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Entrepreneurship: Why we need to teach it to our kids Ever wonder what Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, Richard Branson, and Larry Ellison have in common? They’ve all dropped out of high school or university to make their entrepreneurship dreams come true. Sure, it’s a risky move, but it seems to have paid off, right? As parents, we want to encourage our kids to play to their strengths. And we want to help them develop into successful, well-rounded adults who are equipped with everything they need to live long and happy lives. But we don’t necessarily want them to quit school to learn what they need to learn. And that’s why Money Savvy Kids was started… To educate young children on what money is and how to work with it – so they don’t have to learn the hard way. After all, entrepreneurship is on the rise, both in South Africa and internationally. More often we’re hearing about the gig economy (where people will not be employed full-time but will work on different projects that require their skills as the need arises) and freelancing. Not to mention the intimidating report released by the World Health Organisation predicting that as much of 60% of the jobs our children will hold in future don’t even exist yet. This also highlights the need for new solutions through entrepreneurship. Even our deputy president, Cyril Ramaphosa, recently stressed how important it is that we teach children about entrepreneurship, as it’s one of the sectors with the most growth and promise. As parents, we all had algebra (for example) as a subject while we were in school, yet we hardly use it now. Imagine if the schooling system taught us to do our taxes instead. Now that’s a life skill we would actually use! Don’t we as parents owe it to our children to equip them with entrepreneurship skills and enrol them in programmes like Money Savvy Kids and fast track them to success? Traditional banking vs Digital banking Money Savvy Kids is a financial educational curriculum that is set to educate children and parents about financial matters and financial management. Banking is one of the methods used to manage your money, monitor your spending habits and keep your money safe. The thought of Opening a bank account using the old, traditional way of having to physically go into the bank, can be a bit of a daunting experience. One has to stand in long queues and carry a load of documents needed to open the bank account in question. Since everything was done manually and no technologically advanced software available at the time. Thanks to the changes in the past few years, technology and new innovations has changed the future of banking operations making it easy, fast and stress free to open a bank account. Opening a bank account is as easy as opening oneâ€™s laptop and do the entire process online. Although known to be a safe and trusted method for many years, Traditional banking has an array of disadvantages. The standard operating hours, 8am -4pm on weekends and 9am â€“ 1pm on Saturdays, mean Consumers have limited access to the bank and are restricted to do banking activities when its more convenient for them. Additionally, when the time does allow for the consumers to visit the bank, standing in queues, sitting inside the bank waiting for bank advisers for assistance, making larger money withdrawals, or transferring money from one account to another as some banks have limited ATM access is not an ideal way for one to spend their Saturday morning. Additionally, the cost of going into the bank to do basic transactions like printing statements comes at a cost. Fortunately, thanks to The digital and mobile technology banks have to offer such as cell phone banking, web and phone applications, online banking website, utilizing their services without having to go to the bank and spending hours standing in long queues has become as easy and effortless which literally requires a laptop or a cellphone with internet connection and an internet connection. Digital banking has changed all of that, opening a banking account has been made so easy that you can do it at anytime, anywhere and stress free at the comfort of your own home. Itâ€™s also has many benefits that will assist you and save you not only money but time as well. There are many benefits of using digital banking methods because there is no more rushing to the bank over lunch time or Saturday morning to do all your banking needs like making a deposits or making a withdrawal. With digital banking it is possible to do everything online from simple transactions to complicated transactions such as applying for a mortgage or deleting a debit order. Digital banking has improved access and ease of availability of banking services to customers. The comfort of round-the-clock banking has definitely made life much easier and productive. Technology is a great enabler, making banking more accessible and reducing costs for consumers. The advantage of technical developments, has changed the banking industry in a big way. it allows you to conduct various transactions using the bank’s website and offers several advantages like: Core Banking, Internet Banking, Mobile Banking, ATM online transfer services, Online and mobile banking is simple to open and easily accessible at any time of the day, week or month. it is convenientÂ as you can easily pay your bills, transfer funds between accounts, 24/7 access to make any type of transactions you want to make, having unlimited access to your mobile banking makes it easy to track what is happening with your accounts. This shows that times have changed and the evolution in the banking industry will someday result in having branchless banking in the future. Stokvels as a Saving Method MoneySavvyKids is a financial educational curriculum that is set to educate children and parents about saving, spend, tax and Budgeting and many more saving and investing methods. Stokvels is one of the oldest saving method used by people as a means of saving money. There are many Stokvels associations in South Africa that you could join in order to save and invest money. Stokvels are seen as a traditional way to save as it is safe and has been around for many years. The name â€œstokvelâ€ comes from the term â€œstock fairsâ€, as the rotating cattle auctions of English settlers in theÂ Eastern CapeÂ during the early 19th century were known. StokvelsÂ are request of only twelve or more people per club functioning as a rotatingÂ credit unionsÂ or saving system inÂ South Africa. Members contribute fixed amount of money to a central fund on a weekly, fortnightly or monthly basis. Stokvels usually have aÂ constitutionÂ which dictates the size of the contributions, when the accumulated money is to be paid out and the roles and responsibilities of the members. Each month a different member of the club receives the money in the fund, which was collected during that period. Defaults on contribution are very rare as other members will know if one person havenâ€™t paid your contribution, and also because there are regular meetings held as they are a reminder of what you will gain when it is your turn. Depending on the type of stokvels, the members can use the collected fund for their own use, for payment or investment purposes. These take different forms depending on the purpose of the scheme… ranging from burial stokvels, savings/money stokvels, grocery stokvels to investment stokvels to birthday celebration stokvels. Burial stokvels have higher membership and are highly concentrated competed to the other stokvels according to stats. It is estimated that one in every two adults in South Africans is a member of at least one of 89 000 stokvels or investment system. Black adult South Africans invest approximately R12 billion in stokvels a year. â€˜â€™Stokvels are a strong market in the area of traditional collective saving, and are estimated to be worth R25Â billion. There are 8.6Â million stokvel members in South Africa which represents 23% of the adult population and an estimated 421 000 stokvels in total.â€ This is according to African Response’s latest survey on the status and market potential of stokvels. Contact Person: Name: Kathryn Main Position: Managing Director Email address: kathryn@mainmultimedia.co.za Phone: +27 (0)79 3700 601 Teaching through entertainment: Gamification Gamification originated as a marketing tool as a means to get people to enjoyably and creatively engage with a brand or product. This technique proved so successful that it has carried over into the world of education. The core of gamification is the way in which users are engaged to solve problems by means of the game mechanics. Now, itâ€™s not to say that itâ€™s all about the game and playing it. Itâ€™s more about applying oneâ€™s knowledge and understanding in a real-world situation. Furthermore, when one is enjoying something that is mentally stimulating, the brain releases dopamine, which is a naturally occurring endorphin linked to enjoyment. When this is experienced during a learning process, the likelihood of the information being understood, retained and recalled is increased across the board. As a rule of thumb, those who use gamification as a tool for education, there are a few check boxes that should be ticked in order to full entrench the platform as well as the message. These include: • Creativity and an interesting concept • Mechanics that reward the user, such as badges, leaderboards, etc • Game currencies which are used to improve the overall gameplay itself By engaging users in a manner that excites, challenges and rewards, gamification is the best way to get users to learn, without feeling like theyâ€™re going through the (sometimes laborious) process of learning. Why are we in such debt? The internet loves making lists of things, from top 10 beaches you have to see, to the top 10 restaurants in your area. So itâ€™s no surprise that thereâ€™s a list of the top 10 reasons why people fall into debt. Some are fairly obvious, some are a little more excusable and one is absolutely ridiculous. Bankrate.comâ€™s list of the top 10 leading reasons for debt starts off with reduced income/savings. That stands to reason. Next up is divorce, followed by an important one, namely poor money management. The list goes on through unemployment, gambling, medical expenses, saving too little, no money-communication skills, banking on a windfall and finally, yes â€“ FINALLY â€“ financial literacy. Itâ€™s no wonder that as South Africans, 70% of adults are in debt when â€˜financial literacyâ€™ comes in at number 10. It begs the question, if financial literacy was at the top of the list, would there be a list at all? There are glaring inadequacies in the education system, from junior school right the way through to tertiary education that does not include any sort of formal financial literacy. The lynch pin of education is that, when done correctly, can eradicate an abundance of unnecessary shortfalls when education is lacking. There is no use in trying to solve our financial problems if we donâ€™t understand finances in the first place. Our lack of financial literacy in this country breeds a society that is constantly playing catch up with their finances and, worse still, putting out fires constantly. Until we see a shift in paradigm that sees financial literacy (or lack thereof) as the number one cause for debt and financial instability, weâ€™ll spend our lives reading about the top 10 beaches to visit, as opposed to going to see them for ourselves as a result of our financial instability.
Humans today are leading a more sedentary lifestyle, consuming the typical urbanised diet rich in refined sugars and processed foods. Our lifestyle choices have led to an obesity epidemic, that is causing the dramatic rise in insulin resistance and type II diabetes. Furthermore, it appears that animals, domestic and wild, are also at risk of developing diabetes. Click below to learn more about insulin resistance and diabetes. In all mammals, glucose is a very important fuel to produce energy. The normal blood glucose range in humans should be between 4.5 and 5.5 mmol/l. A key regulator of blood glucose concentrations is the hormone insulin, secreted by the pancreas. Various organs in the body, such as the brain, rely on a constant supply of glucose, with mechanisms in place to ensure a constant supply. In a fasted state, the liver can make glucose from a process called gluconeogenesis and release it into the blood stream. Eating carbohydrate (e.g. the sugar in your tea, starchy foods) is another means of replenishing glucose. However, this eating of carbohydrate results in a major spike in blood glucose levels, and it is this high level of glucose that can cause problems. Thus, the pancreas secretes insulin that allows tissues, especially fat and skeletal muscle, to rapidly take up the excess glucose, resulting in blood glucose concentrations returning to normal. To effectively lower blood glucose, insulin needs to bind to insulin receptors located on the outside membrane of fat and skeletal muscle cells. Once bound, it signals for these tissues to start taking up the glucose into the cells. The term insulin resistance means that the hormone insulin is not effective enough to lower blood glucose. This is not from low insulin concentrations, but rather that some of the insulin receptors located on the membranes of the cells, does not work anymore. The result is that it takes longer for the blood glucose levels to return to normal, which can have other negative effects on the body. The primary reason for the insulin receptor destruction is frequently high concentrations of blood glucose. In other words, eating too frequently during the day and too much of certain foods can lead to insulin resistance. There are various degrees of insulin resistance and the good news is that it can be reversed. On the other hand, if there is no intervention, the pancreas cells that produce the insulin, starts to fail, eventually leading to no insulin secretion. This latter is called type II diabetes. This is a definite YES. Interestingly, the incidence of overweight and obesity has similarly infiltrated the animal kingdom – from domestic pets to wild animals in zoos, those in sanctuaries or those roaming around freely. A major contributing factor to this rise in overweight animals is that their nutritional needs are poorly understood. This lack in knowledge may therefore lead to the overfeeding of animals in captivity with devastating consequences. Some animals are very smart in finding palatable foods (e.g. racoons and non-human primates such as baboons and monkeys). Once they find a source of tasty food (e.g. breads, biscuits, sugar, etc.) they often become addicted and sow havoc in urban areas – to no fault of themselves. However, very little is known whether overfeeding may lead to diseases similar to that observed in humans. The MyoLab is currently using innovative techniques to study obesity and insulin resistance in various animals species to help understand how this disease comes about, and how it may be cured.
What Deep Learning Shares With Little Kids Deep learning offers a new interpretation of child development. Posted Oct 04, 2018 I was standing around at the Turing Institute in London recently and overheard someone say, "It's starting to smell a lot like algorithms in here." That was definitely true. The Turing Institute is fragrant with algorithms. Part of the freshness of that smell is that deep neural networks, a kind of computing system inspired by the workings of the brain, are changing the way we think about learning. Some of their tricks are not that different from what psychologists have been describing for years. But that's actually good because the world through the eyes of the algorithm is just familiar enough that old ideas start to make sense in new ways. Take the "gavagai problem," which has been around for years among philosophers and developmental psychologists. Suppose you're traveling abroad and come upon a group of people who speak a language you've never heard of. One points to a cornfield and yells, "semomo!" You look. There's corn. There's a road. There's some livestock. There's a tractor. What the heck does 'semomo' mean? Now suppose a little later someone offers you a stick with some fried meat on the end. As they hand it to you they say, "semomo." You're starting to get the picture now. Semomo perhaps means some kind of animal, maybe some of the livestock you saw in the field. Maybe the sheep. Child developmental researchers like this problem because it characterizes the kind of problem children must have when they start to learn language. They call the kind of learning needed to solve this problem cross-situational learning. The idea is that by hearing the same word in different contexts, one eventually establishes what the word refers to. If someone says semomo and there's no sheep around, you should start to get suspicious. Cross-situational learning is also a kind of statistical learning. All that is required to learn in an environment like this is to keep track of the statistics between things in the environment and, in this case, the words used to describe them. The brain basically solves an accounting problem. No innate language learning mechanisms are required. Deep learning algorithms appear to learn information in much the same way. A prominent theory that is seeing some pickup lately is called the information bottleneck theory. (Naftali Tishby is one of the most vocal proponents of the theory and he describes it well in his YouTube video.) The basic idea is that if you are trying to create a mapping between two objects, like the word semomo and sheep, then what an optimal algorithm needs is a way to determine what is relevant about all the situations that contain sheep. Relevant in this case means they still predict the word semomo. Though the algorithm doesn't know it at first, through a process of filtering out the unwanted information, it eventually figures out that semomo means sheep, not field, corn, or blue sky. This is an advance on information theory as initially developed by Claude Shannon. Shannon did not include anything about semantics or coherence in his formulation of information. His main contribution was the reduction of information to 0s and 1s and the mathematical formulation for figuring out how much information a message has. This forms the basis of modern computing but it doesn't exactly solve the gavagai problem. Tishby, along with his collaborators Noga Zaslavsky and Ravid Shwartz-Ziv, describe what deep neural networks do as a process of fitting followed by compression. During the fitting phase, the network learns to label training data (such as data from a series of images). During compression the network attempts to label new data and uses this to improve its performance. (Their advance was to mathematically derive the optimal limit for compression in a deep neural network and then to experimentally verify that this is exactly what such networks do.) Children do this as well. Children are excellent at learning that a word like 'horse' is the right word for the horse picture in their animal book. Then they proceed to use this word to label all four-legged animals, dogs, cats, cows, and so on. This is called overgeneralization. Over time though, the children learn that 'horse' has a more specific meaning. This sounds a lot like Tishby's compression phase. So learning in deep neural networks shares at least a few things with the way children learn. It probably shares a lot of things, and it's probably not just children it shares them with. Adults often overgeneralize as they learn what a new concept means. They learn some words like 'cognitive dissonance,' and they start to see it everywhere, whether it's there or not. Overgeneralizing bad theories is precisely what good scientists try to do. As Feynman put it, "Science is the belief in the ignorance of experts." That quote feels a little dangerous right now, but suffice it to say that scientists are experts at correcting their errors. And they do this by purposefully making them. The strength of deep neural networks is that they seem to be able to learn from their mistakes a lot faster than humans can. Thomas Hills on Twitter Shwartz-Ziv, R., & Tishby, N. (2017). Opening the black box of deep neural networks via information. arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.00810.
Turning a Cooling Pond into Wetlands Turning a Cooling Pond into Wetlands Turning a Cooling Pond into Wetlands “I always enjoy, and benefit from, hiring co-op students. They bring a fresh and unique perspective to each environmental engineering project. Paige Kimble, a biosystem engineering student at Clemson University, is our co-op employee and guest blogger. She has been providing support for a Santee Cooper wetland conversion project in Conway, South Carolina.” Professional Engineer Susan Jackson, manager of Santee Cooper’s waste management department. In addition to covering some of the benefits wetlands provide in a previous blog, it is obvious why we would want to preserve as many natural areas as we can: beauty, survival of native plants and animals, and less opportunity for invasive species, to name just a few. What may not be obvious is how to return what once was an industrial cooling pond, such as Lake Busbee, back to a natural environment. What does it take to turn a cooling pond into wetlands again? The approach depends on what the environment started off as and what the area was developed into. The Lake Busbee area was originally a wetland near the Waccamaw River. As a cooling pond, Busbee was an integral part of the infrastructure at Santee Cooper’s now decommissioned Grainger Generating Station. The first step was to test the water and sediment in the pond. Analytical test results were evaluated and compared to the natural background levels in the area, confirming it would not be a risk to humans, animals or plants. The second step was to drain the industrial pond. Large pumps moved water out of the pond, back to the river it originally came from. Natural evaporation eliminated additional water, leaving large areas of relatively dry land that could be planted. A lower water level was, and continues to be, important because the third step is to introduce young, native plant species to the area. For Busbee, we planted tupelo, cypress and various oak tree seedlings, and we spread seeds. If left on its own without our plantings, this pond would eventually grow native species and return to wetlands. However, we hope introducing these plants now will speed up Busbee’s return to wetlands while reducing the threat of invasive species. The fourth, final, and arguably most important step, is to allow nature to grow and reclaim this piece of land. Wetlands are an iconic feature of the Southeast and it is Santee Cooper’s honor to help restore this area. Author Susan Jackson Susan Jackson She has more than 28 years of experience at Santee.
Writing Questions That Spark Discussion Eight helpful tips for those who write their own studies Note: This article has been excerpted from the SmallGroups.com training resource called How to Prepare for a Bible Study. Knowing how to ask good questions is one of the key elements of a successful small group. Questions are what transform a small-group lesson from a lecture into an interactive setting—which should be our goal as group leaders. Below are a few guidelines for writing and asking good questions. I began to think about this subject a number of years ago as a result of reading Karen Lee-Thorp's book How to Ask Great Questions. The book inspired several of the ideas below, and is still a helpful addition to any small-group leader's library. 1. Good Questions Create a Conversation And they create those conversations without putting anyone in the spot. You don't want our small-group members to feel like they are in school, taking a test. You also don't want a scenario where you are the learned teacher asking all the questions, and the group members are under pressure to know the answers you expect from them. That is not a healthy learning situation. In contrast, some of the best discussion questions solicit input from everyone present. The best example of this is to ask people what they think. There is no wrong answer to the question, "What do you think?" "What do you think Jesus means when He says, 'Sell your possessions?' Was He talking to you and me? What's your opinion?" Of course, as a leader, you will sometimes know what the Bible actually teaches about this—you're not supposed to be void of knowledge or opinions. But you want to gently steer the group toward the answer Jesus gives. Allowing people to discuss questions and process the answers themselves improves their rate of retention. It's also a good idea to remember that your knowledge or opinion may not represent the full scope of a passage or verse. 2. Good Questions Focus on One Thing Make sure your questions are focused and clear. Here's a poor example of how to address a topic: "What did Jesus mean by 'You are the Light of the world,' how did his disciples respond, and how should we today respond to this statement?" Instead, break those questions down to make them more clear and focused: • What did Jesus mean by "You are the light of the world?" • How did Jesus' disciples respond to his announcement about being the light of the world? • How should we today respond to Jesus' statement to be the light of the world? Rather than asking a multi-layered question, it's best to ask just one simple question and wait for responses before asking the next thing. Well-focused questions also serve as a tool to keep bringing the group back around to the subject at hand. Small groups are notorious for getting off the subject, and clearly worded, pin-pointed questions help a group leader avoid this problem. 3. Good Questions Can Be Understood By Everyone As a group leader, you want to keep the questions simple enough that everyone has a reasonable chance of knowing what you mean the first time you say it. So, the following won't work very well: "In light of the current theological debate about millennial views, which is prevalent in many seminaries—and other places as well, many books having been written about this from the premillennial, postmillennial and amillennial positions—how do you think we should respond to this debate in the church, in the our homes, in schools, and at the government level?" It would be much better to ask, "How much should we care about the end times?" 4. Good Questions Say What They Mean Let's say you're studying 1 Corinthians 11—specifically, the passage about women wearing head coverings. It's not a good idea to ask, "Is Paul saying something true here?" This is the Bible, after all—of course he's saying something true! It's better to ask, "Is Paul saying something here that applies to women today?" That may seem like a subtle difference, and it is. But it shows how important it is not to get lazy when you write discussion questions. 5. Good Questions Are Open-Ended A person can answer "yes" or "no" without engaging his or her brain. On the other hand, an open-ended question compels people to think about the facts of a text, or the situation. We utilize this principle in everyday life. Over dinner, if I say to my children, "How was school today?" they will respond "Fine." And we're done. But if I say to them, "Tell me something interesting that happened today at school," they have to focus on a specific incident, and I can get them talking. The same thing applies in group discussions. 6. Good Questions Involve Emotions There is more to studying the Bible than intelligence, and there is more to discussing the Bible than intellect. Group leaders need to involve people's emotions, and questions are a great way to do just that. Some good examples would be: • How do you respond inwardly to these claims Jesus makes? • How do you feel about these teachings on love? • How do you react to that truth? 7. Good Questions Deal with People's Interests Sometimes it's good to connect a Bible study question with the current interests and passions of your group members. Not every time, of course, but sometimes. Here are some possible examples: "Dave, you've been a college athlete. How do you react to Paul saying, 'I buffet my body daily'?" "Several of you have read the Left Behind series. How do you think it lines up with what John is saying here in Revelation?" 8. Good Questions Are Sometimes Answers to Other Questions In any small-group setting, people usually direct questions to the group leader. Even if you've done a good job of establishing that you are a co-learner and don't have all the answers, people will still direct their questions to you most of the time. So, in response, it is often a good idea to answer their questions with a question of your own. Like: "What do you think about that?" or "Anyone here tonight have ideas about the answer to that?" Rick Lowry is the Small Groups Pastor at Crossroads Christian Church in Newburgh, IN. Copyright 2010 by the author and Christianity Today International. Free Newsletter Create Sermon-Based Bible Studies Create Sermon-Based Bible Studies How to write engaging group studies that tie into your pastor's sermons Top 10 Small Group Training Tools of 2014 Top 10 Small Group Training Tools of 2014 You'll want to check out these popular resources! Theological Discussions for Everyone Theological Discussions for Everyone Get everyone involved in meaningful, fruitful discussions. Are You Engaging Everyone? Are You Engaging Everyone? Don't leave any of your group members behind. Find the Right Study for Your Group Find the Right Study for Your Group Practical tips so you'll never dread finding a study again Give Your Study Some Context Give Your Study Some Context Help group members understand the Scripture you're discussing
Invasions: Real and Imagined Looking back at H.G. Wells’s legacy in Features History has remembered the Spanish-American conflict as a “splendid little war.” Between April and August 1898, over 72,000 American soldiers, sailors, and Marines steamrolled the larger forces of the decaying Spanish Empire in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Former Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt, who had given up his position in the McKinley administration in order to create the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry (better known as the Rough Riders), became an all-American hero after the war. More importantly, America’s victories at San Juan Hill, Santiago, and Manila Bay showed the world that Washington had now entered into the age of empires. The Spanish-American War is notable because it conclusively proved that the media can concoct a war without much evidence. The “gay ’90s” in America belonged to the press barons, otherwise known as the purveyors of “yellow journalism.” Competitors William Randolph Hearst (later portrayed as the character Charles Foster Kane in Orson Welles’ Citizen Kane) and Joseph Pulitzer fed war fever prior to the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana harbor by writing sanguinary and exaggerated stories about Spanish atrocities against the innocent and helpless Cubans. While thousands of Cubans really did suffer in concentration camps, Hearst and Pulitzer often filled their pages with imaginary Spanish intrigues against the United States and American businessmen in Cuba. As a gross indication of the press’s power, one apocryphal story claims that illustrator Frederic Remington received a telegram from Hearst while covering the Cuban rebellion: “You furnish the pictures and I will furnish the war.” Across the Atlantic, European journalists also shed their pretensions to impartiality in order to fuel war fever. In 1898, during the middle of the Spanish-American War, newspaper editors in in London and Paris almost started a war between the British and French empires when the two sides met at Fashoda in southern Sudan. The two great powers claimed the town as their own. When neither showed signs of acquiescing to the other, British and French patriots took to the streets in order to argue for war. Many held up damning headlines from their favorite daily newspapers. Hardly anyone in either country, journalist or not, could find Fashoda on a map, but most agreed that it was worth dying for. The alliance between imperial geopolitics and the news media proved to be an intoxicating brew. The supposedly straight press in America and Europe had competition when it came to trumpeting jingoism between 1897 and 1898. Fiction, rather than sensationalist journalism with fictional elements, played an important role in preparing Americans for an all-out conflagration with a European power. Ironically, one of the main examples of war-fever fiction came from unlicensed reprints of an anti-imperialist classic. H.G. Wells’s The War of the Worlds remains today one of the author’s most recognizable works. Thanks to several film adaptations and one infamous radio adaptation by Orson Welles, the average American can probably repeat the basic gist of the story — an army of predatory Martians lands on Earth, lays waste to the entire world, then they all die off thanks to the tiny microbes in our atmosphere that we have long been acclimated to. In his original novel, Wells ends on a dour note, suggesting that there is nothing stopping the Martians from returning. Whether or not this second attack comes, Wells’s everyman narrative explains that humanity “must be greatly modified by these events.” Humanity can no longer look upon Earth as a secure refuge, and humans must also understand that the “commonwealth of mankind” necessitates collective action regardless of national borders. For Wells, a lifelong socialist who wrote his “scientific romances” (Wells’s own term for science fiction) in order to argue for global governance, a fictional Martian attack showed the real need for a new, more “scientific” structuring human society. The War of the Worlds has long been read as a British novel about the experiences of people conquered by the British. The Martians treat the rural and urban denizens of imperial England the way that the British military treated Indians, Irish Catholics, South African Boers, and a whole host of other peoples. While, in hindsight, this anti-war, anti-colonialism message seems clear, it was not terribly clear to popular writers during the fin-de-siecle. Even today, despite Wells’s anti-imperialist intentions, The War of the Worlds is best remembered as an action-packed potboiler that combines realism with advanced weaponry. Its political points are often missed or downplayed. In both Britain and America, unauthorized versions of the story were serialized in popular newspapers. These versions of Wells’s story proved more popular than the original in America, and much of this had to do with the local appeal of the material. For instance, as Steven Mollmann notes in “The War of the Worlds in the Boston Post and the Rise of American Imperialism,” Fighters from Mars, an unauthorized adaptation that began appearing in the New York Evening Journal in December 1897, shows the Martians landing in New Jersey and making their way towards New York City. In a similar vein, Fighters From Mars, or The War of the Worlds in and Near Boston ran from January 9th to February 3rd, 1898. This version of Wells’s story features Martians recreating the British march on Boston during the early stages of the Revolutionary War, thus tying together two different ages of imperial warfare. These American adaptations of the story viewed the Martian invasion from a completely different lens. Rather than use the Martians as stand-in imperialists, the heroes of these adaptations became the mouthpieces for American imperialism. Edison’s Conquest of Mars, one of the more outlandish adaptations of Wells’s story, features the famous American inventor as an intergalactic warlord who uses a Martian-created “disintergrator” in order to lead a Earthly conquest of the red planet. The novel’s author, Garrett P. Serviss, wrote that the “United States naturally took the lead, and their leadership was never for a moment questioned abroad.” These words came at a time when not only was the American economy in the process of overtaking its British and German rivals, but, as noted by David Seed in “The Course of Empire: A Survey of the Imperial Theme in Early Anglophone Science Fiction,” they also formed part of a broader historical moment when the Republican Party was openly bragging about America’s civilizing mission for “humanity” in the Caribbean and Southeast Asia. Many decades later, another important element about War of the Worlds adaptations appeared. On October 30, 1938, Orson Welles performed a dramatic update on Wells’s original story that involved Martians touching down on a small farm in New Jersey. This version more or less revised the print adaptation first serialized in the New York Evening Journal in 1898. And like the Boston Post’s version of the novel, radio listeners in 1938 reacted as if the invasion was true. This conceit, namely that there is a bit of believability in Wells’s extraterrestrial tale, comes, in part, from the very visceral fear of conquest. Furthermore, Wells drew inspiration from a older source of literature — the military invasion story. George Tomkyns Chesney’s The Battle of Dorking (1871) is often considered the first of such sci-fi tales. In this novel, a future Britain is invaded and decimated by a foreign power (a thinly-veiled Germany). Thanks to so-called “fatal engines” (a type of high-tech, super-weapon), Britain’s enemies outclass the Royal Navy on the high seas. The British Empire is cut up, and the Anglo-Saxon race is left with nothing more than civil war. Chesney intended for his book to be a criticism of the poor state of Britain’s armed forces. As a member of the Royal Engineers, he certainly had a stake in such matters. Chesney’s didactic approach would be copied by other authors, including William Le Queux, whose The Invasion of 1910 describes a successful German invasion of England. In that novel, Le Queux gives voice to British xenophobia by portraying all German immigrants, from lowly waiters in London to railroad workers in the north, as reserve soldiers and saboteurs for the Imperial German Army. This fiction proved far more popular with the British reading public than Wells’s work, and there is an argument to be made that many readers may have consumed The War of the Worlds as if it were another piece of pulp. Such yarns were not exclusive to Great Britain. Cleveland Moffett’s 1916 novel The Conquest of America is about the German destruction of the Panama Canal, followed up by an amphibious landing in New York. At the apex of the novel’s action, the Germans destroy the Woolworth Building, then the largest commercial edifice in the “Big Apple.” Kenneth Mackay’s The Yellow Wave is also a perfect example of how these alarmist tracts about possible military invasions also overlapped with prominent “racialist” theories. In Mackay’s novel, Australia is left undefended by London, and thus falls prey to a Russo-Chinese invasion. Like other “yellow peril” tales, Mackay’s novel envisions hordes of Asian soldiers and laborers flooding Australia until the country’s founding European stock is completely subsumed. Even Jack London was prone to such thoughts, as 1910’s “The Unparalleled Invasion” shows. Back in 1898, the unlicensed adaptations in the New York Evening Journal and the Boston Post warned American readers about the possibilities of a foreign invasion of the Northeast. Not long after the serialization of The Fighters from Mars in the Boston Post, the newspaper published an article entitled “Defense of Boston in Event of War.” This article detailed what would happen if the United States declared war on Spain. For Bostonians, the Post theorized that their fair city would be targeted by the Spanish warship Pelayo. However, similar to what happened during the denouement of the The Fighters from Mars, the editors of the Post told its audience that the U.S.S. Indiana was superior to the flagship of Spain’s Atlantic Fleet. Such enthusiasm for war animates both the New York and Boston adaptations of The War of the Worlds. Both novels were sold to their readers as thrilling action stories about the latest advances in military technology, and both stories lionized the United States as the world’s most important country. The Boston Post’s version of The Fighters from Mars makes explicit that the Martians decided to invade the United States because destroying America’s cultural and historical heritage would be the ultimate coup of interstellar politics. As Mollmann notes in his article, The Fighters from Mars that was devoured by the Boston public reads at times like a travel brochure describing the historic sites of Massachusetts. Leaving the Common the Martian quickly passed up Monument street, blazing woods and burning houses marking its path. Turning to the left he came to the bank of the sluggish Concord River, and through the trees he saw the monument which marks the spot where the first English soldier fell when Pitcairn’s troops stood at one end of the famous North bridge and the American troops, advancing on the other side of the bridge, fired “the shot which was heard around the world.” Such objects seemed to excite the suspicion of the Martian. The Fighters from Mars displays, through Martian violence on Lexington, Concord, and Boston, the vim and vigor of a new nation about to set course on global expansion. After all, the Martians would not pick just any backwater to begin their conquest; only historic Boston and the United States would do. In the New York Evening Journal, New York City, the largest city in the United States and the country’s financial heart, provided ground zero for the Martian invasion. Both stories end in American triumph, and, tellingly, both suggest that the next move for the U.S. is a conquest of Mars led by a technologically advanced American army. There is no Wells-like fatalism in these stories; they are full-throated hurrahs for American imperialism. With the explosion of the Maine (whose deployment to Cuba was supported by the editors of the Post on January 14, 1898), the “yellow press” and invasion-story writers got their wish. There is an interesting coda to all of this. There really was a planned invasion of the United States and some of its territories, but the plot did not emanate from Spain or Mars. In 2011, German scholar Volker Schult translated and published in the Philippine Quarterly of Culture & Society a series of letters from the German Colonial Society, a powerful propaganda outfit dedicated to promoting German colonialism. In 1898, society member Professor Claus sent a letter to Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg, the organization’s president, detailing the reasons why Germany should try to take parts of the Philippines away from America. The island of Mindoro was of particular interest. Only the island of Mindoro south of Luzon has such a location. Mindoro could become a way station to China and Japan and also a mediator of German trade with these countries . . . The fact that the island is still almost completely independent and has to be conquered and exploited yet, many also reduce the value of Mindoro in the Yankees’ eyes. We German who have pacified rather fast and easily much larger and less accessible areas of East and Southwest Africa would certainly not shrink back from acquiring an easily accessible island of 200 square miles. Berlin’s interest in the Philippines went further than mere talk, too. The big dreams of the German Colonial Society led Kaiser Wilhelm II to send Vice-Admiral Otto von Diederichs to Manila during American Admiral George Dewey’s successful campaign against Spain’s ill-prepared Asian fleet. Von Diederichs’s squadron was told to remain in the Philippines no matter what, but when Admiral Dewey threatened war with Germany, the German flagship Kaiser left the archipelago on August 21, 1898. A far more audacious German war plan percolated in Berlin between 1897 and 1898. Kaiser Wilhelm’s first plan, which was entrusted to naval officer Eberhard von Mantey, envisioned the German Navy attacking American ships anchored at Norfolk and Hampton Roads in Virginia. Later, during the Spanish-American War, Mantey revised the plan to argue for an amphibious landing at Cape Cod. From there, German Marines would march on New York City. Imperial German designs on hitting the American mainland would last all the way up until 1917, when German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann proposed dividing the American Southwest and West Coast up between Mexico and Japan. The infamous “Zimmermann Telegram” helped to push President Woodrow Wilson and the American public closer to war — a war that would completely sever Kaiser Wilhelm II and the Hohenzollern monarchy from German history. As far-fetched as actual German military invasions of America might sound, on the morning of July 21, 1918, German submarine U-156 captained by Richard Feldt fired on the town of Orleans, Massachusetts. The submarine sunk a tugboat near Nauset, but otherwise failed to induce any casualties. Despite this, American newspapers published dire articles about more enemy submarines patrolling the Eastern seaboard. Some even worried that a German floatilla could strike New York or Boston at any time. Old fears from the days of the fictional Martian invasion were revived once again. There seems to be something primal about The War of the Worlds, whether in its original form or its many adaptations. Wells’s story combined the language of real-world reporting with fiction at a time when such distinctions were blurry anyways thanks to “yellow journalism.” In the same year that The War of the Worlds began serialization in Great Britain and the U.S., newspaper magnates like Hearst and Pulitzer successfully used sensationalism in order to get the United States involved in the affairs of the Spanish Empire. The Spanish-American War finally drove Madrid out of Latin America, but in the following years, the United States government found itself as the new imperial power of the hemisphere. Between 1900 and 1934, U.S. soldiers, Marines, and sailors would be deployed to the Philippines, the Dominican Republic, Panama, Haiti, Nicaragua, Mexico, and Cuba in order to put down rebellions, collect loans, and to spread “good governance.” Much of this would not have been possible without bad journalism and a few nationalist novel adaptations in 1898. Ironically, the very same papers that rushed America into war in 1898 quickly turned on U.S. “pacification” efforts in the Philippines after letters home revealed that U.S. troops regularly used the “water cure” in order to pull information out of suspected insurgents. The outrage may have been real at first, but the Hearst and Pulitzer papers used these accusations as a cudgel to try and bring down President Theodore Roosevelt, a man suspected of being a major threat to big business in America. The power of these news syndicates did not wane until the 1970s, when post-Watergate cynicism got ahold of the American public. Many began to see journalists as political hacks and fiction writers. The murkiness of the distinction between fact and fiction has not changed, and subsequent events, from the Gulf of Tonkin to Saddam Hussein’s WMDs, have further convinced Americans that journalism is often just a dishonest brand of fiction. The seeds of public doubt began way back before the turn of the century. In a weird way, a string of poor adaptations of science fiction classic primed an excited audience for less-than-true depictions of warfare, colonial conquest, and national prestige. These stories provide not only a glimpse into the days when America first began acting like a great European power, but also into the original sin of journalism in America. It has always been about selling something, and the current defense of journalistic objectivity rings hollow given the past crimes of paid scribbles. • All images created by Emily Anderson.
