. He needs to be able to feel the narrow steel line through the soles of his feet and to feel the tension and the tautness of it. 91. The soles were fiveeighths of an inch thick, covered with hobnails, and were as hard and inflexible and almost as heavy as iron. 92. It entered the body through the soles of the feet, as the kids walked around barefoot, more than likely stepping into dog feces. 93. Then he was secured again, lifted so his boot soles swung futilely above the tile floor, and carried out of the hall still raving. 94. The grains were baking underfoot, Nord could feel the stuff through the soles of his boots, sun- warmed and hot enough to cook on. 95. The rumble became a roar, vibrating through the soles of his shoes, while vigorous tendrils of anxiety coiled around his intestines. 96. Look out, your soles will fly off! shouted the red-haired man, noticing that the sole of the dancer’s boot was hanging loose. 99. Their blue soles were malleable as dough and so thin that when I walked I could feel the contours of pebbles and sticks beneath my feet. 100. Hal’s feet, which were still bare except for the curious stick-on soles, felt a comfortable tingling, tickling sensation as he walked. Share this with your friends Synonyms for sole
Python Interactive Shell In this section of the Python tutorial, we will discuss about Python interactive shell which is a built-in tool provided by the Python. This is a console (CLI) based Python tool which allows us to interact with Python interpreter. This console is known as terminal in Linux and Mac, command prompt in Windows. We can write code here and test its output instantly without giving further run commands. It works as an interpreter which read and executes code line by line and produce output instantly. This is a quickest way to test our program logic or an expression without saving code into a file and storing into memory. It executes each instruction efficiently. We can write any valid python statement to get its output instantly. Lets move on to practical side and start our Python shell to program over there. Before starting, first check the Python is installed in the computer by using the below command in the console. Since we are using Python3.8, so the command would be like below. $ python Python 3.6.8 (default, Dec 2 2019, 12:59:55) [GCC 8.3.0] on linux If the Python is installed, it shows the available python version. Otherwise we can install it from the official site of Python Click to Download. For installation process of different Operating Systems, See the detailed description. The primary prompt command for Python is three greater-than signs (>>>) which denote that present console is Python shell. We can simply declare variable, print its value and type by simple statements. See the below example. >>> a = 10 >>>a = "hello python" ‘hello python’ < class’str’> We created a variable a with integer value then reassign it by string value and get its datatype as well. Here, we used Python’s built-in method type() which returns type of assigned variable. We will discuss it further in our tutorial. Control Flow(if-else,loop) Lets move on to the next and see how control flow can be created at terminal. >>> a = 10 >>> b = 20 >>> if a < b: ... print(b,"is greater") ... else: ... print(a, "is greater") 20 is greater To test the conditional code, you can use if-else blocks too in the shell terminal and get instant output. We can also use loops to iterate elements of a sequence. Lets see how? >>> for element in range(1,5): ... print(element) Creating function in shell console is very easy and same as to writing code into file. It helps developers to test function instantly and later on copy it into the file to create application. >>> def add(a,b): ... return a+b >>> add(10,20) Python Shell as a Calculator Python shell console also works as a calculator i.e. we can apply operators directly into the values rather than variables and get instant output. Although we can use variables too but if we know values, can apply operators directly on them. >>> 10+2 # Adding values >>> 10-2 # Subtracting value >>> 102 # Multiply values >>> 10/2 # Dividing >>> 10*2 # Getting square Import Modules We can import any module of Python and use its functions easily. Here, we are importing math module and using its functions. >>> import math >>> math.sqrt(100) >>> math.sqrt(9) >>> math.floor(5.55) >>> math.log10(10) Useful Resources:
Is 250 a prime number? What are the divisors of 250? Parity of 250 250 is an even number, because it is evenly divisible by 2: 250 / 2 = 125. Find out more: Is 250 a perfect square number? Thus, the square root of 250 is not an integer, and therefore 250 is not a square number. What is the square number of 250? The square of a number (here 250) is the result of the product of this number (250) by itself (i.e., 250 × 250); the square of 250 is sometimes called "raising 250 to the power 2", or "250 squared". The square of 250 is 62 500 because 250 × 250 = 2502 = 62 500. As a consequence, 250 is the square root of 62 500. Number of digits of 250 250 is a number with 3 digits. What are the multiples of 250? The multiples of 250 are all integers evenly divisible by 250, that is all numbers such that the remainder of the division by 250 is zero. There are infinitely many multiples of 250. The smallest multiples of 250 are: How to determine whether an integer is a prime number? To determine the primality of a number, several algorithms can be used. The most naive technique is to test all divisors strictly smaller to the number of which we want to determine the primality (here 250). First, we can eliminate all even numbers greater than 2 (and hence 4, 6, 8…). Then, we can stop this check when we reach the square root of the number of which we want to determine the primality (here the square root is about 15.811). Historically, the sieve of Eratosthenes (dating from the Greek mathematics) implements this technique in a relatively efficient manner. Numbers near 250 • Preceding numbers: …248, 249 • Following numbers: 251, 252 Nearest numbers from 250 • Preceding prime number: 241 • Following prime number: 251 Find out whether some integer is a prime number
Lumbar vs. Cervical Stenosis • Lumbar Spinal Stenosis In lumbar stenosis, the spinal nerve roots in the lower back become compressed and this can produce symptoms of sciatica—tingling, weakness or numbness that radiates from the low back and into the buttocks and legs—especially with activity.Lumbar spinal stenosis often mimics symptoms of vascular insufficiency. Both conditions can cause claudication, which means leg pain with walking. If vascular studies identify normal blood flow, and there is confirmation of spinal stenosis on diagnostic testing, the symptoms are then called neurogenic claudication. In the classic description, people with spinal stenosis will describe an onset of leg pain, or weakness with walking, but with relief of symptoms with sitting. Many will also describe increased tolerance to walking when flexed forward, such as when walking while leaning forward on a shopping cart. While lumbar spinal stenosis most often occurs at the L4-L5 and L3-L4 levels, it can occur any level in the spine. The degenerative cascade may eventually effect most of the vertebral segments of the lumbar spine. • Cervical Stenosis Spinal stenosis pain in the neck is called cervical spinal stenosis. This condition means that there is potential compression of the spinal cord. Unfortunately, the spinal cord compression can lead to serious problems such as extreme weakness, or even paralysis. With cervical stenosis, anyone who develops signs of spinal cord compression (myelopathy) may need more invasive treatment, such as surgery. Thoracic stenosis can also occur, but is less common. The thoracic part of the spine is the middle/upper portion of the spine, and mainly consists of the vertebrae that are attached to the rib cage. This stable and strong part of the spine allows for minimal movement, which is why degenerative conditions such as spinal stenosis are less likely to develop.
How to prove the evolution of animals? The evolution of living organisms is a proven fact that has been confirmed by hundreds of studies. We can independently verify the evolution of animal organisms, since there are a large number of rudiments. These are organs and body parts that our ancestors had, but modern species do not need them. On the example of a person, we can see the ear muscles, tailbone, third eyelid, palmar muscle and much more. Also, it confirms the evolution and appearance of the embryo of any animal. Exploring it, you can see the stages of the evolutionary process.
What is Inclusive Reckoning? The common mode of counting employed in the Bible is shown to have been inclusive reckoning, that is, counting both the first and the last unit of time in calculating an interval. This method was also used generally by other ancient nations, as is shown unmistakably by source documents. An Egyptian inscription recording the death of a priestess on the 4th day of the 12th month relates that her successor arrived on the 15th, “when 12 days had elapsed.” Today, we would say that when 12 days had elapsed after the 4th, the date would be the 16th. The Greeks followed the same inclusive method. They called the Olympiad, or the four-year period between the Olympic Games, a pentaeteris (five-year period), and used other similar numerical terms. The Romans also, in common usage, reckoned inclusively; they had nundinae (from nonus, ninth), or market days, every ninth day, inclusive, actually every eight days, as indicated on ancient calendars by the letters, A through H. Of course mathematicians and astronomers were aware that the reckoning was mathematically inexact, but it persisted in common parlance, as it has even down to the present day in the Orient. Modern vestiges in the West are the phrase “eight days,” meaning a week in some European languages; the Catholic term “octave” of a festival, meaning the day coming one week after the holy day; the musical intervals, such as octave, third, fifth, etc.; and even the medical term “tertian fever,” meaning a fever recurring every other day. The clearest Biblical demonstration of inclusive counting is in the New Testament (see Acts 10:30 where a period of 72 hours is reckoned as “four days ago,” not “three”), but an Old Testament example is in 2 Kings 18:9-10. The siege of Samaria lasted from the fourth to the sixth year of Hezekiah, which is equated with the seventh to the ninth year of Hoshea, and yet the city is said to have been taken “at the end of three years.” In modern usage we would say two years, by straight subtraction. Obviously the Bible writer reckoned inclusively (years four, five, and six totaling three years). A Hebrew boy was circumcised when “eight days old” (Genesis 17:12), that is, “in the eighth day” (Levites 12:3). Similarly Luke speaks of circumcision “on the eighth day” or “when eight days were accomplished” (Luke 1:59; 2:21). Evidently “when eight days were accomplished” (or “at the end of eight days,” RSV) does not mean eight full days from the date of birth, but eight inclusive. All this serves to explain the supposed difficulty in the three days between the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus. The texts are as follows: Book In three days After three days The third day Matthew 26:61; 27:40 27:63 (12:40 & 3 nights) 16:21; 17:23; 20:19; 27:64 Mark 14:58 (within) 8:31 9:31; 10:34 John 2:19-21 It is obvious from these texts that “in three days,” “after three days,” and even “three days and three nights” are all equivalent to “on the third day.” One writer (Matthew) uses all three phrases for the same period. The interval from Friday afternoon to Sunday morning is three days, by inclusive reckoning. Since it is clear that this mode of counting was the common practice in Bible times, and widespread in many countries, it is useless to try to understand this period as three full 24-hour days, according to the modern Western habit of counting. To do so violates both historical usage and Biblical statement, and creates a difficulty that would not exist if the ordinary usage of common speech and of examples in the Bible be taken into account. The only way to harmonize Matthew 12:40 with other scripture as seen in the above table is to understand it in the light of inclusive reckoning of time. Inclusive reckoning was taken for granted by all the writers of the Scriptures and they wrote in harmony with the common literacy used those days, and that usage recognized inclusive reckoning of time. This means that any part of a day was counted as a whole day. The Jewish Encyclopaedia states. “A short time in the morning of the seventh day is counted as the seventh day; circumcision takes place on the eighth day, even though, of the first day only a few minutes after the birth of the child, these being counted as one day.” Vol. 4, p. 475. Scores of contradictions would appear in both Old and New Testament if this principle were ignored. We must compare Scripture with Scripture and use the idiom of the language in which the Bible was written and not our own thoughts and ideas. Three Days and Three Nights - Page 5.
Psenes cyanophrys Valenciennes, 1833 An open ocean fish sometimes seen near shore sheltering around buoys, under floating vegetation or other floating objects, and often accompanying large jellyfish. Such sightings are generally of juveniles. The young fish in photo 1 was photographed by Jerry Kane several miles offshore. The smaller juveniles in photos 2-3 were closer to land (photos by Wendy Noritake and Graham Burdekin). Freckled Driftfish grow to about 8 inches and are found worldwide in tropical and warm temperate seas. Text and photos copyright by John P. Hoover
introduction \| interaction \| information ifeminists.com > introduction > editorials Achieving Feminist Class Consciousness October 13, 2004 by Carey Roberts Sometime visit the Women and Marxism website. There you can read exactly what V.I. Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and Mao Tse-Tung had to say about women's liberation. Vladimir Lenin was the mastermind behind the early Soviet propaganda campaign. In his book The Birth of the Propaganda State, Peter Kenez concludes the Soviet state achieved its early successes because of the "ability of the political system to isolate the Russian people from information and ideas that would have undermined the message." Lenin also pushed the class consciousness theme in his speeches to women, but with a new twist. On the occasion of the 1921 International Working Women's Day, Lenin proclaimed that women were doubly oppressed -- both because they were victims of capitalism, and because they were slaves "overburdened with the drudgery of the most squalid, backbreaking and stultifying toil in the kitchen and the family household." "Drudgery of the most squalid, backbreaking, and stultifying toil"? An apt description of life in the Gulag, perhaps, but not of housework in the relative comfort of the home. But lack of historical accuracy did not deter the early feminists. Pick up a copy of Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex or Kate Millett's Sexual Politics. You will read exactly the same arguments: Men are the unending oppressors of women and marriage is a legalized form of slavery. To achieve their vision of women's liberation, the Matrons of Mischief pursued the age-old strategy of divide and conquer. First, the Sisterhood canonized the strong, self-assured, independent woman. This ideal became government policy when the Clinton administration launched its "Girl Power" program and UNICEF later started its "Go Girl!" initiative. To this day, programs to prevent osteoporosis carry the slogan, "Strong Women, Strong Bones." But these campaigns carry an underlying message: "If you're a strong woman, why would you ever need or want a man?" And when the Marlboro Woman message didn't completely sink in, feminists went to Plan B: male-bashing. Male chauvinist pig. Misogynist. Insensitive. Over-bearing. Abusive. Batterer. And many others. Robin Morgan, who would later become the editor of Ms. Magazine, referred to marriage as "A slavery-like practice." Germaine Greer argued, "If women are to effect a significant amelioration in their condition, it seems obvious that they must refuse to marry." Kate Millett extolled the destruction of the traditional family as "revolutionary or utopian." Persons who are interested in comprehending the scope of this relentless assault should peruse the Heritage Foundation report, "Why Congress Should Ignore Radical Feminist Opposition to Marriage." ifeminists.com > home \| introduction \| interaction \| information \| about
This Story Behind Software Application Will Haunt You Permanently! Software program is a series of guidelines which inform a computer how to do something. As an example, if you are trying to open a publication in a cabinet, you do not need hardware to do it. Rather, the bookcase itself acts as the hardware and after that the visitor is the software application which interacts with the equipment. Nevertheless, this is not entirely true. There is a great deal of distinction in between the software application as well as the hardware as well as in most cases, both are needed to be successful. A fine example is how the os software program functions. The operating system software is what makes the computer system run, and also is usually installed preinstalled on every computer. This permits the user to personalize the operating system by altering various different facets of the computer, which permits them to either use it for gaming, office programs, songs or various other functions. While the computer system might be customized by the user, there still requires to be some hardware components involved. That is why a computer system can not simply be made use of for its standard functions and can not be personalized this way. The system software is what actually runs application software on a COMPUTER. Therefore, it establishes just how the program will run on the computer. For the most part, the software program needs to work on a details type of running system in order to operate effectively. The reason this is necessary is since several PC’s are not identical. Each type of running system has its own staminas as well as weaknesses. Given that a PC can only be utilized to run specific software application, the equipment must additionally match the kind of software application that is being utilized. This indicates that not all applications on a PC are compatible with all systems. Some programs are created for the home windows platform while others need to be compatible with the Apple iOS before they will certainly run effectively on it. This is why lots of people are having troubles with their apple iOS based phones when they try to download and install software. The remedy to this problem is to set up a suitable os onto your phone. This is exactly what android application development set or aptX is intended to do. Since we have an understanding of just what is involved with using this sort of equipment, let’s go over how this item of hardware jobs. The gadget functions comparable to an USB drive however is smaller and more flexible. It has flash memory storage that stores applications, information and various other data. When the device is linked into a PC or Mac, it makes the computer or Mac recognize the tool as if it were a USB drive. From there, individuals can set up software application or run energy software with just a couple of clicks of the mouse. Since it is an outside tool, the software program setup or other jobs can be finished promptly. Although the majority of people will certainly associate this item of equipment with professional software program, there are actually plenty of various instances of energy software program available. For example, the Google Chrome browser is provided via this device. Numerous business provide complimentary versions of this program for their consumers. Various other examples include complimentary on-line programs like Microsoft Workplace, Sun Staroffice 8, Apple iWork Pages and also many others. There are a variety of programs to pick from so finding one that matches your needs must not be difficult. You can find various types of these tools at a number of different merchants on the internet. If you are questioning what is involved in mounting the application software on a Windows computer system, you will certainly initially need to acquire some certain kind of wire or hardware that enables you to plug in your brand-new device. As soon as you have purchased the necessary equipment, it is essential that you adhere to the directions consisted of with the software package very carefully. Lots of people make the blunder of installing software application by just clicking the software icon and afterwards running the installer. This can cause some major issues because particular data or system settings might not be recognized by your computer system when you attempt to run the program. A very usual problem is when the software accidents or close down during the arrangement procedure. The point of using any kind of kind of application software is to enable you to do even more specific jobs and enhance the performance with which you work throughout your day. One of the very best methods to make the most of these software programs is to use them to automate specific tasks throughout your office. For instance, if you usually send out exercise to details clients, you can use web browser based software to set up automated e-mail messages to be sent out to these customers each time you send them a message. By automating particular tasks, you can improve the overall effectiveness with which you complete your day as well as boost performance. Hardware is considered system software, and also the software application is required for the physical equipment, such as cpus, memory, disk drives, and so on. It is additionally needed for the software of the computer system, such as web servers, data sources, as well as other operating systems. The equipment belongs to the total facilities that composes the computer system, that includes operating systems, communication protocols, storage devices, etc. All modern-day desktop and also notebook computer become part of a network. These networks consist of a selection of innovation components, consisting of communication procedures, storage devices, power supply devices, and Net accessibility needs. Software as well as hardware have to interact well in order for a computer system to function appropriately. There are two main sorts of computer systems software, or hardware. Computer system systems software can be found in several kinds nowadays. Windows based running system software is what many people consider when they hear words’software’. Windows ME, Windows XP, Windows Panorama, and Windows 7 are one of the most existing versions of this type of system software. Many computer systems come standard with Windows, which is why it is often the initial program mounted upon purchase of a computer. cargo management software An additional typical kind of software application advancement is the use of ‘open source code’. This code is offered for any person, to use for any kind of function, but can not be customized or changed without the authorization of the individual that created the code. Open source code has actually changed the world of computer technology. Lots of computer system programmers use this kind of advancement in order to produce cutting side software application that transform the globe everyday. New modern technologies like Google Chrome have actually been created utilizing open resource code. Leave a Reply
Why use red glue for patch processing? 2020-12-28 18:40:34 admin Why use red glue for patch processing? Patch processing adhesive is also patch processing red glue, usually red (also yellow or white) paste is evenly distributed with hardener, pigment, solvent and other adhesives, mainly used to process the patch The components are fixed on the printed board and are generally distributed by dispensing or stencil printing. After attaching the components, put them in an oven or reflow oven to heat and harden. 　　 SMD processing SMD glue is cured after being heated. The curing temperature of SMD processing is generally 150 degrees, and it will not melt after heating. That is to say, the thermal hardening process of SMD processing is irreversible. The effect of patch processing will vary due to thermal curing conditions, connected objects, equipment used, and operating environment. When using, the patch glue should be selected according to the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA processing) process. 　　 SMD processing red glue is a chemical compound whose main component is polymer material. Patch processing fillers, curing agents, other additives, etc. Patch processing red glue has viscosity fluidity, temperature characteristics, wetting characteristics and so on. According to the characteristics of the red glue in the patch process, the purpose of using the red glue in production is to make the parts stick to the surface of the PCB firmly to prevent them from falling. Patch processing red glue is a purely consumable material, not a necessary process product. Now with the continuous improvement of surface mount design and technology, through-hole reflow soldering and double-sided reflow soldering have been implemented for patch processing. The placement process of chip processing patch adhesive is showing a decreasing trend.