Ready to Start Your Career? Database Differences: Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Database Olivia s profile image By: Olivia January 7, 2021 It's no secret that today's businesses cannot function without data. Think about all the questions you ask yourself at work regularly, "What are my sales so far this month?" "How many customers purchased item X this year?". These questions are answered by data and can provide insights that differentiate a failing company and a successful business. That is why learning to manage databases and make sense of critical data using SQL is such a valuable skill in today's job market.SQL (Structured Query Language) is the primary language responsible for managing data and data structures within a given database. In this article, I will provide an overview of each. Both have many similarities and many differences, which I hope to help you determine which is the best for you to learn or for your company to use. Before I go further, it's essential to explore what an RDBMS is and the language differences. What is a relational database management system (RDBMS)? A relational database management system is a program that lets you create, update, and administer a relational database. Most, including MS SQL Server and Oracle Database, use SQL, although Microsoft uses Transact SQL (T-SQL) and Oracle uses Procedural Language SQL (PL/SQL). According to Segue Technologies: "Both are different 'flavors' or dialects of SQL, and both languages have different syntax and capabilities. The main difference between the two languages is how they handle variables, stored procedures, and built-in functions. PL/SQL in Oracle can group procedures into packages, which cannot be done in MS SQL Server." While PL/SQL is more complex and has more' capabilities,' T-SQL is simpler and easier to use. Microsoft SQL Server Overview Microsoft SQL Server can be used to build, deploy, and manage applications located on-premise or in the cloud. It supports a variety of transaction processing, business intelligence, and analytics applications. Built around a row-based table structure allows related data to be connected, avoiding redundancy and providing greater data integrity. "The core component of Microsoft SQL Server is the SQL Server Database Engine, which controls data storage, processing, and security. It includes a relational engine that processes commands and queries and a storage engine that manages database files, tables, pages, indexes, data buffers, and transactions. Stored procedures, triggers, views, and other database objects are also created and executed by the Database Engine. " The newest version of Microsoft SQL Server was released June 2016 and included many new features. SQL Server 2016 added performance tuning, real-time operational analytics, data visualization, and mobile device reporting. It also integrated hybrid cloud support that lets DBAs run databases on a combination of on-premises systems and public cloud services to reduce IT costs." With this recent update, Microsoft has expanded from running exclusively on Windows to being available on Linux, giving users the ability to run SQL Server in Docker containers. Strengths of MS SQL Server • Ease of general use (in comparison to other databases) • Tools like SQL Server Profiler, SQL Server Management Studio, BI tools, and Database Tuning Advisor • Plenty of online support and documentation, plus live product support • Option for enterprise-level professional management software • Ease of data recovery (in comparison to other databases) How to Learn MS SQL Server To truly learn this tool's different capabilities, we recommend learning step-by-step with Microsoft SQL Server Virtual labs. While other tutorials may show and tell you about the tool, SQL Server Labs walks you through the steps to perform the tasks yourself, so you can learn by doing. Oracle Database Overview Oracle Database is the first database designed for enterprise grid computing. Enterprise grid computing creates large pools of modular storage and servers. "With this architecture, each new system can be rapidly provisioned from the pool of components. There is no need for peak workloads because capacity can be easily added or reallocated from the resource pools as needed. The database has logical structures and physical structures. Because the physical and logical structures are separate, the physical storage of data can be managed without affecting the access to logical storage structures." You can access an Oracle Database only through a client program, and the SQL language is that client program's interface to the Oracle Database. Oracle's latest version of its database was released in June 2013. Users of Oracle databases refer to the server-side memory-structure as the SGA (System Global Area). The SGA typically holds cache information such as data-buffers, SQL commands, and user information. The database also consists of logs, which hold transactional history. Strengths of Oracle Database • Ability to upgrade without complete system overhaul • Option for enterprise-level professional management software • Ease of data recovery (in comparison to other databases) • Can handle large amounts of data How to Learn Oracle Database Like Microsoft SQL Server, learning to work with databases, especially one as complex as Oracle, requires plenty of practical training, meaning you must learn by doing. One great way to do this is by using a virtual lab. Get a complete walkthrough with the accompanying lab guide to ensure you are completing the steps properly. Differences Between MS SQL Server and Oracle Database In general, the Oracle Database is considered to be much more complex than MS SQL Server. That being said, it is meant for larger organizations where a larger database is needed. While the MS SQL Server offers an enterprise version, it is only compatible with Windows and Linux. Oracle can be used on any operating system. One of the biggest differences is transaction control, meaning a group of tasks that can be treated as a single unit. So, suppose a set of records must all be updated simultaneously, by default. In that case, SQL Server executes each command individually, and it will be extremely difficult to make changes if any errors are encountered along the way. Oracle, on the other hand, treats each new database connection as a new transaction. Next is the organization of these databases. __"MS SQL Server organizes all objects, such as tables, views, and procedures, by database names. Users are assigned to a login, which is granted access to the specific database and its objects. Also, in SQL Server, each database has a private, unshared disk file on the server. In Oracle, all the database objects are grouped by schemas, which are a subset collection of database objects, and all the database objects are shared among all schemas and users. Even though it is all shared, each user can be limited to certain schemas and tables via roles and permissions." __ In terms of functionality (this is a bit technical), MS SQL Server does not offer partitioning, bitmap indexes, reverse key indexes, function-based indexes, or star query optimization, all of which Oracle offers. Both are widely used across the enterprise landscape, but RDBMS is considered superior as a matter of preference and what that particular database is being used for. The major distinction between MS SQL and Oracle is the Transaction Control. MS SQL will, by default, perform and commit each job or query separately. Hence, it is not simple or difficult to roll back transactions if any error is encountered in the method. The "Begin Transaction" command is utilized at the start of a transaction for accurate group statements. While the "Commit" statement is employed at the end of the group statement. The modified data is written to the disk and completes the transaction in the Commit statement. In the transaction, any modifications performed within the transaction block are rejected in the Rollback. However, with decent error handling, the rollback command can provide some security against data corruption. In Oracle, each new database link is interpreted as a new transaction. Until the transaction is committed, the transaction can be rolled back, and all the modifications are performed on the system memory. Due to that, in the rollback, all the variations in the statement can be unhitched. After the commit is fulfilled, typically, the next command starts a new transaction. This serves to check errors efficiently and provide compliance. MS SQL coordinates all the objects like tables, procedures, and views by database titles. Furthermore, MS SQL databases don't share private disk files on the machine. Users are authorized to login and gain privileged access to the chosen database and its objects. But in Oracle, the database objects are classified by using schemas. Schemas are a segment collection of database objects. All the database objects can be distributed to all users. Schemas and table access can be defined or restricted by roles and permissions. To Summarize Companies are always looking for professionals who know how to manage and, most importantly, make sense of data. With relational database management systems like Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle Database taking the enterprise world by storm, it is more important than ever to use these systems. MS SQL Server is ideal for database beginners, while Oracle is optimal for those managing larger amounts of data. In either case, a thorough knowledge of SQL will help you gain insight into customers and products. Browse the Cybrary lab offerings listed above to gain hands-on skills to manage and implement databases and work with powerful reporting tools. Schedule Demo Build your Cybersecurity or IT Career
Whether you are a car owner or you have a car related business, it is necessary to know about the basic things related to the car repairs. In all of them there is a term named Front-End alignment that can be heard quite often in auto repair centers. It is counted among one of the most common regular maintenance services that is necessary to be performed in order to keep the wheels of your car well-balanced and of course, running. Usually the department that offers tire alignment services. Basic Facts Front end alignment, as the name suggests is a part of tire alignment, which is considered as one of the most critical servicing components since a huge number of vehicles need this service regularly. The process of front-end alignment plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the car, preventing it from facing bigger issues like lower performance, body imbalance, toppling off the road and a flat tire. Front-end alignment is the process of bringing the front tires of a car, back to their original and right position, when they are mounted on the wheels. It is in fact a part of wheel alignment, but since the tires are the major parts of the wheel, the term is now taken by many. Why Does a Car Need Front-End Alignment? The main purpose of Front-End alignment servicing is to make sure that all the suspension components of a car are perfectly adjusted to their respective angles, the right way. When the car wheels are properly aligned, it not only drives well and performs better on trying situations, but it also helps in prolonging the life of the tires since the overall wear of the tire is significantly reduced. As a result, the wheels and tires start moving easily which is the most important factor for a good gas mileage. On the other hand, by undergoing a front wheel alignment a car gets the advantage of a decreased steering column wear that is in fact a key to its handling capability and level of maneuverability. Reasons Behind Falling Out of Alignment There can be various reasons why the car wheels tend to fall out of their right place, which is known as alignment. It can start from extensive off roading, getting hit by unpredictable potholes or to any solid embankment, from long time of usage to bad driving habits. When to Go for a Front-End Alignment? When we asked the mechanics in our neighborhood who offer front end alignment services about how frequently a car might need a front-end alignment, they said, it depends a lot on the vehicle and its manufacturing date, when it will need its first front-end alignment and then after how much time. But roughly they gave us an estimate that usually people need to get it done after the car travels more than 50,000 miles, whether it is for the first time, or after one session of front-end alignment administered on the car.
Gravity is responsible for muscles, bones, and joints to act to compress the spine as time goes by and this can cause back pain and other chronic problems. Inversion therapy requires a person to be in positions where the feet are above the head and can help to reverse the effect that gravity has on the body. Inversion tables are equipment that can help you to do this safely without injury. Inversion therapy has been said to decompress the spine and act like physical manipulation or gentle massage that can act to relieve the symptoms of back pain. During this therapy, your body is turned upside down thereby increasing the space between the vertebrae and relieving the pressure at the nerve roots. An inversion table with heat and massage is a device that has a flat surface that can support the body, and which can be tilted to the required angles as required by its user. It also contains straps and supports that allow you to be firmly held in position while you change the angle of the table to help gravity to exercise its therapeutic benefits on the spine and various parts of the body. It is your bodyweight that is used to give the needed therapy by the effect that gravity has when you are not in a normal position of having your head higher than your legs. back inverters stretchers An inversion table can be tilted to an angle of up to 90 degrees so that you are virtually doing a handstand. You need to strap yourself firmly into place. Most tables will have straps that fit over your body at various places so that you remain immobile while on the table. Legs will have separate supports that allow you to hook into so that your body and legs remain the same plane. It has handles on either side of the table that you can hold on to, and which can help you to change the angle of the table while you remain strapped in. In a normal position when it is not being used, the table will be near to the vertical position, and you need to stand against it with your back to the table and strap yourself in while hooking your feet into the leg support. You can then slowly start inverting the table to the angle that you want by pushing on the handles. That will make your head lower than your feet. Start with low angles like 25 degrees till you get used to being inverted, as these positions will cause the blood to rush to your head. Stay there for a couple of minutes, before you increase the angle. Continue increasing the angle in stages. It is recommended that you allow your body to get used to various angles for a week at a time before you increase the angle. Increase angle by ten to twenty degrees each week, till you are comfortable with any degree between 60 and 90 degrees. Every position on an inversion table should be ideally held for periods between one and five minutes and definitely, should never exceed fifteen minutes. Inversion tables can be used one to three times a day for relief of back pain through back stretching.
Understanding the impact of air pollution at the start of life: using geographic variation in air pollution, census and administrative data to measure air pollution’s impact on the unborn child Dibben, C. (2015) Geography and Environment Dept Seminar, University of Southampton, UK, 9 December 2015 [SLS] Other information: It is now widely recognised, from studies in many different countries, that air pollution has adverse effects on human health and explains a significant proportion of the global burden of disease. Recent work has also suggested that air pollution may have a negative effect on the outcomes of pregnancy, such as birthweight and prematurity. However, although these studies have enhanced knowledge and understanding of the risks of air pollution to foetuses, caution is still needed when interpreting the findings collectively because of important differences in methodological approaches. Importantly, the majority of studies use the nearest monitor method to estimate maternal exposure for both the entire pregnancy and trimester specific periods, which averages pollutant concentrations from the nearest (static) monitor to the mother's residential location. In this talk I will outline why landuse based regression approaches may in fact be a better method for estimating exposure, discuss the results from two studies in Scotland and consider how reconstructing historical air pollution environments may help with the understanding of aetiology of diseases in later life. Available online: Link Output from project: 2007_011 Recent News Upcoming Events Sorry, there are currently no upcoming Events. Latest Tweets
X-1: Flat Affect Visual Description: • This signal is defined by a heaviness falling over the eyes/brow, distinct from Pi/Ni/Si. While Ni’s signal looks cunning, and retains an animation to the eyes, in the flat affect the eyes lose all magic or life. • The corners of the lips are continually being pulled downward, and the cheeks also experience some atrophy. • Talking often comes out as mumbling, as the mouth’s animation is constricted. Psychology Description This signal corresponds to what the Five Factor model calls the neuroticism spectrum, or an index of sensitivity to “negative emotion.” High levels of neuroticism indicates susceptibility to anxiety, depression, bipolar behavior, emotional volatility and the like. The flat affect is a visual signal that stands outside of the CTVC and was discovered by researchers as a common feature in patients with anxiety, depression, schizophrenia or other heavy mental illnesses.The picture above demonstrates what this signal looks like. The image is of Aviv Geffen, who suffers from strong depression. The left side image was photo-manipulated to approximate the difference between non-affected and affected, for the sake of comparison. It would appear that this signal can accurately identify at least the most severe cases of mental illness and depression. The absence of the signal may not discount the possibility of illness, but the presence of it very positively suggests it. The “under stress” sections on this website apply strongest to the individual with a heavy display of this signal. Flat Affect on the Types Below we see an example of how the flat affect looks like on several types: Affect: An Unconscious Journey It should be noted however, that depression in the psychoanalytical sense is not only a perpetual state of sorrow/numbness – but a psychic preoccupation with a misaligned internal content. The person’s energies retreat away from the world, but are being redirected towards an internal problem; a blockade or injury that is inhibiting an open interface with life. The presence of a severe flat affect indicates an acute psychological reparation process is either pending or underway. One could equate this metaphorically as a journey into the underworld. A dull or perhaps heavy dread will haunt their subconscious, creating the sense that they are living a charade. Life may appear half-real; things appear as a shell of what they were intended to be. And because their energetic resources are being withdrawn from the outer world, this invariably leads to an inability to function in society, as well as a freezing of all talents/skills hitherto acquired. The person may be unable to manifest, create or assert themselves in any capacity. Types with a natively intuitive temperament (particularly an intuitive and introverted temperament) are most susceptible to an immersion into the symbolic and archetypal, however any type with severe flat affect will begin to grow familiar with the archaic substructure of human nature. Often times, such people are driven into a spiritual or mystical journey. They may be haunted by cryptic dreams, sometimes horrifying and other times as visions of transcendence. Affect: A Rise into Consciousness Individuals with severe flat affect usually have a complex function development, with multiple functions often rising out from the unconscious, or having risen into consciousness. It’s unknown if the rising of more functions into consciousness is an effect or a cause of flat affect. Their relationship to these functions is always varied, but they commonly manifest as their mythological characters or narratives, and typically in their dark forms. The conflicts between their functions may not be fully reconciled, causing the struggle of opposites to manifest in their own psychology and lead to volatility. If they’re polarized they may oscillate between the lead and polar function, and exist as a fragmented personality that expresses certain functions acutely at certain times. This fragmentation minimizes as emotional health is restored. Implications for Vultology The presence of flat affect can greatly interfere with a reading. Not only does it alter a person’s countenance, but also the degree of animation of their body. As stated above, it leads to a lower dynamic emotional range overall. Depression can make an extrovert appear more introverted. If a person shows the flat affect, their true type is probably much more animated. For example if someone looks on the fence between FiNe and NeFi, with the flat affect, they’re very probably NeFi. If the mental condition is one of numbness/apathy it can make a high-F user appear high-T, so we mustn’t conflate a disassociation from one’s own emotions with T-priority. Inversely it can make a high-T type appear uncharacteristically affected by emotions, so we mustn’t conflate emotional amplitude with ethical priority. Factoring this signal into readings will greatly increase accuracy in understanding others, their current psychological state and what their underlying type may truly be. © Copyright 2012-2020 J.E. Sandoval The content on this site is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with questions you may have regarding a medical condition. For more information visit this link.
The Lord of the Rings The Lord of the Rings is an epic[1] high fantasy novel[a] by the English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien. Set in Middle-earth, the world at some distant time in the past, the story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 children's book The Hobbit, but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, The Lord of the Rings is one of the best-selling books ever written, with over 150 million copies sold.[2] The title names the story's main antagonist, the Dark Lord Sauron, who had in an earlier age created the One Ring to rule the other Rings of Power as the ultimate weapon in his campaign to conquer and rule all of Middle-earth. From homely beginnings in the Shire, a hobbit land reminiscent of the English countryside, the story ranges across Middle-earth, following the quest mainly through the eyes of the hobbits Frodo, Sam, Merry and Pippin. Although generally known to readers as a trilogy, the work was initially intended by Tolkien to be one volume of a two-volume set along with The Silmarillion, but this idea was dismissed by his publisher.[3][T 2] For economic reasons, The Lord of the Rings was published in three volumes over the course of a year from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955.[3][4] The three volumes were titled The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers and The Return of the King. Structurally, the work is divided internally into six books, two per volume, with several appendices of background material at the end. Some editions print the entire work into a single volume, following the author's original intent. Tolkien's work, after an initially mixed reception by the literary establishment, has been the subject of extensive analysis of its themes and origins. Influences on this earlier work, and on the story of The Lord of the Rings, include philology, mythology, religion, earlier fantasy works, and his own experiences in the First World War. The Lord of the Rings in its turn has had a great effect on modern fantasy. The Lord of the Rings has since been reprinted many times and translated into at least 38 languages.[b] The enduring popularity of The Lord of the Rings has led to numerous references in popular culture, the founding of many societies by fans of Tolkien's works,[5] and the publication of many books about Tolkien and his works. It has inspired numerous derivative works including artwork, music, films and television, video games, board games, and subsequent literature. Award-winning adaptations of The Lord of the Rings have been made for radio, theatre, and film. It has been named Britain's best novel of all time in the BBC's The Big Read. The prologue explains that the book is "largely concerned with hobbits", and tells of their origins in a migration from the east; of how they smoke "pipe-weed"; of how the Shire, where most of them live, is organised; and how the narrative follows on from The Hobbit, in which the hobbit Bilbo Baggins finds the Ring, which had been in the possession of the creature Gollum.[T 3] Bilbo celebrates his 111th (eleventy-first as written in the novel) birthday and leaves the Shire suddenly without warning, leaving the Ring to Frodo Baggins, his cousin[c] and heir.[T 5] Neither hobbit is aware of the Ring's nature, but the wizard Gandalf realises that it is a Ring of Power. Seventeen years later, Gandalf tells Frodo that he has confirmed that the Ring is the one lost by the Dark Lord Sauron long ago and counsels him to take it away from the Shire.[T 4] Gandalf leaves, promising to return by Frodo's birthday and accompany him on his journey, but fails to do so. Frodo sets out on foot, ostensibly moving to his new home in Crickhollow, accompanied by his gardener, Sam Gamgee, and his cousin, Pippin Took. They are pursued by mysterious Black Riders, but meet a passing group of Elves and spend the night with them.[T 6] The next day they take a short cut to avoid the Riders, and arrive at the farm of Farmer Maggot. He takes them to Bucklebury Ferry, where they meet their friend Merry Brandybuck who was looking for them.[T 7] When they reach the house at Crickhollow, Merry and Pippin reveal they know about the Ring and insist on travelling with Frodo and Sam.[T 8] They decide to shake off the Black Riders by cutting through the Old Forest. Merry and Pippin are trapped by Old Man Willow, an evil tree who controls much of the forest, but are rescued by the mysterious Tom Bombadil.[T 9][T 10] Leaving, they are caught by a barrow-wight, who traps them in a barrow on the downs. Frodo, awakening from the barrow-wight's spell, manages to call Bombadil, who frees them, and equips them with ancient swords from the barrow-wight's hoard.[T 11] The hobbits reach the village of Bree, where they encounter a Ranger named Strider. The innkeeper gives Frodo a letter from Gandalf written three months before which identifies Strider as a friend. Strider leads the hobbits into the wilderness after another close escape from the Black Riders, who they now know to be the Nazgûl, men bound by lesser Rings of Power to serve Sauron.[T 12] On the hill of Weathertop, they are again attacked by the Nazgûl, who wound Frodo with a cursed blade.[T 13] Strider fights them off and leads the hobbits towards the Elven refuge of Rivendell. Frodo falls deathly ill; Strider treats him with the herb athelas, saving his life. The Nazgûl nearly capture Frodo at the Ford of Bruinen, but flood waters summoned by Elrond, master of Rivendell, rise up and overwhelm them.[T 14] Frodo recovers in Rivendell under Elrond's care.[T 15] The Council of Elrond discusses the history of Sauron and the Ring. Strider is revealed to be Aragorn, the heir of Isildur who cut the Ring from Sauron's hand, but failed to destroy it. Gandalf reports that the chief wizard Saruman has betrayed them and is now working to become a Sauron-like power in his own right. Gandalf was captured by Saruman and had to escape, explaining why he had failed to return to meet Frodo as he had promised. The Council decides that the Ring must be destroyed, but that can only be done by sending it to the fire of Mount Doom in Mordor, where it was forged. Frodo takes this task upon himself.[T 16] Elrond, with the advice of Gandalf, chooses companions for him. The Fellowship of the Ring consists of nine walkers to oppose the nine Black Riders: Frodo, Sam, Merry, Pippin, Aragorn, Gandalf, Gimli the Dwarf, Legolas the Elf, and the Man Boromir, son of Denethor, the Steward of Gondor.[T 17] After a failed attempt to cross the Misty Mountains over the Redhorn Pass, the Fellowship take the perilous path through the Mines of Moria. They learn that Balin, one of the Dwarves who accompanied Bilbo in The Hobbit, and his colony of Dwarves were killed by Orcs.[T 18] After surviving an attack, they are pursued by Orcs and by a Balrog, an ancient fire demon. Gandalf faces the Balrog, and both of them fall into the abyss.[T 19] The others escape and find refuge in the Elven forest of Lothlórien,[T 20] where they are counselled by the Lady Galadriel. Before they leave, Galadriel silently tests their loyalty, and gives them individual, more or less magical, gifts to help them on their quest. She allows Frodo and Sam to look into her fountain, the Mirror of Galadriel, to see visions of past, present, and perhaps future.[T 21] The elf-lord Celeborn gives the Fellowship boats, elven cloaks, and waybread, and they travel down the River Anduin to the hill of Amon Hen.[T 22][T 23] There, Boromir tries to take the Ring from Frodo, but Frodo puts it on and disappears. Frodo chooses to go alone to Mordor, but Sam guesses what he intends, intercepts him as he tries to take a boat across the river, and goes with him.[T 24] Large Orcs, Uruk-hai, sent by Saruman and other Orcs sent by Sauron kill Boromir and capture Merry and Pippin.[T 25] Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas decide to pursue the Orcs taking Merry and Pippin to Saruman.[T 26] In the kingdom of Rohan, the Orcs are killed by Riders of Rohan, led by Éomer.[T 27] Merry and Pippin escape into Fangorn Forest, where they are befriended by Treebeard, the oldest of the tree-like Ents.[T 28] Aragorn, Gimli and Legolas track the hobbits to Fangorn. There they unexpectedly meet Gandalf.[T 29] Gandalf explains that he killed the Balrog. He was killed in the fight, but was sent back to Middle-earth to complete his mission. He is clothed in white and is now Gandalf the White, for he has taken Saruman's place as the chief of the wizards. Gandalf assures his friends that Merry and Pippin are safe.[T 29] Together they ride to Edoras, capital of Rohan. Gandalf frees Théoden, King of Rohan, from the influence of Saruman's spy Gríma Wormtongue. Théoden musters his fighting strength and rides with his men to the ancient fortress of Helm's Deep, while Gandalf departs to seek help from Treebeard.[T 30] Meanwhile, the Ents, roused by Merry and Pippin from their peaceful ways, attack and destroy Isengard, Saruman's stronghold, and flood it, trapping the wizard in the tower of Orthanc.[T 31] Gandalf convinces Treebeard to send an army of Huorns to Théoden's aid. He brings an army of Rohirrim to Helm's Deep, and they defeat the Orcs, who flee into the forest of Huorns, never to be seen again.[T 32] Gandalf, Theoden, Legolas, and Gimli ride to Isengard, and are surprised to find Merry and Pippin relaxing amidst the ruins.[T 33] Gandalf offers Saruman a chance to turn away from evil. When Saruman refuses to listen, Gandalf strips him of his rank and most of his powers.[T 34] After Saruman crawls back to his prison, Wormtongue throws down a hard round object to try to kill Gandalf. Pippin picks it up; Gandalf swiftly takes it, but Pippin steals it in the night. It is revealed to be a palantír, a seeing-stone that Saruman used to speak with Sauron, and that Sauron used to ensnare him. Pippin is seen by Sauron. Gandalf rides for Minas Tirith, chief city of Gondor, taking Pippin with him.[T 35] Frodo and Sam, heading for Mordor, struggle through the barren hills and cliffs of the Emyn Muil. They become aware they are being watched and tracked; on a moonlit night they capture Gollum, who has followed them from Moria. Frodo makes Gollum swear to serve him, as Ringbearer, and asks him to guide them to Mordor.[T 36] Gollum leads them across the Dead Marshes. Sam overhears Gollum debating with his alter ego, Sméagol, whether to break his promise and steal the Ring.[T 37] They find that the Black Gate of Mordor is too well guarded, so instead they travel south through the land of Ithilien to a secret pass that Gollum knows.[T 38][T 39] On the way, they are captured by Faramir, brother of Boromir, and his rangers. He resists the temptation to seize the Ring.[T 40] Gollum–who is torn between his loyalty to Frodo and his desire for the Ring–leads the hobbits to the pass,[T 41][T 42] but betrays Frodo to the great spider Shelob in the tunnels of Cirith Ungol.[T 43] Gollum leads them into Shelob's lair. Frodo holds up the Phial of the light of Elbereth's star given to him by Galadriel. The light blinds Shelob, and she backs down. Frodo manages to cut through a giant web using Sting, and they advance. Shelob attacks from another tunnel, and Frodo falls to her sting.[T 44] With the help of the Phial of Galadriel and the sword Sting, Sam fights off and seriously wounds the monster. Believing Frodo to be dead, Sam takes the Ring to continue the quest alone. Orcs find Frodo; Sam overhears them and realises that Frodo is still alive.[T 45] Sauron sends a great army against Gondor. Gandalf arrives at Minas Tirith to warn Denethor of the attack,[T 46] while Théoden musters the Rohirrim to ride to Gondor's aid.[T 47] Minas Tirith is besieged; the Lord of the Nazgûl uses a battering-ram and the power of his Ring to destroy the city's gates.[T 48] Denethor, deceived by Sauron, falls into despair. He burns himself alive on a pyre, nearly taking his son Faramir with him.[T 49] Aragorn, accompanied by Legolas, Gimli, and the Rangers of the North, takes the Paths of the Dead to recruit the Dead Men of Dunharrow, who are bound by a curse which denies them rest until they fulfil their ancient oath to fight for the King of Gondor.[T 50] Following Aragorn, the Army of the Dead strikes terror into the Corsairs of Umbar invading southern Gondor. Aragorn defeats the Corsairs and uses their ships to transport the men of southern Gondor up the Anduin,[T 51] reaching Minas Tirith just in time to turn the tide of battle.[T 52] Théoden's niece Éowyn, who joined the army in disguise,[T 47] kills the Lord of the Nazgûl with help from Merry; both are wounded. Together, Gondor and Rohan defeat Sauron's army in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, though at great cost; King Théoden is among the dead.[T 53] Aragorn enters Minas Tirith and heals Faramir, Eowyn, and Merry.[T 54] He leads an army of men from Gondor and Rohan, marching through Ithilien to the Black Gate to distract Sauron from his true danger.[T 51] His army for the Battle of the Morannon is vastly outnumbered by the great might of Mordor as Sauron attacks with overwhelming force.[T 55] Meanwhile, Sam rescues Frodo from the tower of Cirith Ungol.[T 56] They set out across Mordor.[T 57] When they reach the edge of the Cracks of Doom, Frodo cannot resist the Ring any longer. He claims it for himself and puts it on his finger.[T 58] Gollum suddenly reappears. He struggles with Frodo and bites off Frodo's finger with the Ring still on it. Celebrating wildly, Gollum loses his footing and falls into the Fire, taking the Ring with him.[T 58] When the Ring is destroyed, Sauron loses his power forever. All he created collapses, the Nazgûl perish, and his armies are thrown into such disarray that Aragorn's forces emerge victorious.[T 59] Aragorn is crowned King of Arnor and Gondor, and weds Arwen, daughter of Elrond.[T 60] Théoden is buried and Éomer is crowned King of Rohan. His sister Éowyn is engaged to marry Faramir, now Steward of Gondor and Prince of Ithilien. Galadriel, Celeborn, and Gandalf meet and say farewell to Treebeard, and to Aragorn.[T 61] The four hobbits make their way back to the Shire,[T 62] only to find that it has been taken over by men directed by "Sharkey" (whom they later discover to be Saruman). The hobbits, led by Merry, raise a rebellion and scour the Shire of Sharkey's evil. Gríma Wormtongue turns on Saruman and kills him in front of Bag End, Frodo's home. He is killed in turn by hobbit archers.[T 63] Merry and Pippin are celebrated as heroes. Sam marries Rosie Cotton and uses his gifts from Galadriel to help heal the Shire. But Frodo is still wounded in body and spirit, having borne the Ring for so long. A few years later, in the company of Bilbo and Gandalf, Frodo sails from the Grey Havens west over the Sea to the Undying Lands to find peace.[T 64] "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen" tells how it happened, as told in the main story, that an immortal elf came to marry a man, as Arwen's ancestor Lúthien had done in the First Age, giving up her immortality.[T 65] It is told, too, that Sam gives his daughter Elanor the Red Book of Westmarch, which contains the story of Bilbo's adventures and the War of the Ring as witnessed by the hobbits. It is said there was a tradition that Sam crossed west over the Sea himself, the last of the Ring-bearers; and that some years later, after the deaths of Aragorn and Arwen, Legolas and Gimli too sailed "over Sea".[T 66] Tolkien presents The Lord of the Rings within a fictional frame story where he is not the original author, but merely the translator of part of an ancient document, the Red Book of Westmarch.[6] That book is modelled on the real Red Book of Hergest, which similarly presents an older mythology. Various details of the frame story appear in the Prologue, its "Note on Shire Records", and in the Appendices, notably Appendix F. In this frame story, the Red Book is the purported source of Tolkien's other works relating to Middle-earth: The Hobbit, The Silmarillion, and The Adventures of Tom Bombadil.[7] Although a major work in itself, The Lord of the Rings was only the last movement of a much older set of narratives Tolkien had worked on since 1917 encompassing The Silmarillion,[8] in a process he described as mythopoeia.[d] The Lord of the Rings started as a sequel to Tolkien's work The Hobbit, published in 1937.[10] The popularity of The Hobbit had led George Allen & Unwin, the publishers, to request a sequel. Tolkien warned them that he wrote quite slowly, and responded with several stories he had already developed. Having rejected his contemporary drafts for The Silmarillion, putting Roverandom on hold, and accepting Farmer Giles of Ham, Allen & Unwin continued to ask for more stories about hobbits.[11] Persuaded by his publishers, he started "a new Hobbit" in December 1937.[10] After several false starts, the story of the One Ring emerged. The idea for the first chapter ("A Long-Expected Party") arrived fully formed, although the reasons behind Bilbo's disappearance, the significance of the Ring, and the title The Lord of the Rings did not arrive until the spring of 1938.[10] Originally, he planned to write a story in which Bilbo had used up all his treasure and was looking for another adventure to gain more; however, he remembered the Ring and its powers and thought that would be a better focus for the new work.[10] As the story progressed, he brought in elements from The Silmarillion mythology.[12] Writing was slow, because Tolkien had a full-time academic position, marked exams to bring in a little extra income, and wrote many drafts.[10][T 67] Tolkien abandoned The Lord of the Rings during most of 1943 and only restarted it in April 1944,[10] as a serial for his son Christopher Tolkien, who was sent chapters as they were written while he was serving in South Africa with the Royal Air Force. Tolkien made another major effort in 1946, and showed the manuscript to his publishers in 1947.[10] The story was effectively finished the next year, but Tolkien did not complete the revision of earlier parts of the work until 1949.[10] The original manuscripts, which total 9,250 pages, now reside in the J. R. R. Tolkien Collection at Marquette University.[13] Unusually for 20th century novels, the prose narrative is . These include verse and songs of many genres: for wandering, marching to war, drinking, and having a bath; narrating ancient myths, riddles, prophecies, and magical incantations; and of praise and lament (elegy).[14] Some, such as riddles, charms, elegies, and narrating heroic actions are found in Old English poetry.[14] Scholars have stated that the poetry is essential for the fiction to work aesthetically and thematically, as it adds information not given in the prose, and it brings out characters and their backgrounds.[15][16] The poetry has been judged to be of high technical skill, reflected in his prose; for instance, he wrote much of Tom Bombadil's speech in metre.[17] Tolkien worked on the text using his maps of Middle-earth as a guide, to ensure the elements of the story fitted together in time and space.[T 68] He prepared a variety of types of illustration – maps, calligraphy, drawings, cover designs, even a facsimile painting of the Book of Mazarbul – but only the maps, the inscription on the Ring,[T 4] and a drawing of the Doors of Durin[T 69] were included in the first edition.[18][T 70] The hardback editions sometimes had cover illustrations by Tolkien,[e] sometimes by other artists.[19] According to The New York Times, Barbara Remington's cover designs for Ballantine's paperback editions "achieved mass-cult status in the 1960s, particularly on college campuses"[19] across America. In the rush to print, Remington had no time to read the book, and surprised Tolkien with details such as a tree with pumpkin-like fruits, and a lion, which was painted out for later editions.[19] Tolkien drew on a wide array of influences including language,[T 71] Christianity,[T 72] mythology including the Norse Völsunga saga,[21] archaeology, especially at the Temple of Nodens,[22] ancient and modern literature, and personal experience. He was inspired primarily by his profession, philology;[T 73] his work centred on the study of Old English literature, especially Beowulf, and he acknowledged its importance to his writings.[20] He was a gifted linguist, influenced by Celtic,[23][21] Finnish,[24] Slavic,[25] and Greek language and mythology.[26] Commentators have attempted to identify literary and topological antecedents for characters, places and events in Tolkien's writings; he acknowledged that he had enjoyed adventure stories by authors such as John Buchan and Rider Haggard.[27][28][29] The Arts and Crafts polymath William Morris was a major influence,[T 74] and Tolkien undoubtedly made use of some real place-names, such as Bag End, the name of his aunt's home.[30] Tolkien stated, too, that he had been influenced by his childhood experiences of the English countryside of Worcestershire near Sarehole Mill, and its urbanisation by the growth of Birmingham,[T 75] and his personal experience of fighting in the trenches of the First World War.[31] Scholars and critics have identified many themes in the book, including a reversed quest,[32][33] the struggle of good and evil,[34] death and immortality,[35] fate and free will,[36] the addictive danger of power,[37] and various aspects of Christianity such as the presence of three Christ figures, for prophet, priest, and king, as well as elements like hope and redemptive suffering.[38][39][40][41] There is a common theme throughout the work of language, its sound, and its relationship to peoples and places, along with hints of providence in descriptions of weather and landscape.[42] Out of these, Tolkien stated that the central theme is death and immortality.[T 76] To those who supposed that the book was an allegory of events in the 20th century, Tolkien replied in the Foreword to the Second Edition that it was not, saying he preferred "history, true or feigned, with its varied applicability to the thought and experience of readers."[T 77] Some commentators have accused the book of being a story about men for boys, with no significant women; or about a purely rural world with no bearing on modern life in cities; of containing no sign of religion; or of racism. All of these charges have been rebutted by other commentators, who note that there are three powerful women in the book, Galadriel, Éowyn, and Arwen; that life, even in rural Hobbiton, is not idealised; that Christianity is a pervasive theme; and that Tolkien was sharply anti-racist both in peacetime and during the Second World War, while Middle-earth is evidently polycultural.[43][44][45] A dispute with his publisher, George Allen & Unwin, led to his offering the work to William Collins in 1950. Tolkien intended The Silmarillion (itself largely unrevised at this point) to be published along with The Lord of the Rings, but Allen & Unwin were unwilling to do this. After Milton Waldman, his contact at Collins, expressed the belief that The Lord of the Rings itself "urgently wanted cutting", Tolkien eventually demanded that they publish the book in 1952.[46] Collins did not; and so Tolkien wrote to Allen and Unwin, saying, "I would gladly consider the publication of any part of the stuff", fearing his work would never see the light of day.[10] For publication, the work was divided into three volumes to minimize any potential financial loss due to the high cost of type-setting and modest anticipated sales: The Fellowship of the Ring (Books I and II), The Two Towers (Books III and IV), and The Return of the King (Books V and VI plus six appendices).[47] Delays in producing appendices, maps and especially an index led to the volumes being published later than originally hoped – on 29 July 1954, on 11 November 1954 and on 20 October 1955 respectively in the United Kingdom.[48] In the United States, Houghton Mifflin published The Fellowship of the Ring on 21 October 1954, The Two Towers on 21 April 1955, and The Return of the King on 5 January 1956.[49] The Return of the King was especially delayed as Tolkien revised the ending and prepared appendices (some of which had to be left out because of space constraints). Tolkien did not like the title The Return of the King, believing it gave away too much of the storyline, but deferred to his publisher's preference.[50] Tolkien wrote that the title The Two Towers "can be left ambiguous,"[T 78] but considered naming the two as Orthanc and Barad-dûr, Minas Tirith and Barad-dûr, or Orthanc and the Tower of Cirith Ungol.[T 79] However, a month later he wrote a note published at the end of The Fellowship of the Ring and later drew a cover illustration, both of which identified the pair as Minas Morgul and Orthanc.[51][52] Tolkien was initially opposed to titles being given to each two-book volume, preferring instead the use of book titles: e.g. The Lord of the Rings: Vol. 1, The Ring Sets Out and The Ring Goes South; Vol. 2, The Treason of Isengard and The Ring Goes East; Vol. 3, The War of the Ring and The End of the Third Age. However, these individual book titles were dropped, and after pressure from his publishers, Tolkien suggested the volume titles: Vol. 1, The Shadow Grows; Vol. 2, The Ring in the Shadow; Vol. 3, The War of the Ring or The Return of the King.[53][54] Because the three-volume binding was so widely distributed, the work is often referred to as the Lord of the Rings "trilogy". In a letter to the poet W. H. Auden, who famously reviewed the final volume in 1956,[55] Tolkien himself made use of the term "trilogy" for the work[T 80] though he did at other times consider this incorrect, as it was written and conceived as a single book.[T 81] It is often called a novel; however, Tolkien objected to this term as he viewed it as a heroic romance.[T 82] The books were published under a profit-sharing arrangement, whereby Tolkien would not receive an advance or royalties until the books had broken even, after which he would take a large share of the profits.[56] It has ultimately become one of the best-selling novels ever written, with 50 million copies sold by 2003[57] and over 150 million copies sold by 2007.[2] The work was published in the UK by Allen & Unwin until 1990, when the publisher and its assets were acquired by HarperCollins.[58][59] In the early 1960s Donald A. Wollheim, science fiction editor of the paperback publisher Ace Books, claimed that The Lord of the Rings was not protected in the United States under American copyright law because Houghton Mifflin, the US hardcover publisher, had neglected to copyright the work in the United States.[60][61] Then, in 1965, Ace Books proceeded to publish an edition, unauthorized by Tolkien and without paying royalties to him. Tolkien took issue with this and quickly notified his fans of this objection.[62] Grass-roots pressure from these fans became so great that Ace Books withdrew their edition and made a nominal payment to Tolkien.[63][T 83] Authorized editions followed from Ballantine Books and Houghton Mifflin to tremendous commercial success. Tolkien undertook various textual revisions to produce a version of the book that would be published with his consent and establish an unquestioned US copyright. This text became the Second Edition of The Lord of the Rings, published in 1965.[63] The first Ballantine paperback edition was printed in October that year, selling a quarter of a million copies within ten months. On 4 September 1966, the novel debuted on The New York Times's Paperback Bestsellers list as number three, and was number one by 4 December, a position it held for eight weeks.[66] Houghton Mifflin editions after 1994 consolidate variant revisions by Tolkien, and corrections supervised by Christopher Tolkien, which resulted, after some initial glitches, in a computer-based unified text.[67] In 2004, for the 50th Anniversary Edition, Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull, under supervision from Christopher Tolkien, studied and revised the text to eliminate as many errors and inconsistencies as possible, some of which had been introduced by well-meaning compositors of the first printing in 1954, and never been corrected.[68] The 2005 edition of the book contained further corrections noticed by the editors and submitted by readers. Yet more corrections were made in the 60th Anniversary Edition in 2014.[69] Several editions, including the 50th Anniversary Edition, print the whole work in one volume, with the result that pagination varies widely over the various editions.[T 84] The work has been translated, with varying degrees of success, into at least 38,[b] and reportedly at least 70, languages.[71] Tolkien, an expert in philology, examined many of these translations, and made comments on each that reflect both the translation process and his work. As he was unhappy with some choices made by early translators, such as the Swedish translation by Åke Ohlmarks,[T 85] Tolkien wrote a "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings" (1967). Because The Lord of the Rings purports to be a translation of the fictitious Red Book of Westmarch, using the English language to represent the Westron of the "original", Tolkien suggested that translators attempt to capture the interplay between English and the invented nomenclature of the English work, and gave several examples along with general guidance.[72][73] Early reviews for The Lord of the Rings were mixed. The initial review in the Sunday Telegraph described it as "among the greatest works of imaginative fiction of the twentieth century".[74] The Sunday Times echoed this sentiment, stating that "the English-speaking world is divided into those who have read The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit and those who are going to read them."[74] The New York Herald Tribune appeared to predict the books' popularity, writing in its review that they were "destined to outlast our time".[75] W. H. Auden, a former pupil of Tolkien's and an admirer of his writings, regarded The Lord of the Rings as a "masterpiece", further stating that in some cases it outdid the achievement of John Milton's Paradise Lost.[76] Kenneth F. Slater wrote in Nebula Science Fiction, April 1955, "... if you don't read it, you have missed one of the finest books of its type ever to appear".[77][78] Even within Tolkien's literary group, The Inklings, the work had a mixed reception. Hugo Dyson complained loudly at its readings,[79][80] whereas C. S. Lewis had very different feelings, writing, "here are beauties which pierce like swords or burn like cold iron. Here is a book which will break your heart."[8] Lewis observed that the writing is rich, in that some of the 'good' characters have darker sides, and likewise some of the villains have "good impulses".[81] Despite the mixed reviews and the lack of a paperback until the 1960s, The Lord of the Rings initially sold well in hardback.[8] Judith Shulevitz, writing in The New York Times, criticized the "pedantry" of Tolkien's literary style, saying that he "formulated a high-minded belief in the importance of his mission as a literary preservationist, which turns out to be death to literature itself".[82] The critic Richard Jenkyns, writing in The New Republic, criticized the work for a lack of psychological depth. Both the characters and the work itself were, according to Jenkyns, "anemic, and lacking in fibre".[83] The science fiction author David Brin interprets the work as holding unquestioning devotion to a traditional hierarchical social structure.[84] In his essay "Epic Pooh", fantasy author Michael Moorcock critiques the world-view displayed by the book as deeply conservative, in both the "paternalism" of the narrative voice and the power structures in the narrative.[85] Tom Shippey, like Tolkien an English philologist, notes the wide gulf between Tolkien's supporters, both popular and academic, and his literary detractors, and attempts to explain in detail both why the literary establishment disliked The Lord of the Rings, and the work's subtlety, themes, and merits, including the impression of depth that it conveys.[86] In 1957, The Lord of the Rings was awarded the International Fantasy Award. Despite its numerous detractors, the publication of the Ace Books and Ballantine paperbacks helped The Lord of the Rings become immensely popular in the United States in the 1960s. The book has remained so ever since, ranking as one of the most popular works of fiction of the twentieth century, judged by both sales and reader surveys.[87] In the 2003 "Big Read" survey conducted in Britain by the BBC, The Lord of the Rings was found to be the "Nation's best-loved book". In similar 2004 polls both Germany[88] and Australia[89] chose The Lord of the Rings as their favourite book. In a 1999 poll of customers, The Lord of the Rings was judged to be their favourite "book of the millennium".[90] In 2019, the BBC News listed The Lord of the Rings on its list of the 100 most influential novels.[91] The Lord of the Rings has been adapted for radio, stage, film and television. The book has been adapted for radio four times. In 1955 and 1956, the BBC broadcast The Lord of the Rings, a 13-part radio adaptation of the story. In the 1960s radio station WBAI produced a short radio adaptation. A 1979 dramatization of The Lord of the Rings was broadcast in the United States and subsequently issued on tape and CD. In 1981, the BBC broadcast The Lord of the Rings, a new dramatization in 26 half-hour instalments.[92][93] A variety of filmmakers considered adapting Tolkien's book, among them Stanley Kubrick, who thought it unfilmable,[94][95] Michelangelo Antonioni,[96] Heinz Edelmann,[97] and John Boorman.[98] A Swedish live action television film, Sagan om ringen, was broadcast in 1971.[99] In 1978, Ralph Bakshi made an animated film version covering The Fellowship of the Ring and part of The Two Towers, to mostly poor reviews.[100] In 1980, Rankin/Bass released an animated TV special based on the closing chapters of The Return of the King, gaining mixed reviews.[101][102] In Finland, a live action television miniseries, Hobitit, was broadcast in 1993 based on The Lord of the Rings, with a flashback to Bilbo's encounter with Gollum in The Hobbit.[103][104] A far more successful adaptation was Peter Jackson's live action The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, produced by New Line Cinema and released in three instalments as The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002), and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003). All three parts won multiple Academy Awards, including consecutive Best Picture nominations. The final instalment of this trilogy was the second film to break the one-billion-dollar barrier and won a total of 11 Oscars (something only two other films in history, Ben-Hur and Titanic, have accomplished), including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay.[105][106] Commentators including Tolkien scholars, literary critics and film critics are divided on , and if so the reasons for any changes, and the effectiveness of the result.[107] The Hunt for Gollum, a 2009 film by Chris Bouchard,[108][109] and the 2009 Born of Hope, written by Paula DiSante and directed by Kate Madison, are fan films based on details in the appendices of The Lord of the Rings.[110] In 2017, Amazon acquired the global television rights to The Lord of the Rings for a multi-season television series of new stories set before The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings,[111] based on Tolkien's descriptions of events of the Second Age of Middle-earth.[112] In 1990, Recorded Books published an audio version of The Lord of the Rings,[113] read by the British actor Rob Inglis. A large-scale musical theatre adaptation, The Lord of the Rings, was first staged in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 2006 and opened in London in June 2007; it was a commercial failure.[114] The enormous popularity of Tolkien's work expanded the demand for fantasy. Largely thanks to The Lord of the Rings, the genre flowered throughout the 1960s and enjoys popularity to the present day. The opus has spawned many imitations, such as The Sword of Shannara, which Lin Carter called "the single most cold-blooded, complete rip-off of another book that I have ever read".[115] The Legend of Zelda, which popularized the action-adventure game genre in the 1980s, was inspired by The Lord of the Rings among other fantasy books.[116][117] Dungeons & Dragons, which popularized the role-playing game genre in the 1970s, features several races from The Lord of the Rings, including halflings (hobbits), elves, dwarves, half-elves, orcs, and dragons. However, Gary Gygax, lead designer of the game, maintained that he was influenced very little by The Lord of the Rings, stating that he included these elements as a marketing move to draw on the popularity the work enjoyed at the time he was developing the game.[118] Because Dungeons & Dragons has gone on to influence many popular role-playing video games, the influence of The Lord of the Rings extends to many of them, with titles such as Dragon Quest,[119][120] the Ultima series, EverQuest, the Warcraft series, and The Elder Scrolls series of games[121] as well as video games set in Middle-earth itself. In 1965, the songwriter Donald Swann, best known for his collaboration with Michael Flanders as Flanders & Swann, set six poems from The Lord of the Rings and one from The Adventures of Tom Bombadil ("Errantry") to music. When Swann met with Tolkien to play the songs for his approval, Tolkien suggested for "Namárië" (Galadriel's lament) a setting reminiscent of plain chant, which Swann accepted.[122] The songs were published in 1967 as The Road Goes Ever On: A Song Cycle,[123] and a recording of the songs performed by singer William Elvin with Swann on piano was issued that same year by Caedmon Records as Poems and Songs of Middle Earth.[124] Rock bands of the 1970s were musically and lyrically inspired by the fantasy-embracing counter-culture of the time. The British rock band Led Zeppelin recorded several songs that contain explicit references to The Lord of the Rings, such as mentioning Gollum and Mordor in "Ramble On", the Misty Mountains in "Misty Mountain Hop", and Ringwraiths in "The Battle of Evermore". In 1970, the Swedish musician Bo Hansson released an instrumental concept album entitled Sagan om ringen ("The Saga of the Ring", the title of the Swedish translation at the time).[125] The album was subsequently released internationally as Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings in 1972.[125] From the 1980s onwards, many heavy metal acts have been influenced by Tolkien.[126] In 1988, the Dutch composer and trombonist Johan de Meij completed his Symphony No. 1 "The Lord of the Rings". It had 5 movements, titled "Gandalf", "Lothlórien", "Gollum", "Journey in the Dark", and "Hobbits".[127] The Lord of the Rings has had a profound and wide-ranging impact on popular culture, beginning with its publication in the 1950s, but especially during the 1960s and 1970s, when young people embraced it as a countercultural saga.[128] "Frodo Lives!" and "Gandalf for President" were two phrases popular amongst United States Tolkien fans during this time.[129] Its impact is such that the words "Tolkienian" and "Tolkienesque" have entered the Oxford English Dictionary, and many of his fantasy terms, formerly little-known in English, such as "Orc" and "Warg", have become widespread in that domain.[130] Among its effects are numerous parodies, especially Harvard Lampoon's Bored of the Rings, which has had the distinction of remaining continuously in print from its publication in 1969, and of being translated into at least 11 languages.[131] In 1969, Tolkien sold the merchandising rights to The Lord of The Rings (and The Hobbit) to United Artists under an agreement stipulating a lump sum payment of £10,000[132] plus a 7.5% royalty after costs,[133] payable to Allen & Unwin and the author.[134] In 1976, three years after the author's death, United Artists sold the rights to Saul Zaentz Company, who now trade as Tolkien Enterprises. Since then all "authorised" merchandise has been signed off by Tolkien Enterprises, although the intellectual property rights of the specific likenesses of characters and other imagery from various adaptations is generally held by the adaptors.[135] Outside any commercial exploitation from adaptations, from the late 1960s onwards there has been an increasing variety of original licensed merchandise, from posters and calendars created by illustrators such as Barbara Remington.[136] The work was named Britain's best novel of all time in the BBC's The Big Read.[137] In 2015, the BBC ranked The Lord of the Rings 26th on its list of the 100 greatest British novels.[138] It was included in Le Monde's list of "100 Books of the Century".[139]
Table_3_Biodiversity and Species Change in the Arctic Ocean: A View Through the Lens of Nares Strait.xlsx (18.45 kB) Download (18.45 kB) posted on 14.08.2019, 12:56 by Dimitri Kalenitchenko, Nathalie Joli, Marianne Potvin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Connie Lovejoy Nares Strait is the northern most outflow gateway of the Arctic Ocean, with a direct connection to the remaining multi-year ice covered central Arctic Ocean. Nares Strait itself flows into the historically highly productive North Water Polynya (Pikialasorsuaq). Satellite data show that Nares Strait ice is retreating earlier in the season. The early season surface chlorophyll signal, which was a characteristic of the North Water, has also moved north into Nares Strait. However, given the vast differences in the hydrography and physical oceanographic structure of the North Water and Nares Strait there is no a priori reason to assume that the species assemblages and overall productivity of this region between Greenland and Canada will be maintained in the face of ongoing sea ice decline. The North Water’s high marine mammal and bird populations are dependent on seasonally persistent diatom dominated phytoplankton productivity, and although there have been several studies on North Water phytoplankton, virtually nothing is known about the communities in Nares Strait. Here we investigated the microbial eukaryotes, including phytoplankton in Nares Strait using high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Samples were collected from Kennedy Channel below the northern ice edge of Nares Strait through the Kane Basin and into the northern limit of the North Water. The physical oceanographic structure and initial community rapidly changed between the faster flowing Kennedy Channel and the comparatively wider shallower Kane Basin. The community changes were evident in both the upper euphotic zone and the deeper aphotic zone. Heterotrophic taxa were found in the deeper waters along with ice algae that would have originated further to the north following release from the ice. Although there was a high proportion of pan-Arctic species throughout, the Nares Strait system showed little in common with the Northern North Water station, suggesting a lack of connectivity. We surmise that a direct displacement of the rich North Water ecosystem is not likely to occur. Overall our study supported the notion that the microbial eukaryotic community, which supports ecosystem function and secondary productivity is shaped by a balance of historic and current processes, which differed by seascape.
Benin Map and Satellite Image Benin Bordering Countries: Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Togo Regional Maps: Map of Africa, World Map Where is Benin? Benin Satellite Image Benin Information: Benin is located in western Africa. Benin is bordered by the Bight of Benin, Nigeria to the east, Niger to the north, and Burkina Faso and Togo to the west. Explore Benin Using Google Earth: Google Earth is a free program from Google that allows you to explore satellite images showing the cities and landscapes of Benin and all of Africa in fantastic detail. It works on your desktop computer, tablet, or mobile phone. The images in many areas are detailed enough that you can see houses, vehicles and even people on a city street. Google Earth is free and easy-to-use. Benin on a World Wall Map: Benin On a Large Wall Map of Africa: Benin Cities: Abomey, Allada, Babana, Banikoara, Bembereke, Birni, Bohicon, Bori, Cotonou, Counarou, Djidja, Djougou, Gogounou, Grand Popo, Guene, Kandi, Lokossa, Malanville, Natitingou, Ndali, Okounfo, Ouidah, Paouignan, Parakou, Pira, Pobe, Porga, Porto-Novo, Sakete, Save, Sonsoro and Tchaourou. Benin Locations: Atlantic Ocean, Bight of Benin, Gulf of Guinea, Oti River and Oueme River. Benin Natural Resources: Benin has exploitable deposits of limestone and marble and the potential for a small amount of offshore oil. Timber is also a resource. Benin Natural Hazards: Natural hazards for Benin include the hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind. This may affect the northern part of the country from December to March. Benin Environmental Issues: Some environmental issues for Benin, in western Africa, are: deforestation; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water. As well as these land and water issues, the country's wildlife populations are threatened by poaching.
Lunar gold rush could lead to conflict on Earth (ORDO NEWS) — Everyone wants the same thing from the moon. Not in the sense that they have common goals, but in the fact that all players are targeting the same strategic targets – both government agencies and the private sector. This is because if you want to do science or make money, you need things like water and light. Many countries and private companies have ambitious plans for exploration or production on the Moon. This will not happen someday, but soon – even in this decade. This will create tensions on the ground unless a way is found to remedy the situation soon. So far, much of the debate around Moon exploration and mining has focused on tensions in space between government agencies and the private sector. But an urgent problem arises from limited strategic resources. Critical sites for science are also important for building infrastructure by government agencies or commercial users. Such places include “peaks of eternal light” (where sunlight is almost always present, and therefore access to energy) and permanently shaded craters in polar regions where water ice is present. Each is rare, and the combination of the two – ice at the bottom of the crater and a narrow peak of eternal light at the rim of the crater – is a valuable target for different players. But they are found only in the polar regions, and not in the equatorial areas outlined by the Apollo program in the 1960s and 1970s. The recent successful landing of Chang’e 5 was aimed at a relatively smooth landing site on the near side of the Moon, but it is part of a larger phased program that should take China’s space agency towards the Moon’s south pole by 2024. India tried a more direct polar route, with its failed Chandrayaan-2 lander crashed in the same region in 2019. Roskosmos, in collaboration with the European Space Agency, also targeted the South Polar region for a landing in late 2021 and in 2023, at Boguslavsky crater, as a test mission. Roscosmos will then target the Aitken Basin in the same region in 2022 to search for water in permanently shaded areas. A number of private companies also have ambitious plans to extract resources on the moon. Strategic resources that are absent in the polar regions are concentrated rather than evenly distributed. Thorium and uranium, which can be used as radioactive fuel, are found together in 34 regions less than 80 km wide. Iron from asteroid impacts can be found in wider areas, from 30 to 300 kilometers across, but there are only about 20 such areas. And then there is the plan for lunar resources, mined in dozens of sci-fi films: helium-3 for nuclear fusion. Scattered by the Sun into powdery crushed rock on the surface of the Moon, it is present in wide swaths of the Moon, but the highest concentrations are found in only 8 regions, all relatively small (less than 50 km across). This data will be of interest both to those who are trying to create infrastructure on the Moon, and then target Mars, and for commercial exploitation (mining) or science – for example, to create telescopic groups on the far side of the Moon, away from the growing noise of human communication … How, then, to deal with the problem? The Outer Space Treaty (1967) states that “the exploration and use of outer space should be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries and should be the property of all mankind.” States cannot claim ownership of parts of the moon, but they can still use them. Where this will lead in disputes and mining by private companies is unclear. Proposed successors to therapy, such as the 1979 Moon Agreement, are seen as overly restrictive, requiring a formal system of laws and an ambitious international regulatory regime. The agreement did not find support among key players, including the United States, Russia and China. Later steps, such as the Artemis Accords – a set of guidelines for the Artemis crewed lunar exploration program – are perceived to be heavily tied to the US program. At its worst, this lack of framework can lead to increased tensions on Earth. But it can also lead to unnecessary duplication of infrastructure where everyone builds their own stuff. This will increase costs for individual organizations, which will have reasons to try to recoup them in ways that could jeopardize the capabilities of science and the legacy that we will leave to future generations. Our best initial response may be humble, based on the underrated places on Earth. Small basins of terrestrial resources such as lakes bordering several villages or fish stocks are often managed using approaches developed locally by key players. This suggests that the first step towards managing lunar resources will be to reach agreement among users. This should focus on the nature of the resources in question, how their benefits should be allocated, and, most importantly, on the worst-case scenarios they seek to avoid. For example, actors will need to decide whether the peaks of eternal light should be managed as a piece of high-value real estate or as a volume of generated energy to be shared. It may be worth making a decision on an individual basis. Another challenge will be to ensure compliance with the emerging governance mechanisms. To this end, lunar users would be well advised to build shared facilities, such as landing and supply facilities, so that they function as an incentive that could deter misbehaving actors. Such partial solutions will be difficult to add after a country or company has made irreversible investments in mission projects. One thing is clear: the time has come to develop these approaches. Contact us: [email protected] Our Standards, Terms of Use: Standard Terms And Conditions.
What Are the Effects of Hemophilia? • 1 1 Answer Hemophilia can affect patients’ life in many aspects, such emotion, socialization and articulations. The most common effect of hemophilia is prolonged bleeding. People with hemophilia are likely to bleed for a long time just because of a small cut. However, internal bleeding occurs from time to time in severe cases. The consequences are more serious, including arthritis and even death. Hemophilia can also do harm to your articulations. In most hemophiliac patients, bleeding often occurs within the joints. As hemophilia can cause prolonged bleeding, the synovium can be forced to hypertrophy. As a result, a vicious cycle of chronic synovitis develops, which can lead to joint destruction. Keywords: effects hemophilia
Antisocial Behavior and Brain Structure 26 May, 2020 Research published in The Lancet reveals that antisocial problems could be explained by changes in brain structure. These findings add to previous research along the same lines. Continue reading to find out more about it. In their psychiatry section, The Lancet published the latest research on the human brain carried out by University College of London (UCL) in February 2020. The article explores the association between antisocial behavior and brain structure. Firstly, this research was a collaboration between the London institution and researchers from New Zealand, where the research participants came from as well. The Queen Mary Hospital in New Zealand provided these participants. To carry out the research, they did nuclear magnetic resonances on more than 600 people who were 45 years old at the time of the imaging test. These 600 people are part of a larger unit comprising of more than 1,000. The New Zealanders have been studying them since childhood. Their intention was to determine the factors that can influence a person throughout their life and make them antisocial or addicted. If they could detect these factors then it would be possible to influence in a positive way and prevent crimes, for example. They measured the thickness of the cerebral cortex and the amount of gray matter through the resonances they did on the research participants. These data allowed a comparison between those who displayed antisocial behavior and those who didn’t. What and who is antisocial? OK, but what exactly is antisocial behavior? This is a difficult concept to define since it varies according to the age and culture of those involved. Europeans may have a different idea to Americans of what’s antisocial. So, we could define antisocial behavior as anything a person does that’s contrary to the interests of their society. Thus, it’s a way of living and acting that violates the norms established by the majority. Antisocial behavior ranges from traffic infractions to a violent crime. Also, some addictive teenage practices could fall into this category. For instance, stealing alcohol from adults. In the background, antisocial behavior reveals that a person rebels against authority. Be it their parents or the police. One can also understand this behavior as a challenge to established institutions. There doesn’t have to be a pathology that accompanies antisocial behaviors. Most of the time it’s only a way of acting up that doesn’t appear in clinical psychiatric literature. In any case, science established the existence of something called antisocial personality disorder. These people are impulsive and repeatedly break the rules. Also, they don’t regret their transgressions. This diagnosis only applies to those over the age of 18. Magnetic resonance images. The investigation performed MRIs on more than 600 individuals. Keep reading: Eight Things Socially Intelligent People Never Do Results of the investigation The research published in The Lancet indicates that the participants were divided into three groups: • 80 people with a history of antisocial problems • 151 people who had an antisocial record limited to their adolescence • 441 people with no record of previous antisocial conducts The researchers learned significant things in the first group. The brain MRIs of these people showed a shrinking of the cerebral cortex when compared to the others. In addition, they had a somewhat smaller amount of gray matter. Also, there were no differences between the group with antisocial problems in adolescence and those with no history. This reveals that certain behaviors at an early age are more cultural than biological. What’s evident is the change in brain architecture that a small part of the population may have, perhaps in relation to antisocial types of behavior. Those changes could explain the antisocial personality that persistently manifests over the years. A person being booked. Antisocial problems can lead to serious crimes. Find out more: The Most Common Mental Illnesses Previous studies on antisocial behavior and the brain The results published in The Lancet merely added to a chain of previous research on the same subject. Various universities have been studying the topic at different ages and in different countries. Teenagers with antisocial problems, for example, had alterations in the frontal and temporal regions of their brains. Also, more seriously, violent convicts have less gray matter. Specifically, researchers had been on the trail of the emotion zone in the brain to find an association. Assuming that antisocial problems are due to a lack of empathy, it was logical to look for changes there. The results indicated that antisocial teens had smaller brain tonsils, and the amygdala is the seat of empathy. We can conclude that this new research confirms that antisocial problems have a certain relationship with the structure and architecture of the brain. These changes are one more factor that determines antisocial behavior in a person’s life. • Romero-Valle, Erika J., and Gabriela Orozco-Calderón. “La conducta antisocial delictiva en la adolescencia y las funciones ejecutivas.” Ciencia & Futuro 7.1 (2017): 109-131. • Gregory, Sarah, et al. “The antisocial brain: psychopathy matters: a structural MRI investigation of antisocial male violent offenders.” Archives of general psychiatry 69.9 (2012): 962-972. • Hecht, David. “Cerebral lateralization of pro-and anti-social tendencies.” Experimental neurobiology 23.1 (2014): 1-27. • Vázquez, Mª José, Francisca Fariña, and Dolores Seijo. “Teorías explicativas del comportamiento agresivo y antisocial desde una perspectiva neuro-fisiobiológica.” Avances en torno al comportamiento antisocial, evaluación y tratamiento (2003): 17-38.