Do Away with the Guilt: Science Offers even more Explanations why Addiction is not a Moral Failing, but a Disease of the Brain Date Icon Publish Date Last Updated on November 21, 2021 by Ben Lesser If you have a brain disease, try and refrain if you are guilty of your dependency on liquor or drugs. First and foremost, a toxic person who seeks to recuperate should not mix up shame and dependency. Typically, it just fuels the negative feelings with drinking and/or substance abuse. There have been the majority of alcoholics and addicts with a brain disease. Go on a drinking binge, sober up, and feel awful for what you did when you were drinking or intoxicated. At one point, you may inevitably feel so bad for what you did when you start knowing you’re harming yourself and everyone that you just stutter the agony again. It’s an awful cycle that for certain individuals doesn’t end until it’s past the point of no return. Brain disease truly is a sickness. Indeed, Dr. Nora Volkow, overseer of the Public Organization on Medication Maltreatment at the Public Establishments of Wellbeing, just distributed a paper in the renowned New Britain Diary of Medication underscoring that reality. As the individual who directs the association financing a large portion of the world’s examination on dependence, Volkow brings up bit by bit precisely how the pathology of compulsion functions in the brain disease. She additionally clarifies why the pharmacological medicines of present-day medication ought to be utilized with individuals who find stopping without assistance an unimaginable errand. Volkow explains there are three repeating phases of enslavement and brain disease: gorge and inebriationwithdrawal and negative effects, and distraction and expectation. She clarifies what happens that makes an individual becomes dependent and have brain disease through positively no ethical falling flat of their own. How Addictions Start Nobody decides to build up dependence and get a brain disease. A muddled blend of hereditary qualities and natural components decides whether one individual is in more danger for habit than another. Analysts realize a few group’s cerebrums respond diversely to specific substances, causing brain disease. For instance, a few groups have a quality variation that ensures against cocaine habit, since it diminishes the measure of dopamine (a synapse that produces sensations of joy) delivered by cocaine. Others, in any case, are more helpless to drugs. Young people, for instance, have to create minds that battle with repressing motivations and brain disease using sound judgment. That is the reason youngsters are bound to build up a fixation since they might not have a sufficient capacity to deny ingesting more medications or drinking more liquor.[1] An individual builds up enslavement for an assortment of reasons. He may drink liquor or consume medications as an approach to cause a gathering more fun or to feel more good conversing with outsiders. He may utilize medications to improve his presentation at school or construct muscles quicker. Companion pressure additionally assumes a significant part as companions urge everybody required to participate and get brain disease. On an expansive level, dependence and brain disease are urgent; drug-chasing conduct that proceeds in any event, when antagonistic outcomes overwhelm an individual’s life. Loved ones perceive serious addictions because an individual’s life is wild. Enslavement and brain disease in its early phase might be more diligently to spot. Since a gentle dependence is simpler to treat, it’s essential to step in when possible. If in question, go to an authorized proficient to make the most precise conclusion. The Habit Cycle On the off chance that you feel like this, it is for a valid justification. Substance use issues can be perceived as far as the “Compulsion Cycle.” The Surgeon General’s Report expresses that, “Enslavement and brain disease can be depicted as a rehashing cycle with three phases. Each stage is especially connected with one of the accompanying mind locales—basal ganglia, broadened amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. This three-stage model of brain disease draws on many years of human and creature research and gives a helpful method to comprehend the manifestations of compulsion, how it very well may be forestalled and treated, and how individuals can recuperate from it”. The three phases are Gorge/Inebriation, Withdrawal/Negative Effect, and Distraction/Expectation. In this blog arrangement, we will depict each stage that will help you better comprehend substance use issues such as brain disease and portray approaches to forestall and treat them. Steady desires for medication are the principal sign that compulsion and brain disease is taking hold. An overpowering inclination to utilize the medication of decision distracts the client despite different occasions, duties, or connections in her day-to-day existence. Fractiousness, fomentation, exhaustion, misery, and trouble concentrating are cautioning signs musings and conduct are out of equilibrium. Gorging and Inebriation Despite which medication is utilized, addictive substances get an individual snared by flooding the cerebrum with dopamine, which gives the client a feeling of prosperity and causes brain disease. In the end, the dopamine quits being delivered because of the medication, and rather cells start to make it fully expecting the medication. “This interaction includes the very sub-atomic systems that fortify synaptic associations during learning and memory arrangement,” Volkow and her partners write in the paper. “Along these lines, natural boosts that are over and again matched with drug use – remembering conditions for which a medication has been taken, people with whom it has been taken, and the psychological condition of an individual before it was taken – may all come to evoke adapted, quick floods of dopamine discharge that trigger needing for the medication.” Thus, for instance, suppose you’re a cocaine someone who is addicted who oftentimes buys the medication at your number one watering opening. In case you’re there and you see one of your vendors stroll in, your cerebrum will say, “I should have cocaine!” This is the reason, in balance, individuals with liquor abuse and compulsion are told they should change the appearances and spots they see when they have a brain disease. Bidding farewell to individuals and spots that you connected with substance use is about something other than spending time with alleged “great individuals” all things considered. It’s not tied in with deciding on your old companions. In any case, your brain disease will not allow you to get calm if you continue to return to similar circumstances where you used to get high or flushed. Withdrawal and Adverse Outcome Inevitably, your mind science changes in manners that make joy hard to track down, even from things that normally produce rewards, such as food, sex, or different exercises that you once discovered pleasurably. That is the reason the medication that used to get you so high may not offer similar impacts as a brain disease. Frequently, a fiend may think they are simply getting “terrible stuff.” For certain medications, like heroin, the brain disease changes in manners that make withdrawal indications awful to the point that individuals utilize the medication just to keep away from withdrawal. It’s not even about getting high any longer. This is the reason pharmacologic treatment, for example, naltrexone once in a while is the lone expect breaking liberated from extreme dependence on narcotics. “In the dependent mind, the brain disease and counter award framework become overactive, leading to the exceptionally dysphoric period of illicit drug use that follows when the immediate impacts of the medication wear off or the medication is removed,” the paper clarifies. Negative Impact Notwithstanding how habit assumes control over an individual’s life, substances likewise change an individual’s cerebrum influencing his states of mind and conduct. At the point when he quits taking the medication or drinking liquor, he may encounter withdrawal manifestations. Manifestations of brain disease vary contingent upon the substance, yet may incorporate the accompanying: • Tumult, uneasiness, alarm • Sleep deprivation, sadness, neurotic reasoning • Weariness, muscle torment, feeling insecure • Migraines, discombobulation, seizures • Sickness, regurgitating, chills, cramps • Shakes, sweats, quakes • Maniacal responses At this stage, the solitary inspiration in a client’s life is to stay away from the horrifying side effects of withdrawal such as brain disease. Any remaining customary exercises stop to have importance past finding and proceeding to utilize his picked substances. Companions and friends and family may see lost interest in family or social exercises, pastimes, or even close to home appearance due to brain disease. Hazardous conduct (taking, sharing needles, dangerous sex), changes in dietary patterns, unexplained weight change, trouble focusing, fierce or odd upheavals, even distrustfulness is for the most part signs of the damaging cycle working out. Distraction and Expectation At the point when enslavement and brain disease turns out to be especially extreme, the cerebrum starts to zero in basically on looking for the medication. Leader measure – which controls things like settling on reasonable choices – gets weakened. “These impacts of brain disease clarify why people with compulsion can be true in their longing and goal to quit utilizing a medication and at the same time indiscreet and unfit to finish their purpose,” Volkow and associates clarify. “This adjusted motioning in prefrontal administrative circuits, combined with changes in the hardware engaged with remuneration and passionate reaction, makes an irregularity that is urgent to both the slow advancement of impulsive conduct and brain disease in the dependent sickness state and the related powerlessness to intentionally lessen drug-taking conduct, notwithstanding the possibly disastrous outcomes.” Volkow, et al., say more investigation into what the mind reacts to and means for enslavement is expected to more readily illuminate the public approach. “Notwithstanding the logical proof and the subsequent advances in therapy and changes in arrangement, (for example, the Psychological wellness Equality and Enslavement Value Demonstration of 2008, which requires clinical protection intend to pay for substance misuse and emotional well-being treatment equivalent to some other sickness), the idea of fixation as an illness of the cerebrum is as yet being addressed,” the writers compose. The takeaway? Try not to be tricked by what others advise you – in case you’re experiencing difficulty shaking your dependence, it isn’t your shortcoming. Also, you have the right to get solid. Science says as much, and government substances progressively are saying as much, as well. Treating Fixation and Brain Disease At the point when it’s unmistakable, you or a friend or family member need dependence and brain disease treatment, there are numerous recuperation alternatives accessible. The best habit medicines enable an individual to quit utilizing drugs on his terms. This exceptionally singular interaction works by going through talk treatment. Offices that offer proof-based treatments, like Skywood Recuperation, give patients the best results of brain disease treatment. Volkow, Nora et al. Neurobiological Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction. New England Journal of Medicine. (2016, Jan. 28). 374:363-371. Retrieved April 3, 2016, from
As mentioned in other posts, namely ‘Digital Humanities meets Medieval Financial Records’ and ‘Exchequer receipt roll: from transcript to spreadsheet’, I am working on data derived from the 1301–2 receipt roll of the Irish Exchequer Receipt via a project funded by the Jean Golding Institute. Using Python and pandas, it was possible to easily explore the data and visualise it with plots via the Matpotlib and Seaborn visualisation libraries. The total value of the receipts for the financial year was £6159.18s.5d. This total is one penny more than that recorded by the exchequer clerk, who missed some fractions of a penny recorded in the 24 May 1302. Of the payments: • the smallest payment was 8 pence • the largest payment was £310 • the median payment was £1.10s.2d. • the mean payment is £7.1s.1d. • the mode payment was 6s.8d. The financial year was broken into four terms: Michaelmas (September–December), Hilary (January–March), Easter (April–June) and Trinity (June–August). Using these terms, we can break down the value of receipts by these terms. Total payments, per term, in the 1301–2 receipt roll The terms themselves were not of an equal length of time. Also, within each term, there are various days the exchequer did not sit, or no payments were received. Number of days, per term, in the 1301–2 receipt roll Within each term, the amount of business, i.e. the number of receipts received in the exchequer, also varies. Amount of business, per term, in the 1301–2 receipt roll We can plot all three variables – total revenue, length of the term and amount of business – in a radar plot with each variable represented as a percentage of the total value for the year. Radar plot for the Michaelmas term, in the 1301–2 receipt roll Radar plot for the Hilary term, in the 1301–2 receipt roll Radar plot for the Easter term, in the 1301–2 receipt roll Radar plot for the Trinty term, in the 1301–2 receipt roll What is immediately striking in these plots is that the Hilary term is relatively long but has the least business and income, whereas the Easter term is quite short but provides the most income. Clearly this is only a window on a specific year, and it would be interesting to see trends over time. How does the 1301/2 financial year compare to others with Edward I’s reign? What trends can be seen over the years, decades and centuries? How was the income from Ireland affected by war, rebellion, famine and plague? Are there trends to be gleamed from the different administrations under varying chancellors? Also, does income reflect the changeable effectiveness of English royal authority in Ireland? In future posts, I’ll be digging further into the data.