1 Step 1 Freehold is the term given to a method of ownership whereby the owner has complete ownership over both the property and the land it sits on. This should apply to both the main property and to any outbuildings on the parcel of land that comes with it. Freehold ownership is different to leasehold ownership. The latter gives the property owner the right to own the property for the term length specified. However, their rights do not extend to the land on which the building was constructed. A common example concerns a block of flats, where each flat would be on a leasehold basis. While leaseholds are set for a specific period, freehold ownership has no limit to its length. Therefore, a freehold property and its applicable land would be owned outright, with no end date in sight for the term. In this scenario, a freehold ownership can be passed down through generations of the same family. In some cases, other parties may potentially have certain rights of access even when a property and its land are subject to a freehold agreement. For example, bylaws may state that a public footpath crosses a portion of the land held by the owner. In this case, ramblers and walkers would legally have the right to use that footpath, although they could not stray off it onto other parts of the land covered by the freehold. Such elements should be highlighted in the details covering the land if the property is up for sale, so the potential new owners are aware of any such laws or restrictions. Call us FREE on 08000 320 316
Top Answer User Avatar Wiki User Answered 2011-01-30 17:43:23 The past tense of wear is wore. The past participle is worn. Woren isn't used as either. The present tense of wear is wearing. User Avatar Your Answer Related Questions untie is present tense. untied would be past tense. Choose is the correct spelling for the present tense. 'Fought' is the past tense. The present tense is 'fight'. Stole is past tense. Steal is the present tense. The present tense conjugations of the verb depend (counts on) are :I, you, we, they dependhe, she, or it depends The present tense is occur. The past tense is occurred. "Puppet" is a noun. It does not change form from present tense to a past tense. That's correct for present tense Relax(present)(future) Relaxed(past) I/you/we/they choose. He/she/it chooses. The present participle is choosing. I/you/we/they ski. He/she/it skis. The present participle is skiing. The present tense of this verb is choose (select); the past tense is chose. TENSE : (noun) the time form of a verb ("present tense") TENSE : (adjective) nervous, pressured, harried ("feeling tense") The verb to time has the present tense time, or times. The past tense is "timed." I/you/we/they worship. He/she/it worships. The present participle is worshiping. The present tense of the word put is spelt putting. The present tense - dye or dyes (3rd person singular). The present continuous - is dyeing The present perfect - have dyed / has dyed The present perfect continuous - have been dyeing/ has been dyeing That is the correct spelling of "watches" (plural noun or present tense). The present tense of to organize is organizes(puts in order, arranges). The verb spell is conjugated:I spellyou spellhe, she spellswe spellthey spell The verb is is the present tense. The verb is to try. If you are using have, it is the present perfect tense "I have tried."
Top Answer User Avatar Wiki User Answered 2012-03-23 03:18:53 they were neutral in ww1 but was invaded by germans cause hitler couldnt get enough User Avatar Your Answer Related Questions I didn't fight at all, which side did you fight on. The Allies side against Germany. Switzerland was neutral in World War 2 and so did not fight anyone. Switzerland did not fight on any side in during both world wars it chose to stay neutral. Germany and Japan were on the same side in World War II.In World War I Japan was on the Allied side and fought against Germany. Yes, Russia did fight against Germany in World War 2 with England and USA on Russia's side. Spain was a Neutral country in World War 2, and did not fight on either side. World War I was the first war that blacks fought side by side with whites in full integrated units. They also fought together in World War II. The US fought on the side of the Allies. The other side was called the Axis. Spain didn't fight because they were nuteral Switzerland was neutral during both World Wars. how did they fight in the world war 2 Churchill fought with the allies during the world war. Norway was occupied by German troops early in the war. Russia fought on the Entente side against Germany and was defeated. Depends on what side your talking about (US or Germany) Wales is part of the UK, so they were Allies. hitler did fight in world war 1yes
Ransomware is real and a threat. Ransomware can affect you. At what first looked like a cyber attack on hospitals located in the UK, but it is now apparent that this malicious “ransomware software” has far spread all over the world. Even Russia and the United States have been hit hard. Experts are referring to this as cyber-crime, and some are going as far as cyber-terrorism. How ransomware works are rather simple. It will arrive in an email that seems harmless enough containing either a link or an attachment. If you click the link or open the attachment, the malicious software is downloaded onto your computer, locking all of your files and then it spreads to your network, locking other computers. Then, a message pops up on your screen that if you want your data unlocked, you will need to pay a ransom. The currency requested is usually in BitCoin. How can you protect yourself? The first thing you need to do is make sure you have the proper security software installed on your computers and your network. Next, make sure that software is up-to-date. One of the biggest issues for security breaches is software that is not updated. Finally, there is common sense. Never click a link or open an attachment if you don’t know the person. And if you do know the person, but the email seems a little odd, don’t click or open anything and contact the person by phone or text message to see if they sent it. Always be precautious as your data could be compromised if you are not.
Ice. Wind. Heavy snow. Any or all can cause tree limbs to snap and take down power lines. Candles and flashlights can alleviate the light problem, but refrigerators and freezers minus electricity aren't as easily remedied. If the power goes out, open the refrigerator or freezer door as little as possible to keep the cold air inside. A full freezer will stay at freezing temperatures for about two days, a half-full freezer about one day. A refrigerator will maintain its temperature for about four hours without electricity. For longer outages, block ice or dry ice can help to keep foods sufficiently chilled. About 25 pounds of dry ice will keep a 10 cubic-foot freezer full of food safe for three to four days. Because dry ice has a temperature of minus 109.3 degrees, it can burn bare hands and foods it touches. Wear gloves to handle dry ice, and separate it from foods with a piece of cardboard. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Meat and Poultry Hotline does not recommend storing foods outdoors, even if the temperature is below freezing. But take advantage of the cold weather to make ice. Fill buckets, milk containers or plastic soda or water bottles with water, and station them in a shaded place outdoors until the water freezes. Use the containers to chill coolers, the refrigerator or the freezer. Just as a meat thermometer is the best way to check the doneness of a roast or chicken, an appliance thermometer can help to determine when foods can be saved or should be discarded. If the freezer temperature is 40 degrees or below, the food can be refrozen safely. (Without the benefit of a thermometer, check the foods visually and by touch. A frozen food that has ice crystals can be refrozen.) The refrigerator also should remain below 40 degrees. Perishable foods subject to temperatures above 40 degrees for more than two hours are fodder for the trash. If the power is out for two hours or less, refrigerated foods should be safe to eat. If the foods are subject to temperatures above 40 degrees for more than two hours, use this guide to determine what to keep and what to throw out. Fresh, leftover or thawing meat, poultry, fish Meat, egg or fish salads Cold cuts, hot dogs, bacon, sausage Gravy, stuffing Opened canned fish or meats, including hams labeled "keep refrigerated" Soft cheeses such as brie, ricotta, cottage and mozzarella, shredded cheese or low-fat cheese Milk, cream, sour cream, buttermilk, yogurt Baby formula Fresh or hard-cooked eggs Custards and puddings Casseroles, soups or stews Fresh cut fruit Opened mayonnaise, tartar sauce, horseradish, white wine Worcestershire sauce, fish sauce, hoisin sauce Opened creamy sauces Opened jarred spaghetti sauce Refrigerator biscuits, rolls, cookie dough Fresh pasta, cooked pasta and pasta salads Cheesecake, cream- or cheese-filled pies and pastries Pre-cut, pre-washed packaged greens Cooked vegetables, baked potatoes, potato salad Opened vegetable juice Commercial garlic in oil Safe To Keep Hard cheeses such as cheddar, Swiss, Parmesan Processed cheeses Grated Parmesan or Romano cheeses Butter, margarine Opened canned fruit Whole fresh fruits, coconut, dried fruits Peanut butter Jelly; relish; taco, barbecue and soy sauces; mustard, ketchup, olives Opened vinegar-based dressings Breads, rolls, cakes, muffins, quick breads, bagels, waffles, pancakes Fruit pies Fresh mushrooms, herbs, spices Raw vegetables With the exception of ice cream and frozen yogurt, frozen foods that still contain ice crystals and feel refrigerator-cold to the touch can be refrozen. Some foods, such as fish, fruits, vegetables, pie crust and bread dough, may suffer changes in texture and flavor, although they will be safe to eat. If foods have thawed and have been subjected to temperatures above 40 degrees for more than two hours, use this guide to decide what to toss and what to refreeze: Meat, poultry, casseroles, stews, soups, fish All dairy products with the exception of hard cheese Vegetables and vegetable juices if held above 40 degrees for more than 6 hours Custard-, cheese- or cream-filled pastries, cakes or pies Frozen meals, convenience foods, pizza Hard cheese Fruit juices, fruit, unless moldy, yeast-smelling or slimy Breads, rolls, muffins, plain cakes Waffles, pancakes, bagels Copyright © 2021, Hartford Courant
Liver Detoxification Phase II Support Liver Detoxification Phase II Support: Overview The liver is one of the most important organs in the body when it comes to detoxifying or getting rid of foreign substances or toxins, especially from the gut. The liver plays a key role in most metabolic processes, especially detoxification. Diagnose your symptoms now! • understand what's happening to your body • have a doctor review your case (optional) • identify any nutritional deficiencies The liver detoxifies harmful substances by a complex series of chemical reactions. The role of these various enzyme activities in the liver is to convert fat-soluble toxins into water-soluble substances that can be excreted in the urine or the bile depending on the particular characteristics of the end product. Many of the toxic chemicals that enter the body are fat-soluble, which means they dissolve only in fatty or oily solutions and not in water. This makes them difficult for the body to excrete. Fat-soluble chemicals have a high affinity for fat tissues and cell membranes, which are composed of fatty acids and proteins. In these fatty tissues of the body, toxins may be stored for years, being released during times of exercise, stress or fasting. During the release of these toxins, several symptoms such as headaches, poor memory, stomach pain, nausea, fatigue, dizziness and palpitations can occur. Function; Why it is Recommended Simply speaking, the body's natural liver detoxification process involves two steps; Phase 1 and Phase 2. A toxin initially enters Phase 1, the P-450 cytochrome system, and is reduced to smaller fragments. These fragments then progress to Phase 2, where they are bound to molecules such as glutathione, glycine and sulfate. This process creates a new non-toxic molecule that can be excreted in the bile, urine or stool. In effect, Phase 1 either directly neutralizes a toxin, or modifies the toxic chemical to form activated intermediates which are then neutralized by one of more of the several Phase 2 enzyme systems. In Phase 1, a toxic chemical is converted into a less harmful chemical. This is achieved by various chemical reactions (such as oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis), and during this process free radicals are produced which, if excessive, can damage the liver cells. Antioxidants reduce the damage caused by these free radicals. If antioxidants are lacking and toxin exposure is high, toxic chemicals become far more dangerous. Some may be converted from relatively harmless substances into potentially carcinogenic substances. One or both detoxification phases can be inefficient or overloaded. A particularly damaging combination in an ill person is an excessive overload of toxins coming into Phase 1, with an inefficient Phase 2. In some cases this combination is believed to be the cause of marked environmental sensitivities, drug intolerances and interactions that characterize many chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia patients. Patients with underactive Phase 1 detoxification will experience an intolerance to caffeine, perfumes and other environmental chemicals, and an increased risk for liver disease, while those with an overactive system will be relatively unaffected by caffeine drinks. Caffeine is an example of a chemical directly neutralized by Phase 1. One way of objectively determining the activity of Phase 1 is to measure how efficiently a person detoxifies caffeine. Using this test, a surprising fivefold difference in the detoxification rates of apparently healthy adult has been noted. Substances that activate Phase I detoxification: • Drugs: alcohol; nicotine in cigarette smoke; Phenobarbital; sulfonamides; steroids • Foods: cabbage, broccoli, and brussels sprouts; charcoal-broiled meats; high-protein diet; oranges and tangerines (but not grapefruits) • Nutrients: niacin; vitamin B1; vitamin C • Herbs: caraway and dill seeds • Environmental toxins: carbon tetrachloride; exhaust fumes; paint fumes; dioxin; pesticides Grapefruit juice, which contains naringenin, slows down Phase I enzyme activity. It decreases the rate of elimination of drugs from the blood and has been found to substantially alter their clinical activity and toxicity. Eight ounces of grapefruit juice contains enough of the flavonoid naringenin to decrease cytochrome P450 activity by a remarkable 30%. Phase II Detoxification This is called the conjugation pathway, whereby the liver cells add another substance (eg. cysteine, glycine or a sulfur molecule) to a toxic chemical or drug, to render it less harmful. This makes the toxin or drug water-soluble, so it can then be excreted from the body via watery fluids such as bile or urine. Individual xenobiotics and metabolites usually follow one or two distinct pathways. There are essentially six phase II detoxification pathways: • Glutathione conjugation • Amino acid conjugation • Methylation • Sulfation • Acetylation • Glucuronidation The conjugation molecules are acted upon by specific enzymes to catalyze the reaction step. Through conjugation, the liver is able to turn drugs, hormones and various toxins into excretable substances. For efficient Phase Two detoxification, the liver cells require sulfur-containing amino acids such as taurine and cysteine. The nutrients glycine, glutamine, choline and inositol are also required for efficient phase two detoxification. The rate at which Phase 1 produces activated intermediates must be balanced by the rate at which Phase 2 finishes its processing. People with a very active Phase 1 detoxification system coupled with slow or inactive Phase 2 enzymes are termed pathological detoxifiers. These people suffer unusually severe toxic reactions to environmental poisons. A liver detoxification test can pinpoint exactly how efficiently your liver is carrying out the detoxification process and if you are a pathological detoxifier. An imbalance between Phase I and Phase II can also occur when a person is exposed to large amounts of toxins or exposed to toxins for a long period of time. In these situations, the critical nutrients needed for Phase II detoxification are depleted, which allows the highly toxic activated intermediates to build up. Proper functioning of the liver's detoxification systems is especially important for the prevention of cancer. Up to 90% of all cancers are thought to be due to the effects of environmental carcinogens, such as those in cigarette smoke, food, water, and air, combined with deficiencies of the nutrients the body needs for proper functioning of the detoxification and immune systems. The level of exposure to environmental carcinogens varies widely, as does the efficiency of the detoxification enzymes, particularly Phase 2. High levels of exposure to carcinogens coupled with slow detoxification enzymes significantly increases susceptibility to cancer. When optimum nutrition is provided, the liver operates efficiently. Many (and perhaps most) people do not eat the right kinds of foods to provide the liver with everything it needs for the elimination of the extra toxins that the body is exposed to daily. If nutrition is compromised through poor dietary and lifestyle habits, this will impede detoxification processes, and other organs will suffer as the body retains these toxins. When working properly, the liver clears 99% of the bacteria and other toxins during the first pass. However, when the liver is damaged, such as in alcoholics, the passage of toxins increases by over a factor of 10. The liver's Phase 2 detoxification process involves the synthesis and secretion of bile. Each day the liver manufactures approximately 1 quart of bile, which serves as a carrier in which many toxic substances are dumped into the intestines. In the intestines, the bile and its toxic load are absorbed by fiber and excreted. However, a diet low in fiber results in inadequate binding and reabsorption of the toxins. This problem is magnified when bacteria in the intestine modify these toxins to more damaging forms. If a patient is very ill with severe toxic symptoms, hepatic detoxification must be performed very slowly and gradually. It is always preferable first to reduce toxin exposure and any liver inflammation. In addition, leaky gut syndrome should be addressed and repaired prior to any liver detoxification. An efficient liver detoxification system is vital to health and in order to support this process it is essential that many key nutrients are included in the diet. Vitamins and minerals – particularly the B vitamins – play a major role, acting as cofactors for many enzyme systems including those of liver detoxification, therefore ensuring a plentiful supply of the B-complex group of vitamins is of prime importance for optimum detoxification. Liver Detoxification Support can be achieved through both nutritional means and botanical medicines. Nutritional factors – including antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin C, beta-carotene, and vitamin E – are obviously important in protecting the liver from damage as well as helping in the detoxification mechanisms. However, even simple nutrients like the B-vitamins, calcium, and trace minerals are critical in the elimination of heavy metals and other toxic compounds from the body. The lipotropic agents, choline, betaine, methionine, vitamin B6, folic acid, and vitamin B12, are useful as they promote the flow of fat and bile to and from the liver. Lipotropic formulas have been used for a wide variety of conditions by nutrition-oriented physicians including a number of liver disorders such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and chemical-induced liver disease. Lipotropic formulas appear to increase the levels of SAM and glutathioneMethionine, choline, and betaine have been shown to increase the levels of SAM. Depletion of vitamin C may impair the detoxification process; vitamin C also prevents free radical formation. Vitamin E and selenium are cofactors for glutathione peroxidase activity as well as being powerful antioxidants in themselves. Other nutrients which play vital roles in the Phase II pathway include amino acids glycine, cysteine, glutamine, methionine, taurine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Botanical medicines include a long list of plants which exert beneficial effects on liver function. However, the most impressive research has been done on silymarin, the flavonoids extracted from milk thistle (silybum marianum). These compounds exert a substantial effect on protecting the liver from damage as well as enhancing detoxification processes. Silymarin prevents damage to the liver through several mechanisms: by acting as an antioxidant, by increasing the synthesis of glutathione and by increasing the rate of liver tissue regeneration. Silymarin is many times more potent in antioxidant activity than vitamin E and vitamin C. The protective effect of silymarin against liver damage has been demonstrated in numerous experimental studies. Silymarin has been shown to protect the liver from the damage produced by such liver-toxic chemicals as carbon tetrachloride, amanita toxin, galactosamine, and praseodymium nitrate. One of the key mechanisms by which silymarin enhances detoxification is by preventing the depletion of glutathione. Silymarin not only prevents the depletion of glutathione induced by alcohol and other toxic chemicals, but has been shown to increase the level of glutathione of the liver by up to 35%, even in normal individuals. In human studies, silymarin has been shown to have positive effects in treating liver diseases of various kinds, including cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, fatty infiltration of the liver, and inflammation of the bile duct. The standard dosage for silymarin is 70-210 mg three times/day. Curcumin, the compound that gives turmeric its yellow color, is interesting because it inhibits Phase I while stimulating Phase II. This effect can be very useful in preventing certain types of cancer. Curcumin has been found to inhibit carcinogens such as benzopyrene (found in charcoal-broiled meat) from inducing cancer in several animal models. It appears that the curcumin exerts its anti-carcinogenic activity by lowering the activation of carcinogens while increasing the detoxification of those that are activated. Curcumin has also been shown to directly inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Expected Outcome As patients improve clinically, serial testing of their liver detoxification capacity shows corresponding improvement. On This Page Liver Detoxification Phase II Support: Liver Detoxification Phase II Support can help with the following: Environmental Illness / MCS Reducing the body burden of chemicals can be enhanced by maximizing Phase II liver detoxification pathways with selected nutrients. Organ Health Concerned or curious about your health? Try The Analyst™ Symptom Entry Symptom Entry Full Explanations Optional Doctor Review Review (optional) Moderately useful: often helps with Moderately useful: often helps with Very useful: is highly recommended for Very useful: is highly recommended for
The flashcards below were created by user mund on FreezingBlue Flashcards. 1. location 11p15.5 chrom 11 ophalocele (umbilical hernia) ear lob creases large and prognathic mandible upper airway obstruction-open mouth posture Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome 2. Coloboma Heart disease choanal Atresia Retarded mental and somatic development Genital anomalies Ear anomalies mapped 8q12.1 CHARGE Syndrome 3. mask-like facies due to 6th and 7th CN lack of facial expression inability to produce bilabial consonants typically do not have CP Moebius Sequence 4. chrom 1 (1q32-q41) variable expression-lip pits Van der Woude Syndrome (VWS) 5. early mandibular hypoplasia micrognathia & retrognathia cleft palate bird-like faces MEE and conductive H/L Robin sequence 6. autosomal disorder chrom 12 (12q13.11-13.2) progressive sensory neural H/L flattened midface long face Stickler syndrome 7. microcephaly and small orbits short palpebral fissures epicanthal folds smooth philtrum and thin upper lip small nose underdeveloped mandible Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) 8. Chrom 22 (22q11.2) CP or non cleft VP inadequacy small stature cardia defects prominent nose narrow palpebral fissures malar deficiency upper lip retruded chin small, hands hooded eyelids hypernasal speech Velocardiofacial Syndrome (VCFS) 9. underdevelopment on one side of the face pre-auricular pits or tags epibulbar dermoid ocular coloboma weakness of mastication spectrum of anomalies -not a syndrome 3:2 male to female Hemifacial microsomia (HFMS) 10. chrom 5 (5q32-33.1) lower lid colobomas absent eye lashes downward slanting palpebral fissures depressed checkbones (malar hypoplasia) • mandibulofacial dysostosis • (Treacher Collins syndrome) 11. resembles MF dysostosis facial and limb deformities cheeck extensions of scalp hair external and ME malformations Nager Syndrome 12. clawlike hands and feet chrom 7 cleft lip and palate thin sparse hair, lashes, eyebrows brittle nails (hypoplastic) EEC Syndrome (Ectrodactyly, Ectodermal dyplasis, Cleft) 13. 4 syndromes of premature craniofacial synostosis? • Apert • Crouzon • Pfeiffer • Saethre Chotzen 14. mult deformities-skull, face, max, mand, hands, feet, joints chrom 10 (10q25.3-q26) fusion of C5-C6 foreshortened, vertically long skull beaked nose chronic airway and ear problems Apert syndrome (acrocephalosyndactyly) 15. chrome 10 skull is round shortened A-P dimension no limb deformities ocular proptosis CL III maloclussion parrot like nose Crouzon Syndrome (craniofacial dysostosis) 16. chrom 8 (8p11.2-p12) Type 1 chrom 10 Type 2 broad thumb and big toe otologic-conductive HL brachycephalic skull shape Pfeiffer Syndrome 17. chrom 7 low frontal hair line facial asymmetry ptosis (drooping) of the eye lid deviated septum digital-brachy, clinodactyly, partial syndactyly high forehead low set ears cervical spine fusions Saethre-chotzen syndrome Card Set Mod 7 Syndromes Show Answers
How to Be More Efficient When Photocopying In order to reduce the effects of climate change as much as possible, we all need to change our attitudes both at home and at work. We’re all guilty of turning up the thermostat rather than putting on a jumper or wasting paper by printing unnecessarily. However, if we want to become more energy efficient, saving both the environment and our money, we need to produce less waste, recycle more and try and use less energy to heat and light our properties. If your job requires you to use a photocopier quite a lot, you should consider ways in which you can be more efficient. For example, make sure switch it off at night time and perhaps even during your lunch break. Photocopiers tend to use a lot of energy to power up, so there’s no point in switching it off for short bursts; only do so if it’s not going to be used for an hour or longer. It’s a good idea to set up your photocopier so that it prints double sided. This will limit the amount of paper used. What’s more, you could invest in a machine that has a security option, meaning it will only print documents when the user has confirmed before something copies; otherwise you can expect lots of unclaimed print and copy jobs that have to be thrown away. Multifunctional printers are a great option because it means that you don’t have to use two separate machines (and therefore two lots of power) for printing and copying. Bear in mind that there’s more to an energy efficient office than how you use the photocopier. Be mindful when using other technology, like your computer, which should be switched off properly when not in use, rather than left on stand-by. Categorised in: , This post was written by Anwen Haynes1 Comments are closed here.
(3rd century) Today’s saint proves that age is not a qualification for sainthood. He was martyred at age 12. He was alive during a period of open persecutions of the Christians. At that time each day, from a secret meeting place in the catacombs where Christians gathered for Mass, a deacon would be sent to the prisons to carry the Eucharist to those Christians condemned to die. At one point, there was no deacon to send, and so St. Tarcisius, an acolyte, was sent carrying the “Holy Mysteries” to those in prison. On the way, he was stopped by boys his own age who were not Christians but knew him as a playmate and lover of games. He was asked to join their games, but this time he refused, and the crowd of boys noticed that he was carrying something. Somehow, he also was recognized as a Christian, and the small gang of boys, anxious to view the Christian “mysteries,” became a mob and turned upon Tarcisius with fury. He went down under the blows defending the sanctity of the blessed Eucharist. It is believed that a fellow Christian drove off the mob and rescued the young acolyte. He brought the mangled body of Tarcisius back to the catacombs, but on the way the boy died from his injuries. He was buried in the cemetery of St. Callistus, and his relics are claimed by the church of San Silvestro in Capite. Tarcisius, one of the patron saints of altar servers, always has been an example of youthful courage and devotion, and his story was one that was told again and again to urge others to a like heroism in suffering for their faith. In the “Passion of Pope Stephen,” written in the 3rd century, Tarcisius is said to be an acolyte of the pope and, if so, this explains the great veneration in which he was held and the reason why he was chosen for so difficult a mission. Adapted by A.J. Valentini
How to Create a Realistic Glass Text Effect Learn how to create a realistic glass text effect by using simple tools and techniques such as layer style effects and blending modes. This tutorial teaches how to apply transparent glossy texture to the letter shape, fill out laboratory glassware letter with the realistic liquid, water bubbles and steam, and make shadows and reflections.
Work and Art Within and Beyond Crisis. 3. 3. Artistic Response This section maps examples of artistic response in crisis. It is focused on two inquiries – 1. What role does art play within and beyond crisis? 2. What are artistic responses related to care, collectivity, sustainability? This section includes questions, meditations, and fragments. My intention is not to document and index all the ways artists could respond to crisis, but begin to frame my observations. “This is the time, we hear, that artists move. We continue to draw on support and energy outside of institutions, outside toxic positivity, outside power. We claim the speech that crisis makes possible. That speech from the gut, stirred, unearthed, and drawn up to the surface. And so: resist the pressure to forget. Resist the demand to accept this as the way things are. In this transition, we break. ” 1 Artistic response in today’s era includes a combination of skills from conception, problematization, production, and presentation. Artistic practice manifests in many ways including studio-based practices, social engagement, para-institutions, digital born art, and many more forms. Given art is not money, art is in a unique position to interrogate the capitalist mode of production.2 As previously discussed, the capitalist mode of production has made things worse by subordinating basic workers rights, such as affordable housing, healthcare, and job safety to capital, creating a depleted healthcare system, and rushing to open businesses before it is safe. Generally speaking, artists play a role in each of the processes from start to finish in their work. Artistic skills range from concept to production if they are not broken up and atomized by the capitalist mode of production.3 Working end to end, enables artists to see and participate in all points of production. This control over their own work puts them in a unique position to document/reframe/reshape/rebuild models, frameworks, modes of production, and methods of survival. Despite the deep self-isolation of the pandemic, a recent survey revealed 82% of artists will deploy their creativity to support the recovery – more than half whether they get paid or not.4 Based on the principles that art can have autonomy from the capitalist mode of production, I believe that the more ways art can enter society, to interrogate capital, the more potential it can have towards social change. In modern society, art has to confront the cultural aesthetics of politics. This confrontation helps art avoid the trap of aestheticizing or fetishizing the capitalist mode of production or a social issue of some kind. Let’s explore this concept in the ad from Amazon below. In this advertisement, Amazon thanks their employees for working through the crisis. Amazon’s ad is an attempt to frame the company’s respect from front-line during context of the crisis. This ad is propaganda to boost Amazon’s brand and distract from negative press around their response to the pandemic. Back in March 2020, workers had to fight to get the Amazon fulfillment centers cleaned after COVID-19 started spreading. Amazon is not transparent and subordinates employees well being to the pursuit of wealth accumulation. Jeff Bezos gained $35.5 billion in the two month period between March and May, 2020. This while 19,816 Amazon workers have contracted COVID-19. Amazon’s PR engine publicly thanks workers while many of those workers are living on thin line of subsistence, risking their health to work through the pandemic. Richard Wolff asks the question, If all of the workers at Amazon had a choice on what to do with the surplus value they created, do you think they give so much of it back to Jeff Bezos? Artistic response in an era of crisis must confront that it exists in a society where institutions, like Amazon, are not democratic and use cultural aesthetics in the form of advertising to produce a distorted reality, free of any degraded working conditions. One of art’s roles can be interrogate this reality distortion and expose it. This is where I have chosen to focus on my own artistic practice. Art has a long history of various forms of political interventions. In the 1960’s, groups such as the Art Worker’s Coalition and the Artist Placement Group emerged to confront issues of inequality in the art world or take art into the context of industry. The ways art respond to crisis are limitless and continuously shifting. Also, included in response is the negation of artistic response, a refusal to make art, to deploy one’s time and energy elsewhere. The Situationists removed themselves altogether from the art world to make interventions in society that would raise class consciousness towards proletarian revolution. I think other forms of labor related to artistic production include teaching, farming, caring, delivering food, checking-in with community members, raising funds, sharing information with neighbors, talking, demonstrating, organizing etc. Art emerges from the ideologies and modes of production it is embedded within. Therefore, artistic production inspired by activism or operating in solidarity with a cause, can be most potent and authentic when it originates from the site of politics, not broken off from the world, conceived and produced in a far off studio. The work of art removed from the site of politics, or helicoptering into that site, runs the risk of generalizing and aestheticizing the subject (a concept I attribute to Ben Davis) into a material commodity to be acquired — thus subordinating the artwork to capital. Given my own work, I often find myself in worker rallies and protests in solidarity with workers. During these actions, physical bodies are needed to stand on the line and support. Or, skills are needed to document actions e.g. photography, film, interviews or to create visual materials e.g. bulletins, posters, etc. In such efforts, art skills may be useful. These skills become meshed into a larger assemblage that is the direct action, whether it be a protest for the negotiation of union contract or a general strike. The artwork as a material commodity has little function in this zone because this movement is about direct action — not the materialization of any object. Artwork in general operates on a different logic than direct action, which a direct goal and aim to accomplish. This does not mean art cannot be political – far from it. It is that the mode of production in artwork and the logic embedded into art is different. Ultimately, what is likely best for artists is what is best for all workers: universal high quality free public services and the abolition of the wage-discipline of capitalism. These demands seem possible surprisingly today and are in a strange way an actually existing fact in the emergency. If artists make common cause with others, we might be able to preserve and extend these, and so abolish capitalism as such.”5 • How do we, as an artist community, build momentum in demanding changes that will help all artists, and all workers, such as universal healthcare, and debt and rent cancellation? How do we impose deadlines and accountability on these demands? • Where do other deadlines that we impose on ourselves come from? Which ones are required or not? How can slowness be a response, an ethic, and an aesthetic? How do we end the pressure put on ourselves by institutions? How can we find validation in other ways? • Capital has commodified caring and well-being as it has penetrated into our homes. Caring for oneself and others is work and comes in many different forms. What do you care about most? How do you like to be cared for and want to care for others? In terms of mutual aid, what efforts are underway – or in need – that you could plug into and serve? How to practice open-source, sharing, and communing without placing the burden on someone else? • How can we think about redeploying our skills to serve a cause? • How would we reshape/reprioritize/reorder our work accordingly, during or beyond crisis? How do you imagine yourself and your work differently? Are there new projects or previously unimaginable ones that are now more important to you? How does your home reshape your work? This includes the virtual space you create from within the home. How does your use of material and methods shift appropriately to the ideas in your work? • What could emerging artist-run spaces in the home, shed, yard, garden, woods, online, etc. look, or feel like? • Taking stock of your sustainability and self-care. How much risk can you take on? How much money do you have right now? How much do you owe? Who around you could offer you flexibility? What could you offer others? • Who are people you could connect for their mutual benefit? Who are people with whom you could practice reciprocal care? • What are new alternative ways of removing or avoiding the ontology of ruthless business thinking – profit, efficiency, individualism – in the arts? • It’s enough to try to stay healthy. • Listen. • Think small. Think local. • Not doing work. Establishing boundaries with production. • Talking is a start to organizing. Getting organized in local issues that serve your community. • Accept your previous work may be upended. Now may be a time to do something new collectively. Accept all the imperfections, mistakes, and disruptions that come with experimenting in your practice. • Feeling anxious. • Being hypervigilant. • Small ripple effects count tremendously (hat tip to Phong Bui). • Demand to be paid and paid fairly. • Join in solidarity with fellow workers for social progress. • Invisible asymmetries can be made visible through art (thinking about artists such as Allan Sekula, Martha Rosler, and Fred Lonidier). Next chapter –>>> 1. The landscape of labor 2. Art worlds 3. Artistic response 1. Anonymous. “A Call for Complaint: for Plague Speech, for Sick Speech” 2. As noted in part 2, while art is not money, some artworks are highly commodified and subordinated to the capital mode of production 3. I suppose an example of an atomized task would be selling one’s labor to work in an art studio, mixing colors at a station in a repetitive task, while others perform tasks in other stations. 4. ”Americans for the Arts, The Economic Impact of Coronavirus on the Arts and Culture Sector, April 21, 2020 5. Haiven, Max. “No Artist Left Alive.” Arts of the Working Class, April 25, 2020
Posted on Bar Stool Economics ~ our tax system explained. Absolutely right on the money We, the supposed rich, are constantly attacked. This class warfare must end. Socialism is great until you run out of other people money – we are running out. Promote work ethic, promote businesses – get people back to work! Suppose that every day, ten men go out for beer and bill the way we pay our taxes, it would go something like this: The first four men (the poorest) would pay nothing. The fifth would pay $1. The sixth would pay $3. The seventh would pay $7. The eighth would pay $12. The ninth would pay $18. The tenth man (the richest) would pay $59. So, that’s what they decided to do. The ten men drank in the bar every day and seemed quite happy with the arrangement, until one day, the your daily beer by $20.” so drinks for the ten now cost just $80. The group still wanted to pay their bill the way we pay our taxes so the first four men were unaffected. They would still drink for free. But what about the other six men – the paying customers? How could they divide the $20 windfall so that everyone would get his ‘fair share?’.They realized that $20 divided by six is $3.33.But if they subtracted that from everybody’s share, then the fifth man and the sixth man would each suggested that it would be fair to reduce each man’s bill by roughly the same amount, and he proceeded to work out the amounts each should pay. And so: The tenth now paid $50 instead of $59 (16% savings). four continued to drink for free. But once outside the restaurant, the men began to compare their savings. man. He pointed to the tenth man,” but he got $9!” “Why should he get $9 back when I got only two? The The system exploits the poor!” The nine men surrounded the tenth and beat him up. The next night the tenth man didn’t show up for drinks, so the nine sat down and had beers without him. But when it came time to pay the bill, they discovered something important. They didn’t have enough money between all of them for even half of the bill! And that, ladies and gentlemen, journalists and college professors, is how our tax system works. The people who pay the highest taxes get the most benefit from a tax reduction. Tax them too much, attack them for being wealthy, and they just may not show up anymore. In fact, they might start drinking overseas where the atmosphere is somewhat friendlier. David R. Kamerschen, Ph.D. Professor of Economics University of Georgia For those who understand, no explanation is needed. For those who do not understand, no explanation is possible.
As Latino Greek- letter organizations (LGLOs) continue to spread across campuses, two questions continue to arise: Who are Latino Greeks? And where did they come from? With over 30 nationally recognized organizations, and many more recognized locally, questions of the origin of LGLOs remain unknown to some and a debate to others. Latino Greek- letter organizations found their inception within student clubs at two different universities. In 1898 a student club under the name of Union Hispano Americana was formed at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY. In 1919 the organization was transformed to a Latino Greek- letter fraternity when it merged with Pi Delta Phi (founded at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1916) and Phi Lambda Alpha (founded at the University of California Berkeley in 1919). With the merger the organization became to be known as Phi Lambda Alpha, choosing Latin American students as members. While at Louisiana State University, Sociedad Hispano Americana was formed in 1904 as a secret society for Spanish- American Students. In 1911 the organization became Sigma Iota, a Greek-letter fraternity with the purpose of promoting friendship and to aid Spanish-American students. Its membership extended through the United States at: Louisiana State University, Tulane University, Loyola University New Orleans and University of Florida. Later adding the Alabama Polytechnic Institute (Auburn University), Syracuse University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Atlanta Medical School, University of Pennsylvania, with additional chapters in Belgium, Switzerland and Guatemala City. As Sigma Iota found itself with an increasing number of dormant chapters, Phi Lambda Alpha continued to expand. Numerous communication efforts began between both organizations. Together with the mission to maintain their Latino heritage, while expanding, they decided to merge. In 1931 Phi Lambda Alpha and Sigma Iota became one to form Phi Iota Alpha Fraternity Inc., known today as the First Latino Fraternity. Both organizations believed the ideology of Pan-Americanism, the goal to unify all Latin American Nations and its people. Today, Phi Iota Alpha continues to educate and strive towards a federal union of the twenty-one Latin American countries. Due to its atypical formation, Phi Iota Alpha Fraternity, Inc. has Five Pillars, not founders. These individuals Simon Bolivar (El Liberator (The Liberator) great general whose victories won the independence of Bolivia, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela from Spain), Jose de San Martin (General who led the liberation of his nation Argentina, as well as Peru and Chile from Spain), Bernardo O’Higgins (Partook in the liberation of Chile along with Jose de San Martin and became the supreme director of Chile once freed), Benito Juarez (Mexican National hero and leader who assisted in establishing Mexico as a constitutional democracy) and Jose Marti (poet and Cuban freedom fighter). Phi Iota Alpha continue to expand in the United States, however it wasn’t until the 1970’s that we saw further growth of the LGLO community. With the influx of Latinos in higher education, institutions found themselves amending the curriculum to fit the needs of this new population. Although changes were being made for the good, there was still a gap where support and equality were missing. Undergoing a double charge of this change were Latinas. In addition to the integration in higher education, Latinas were now assuming a new role. Until this point, Latinas solely played the role of maintaining the family. With the intent to voice their opinion unified, while integrating themselves socially and politically 17 women formed the first Latina Sorority. 1975 we witnessed the formation of Lambda Theta Alpha Latin Sorority, Inc. at Kean University. Membership in a Latino Greek- letter organization does not end after college graduation. LGLO members recognize the long term commitment they are making to the organization and to their heritage. As an effect of this leaders are molded. The system gave birth to four different Latin American Presidents (all Phi Iota Alpha members). Latino Greek- letter organizations continue to be an active part of the community. LGLOs assisted in the increase of Latino registered voters through educational workshops on campuses, as well as several registration events throughout the nation. They actively take a stand on immigration reforms, promote higher education by mentoring school aged students as well as providing scholarships, and improve their local area by assisting in community service.
Frame text Frame text is perfect for presenting paragraphs with a formalized structure and layout. If you want to present text in columns, frame text is the ideal solution. By clicking in the drawn frame then typing, you're able to fill the frame with frame text. If excess text overflows the bottom of the frame, you can either reduce the text's font size from the context toolbar or make the text frame larger; both methods will make the text fit the frame. Frame Text Tool To create frame text: With the Frame Text Tool selected: 1. Drag on the page. This sets the initial size of the text frame. 2. Do one of the following: • Type your text. • Paste (+V) previously copied text. • From the File menu, select Place. In the pop-up dialog, navigate to and select a file, and click Open. Resizing text frames When resizing a frame you can control whether: To reflow text: With the text frame selected, do one of the following: To scale text: To fit frame to frame text: Aligning text in text frames Horizontal alignment is a paragraph attribute which can be altered via the Text context toolbar. Vertical alignment of text within a frame is a frame attribute. The latter is good for aligning text centrally with adjacent graphics. To vertically align frame text: Using placeholder text If you're designing before full copy has been written, you can use placeholder (filler) text to help you progress with your project. To add filler text:
Language Opportunities On average, one out of 12 children enter school with a language deficit. This deficit can lead to difficulties in the other domains related to language. There are four domains of language: oral, listening, reading, and writing. Each of these domains builds upon one another, and a deficit in one area can directly affect another. Oral language can be an important predictor of future reading success. In this week’s Assignment, you explore the different components of oral and written language (expressive, receptive, vocabulary, comprehension, etc.) and determine the effect language development has on a student’s future progress. To Prepare Select a grade level (K–6), and review the state standards in literacy for that grade level. Focus on oral language, formal and informal language, and writing. To Complete In this Assignment, imagine you are creating a workshop for teachers in your grade level on language and literacy development. Create a PowerPoint or online presentation (i.e. Knovio, Prezi, etc.) that includes the following: Describe the key milestones of language from birth to age 8. Explain how language opportunities promote self-expression, identity development and learning. How do child development and language/literacy development compare? How both formal and informal language help students make connections between oral language and written language. Share strategies. Strategies to use with ELL or ESL students. For example, you may discuss how you will convert skills in their primary language to English or perhaps you will incorporate songs and rhymes. Explain the interrelated elements of language arts instruction that support the development of ELL/ESL learners. Include ways in which languages differ in writing systems and in processes used to translate from one language to another. Explain how you could use technology to support an ELL/ESL learner. The presentation should contain 6 to 8 slides, not including the title and references slides. If you choose to create a PowerPoint presentation: Use the Learning Resource by the Center for Teaching at Vanderbilt University on effective PowerPoints. Use the notes section for details (no more than 2–3 paragraphs per slide). For more information on Language Opportunities read this: Get 20% Discount on This Paper Pages (550 words) Approximate price: - Try it now! Get 20% Discount on This Paper We'll send you the first draft for approval by at Total price: How it works? Follow these simple steps to get your paper done Place your order Proceed with the payment Choose the payment system that suits you most. Receive the final file Our Services Essay Writing Services Admission and Business Papers Editing and Proofreading Technical papers
Teaching Tools: Swim Lesson From the Series: Swim Lesson Photo by Melissa Lefkowitz. I nearly failed my first assignment in a pedagogy course. We were asked to provide written comments on a student’s first-year essay. I extensively marked up the paper, circling almost every grammatical mistake and covering the margins with suggestions and comments. My professor used my flawed assignment to caution the class on the risks of over-teaching, explaining that my extensive notes would probably overwhelm the student and obscure what the student should focus on. Driven to make the paper perfect and correct what I saw as every error, I missed the larger purpose: to provide helpful feedback that would guide the student to revise their own composition. I had forgotten to consider the experience from the student’s point of view. Keeping the student's perspective in mind, however, is difficult. When teaching a familiar subject in a familiar setting, we forget how unfamiliar or disorienting the educational process can be for students. In Swim Lesson (2018), Melissa Lefkowitz offers a humbling and visceral reminder of what it is like to learn something new. The film follows an adult through the course of one swim lesson, intersplicing the swimmer’s inner monologue with his view of the water and instructor. When the swimmer jumps in, the whole world seems to shake, upending the surety of up and down. Showing the pool’s lopsided edges from the swimmer’s eyes, the film portrays the jarring changes of perspective required to learn and the sensory overload of a new experience. It also depicts its possible joy: the newfound calm space existing under the water and the swimmer’s brief euphoria upon finishing his task. By creating a view of the learning process from the swimmer’s perspective, Swim Lesson reminds teachers to act with humility and to carefully consider their students’ experiences. We see the instability of the swimmer’s vision in the pool and the overwhelming process of trying to remember the instructor’s comments while fighting the discomfort of getting water up his nose. In this manner, while the instructor’s directions seem simple, the film depicts the amount of effort it takes for the swimmer to put them into practice. Discussion Guide for Instructors Screen the short film as part of a professional development training for instructors, particularly those teaching beginning undergraduate students. Use the film to prompt a discussion about the learning process. • Before the screening, ask participants to think of a time they tried to learn something new and unfamiliar. • How did they feel? What was intimidating or challenging, and what was enjoyable? • Which factors of the process (location, instructor, community, etc.) changed their experience? • After screening the film, circle back to those reflections. • Which of their memories resonated (or differed) with the swimmer’s experience? Did they identify with the swimmer in any way? • Ask instructors to consider their classroom through the lens of a “new swimmer” in higher education. What might be overwhelming about their coursework or classes for a new student? What assumptions do they make about a student’s abilities or knowledge of how higher education works? Encourage instructors to consider their classroom content and expectations through the eyes of a student, with the overall goal of adjusting their practices to be more accessible to new students. Discussion Guide for Students The eight-minute film could also be used to introduce sensory ethnography to undergraduate students. The simulated proximity of the viewer to the swimmer generates a sensory immersion into the world of the film. Use this immersion to guide students as they grapple with the use of the senses in anthropological practice. Consider pairing the film with anthropological texts on bodily technique and senses, such as Kathryn Geurts’s (2003) work on sensing, or bodily ways of knowing. Other possibilities include Paul Stoller's (1989) writing on the senses in ethnography or Lalaie Ameeriar’s (2017) conceptualization of the “sanitized sensorium” which applies sensorial analysis to illuminate processes of exclusion and othering. Use these pairings to open broader questions: how do history, culture, and place inform what the body can do and sense? What roles do the senses have in anthropological practice and writing? How can—or should—anthropologists depict sensorial experiences and worlds which exceed textual representation? • Without preparation, screen the film for students. First, discuss emotional and personal responses to the film. • How did the film make you feel? Did you identify with the swimmer? Why or why not? • Then, move to a discussion of how the film induced those feelings. • How do the videography choices simulate a swimmer’s perspective? What was the effect of using the swimmer’s inner monologue? How might the film be different if it featured the instructor’s point of view? • The film is short enough to screen twice in a lesson period, allowing time for students to re-watch and practice their observation skills. After the second watch, focus on the film’s technique and aesthetics. • Which sensory responses does the film evoke, and why? How did the aesthetics of the film shape these responses? When did the camera angles change? How did the sound effects of the bubbles contribute to the overall effect? Did you notice any additional details you missed on your first watch? • Wrap up by comparing the initial responses to those after the second watch. How did their reactions and observations differ? Open the question up to broadly consider how to analyze sensory and affective reactions to film. • After completing the in-class activity, consider assigning students a different to film to watch and respond to (see below for suggestions). Ask them to go through the same steps, completing one viewing for initial response and a second viewing for more detailed observations, and write a short response paper on the process. Suggested Supplemental Readings and Films Harvard Sensory Ethnography Lab Ginsburg, Faye. 2018. "Decolonizing Documentary On-Screen and Off: Sensory Ethnography and the Aesthetics of Accountability." Film Quarterly, 72, no. 1: 39–49. MacDougall, David. 2006. The Corporeal Image: Film, Ethnography, and the Senses. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Nakamura, Karen. 2013. “Making Sense of Sensory Ethnography: The Sensual and the Multisensory.” American Anthropologist 115, no. 1: 132–35. Ameeriar, Lalaie. 2017. Downwardly Global: Women, Work, and Citizenship in the Pakistani Diaspora. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press. Geurts, Kathryn Linn. 2003. Culture and the Senses: Bodily Ways of Knowing in an African Community. Berkeley: University of California Press.
JavaScript Practice: Arrays, Loops, Objects, Iterators - subLength Exercise This exercise’s challenge is the following: “Write a function subLength() that takes 2 parameters, a string and a single character. The function should search the string for the two occurrences of the character and return the length between them including the 2 characters. If there are less than 2 or more than 2 occurrences of the character the function should return 0. I don’t understand why the following code does not work. I clicked “Check Answer” and it says there might be a syntax error. However, I tried logging the examples given, the function ran without error, and they all logged correctly. const subLength = (word, char) => { charCount = word.split(char).length - 1; if (charCount !== 2) { return 0; } else { return word.lastIndexOf(char) - word.indexOf(char) + 1; console.log(subLength('Saturday', 'a')); // returns 6 console.log(subLength('summer', 'm')); // returns 2 console.log(subLength('digitize', 'i')); // returns 0 console.log(subLength('cheesecake', 'k')); // returns 0 I’ve found that the generic “syntax error” message in the interactive articles is usually caused by using a variable that wasn’t declared with let, const, or var. In this case, you set the value of charCount that way. JavaScript allows this so it’s working when you run the code, but the test behind the scenes that Codecademy uses is stricter. It’s a best practice too, though it would be nice if the error message indicated what was happening for seemingly working code. 1 Like
Call : +92-21- 35389659 & 89 24/7 Helpline : +92 345 9994222 Flora Blog Flora Services What do Bed Bugs looks like? Adult bedbugs are oval-shaped, flat and up to 5mm long – similar to an apple seed. Their color varies between dark yellow, red or brown. Where they live? • Blood stains on your sheets or pillowcases. • An offensive, musty odor from the bugs' scent glands. Are Bed Bugs cause of concern? Life Cycle An individual bed bug can lay 200 to 250 eggs in her lifetime. The eggs hatch in about 6 to 10 days and the newly emerged bed bug nymphs seek a blood meal. Immature nymphs molt five times (they shed their outer exoskeleton in order to grow) before reaching adulthood. What can I do to prevent Bed Bugs infestation? STEP 1: Make sure you really have bed bugs, not fleas, ticks or other insects. STEP 2: Destroy Bed Bugs It can be difficult to eliminate bed bugs, but it’s not impossible. Don’t throw out all of your things because most of them can be treated and saved. Throwing stuff out is expensive, may spread the bed bugs to other people's homes and could cause more stress. STEP 3: Eliminate Shelter & Harborage STEP 4: Maintain a Bed Bugs Free Property Regularly wash and heat-dry your bed sheets, blankets, bedspreads and any clothing that touches the floor. This reduces the number of bed bugs. Bed bugs and their eggs can hide in laundry containers/hampers Remember to clean them when you do the laundry. Raising the indoor temperature with the thermostat or space heaters won’t do the job. Special equipment and very high temperatures are necessary for successful heat treatment. Black plastic bags in the sun might work to kill bed bugs in luggage or small items, if the contents become hot enough. Bed bugs die when their body temperature reaches 45°C (113°F). To kill bed bugs with heat, the room or container must be even hotter to ensure sustained heat reaches the bugs no matter where they are hiding Thorough vacuuming can get rid of some of your bed bugs. Carefully vacuum rugs, floors, upholstered furniture, bed frames, under beds, around bed legs, and all cracks and crevices around the room. Change the bag after each use so the bed bugs can’t escape. Place the used bag in a tightly sealed plastic bag and in an outside garbage bin. Contact a Flora Termite Professional
Trust: The Cure for Isolation It’s almost humorous to say that millions of lonely souls struggle to connect with others on an overcrowded planet. An alien watching from space might ask, “How could anyone feel alone there?” Here we are, living elbow to elbow with family, neighbors, classmates and workmates, while suffering a deeply internalized sense of being completely and utterly alone. Alone in a Crowd People often say, “I’m going to a movie alone,” or “I’m going shopping alone.” But that is hardly possible when on any given day, thousands of people are sharing the mall with them. How does one shop alone? Answer: By not connecting with any one of those thousands of people. Realistically, people can’t shop alone, (unless they’ve broken in to the store during the night—but that’s fodder for another topic). During the business day they might shop while in an internal state of isolation. Isolation, while not a disease, could be called an epidemic that distresses some lives and takes others completely. I contend that the rising rates of depression and suicide are not comprised mainly of people who feel trustingly connected to others. It seems to me, that because we are social-based creatures, then isolation works against our very wiring, making it one of the more dangerous epidemics we can succumb to. Insidiously, not all isolation is self-induced. A lot of people are driven to it by someone else. Who feels isolated and who did it to them? I’ll give 5 common scenarios of people who are driven to isolation: Survivors of abusive childhoods: Children who survive childhood neglect, abuse or childhood sexual abuse often spend their lives feeling singled out and isolated. Lifelong trust issues are common in their world. Teens feel isolated when they struggle to find their place in the world. If they feel pressure to succeed in grades, sports, and social activities that they aren’t passionate about, they might feel like a square peg being unfairly forced into a round hole. They might believe the adults who are driving them in the wrong direction don’t see them for who they are. Or if their social life becomes a battlefield of rumors and lies because of adolescent jealousies at school, then they learn not to trust sharing their vulnerabilities with other teens. The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender (GLBT) community suffers a 4X higher suicide rate than the straight community NOT because they are GLBT, but because their peers and superiors have intentionally humiliated and ostracized them for being who they were created to be. How can they trust a world who pre-hated them without giving them a chance to show who they really are? Abused wives are often intentionally isolated from their families and friends by sociopathic husbands who want full control. A person without allies is very, very easy to bully. Victims of Sociopaths/Narcissists/Psychopaths: Anyone with a sociopathic boss, parent or older sibling will experience the phenomenon of being intentionally isolated by that sociopath, through a relentless, daily stream of accusations, rumors, lies, and humiliations. Sociopaths use these divisive tactics to isolate and overwhelm individuals, hoping to create the sense that the whole world hates them. They sometimes do this simply to enjoy a sense of empowerment. They view life as a daily competition for situational dominance. Their most common goal is to make their victim feel crazy in front of others so that all credibility is lost, which isolates the victim, making him or her even easier to torment. Why do they do it? Because to them, it’s fun. A perfect example of this is when nine-year-old boys gather with salt shakers to laugh at their power to melt slugs alive. “Stupid slugs!” they’ll shout. But soon enough those boys evolve consciences and outgrow their enjoyment of watching slugs suffer. Sociopaths never develop consciences and so they don’t outgrow that morbid enjoyment of watching torment. They feel empowered and god-like when, for no other reason, it’s just fun to watch animals and fellow human beings squirm beneath superior war-like evil. Trust lies at the root of our inability to connect with the scores of people we share the earth with daily. It’s not that we don’t see the crowds around us, it’s that we don’t trust them with our vulnerabilities. In each of the examples above, the isolated victim could easily have made multiple attempts at asking for help, but for a number of reasons the people they approached may not have recognized the seriousness and so they failed to offer the help sought. We humans learn by repetition. The more often we see a similar outcome, the more solidly we learn. Trust is little more than the ability to predict the future based on what you know from the past. When a child reaches out to his/her protectors twelve times, only to be told twelve times that he/she needs to handle his/her massive problems him/herself, that child learns through repetition to stop asking for help. He/she learns to trust what he/she knows to be true, which is: Adults don’t understand what’s really happening. When adults say, “If you are being bullied, all you have to do is tell a parent or teacher,” they are further isolating those children who have tried that tack a dozen times but with zero success. Those children know that the message is naïve and therefore flawed, so they don’t hear it anymore. They are left utterly alone with no way to trust what they are being told: In essence, the message as they hear it is that the thirteenth adult will somehow be different than ALL the others. –Yeah…right. I don’t think so. Connection cures isolation If you are feeling isolated then you need connection. Being in a packed bus is not connection, it’s crowding. My experience of isolation turned me suicidal beginning at twelve years of age. I’ve since lived a long life on the brink of my own demise because of a sense that no matter how many people are in my life, not one of them really loves me for who I am. It wasn’t until fifty years of age, when I closed the door between myself and my life-long bullies, that I began to experience calm, genuine, compassionate connection with the people who always did, and still do love me. Before then, I gave love with all my heart, but couldn’t accept it in return. Because of the irresponsible messages given by the people who I wrongfully trusted, I had been repeatedly taught that the love people showed me was conditional: I thought I was loved only if I took people’s crap, painted their houses, helped them move, gave them money, etc. What’s working for me? I am grateful to say that I am losing my sense of isolation. My life is improving through efforts that are finally working. 1. I got out of the abusive situation: The first order of business was to distance myself from the bullies who used their connection to make me miserable. The first rule of thumb is that standing up to bullies makes them cower. But that only works when it works. If the bully is an entire school, (a term called “mob-bullying”) or a sociopath, then standing up to them risks igniting a fury that the victim may not be strong enough to stand up to. If the abuse has gone on long enough, that victim may be too badly worn down to be expected to stand up to a monster or a mob. My second rule of thumb is that no one can hope to heal from the damage done by abuse while the abuse is still happening. During abuse, the goal should be to rescue the victim. Once the rescue is complete and the abuse is history, then a sense of personal safety can be instilled and healing can begin. Five years ago my healing began to take hold because I had put a permanent distance between myself and the people hell-bent on making me miserable. 2. I accept the reality: The damage is done. It’s water under the bridge. It’s time to accept what can’t be changed, and to work on what can be fixed. I have accepted that not all disorders can be cured, but almost all can be embraced and mastered. Nobody I’ve met yet, has had a particularly easy life. Truly successful people almost always have difficult pasts but have learned to make something productive out of their struggles. This truth is demonstrated best by those who’ve lost limbs that cannot be reattached, and go on to lead productive lives by learning how to get around the lost limb. Acceptance is a beautiful thing: By no longer expecting a “cure” I am no longer disappointed that there isn’t one. 3. I now trust myself and those who can be trusted: I now see that I love and am loved by many people. And yet, several times a year, I still fall into the trap of believing I am utterly alone. Learning how to trust means learning who to trust. I am learning to trust myself and how my own brain works. Trust, as it turns out, is less of a feeling and more of a behavior that can be learned. I am now learning to trust reality over my misguided feelings. EXAMPLE: I often feel alone, but reality tells me that I have felt alone before—and things still got better. Therefore I exercise trust in repetitive history and I decide to trust that this is only a feeling. I can go one step further and trust that I will handle it correctly. I have proven to myself that I know ways to overcome the feelings of isolation, and so I trust that I will again overcome it this time. This works more quickly each time it happens. 4. I seek qualified help: I have a long-standing relationship with a highly qualified, well educated, compassionate, professional therapist. Not some well-meaning but poorly educated church minister. Not a school councilor. Not a self-help book. Not an internet support group. But an actual college-educated, psychology-trained psychologist with years of practice and success. It took years for me to learn to trust him, but that trust has become the very key to accepting the healing and making it work. Now that I’ve broken the poisonous relationships with the people I should have never trusted, and built a connection with a person who has proven he can be trusted, my ability to learn and heal is taking hold like never before. 5. I get out there and connect: When given half a chance I still isolate myself. On long weekends when my wife is working I often stay in my pajamas all day regardless of weather. Some weekends I never even open the blinds. If this goes on for a few days in a row, I find myself recognizing symptoms of loneliness as they creep in. So I use that as a trigger and I muster the strength to reconnect in some way with someone. I go shopping alone (or rather—“in an internal state of isolation”). The shopping trip is meant to get me into a crowd of people so I can challenge myself to connect with someone and make someone else feel heard—usually a store clerk. I have found it to be true that the Universe gives when it receives. In order to stop feeling misunderstood, I have to try and make someone else feel understood. In so doing, I end up creating the very connection that I need. 6. I count my blessings: I intentionally look at the people I love and then I express gratitude for any positive connection I now have. At nearly fifty five years of age I am both dumbfounded and elated at the realization that people actually love me. When my wife, children, grandchildren or peers tell me how valuable I am to them, I struggle to avoid tearing up from thinking about how I’ve wanted to hear that my entire life. I told one peer, “If you could have seen how beaten down I once was, and how horrifically vulnerable I felt in my family, you would know why you mean so much to me today.” 7. I know that sharing is caring: I openly share my struggles with others. The benefits are three-fold: 7a. It helps me to treat everyone as equals: I now know that isolated people don’t advertise “I’m isolated.” They quietly smile and nod and try to fit in. So the truth is that I have no way of knowing for sure who is and is not feeling like an isolated outcast right now. So by sharing my story with everyone, I am not accidentally withholding what I know from someone who might be too isolated to tell me that they wanted to hear it. 7b. People think they are the only non-Brady kids: An isolated individual will often perceive that the rest of the world has life all figured out and that they are the only ones who don’t. At work I drink coffee from a Brady Bunch mug. Peer comments allow me to joke with the statement “This is my family…that’s my story, I’m sticking to it!” The laugh opens the door for me to confess that I grew up thinking all other families were built on a foundation of mutual respect and of “having each others’ backs.” When I tell that my family was more indicative of a competitive sports arena, pre-loaded with gossip-traps and chronic criticism, and that my life didn’t calm down until I broke all contact with 99.9% of them, they almost always tell me that they thought they were the only ones who didn’t come from a Brady Bunch family. My confession to them gives them a new perspective about their own lives. Maybe they’re not so alone after all. 7c. I don’t want to be mistaken as being on the “other team”: The book I’m about to publish is called “Bullies & Allies” because those two terms, a bully and an ally, often describe the same person. To an isolated soul who believes they are the only lost soul in a world of people who have it all together, they can see the world as divided into two teams: bullies versus allies, or them versus everyone else. Therefore they may automatically assume that I am on “the other team” with everyone but them. I want them to know that I’m not. However, I now know that I have done a good job impersonating a “together” person, and so I understand how people could mistake me for one. I have learned how to laugh and present myself as if nothing really bothers me. To my shock, that façade has worked, and here’s why I constructed it: In my particular family, if I had problems, I risked being humiliated for not being perfect from birth. So what I learned about family life was that it was more of a competitive sport rather than a loving fellowship. For my entire life, I worried, like many do, that I might one day lose my job and then my home. That concern by itself isn’t unhealthy. Sadly the reason I worried was a bit more neurotic. Being homeless was not my worry. Being utterly humiliated by key members of my own family for being the incompetent fool they’d always said I was, is what drove my high stress levels around employment. My point is: In order to survive my own team I learned to appear as if I had it all together. Sharing is caring. It’s good for me and good for others. We’re all not-so-different after all, and no one needs to feel isolated in this world. Over the past five years, since walking away from my antagonists, I have many times witnessed that my confessions of struggle and of the sting of betrayal by family and friends have opened doors for people to trust that I’m not so different from them. First they say, “I never would have guessed…oh my gosh…” Then they see a chance at talking with someone who might understand them. To my joy, they often open up to me with: “You know…I’ve never told anyone this before, but…” And for the duration of a single conversation, the two of us connect. We later carry with us the feeling that maybe—just maybe—we are both not so alone. Balancing Love with Trust for a Good Relationship “I can love you…if” by James F Johnson (C) I can love without trust, …from a safe distance I can forgive without fear, …if you cannot find me I can forget and move on, …knowing I’ll never return I can learn to trust again, …but I will set boundaries next time Loving another person can be one of the most beautiful experiences in human life. Participating in a successful Love relationship can be both a wonderful and demanding task. If done well, the act of working through a long term relationship will provide us the most valuable personal growth of any other experience in our lifetime. It’s why people sometimes say “You make me want to be a better person.” The feeling of wanting to be a better partner drives the positive changes we put ourselves through because we love someone else. Of Love versus Trust: Not the Same Things Separate these two words. Love and Trust. They have different meanings. A lot of couples have legitimate trust issues between them even though they are truly in love. By bundling “Love and Trust” into one idea, we add the potential for misery into a relationship. Love and Trust are not the same things—and we don’t need one to have the other. “If you love me then you’ll trust me” is a phrase used to manipulate. The phrase is meant to unfairly leverage a friend, relative or partner’s long-standing love in order to guilt them into adding trust so as to get something they want. The arguer wants support but isn’t providing proper evidence that they can be trusted. Saying “If you love me then you’ll trust me” is like saying “If you drive a Toyota then you’ll let me borrow it.” How does the first half of either sentence support the second half? It doesn’t. In either case, the first half might be correct, but it doesn’t lead to the second half. Anyone who’s raised children knows that a parent’s love is unconditional, but that their trust is based on having once been a child themselves. Parents know the process children go through as they learn, in sometimes difficult ways, how to become honest people. A parent who chooses to grant unearned trust just because they want their child to feel loved and respected, is teaching that child that lying works so it’s okay to do. It also frees that child to sneak out at night and risk unknowingly wandering into a dangerous world, unprepared for reality’s traps. In the case of child-rearing, a parent shows love by guiding the child through the process of learning how to earn trust. Not by giving free trust cards so they won’t feel unloved. At its ugliest, this Love-Trust entanglement is often used to keep abusive relationships from ending. It holds abused spouses imprisoned in bad relationships that last far longer than they should. “If you love me then you’ll trust me” often allows an alcoholic to sneak off to bars when asked to pick up groceries. The phrase is used to sneak off for illicit love affairs, illegal activities or even brutal nights of child or wife beating. Some siblings use family love as a strategy for obtaining unearned trust in order to “borrow” money, solicit support, or coerce a brother or sister into taking a risk he wouldn’t take for a friend, coworker or stranger. A general rule of thumb, that many forget to follow, is if you wouldn’t trust a friend in this situation, why would you trust a relative? Because you love them? Because if you don’t, that means you don’t love your family? Because Love is exactly the same as Trust? Love is Love is an indescribable emotion that can come over us, sometimes at the first sight of a stranger’s smile. We’re hard-wired to love our children unconditionally, no matter how good or bad those children are. Love requires commitments and unconditional forgiveness and it bores roots deeply into our hearts. If we lose the person we’ve loved, we feel an invisible, but gaping wound in our chest that cannot be reasoned away. Only time heals the wounds, but only to a certain point of acceptance. We can forever be prisoners of love. Trust is Trust is nothing like this. We’re only prisoners of trust if we choose to be. To trust or not to trust, is a decision we have the right to make—and with everyone. It’s a concept we are wise to understand. Put into simplest definition, trust is little more than “the ability to accurately predict.” The $5 Example: Trust If my hypothetical friend, Chris had borrowed $5 from me four times, and had returned it all four times the next day, I would not be crazy to trust (predict) that if I loaned Chris $5 today, I’d probably get paid back tomorrow. Chris has now earned my trust five times. I have five reasons to trust (predict) swift repayment. Does it mean Chris and I have to be lovers now that trust (predictability) has been established between us? No, of course not. Chris could just be an office cube-mate who routinely forgets to bring coffee money to work. Does it mean I’ll never be betrayed by Chris? No, not necessarily. Trust is not a guarantee, but by learning how to take the proper chances with trust, I’m reducing my odds of falling into a larger number of dishonest traps over my lifetime. What would it say about Chris, if after paying me back five times, I refuse to trust a sixth $5 loan request? In this case, it really says more about my inability to give trust, than it does about Chris being trustworthy (predictable). Perhaps I have classic trust issues that I’m taking out on Chris. The $5 Example: Love Now let’s say that Chris and I are boyfriend and girlfriend. Chris has borrowed $5 for coffee five times but has repaid it only twice. Today, Chris asks for a sixth $5 coffee loan. Do I give the $5? Probably—but here’s the difference in the scenarios: I won’t loan the money because of trust (predictability). The odds are against me ever seeing that $5 again because Chris’s track record is marred with failures to repay. In the matter of coffee loans, Chris is unpredictable. Does it mean I can no longer love Chris? No, not at all. I may choose to give Chris the $5 because I feel love in my relationship. I may roll my eyes in a joking response if Chris says, “I promise to pay this back.” In this case, having a partner who I occasionally have to buy coffee for is an acceptable part of our relationship. But it does not mean that I have to trust (predict) Chris’s promises to repay loans. I can untangle love and trust by saying, “I love Chris, but not with money.” What would it say about my relationship now, if I were to choose to trust Chris with borrowed money? Again it says more about me than it does Chris. I might be confusing my love for a partner with my ability to count the times money is paid back. If nothing changes, the past will repeat itself. I have a chance today to stop any future frustration if I accept the fact of unpredictable repayment before it happens. Chris has proven to be untrustworthy (unpredictable) in this respect of our relationship, and it’s “shame on me” if I choose to overlook that untrustworthiness (unpredictability) in order to sign up for a huge mortgage on the condition that Chris will pay half of it every month for the next thirty years. What would it would say about my relationship if Chris became angry at my distrust of ever getting back the $5? Is Chris the one confusing love with trust? Is this anger fair to me? Summing it Up What do we do with all this? Loving another person is a wonderful experience. Trusting another person is also a wonderful experience. I can trust my boss without loving him. I can love my teen child without trusting him. I can love an old car I don’t trust, or trust a new car I don’t love. The sweet spot is when I can legitimately enjoy both unconditional love and trust in a single person, place or thing. Understanding trust is a science unto itself. Just because Chris seldom pays back $5 loans, it doesn’t mean that he or she isn’t a trustworthy friend who would fight to the death for me. I may choose not to trust a person’s money handling, but I may have all sorts of evidence to trust their admission of friendship, love and respect. Trust is not unconditional. It’s situational. You don’t have to trust someone either in everything or in nothing to prove you love them. I trust my own wife to always tell the truth, to treat me with respect and dignity, and to support me in all my endeavors, but I would get out of a jetliner if I found out she was going to try and fly it. I don’t trust her as a pilot, nor as a brain surgeon, nor as a lawyer if I was in trouble. I trust her in the things that she has proven herself predictable in. If I live within my ability to know when to trust and when not to trust her, I’ll be a happier person for a longer time in this marriage. In any relationship, work-related, neighborhood, friendship, family or love, those who learn when and how to give trust when and where it is appropriate are the people who are least often let down by the people they love. No-Complaints Challenge (Update) It’s been 2 months since I committed to living out a full twenty-four hour day without lobbing a single complaint. Though I never fully succeeded at a full twenty-four hour period, my attempts still changed me for the better. I still work to avoid complaining, and that, in and of itself, is a successful result of the commitment. I’m like a dieter who documented all my calories for a month, lost a bunch of weight, and learned enough about calories to become consciously aware of what I’m eating on a daily basis. Also like a dieter, I need to make periodic commitments to document again for a few days when weight starts to creep up. So today, November 16, 2014, I’m restarting the commitment. I’ve been awake since 4:00 AM and haven’t complained yet. So my timer is running and I’m off to a good start. People can change, but slowly. This September first commitment has changed me slightly, and I like the change. I can now “feel in my gut” when a complaint is churning and hurting my chances at having a good day. Through my September efforts, I have established a new baseline, so that by going back into today’s no-complaints challenge, I’m starting a little higher up the staircase than I was at two-and-a-half months ago. I have nowhere to go but up. Ultimately, I am the only person who can improve my own life by choosing to celebrate its positive moments and simply accept its not-so positive ones. Comments by readers and things I’ve learned in my psychology classes this month are: 1) Complaints are the opposite of gratitudes. When I choose to be grateful for what I do have, I’m doing the opposite of complaining about it. So perhaps I’ll try this: Each time I’m tempted to complain, I’ll require myself to make restitution by offering one earnest gratitude in its stead. 2) We’re more empowered than we give ourselves credit for: In most situations, we do have choices. Most of us become sick in life because we don’t admit we have choices. All too often we say, “I don’t have any choice but to; work here; stay with him/her; go to Thanksgiving with those people I hate; be a member of this group; pay these bills; etc, etc, etc.” But the truth is that we almost always do have choices—we just don’t like those choices. Learning to admit that I can quit my job if I want to, or not attend a party with people I don’t like, or whatever, empowers me to remember that I am not trapped in my life. I really can change things if I want to mitigate the risks. Making this a more automatic response in my own head will only serve to make me better and better at quickly seeing my choices and possibly become better and making better choices going forward. The No Complaints Challenge No one will get drenched in ice water with this challenge. Men Without Scars This morning I listened to a radio interview of an author who’s written three or four novels around characters who suffer with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) from having experienced such traumas as deadly floods, school shootings and childhood abuse. Being man who has dealt with PTSD most of my life, I expected the interview to be enlightening and helpful. Instead the author’s words led me toward a familiar feeling of depressed isolation, when once again, my specific situation was ignored completely. I briefly wanted to abandon the writing of my own novel, which helps readers live inside the mind of a boy during the onset of PTSD, because the author left me abruptly ashamed again of being who I am because of my lifetime struggle with PTSD. Once again I didn’t fit the social mold of who is allowed to get help and who must quietly suffer in silence. Do I truly have the right to process my feelings? (I’ll grant this author the immunity of anonymity for anything he said that may have led me to grief, because his work has done a lot of good for a lot of women over many years). His characters are men and women who’ve seen inhumane suffering, contracted traumatic brain damage from it, and then gone on to interact with each other in unhealthy ways. Very realistic. The problem is that his male sufferers contracted PTSD from exciting, violent crashes, and his women from being sexually or mentally abused as girls. In his interview, he referred to only one male character that’d been sexually assaulted as a boy. Guess who that character grew up to be; none other than the pedophile who gave PTSD to the main character when she was a girl. Is this a fair message to send to the unknown number of men in our world today who have seen no warfare, weren’t beaten to a bloody pulp by an alcoholic stepfather and have never watched six people burn in a fiery plane crash, but who still find themselves in the grip of lifelong traumatic responses? Is a victim of childhood mob-bullying only able to suffer PTSD if she was a girl, but not if he was a boy? By glancing over the top few websites that come up in a casual search, the men who’ve survived are given little excuse for their uncontrolled bouts with depression, self-destructive actions or for quietly drinking themselves to sleep each night. Women are emotionally traumatized and qualify for help, but men are weak and need to man up. Since help is not available to them, they suffer in shame. Google searches on PTSD in general bring a lot of hits for women molested as girls and men who were soldiers. A quick Google search of “Men molested as boys” yields a nice selection of information about the negative emotional effects on them, but the highest hitting sites that caught my own eye make no mention whatsoever of PTSD. A quick Google search of “Men with PTSD” brings up a fair number of military-centric sites. I opened an article from a recovery facility in which they posted reasons why men don’t get PTSD like women do. They said it was because men have less hormones than women, and because men don’t have emotions like women. Personally, I wonder how many men just don’t know they have it—or worse—they’re afraid of being targeted or written into a book as a pedophile. And if the recovery site was correct, that less men are prone to PTSD from mental, emotional and sexual abuse, then who’s speaking for those few who do? By the glaring lack of information, it seems that unless there was gunfire, there’s nothing that can be medically wrong with men. They can call themselves depressed, overly-emotional, addictive-personality, wired-too-tight, day-dreamers, unable to trust others, or to handle daily stress. But what do they call their dissociative trances, illogical fears, flashbacks or nightmares? Again, these are the men with no bruises or stories of hearing the screams from within their sinking ship. Women’s voices are more quickly heard by media and writers who don’t need to see scars. But then—according the research, women have emotions. I Dreamed I Was Alive – By James F Johnson The prince lay still. Asleep beneath a layer of plush, silk quilts. The glow of a warm fire dances on the walls. The quilts gently rise and ebb with his steady breath. Beside his large bed sets an ancient, sturdy wooden chair easily supporting the weight of his formidable Father, the King. Strong. Compassionate. Fair. His Father waits, holding the limp fingers of the boy whose face shares outlines of His own. The King’s eyes watch the closed lids of His slumbering child. He moves not a muscle and listens only to their synchronized breaths and the fire’s occasional crackle. Every minute or so, He gently utters words, “Wake up my son. I love you. It’s Dad. Wake up.” The son is dreaming. He’s in a place where he can’t find his Father. During parts of this dream, he believes he’s being chased by animals and can’t lose them. In this dream he calls out for his Father to protect but can’t find Him. Meanwhile, that Father, detecting panic, leans closer and whispers again, “Wake up, my Son. Nothing can hurt you. Just open your eyes. I’m right here.” The son can’t hear his Father’s words because the dream is noisy. Inside his mind are jetliners overhead, fire engines in the streets, barking dogs next door and people arguing over nothing on television news. Each time he solves a problem a new one crops up. He’s distracted by a demanding job, worries about the children he’s dreamt of having, and whose struggles are breaking his heart. He can’t sense the stillness in the room he’s sleeping in. He can’t hear the still, small voice of his Father’s whisper, now leaning only inches from his panicked face. “Wake up my son. I love you. It’s Dad. None of it is real. I’m right here.” In the dream, he grows increasingly frustrated at his Father’s refusal to come to his aid and who doesn’t seem to hold to any of his promises to “always be there for him.” Has he offended the King? Is his Father real or not? If He’s so “loving” why doesn’t He intervene and make this dream more pleasant? Sometimes the prince calms enough to wonder if maybe this really is a dream. Once he turned on a thug in chase and yelled, “Stop right there! This is MY dream, GO AWAY!” And it worked. The thug vanished. The son had performed a miracle. He tried to perform more of them but the dream became noisy again and he dreamt instead of losing his job. The worry brought him back into the illusion. How will he dream of eating food without an imagined job? His Father, all the while, remains at his side gently caressing a shoulder, whispering again, “Wake up my son. You’re in the Kingdom. Everything I have is yours. I love you. It’s Dad. Wake up.” The wise King knows not to awaken the boy too violently, because the dream is so real to him that waking up and seeing his Father’s face won’t make sense and he’ll close his eyes and fall back into another dream. So the King continues to whisper words of peace and Love. He knows that subconsciously, his son, at times, will quiet down enough to hear the still, small voice reminding him that he can let go the fantasies of noise and strife and anger and hatred—he can completely forgive every person in the dream. No one’s really done anything wrong. Every person really is a part of himself. The King is patient and will sit and whisper for as long as it takes. When his son one day tunes in with his Father’s voice, that son will simply open his eyes, see his Father and smile.