Difference Between Regression And Classification In Machine Learning? Difference Between Regression And Classification In Machine Learning? However, in multi-label classification, there are multiple possible labels for each outcome. This is useful for customer segmentation, image categorization, and sentiment analysis for understanding text. To perform these classifications, we use models like Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors, SVMs, as well as various deep learning models. This is called binary classification (True/False, 0 or 1, / not ). In some cases, classification algorithms will output continuous values in the form of probabilities. Given the seemingly clear distinctions between regression and classification, it might seem odd that data analysts sometimes get them confused. However, as is often the case in data analytics, things are not always 100% clear-cut. Regression notation is intuitive and this kind of analysis is sensitive to outliers in the data. Regression and classification can work on some common problems where the response variable is respectively continuous and ordinal. A classification algorithm is evaluated by computing the accuracy with which it correctly classified its input. Too low, and you might be waiting forever for your model to converge on the best set of weights; too high, and you risk missing the best set of weights because the model would not converge. This iterative approach is repeated until a minimum error is reached, and gradient descent cannot minimize the cost function any further. Based on the slope, gradient descent updates the values for the bias and the set of weights, then reiterates the training loop over new values . Imagine that you’re tasked to predict whether or not a client of your bank will default on their loan repayments. The first thing to do is construct a dataset of historic client defaults. Finally, let’s check to see how the classifier performed by importing some metrics and checking the predicted values against the actual values. If the predicted distribution function tends to follow the actual distribution function, we say that model is learning accurately. If you are just starting out in machine learning, you might be wondering what the difference is between regression and classification. This post will show you how they differ and how they work. FM can be used for regression and optimization criterion is mean square error. Let Us At First Discuss About Regression V Both of them fall under the umbrella of supervised learning algorithms. This means that the training data that they learn from includes the output values they are trying to learn to predict. If the data is not labeled then it is called an unsupervised machine learning problem and a clustering algorithm will be used instead. Some algorithms can be used for both classification and regression with small modifications, such as decision trees and artificial neural networks. Some algorithms cannot, or cannot easily be used for both problem types, such as linear regression for regression predictive modeling and logistic regression for classification predictive modeling. machine learning classification vs regression Support Vector Machines learn what class examples belong to by fitting a line between the data points and maximizing the margin on either side of that line based on their y-labels. Hard margin SVMs do not allow any data points to fall within the margin but soft margin SVMs do. Allowing for some data points to fit within the margin helps to avoid overfitting. Classification Vs Regression Models Classification models include logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, gradient-boosted tree, multilayer perceptron, one-vs-rest, and Naive Bayes. Regression, in machine learning, is where you train an algorithm to predict a continuous output based on a set of features . Currently in spark.ml, only a subset of the exponential family distributions are supported and they are listedbelow. Choosing an appropriate regression technique, again, highly depends on the data at hand. Questions we may want to answer is if we have constant variance among the residual. Classification predictive modeling problems are different from regression predictive modeling problems. There are many ways to estimate the skill of a regression predictive model, but perhaps the most common is to calculate the root mean squared error, abbreviated by the acronym RMSE. A problem with two classes is often called a two-class or binary classification problem. Questions like this are a symptom of not truly understanding the difference between classification and regression and what accuracy is trying to measure. One of the key elements in choosing a method is having a sensitive accuracy scoring rule with the correct statistical properties. ROC AUC is preferable to accuracy, especially in multiclass prediction settings or when we have a class imbalance problem. Key Differences Between Classification And Regression It is a special case of Generalized Linear models that predicts the probability of the outcomes. Use the familyparameter to select between these two algorithms, or leave it unset and Spark will infer the correct variant. Firstly, it may seem logical to assume that regression and classification problems use different algorithms. In fact, many algorithms, such as decision tree and random forest can be adapted for both classification and regression tasks. Production data science means spending more than 80% of your time on data collection and cleaning. If you want to speed up the entire data pipeline, use software that automates tasks to give you more time for data modeling. The target variable takes one of two possible categorical values. For example, spam vs. not spam, 0 vs. 1, dog vs. not dog, etc. For example, we would input the email subject line (“A Nigerian prince needs your help”) into the model with the accompanying class (“spam”). Principally both of them have one common goal i.e. to make predictions or take a decision by using the past data as underlined foundations. There is one major difference as well; classification predictive output is a label and for regression its a quantity. It just so happens that they can do more than categorising the input data. Can call classification as sorting and regression as connecting technique as well. The target variable takes one of three or more possible categorical values. machine learning classification vs regression Here the probability of event represents the likeliness of a given example belonging to a specific class. The predicted probability value can be converted into a class value by selecting the class label that has the highest probability. Classification is one of the parts of machine learning, dedicated to solving the following problem. There are many objects that are divided into classes in some way. The task is to build an algorithm that can classify an arbitrary object from the original set. One-dimensional, or simple linear regression, is a technique used to model the relationship between one independent input variable, i.e. the function variable, and the output dependent variable. A classification problem is when the output variable is a category, such as “red” or “blue” or “disease” and “no disease”. Machine Learning Approaches To Logistic Regression A predicted probability can be converted into a class value by selecting the class label that has the highest probability. The output variables are often called labels or categories. • A classification algorithm can have both discrete and real-valued variables, but it requires that the examples be classified into one of two or more classes. • Classification methods simply generate a class label rather than estimating a distribution parameter. • These algorithms are called supervised learning algorithms. Classification algorithms work by using input variables to create a mapping function. These data contain observations whose classifications are already known and so the algorithm can use them as a guide. This helps determine the output variables with varying degrees of accuracy. This tree-based algorithm includes a set of decision trees which are randomly selected from a subset of the main training set. The random forest classification algorithm aggregates outputs from all the different decision trees to decide on the final output prediction, which is more accurate than any of the individual trees. On the other hand, classification algorithms attempt to estimate the mapping function from the input variables to discrete or categorical output variables . Conclusion– We have elaborated our earlier posts on Machine learning algorithmsfor understanding classification and regression techniques under supervised learning. Represents the percentage of correctly classified samples. An accuracy score of 90% would tell us that our logistic regression model correctly classified 90% of all examples. Because of the ease of computation, logistic regression can be used in online settings, meaning that the model can be retrained with each new example and generate predictions in near real-time. An Khmurenko [email protected] +48 (22) 621 34 23 Close Menu
How Does the Patriot Act Affect My Bank? 1st Commercial Credit Six weeks after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks that killed 3,000 Americans, Congress passed the USA Patriot Act in an attempt to prevent future incidents of terrorism. The acronym USA Patriot Act stands for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001. The law was proposed by the Department of Justice with the intention of providing additional tools to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), federal prosecutors and the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) for the purpose of identifying and disabling terror networks both in the United States and abroad. It has far-reaching effects, including changes in immigration and how citizens and non-citizens of the United States interact with banks. How Banks Are Impacted by the Patriot Act The greatest impact of the Patriot Act is that it requires banks to change the way checking, savings and loan accounts are handled. It contains an anti-money laundering provision that impacts every person who opens or holds a bank account. The reason for the anti-money laundering efforts is that the terrorists responsible for the September 11, 2001 attacks had no problem opening bank accounts in the United States. They were also able to obtain credit cards by completing applications with made-up social security numbers. The anti-money laundering clause of the Patriot Act attempts to hold banks more accountable for opening accounts or lending money to terrorists. As a result, honest individuals and business owners are scrutinized more carefully. A dozen years after the Patriot Act was passed, groups like the American Civil Liberties Union fight against it due to privacy concerns. What to Expect When You Open a New Bank Account When you open a new checking, savings or loan account with a bank, it is required to verify your identity by confirming your name, address, date of birth and a valid identification number. This would be a social security number for residents of the United States. People who are conducting business in the United States but who are not citizens are required to provide a government-issued document from their home country as well as proof that they are in the country legally. Upon verifying your identity, bankers are required to make a photocopy of your driver’s license or other identification card and keep it on file. A banker is also required to check your name against the following lists: • FBI Wanted Fugitives, Most Wanted Fugitives and Most Wanted Terrorists • Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons • Wanted Fugitives of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service • Top 15 Most Wanted and Major Fugitive Cases of the U.S. Marshals Service • Major International Fugitives Wanted by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration • Most Wanted by the U.S. Customs Office, U.S. Postal Inspection Service and the U.S. Secret Service. • Most Wanted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. • Top 10 Fugitives of the Air Force Office of Special Investigations Bankers are allowed to ask intrusive questions if they feel apprehensive about opening an account for you or issuing a loan. These questions may include: • The nature of your business and your specific role in the organization. • How you normally earn your money. • How you obtained the money you are using to open the account. • How you will use the money if you are applying for a loan. When opening a business bank account, you must provide the full name and address of the business as well as your employer identification number (EIN). You also need to disclose your own name and address of residence. The banker may ask for documentation that proves you are able to conduct financial transactions on behalf of your business. To fully comply with the Patriot Act, banks are required to keep your information on file for five years after you close or pay off your accounts. What Banks Consider to be Suspicious Activity The amount of scrutiny you can expect depends on your normal banking activity. A banker may be suspicious of you from the start if you open a business checking or savings account with a large amount of cash. A banker would likely ask you for additional identification and check with other banks in the area to see if you’ve been a problem customer in the past. He or she may also pull your personal and business credit reports. Another red flag for banks is when you have account activity that is out of the ordinary. For example, if you normally make $5,000 deposits into your business checking account every two weeks, making much larger deposits could trigger an account audit. Consequences of Having Your Account Flagged The Patriot Act does not require banks to notify you that your account is being investigated for suspicious activity. This means that your bank can freeze your account without telling you the reason. While you’re in the dark about what is going on, the bank is most likely filing a Suspicious Activities Report with the federal government. After receiving the report, the government notifies you and begins its investigation. Fortunately, this is something that will never happen to the vast majority of individuals and business owners in the United States. The Patriot Act and the Purchase of Real Estate The Patriot Act requires all types of financial institutions to submit to increased verification and reporting requirements. If you plan to purchase real estate for your business, you are subject to the same level of verification you would be when opening a bank account or applying for a loan. The mortgage lender must verify your name against several federal databases to ensure that you are not wanted in connection with terrorist activities. This is covered in detail in Section 326 of the Patriot Act. It also requires both buyers and sellers in a real estate transaction to sign additional disclosure statements. Start the Conversation
Browse wiki Threat analysis - Individual responses to threat Kind of learning session Holistic + Learning objectives Understanding stress management as something which helps us better manage our security. Develop physiological responses to threat and tactics for maintaining calm. + Methodology Methodology == Activity: Lion, Horse, Tur Methodology == Activity: Lion, Horse, Turtle (20 minutes) == '''Step 1.''' Divide the space into three sectors by placing pieces of paper on the floor, reading 'Lion'; 'Horse'; and 'Turtle'. Theb ask participants: What are the characteristics of a Lion? How do they respond to danger? (Typically by attacking); What are the characteristics of a Turtle? How do they protect themselves? How are they different than a Lion?; What are the characteristics of a Horse? How do they protect themselves? How are they different than the others?. '''Step 2.''' Gather participants in the centre of the space and ask them to call to mind a particular event in which they felt they were in danger. Leave a moment for this and give hints if necessary (it may be during a protest, or a security incident which has happened to them of which you are aware). Then, ask participants to move to the animal with which they associate their behaviour in that moment. == Discussion (10 minutes) == Lead a pop-corn style discussion on this – if needed, use prompt questions such as: Why do you associate yourself with this animal in that situation? How did you act? Was it a conscious or unconscious decision to act the way that you did? Did you always react the same way, or has it changed in different situations? '''Note:''' Although the energy can be light and fun, in this conversation, people may recall particularly difficult moments wherein they experienced violence. Try to avoid value judgements and critiquing how someone behaved in a particular situation, but rather listen respectfully to their rationale for doing so. == Input: Physiological responses to threat. (20 minutes) == Humans, like all animals, have built-in responses to threat which have helped us to survive throughout our evolution. When we perceive acute danger, many of these responses kick in without our ability to control them: they are hard-wired to our bodies and minds. Introduce the reactions on a paper or flipchart one by one and, for each, ask if it resonates or if any participant has any reflections on it. The “'''freeze response'''” is when a person becomes utterly still while remaining highly alert and poised for action. This response relies on escaping notice until the danger has passed. For example, we might cease the work that we are doing, stop communicating through our usual channels, or reduce communication with someone with whom we are in conflict. In each case, we are hoping that the unwelcome attention will pass if we become inactive. The “'''flight response'''” is when a person quickly tries to get as far away from the danger as possible. We might move our operations to a safer location, abandon certain activities or modes of communication, or separate ourselves from people who might cause us harm. The “'''comply response'''” involves doing what an aggressor instructs in the hope that cooperation will result in the attack ending quickly and without injury. We might agree to suspend or abandon certain objectives or activities, or give up passwords to secure information. The “'''tend response'''” happens when people try to protect other, more vulnerable people who are being similarly victimized. Many HRD are motivated to help others because of our own experiences of oppression and exploitation. The “'''befriend response'''” involves trying to build some kind of relationship with the aggressor in the hope that this will limit the harm perpetrated against oneself or others. By telling physical aggressors about our families we might try to humanize ourselves in their eyes, a strategy that is sometimes useful in reducing violence. The “'''posture response'''” is an attempt to drive off the danger by pretending to have greater power than one actually does. As HRD we often threaten to expose threats of violence broadly so as to publicly embarrass our adversaries. The “'''fight response'''” is when a person attacks with the intent of driving off or destroying the aggressor. Of course there are many ways to fight and we all make our own ethical choices about this. == Deepening: Stress Table (30 minutes) == This is a useful tool which can help us to identify the effect that stress has on our bodies and minds individually and engage our own tactics and resources for managing it. '''Step 1.''' Ask participants to take a sheet of A4 paper and divide it into 16 sections. On a flipchart, draw the following matrix: Symptoms Tactics Resources Green Yellow Red '''Step 2''' Input: We can arbitrarily enough identify three (or more) 'levels' of stress. ''Green:'' bearable, motivating stress. This kind of stress might keep us creative, but we may become tired more easily, need more breaks and know that we don't want to feel it for a long period of time. ''Yellow:'' unpleasant stress. With this level of stress we may feel tired and at the same time alert. We may manifest physical signs of stress. We will usually have a strong desire to change the situation which is causing this sensation. ''Red:'' unbearable, profound and lasting stress. This kind of stress affects different spheres of our lives including our relationships at work, with our friends and family, and also our intimate relationships. Our bodies show clear physical reactions, and we may feel close to collapse, and resort to unhealthy measures to stay alert, such as stimulants. '''Step 3.''' Ask participants to consider for each level – however they define it for themselves – what are the symptoms each one causes in them. If you're comfortable, share an example from your own life. Then, ask participants to fill in what tactics they have for easing these symptoms or the cause of the stress, and what resources are necessary for this. == Synthesis (10 minutes) == Security is not just an abstract concept: our bodies have evolved ways of keeping us safe However this system is impacted by stress, tiredness and trauma. We must better manage this in order to better manage our security. is in order to better manage our security. + Number of facilitators involved 1 + Prerequisites None + Technical needs Flipchart, whiteboard, papers/drawings (lion, horse, turtle). Hand-outs on Individual Responses to Threat and the Stress Table + Theoretical and on line resources Holistic Security guide + Title of the tutorial Individual responses to threat + Tutorial category Discussion + Has improper value for Duration (hours) + Categories Tutorials Modification date This property is a special property in this wiki. 27 August 2015 15:30:13 + hide properties that link here No properties link to this page. Enter the name of the page to start browsing from.
Everyone in this world has different aims and dreams. Some people want to become an artist, while some want to be a doctor. Some want to be a writer, while some want to become an engineer. It all depends on the demand of what society wants more and also the passion of an individual. Currently, the demand for PCBs and PCB designers is increasing day by day. Since the use of electronic devices is increasing. Therefore, the industry also expects more people to learn PCB designing. As we all know that printed circuit boards play a crucial role in electronic devices. Not everyone can design PCBs. But only those who have passion. Those who got fascinated by designing or those who are intrigued to learn can easily design. In this article, we will find a road that helps anyone to reach the designation of PCB designer. An outline of the PCB Designer PCB designer The job of the PCB designer is to first research the best designing software and tools. And, then learn the particular software for designing. The responsibility of a PCB designer is to come up with the best design ideas for the specific device. The best design includes the best routing techniques for vias, etc Education Required PCB designers are mostly engineers with having BE degrees. But many designers come after completing BS degrees too. The degree helps the person to learn the basic courses about Printed circuit boards and the related software. University, college, or any engineering school gives access to an individual to learn expensive software which one may not be able to afford. It helps in getting a good job as a PCB designer. But, not all ventures ask for the degree for their particular position as a PCB designer. Some only need the skills of a person. Skills Required PCB designer
A2L Item 244 Goal: Hone skill at using Lenz’s Law Source: 283-CTQsas36 Consider the four situations below in which a wire loop lies in the plane of a long wire. In which case(s) is the induced current in the loop in the counterclockwise direction? [Note: if no velocity is indicated, the loop is stationary.] 1. A only 2. B only 3. C only 4. D only 5. A and B 6. C and D 7. All cases. 8. None of the above. 1. Discussing each of the cases is valuable. Students have difficulty recognizing that the induced current is in a direction that causes the field of the induced current to compensate for the change in flux. Even when they nominally understand that, they have trouble reliably applying the right hand rule.
What is duty cycle The duty cycle is a dimensionless physical quantity that characterizes any impulse system. It is denoted by the letter S and is determined by the ratio of the period of the pulse signals T to their duration. In addition, there is also the inverse duty cycle, it is called the duty cycle and is denoted by the letter D, and in English it is called the Duty cycle. If the pulse length is equal to half the period, then duty cycle is equal to two, such a signal is called a square wave. The duration of such an impulse and the pause between impulses in the period are equal. The duty cycle can be expressed as a percentage and is an important characteristic of a pulsed system, since it determines the ratio of the peak power of a pulsed installation to its average power. Insufficiently high duty cycle of discrete information processing systems leads to its distortion. Source: chipdip.ru
Earl Tilford / February 27, 2015 American Crusades and Existential Threats “The logical end of a war of creeds is the final destruction of one.” –T.E. Lawrence Speaking at the National Prayer Breakfast on February 5, President Barack Obama cautioned against judging recent barbaric attacks by ISIS as unique to Islam. He pointed to (among other things) depredations committed by Crusaders over 900 years ago. Despite the blundering butchery by semi-barbarous European feudal armies, the medieval Crusades made strategic sense. After the fall of the Roman Empire and Western Europe’s descent into the Dark Ages, the Christian Byzantine Empire formed a protective shield against Muslim incursions into the Balkans and westward. In 1095, after Seljuk Turks overran much of the Byzantine Empire and occupied Christian holy sites in Jerusalem, Pope Urban II’s call for Crusades proved a historic turning point. The day after Obama’s prayer breakfast lecture his national security advisor, Susan Rice, speaking at the Brookings Institute, previewed the White House’s 2015 National Security Policy by calling for “perspective” in addressing “dangerous … numerous and varied” threats which, according to her, “are not of an existential nature.” She then incorrectly cited World War II as one of the existential threats to the United States before correctly noting the Cold War presented such a threat. America at arms excels in crusades fought to a definitive conclusion. There have been several such “crusades” in American history and three existential threats. The fight for independence from Britain constituted a struggle for existence that, had the patriots lost, would have aborted the American republic. After a long, hard struggle the patriots prevailed; failure would have meant the gallows. From the patriots’ perspective theirs was a war for survival against formidable odds fought to a definitive conclusion. While not a “crusade,” it was a desperate fight. For the British, not so much – and they lost. The American Civil War posed an existential threat not because the Confederacy wanted to conquer the Union but because its success would have destroyed the Union. It was a closely run thing but in the end, the Union embarked on a two-edged crusade to preserve the Union and abolish slavery. The “Battle Hymn of the Republic” says a lot about President Abraham Lincoln’s determination and Washington’s war aims. While Gen. Ulysses S. Grant destroyed Confederate armies, Gen. William T. Sherman undertook offensives in Alabama and Georgia that sacked farms and destroyed industries to collapse the South’s already weak economy. The Union crusade preserved the United States of America. The Second World War, too, was an American crusade although Imperial Japan, Nazi Germany, and Italy never posed an existential threat to the United States. Japan sought to compel the United States to withdraw from the western Pacific. While a victorious Nazi Germany would have imposed a barbaric new “Dark Age” on Europe, in the 1940s the Nazis could not threaten the existence of the United States. Nevertheless, President Franklin D. Roosevelt mounted a crusade to save civilization that the American military pursued to a definitive conclusion. Japan and the European fascist powers suffered the same fate as the Confederacy: defeated armies, wrecked economies, devastated cities, disestablished political systems, and their countries occupied during political reconstruction. The Cold War, however, posed an existential threat. Marxist ideology fostered a showdown between two incompatible socio-economic systems. The Cold War mobilized America’s industrial, scientific and academic communities. Although the nation was drawn into two indecisive conflicts in Korea and Vietnam, the overarching Cold War paradigm involved a struggle between antithetical systems only one of which could survive. In the end, the genius of President Ronald Reagan was to label the Soviet Union an “Evil Empire” and undertake the largest peacetime military buildup in American history coupled with his strategic defense initiative – “Star Wars.” The overregulated and inept Soviet economy collapsed along with its ideologically bankrupted Marxist political system. Although Russia survived and will challenge the West again, because of Ronald Reagan millions of East Europeans were freed from political servitude. A crusading America makes for an awesome adversary. The Obama administration’s refusal to recognize the existential nature of the threat posed by Islamic fanaticism does not make that threat less real. Given their apocalyptic vision, if al Qaeda’s rapidly metastasizing franchises obtain weapons of mass destruction they will use them. ISIS computer specialists demonstrated remarkable information age capabilities in their 22-minute Internet presentation culminating in the live immolation of Jordanian Air Force Lt. Moaz al Kasasbeh. The nature of cyber warfare is that savvy hackers can wreak catastrophic damage. This existential threat is real. Given the fanatical commitment driving this threat, efforts to “decimate and contain” will fail. What’s needed is an American-led crusade to attack and annihilate al Qaeda and its ISIS franchise. Start a conversation using these share links: Who We Are What We Offer On the Web Via Email Our Mission Copyright © 2021 The Patriot Post. All Rights Reserved.
Linguistics 106 \| English homework help For this assignment, you will be asked to examine 5 different typological properties found within either a language within sub-Saharan Africa (in the Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Congo, Khoisan families) or a language spoken in East or Southeast Asia (in the Sino-Tibetan, Austroasiatic, Tai-Kadai, or Hmong-Mien families). You may not choose Swahili, Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, or Korean. The task of this assignment is to examine the properties of the language in relation to general properties we have discussed in class so far (or in terms of properties your book has discussed). You should use WALS to explore certain features in relation to the ones in the questions below to give you an areal comparison. The answer to each of the questions below should contain both examples in the language and some (2-4 sentence) discussion of how it relates to the general pattern in the area or in the language family. Question 1: Does the language have a lexical tone contrast? If so, please provide some examples of words with this contrast. Is the contrast similar to the languages spoken in the surrounding area? If not, does the language have a contrast in word stress? Is this similar or different from the languages spoken in the surrounding area? (WALS Ch.13a) Question 2: What is the vowel system like? How many vowels are there? How does this compare to related languages? Is there a distinction between ATR and non-ATR vowels? Is there a distinction in voice register (phonation type) in the vowel system? Describe the pattern the best you can. (WALS Ch.2a) Question 3: How are nouns categorized in the language? Are there noun classes (like in Bantu)? If so, what are they and how many are there? Are they arbitrary or do they seem to be semanticallymotivated? (WALS Ch.30a). Are there noun classifiers (like in Mandarin)? If so, what are they and how many are there and do they seem to be semantically-motivated? Question 4: What is the morphology of the language like? Is it agglutinative, fusional, synthetic, or isolating? How many distinctions can be marked on a single verb? (WALS Ch.22a) How does this compare with related languages? (For this question, you may find it helpful to first read the short description related to WALS Ch.22a by Bickel and Nichols.) Question 5: What is the word order of the language like (SOV, VSO, SVO, etc)? (WALSCh.81a and 81b) Please provide an example or two. How does this compare with the language family or with related languages spoken nearby? BONUS! You may receive an additional 2 points on this assignment (12/10 – or a 20% bonus) if you pick one additional chapter from WALS and examine your language in relation to it. You pick the category/chapter. The paper will be based on the Vietnamese language. the homework assignment will be based on the vietnamese language. the writing can be done with the question number in bold as a subheading will the question is answered in paragraph form underneath . it can be 2 pages with 1/4 page. Click Here to Make an Order Click Here to Hire a Writer
Leukemia strikes all ages and both sexes. In 1995 about 20. 400 people died from Leukemia. The all clip five twelvemonth endurance rate is 38 % . This rate has gone to 52 % in the mid 1980’s. Approximately 25. 700 instances were reported in 1995 entirely ( American Cancer Society-leukemia. 1995 ) .Leukemia is a signifier of malignant neoplastic disease in the blood cells. We Will Write a Custom Essay Specifically For You For Only $13.90/page! order now Most signifiers of Leukemia occur in the white blood cells. These unnatural cells reproduce in big measures and expression and perform otherwise than normal cells ( MedicineNet-leukemia. 1997 ) .Right now the causes of Leukemia are unknown. Some surveies have shown that exposure to high-energy radiation additions opportunities of undertaking leukaemia. Such radiation was produced in the atomic bombardment of Japan during World War II. There is besides adequate energy in atomic workss so rigorous safety safeguards are taken. Some research shows that exposure to electric magnetic Fieldss. such as power lines and electric contraptions. is a possible hazard factor. More surveies are needed to turn out this nexus. Some familial conditions. such as Down’s syndrome. are besides believed to increase the hazard factor. Exposure to some chemicals is besides suspected to be a hazard factor. By larning the causes of leukaemia intervention options will go available ( MedicineNet-leukemia. 1997 ) .There are many symptoms of leukaemia. The symptoms of leukaemia are the same for all the different types of leukaemia. The acute types of leukaemia. ALL and AML. symptoms are seen more rapidly than in the chronic types of leukaemia. CLL and CML. where symptoms do non needfully look right off. The symptoms are flu symptom. failing. weariness. changeless infections. easy bleed and contusion. loss of weight and appetency. conceited lymph nodes. liver or lien. lividness. bone or joint hurting. extra perspiration. swollen or hemorrhage gums. epistaxiss and other bleedings. and ruddy musca volitanss called petechiae located underneath the tegument. In acute Leukemia the cancerous cells may roll up around the cardinal nervous system. The consequences can include concerns. purging. confusion. loss of musculus control. or ictuss. These bunchs of malignant neoplastic disease cells can roll up in other assorted parts of the organic structure ( MedicineNet-leukemia. 1997 and American Cancer Society-leukemia. 1995 ) . Leukemia can be diagnosed in a figure of ways. Blood work is normally done in the research lab. Different signifiers of blood work include look intoing the haemoglobin count. thrombocyte count. or white blood cell count. X raies are routinely done for intervention followup. Ultrasound is besides used as a intervention followup. CT Scan is a particular type of X ray used as a elaborate cross subdivision of a specific country of the organic structure. Bone marrow is routinely tested to analyze advancement of the disease. Spinal lights-outs are besides used in certain types of malignant neoplastic diseases. The spinal fluid is checked to see if malignant neoplastic disease cells are present ( Parent and Patient handbook-hematology/oncology clinic. Children’s Hospital of Michigan. 19? ? )Treatment of Leukemia is really complex. Treatments are tailored to suit each patient’s needs. The intervention depends on the type of the malignant neoplastic disease and characteristics of the cells. It besides depends on the patient’s age. symptoms. and general wellness. Acute Leukemia must be treated instantly. The end of intervention is to acquire the malignant neoplastic disease into remittal. Many people with Leukemia may be cured. To be considered healed. you must be malignant neoplastic disease free for at least five old ages. This clip besides varies depending on the type of malignant neoplastic disease. The most common intervention of Leukemia is chemotherapy. Bone marrow grafts. Radiation. or biological therapy are besides available options. Surgery is besides on occasion used. Chemotherapy is a intervention method in which drugs are given to kill off the cancerous cells. One or more drugs may be used depending on the type of Leukemia. Anticancer drugs are normally given by IV injection.Occasionally they are given orally. Chemotherapy is given in rhythms: a intervention period followed by a recovery period followed by another intervention period and this procedure continues for a certain sum of clip. Radiation therapy is used along with chemotherapy in some occasions. Radiation uses high energy beams to kill the cancerous cells. Radiation can be applied to either one country or to the whole organic structure. It is applied to the whole organic structure before bone marrow grafts. Bone marrow grafts are used in certain patients. The patients bone marrow is killed by high doses of drugs and radiation. The bone marrow is so replaced by a donor’s marrow or the patient’s marrow that was take before the high sums of drugs and radiation. Biological therapy involves substances that affect the immune system’s response to the malignant neoplastic disease ( MedicineNet-leukemia. 1997 ) .In decision. Leukemia can be fatal. but with early diagnosing. proper interventions. and a batch of fortune. it can be put into remittal. With intervention options bettering invariably. there may one twenty-four hours be a certain remedy. Leukemia is a really dominant disease and really difficult to handle. The key may be in the causes.
What ocean borders England? How many oceans does the UK border? The UK borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea to the west, the English Channel to the south, the North Sea to the east, and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. With a total area of 93,600 square miles, the UK is the 78th largest country in the world, and with a population of 66 million, it is the 21st most populous. What country is surrounded by 2 oceans? Continent Country Oceans North America Costa Rica 2 North America & South America Panama 2 South America Colombia 2 South America Chile 2 or 3 THIS IS FUN: How many UK embassies are there in the US?
You asked: When was Britain attached to Europe? Was Britain once attached to Europe? As recently as 20,000 years ago—not long in geological terms—Britain was not, in fact, an island. Instead, the terrain that became the British Isles was linked to mainland Europe by Doggerland, a tract of now-submerged territory where early Mesolithic hunter-gatherers lived, settled and traveled. When did Great Britain break away from Europe? When did Britain become separated from the continent? The Irish Sea, North Sea and the Channel were all dry land, albeit land slowly being submerged as sea levels rose. But it wasn’t until 6,100BC that Britain broke free of mainland Europe for good, during the Mesolithic period – the Middle Stone Age. Was Ireland ever attached to England? Ireland was always an island and a land bridge never formed to connect it to Britain, according to new research from the University of Ulster. Contrary to the general view, sea levels never fell far enough to allow dry land to emerge between the two landmasses. THIS IS FUN: How many miles is it from one end of England to the other? When was the ice age in Britain? This last glacial period, known in Britain as the Late Devensian glaciation, began about 33,000 years ago. At its peak, about 22,000 years ago, a large ice sheet covered all of Scotland and went as far south as England’s Midlands area. When did the Celts arrive in Britain? There is much debate among academics as to when Celts arrived in Britain and when Celtic influence started to dominate, although the most commonly accepted time is roughly in the sixth century BCE. Was England once connected to France? About 500,000 years ago, a land bridge of low hills connected Britain to France between the Weald in south-eastern England and the Artois in northern France. What was Britain like 10000 years ago?