From OpenStreetMap Wiki Jump to navigation Jump to search Public-images-osm logo.svg descent Osm element key.svg The accumulated descent for any kind of non-physical route. Edit or translate this description. Group: Route Used on these elements Status: in use descent=descent in m is used to indicate the total accumulated descent in meters of a route relation. Usually indicating ascent=ascent in m should be enough, use descent=descent in m if it differs from the ascent (of course only possible if the route goes from A to B and is no roundtrip) (insert other useful applications if here). If you want to use another unit=km/m/miles/mph/... use descent=descent value plus unit=km/m/miles/mph/... separating the unit from the descent key, makes it easier for handling the data.This is not accepted tagging practice and is not widely used. Instead, units are commonly given as part of a value, like maxspeed=30 mph or height=2 m.
Tag Archives: activities for kids Top Ten Reasons to Choose a Dance Education for Your Child Well it is that time of year again! Time to start looking ahead to the school year – and that means choosing activities! As a mom, I am just like all of you when it comes to planning our schedules and looking for that perfect balance:) While it may be obvious that I love dance and I truly believe in the value of an dance education for all kids, you may not know why! So here is my top 10 list of why dance is the best activity for kids! Top 10 Reasons why Dance is the best activity for kids!! 1. Cardiovascular Strength! Dance involves a lot of energy output because it involves movement in all directions. All that stopping, starting, changing directions, burns a ton of fuel! Dance makes kids fit and healthy! 2. Dance Helps Kids Relax! Research since the 1980’s supports that dance curbs anxiety, reduces stress, and helps overcome social anxiety. 3. Dance Improves Balance and Strength! The up and down, side to side movements activates and trains all your body’s muscles including the little support muscles and tendons. Dance also builds coordination, flexibility, and endurance while reducing the chance for injury. 4. GRIT!! Dance helps kids learn discipline, because they have to memorize and execute specific steps and body movements that require practice and perseverance. Dance training teaches kids that hard work pays off! When children continue to put in effort in class, they will literally see results in the mirror. It’s such a concrete way for children to see that observing their actions and listening to guidance from teachers, combined with hard work, leads to positive results. I know from personal experience that the arts can be challenging. As a young dancer, there were many times when I became so frustrated that I wanted to quit. But I didn’t. After practicing hard, I learned that hard work and perseverance pay off. This mindset will certainly matter as they grow—especially during their career where they will likely be asked to continually develop new skills and work through difficult projects. 5. Dancers Are Smart! Dance increases cognitive function at all ages. Children who study dance are more likely to excel in school. In addition to the cognitive benefits, dance also teaches organization and discipline – 2 skills that kids really need to succeed in an academic environment. “A report by Americans for the Arts states that young people who participate regularly in the arts (three hours a day on three days each week through one full year) are four times more likely to be recognized for academic achievement, to participate in a math and science fair or to win an award for writing an essay or poem than children who do not participate.” 6. Dance Builds Self Esteem!! As children learn new steps the feel a sense of accomplishment. This tends to build their self-esteem as well, pushing them to learn more. When children perform in front of others, they develop a better sense of confidence as well. 7. Dancers Make Friends! Taking a dance class is a great way for your child to meet a new circle of friends! Dance teams allow for deeper connections and lifelong friendships. 8. Dancers Work Together! They must share responsibility and compromise to achieve their common goal. Kids learn that their contribution to the group is integral to its success. 9. Dancers Know How to Work Through Challenges! The arts strengthen problem solving and critical thinking skills. How do I express this feeling through my dance? How should I play this character? Learning how to make choices and decisions will certainly carry over into their education and other parts of life—as this is certainly a valuable skill in adulthood. 10. Dance Leads to Lifelong Success. Because of all the reasons above, dancers go on to accomplish great things both on and off the dance floor. Dancers have access to scholarship opportunities for nearly all universities as part of their arts program or their college dance teams. Dance is also a lifelong activity allowing participants to continue well after high school and college sports are done. There are volunteer opportunities for dancers to use their talents to give back to their community. And looking far into the future, dance is medically proven to prevent dementia. Athlete + Artist = Dancer!!! KICK Dance Studio - Dance Classes in NJ
Tiny Python Projects Learn coding and testing with puzzles and games Ken Youens-Clark • July 2020 • ISBN 9781617297519 • 440 pages • printed in black & white Tiny Python Projects is a gentle, amusing introduction to Python that will firm up several key concepts while occasionally making you snicker. Amanda Debler, Schaeffler Technologies A long journey is really a lot of little steps. The same is true when you're learning Python, so you may as well have some fun along the way! Written in a lighthearted style with entertaining exercises that build powerful skills, Tiny Python Projects takes you from amateur to Pythonista as you create 22 bitesize programs. Each tiny project teaches you a new programming concept, from the basics of lists and strings right through to regular expressions and randomness. Along the way you'll also discover how testing can make you a better programmer in any language. About the Technology Who says learning to program has to be boring? The 21 activities in this book teach Python fundamentals through puzzles and games. Not only will you be entertained with every exercise, but you'll learn about text manipulation, basic algorithms, and lists and dictionaries as you go. It's the ideal way for any Python newbie to gain confidence and experience. About the book The projects are tiny, but the rewards are big: each chapter in Tiny Python Projects challenges you with a new Python program, including a password creator, a word rhymer, and a Shakespearean insult generator. As you complete these entertaining exercises, you'll graduate from a Python beginner to a confident programmer—and you'll have a good time doing it! What's inside • Write command-line Python programs • Manipulate Python data structures • Use and control randomness • Write and run tests for programs and functions • Download testing suites for each project About the reader For readers with beginner programming skills. About the author Ken Youens-Clark is a Senior Scientific Programmer at the University of Arizona. He has an MS in Biosystems Engineering and has been programming for over 20 years. placing your order... Don't refresh or navigate away from the page. print book $31.99 $39.99 pBook + eBook + liveBook Additional shipping charges may apply Tiny Python Projects (print book) added to cart continue shopping go to cart eBook $25.59 $31.99 3 formats + liveBook Tiny Python Projects (eBook) added to cart continue shopping go to cart customers also bought customers also reading This book FREE domestic shipping on three or more pBooks
The coral reef had become a silent graveyard. A lone diver placed a few black boxes on the “dead” reef, some cameras, and then swam away. Weeks later something had changed. There were fish gliding around where few had been before. They were finding food on the reef and so accidentally cleaning it. Sea creatures that make food from light were back too. And of course, predators had returned. The reef seemed to be coming back to life. What caused this sudden transformation? One of the black boxes the diver left behind contained a speaker. This speaker broadcast sounds that attracted other fish. The sounds were not of classical music or rock and roll though. They were the sounds of a healthy reef. These sounds attracted reef-dwelling fish which help the reef recover. The damage done to the reef wasn’t permanent. With the right strategies, it could recover. Limiting self beliefs also seem to “damage” us And while many see this damage as permanent, with the right strategies these beliefs can change. When they do, you live more freely as the person you want to be. So we’ll be discussing why limiting beliefs about ourselves have the negative effect they do and how to remove them. But first, we need to define what a limiting self-belief actually is. A limiting self belief is a belief about yourself that gets in your way “I’m not good enough.” “I’m not important.” “I’m not worthwhile.” These are examples of this kind of belief. They lead to behaviors that go against your values and goals. You might like to become an author but fear stops you. You might like to get in better shape but you don’t see yourself as “that kind of person.” You might like to speak up at work more often but something holds you back. Self beliefs are a kind of prison because there is little room for escape If you believe dogs are dangerous, you can just keep away from dogs. If you think exercise is boring, you can find something more interesting to do. If you think you’re deeply flawed as a person, then you can’t escape. This flawed person will go with you wherever you go. How do you remove limiting self beliefs? One way is to use the Lefkoe Belief Process. There are 6 steps. Here they are below. 1. Identify a belief. 2. Find the events that led to the belief. 3. Come up with alternative interpretations. 4. Realize you didn’t “see” the belief. 5. Notice the events have no inherent meaning. 6. Test to see if the belief is still here. You can get more details on all the steps by reading this post and this one Or you can get very specific guidance into eliminating one of your own beliefs by going to our free belief-elimination videos found here: Finally, we offer training at least twice a year in which we show you exactly how to use this process. You can find out more at and join the waiting list there as well. In fact, registration for the next class will start in January 2021. To join you must be on the waiting list. To sum up, limiting self beliefs seem to damage us but can be changed • This kind of belief is a belief we hold about ourselves which gets in our way. • They are especially limiting because we cannot escape them. • We carry our “self” with us wherever we go. • You can get rid of them using six steps of the Lefkoe Method. Keep in mind, that just as a dead coral reef may appear to be permanently destroyed, the right sounds can bring it back to life. So too, can you and others regain any power you have lost after forming limiting beliefs. All it takes is the right approach. Announcing The Lefkoe Method Training 1 This course teaches you how to do eliminate a belief in 30 minutes. The course involves daily exercises that slowly build the skills bit by bit. By the end, you will feel confident that you can eliminate anyone’s beliefs even your own. The course will go on sale in the final week of January. To be notified when the course is available you must be on the waiting list. You can join the waiting list here: Once on the list, you’ll also get some goodies that teach you more about eliminating limiting beliefs.
Fact File on Everest the Top of the World • Dec 11, 2020 • Hemanta Maharjan Table of Contents Mount Everest is undeniably one of the greatest attractions for mountaineers and adventurers all over the world. The gravitation with which the top of the world attracts people is so strong that they risk their lives to climb it or get a close view from the base camp. Named after the British surveyor George Everest, the mountain is also called Sagarmatha in the Nepali dialect and Chomolungma in Tibet. Fact files on Everest reveal many mysteries and extraordinary human feats. We list below some interesting facts you would like to know: Some Facts to Know on mt. Everest The Formation of Everest: Most of the rock at the summit of Everest is limestone that is 450 million years old. However, the mountain itself dates back much further, to around 60 million years and consists of shale, marble, and limestone. Tectonic plate movement (Indian and Asian plate) leads the ocean floor to be pushed upward at a slow pace over millions of years, reaching the current position. Rock pieces from Everest bear fossil records of sea creatures in the ocean bed. Everest still grows a quarter of an inch each year. The Conquest: Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary were the first to reach the summit of Everest in 1953. The first woman to successfully conquer Everest was Junko Tabei of Japan (1975). Apa Sherpa and Phurba Tashi have climbed Everest 21 times, engraving their names for making the most summits. Dave Hahn from America has made 15 summits which is the highest times a non-Sherpa has climbed the mountain. Lhakpa Sherpa holds the women's summit record with seven ascents to date. Summit Statistics: As per the data from August 2015, a total of 7,001 summits of Everest have been made by 4,093 different people from all routes. 418 of the total number were women. This data includes 953 people (mostly Sherpas) who have made successful summits multiple times. Strangely, 193 daring climbers have reached the summit without any supplemental oxygen. You should Know: Everest can be climbed from 18 different routes from Nepal and China as it lies at the border of the two countries. The age limit to scale Everest is 16 from the Nepal side and 18 from the China side. The oxygen intake level keeps on decreasing as you ascend higher due to pressure variance and only 66 percent is available at the summit. Climbing Everest is a laborious feat in which mountaineers burn over a thousand calories per day and may lose around 20 pounds on return from the expedition. The Glorious Sherpa People Sherpa is an ethnic group of people of Nepal whose last name is also Sherpa. Their first name is generally derived from the name of the day they are born (Nyima – Sunday, Dawa – Monday, Mingma – Tuesday, Lhakpa, Phurbu, Pasang, and Pemba). Climbing Everest is a profession for them to support their families and they help climbers by carrying tents and cooking during expeditions. Although the body of a Sherpa has been proven to be specially adapted for high altitudes, they can also get altitude sickness. All that Trash: Littering on Everest is a major issue and an estimated 50 tons of waste has already been left behind by climbers. Oxygen bottles, climbing equipment, and human feces litter the slopes in unimaginable plenty. The government of Nepal enforced a new rule that each climber must bring down eight kilograms of waste on their descent to claim their deposit of 4,000 dollars. Campaigns such as Everest 8848 Art Project have turned 8 tons of rubbish from Everest into the artwork to increase awareness about the situation.
Keynote Speaker: David L. Phillips-Director of the Program on Peace-building and Rights at Columbia University’s Institute for the Study of Human Rights: “Iranian Kurdistan, also known as East Kurdistan or “Rojhelat”, is home to 12 million Kurds who are dispersed in parts of Kermanshah, Ilam, West Azerbaijan, and Kurdistan provinces. In return for supporting the Iranian revolution in 1979, Iranian Kurds were promised local self-government, and control over natural resources and economic decision-making. They were also promised cultural rights, including use of both Farsi and Kurdish in education.” “Iranian Kurds were deceived by Ruhollah Khomeini. Barred from participating in Khomeini’s Assembly of Experts, Kurds protested: “No referendum. Self-determination first.” Iran’s new constitution enshrined the principle of Islamic jurisprudence and Shia supremacy, while ignoring demands for regional autonomy. Article 15 of Iran’s 1979 constitution established Persian as the Islamic Republic’s official language. The constitution promised uniform development and cultural rights to all Iranian citizens. However, Kurdish areas were denied investment and lagged behind. Kurds refused to participate in a referendum to approve the constitution in March 1979. When Kurds took up arms, 200,000 members of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps launched a brutal counter-insurgency campaign. The Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI) proposed a 5-point peace plan, which was rejected by Khomeini’s representatives who insisted they disarm before negotiations. Khomeini declared a holy war against the Kurds on August 19, 1979. Khomeini rejected the concept of minority rights during a speech in December 1979. Disparaging Kurds, he referred to them as “children of Satan” and “enemies of God.” By 1982, more than 10,000 Kurds had been killed and 200,000 displaced by the IRGC. Thousands more were executed after summary trials. ” “Social injustice still prevails in Iranian Kurdistan, one of the poorest regions in Iran measured in average income, literacy, and life expectancy. Unemployment of Iranian Kurds is about 50%. Kurds rejected state-sponsored education in Farsi. The demands of Iranian Kurds were inspired by regional developments, such as the PKK rebellion in Turkey and Iraq’s constitution of 2004. Kurds in Iran aspire to the same rights as their Kurdish brethren in Iraq. Non-Persian ethnic groups, including Kurds, Arabs, Azeris, Baluchis, and Ahwazis, comprise 40-50% of Iran’s population and represent a potent force. However, divisions between Kurdish factions and between the Kurds and other ethnic minorities have undermined their effectiveness. The Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan evolved into the KDP, which splintered in 1988. Despite personality conflicts and power struggles, these groups share the same goal: a democratic, federal, republic “in Iran with local control over politics, natural resources, economic development and cultural expression.” “Columbia University’s Program on Peacebuilding and Human Rights is pleased to co-sponsor the panel with the Washington Kurdish Institute. I have met the panelists in previous meetings at Columbia University on January 27, 2020 and in Washington on March 4. Plans to broaden the circle and upgrade the level of participation were stymied by the Coronavirus, which restricted travel in early March. As soon as conditions allow, we hope to convene a meeting of political party leaders and their US-based representatives in Europe to break the ice; finalize terms of reference for the dialogue project; and agree on the way forward.” Arash Salih– Representative of the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan to the United States: “The Rojhelat, AKA the Iranian Kurdistan, aka Radian Kurdistan, aka Kurdistan of Iran is the most forgotten part. But not to forget that the Kurdish nationalism originated in Rojhelat. In the pre-modern era, the longest and the most robust Kurdish dynasty, Ardalans was centered in Sanandaj in Rojhelat from where they organized their territory for several centuries. A territory that based on Sharafkhan Bidlisie the most renowned Kurdish historian sometimes also encompassed Qaradagh, Kirkuk, Kifiri, Khanaqin, and Sharazur in southern Kurdistan. In the modern times, the first experience of the Kurdish self-rule was established in Mehabad and in Rojhelat in the form of an independent Republic. Rajhelat is also the home for the oldest Kurdish political organization. The most important institutes of Kurdish nationalism, Peshmerga, national Anthem, and, Kurdish banner are all products of the rich political culture of Rojhelat.” “Rojhelat is forgotten not because it is silent. We don’t hear from Rojhelat a lot, not because nothing’s going on there. Quite contemporary Rojhelat is more alive than any time. It has its own way of expressing itself entered under the most brutal and the most insidious dictatorship mankind has seen in the past half a century. But unfortunately when it comes to Iran, other topics and subjects such as JCPOa, maximum pressure, the relationship between the United States and Iran, they are all topics and subjects that is more interest in the mass media””It is important for the United States to realize that it is in their direct interest to support us Kurds in Iran. It will be in the direct benefit of the region to support us in Iran. It will be in the direct benefit of peace if they support us, Kurds in Iran. And basically it is very important to realize that, the Iranian Kurds can you actually repeat the same experience as Iraqi Kurds and Syrian Kurds and provide an example of democracy and tolerance in their region for the rest of Iran” Salah Bayaziddi- Representative of the Komala Party to the United States: “41 years ago when the revolution took place in Iran, Iranian Kurds, alongside other ethnic groups in Iran participated for hope for a free democratic Iran. In reality, in Iranian Kurdistan, the Islamic revolution never took place. The appeal in 1979 when Khomeini proposed the Islamic Republic referendum for yes or no, the Kurds fully boycott it. So from that point, that evolution in Kurdistan diverse to a different from what was going on in the rest of Iran. Khomeini was angry at the Kurds but the Kurds still remained peaceful, trying to resolve the issue with the central government.”In July of 1979, Khomeini declared jihad against the Kurds. It took more than decades in the military could be defeated, but politically still is strong. The took by estimate between 60 to 80,000 lives during that decade, Kurdistan still remains militarized when some changes might happen in other parts of Iran, but we still have a political execution in Iran. ” “The Kurdish situation is not changed much, but what happened that changed for the Kurdistan and rest of Iran I think it was in November 2019 when the protest took place in Iran. For the first time, we saw the widespread protest, which is the same thing that the Kurds were asking for decades. The people who are this time to come to the street, they were not middle class, like in 2009, they were upset about the result of the presidential election, the people, the so-called poor people and low-class people who the regime always saw them as their base. But what we saw, the regime in the two days took a policy, shot to kill people.” “The Iranian Persian parties, which is, unfortunately, a very fragmented, mostly the elites or some of them don’t believe even at limited, right for Kurds like federalism or power-sharing.”
The Green Benefits of Electric Cars Will Electric Vehicle Replace Gasoline Vehicles? A car that runs on electricity is much better for the environment than one that uses fossil fuels. A car running on power is much more efficient since it has a smaller carbon footprint than a car running on gasoline. The green benefits of an electric vehicle are many. A car running on electricity also reduces wear and tear on your vehicle. Turbines generate electricity The electricity used by electric cars is produced by generating electricity using wind turbines. Wind turbines produce power, which is then used to power electric motors. There is an economic benefit to using wind-generated electricity. Because the electrical power of the generator is free, there is no need to purchase expensive batteries to store the energy created by the generator. In fact, the batteries are very expensive, so an electric car powered by wind power is extremely economical. The actual cost of the electric car will depend on the size of the battery pack required. Solar panels are used to power electric cars. They are attached to the roof of the car, providing the energy needed to power the vehicle. This energy is collected from the sun, which means that solar-powered vehicles are especially good at capturing sunlight in the early morning and late evening hours. Advantage of solar powered cars The great thing about solar-powered cars is that you can use the energy to charge up your battery. As you drive around your city, your battery will be charged up to 100% capacity. In the days leading up to your upcoming vacation, you can use the charged-up battery to travel wherever you please. If you want to use electric cars for longer trips, they can be used as a backup when fossil fuel-powered cars are not available. Even when gas prices rise, you can use electric cars to go around town. You can charge up your car at your destination and then continue on. You do not have to worry about high gas prices since you can rely on renewable energy. The advantages to your wallet will be tremendous. An electric car will run cheaper than a regular car, and you can drive anywhere you want, whenever you want. The only downside is that some people may not find electric cars as easy to start as regular cars. Some of the downside of electric cars It will take a bit more effort to start your electric car because the batteries require a bit more time to charge up. Make sure that you read the instruction manual carefully and follow the directions carefully. Disadvantages to your wallet will be reduced mileage and higher maintenance costs. Since batteries require some upkeep and can be easily damaged, it will cost you a bit more to maintain your electric car. While these disadvantages to your wallet should not keep you from looking into electric cars, they should be considered environmental benefits. The benefits to the environment should not be overlooked because many are concerned about global warming. Electric cars, if they have been built with the environmental benefits in mind, can be very well maintained. It will be easier to maintain since the vehicles are electric, and there will be fewer emissions produced in the process. These two factors combined will have a positive effect on the environment. Subscribe to our monthly Newsletter
107 High Desert Soil Brown caliche SKU: 703610240742 Categories: , , Tags: , , , High Desert Soil is an informal designation, with non-discrete boundaries. It applied to areas of the Mojave Desert in southern California. Generally, the desert is between 2 and 4 thousand feet in elevation. Likewise, located north of the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, and Little San Bernardino Mountains. In short, local news media use High desert to describe the area. For example, it is used on weather forecasts. Because of the high desert’s unique and moderate weather patterns. This because of local low desert neighbors. The term “High Desert” serves to differentiate it from southern California’s Low Desert. Elevation, climate, animal life, and vegetation native to these regions to make it a low desert. High desert soils are derived from these deserts. High Desert soils are mostly loamy sand, deep and well-drained Entisols formed in alluvium fans derived dominantly from granitic rocks and related rocks. These soils have very low organic matter, are high in potassium, and have pH’s around 7.5 to 8.0. Saline and/or alkaline surface layer occurs in places. Slopes range from 0 to 10 percent most of the time. The San Andreas Rift Zone area and have contributed to the complexity of the parent rocks. Cajon, Hesperia, and Rosamond are very common soil in the region. These soils consist of clay loams, with rooting depths between 10 to 40 inches. Parent materials of mixed material derived from weathered basalt. The average annual rain ranges between 10 and 14 inches. Vegetation is defined by blue grama, western wheat, and sagebrush. Vegetation observed include western wheat, fringed sage, squirreltail, blue grama, sagebrush, prickly pear, juniper, snakeweed, prairie Junegrass, single and rabbitbrush. Aquifers are used for wildlife and recreation. It can be used for crop production if irrigation is available. In fact, we have grown crops using irrigation in deserts for millennia. Thus, irrigation water comes from rivers or aquifers. Aquifers are underground areas of porous rock. Likewise, it can be full of sand and gravel that hold lots of water. Irrigation in most desert regions causes a buildup of salt in the soil. Some plants can tolerate more salt than others. But, salt in the soil affects plant growth and yield. When the salt levels are too high, plants die. SOURCES • http://celosangeles.ucanr.edu/Agriculture/High_Desert_Soils/ Additional information Weight 11.5 oz Dimensions 4.2 × 2.7 × .85 in 0 Powder, 03 Sand and Gravel
The amazing benefits of recycling tires Non-biodegradable products that end up in landfills has become a great problem in the recent times. Therefore, it is important that we try to re-use and recycle in all ways possible. The more considerate you are about recycling and reusing the products that you use in your daily life, the easier it will be for you to create an earth that is les polluted and has less landfills. One of the most common things seen in land fills are tires. Rather than just throwing away a used tire, it is always best to recycle them in Sydney as it can bring in great benefits. Here are some of them: Helps in creating new products When you recycle tires, it will easily help the rubber industry as it lowers the need for new raw rubber to produce. Creating raw rubber is an expensive and an energy consuming procedure. The rubber that is recycled from tires can be used in various purposes that will significantly lower the carbon footprint of the earth. Some of the great applications of recycling tires are that they can be used on turfs for playgrounds, flooring, rubberized asphalt and many more. Always be sure that you don’t just throw away your tires but that you recycle them so that the best to world can be given with new products without having to waste energy. Reduces landfills Landfills are a major issue. Recycling is one of the greatest ways to reduce the space that is taken up by landfills. These large piles of garbage contribute to major air, environmental and water pollution. That is not all, animals also feed off landfills that makes them sick. When you take the responsibility that you have seriously and start recycling the tires, you can easily reduce the amount of waste that goes into the landfills. This will easily help make a change in terms of lowering pollution and also creating countries that are free from garbage trouble. Prevents diseases Dumping ties in landfills owe even if you discard them at home will also aid into creating diseases. This is because it creates the ideal breeding ground for mosquitos aiding the spread of diseases such as malaria. That is not all, it will also bring rise to an increased rodent population as well. Rather than bunking the tire sin your backyard, you can easily recycle them with professional help. If you already have used tires that needs to be taken care of, you might even have pests in your house. Having a backyard or a garden that is free from tires just laying around freely will aid into creating a house with a lower risk of a pest infection. Prevents fires Tires are highly inflammable. If you have tires laying around and if there is a risk of a fire, the tires will act has a fuel to make it a bigger flame. Recycling the tires that you have used will also create a much safe environment for you to live in.
astronomy Cosmology Creation/evolution Physics Have Population III stars finally been discovered? Until now (as claimed) these original stars have never be observed, hence they were nothing more than hypothetical. But their existence is a big bang prediction. Population I, II and III stars Astronomers classify stars into three types: Population I, II and III. Population II are those generation of stars, which allegedly formed from the Population III stars and have only a low metal content. Population I stars were allegedly the last to form, hence are the youngest and hottest stars and those with high metal content. Population I and II stars were historically first identified in our Galaxy. Population I stars are found predominantly in the spiral disk of the Galaxy and Population II stars are found above and below the disk. They have other distinguishing features also but their metal content is the major distinguishing feature. What was found? National Geographic online article reported:2 In a galaxy named CR7 they claimed to have detected the presence of Population III stars, but note the following. The distance is determined from the redshift of the galaxy, which is why the reporter writes that it is as on “the edge of the visible cosmos”. But if the redshift interpretation for those very high redshift galaxies is not correct (an unverifiable assumption) then the galaxy is not so distant, nor so large nor so bright as claimed. Of course the theorist who predicted this would want it to be true. But no detection of a single star was made. Instead, they captured the collective light of stars in the galaxy CR7. They then claimed, based on redshift (z = 6.6) and their assumed cosmology, that the stars in this galaxy are seen at a time 800 million years after the big bang.3 Evidence to consider I was recently presented with an argument that there was a systematic trend of decreasing metal content of stars/galaxies as a function of increasing redshift.4 Older galaxies should have higher redshifts and less metals in their constituent stars. How does that fit into any creationist cosmology? It was suggested that the trend is what the big bang expects and in contradiction to creationist cosmologies. But the latter argument hangs on the validity of the source’s redshift as both distance and time indicators. If, as Halton Arp strongly promoted in his lifetime,5-7 there is a component of redshift that is intrinsic to quasars and active galaxy nuclei (AGNs), then their measured redshifts are not a reliable distance indicator, nor can they tell you how young or how evolved the quasars/galaxies might be, as is alleged. This then undermines the alleged trend of lower metallicity at higher redshift, and hence in the ‘oldest’ generation stars. Oldest here means the ones that allegedly formed first after the big bang. I would make the point that the assumed ‘youth’ of a galaxy, hence how massive it is at a certain epoch of its life, depends critically on accurately knowing ‘when’ it is you are seeing it. But that then depends strongly on the meaning of galaxy redshifts and on any assumed cosmological model. At very high redshifts, to fit galaxies into the trend of metallicity verses redshift, a tuning knob called ‘galaxy evolution’ is used. This is used to make any observation fit into the overall story.8 It provides the needed flexibility. A Hubble-like law could still apply in a static universe, for example, but only for a component of the total redshift of a galaxy. It would not be from expansion but something else. I have suggested it could be due to ‘tired light,’ which Edwin Hubble considered himself.9 So a large intrinsic redshift could have several components to it, where only a small fraction is due to some Hubble law-like distance relationship. The main problem though is how to separate out the Hubble law-like component.4 Now to answer the headline question: Have Population III stars finally been discovered? No, they haven’t. It is just more big-bang story telling. They would need to identify some stars containing no metals, which according to standard cosmology are located in galaxies that are less than 400 million years old, and hence with measured redshifts of order 12 or greater (and that is granting the validity of the distance/redshift assumptions). 1. The Beginning of the Universe, 2. M.D. Lemonick, Astronomers Glimpse Very First Stars in the Universe, National Geographic, June 17, 2015. 4. J.G. Hartnett, On metal abundances verses redshift in creationist cosmologies, October 20, 2015. 5. J.G. Hartnett, Galaxy-quasar associations, January 1, 2014. 6. J.G. Hartnett, What do quasars tell us about the universe? May 10, 2014. 7. J.G. Hartnett, Big-bang-defying giant of astronomy passes away, December 31, 2013. 8. J.G. Hartnett, Is there definitive evidence for an expanding universe? August 19, 2014. Related Reading By John Gideon Hartnett 5 replies on “Have Population III stars finally been discovered?” Hello, Dr Hartnett! One question about Halton Arp’s theory. Wikipedia’s article on NGC 4319 says that the Hubble Space Telescope proved that the light from Markarian 205 was passing through the disk and halo of NGC 4319, meaning Markarian 205 is behind the galaxy and further away. Does this refute Arp’s theory? Firstly, don’t believe everything you read on wikipedia. It is not trustworthy. When NASA used the HST to try and disprove the Arp hypothesis that Markarian 205 was physically connected to the galaxy NGC 4319, their very high resolution image shows a bridge of hydrogen connecting the two objects. If you look carefully at Fig. 1 here you can see the bridge in the image NASA provided through Space Telescope Science Institute. And why have they suppressed the other research by Arp and others? Check out Halton Arp—Big-bang defying giant passes away. So the answer to your question is, no! My opinion:7Li=12C-16O 7Li(p,y)8Be(a,y)12C, 7Li(p,y)8Be(8Be,y)16O*. The theory is that carbon and oxygen primordial!? Conclusion: The “lithium problem”, a consequence of life Universe? What is your opinion? Thank you in advance for your reply. Regards nyemi Thanks for the reply and the link. Astrophysicist advised me mathematical calculations hypothesis. I want to deal with 12C-16O nuclear excitations that evidence strong anthropic principle. Regards nyemi Comments are closed.