Children’s future improves when they get this punishment, do not repeat the mistake again Table of Contents If you are a parent, then you will totally agree that taking care of kids is like a nugget. Throughout the day there is a lot of their wickedness and questions. Sometimes he broke something, even then it stifled someone’s nose. Sometimes the neighbors even come to complain that your child is being harassed by the demons. In such a situation, parents adopt the path of punishment to improve the children because they are not left with any other option. But many times parents give such punishment, which has a bad effect on the emotional or mental development of the child. That’s why you should give positive punishment to the child. So that he also understands that he has made a mistake and does not have any bad effect on his mind. time in Most of the parents give punishment of time out on their child’s bad behavior in which children have to sit quietly in a corner. However, sometimes this method does not work with children because they are very active. In such a situation, parents can try time in. In this, give the child something to do while sitting in a corner. Give him one of your poems to memorize, draw or solve a math problem. navbharat times You must also be thinking that what kind of punishment is this. This is punishment when your child does not like to exercise. If the child commits a mistake, give him a punishment of 10 sit-ups as a punishment. With this, children will also learn to exercise and they will also get punishment for their mistake. However, do not give any excessively tiring exercise. household chores navbharat times There are many tasks in the house which you can give to the children as punishment. Give points to the child for this. For example, if he makes a mistake, he has to earn 100 points to complete the punishment. Now you will get 20 points for watering the plants and 30 points for keeping the pots in their place. In this way the child has to collect 100 points. teach yourself to calm down navbharat times Not only children but adults should also know how to control their anger. When the child makes a mistake, ask him to go outside for a walk. If there is a stomach in the house, ask to take him out for a walk. This will help the children to calm down and they will also be able to think that they have done something wrong. When he comes back, explain to him that he should not make such a mistake again. Apart from this, if your child does not like to sleep and likes to play, then you can also give him the punishment of sleeping early at night. If you make a mistake, reduce the time of the child’s play and go to sleep early at night. Source link Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here
A Visit To A Historical Place/Building (Sulayman Pasha Mosque) The first Ottoman-style mosque in Egypt is considered to be the Sulayman Pasha al-Khadem Mosque (Arabic: مسجد سليمان باشا الخادم‎), also known as Sariat al-Jabal Mosque. It is a historical mosque founded by Suleiman Pasha Al-Khadem in 1528, and it is located at the top of Mount Mokattam within the Cairo Citadel, and originally erected for the use of the jannisaries in the northern enclosure. In plan and profile, the mosque is basically Ottoman. The prayer hall adopts the Ottoman version of the T-form and is enclosed in the Ottoman way by a shallow central dome, flanked by 3 semidomes. A courtyard surrounded by domed arcades faces this. Similarly, the minaret is Ottoman in shape with a cylindrical, faceted shaft surmounted by a conical finish and located to the right of the facade of the entrance. It is raised above the small mosque to proportionately high height. In the 15th century, Suleiman Pasha became governor of Egypt. The influence of Suleiman Pasha was expressed by the new house. The mosque, composed of Egyptian craftsmen and an architect, was built by Suleiman Pasha. Sulayman Pasha undertook a program to completely renovate and restore the old mosque when the original mosque showed signs of decay, practically rebuilding it in the Ottoman style. The mosques of Istanbul, Turkey, such as the Suleymaniye Mosque (built AH 965 / AD 1558), he used as his inspiration. Domes, semi-domes, pencil-shaped minarets, and the use of ceramic-tile upholstery on the inner walls define the Ottoman style. (Sulayman Pasha Mosque) The mosque’s key façade is on the southwestern side. It is set with a projection portal followed by steps of stone. The steps lead up to a rounded arch that is topped by the outer entrance. With two ribs, each jutting out from the body and decorated with multicolored muqarnas, the minaret is cylindrical. A cone covered with green panels is capped with it. In most of the mosques set up during the Ottoman period, this sort of Ottoman minaret was used. With the dome resting on spherical pendentives, the interior reflects the outer Ottoman shape and is ornamented with marble revetments, inscriptions, carving, and elaborate stucco. Two iwans belong to the prayer hall. The first iwan, distinguished by a pointed arch and polychrome marble decoration, is the qibla iwan (southeastern) containing the mihrab. In addition to the name of the sponsor and the name of Sultan Suleyman al-Qanuni (the Magnificent), the upper portions of the walls of this iwan have four circular cartouches that include inscriptions from Qur’anic verses. The second (northwestern) iwan is distinguished by a marble floor lower than the qibla iwan floor, and a decorated marble minbar is embellished with gilded geometric and vegetal leaf patterns on its southeastern side. Other attributes of the complex include a Fatimid era shrine, restored with its entry integrated into the court’s arcades. It was originally built to house his tomb by Abu Mansur Qasta, governor of Alexandria, about 1140, and dedicated to Sidi Sariya, a companion of the Prophet, hence the mosque’s common name. The edifice is in the form of a rectangle outside the mosque. It portrays the remainder of the building with 9 smaller domes. In the northeastern wall, there is a door that leads to the mosque’s internal annexes, such as the ablutions and areas for water supply. There are four arched niches on the northwestern wall facing the Qibla wall, one of which contains a window, while the other has a door leading to the courtyard of the mosque. The mosque’s walls are paneled with a polychrome marble lining, over which an epigraphic inscription band is containing Qur’anic verses in a leafy Kufic script. On the northern side, another courtyard is situated. Based on the work of Egyptian craftsmen, the walls were made of marble. Marble ornamentation consisting of geometric units decorates the floor of the mosque. Despite the use of the Ottoman style in the architecture, the decoration of the mosque indicates a continuation of the Mamluk practices of embellishment.
Navigation mit Access Keys Prof. Anne Spang on the relocation and recycling competence of cells Sorting out, packing, moving... All this kept Biozentrum employees busy from morning to night in the summer of 2021 and it also plays a key role in Prof. Anne Spang's research. Spang's team is investigating the innermost parts of cells and how they sort, transport and recycle their belongings. And it seems that humans could learn a lot from the cell. What are you and your team investigating? We investigate how cells sort out, recycle and transport proteins. In other words, we are looking at relocation in miniature. And a closer look reveals that we humans work similarly to the cell in some respects. But the cell is even more effective. In what way? Cells don't spend hours worrying about every decision but make them quickly and effectively. And in the process, quality control does not suffer at all. How exactly do the cells make their decision? This is still largely a mystery for researchers. We know that the cells have a sophisticated three-stage system that makes it easier for them to sort out, pack and move. First, the material, for example proteins, are checked, sorted into three categories and labeled: The first category are proteins that are still urgently needed and therefore have to be kept and moved. The second are proteins whose whereabouts and usefulness are checked again and provisionally stored, and in the third category are unusable proteins to be disposed of and recycled. What happens to the material that the cell no longer needs? The discarded proteins that are no longer needed are disassembled into their basic building blocks and thus serve as raw material for the production of new compounds. Could one say that cells are not only removal professionals, but also moving and recycling professionals? Absolutely! Cells are definitely ahead of the game when it comes to recycling, because their system is highly energy-efficient and sustainable. Besides, cells are used to recycling and moving. They constantly move their proteins around. Proteins that are transported from the inside of the cell to the outer membrane or to other cell organelles, from the endoplasmic reticulum, where they are produced, via the Golgi apparatus, the sorting station to their final destination. Such transport logistics around the cell are daily business for the cell. You have just moved to the 14th floor of the new Biozentrum building. How are your personal moving skills? Since I've already had to move about ten times in my private life, I'm quite used to moving. So, the move was not a big hurdle for me. It's a different story when it comes to sorting things out. I just love to keep things so that I can retrieve and use them again later. Since I couldn't take everything with me to the new building, sorting things out was a challenge. That's why I simply did it like the cell: while packing, I already determined the final destination of each item in the new lab or office. Then I packed and labelled the corresponding box. Does that make the way you moved similar to how a cell does its moving? Not really, because there is one big difference: Unlike us humans, who plan everything precisely beforehand, the cell remains extremely flexible in its decision making. It always has backup options at hand should circumstances change. When under stress, for example, it immediately changes its sorting criteria and labels its proteins differently. We simply have less routine than the cell and as far as flexibility is concerned, we can learn a much from the cells. Research Group Anne Spang
December 7, 2021 The Egyptians (Ancient Egyptian language: rmṯ n km.t; Coptic: irmenkima ⲛ̄ⲣⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲕⲏⲙⲉ) are the North African, Mediterranean, Afro-Mediterranean ethnic group that inhabited the region of the Nile Valley in Egypt from prehistoric times and She lived in it and is still living in it until today, and these days, their number is more than 100 million (in the year 2021), and they are the owners of the ancient Egyptian civilization, meaning the great Pharaonic civilization, which is the basis for the formation of the Egyptian personality and whose features are still living in the Egyptians and Determine their identity until today. The history of the Egyptians is the longest continuous history of any people in the world, and if we take this for its continuity with the prehistoric Egyptian cultures, we find the history of the Egyptians. This goes back to about the year 13,000 BC, and they are two of the oldest human races. The Egyptian identity is rigidly linked to the geography of Egypt, the most important of which is the valley of the Nile and its small strip of land, which is useful for agriculture, and the land that is useful for this agriculture extends from the original waterfall to the Mediterranean Sea and is surrounded by desert from the east and west. The geography of Egypt is one, not two, and it has a primary role in the development of the Egyptian society, and it has a role in the formation of Egyptian civilization and its culture, from ancient times until today. The daily and national language of the Egyptians is now the Egyptian, and this is the language of its rules that follow the rules of the Coptic phase of the ancient Egyptian language, and in terms of words, the Egyptian language is full of Coptic words and words of ancient Egyptian are not recorded in the written Coptic, and you take a response Ancestor words from other languages, such as Arabic in particular, and also for English, French, Greek and Italian. The Egyptian language includes dialects such as the Egyptian Saidi, the Egyptian Cairo, and the Wastani Egyptian of Middle Egypt, and others. In those who classify the Egyptian language, it is the fourth stage of the development of the ancient Egyptian language, like Bayoumi Qandil, who made this classification on linguistic foundations, and considered the Egyptian language to be the daughter of the Coptic and the granddaughter of the Demotiki. Form works of art and rock carvings along the Nile River and oases in the desert. In the tenth millennium BC, the culture of fishermen and fishermen and grinding grain began in Egypt. Climatic changes and/or excessive grazing around 8000 BC began to dry up the pastoral lands and Egypt, and the desert was formed. Migrations took place to the Nile River, and the agricultural economy and the centralized society stabilized. Egyptian civilization uncle INSERT INTO `wiki_article`(`id`, `article_id`, `title`, `article`, `img_url`) VALUES ('NULL()','مصريين','','','')
Many to this day adore his Impressionism paintings, commonly depicting ballerinas and women. His work is often compared to that of Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Claude Monet. Together, these artists impacted the Impressionism art movement significantly through time. The portrait of Madame Edmondo Morbilli belongs to a collection of captivating pieces by the artist. Other portraits with a similar aesthetic to them include Madame Camus With A Fan, Woman Seated On A Balcony, Elena Carafa, and Madame De Rutte. These stunning pieces are not the most prominent of the artist's, yet are significant works of art. The piece showcases a young woman as she stands posing for the viewer. It seems that Degas created the piece as the woman posed, rather than based on his imagination. As Degas is known for his off-centre pieces, this portrait follows in that direction. Yet again Degas created the perspective from the corner of the room, and also has the woman standing at an angle. This creates better dimension and a 3-D form rather than portraying the scene through a centre perspective. The woman stands gently to her right side, exposing the left side of her body. The captivating element of the piece is the bright yellow attire the woman is dressed in. A grand skirt fills the bottom half of her body towards the floor. The foundation of the piece is a yellow fabric, covered in endless strips and patterns of a white chiffon. This is used near the centre of the skirt to create symmetry, alongside at the bottom to create a few rows of fabric. While the top part of the dress isn't seen, the woman wears a cardigan over that covers her body. This tight yellow top part has similar white detailing that adds greater dimension to the piece. Similar white linear patterns fill the sleeves. Additionally, a thin white line holds the cardigan together at the waist. In the woman's left arm, she holds what seems to resemble a dark hat. Yet, as Degas did not use immense detail, it is hard to truly distinguish what it is. It seems to also resemble either a purse of fan. It's immensely interesting to witness the artist use exquisite detailing throughout the features of the woman's attire, yet not for the accessory she holds onto. The woman's other hand is held upwards towards her face as she curls her fingers beneath her cheek. While her face is pointed slightly to the left, she stares directly at the viewer meeting their gaze. The woman is aware that the viewers are starring as she poses for them. The woman has a prominent nose alongside thick eyebrows. It seems as if her eyes are slightly distraught drooping downwards. An emotion of powers her face that seems to slightly resemble fear or worry. While Degas usually does not include immense detail through the background of his work, he was within the piece. Large golden picture frames and candle sticks fill the back wall. A deep red wall paper covers the wall alongside. The viewer is able to make out a few burgundy furniture pieces throughout the background. The most stunning element of the piece is the fact that Degas created it through the use of pastels. While it seems to resemble an oil painting, it is rather pastels that line the frame. This exquisite detailing proves the masterful technique of Edgar Degas.
April 04, 2020 12 min read Folding the American Flag serves more than one Purpose In a practical sense, a proper flag fold goes a long way in terms of flag care, maintenance, and storage. You may not have occasion to fold a flag very often. But, it is Army and Navy custom to lower the flag daily, at the last note of retreat. The flag is then folded in a triangle shape. It is said the shape is similar to that of hats worn by the colonial soldiers. Is the shape a coincidence, or intentional? We'll see. As a symbolic gesture, flag folding plays an important role in showing respect for the flag and what it represents. It is a moving and meaningful part of many ceremonies, including funeral services and burial rites. Knowing the basics and a little bit of history will serve you in many ways. What is the proper way to fold the American flag? For starters, there is no "official" way to fold the American flag. The U.S. Flag Code is the first place to look for flag display and etiquette. It is full of rules governing when, where and how to display the US flag, but there are no guidelines on folding One reason is because flags vary in size. There is a standard ratio for government flags, but in practical use not all flags maintain the same ratios. Common flag sizes are 12x18", 2x3 Ft, 2.5x4, 3x5, 4x6, 5x8 and bigger. Interment flags used for burial services are 5'x9.5'. Not every flag will fold into the same shape with the same number of folds. Since the flag code leaves us searching or answers, we turn to the branches of the Military, the VA (Department of Veterans Affairs), American Legion, VFW, and the Boy Scouts of America. Even the Army, Air Force, Navy, Marines, and Coast Guard all have their own unique variations for handling the flag. (more on that later) Our conclusion is that there is no "proper" or "correct" way to fold the American flag. But there is a model and best practice to follow. Showing respect for the flag and what it represents is what really matters. The actual details leave room for interpretation. How to Fold the American Flag Step by Step: How To Fold the American Flag US Flag with dotted fold line Hold the flag stretched out and parallel to the ground (it helps to maintain tension between the two ends) American flag folded in half lengthwise 1. Fold in half lengthwise American flag folded in half a second time 2. Fold in half again First triangle fold of the US flag 3. From the fly end, fold a triangle from the folded edge to the open edge Second triangle fold 4. Repeat triangle folds toward the canton Third triangle fold of the American flag 5. Continue triangle folds 4th triangle fold of American flag 6. Repeat Folding American flag 7. There are 13 folds in total so keep going folding the flag 8. Getting close to the end folding the flag to the canton 9. Whatever excess remains will fold into the triangle Tuck in for final flag fold This is the most common and basic way to fold the American flag. As we mentioned before each branch of the military adds their own subtle style to the pomp and circumstance of flag folding. Here is a great example of a Marine Flag Folding. You might be surprised by the first fold and the end result. Marine Corps Body Bearers - Respect Do the folds of the American Flag Have Meaning? Yes. The ceremony of folding the American flag carries great meaning and symbolic reference. If you ever had a doubt, watch the Marine Corps Body Bearers above. But it's a little bit of the chicken or the egg when it comes to what came first. Were these symbols and meanings planned? Probably not. (There is no evidence that they were.) We believe the 13 folds exist because they work. As times goes by, traditions emerge and people ascribe meaning. We'll present the most common interpretations and you can apply what works for you. Respect for the flag and what it represents is what is most important. The details leave room for freedom. During flag folding ceremonies, often a "script" is read. These scripts embody the symbolism of each fold and its meaning. Here are some popular examples. 13 Folds For The American Flag Using the method above, there are 13 folds. (As we mentioned before, not every flag is the same size, so it can vary, but 13 is most traditional.) From the US Department of Veterans Affairs. "13-Fold Script" 13 Folds for 13 Colonies You may have heard that the the 13 folds represent the 13 coloniesthat signed the Declaration of Independence and became the first 13 states. Maybe. Here is a that promotes the 13 State Symbolism. Flag Folding Script Fold 1: The 13 stripes represent the original 13 states: Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island Fold 2: The 50 stars represent our 50 United States of America Fold 3: "I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death", Patrick Henry Fold 5: "We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. They are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights. Among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness", Declaration of Independence Fold 8: "The basis of our political system is the right of the people to make and to alter their constitutions of government", George Washington Fold 11: "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door", Emma Lazarus, inscription on the Statue of Liberty Fold 12: "Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country", John Fitzgerald Kennedy Fold 13: "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character", Martin Luther King, Jr. Air Force Flag Folding Script Lt. Col. Samuel Hudspath, Air Force protocol chief, said "Though there are no official ceremonies in the Air Force that require a script to be read when a flag is folded, unofficial ceremonies such as retirements often do." “We have had a tradition within the Air Force of individuals requesting that a flag be folded, with words, at their retirement ceremony.” And here is what they read during flag folding: In 1814, Francis Scott Key was so moved at seeing the Stars and Stripes waving after the British shelling of Baltimore's Fort McHenry that he wrote the words to The Star Spangled Banner.3 In 1892 the flag inspired Francis Bellamy to write the "Pledge of Allegiance," our most famous flag salute and patriotic oath.3 Since 1776 no generation of Americans has been spared the responsibility of defending freedom... Today's Airmen remain committed to preserving the freedom that others won for us, for generations to come. By displaying the flag and giving it a distinctive fold we show respect to the flag, and express our gratitude to those individuals who fought, and continue to fight for freedom, at home and abroad. Since the dawn of the 20th century, Airmen have proudly flown the flag in every major conflict on lands and skies around the world. It is their responsibility ... our responsibility ... to continue to protect and preserve the rights, privileges and freedoms that we, as Americans, enjoy today. Flag Folding Script Used By the Boy Scouts of America #1 In honor of the thirteen original colonies and our forefathers who founded this great nation, we salute you. #2 To the men who died in the War for Independence, we salute you. #3 To those men who fell in the War of 1812, to preserve our freedom, we salute you. #4 To the brave soldiers on both sides, The North and The South, in the Civil War, we salute you. #5 To those who shed their blood in the name of hope and freedom in The Great War, we salute you. #6 For our fathers and sons who died in the terrible battles of World War Two, Pearl Harbor, Anzio, Midway, The Bulge, Iwo Jima, Guadalcanal, Normandy, and Berlin, we salute you. #7 To the men of the First Marine Division, who, in a rear guard action at the Chosin Reservoir in Korea saved their battalion and the lives of their brother Marines, we salute you. #8 For the brave men and women of our armed forces who died on the fields of fire in Vietnam and whose names will live on forever on that hallowed wall, we salute you. #9 For our commander in chief, who leads our nation in good times, and bad, we salute you. #10 For the Boy Scouts of America and all the Scouts who have gone before us, we salute you. #11 To God, our parents and our families who we love and respect, we salute you. #12 To the men and women of our armed forces, the Arsenal of Democracy and the Hammer of Freedom, we salute you. #13 And last, to freedom, because with out freedom there is no honor, without honor, we are not Americans, and on this we vow, that as long as this flag flies, we salute you. How many times is the American flag folded? Typically there are 13 folds when folding the American flag. But, the American flag is available in many sizes and even a few different ratios, so 13 folds won't always end up in a triangle. In addition, each branch of the military has their own variations and ceremony when folding the flag. Why is the American flag folded into a triangle? Common folklore says the flag is folded into a triangle similar to the hats worn by colonial soldiers. It is more likely that the flag is folded into a triangle because it works well. Over time, the process has become ceremonial, showing respect for the flag itself and all that it represents. Is there a proper way to fold the American flag? There is no "official" rule to follow when folding the American flag. However, a standard has become common. Generally, there are 13 folds moving from the fly end toward the canton, and ending in a triangle. Practically, this works well for display, and storage. It also has become a traditional ceremony performed at important events. Do the folds of the American flag have meaning? The short answer is, yes, but not officially. There are many scripts that are commonly read during American flag folding ceremonies. The scripts describe the folds and what they represent. The scripts share common themes, but are open for interpretation and there is no universal answer. Knowing how to properly fold your American Flag is a useful skill. It promotes flag care, maintenance, safe storage, and demonstrates great respect. Thank you.