Quick Answer: What Is 70 DB Noise Level? What is the loudest sound on earth? How many times louder is 10 dB? The dB rating is not just “how loud it sounds.” Rather, each extra 10 dB means the sound is 10 times as intense. The rule of thumb from last time means, that it is perceived to be (“sounds”) roughly 2 times as loud. Therefore, 60 dB is perceived to be about 2×2×2=8 times as loud as 30 dB. How much louder is 3 decibels? A 1 dB change in a sound equates to about a 26% difference in sound energy (remember that a 3 dB difference is a doubling of energy levels). In terms of subjective loudness, a 1 dB change yields just over a 7% change. A 3 dB change yields a 100% increase in sound energy and just over a 23% increase in loudness. Is 70 dB loud? How loud is 78 decibels? Decibels ExplainedDecibel LevelSource70 dBVacuum cleaner, hair dryer75 dBDishwasher78 dBWashing machine80 dBGarbage disposal, city traffic noise7 more rows What is 85 dB sound like? How many times louder is 20 dB? How loud is 1000db? On the decibel scale, the smallest audible sound is 0 dB. A sound that is 10 times more powerful would be measured at 10 dB. A sound that is 100 times more powerful than total silence would be 20 dB. A sound that is 1,000 louder than silence would be measured at 30 dB. How quiet is 40 dB? What is an acceptable dB noise level? How many decibels can kill a human? What does 74 dB sound like? Noise Level ChartdBAExample70shower75toilet flushing80alarm clock85passing diesel truck28 more rows What frequency can kill you? How much louder is 70 dB than 60 db? How much louder is 70 dB than 50 db? What does 60 dB sound like? How loud can a human yell?
Bus crash on city’s South Side In a crash involving a CTA bus, eight people were injured at 8:45 a.m. in Chicago’s South Side, reported the Chicago Tribune. The bus crash on the city’s South Side occurred close by 82nd St. and Cottage Grove Ave. when the bus was driving south at 81st and Cottage. The bus was hit by a car going north that passed into its route. Traumatic brain injury occurs in an automobile crash when the head hits something such as the steering wheel or the windshield. The skull does not necessarily have to have been penetrated or fractured for TBI to happen. The force of a crash can cause the brain to collide with the skull. The brain is a soft consistency, while the skull is very hard. The collision can cause a contusion (bruising of the brain) and brain hemorrhage (bleeding). It may not be apparent at first that such an injury had been sustained because it is internal damage. When blood builds up in the brain, it is called hematoma. Edema occurs when there is swelling in the brain causing an increase in intracranial pressure. Medication can sometimes relieve the pressure, but sometimes doctors may drill a hole in the skull. Another type of injury that one may sustain is blunt trauma when the head hits the windshield in an automobile collision. The head sustains an open wound, where the brain pulls away from the skull and injures the brain. This kind of injury can be sustained in a roof crush, which does not seem to be present here, or during occupant ejection. Whiplash can be very bad for the brain as well. The body is flung and the brain moves around against the hard skull, causing brain damage. Severe whiplash can cause Diffuse Axonal Injury, or extensive lesions in white matter over a large area. This can also cause the person to be comatose. It also may cause cells to die and brain swelling. This results in decreased blood flow to the brain. Normally the areas of the brain that are injured are the frontal lobe and temporal lobe. Sometimes the brain will bounce back and damage the back brain where the occipital lobe is, in charge of visual processing. The people involved had mostly mild-to-serious injuries, but one person was taken to the hospital in serious-to-critical condition. When the brain injury is serious, it is likely the outcome will affect their daily living for the days, weeks, and months following the crash. Mild brain injury involves brief loss of consciousness, while severe brain injury will often involve memory loss and prolonged periods of unconsciousness. In a 2006 study by the Atlanta Nation Center for Injury Prevention and Control, it was stated that 1.7 million people sustain a TBI annually. One of the most common ways to sustain a traumatic brain injury is automobile crash, with 292,202 incidents reported from 2002 to 2006. Falls were the most common way to sustain brain damage, according to the report. Although the nature of these people’s injuries is unknown, we are hoping for the best for those involved in this bus crash on the city’s South Side. Gordon Johnson More Posts - Website - 312-767-9383 TwitterFacebookLinkedInGoogle Plus
Segmentation means grouping the visitors browsing your website based on their behavior, location, or other attributes. Segmentation is used to gather data to better understand the visitors of a site, and to target specific types of visitors with content that matches their interests. You can use segments to build personalized visitor journeys on your site. This guide introduces segments, segment groups, and target groups, and shows you how to create and use them in the Frosmo Control Panel.
Why You Should Drink More Water Daily Why You Should Drink More Water Daily Water is one element in life that no one can do without. Even the animals and plants do need water to remain alive. The body of a normal human adult consists of sixty percent water, our blood made of ninety percent water. To keep the body system working properly, one needs to take enough water. Listed below are the benefits of water to the body. Why You Should Take More Water (Benefits Of water to the body) 1. It Forms the saliva Water is the major component of saliva. Saliva plays a very important role in the digestion of food substances. It helps in the disintegration of food particles. It also plays the role of ensuring our mouth is clean. 2. It provides lubrication to the joints. Taking enough water will keep the joints, tissues and spinal cord lubricated. It will help to prevent pain in the joints by increasing the shock-absorbing ability of the joints. 3. Regulation of body temperature Having enough water in the body helps to keep the body temperature normal especially during involvement in strenuous physical activities. The body gives out it’s water through sweat when we exercise ourselves and sometimes when we are under the sun or in a hot atmosphere. Water is needed to be taken into the body to replace the quantity that has been lost through sweat. Also Read: 10 Ways To Keep Your Eyes Healthy 4. It aids digestion Drinking water helps to break down the food particles taken into the body. Digestion becomes difficult for the body when it is dehydrated. Drinking enough water can also help you to avoid constipation. 5. It helps in taking out waste products from the body There are lots of ways through which waste items from the food we eat are flushed out of the body and water is necessary to make each process work. The body excretes wastes through defecation, urination and sweating. Enough water taken into the body system also helps the kidney work better and helps in prevention of kidney stones. 6. It helps in weight loss Taking enough water alongside taking the right diet and exercising will go a long way in helping overweight people reduce their weights. Instead of taking more sugary substances like juices and soft drinks, taking more water will help you balance your weight. Also Read: How To Keep Yourself Healthy Every Time 7. It helps to distribute oxygen and nutrients throughout the body Water is an important part of the transport system in the body. Minerals and vitamins are dissolved and are transported to the various parts of the body where they are needed. Oxygen is also carried through the blood which contains a large percentage of water. 8. It boosts energy Water is essential for athletes and sportsmen. It helps to replace the water in the body lost through perspiration. 9. It helps to keep the skin healthy Enough water in the body keeps the skin hydrated and reduces the skin vulnerability to disorders and wrinkling 10. It helps to prevent dehydration Dehydration can be dangerous to the body system. When dehydration is serious, it can cause failure in kidney, seizures, swelling. Also Read: 10 Foods That Can Improve Your Eyesight If you sweat so much or live in places with high temperature, or even if you work in hot places, you would need to increase the quantity of water you take to prevent dehydration. When you urinate and find the urine dark or coloured, it shows that the body is dehydrated and needs more water. You should also respond to your body’s thirst for water always. When the body is well hydrated, it keeps you alert, helps your memory, helps your mood and your focus in your day activities. It can also help in preventing hangovers (this is however not to encourage you to consume too much of alcohol). Take more water. Make sure your subscribe to our blog to receive notification of our updates and keep yourself healthy every time. Follow us on Twitter – @HealthyEverytime Facebook – @HealthyEveryTimePage Spread the love Join 84 other subscribers Leave a Reply Sign Up Enter your email to get notifications for more healthy living tips Join 84 other subscribers Read more about us
A transformer is basically an electric device intended to transfer electric power from one electric circuit to another, without changing its frequency. Most widely used are the transformers for transmitting electric energy to houses from power stations, while others may be used in electronic appliances for the purpose of regulating voltage. Voltage needs to be regulated because the electrical appliances’ requirement is different from that of the electric current supplied. Hence regulators are fitted along with appliances to control the supply of current to avoid any short circuiting.
Social what? A Brief History of Social Recruitment No alt text provided for this image What you just read is one of the most famous job advertisements in history. Arguably one of the greatest advertisements ever written, Sir Ernest Shackleton used this famous job ad to put together the crew of the Endurance. 5,000 men lined up to apply. The Old French word 'advertir' means to notice. How employers have gotten people to notice their job opportunities has changed throughout the years. That change is usually due to technological disruption: a new piece of technology is introduced, and on it change pivots. The first job ads were pieces of paper posted onto lamp posts, bulletin boards, or on the windows of the employers in the area. This local approach limited the number of candidates available for the job, but it was still the best way to recruit in case your neighbour's grandson didn't want their job anymore. In the 1600s, movable type resulted in one of the most powerful means of advertising - the newspaper. No alt text provided for this image You may remember the 'Help Wanted' section of the paper. Even if not, the image of someone drawing circles around jobs has been used numerous times in movies. It's been used so much that it is universally understood. If you describe that scene to someone, and ask them what the person is doing, nearly all of them would say “looking for work”. The first newspaper adverts were often short, as they were paid by the line, and resembled more of a tweet than a job ad. Each page of the ‘Help Wanted’ section might have hundreds of adverts. The 'Help Wanted' was used well into the 90s (and still to a small extent today); when technology gave birth to one of the most revolutionary changes to date: the internet. Job adverts were disrupted and went online. was born in 1999, and it has been one of the most dominant job boards in the United States. In its prime, employers were posting over a million jobs a day., and other job boards like it, gave us the ability to reach more people than ever before. Job postings were not limited by location. The content was also able to change because the price was not determined by length, allowing job listings to illustrate more than just “Low wages, bitter cold, long hours of complete darkness”. As employers could include more text, pictures and videos in their job advert, they could create a narrative for the role and the organisation. The job board allowed more people to see the job ad, and people to see more in the job ad. With more people turning to job boards to find listings, those that were advertising on the boards could reach more people better, and fewer turned to the “Help Wanted” section of the newspaper. Those sticking with the newspaper were advertising to a continuously shrinking population. Disruption rewards early adopters and punishes traditionalists. Social media is not new, but it is changing significantly, and changing recruitment with it. The number of social media users has increased year-on-year since 2005. This year, there are approximately 3.6 billion social media network users (3.6 million in New Zealand), just under half the planet. In 2005, 12% of young adults were on social media. Most estimates, now, have it at 90%. It has given audiences access to more information, and information that is presented in much more engaging ways. For better or for worse, it has had a profound effect on how people find their news, their relationships, and their jobs. No alt text provided for this image People use LinkedIn to advertise and look for jobs, organisations are increasingly creating their own careers Facebook pages, and we even train our graduates on how to use LinkedIn - we all understand the value of it. Our audiences are increasingly on social media - 114 minutes a day, on average. With new and innovative ways to communicate - more text, interactive components, engaging videos and cunning cookies, we can create better and more engaging narratives for the roles and organisations we’re drum-beating for. Social media allows more people to see our job ads, and people to see more in our job ads, combining elements of employer branding and recruitment marketing. The market is changing. The market is changing, and we can't stop it. Not so long ago, students would be 'forever grateful' for an opportunity in any business. These days, small, medium, and large employers have to give them reasons to accept their job offers. Because they have access to more opportunities and information. The narratives they see are more engaging, resonate more, promise more. The competition for junior talent is getting more complex; there are more layers that we need to consider. This behavioural change is happening because we are dealing with the most educated generation we've ever seen, which makes Gen Zs very discerning individuals. One of their most distinctive personality traits is curiosity which explains how well-informed they are. Asking for reasons to accept an offer is just part of who they are. Disruption rewards early adopters and punishes traditionalists. Some people might find this new empowerment of the younger generation uncomfortable and almost unacceptable. I, for one, am not one of them. I think it's incredible that students know their worth - and more importantly - that they can decide for themselves whether a job is right for them or not. Graduate programmes had a big part to play in all of this, but that's a topic for another day. We can't ignore the fact that we need new strategies and ways of attracting emerging talent. The market is changing, and we can't stop it, but there's something we can do about it. Learn from it and adapt. Among a highly perceptive psychographic (who knew psychographic was a word), we need to step up our game to attract the best people, and social media is the way to go. Because our target psychographic is Gen Zs, Instagram will be the new leading player in emerging talent recruitment. To those who agree, what are your plans to include a social media component in your recruitment campaign? If you're interested, get in touch. The use of job boards skyrocketed with the introduction of the internet. Job boards were incredibly attractive, and naturally, people started using them more than the newspaper. Are people still advertising in the newspaper these days? I don't think Gen Zs like the use of printed materials. One of the reasons that could've swayed people to choose online job boards over the newspaper is that job boards are easy to use, and they allow you to apply to many jobs from your own home. With social media, we make it even easier. How much easier can it get than having your job opportunities on the app that your candidates are already using? Now that's what I call reaching passive candidates. They don't have to do anything, well, maybe just follow the account. People only need to follow an account to get job opportunities at the same time as they stalk their friends - it's a win-win. Instagram allows you to give candidates what no means of advertising has given them before, the opportunity to interact with an organisation before they apply for a job. Candidates don't need to wait - and hope - to get an interview to gauge whether an employer is for them or not. They can interact with an employer and go straight back into their daily stalking routine on Insta. The key is the interactive nature of these campaigns. No alt text provided for this image Despite its popularity, less than 10% of recruiters leverage this channel, which represents a huge early mover opportunity. If all of that isn't enough, you can get robust analytics from social media campaigns which makes it ideal for business. You can see ROI in as little as five days. It helps you learn about your audience and their online behaviour. We have the tools to know what our candidates like or not in a matter of days, which means you can make changes if required, halfway through a campaign. If done successfully, you can increase not only applications but conversion rates. I know this because I've done it. I don't think that Instagram will replace the job board; they have different functions. Instagram gives you a peek into organisational culture, and it focuses on employer brand and engagement - its a marketing tool. The job board allows us to articulate what the job entails and the requirements, and it is the best option for more experienced roles. They complement each other, and they work very well together. No alt text provided for this image The strategic use of technology and social media and the understanding of your target audience will strongly decrease the hazardous nature of your journey while contributing towards your success, honour, and recognition. Have you had any experience with social media recruitment? If so, I'd love to hear what you have done. Poncho Rivera-Pavon is the GM at NxtStep, the leading emerging talent platform in New Zealand. He specialises in employer branding, candidate experience, and graduate recruitment marketing.
DDD Pattern: Library Contexts Nick Tune Nick Tune Feb 15, 2020 · 7 min read Image for post Image for post The key to loose coupling is to understand how the system you are building is going to change, and minimising the cost of those changes. It’s an extremely simple premise, yet we can’t predict the future, so in practice it’s impossibly difficult. Is there any way it’s possible to predict the future so that our architecture can easily absorb the changes we need to make of it? In this article, I’m not going to sell you fortune telling but I am going to show an example of how understanding the type of domain you’re working in can greatly increase your chances of anticipating future changes and being able to accommodate them for the least amount of effort or compromise. One thing I want you to notice is that good architecture is about more than just defining good boundaries. Getting the interactions right between the components of your architecture is equally important for loose coupling and evolvability. Let’s start by thinking about the concept of a physical library and seeing how characteristics of a library are transferable to other domains, and how you can use those similarities to create a loosely coupled architecture in your domain. Library Characteristics A physical library is a repository of books. A library allows customers to borrow books by checking them out and then checking them back in. Libraries have a number of policies which govern checking in and checking out books. Customers must sign up, there is a limit on how many books they can check out, each book can only be checked out by a single person, and so on. The library also has to keep track of information about those books, such as the title, the genres, and also keeping a record of check-ins and check-outs. When a customer checks out a book from the library, it’s a command. The customer tells the librarian ‘I want this book, please check it out to me’. However polite the words are spoken, effectively it’s a command — the initiator is asking the recipient to do something specific. Imagine if events instead of commands were used. All of the following domain events involve a customer who requires a book: • Geography exam confirmed — a student needs text books to prepare for their exam • Person became interested in ancient Greece — the person wants to read a book about ancient Greece • New parent started seeking help — the parent wants a book about parenting techniques There are limitless reasons people need to borrow books from a library, and new reasons can occur at any time. But the library is not coupled to them. The library does not observe these events and automatically check books out to people. The library is highly decoupled from reasons that people need books. All the library effectively does is check books out and check them back in, and applies certain policies. Accepting commands means the library is decoupled from reasons for wanting to check out a book. A command implies that the decision lies with the initiator. If you abstract the concept of a book to any item that can be checked out and checked in, can only be checked out to a single person, and has other similar types of policy, you should consider modelling this part of your domain as a library context. In DDD a bounded context is an independent, loosely-coupled architectural component. It could be a microservice or a module within a monolith. A library context is a specific type of bounded context. If that’s confusing, just imagine a library context is a type of microservice. Library Context Definition First I’m going to start by defining the library context pattern, and then I’ll show an example architecture which includes a library context. A library context is a bounded context which keeps track of inventory. Items in the inventory can be temporarily borrowed by other bounded contexts in the system by being checked out and checked back in again. The interface for checking items in and out is a generic API shared by all clients (X-as-a-Service/Open Host). Rules and policies relating to the inventory can be applied by the library impacting the checking in and out of inventory. A library context may also store metadata about the items of inventory, and keep an audit of check-in and check-out history of each item. Image for post Image for post The essential characteristics of a library context Library Context Example: Car Leasing Consider an example car leasing business which allows customers to temporarily lease cars for between 1 and 28 days. The architecture of the software could be sliced up into a Leasing context and a Car Pool context. Car Pool keeps track and governs the availability of all cars. It knows if they are available or checked out. Leasing is responsible for managing the leasing process and keeping a historial record of all leases. Car Pool and Leasing are different bounded contexts, owned by different teams with different stakeholders driving their backlogs. These two contexts could be integrated via domain events. When a customer attempts to lease a car, Leasing would publish a domain event of type Lease Requested and Car Pool would handle the event and respond with a Car Checked Out. The car would be checked out to Leasing and it would confirm to the customer that their lease is now active and they can come to collect the car. Image for post Image for post Integrating Car Pool and Leasing via domain events If the check-out was unsuccessful, a No Matching Car Available event would be published by Car Pool instead. The choice to use events could turn out to be problematic. Another context in the system, Servicing, also needs to remove cars from the pool so that periodic and unscheduled maintenance can be carried out. It raises an event, Servicing Required, which Car Pool also handles and responds with a Car Checked Out event. Over time, more reasons for checking out cars are required by other contexts. The Valeting context needs to check out cars so they can be cleaned. The Marketing context needs to check out cars to be used for promotional purposes and the list of reasons continues to grow. Image for post Image for post Integrating with domain events overly couples Car Pool to many business process steps For each of the business reasons to check out a car, Car Pool must know about and handle the event, and deal with the complexities of versioning. This is a high level of coupling between the contexts and the teams that own them. The team can become a bottleneck for many other teams, and this design choice can be the result of elevated organisational politics. Another problematic aspect of this architecture is the inability to potentially replace Car Pool with a SaaS solution if one existed because it is tightly coupled to the company’s business processes and many other bounded contexts. A simple heuristic you can use is: “Could this be purchased as an off-the-shelf or SaaS product at some point in the future?”. If the answer is yes, it should probably not be coupled to your specific business process steps. To remove the coupling, Car Pool could become a library context by refusing to know anything about domain events from other bounded contexts. Instead, it could simply offer a library-like API with the ability to check-out or check-in inventory items using commands (which are uniform for all existing and future consumers of the service). Image for post Image for post Decoupling Car Pool by receiving standard commands and not bespoke events Commands put the responsibility onto the consumer to decide to check-out and check-in inventory items. Car Pool does not need to know why, it just needs to decide if the item is available to be checked in and out. It is no longer tightly coupled to the other contexts and has little reason for co-change and with them. Note: A library context may confirm the check-out either with a synchronous response to the command or an asynchronous message after some additional processing has occurred. Either definition matches the intended semantics. To Library Context or Not to Library Context? What kind of domain are you working in? Have you used a library context? Do you see the need for a library context? Or do you feel quite strongly the opposite, that preferring an event-based orchestration approach is superior for checking inventory in and out? If you have opinions or experiences, your comments on this article are more than welcome or you can contact me directly. If you like the content in this article, and want to learn more about using Domain-Driven Design to create a loosely-coupled architecture and organisational structure, keep an eye out for my upcoming public workshops, or contact me for private consulting and training opportunities. Technology Strategy Ideas and Insights Domain-Driven Design, Organisation Design, Continuous… Get the Medium app
What Is A Monsoon Background Essay A monsoon is customarily defined as a seasonal reversing wind associated with seasonal changes in precipitation, but is currently used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric blood circulation and precipitation. The major monsoon systems of the world consist of the West African and Asia-Australian monsoons. The addition of the North and South North american monsoons with incomplete breeze reversal may be debated. The term was first found in English in Uk India (now India, Bangladesh and Pakistan) and neighboring countries to make reference to the top seasonal winds blowing from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea in the southwest having heavy rainfall to the area. In hydrology, monsoon rainfall is considered to be that which occurs in any region that will get the majority of its rain during a particular season. This allows other parts of the planet to meet the criteria as monsoon parts. The monsoon is a seasonal wind flow. In the summer it blows northwards over India and Bangladesh bringing damp weather. In the wintertime it blows southwards over these countries towards northern Australia. This cause dried climate in Mumbai. These winds give specific wet and dry season. When the rains come, streams overflow the land and fish spawn in the rice fields. People set aside their ploughs and get out their sportfishing net as areas become huge lakes. In Mumbai, almost 2000mm of rain falls in the summertime but hardly any comes at any other time. Further inland, from the sea, conditions are higher and there is less rainfall. The north-west is a particularly arid region. The relationship between the advancement of the Asian summer months monsoon and equatorial sea-surface-temperature anomalies has been analyzed using results from integration with the united kingdom Colleges' Global Atmospheric Modelling Program (UGAMP) General Blood flow Model (UGCM). The integration was performed within the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project and thus used the noticed sea surface temperature for the ten years January 1979 to December 1988. The mean advancement of the Asian summer season monsoon has been efficiently simulated in conditions of many aspects of the rapid changeover of the large-scale blood circulation through the boreal spring and summer time. However, the results for specific years showed considerable interannual variability, both in the strength of the monsoon and in the time of onset. A romantic relationship has been determined between the advancement of the monsoon move and the phase of the El Ni±o Southern Oscillation. In agreement with noticed results, years with warm SST anomalies in the equatorial central and east Pacific Sea El Ni±o have a weaker monsoon circulation and a delayed onset. An complete opposite behavior is observed for those years with cold Pacific SST anomalies La Ni±a. Diagnostics from analyses from the Country wide Meteorological Middle and the Western european Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts, and from data on the outgoing long-wave rays noticed by the Advanced Very High Quality Radiometer, have been used to check the model results. A description of the system by which the stage of ENSO remotely affects the dynamics of the Asian summer months monsoon has been developed involving changes in the warming patterns over Indonesia and the west Pacific in the preceding spring. Etymology and definition The British monsoon came from Portuguese monЈo, ultimately from Arabic mawsim "season", "perhaps partly via early on modern Dutch monsun". The Arabic-origin word mausam is also the term for "weather" in Hindi, Urdu, and many other North Indian dialects. The definition includes major breeze system that changes route seasonally. Most summer monsoons have a dominating westerly part and a solid trend to ascend and produce copious amounts of rain. The level and length, however, aren't uniform from year to 12 months. Winter monsoons, by contrast, have a dominant easterly aspect and a strong tendency to diverge, subside and cause drought. What triggers monsoon? The standard justification of monsoons is that they are a wind flow system motivated by thermal convection and stresses on the seasonal cycle. During the summer, the sun is high over land public of Asia and gets hotter the atmosphere on the plateaus. The warm air goes up, low-pressure areas are created, and air is used from the Indian Sea to replace the growing air. As the moisture-laden air is lifted in the land by high plateaus and mountains, it drops rainfall, sometimes in torrents, on the land. Thus in warmer summer months, the sea-to-land air brings rainfall. In winter the procedure is reversed as sunlight moves southward on the water, creating regions of low pressure, toward which air is attracted from the chilling land mass. Meteorologists are actually finding, however, the ore complex than previously supposed. They developed not only from thermal convections but also require basic wind pattern and atmospheric disturbances in the form of cyclones, convections, and high and low areas. South Asian monsoon -Southwest Asian Monsoon The southwestern summer monsoons take place from June through September. The Thar Desert and adjoining regions of the north and central Indian subcontinent heats up considerably through the hot summers, which causes a low pressure area within the north and central Indian subcontinent. To fill up this void, the moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean rush into the subcontinent. These winds, rich in moisture, are drawn on the Himalayas, creating winds blowing surprise clouds for the subcontinent. The Himalayas act like a high wall, preventing the winds from transferring into Central Asia, thus forcing them to go up. While using gain in altitude of the clouds, the temperatures drops and precipitation occurs. Some regions of the subcontinent acquire up to 10, 000 mm of rainfall. The southwest monsoon is generally expected to commence around the beginning of June and diminish down by the end of September. The moisture-laden winds on achieving the southernmost point of the Indian Peninsula, due to its topology, become split into two parts: the Arabian Sea Branch and the Bay of Bengal branch. The monsoon makes up about 80% of the rainfall in India Indian agriculture is closely dependent on the rains, for growing vegetation especially like cotton, rice, oilseeds and coarse grains. A delay of a few days in the arrival of the monsoon can terribly affect the economy, as evidenced in the many droughts in India in the 1990s. The monsoon is generally welcomed and liked by city-dwellers as well, for it provides relief from the climax of summer season warmth in June. However, the health of the roads requires a battering each year. Often houses and roads are waterlogged and the slums are flooded regardless of having drainage system. This insufficient city infrastructure coupled with changing climate habits triggers' severe economical loss including damage to property and loss of lives, as evidenced in the Bombay floods of 2005. Bangladesh and certain regions of India like Assam and Western world Bengal, also frequently experience heavy floods during this season. And in the recent past, areas in India which used to get scanty rainfall throughout the year, like the Thar Desert, have remarkably ended up getting floods due to the extended monsoon season. The impact of the Southwest Monsoon is felt as significantly north as in China's Xinjiang. It is estimated that about 70% of most precipitation in the central part of the Tian Shan Mountains falls during the three summer months, when the spot is under the monsoon affect; about 70% of that is straight of "cyclonic". -Northeast Asian monsoon Around September, with sunlight fast retreating south, the northern land mass of the Indian subcontinent begins to cool-down quickly. With this air pressure begins to develop over northern India, the Indian Ocean and its surrounding atmosphere still keeps its high temperature. This causes the cold breeze to sweep down from the Himalayas and Indo-Gangetic Ordinary towards the huge spans of the Indian Ocean south of the Deccan peninsula. This is known as the northeast monsoon or retreating monsoon. While traveling towards the Indian Ocean, the dry frosty wind accumulates some moisture content from the Bay of Bengal and pours it over peninsular India and parts of Sri Lanka. Cities like Madras, which get less rain from the Southwest Monsoon, receive rainwater out of this monsoon. About 50% to 60% of the rainwater received by the status of tamil nadu is from the northeast monsoon. In southern Asia, the northeastern monsoons happen from December to early on March when the surface high-pressure system is strongest. The jet stream in this area splits into the southern subtropical aircraft and the polar jet. The subtropical stream directs northeasterly winds to blow across southern Asia, creating dry out air streams which produce clear skies over India. In the mean time, a minimal pressure system evolves over South-East Asia and Australasia and winds are aimed toward Australia known as a monsoon trough. -East Asian Monsoon The East Asian monsoon impacts large parts of Indo-China, Philippines, China, Korea and Japan. It really is characterized by a warm, rainy summer season monsoon and a cool, dry winter monsoon. The rainwater occurs in a concentrated belt that stretches east-west except in East China where it is tilted east-northeast over Korea and Japan. The seasonal rain is known as Meiyu in China, Changma in Korea, and Bai-u in Japan, with the second option two resembling frontal rainfall. The starting point of the summertime monsoon is proclaimed by an interval of preonsoonal rainfall over south china and Taiwan in early may. From May through August, the summertime monsoon shifts through a series of dried and rainy stages as the rain belt movements northward, beginning over Indo-china and the South China Sea (May), to the Yangtze River Basin and Japan (June) and finally to North China and Korea (July). Once the monsoon leads to August, the rain belt moves back again to southern china. Monsoon in Africa In winter, the breeze indeed blows from the cool continent to the warm ocean. Following the Sunshine apparent movement in the course of the year, the continent warms faster than the ocean. This thermal contrast drives the top pressure contrast between your ocean (ruthless) and the continent (low pressure) and the create of the monsoon blood circulation. Similarly to a huge sea-breeze, at the beginning of the summertime, the blowing wind changes and eventually blows from the ocean to the continent. The Western world African Monsoon differs in many aspects from the Asian Monsoon. Over Western world Africa, the top scale composition is very symmetric in the zonal way while above the Indian subcontinent the stream is more complex. Another important difference, among many, is based on the actual fact the Indian monsoon seems more resilient that the African one in terms of rainfall. In the 20th hundred years, India never experienced more than two consecutive many years of droughts while the Sahelian region suffered from a long long-term drought for the last twenty years. Also known as the Indo-Australian Monsoon. The rainy season occurs from Sept to February which is a major way to obtain energy for the Hadley blood circulation during boreal winter. The Maritime Continent Monsoon and the Australian Monsoon may be considered to be the same system, the Indo-Australian Monsoon. It is from the development of the Siberian High and the motion of the heating up maxima from the North Hemisphere to the Southern Hemisphere. North- easterly winds stream down Southeast Asia, are flipped north-westerly by Borneo topography towards Australia. This forms a cyclonic blood flow vortex over Borneo, which as well as descending frosty surges of winter air from higher latitudes, cause significant weather phenomena in the region. Examples will be the formation of your uncommon low-latitude tropical surprise in 2001, Tropical Storm Vamei, and the devasting flood of Jakarta in 2007. The onset of the monsoon in the Maritime Continent tends to follow the heating maxima down Vietnam and the Malay Peninsula (September), to Sumatra, Borneo and the Philippines (October), to Java, Sulawesi (November), Irian Jaya and Northern Australia (Dec, January). However, the monsoon is not a simple response to heating but a far more complex relationship topography, blowing wind and sea, as exhibited by its abrupt rather than progressive withdrawal from the region. The Australian monsoon or rainy times occurs in the austral summer time when the monsoon through develops over North Australia. Over quarters of total annual rainfall in North Australia fall during this time. Also We Can Offer! Other services that we offer How to ...