Springe direkt zu Inhalt Technologically sophisticated concepts can easily clash with users’ socio-cultural needs and everyday behavior. Therefore, the project used a transdisciplinary approach based on the integration of science, technology and society. This approach is reflected in the project’s structure: the scientific components, concept development and empirical studies are closely interlocked with the integrative societal components such as participation and governance. This ensures social embedding of technologies and active involvement of institutional players and the local population, strengthening users’ self-reliance and ownership, and ensuring sustainable operation of the plants. Thus, a new participatory method (demand-responsive approach) has been developed with Namibian partners. It was applied in the project to develop and implement the new technologies based on informed choices. Additionally, knowledge management provided tools to support decision making and planning processes. The approaches applied within the project are listed below:
Skip to main content Month Day November 08 Maurice Ferré becomes first Puerto Rican to lead a major U.S. mainland city On November 8, 1973, Maurice Ferré is elected Mayor of Miami, Florida. In addition to becoming the first Puerto Rican to lead a major city in the mainland United States and the first Hispanic Mayor of Miami, Ferré is credited from transforming Miami from a tourist town into an international city. The Ferré Family was one of the wealthiest in Puerto Rico, and Ferré's relatives included prominent politicians, novelists, and industrialists. Ferré served briefly in the Florida House of Representatives before being elected Mayor in 1973. He would hold the position until 1985, serving six two-year terms. Despite being a "weak mayor"—the Mayor of Miami was just one of five commissioners and did not have the power to unilaterally make appointments—Ferré transformed the city. He immediately set about challenging the "non-group," a cabal of white businessmen who had effectively run the city for the last several decades, and integrating a city that was still largely segregated. With the help of two allies on the city's governing commission—the black civil rights leader Rev. Theodore Gibson and Manolo Reboso, the city's first Cuban-born elected official—Ferré appointed the first black city attorney, the first black city manager, and the first two black police chiefs. He and that attorney, George Knox, convinced the federal government to sue the city for discrimination, forcing the desegregation of the police and fire departments. Known for his cosmopolitanism, Ferré sought to make Miami a global city rather than merely another East Coast beach town. "I had a clear vision that Miami really needed to look south," he later told the Miami Herald. During his time as mayor, he expanded the city's port, lured domestic and foreign banks to a newly-christened financial center, and welcomed the immigrants who poured in from Cuba. Among numerous other new developments, Ferré secured the site of AmericanAirlines Arena, home of the Miami Heat, for the city. His focus on building affordable housing and developing urban areas is credited with revitalizing much of the city and preventing suburban sprawl from consuming the Everglades. In many ways, his dream of an international hub and his infrastructure programs created Miami as it is known today. Ferré's tenure came to an end due to a trend he helped encourage: Cuban-American participation in city governance. After he was replaced by the city's first Cuban-American mayor, Ferré held a number of posts in the public and private sectors and ran for senate unsuccessfully in 2010. Upon his death in September of 2019, both allies and bitter political rivals acknowledged his contributions to the city. His obituary in the Herald, whose board had once included members of the "non-group" he sought to destroy, referred to him as "the father of modern-day Miami." Proposition 187 is approved in California On November 8, 1994, 59 percent of California voters approve Proposition 187, banning undocumented immigrants from using the state’s major public services. Despite its wide margin of victory, the ballot measure never takes effect. In 1994, California, the home of Presidents more Lawrence Joel awarded Medal of Honor For action this day in the Iron Triangle northwest of Saigon, Specialist Five Lawrence Joel, a medic with the 1st Battalion, 503rd Airborne Infantry, 173rd Airborne Brigade is awarded the Medal of Honor, becoming the first living African American since the Spanish-American War to more Beer Hall Putsch begins Adolf Hitler, president of the far-right Nazi Party, launches the Beer Hall Putsch, his first attempt at seizing control of the German government. After World War I, the victorious allies demanded billions of dollars in war reparations from Germany. Efforts by Germany’s more Salvatore “Sonny” Bono is elected to the U.S. Congress If you had made a friendly wager back in 1974 as to which pop-music figure might go on to serve in the United States Congress in 20 years’ time, you might have picked someone with an apparent political agenda, like Joan Baez, or at least one who was associated with some kind of more The Republican Revolution German scientist discovers X-rays Yogi Berra is the AL MVP On November 8, 1951, Yankees catcher Yogi Berra (1925-2015) is voted the American League’s most valuable player for the first time in his career. St. Louis Browns’ ace pitcher and slugger Ned Garver almost won the award—in fact, a representative from the Baseball Writers more Doc Holliday dies of tuberculosis Doc Holliday–gunslinger, gambler, and occasional dentist–dies from tuberculosis. Though he was perhaps most famous for his participation in the shootout at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, Arizona, John Henry “Doc” Holliday earned his bad reputation well before that famous feud. more Margaret Mitchell, author of “Gone with the Wind,” is born On November 8, 1900, Margaret Mitchell, author of Gone with the Wind (1936), is born in Atlanta, Georgia. Mitchell worked as a journalist for the Atlanta Journal for six years. She quit after an ankle injury limited her mobility, and she devoted herself to her novel about the more Ted Bundy botches an abduction attempt John F. Kennedy elected president John F. Kennedy, 43, becomes the youngest man ever to be elected president of the United States, narrowly beating Republican Vice President Richard Nixon. He was also the first Catholic to become president. The campaign was hard fought and bitter. For the first time, more Abraham Lincoln reelected On November 8, 1864, Northern voters overwhelmingly endorse the leadership and policies of President Abraham Lincoln when they elect him to a second term. With his re-election, any hope for a negotiated settlement with the Confederacy vanished. READ MORE: How the Union Pulled Off more Sun sets on the Ford Rotunda Hitler survives assassination attempt
What Are Long-Term Injuries From a Slip and Fall Accident? Slip-And-Fall Accidents On Monday, October 18, 2021 Many people hear ‘slip and fall’ and picture minor injuries, such as bumps and bruises. They underestimate the severe harm that a slip and fall accident can cause under the wrong circumstances. In reality, many victims suffer long-term and catastrophic injuries from slip and fall accidents every year. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one in five falls causes a serious injury. Broken Bones The CDC reports that the most common serious injury associated with a slip and fall accident is a broken bone. A victim could break many different bones in a fall. Many victims fall on their buttocks, leading to tailbone fractures. Others break their arms, wrists and elbows trying to catch themselves. A bone in the leg could break, on the other hand, if it takes a direct impact or gets bent or jammed in the fall. Some of the most serious broken bones reported in fall accidents are skull fractures, spinal cord fractures and hip fractures. A severe broken bone could cause long-term loss of mobility. Complications From a Hip Fracture The vast majority of hip fractures (95 percent) are from fall accidents. A hip fracture is most often caused when a victim falls sideways and lands on the hip. Hip fractures can be especially dangerous for elderly patients who are over the age of 65. For these patients, the amount of immobility and bed rest required while healing from a hip fracture can lead to significant health complications, including urinary tract infections, other infections, muscle atrophy, blood clots and bedsores. In some cases, hip fractures in the elderly can lead to an overall decline in health and premature death. Traumatic Brain Injury and Brain Damage Falls are the number one cause of traumatic brain injuries. If a slip and fall accident leads to the victim hitting his or her head or skull on the ground or an object on the way down, it can jar the brain and damage the brain cells. This can lead to long-term or permanent brain damage, with symptoms such as memory loss, decreased cognitive function, difficulty eating or communicating, behavioral changes, and severe headaches. Spinal Cord Injuries After the brain, the spinal cord is the most vulnerable part of the body in a slip and fall accident. If the victim suffers a broken vertebra, slipped or ruptured disk, nerve damage, or another serious back or spinal cord injury, he or she may have permanent symptoms. The most severe spinal cord injuries cause irreversible paralysis, meaning that the victim will permanently lose function and feeling below the point of injury on the spine. Although physical therapy, treatments and rehabilitation may help a spinal cord injury survivor regain some independence, there is no known cure for paralysis. Soft-Tissue or Ligament Damage Even injuries that seem mild to moderate initially, such as a pulled muscle or sprain, can have lasting effects on a victim. A torn ACL in the knee from twisting it while falling, for example, can be debilitating and require months in recovery. Depending on the circumstances, it may not be possible to ever regain the full use of the muscle, joint or ligament affected in a slip and fall accident. Contact an Attorney After a Serious Slip and Fall Accident If you or a loved one sustains a serious injury in a slip and fall accident in Wallingford, Connecticut, contact an attorney to find out if you have grounds to file a premises liability lawsuit. If so, you may be eligible for financial compensation from the property owner or another party to help you pay for your bills and move forward. If you need expensive ongoing medical care, for instance, a settlement can reimburse you for these costs. Contact Loughlin FitzGerald, P.C. today for more information. request your free consultation
What are dental implants? Dental implants are artificial teeth that are surgically placed within your jawbone and they look and function like your real teeth. An implant is made up of two parts, a metal post and a crown. The titanium in the implant fuses with your jawbone providing strong support to the roots of missing teeth. Dental implants are an alternative to dentures or bridge-work in cases where: • Missing teeth need to be replaced with artificial ones that look and work like real teeth. • Missing tooth roots need to be substituted by metal posts. If your teeth are missing or you need to replace crooked teeth to get back your beautiful smile visit our expert dentists. We will carry out a comprehensive examination to determine how much bone volume and density is present in the area of the missing tooth, so that it supports a dental implant. An implant will be suggested if dentures are not suitable for you. The dental specialist at Medcare will conduct a comprehensive dental examination which includes: • Your medical history. • A decision on the type of dental implant that will suit you - whether a single or multiple tooth replacement is required - based on the condition of your jawbone. • Requirement of over-dentures - implants that are required to stabilise a denture. Treatment Options: Dental implant surgery does not require hospitalisation. Same day dental implants procedure is usually carried out under local anaesthesia. Your gum will be cut away and a hole will be drilled in your jawbone. An implant, usually made of titanium, is placed in this hole, to replace the root of your tooth. Healing time is required between procedures, when the jawbone and implant get fused. After this, a connector, called an ‘abutment’, is attached to this implant. The artificial tooth is attached on top of this abutment. This provides a permanent tooth that resembles a natural tooth in appearance and function. The services of an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, as well as a periodontist and a prosthodontist are available, as required for your treatment. Resend OTP FAQs: Inclusions: الأسئلة الشائعة: • Is there any pain after the procedure? A: As the anaesthesia wears off, you may experience soreness and pain around the treated area. The extent of pain depends on the number and type of dental implants. For example, Endosteal implants are more invasive than Subperiosteal implants, making them more painful. • How will a dental implant be inserted and how does it become permanent? A: In a dental implant surgery, a post, usually made of titanium, replaces the root of your tooth. This implant is placed deep within your jawbone, after cutting away the gum and drilling a hole in the bone. Over time, the jawbone grows and the implant gets integrated into it. After this, a connector, called an ‘abutment’, is attached to this implant, and then the artificial tooth is attached. The implant is permanent as it is fixed in the jawbone, and the artificial tooth is as close to your natural teeth as possible. • My twelve year old son lost two of his permanent teeth in a sports injury. Should I consider getting him dental implants? A: Yes, dental implants are an excellent and long-term solution for children who have lost permanent teeth, so do discuss this with your child’s dentist. The dentist will usually advise this to be done only after the child’s facial development has been completed, so you may have to wait for a few years. • How long does it take to get a dental implant? A: While the time required for a dental implant treatment varies from case-to-case, the average is between three to six months. After the implant is fixed to the bone, the bone needs to fuse with it, and you may need to wait for some weeks or months for this to happen. In cases that require jaw surgery and bone grafting, the procedure may take longer. • Will my dental implants require any special care? A: It is important to maintain good oral hygiene to get the best out of your dental implants. The care required is similar to the way you would care for your natural teeth – regular brushing, flossing and dental checkups. Your dentist may recommend an interdental brush to clean around the implant. It is also advisable to avoid eating very hard foods with your artificial tooth, as that may damage the crown. • What are Dental Implants? A: Dental Implants are metal frames that fuse into the jawbone to provide higher stability to your replacement teeth. They essentially fill the gap caused by tooth loss due to infection, injury, or decay and ensure that everything stays in its place. • What are the types of dental implants? A: Endosteal and Subperiosteal are two highly recommended types of dental implants. Endosteal implants are surgically inserted into the jawbone. It happens in three sittings as the implant is first inserted, and after the tissue heals, another surgery connects it to a post. The replacement teeth are then attached individually or in groups. Subperiosteal implants, on the other hand, are frames placed under the gum. After the gums heal, the frame becomes permanently fixed and ready to hold a replacement. Although Endosteal implants are more common, Subperiosteal implants are preferred for people with poor jaw health. • How painful is it to get dental implants? A: As anaesthesia is used during the procedure, there is only mild pain and discomfort while getting dental implants. However, this can vary in patients. • How many years do dental implants last? A: Just like your natural teeth, dental implants can last a lifetime if cared for properly. However, on average, they are known to last anywhere between 10 and 20 years. This is subject to pre-existing conditions like gum disease or improper treatment. Sometimes, the location of the implant also determines its lifespan. • What happens if you don't get dental implants? A: Whether it is the fear of the surgery or budget considerations, people who avoid or delay getting dental implants face further dental issues and even complications during future dental surgeries. • Is a Dental bridge better than an Implant? A: Both, bridges and dental implants are used to replace missing teeth, but each comes with its own pros and cons. A Dental implant can support itself, unlike a bridge which requires the support of adjacent teeth. Dental implants also look more natural and cause little to no change in your existing oral care routine. This means that since a bridge is cemented together, it can make tasks like brushing and flossing inconvenient, whereas an implant needs no extra care. However, bridges require a simple, non-surgical procedure, is less painful and faster to get done compared to implants. • How long does the pain last? A: Typically, the pain doesn’t last beyond ten days and is mostly attributed to swelling and minor bleeding. However, most patients report a reduction in pain and discomfort within the first three days. If the pain continues, it is best to consult your doctor. It is also advisable to consume soft foods during this time to allow the implant site to heal. Dental implants don't always have to be scary. Visit our dental experts to get the right guidance on how to go about your treatment. • How to care for dental implants? A: Maintaining proper oral hygiene by brushing and flossing regularly is essential. Avoid any form of tobacco consumption as it could weaken the state of your mouth. • What happens if you don’t take care of the implants? A: Lack of oral hygiene can lead to a buildup of bacteria around the implants, resulting in infection, decay, bleeding, soreness and discomfort. Implants are vulnerable to all issues that may afflict your teeth, such as cavities. Don't wait to get that pearly white smile. Visit our clinic today and let our experts address all your concerns. • What can happen if you do not replace a missing tooth? A: Besides affecting your physical appearance, avoiding a dental implant procedure leads to gum recession, bone loss around the missing tooth or teeth, and damage to neighbouring teeth. It can cause jaw aches and headaches and difficulty in speaking and chewing. It could also lead to the adjacent teeth shifting position, which can cause them to wear out prematurely. • What happens if you delay getting dental implants? A: Dental implants provide support and structure to the jaw. If you delay getting the procedure, you may need to first get grafting done before inserting the implants, which only lengthens the process making it more expensive and inconvenient. Looking to get Dental Implants? Look no further, as Medcare's team of dental experts have you covered. • Which is the cheaper option? A: A Dental bridge is the cheaper option. However, bridges will need replacing so you will need to estimate the cost of maintenance as well. An Implant, on the other hand, is more permanent. Looking to fix your missing tooth? Visit our clinic today to let our experts guide you to an option suited to your unique needs. Call Doctor Now Book a Maternity Tour
Getting started with Italian 1 Getting started with Italian 1 Free course Getting started with Italian 1 3 Paying for drinks and snacks Described image Figure 3 Uno scontrino (left), Un cartello (right) In many Italian bars and caffès, particularly the more upmarket ones in cities, or in train stations and airports you go to the cash desk (la cassa) first and say what you want. You pay and are given a receipt which you then give to the person serving, repeating your order. In fact, there is often a sign (un cartello) telling you to go the cash desk first, pay the cashier (il cassiere / la cassiera) and get a till receipt (uno scontrino). The sign might say something like Si prega di fare lo scontrino alla cassa (‘Please obtain a receipt [first] from the till’) or simply Si prega di pagare alla cassa (‘Please pay [first] at the till’). Take your learning further Request an Open University prospectus371
HealthHealth1949-4998Scientific Research Publishing10.4236/health.2014.610123Health-44737ArticlesMedicine&Healthcare Superoxide Dismutase: Therapeutic Targets in SOD Related Pathology ilipCristiana1AlbuElena2ZamosteanuNina1Department Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, Iasi, Romania;02042014061097598825 February 201430 March 2014 7 April 2014© Copyright 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. 2014This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). There are growing evidences on the role of adaptive mechanisms of all cell types in pathological processes: atherosclerosis, ischemic attack, bacterial infections, etc. All kinds of these processes involve as main mechanism oxidative stress. Aerobic organisms use oxygen in processes that accidentally or deliberately generate aggressive species for the biologic components in the form of radicals. Radicals were looked initially as “harmful” molecules and this is true for large quantities but in small or even moderate amounts these molecules prove to have a physiological role. Reactive species are highly reactive and as a consequence are short living species. Their impact is supposed to be limited in the proximity area of their formation. Instead recent evidences indicate their implications in cellular signaling suggesting that individual chemical properties of reactive species make a difference in their biological role. This paper presents superoxide, nitric oxide and peroxide radical generation under cellular changing conditions, the adapting behavior of the enzymes that synthesize and remove them as well as some therapeutic target in superoxide related pathology. Superoxide Anion Nitric Oxide Radical Superoxide Dismutase Gene Therapy 1. Introduction Reactive species are produced in living organisms in well establish purpose or by accidental events. These fast acting molecules are suited to produce quick responses (killing invading organisms, promoting vasodilatation) but they also can be damaging to the cells. Thus reactive species are double swords molecules depending on the generated amounts, time of action and the cellular changing conditions. Literature shows that enzymes are able to adapt their behavior in order to keep the “redox homeostasis”. Deficiencies occurring in enzymes belonging to the antioxidant defense alter the adapting capacity of this system. As a consequence different drugs are envisaged to reestablish or to mimic the activity of some antioxidant enzymes. Our paper will focus on free radicals generation, SOD types and activities, as well as SOD therapeutic utilization. 2. Reactive Species Generation A radical (also known as free radical) is highly reactive chemical specie that possesses a single unpaired electron in outer orbitals and is able to independently exist. Radicals are involved in extracting electron from any neighbor molecule in order to complete their own orbitals. Small and fast moving molecules are very efficient in oxidative activity and oxygen and nitrogen are suited to generate reactive species. Beside oxygen and nitrogen transitional metals also have single unpaired electrons in theirs outer orbitals. They don’t behave as free radicals (because in living organisms they are attached to proteins in most cases) but they are able to transfer electron and consequently to generate free radicals. There are two main groups of free radicals: ROS or reactive species of oxygen, RNS or reactive nitrogen species. ROS and RNS can act together damaging cells and causing nitrosative stress. Therefore, these two species are often collectively referred to as ROS/RNS. 3. Superoxide Generation The starting point in reactive oxygen species is superoxide radical generation. Briefly superoxide is generated from oxygen a molecule that has two impaired electron having the same spin in the outer orbital. Getting an electron from no matter what substrate, oxygen becomes a radical, thus very reactive, named superoxide. The structure of oxygen and superoxide is shown in Figure 1. Superoxide can generate in its turn other potent species that can be either radical or non-radical. The path for reactive species generation is shown in Figure 2. Almost all type of cells and intracellular organelles may generate superoxide anion through two different ways: using the enzymatic complexes within any cell or by hazard events that involve radiation, xenobiotics. The reaction of superoxide with non-radicals is spin forbidden. In biological systems, this means superoxide reacts with itself (dismutation) or with another biological radical such as nitric oxide (NO•) or it reacts with a transition-series metal. Several sources for superoxide radical are: 1) the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), 2) cytosolic xanthine and xanthine oxidase (XO), 3) the group of nitric oxide synthetizes (NOS) 4) membrane-associated NADPH oxidase complex (NoX), 5) hemoglobin in erythrocyte and recent added 6) homocysteine. 1) In mitochondria superoxide anions is mainly generated by complex I and III as a by-product. Superoxide is produced in mitochondria by slippage of an electron from the ETC to molecular oxygen during oxidative phosphorylation. In the process of electrons transport chain is considered that only 3% of total oxygen is consumed to generate superoxide radical [1] . Recent data present a method using a redox sensor that is able to catch the mitochondrial superoxide generation in complex I. The method provides new insights into the intimate relationship between mitochondrial energy production and ROS generation and signaling [2] . 2) Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a ubiquitous enzyme involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. It plays a critical role in purine catabolism producing uric acid and hydrogen peroxide thereby contributing to other possible reactive species generation (Figure 2). In this process xanthine oxidase may also generate [3] . The ability of XO to generate has been studied in the context of ischemia—reperfusion injury and heart failure [4] . In addition to that xanthine oxidase can also generate another radical NO• under hypoxic condition. J. O. Lunderg proposes the mechanism of NO• production by xanthine oxidase in ischemia [5] . XO can use as substrate either oxygen, in normal or hyperoxia, and nitrate in hypoxia. In hypoxia XO shifts from oxygen consumption to nitrite consumption. XO-catalyzed nitrite reduction to NO• is greatly enhanced in low oxygen tensions and in acidic conditions such as those seen during ischemia Figure 3. 3) Nitric oxide synthases are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO•) from L-arginine. In human organism there are three enzymes isoforms: nNOS (neuronal NOS or NOS1), iNOS (inducible NOS or NOS2) and eNOS (endothelial NOS or NOS3). The isoform NOS1 is involved in cell communication, NOS3 in vasodilatation and both are constitutive enzymes. NOS 2 is inducible enzyme mainly involved in immune response [6] . Recently it was found that endothelial NOS (eNOS) in “uncoupled situation” may generate depending the availability of its substrates within cell (Figure 4) [7] . The endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity is regulated by a combination of mechanisms that allow eNOS to modulate its activity under physio-pathological condition [8] . eNOS contains 2 enzymatic domains, a flavin-containing reductase and a heme-containing oxygenase domain (Fe3+) connected by a regulatory calmodulin-binding domain. Binding of the Ca2+/calmodulin complex orients the other domains in such a position that NADPH-derived electrons generated on the reductase domain flow to the oxygenase domain [9] . The oxygenase domain of eNOS contains an iron ion (Fe3+) that binds oxygen on reduction Fe2+, and this complex finally causes the conversion of L-arginine to NO• and L-citrulline. This sequence of events properly rules if the cofactor tetrahidrobiopterine (BH4) “provides the connection” between the two domains. Deficiency of arginine or BH4 causes the reductase uncoupling from oxygenase. At the oxygenase domain intermediate Fe2+-O2 complex dissociates to form superoxide and the original Fe3+ group of the eNOS [10] . In this particular situation eNOS function in “uncoupled” way, here from the name “uncoupled eNOS”. Thus eNOS releases instead of NO•. 4) The NADPH oxidase is a membrane-bound enzyme complex. It is made up of six subunits: one of them has GTP-ase activity while the others five have oxidase activity. One of these oxidase subunits is gp91-PHox (recently renamed NOX2) [11] [12] . The subunits enzyme complex can be found in the plasma membrane as well as in the membranes of phagosomes used by neutrophil white blood cells to engulf microorganisms. Over the last decade, many studies have shown that the major source of ROS in the vascular wall is nonphagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase, which utilizes NADH/NADPH as the electron donor to reduce molecular oxygen and to produce. Activation of this enzyme requires the assembly of both cytosolic and membrane bound subunits to form a functional enzyme complex. In the vasculature the NAD(P)H oxidase complex is at least partly pre-assembled, as a significant proportion of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits are co-localized intracellularly in endothelial cells [4] . The general reaction catalyzed by phagocytic/non-phagocytic NADP oxidase is: 5) Molecular oxygen is carried from lung in order to be delivered to tissues and as a consequence it is found, for a short period of time, free, thus unbound. In this state it might be prone to generate reactive species. Oxygen binds to hemoglobin at the ferrous iron. The ferrous state (Fe2+) of iron is a condition for hemoglobin normal function. However a small percent of Fe2+ is slowly converted by O2 to ferric form (Fe3+) in resulting methemoglobin. An enzymatic system, methemoglobin reductase quickly restores Fe3+ to Fe2+ and reduces methemoglobin back to hemoglobin. Binding of oxygen to the iron in the hem is considered not to change the oxidation state of the metal. However oxygenated hem has some of the electronic characteristics of Fe3+-OO peroxide anion [13] . Misra and Fridovich demonstrate that the Fe3+ O2− complex is able to generate superoxide radical [14] during the normal molecular oxygen transport to tissues through the hemoglobin auto-oxidation. Thus hemoglobin auto-oxidation causes superoxide formation within erythrocyte. Other researchers confirm this finding showing that hemoglobin may undergo oxidative reaction in the oxygen releasing process. Balagopalakrishna [15] and coworkers demonstrate that at intermediate oxygen pressure, where hemoglobin partially releases molecular oxygen, the superoxide radical production increases. They show that superoxide radical is released in the hydrophobic hem pocket. The process in slow enough thus the formation of superoxide was followed for more than 15 min, and thus detected by low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance technique. 6) It was proved that homocysteine generates superoxide radicals thus promoting vasoconstriction. Lang et al. demonstrates [16] that the inhibitory effect of homocysteine on endothelium-dependent relaxation is caused by an increase of the intracellular levels of in the endothelial cell and provide a possible mechanism for the endothelial dysfunction associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. Intriguing new data put into a different light the superoxide anion. Pacher [17] shows that superoxide acts as a mild reducing agent under physiological conditions taking into account that its reduction potential is about −0.1 V at physiological oxygen concentrations. The limited chemical reactivity of superoxide is supported by that fact that in biological environment its reaction with non-radicals is spin forbidden. As a consequence a more potent oxidant generated by superoxide was proposed in the form of hydroxyl radical non-enzymatic formation. Concentration of hydroxyl generation can’t be significantly high because of three reasonable doubts: first superoxide radical the major hydroxyl precursor (via hydrogen peroxide) is quickly removed by superoxide dismutase in normal cell, second generating hydroxyl Haber-Wiesse reaction (the reaction of iron with hydrogen peroxide) tends to have rather slow rate constants and third hydroxyl radical is so reactive that it will react with virtually every biological molecule within a very short diffusion distance. As a consequence the biological relevance of hydroxyl radical is limited and controversial in cellular toxicity [18] . As a conclusion another entity in the form of peroxynitrite was envisaged and added to reactive species starting from the above considerations. 4. NO Generation A short inside in nitric oxide (NO•) generation is needed because it is linked to the other reactive species and to the activity of the enzymes operating with some of these radicals as also. Nitrogen compounds found in the body comes from exogenous sources as nitrites/nitrates or from endogen production of nitric oxide. The group of nitrogen derivatives includes: • NO• nitric oxide a natural free radical also named nitrogen monoxide is involved in vasodilatation in mammals; it is lipophilic and diffuses rapidly through membranes [19] . • NO2− nitrogen dioxide or nitrite. In organism is found in its corresponding salts nitrites (from nitrous acid HNO2). • NO3− nitrate (from nitric acid HNO3) also found in the body in corresponding salts. Nitrogen derivatives convert into each other forward and backward continuously under shifting conditions within cells (Figure 5). Nitric oxide structure is presented in Figure 6, is a colorless gas with low solubility in water. Its hydrophobicity and, in consequence, its high diffusion rate in biological systems allows the molecule to reach the targets before degradation [20] . NO• is a messenger in many physiological processes: endothelial relaxation of the smooth muscle, inhibition of platelet aggregation, neurotransmission and cytotoxicity. NO• can be generated by NOS synthetizes group of enzymes in physiological conditions but also in particular cell conditions as hypoxia [5] by xanthine oxidase (Figure 3). Reactions of nitric oxide differ between in vitro and in vivo systems. In vitro systems, the main degradation product of nitric oxide is NO2− (nitrite). In vivo nitric oxide can interact with other radicals or compounds. The main reactions of physiological relevance for nitric oxide are with: superoxide resulting ONOO (peroxynitrite), himself resulting N2O3 (dinitrogen trioxide), hydroxyl resulting nitrites (from nitrous acid HNO2), and hemoglobin resulting methemoglobin and NO3− (nitrate) (Figure 7). NO• reacts in a fast way with superoxide, generating toxic peroxynitrite (ONOO) a powerful nitrating agent. Peroxynitrite reacts in its turn with amino acids in proteins resulting nitrosothiols and nitrosamines, these products being considered an evidence for an intense oxidative stress. This type of stress is known as nitrosative stress. Nitrosylated proteins were found in many pathologic and signaling processes as well. Intriguing new data reveal adaptive behavior in superoxide generation for mitochondria, eNOS and XO enzymes. The main site of reactive oxygen species production is well known to be complex I and III in electron transport in mitochondria, in well oxygenated state, as electron from the ETC slip to molecular oxygen during oxidative phosphorylation. But recent studies demonstrate that endothelium cells surprisingly produce ROS under hypoxia also. The paradoxically increase in ROS production under low oxygenation is still not fully understood but it is considered that reactive oxygen species released during hypoxia act as signaling agents that trigger erythropoietin, vascular endothelial growth factor and glycolytic enzymes. Systemically, these responses enhance the delivery of O2 to cells and facilitate the production of glycolytic ATP instead of mitochondrion production. Induction of these genes is mediated by “specialized” hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) [21] . As a conclusion when mitochondrion “senses” hypoxia it releases ROS as signaling molecules that activate diverse functional responses, including activation of gene expression that promote cell survival [2] . Wei and Dirksen indicates that the production of low to moderate levels of ROS/RNS and the frequency of production dictated by the particular cellular context and metabolic state is critical for the proper regulation of many essential cellular processes including gene expression and signal transduction [22] . Stroes et al. demonstrate [23] [24] an intriguing activity for eNOS only, the simultaneous generation of both NO• and superoxide, even in the presence of BH4 and L-arginine, under physiological conditions, thereby not in “uncoupled state”. The consequence is the production of peroxynitrite by eNOS (Figure 7) a highly reactive molecule. Peroxynitrite anion (ONOO) is a reactive species of increasingly recognized biological relevance that contributes to oxidative tissue damage. Recent research indicates [25] that peroxynitrite is able to cross the erythrocyte membrane and also other cells membrane by two different mechanisms: in the anionic form through the anion exchange channel, and in the protonated form by passive diffusion and thus influencing cell adaptive response. These findings come into contradiction with previous presented data that sustained generation is possible only in uncoupled eNOS state [10] . The balance between substrate supply (arginine, tetrahidrobiopterine (BH4), nitrite/nitrate) and tissue oxygenation may determine whether the net effects of the combined activity of the above mentioned enzymes are beneficial or harmful in a particular situation. Thus, the dominating species generated could be NO•, oxygen radicals, or their reaction products. 5. Superoxide Dismutase Superoxide dismutase (SOD) represents a group of enzymes that use as cofactor copper and zinc, or manganese, iron, or nickel ions. There are three major families of superoxide dismutase, depending on the metal cofactor: Cu/Zn (which binds both copper and zinc), Fe and Mn types (which bind either iron or manganese), and the Ni type, which binds nickel (only in prokaryotes). SOD1 is located in the cytoplasm, SOD2 in the mitochondria, and SOD3 is extracellular. The first is a dimer (consists of two units), whereas the others are tetramers (four subunits). SOD1 and SOD3 contain copper and zinc, whereas SOD2, the mitochondrial enzyme, has manganese in its reactive site. 5.1. Superoxide Dismutase Activity Superoxide dismutase remove by catalyzing its dismutation, one is being oxidized to O2 and another is reduced to H2O2 (Figure 8). In other words one radical loses its electron and the other gains an extra-electron, in “unequal and disproportioned” way. The disproportion is accomplished by Fe-, Mnand Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutases (SODs) in two steps, which are both first-order with respect to. The dismutation of superoxide by SOD is very efficient having the largest kcat/KM (an approximation of catalytic efficiency) of any known enzyme (~7 × 109 M−1·s−1) [8] . SOD catalyst activity is limited only by the frequency of collision with superoxide. That means the reaction rate is limited only by the diffusion of superoxid radical. Diffusion limitation becomes canceled in radicals over production. The mechanism of reaction in presented in well-argued reference [26] which explains how this group of enzymes can at neutral pH to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between two anions. The dismutation reaction takes place in two steps in a Ping-Pong mechanism [27] . In the first step the ion metal is reduced by a first which loses its electron and is converted to molecular oxygen. In this first step the net positive charge of ion metal (Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn3+, Fe3+) facilitates the binding (at neutral pH, HO2• ↔ + H+ has a pK of 4.5), thus this first step requires only substrate binding and electron transfer, and so it is very favorable. In the second step the electron taken from must be “mutated” (in order to restore the initial oxidation state of metal ion) on a second. By supplying even only one of the protons required for formation of H2O2, the enzyme can greatly promote and accelerate reduction of the second. The proton aid is necessary (for binding/reduction) because the reduced metal ion itself is less positively charged (Cu+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe2+) and less disposed to coordinate another. Thus, the favorable first half-reaction is coupled to uptake of one proton, which in turn can facilitate second binding and subsequent reduction. Proton uptake coupled to metal ion reduction was demonstrated in the basic paper of Bull and Fee [28] and in more recent studies [29] [30] . The dismutation of superoxide radical is accompanied by H2O2 generation a non-radical product. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is lipid soluble and as a consequence it can diffuse through lipid membranes. It has a longer biological life span than thus being able of activating different signaling pathways [4] . The products of superoxide dismutation, i.e. hydrogen peroxide and oxygen, may also play direct signaling roles in the intracellular milieu as well [31] . Recent data consider that another physiological “task” of SOD activity is the inhibition of oxidative inactivation of nitric oxide, and preventing also peroxynitrite formation (Figure 9) [32] and dysfunction of mitochondrion and endothelium [33] . 5.2. Superoxide Dismutase Types5.2.1. SOD 1 The intracellular copper, zinc dependent superoxide dismutase play an important role in protecting components within many compartments of eukaryotic cells against. Our team had studied the activity of intra-erythro- cyte SOD in three type of pathologic condition, experimentally induced in rats: diabetes (alloxan induced), hyperhomocysteinemia (induced by methionine loading) and chronic induced stress (by reversing normal daynight cycle). We have published data regarding superoxide dismutase activity in hyperhomocysteinemia experimentally induced in rats where we found a positive association of SOD activity with homocysteine levels, in red blood cells lysate [34] . In the induced diabetes and chronic stress SOD activity was found higher than control groups but lower when compared to SOD activity in hyperhomocysteine induced model (unpublished data). This data suggests a higher oxidative potential in hyperhomocystemia. 5.2.2. SOD2 In contrast to SOD1, the manganese containing SOD2 in mitochondria plays an essential role in oxidative stress protection. Complete loss of the enzyme results in neonatal lethality in mice [35] and is also critical for growth and viability of other eukaryotic organisms [36] . Mn-SOD can be inactivated by oxidative and nitrosative stress as well. Nitration of a single tyrosine residue (Tyr-34) leads to complete enzyme inactivation [37] , with the possible consequence to favor peroxynitrite generation in mitochondrion. Nitration-induced Mn-SOD inactivation was linked to ischemia/reperfusion, inflammation, and in human kidney allograft rejection and human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [38] , tyrosine nitration being identified in more than 50 human diseases. 5.2.3. SOD3 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD or SOD3) is localized in extracellular fluids such as lymph, synovial fluid, and plasma [39] . ECSOD is highly expressed in blood vessels, particularly arterial walls, and is the predominant form of SOD in the aortas of humans [40] . Extracellular superoxide dismutase is synthesized in vascular smooth muscle cells and secreted into the extracellular environment where it binds to endothelial surface components [41] . Its activity keeps in control superoxide level in order to prevent nitric oxide inactivation in the vasculature region [42] . Recent evidence shows that plasma ECSOD presents three distinct domains (when subjected to chromatography): domain A (with no heparin affinity), domain B (with weak heparin affinity), and domain C (with strong heparin affinity) [43] [44] . These findings suggest that C domain anchors the protein to the endothelial cell surfaces and the extracellular matrix of blood vessels. The major portion of ECSOD in the vasculature primarily exists in the extracellular matrix and, to a lesser extent, on endothelial cell surfaces linked to heparan sulfate proteoglycans, but a small fraction of ECSOD exists in equilibrium between cell surfaces/matrix and plasma [40] . The hypotheses about ECSOD binding and/or releasing from endothelium surface is thoroughly presented in [45] . Taking into account ECSOD localization it is not surprising that ECSOD deficiency is linked to many pathological processes related to vascular injury: hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and ischemia/reperfusion. Many studies notice the extracellular SOD deficiency is involved in hypertension and atherosclerosis [46] [47] . Surprisingly genetic deletion of ECSOD had not consequences as severe as mitochondrial SOD deletion (which causes neonatal lethality in mice) and there was found no significant effect on the size of the aortic lesion generated in response to a pro-atherosclerotic diet [48] . Hypertension onset in diabetes may be induced by the loss of ECSOD from the vasculature ECSOD. In diabetes high levels of glucose trigger the non-enzymatic glycosylation of ECSOD. This cleaves heparin-binding domain leading to the loss of linked ECSOD from endothelium and a decrease in ECSOD capacity of scavenging. As a consequence available NO• diminishes due to superoxide-mediated inactivation of nitric oxide and vasoconstriction installs [49] . Homocysteine is the late added cardiovascular risk factor and is supposed to have an influence on ECSOD activity. Indeed a positive correlation between levels of total plasma homocysteine and plasma ECSOD was found [50] . Literature present three possible mechanisms for homocysteine influence on ECSOD: first homocysteine auto-oxidation generates superoxide and/or peroxynitrite that may up-regulate ECSOD expression in the vasculature. A second mechanism considers that homocysteine alters the binding domain C (heparin high affinity) and thus ECSOD binds to endothelial cells [51] . The third mechanism considers that homocysteine alters disulfide bond formation/glycosylation of ECSOD and as a consequence it alters the proper assembling and secretion of ECSOD from endoplasmic reticulum [52] . 6. Reactive Species in Cellular Signaling Radicals were looked initially as “harmful” molecules and this is true for large quantities but in small or even moderate amounts these molecule prove to have physiological role. Reactive species are highly reactive and as a consequence are short living species. Theirs impact is supposed to be limited in the proximity area of their formation. Instead recent evidences indicate their implications in cellular signaling suggesting that individual chemical properties of reactive species make difference in their biological role [53] . Signal transduction pathways use cascades of protein and lipid kinase mediated phosphorylation to elicit specific responses to distinct extracellular stimuli. This chain put into contact the extracellular and intracellular environment. I this chain transduction the most closed to the membrane is a class of proteins named mitogen-activated protein kinases (generally noted MAPK 1-4 upon the location in the cascade, MAPK4 or MAPKKKK being the upper in the hierarchy). These proteins are activated by the growth factor receptors, small G proteins (Ras, Rac, Cdc42) situated in the upstream of the cascade [54] . In the downstream of the cascade are MAPK1s which target different proteins as well as transcription factors, whose activation regulates almost all critical cellular function (proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory genes expression). MAPK1s is a group of proteins that contains three main classes of regulatory proteins: ERK (extracellular-signaling regulating kinase, ERK1 and ERK2), JNK (SAPK/JNKs or stress—activated protein kinase/ JUN amino-terminal kinases) and p38k (α, β, γ, δ). These proteins are all activated by a dual phosphorylation at a specific site by the protein kinase cascade (MAPK 4/MAPK 3/MAPK 2) [55] . Being highly reactive ROS can intercept cell signaling pathways within any successive steps in cascade events modulating the functions of many enzymes and transcription factors. Oxidative stress triggers cellular response by activating/inhibiting many signaling pathways (Figure 10). More details about the cellular response in ROS and other radical and non-radicals species attack in oxidative events can be found in [53] [56] -[60] . As a general conclusion, the superoxide dismutase acts for preventing reactive species accumulation. Lack of this enzyme means the shortening of lifespan. In this case medication is supposed to use antioxidant supplementation or SOD activity mimics compounds. On the opposite way super-expression/-activation of this enzyme may lead to supplementary reactive species that damage tissues. In this case medication must use inhibitory competitive drugs in order to restore oxidation-reducing balance. 7. Therapeutic Targets in SOD Related Pathology7.1. Gene Therapy One of the most important clinical contexts in which SOD antioxidant protection represents the main mechanism is renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ischemia and reperfusion leads not only to an increase in superoxide production, but also to a rapid depletion of SOD. Therefore, ensuring the necessary amount of SOD to combat the superoxide radical byproduct of ischemia-reperfusion processes should be done from an external source. Exogenous SOD administration has a short half-life in plasma. The entering SOD gene in renal tissue is a way to ensure a continuous production of SOD to achieve protection from renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this regard, during experiments on animal models the effective gene delivery was established by intravenous injection of the gene vectors before the ischemic insult without toxic side effects. The use of adenovirus as a vector for kidney-directed gene therapy has made significant progress in the area of kidney biology, in particular in hereditary kidney disease and inflammatory and fibrotic disease [61] . Adenoviral vectors has some advantages which make them suitable for gene transfer into complex organs such as the kidney, it realize high titers and high expression of the transgene, it can infect both dividing and non-dividing cells and delivering genes into quiescent or terminally differentiated cells. Adenoviral vectors also have disadvantages: the expression of the transfected gene is limited to weeks or months because the adenovirus does not integrate into the host genome, the adenovirus can elicit immunological responses, therefore, the vector cannot be administered repeatedly. The indication of SOD gene therapy with adenoviral vector is recommended during emergency situations, with harmful effects maximum within a week (e.g., post-transplant acute renal failure) and in other inflammatory renal disease states. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by death of motor neurons leading to muscle wasting, paralysis, and death, usually within 2 - 3 years of symptom onset. The oxidative stress is a central mechanism by which motor neuron death occurs in familial ALS and this is due to the mutations in the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1). The most effective therapeutic effects in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ; mouse models have been obtained with the delivery of viral vectors to mediate expression of either growth factors such IGF-1, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, and VEGF (11-13) or RNAi molecules to silence SOD1 mutant gene expression [62] . 7.2. Therapy of Enhanced Efficiency of Superoxide Dismutase-Induced Cardioprotection It has been reported that combined administration of SOD and catalase effectively reduces myocardial reperfusion injury [63] . In this case, coadministration of catalase may further enhance the cardioprotective effect of retrograde intracoronary infusion of SOD. It is known that Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitors, calcium antagonists, renin-angiotensin system antagonists, adenosine and nitric oxide donors provides cardioprotection during primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction [64] . The efficiency of these reagents has enhanced when they were administrated using intracoronary infusion. Anterograde intracoronary and intravenous administration of anti-P-selectin and anti-intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 antibodies are also known to attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury [65] . Retrograde intracoronary infusion, which has direct access to postcapillary venules, may be the ideal injection route for these antibodies. 7.3. Immunotherapy in Treatment of SOD1 Gene Mutation Disease In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) the toxicity of the proteins coded by mutant SOD1 gene leads to death of neurons. Using an antibody specific for mutant SOD1, such as the C4F6 monoclonal antibody, it can be neutralized or eliminated the toxicity of SOD1 species without affecting the WT SOD1 which in term confers benefits [66] . 8. Conclusion It is generally accepted that free radicals are involved in pathological processes. The main damaging mechanism relies on the higher concentrations of reactive species that finally injures all cellular constituents. The lack or dysfunctions in the antioxidant enzymes lead to the shortening of the lifespan. As a consequence restoring the normal function of the antioxidant enzymes and SOD also must be the first therapeutic approach. NOTESReferencesVijayvergiya, C., Beal, M.F., Buck, J. and Manfredi, G. 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