From time to time I'll see things talking about how thanks to all of our radio communications, we're effectively broadcasting our existence to the entire universe. However, when I did some back-of-the-envelope calculations a while ago I found something interesting - by the time a radio station's broadcast reaches Alpha Centauri (the solar system closest to ours), ignoring any effects of our atmosphere, a 1 m^2 receiver would, on average, receive a single photon every seven hours. Of course that is only a single radio station, but throwing more radio stations into the mix would just make the signal less coherent and indistinguishable from random noise. When you consider the sun as well, it seems like all of the Earth's radio signals would be a drop in the bucket. How much noise would the Earth have to broadcast in order to change that? For this question, the goal is for the noise broadcast from Earth to still be noticeable by the time it reaches a distance of 500 light years (that only covers about 0.01% of the galaxy). You can assume that alien civilizations are looking for signals of intelligent life, but not that they are focused on our solar system. • $\begingroup$ I wish I could set a bounty right now. $\endgroup$ – The Square-Cube Law Sep 6 '18 at 17:42 • $\begingroup$ I've seen a documentary that claimed that all our radio signals get scrambled at the edge of the solar system because of "magnetic bubbles" in the Heliosheath. Unfortunately the documentary wasn't in english and I cannot find it on Youtube. $\endgroup$ – Elmy Sep 6 '18 at 17:51 • $\begingroup$ @YElm if that's the case, then the noise level might just have to be enough for it to be obvious that something is producing radio signals other than the sun. $\endgroup$ – Rob Watts Sep 6 '18 at 17:53 • 3 $\begingroup$ This might actually be a better fit on Physics. $\endgroup$ – user39548 Sep 6 '18 at 17:55 • 1 $\begingroup$ @Richard suggests that "There is no doubt that the earth's electromagnetic output is 'visible' to our nearest neighbours even if it's massively attenuated.] In this article from the Seti Institute we learn that a general broadcast signal of 0.75 Janskys from HD 164595 (94 ly away) would need to be 10^20 watts, and if directed at us would need to be a trillion watts. Both being "far beyond what we ourselves could do." $\endgroup$ – JBH Sep 6 '18 at 19:21 First off, this question is just the inverse of this question. So, apologizes to MichaelKjorling, I'm going to crib his answer to get some results. • In order to be noticeable at 500 light years, we need to be able to detect us at that distance. What is the attenuation over 500 light years? Free space path loss in decibels (dB) is given by $$20\log_{10}\frac{4\pi d}{\lambda}$$ where $d$ is the distance between antenna and $\lambda$ is the wavelength of the frequency in question. In the US, the highest energy general transmission (as far as I can tell) are UHF stations in the 512-608 MHz range. This may be an important thing to revisit; emission into space is determined heavily by directional broadcasting characteristics. But we'll just use this assumption for now and say that the wavelength is 0.5 meters. Meanwhile, 500 light years is $4.7\times10^{18}$ meters. Plugging into the equation above, free space path loss is 401 decibels. That is a lot! This means power is $10^{40}$ lower at the receiver than at the emitter. What is the most sensitive receiver that we have? First, since radio transmission terminology is not generally well known, a brief discussion. In order to receive a signal, you need to be able to pick it out of background noise. That background noise includes both background noises from deep space, and interference from local signals. For example, if our UHF transmissions at 550 MHz happen to line up with the most common radio frequency on a distant planet looking for us, in-atmosphere recievers are going to have a tough time finding us. The unit of measure for the signal here is dBm, or decibel-milliwatts. If $P$ is the power of a signal in milliwatts, then the signal strength is $$10\log_{10}(P).$$ Thus, a 1 W signal is 1000 mW or 30 dBm. The gain of an antenna is measured in terms of dBi. This measure uses the same log scale that the signal strength does, so we can simply add the measures to together to calculate total signal strength. The rating of a receiver is the smallest signal that it can pull out of the noise background. Following MichaelKjorling's answer, assume that an alien civilization specifically searching for us can detect the signal at -200 dBm. In addition, assume a 80 dBi antenna gain from a dish like Arecibo. How much noise do we have to put out? Free space path loss is -400 dB; antenna gain at a foreign civilization is 80 dB and the signal detection threshold is -200 dB. Therefore, signal emission strength must be 120 dBm at the source to make it detectable. This is equivalent to $10^{12}$ mW or 1 GW of emission power. The Earth is almost certainly not gong to reach this power level. WBCT is the most powerful FM radio station in the US, with effective radiated power of 320kW, or about 85 dB. But this dish is not pointed into space, and so its emissions are further attenuated by the atmosphere before reaching into deep space. There is really no reason to increase the power of such a dish, becase it already has plenty of power to reach the horizon. Any direct signal's line of sight is limited by the horizon; once past the horizon the signal no longer reaches the surface and coverage moves up into the atmosphere, where it isn't really useful. Furthermore, if you start increasing the emission power of lots of different radio communications methods, then they will start interfering with each other. A 120 dB signal emerging from the earth's atmosphere will bounce of the moon and back to Earth at a much higher power than it will reach 500 light years away. So, all in all, the Earth is unlikely to ever emit enough noise to reach a planet 500 ly away. Now, a directed signal is another story... • $\begingroup$ The Russian long wave Taldom transmitter radiates 2.5 MW at 261 kHz. Just saying. And some military radars emit tightly collimated microwave impulses in the megawatt range. But on the whole you are right, we don't emit the kind of power which would be noticeable from far away; especially if we consider that there is a very close very noisy very large nuclear fusion reactor... $\endgroup$ – AlexP Sep 6 '18 at 19:59 • $\begingroup$ @AlexP That is at 261 kHz; I was calculating in the 500 MHz range. Still, even MW emitters won't come close to putting out GW of noise. $\endgroup$ – kingledion Sep 6 '18 at 20:02 • $\begingroup$ Obligatory YouTube video $\endgroup$ – JBH Sep 6 '18 at 20:18 • $\begingroup$ Please do note that both antenna gain and path loss are dependent on frequency (actually wavelength). Importantly in this case, antenna gain drops as wavelength goes up (or frequency goes down). An antenna that provides 80 dBi gain at 3 GHz will have a much lower gain at 550 MHz. $\endgroup$ – user Sep 10 '18 at 9:52 Your Answer
Top Answer User Avatar Wiki User Answered 2010-05-07 09:01:40 1,267,000 Canadians served in World War 2 and 37,000 died in that war. (Approx 43,000 died according to both Canadian Encyclopedia and Canadian Veterans Affairs) User Avatar Your Answer Related Questions Canadians and Canadiennes More than 27,000 Canadians fought in the Korean War, and 516 Canadians lost their lives. All together 26,791 Canadians served in the Korean War, with 1,558 casualties. 516 Canadian's are listed in the Korea Book of Remembrance for their sacrifice. A complete history of Canadian Forces in the Korean War can be found at the link below. he inspired them with his music and not only canadians, the whole world enjoys his music! they went on with their lives because it would be a war crime to kill them 23% have never recycled in there lives As a Canuck, I am very proud to tell you that per capita more Canadians smoke marijuana than any other country in the world. More even than the Netherlands. In fact, over 80% of adult Canadians report that they have smoked marijuana at some point in their lives. He didn't. It would be a huge stretch to say a hockey player (albeit an excellent one) changed the lives of Canadians. He thrilled and entertained hockey fans, that's about it. In no way did he change our lives. no one lives in QUBEC....EH. Some are to habitat in QUeBEC. iglooo people um... eskimos... alot of people seem to think that canadians live in igloos... The actress Miriam McDonald lives in downtown Toronto. Gotta love Canadians, eh! they made uss look like idiots on dance dance revolution lol ;) The Canadian Royal forces served with the His Majesty's royal forces. They lost many lives. After World War 1 the Canadians did not want to fight in Europe just as the Americans did not so the Parliament conscripted the Canadian men into fighting in World War 2. On the home front the Canadians went through the same things the Americans did with rationing, war manufacturing and they even put Japanese into internment camps. The Canadian men did well in the European and Pacific Theaters. Attached are links telling the story of the valiant Royal Canadian Armed Forces. Salutes to their heroes and the ones who died in both wars.ANS 2 - There were many thousands of Canadian volunteers in World War 2 During World War 1 (1914-1918) over 420,000 Australians served in various services and arenas; out of that approximately 60,000 lost their lives (14%) and 137,000 were wounded (32% of the total who served). Australian (as well as New Zealand) troops served with distinction in many famous battles during this time. Servicemen and women who served and lost their lives during the "Great War" are still honored in Australia and New Zealand on ANZAC day, which is commemorated on the 25th of April each year. See links below: Just over 7.5 million people (Less than 25% of Canadians) live in Quebec. By contrast over 12 million people, or almost 1/3 of all Canadians, live in Ontario. Approximately 90% of Canada's Francophone population lives in Quebec. Just over 7.5 million people (Less than 25% of Canadians) live in Quebec. By contrast over 12 million people, or almost 1/3 of all Canadians, live in Ontario.Approximately 90% of Canada's Francophone population lives in Quebec. A warrant lives until it's served or quashed by the issuing authority. all of the people who have served and lost their lives battling for this country. Dialga lives in the time world, and Palkia lives in the space world, just like how Girantina lives in the distortion world. Yes you can have him served in another state, you may have to ask your local attorney if it is served under his states laws or your own. Great question tho. CanadiansThe population is about:84% Inuit15% Non-Aboriginal (mostly British or French ancestry)1% Indian and Metis Yes. Arthur Currie got Canada recognised on the international stage for his excellent planning in WW1. She was influenced by the lives of the saints, especially that of Saint Francis of Assisi.
What is corrosion? Heat exchanger Corrosion cell The above figure shows a typical corrosion cell for iron and its chemical reactions. Corrosion is a natural process that is thermodynamically preferable for the metal concerned as it attempts to return from a high energy state (manufactured metals required a large amount of energy create them) to a low energy natural state i.e. the metal ore from which it came. Consequently corrosion can never be prevented completely, it can only be reduced and it is the aim of water treatment chemicals to reduce this corrosion so increasing the life expectancy of the metal and in some cases minimising biological contamination. Corrosion can have many consequences such as reduced equipment life, reduced heat transfer efficiency , an increase in life threatening bacteria such as Legionella or even catastrophic failure of the equipment. As a result it is important to minimise the corrosion and this can be achieved in several ways, for example adding chemical corrosion inhibitors. Water is a balance between corrosion and hardness precipitation and the tendency towards scaling can be calculated, as described by Langelier, Ryznar or Puckorius indices. A corrosion cell has two parts, an anode and a cathode and the choice of corrosion inhibitors is based on which part of the above reaction you wish to minimise. If two dissimilar metals are in contact through an electrolyte (water), the more anodic one undergoes corrosion. For example if aluminium and copper are in contact, aluminium undergoes corrosion. Some examples of anodic inorganic inhibitors are nitrates, molybdates, sodium chromates, phosphates, hydroxides and silicates act by reducing the anodic reaction, i.e. blocks the anode reaction and supports the natural reaction of passivation metal surface, also, due to the forming film adsorbed on the metal. Inorganic cathodic inhibitors are the ions of the zinc that react with the hydroxyl (OH ) of the water forming the insoluble hydroxides as Zn(OH) which are deposited on the cathodic site of the metal surface, protecting it. pH control is also key as metals can be affected by the wrong pH, whether that is acidic, alkali, or affected by both extremes (amphoteric) It is the aim of a water treatment supplier to continually analyse the water to ensure that the correct corrosion inhibitors are chosen and are providing good corrosion control. Collaton Consultancy Limited are highly experienced in water treatment so can help you manage your water treatment company ensuring they are providing the level of control you require on site. We have also provided Expert Witness services in cases where corrosion has led to catastrophic problems on site requiring an Expert to comment on causes and prevention methods.
Democratic Reform: Long-Term Answer To Ethnic Strife THE Kazakh government eliminates Russian as one of the official languages of Kazakhstan. At the same time, the parliaments of the four Turkic republics announce they are coming together under one flag. As a response, the Russians, who form the majority in the northern provinces of Kazakhstan, vote for secession from the country in a referendum. Their decision is not recognized by the Alma-Ata government, and the Kazakh army is sent to the northern provinces to quell the disturbances there. The next day, Russia announces it is sending military forces as well to defend its fellow Russians. This scenario might sound far-fetched to many in the United States, but to people here and elsewhere in the Central Asian republics, it sounds plausible; it is what two professors at the Alma-Ata University say will happen if Kazakhstan tries to unite with the other Turkic republics. The only reason the Kazakh government has not eliminated Russian as an official language, they say, is its fear of secession by the northern provinces. "If we do it now, we'd lose the north in one day," says Makash Tatimov, professor of sociology. "We don't have enough forces to protect them now. But when we are more powerful, we'll do all this." As the western world focused its attention on the ethnic violence in Bosnia, similar tensions rising in other parts of the world have gone unnoticed. And as Americans, turned inward to domestic issues during an election campaign that seemed to last forever, these ethnic bombs ready to explode any moment have piled up at our doorstep. The Clinton administration needs to defuse them. Although Central Asia is not the only "ethnic bomb" that calls for US leadership, it provides a good example of tensions building in many regions around the world. The rising Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Tajik, or Turkmen nationalism is, first of all, a backlash against years of cultural domination and oppression of one group of people by another group. The central government in Moscow not only exploited the region economically for the last 70 years; it also tried to extinguish the local cultures. The native languages of the people were pushed aside in favor of Russian in every aspect of life, from education and government offices to literature. Russians were moved to th e region and placed in key positions of local governments. As in many other parts of the world, religion has also become a dividing factor when manipulated by inside and outside forces who benefit from such divisions. Islam has been growing among the people of Central Asia as they try to reclaim their religious traditions following 70 years of forced atheism. The Muslim/non-Muslim divide widens as religion is put forward as a reason to hate and separate. The tragic economic situation in the former Soviet Union is another factor in the rising tensions. As resources get scarcer, people fight harder for them. And it becomes easier to blame others, especially if they are perceived as "different," for the problems. What can the US do? It is more difficult to solve ethnic conflicts once they have degenerated into wars. Bosnia is the best example. Many people would like to see the bloodshed end, but few can answer "how?" It is definitely more beneficial to defuse the bomb before it explodes than to try to clean up the debris afterwards. The US cleaned up the debris in Kuwait, but some of it is still left in Baghdad. And wouldn't it have been better if we could have solved the conflict between the two countries before one invaded the oth er? At least hundreds of thousands would not have died. The United States needs to take a leadership role promoting cooperation between nations living together in one state or in neighboring states. It needs to emphasize integration instead of separation in the upcoming century. While paying close attention to ethnic minority rights all around the world, it also needs to discourage secession as a simple method of self-determination. Secessionist tendencies spur ethnic oppression, which fuels secessionist tendencies. Both need to be discouraged. Democratic regimes are the best guarantees that the voices of minorities will be heard and that every group will feel included. The US should encourage democracy and support democratic governments around the world and isolate nondemocratic ones. This must be done across the board, not selectively. In the past, the Reagan and Bush administrations gave support to too many nondemocratic regimes. The successful global coalition that the United States built against Iraqi aggression two years ago suggests that the US can build a world coalition that will state its intolerance of aggression. The new administration, while focusing on domestic economic problems, should not forget the global economy. The US can provide leadership to the fledgling economies of the former Soviet Union and fix its own economy at the same time. The West needs to extend a hand to these countries despite the recessionary problems it is going through. of stories this month > Get unlimited stories You've read of free articles. Subscribe to continue. Unlimited digital access $11/month. Get unlimited Monitor journalism.
"Israel (Jacob) descended to Egypt, resided there in small numbers, and became a great nation—great and powerful and numerous." "They persecuted us... They imposed hard labor on us." How does a minority preserve its identity? What of our identities are shaped by our hardships? haggadah Section: -- Exodus Story Source: A Different Night Haggadah
Skip to main content China and the Great War Guoqi Xu List Price: 100.99* * Individual store prices may vary. Other Editions of This Title: Paperback (9/22/2011) China's role in the First World War has been a curiously neglected topic. This 2005 book is a full-length study of China's involvement in the conflict from perspectives of international history, using largely unknown archival materials from China, France, Germany, UK, and USA. It explains why China wanted to join the war and what were its contributions to the war effort and the emerging world order in the postwar period. The book also demonstrates that China's participation in the First World War was not only a defining moment in modern Chinese and world history, but also the beginning of China's long journey toward internationalization. In this provocative book, Professor Xu adds a new dimension to our collective memory of the war, its tragedy and its significance, and restores the China war memory into its rightful place. Cambridge University Press, 9780521842129, 316pp. Publication Date: February 24, 2005
CBT Snapshot: Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy for ADHD \| MGH Clay Center for Young Healthy Minds CBT Snapshot: Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy for ADHD Psychologist talking to boy on a couch Posted in: Grade School, Parenting Concerns Topics: Learning + Attention Issues Matt was a 10-year-old boy who, according to his mom, had been “hyper since he was born!” Matt was diagnosed with ADHD at age five, and while medication had improved his symptoms somewhat, he still experienced discipline problems at home and at school, struggled to complete his schoolwork, and had difficulty making and maintaining friends. His symptoms were classic in that he had difficulty concentrating, struggled to complete long or complex tasks, couldn’t easily move from one task to another, had trouble following through on directions, and was always the “slowest one done” when asked to complete assigned work. As an aide to medication, Matt completed a course of CBT treatment. His therapy included: • Learning skills and steps that could guide him when completing a task or when in the midst of a complex social situation. For example, Matt was taught to “take a breath” or “step back” before reacting. He was also taught to consider alternative reactions to situations – rather than getting angry because he couldn’t complete tasks, Matt learned how to “use words” to convey his frustration, which made him less likely to act in inappropriate, aggressive ways. • Learning calming techniques that helped him reduce her anger and frustration. One of these techniques included taking a break in the corner of the classroom, while another allowed him to ask permission to take a walk to the front office so that he could “cool off” when he felt his behavior escalating. • Helping his parents and teachers learn ways of giving him feedback that rewarded his positive behaviors and corrected inappropriate behaviors. • Study skills training and organizational help, such as learning how to take better notes and keep a calendar. Matt’s behavior improved considerably, but when he started high school he came back to therapy. At this time, the therapist became less of a “teacher” and more of a “collaborator,” emphasizing mutual problem-solving skills. Matt also learned how best to advocate for himself with his teachers and learned additional organizational strategies that helped him better manage the multiple tasks required of a high school student. Share on Social Media Was this post helpful? Ellen Braaten Ellen Braaten, Contributor
Israel and Anti-Semitism The idea that extreme criticism of Israel is anti-Semitic is controversial. The Historical Roots of Anti-Semitism Two millennia of European anti-Semitism can be traced to early Christian beliefs about Jewish culpability in the murder of Jesus. Where the Word ‘Anti-Semitism’ Comes From Hatred of Jews has been around for centuries, but only in the 1800s did it begin to be referred to as 'anti-Semitism.' Anti-Semitism in the Muslim World Jews and Muslims have enjoyed positive relations throughout history, but various historical and political developments have led to an entrenchment of anti-Semitic views. Anti-Semitism in America Anti-Semitism 101 What you need to know about the world's oldest hatred. What Is BDS? Jewish Ghettos of Pre-Emancipation Europe Nazi Propaganda in the Holocaust The Swastika’s Origins
What is the disadvantages of structured programming language? Your code will be more readable by others.If you don’t want that, then this is nothing for you! 🙂 If you want to have disadvantages then you have to compare them somewhere.If you think of object-oriented languages then you are wrong because OO is structured. But I will come back to that. The first higher programming language was Plankalkül and it did not do much special.And from the outset had these statements, iterations and conditions. And that is the basis for programming. The rest is all structure and many people do not realise it but with programming you are mainly working with structures. Programming is in a car step and drive though.But to make that possible you need a complete road network where you can go all the way. And that road network is the structure of programming. You explain all sorts of jobs, splits and roundabouts where the code eventually runs through. But what is structured programming eventually?This is mainly the focus on the three basic principles that are mentioned on Wikipedia sequence, selection and iteration. The code was written in advance in a flowchart and not much later was replaced By a Nassi-Shneiderman diagram.The latter appears to enforce even clearer structure in the code. This is the structured export of code. In short, you do not have to drive over the grass or through a house to reach your goal. An important problem with this was in former times the GOTO command, in which you can sprint in your code from one place to another.A teleporter in your car, so. This command makes the code hugely opaque if you use it a lot. But what is OO really?I wanted to come back to that. Because as I said, programming is just a matter of sequences, selections and iterations within a structure. The only thing OO does is to apply an even more complex structure that ultimately makes the code even more readable. This is because blocks of code are now logically linked together and you can use your objects as a type of black box. What happens is not interesting but there are a number of connection points that make it possible to use this box. So OO is actually more-more structured programming.And this is especially necessary for large projects with lots of parts. If you create a village then you need little structure.A long way with some driveways for every home and you’re done. But for a city you need several roundabouts, traffic lights, intersections, bridges, tunnels and other objects to build a good road network. Similarly for programming.If you want to put together a short program quickly, ANSI C is the most appropriate language.Just nicely straight-forward and ready. But if your program is already a bit more complex, using objects is already a lot more convenient and, for example, you move to C++ or C#.In fact, you only choose the programming language after analyzing the issue you want to solve. First look at what you want to make, then choose which language you can deliver the best solution. Is there no disadvantage to structured programming?Well, because structure is always a part of programming, you always have to deal with it. But the complexity of the structure can affect it. If I need to create a program that calculates the highest value from a series of digits, the least structured language is already good enough. That could be in the old BASIC with those line numbers for each sequence and all GOTO commands. The structure is worthless, but it is present. If I try to solve this in C#, I am trying to choose all sorts of objects to be able to read the data and walk through and all sorts of other bells and whistles. Luckily, C# already has a standard library with a huge lot of predefined functionality so that I can give the answer with 1 LINQ statement. Only a lot of it comes to mind… In contrast, if you want to make a website like Quora, BASIC is not really a good choice, because you write a lot of code and this will not be readable over time.You have to actually bring parts of your code to a more abstract layer and that’s what OO actually does. You then work with black boxes that you link to each other. And several black boxes can be put together in a bigger black box and then you only have 1 box to work with. Structured programming is basically dividing code into logical blocks so you can program each block separately.And whether these are procedures or objects does not matter. Leave a Reply
How Long Does Methylphenidate Stay in Your System? Methylphenidate is a generic prescription drug, also sold under the brand names Ritalin and Concerta. Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant and was first licensed by the FDA in 1955. At the time, it was used to treat what was called hyperactivity – which is now referred to as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Over the decades, it’s been increasingly prescribed. Methylphenidate increases the activity of the central nervous system and it’s approved for adults and children aged six years and older. Ideally, the use of methylphenidate is part of a more comprehensive treatment program, including non-medical ADHD therapies and interventions. For example, it’s recommended that methylphenidate is prescribed with cognitive behavioral therapy for the best outcome. Methylphenidate works by affecting brain neurotransmitters that control dopamine and norepinephrine. For people who have ADHD, the drug helps them with focus, concentration and impulse control. Methylphenidate is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the U.S. by the DEA. A Schedule II controlled substance is one that has medical uses but is also believed to have a serious risk of severe physical and psychological dependence. It’s illegal to possess or use a Schedule II drug without a prescription. Despite this restriction, methylphenidate and other prescription stimulant ADHD medications are widely available, frequently abused and often sold on the streets. Prescription stimulants include not only methylphenidate, but others as well. This drug class is mainly used to treat ADHD. Prescription stimulants increase energy, attention and alertness. Since these drugs affect certain neurotransmitters like dopamine, they can have euphoric effects when they are taken in high doses. Stimulants can be abused by crushing up tablets and snorting them or dissolving the medications in a liquid so that they can be injected. Commonly abused stimulants include dextroamphetamine, which is in brand-name drugs like Dexedrine and dextroamphetamine/amphetamine combinations like Adderall. Methylphenidate is a stimulant drug that speeds up certain functions and processes of the central nervous system. Methylphenidate affects neurotransmitter activity in the brain. The neurotransmitters affected by methylphenidate control things like movement, attention span and pleasure. Methylphenidate can block the reabsorption of certain neurotransmitters and, in people with ADHD, the effects include more self-control over actions, less fidgeting and better concentration. Certain side effects may occur, especially if the drug is abused. Severe methylphenidate effects can include shakiness, mood changes, confusion, hallucinations and seizures. Methylphenidate can cause circulatory problems and it can raise blood pressure, the heart rate and body temperature. Digestive system effects of methylphenidate can include stomachaches, nausea and vomiting. When methylphenidate is used orally, the peak of its action is around 2 to 4 hours for the immediate-release version of the drug. With sustained-release versions, such as Ritalin SR, it usually works for anywhere from 3 to 8 hours after it’s taken and it goes up to 8 to 12 hours for extended-release versions like Concerta. The half-life of methylphenidate is anywhere from 2 to 3 hours, on average. This is considered to be a relatively short half-life and estimates of specific brand name versions of methylphenidate indicate average half-lives of 1 to 4 hours. The half-life of methylphenidate in children averages around 2.5 hours, and the range is anywhere from 1 to 5 hours. Certain factors can play a role in how long methylphenidate stays in your system. This is the case with any substance. Body mass and weight and important, for example. A larger, heavier person will eliminate drugs more quickly than a smaller person, in most cases. Younger, healthier individuals tend to excrete drugs more quickly than older people, people with kidney function issues, or people with underlying health issues. How fast someone’s metabolism is can also impact how long methylphenidate stays in their system, as can their level of physical activity and hydration level. People often wonder if methylphenidate drugs like Ritalin would show up on a drug test. They might not show up a standard 5-panel drug screen, but methylphenidate could show up on a screening panel for amphetamines. Methylphenidate tends to be metabolized pretty quickly, so it doesn’t stay in the body for very long. A urine test might show methylphenidate use for up to one to two days after someone takes it. This window could be slightly longer if someone took an extended or sustained-release version of the drug. Ritalin wouldn’t show up in a blood test for more than 24 hours, in most cases. As with most other substances, methylphenidate shows up much longer in a hair test. A person can test positive for methylphenidate in a hair test for up to 90 days. Reach out and learn about recovery and how to make it a reality for yourself or for someone you love. Our intake specialists are available now at The Recovery Village.
The Earliest Glassmakers In The World - Jul 06, 2020- The earliest glassmakers in the world were the ancient Egyptians.The appearance and use of glass in human life has been more than 4,000 years of history, from 4,000 years ago in Mesopotamia and ancient Egyptian ruins, there have been small glass beads unearthed.[3-4] In the 12th century, commercial glass appeared and began to become an industrial material.Optical glass was made in the 18th century to accommodate telescopes.Plate glass was first made in Belgium in 1874.In 1906, plate glass was made in the United States. Since then, with the industrialization and scale of glass production, various USES and various properties of glass came out one after another.In modern times, glass has become an important material in daily life, production and science and technology. More than 3,000 years ago, a European Phoenician merchant ship, laden with the crystalline mineral "natural soda," sailed the Belus River on the coast of the Mediterranean.The merchant ship ran aground because of the low tide, and the crew boarded the beach.Some of the crew also brought cauldrons, firewood, and "natural soda" as cauldrons for cooking on the beach. The crew finished their meal and the tide began to rise.They were just about to pack up and go on with their voyage when someone shouted, "Everyone, come and see. There is something bright and shining on the sand under the pot!" The crew took the shimmering objects aboard and studied them carefully.They found that the shiny objects were covered with quartz sand and melted natural soda.It turned out that the glitter, the natural soda they used to make POTS and pans for cooking, was the result of a chemical reaction by fire with the sand quartz, the first glass.The Phoenicians made a fortune by mixing quartz sand with natural soda and melting it in a special furnace to make glass balls
What’s in a name? What’s in a name? 이 기사를 공유합니다 Jeju place-name origins influenced by rich historical culture Since the first of many volcanic eruptions to create the island a million years ago, its inhabitants have given it various names including Doi, Dongyeongju, Seopra, Tammora, Takra, and Tamna. Among these names, Tamna, meaning “island nation of deep, distant sea,” was used for the longest period of time. Records show that the name Tamna was given to the island nation in 57 BCE by the Silla Kingdom. During the period of the Three Kingdoms, from 57 BCE to 668 AD, Tamna was an independent nation from the mainland with its own political system. The current title of Jeju was given to the island during the Goryeo Dynasty, sometime between 1192 and 1256. It means “village across the sea” and signified a major change in Jeju’s history. Being called a “village” meant official acknowledgement from the central government that the island was now considered part of Korean territory. As an adjunct of Goryeo and Joseon, officials from the central government were assigned to work on Jeju. Often used as a place of exile, the island was obligated to send offerings to the king every year. “Area names are created throughout history, along with human life, and evolve constantly,” said Byun Chang Doo, president of the Jeju Feng Shui Association in an interview with The Jeju Weekly. “Currently the study of origins of names on Jeju can be divided into Korean studies (linguistics) and the geographic approach and feng shui (geomantic approach),” said Professor Oh Sang Hak in the Geography Department of Jeju National University. Both experts agreed that estimating which Jeju names are pure Korean and which have Chinese-language roots is difficult. According to the professor, only certain oreum names are pronounced and written in pure Korean. Due to the lack of a Korean notation system in Korea until February, 1927, most of the region names throughout the nation were written in Chinese characters. However, as Chinese characters are logograms, they can convey complex meanings as pictographs or phonetically (or a combination of both). It can be a challenge to find the historical meaning of these names, especially those that have been lost over the centuries. Yet, there are certain names that most people can agree on like Yongduam, which is also written in Chinese characters. “Yong” (龍) stands for dragon, “du” (‘È) stands for head, and “am” (巖) stands for rock, leading to “a rock in the shape of a dragon head.” Seopjikoji is another example. “Seopji” is a word for “area containing many useful talents,” and “koji” is Jeju dialect for a Korean word “got,” which means places. Jeju dialect is not the only factor distinguishing the names of places here from those on the mainland. “Due to geographical characteristics as an island, Jeju possesses ancient characteristics that disappeared a long time ago in the mainland,” Byun emphasized. He believes that all place names in Korea were created according to a feng shui paradigm. However, Prof. Oh believes that the Mongolians played a part in shaping how we now see the island. “During the Goryeo Dynasty, Jeju was colonized by Mongolians for about a hundred years. Due to this impact, lots of Jeju dialect and region names resemble the Mongolian language,” he said. For example, following the geomantic approach, donnaeko can be interpreted as an area filled with the energy of a pig. Yet, there is another interpretation. “It is not related to hogs or pigs at all. Currently, what is called hyodoncheon used to be called donnae (‘nae’ is Korean dialect for river streams). ‘Ko’ means entrance in Jeju dialect. Hence, ‘donaeko’ means ‘entrance or upper of hyodon stream,’” Prof. Oh explained. Different understandings of the origins of Jeju’s names mainly stem from scholars’ different interpretations of Chinese characters. Both experts believe that if pure Korean names are to be found earlier and to be used more often, the problem will be gradually resolved. “Dialects are fundamental bases for regional culture. I’m worried [the] extinction of Jeju dialect may lead to [the] extinction of Jeju culture,” Prof. Oh said, adding, “Naming famous attractions on Jeju with Jeju dialect is very meaningful. It will help to revive [it]. I hope there are more places on Jeju that uses pure Jeju names like the Olle trails and seopjikoji.” <Jeju Weekly> <Angela Kim angelakim@gmail.comJeju Weekly All rights reserved> 삭제한 댓글은 다시 복구할 수 없습니다. 그래도 삭제하시겠습니까? 댓글 0 0 / 400 계정을 선택하시면 로그인·계정인증을 통해 댓글을 남기실 수 있습니다.
Python Training Python is a general-purpose, scripting programming language. It is widely using a scripting language to create dynamic and critical applications, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Web Development, System Oriented Applications, and Data Analytical applications. Python is relatively easy to learn and highly portable to different operating systems. We cover Python scripting Training from fundamental to advance level with more hands-on and real-time oriented practical sessions. This course format is 30% theoretical and 60% Hands-on practical sessions. Our trainers are working professionals with at least +7 years of experience in application development using Python language. The students effectively get in-depth knowledge from our experts. Using this course, you learn fundamentals of a python script, functions, packages and modules, exception handling, file operation, threads, connectivity with external systems, and advanced concepts. This course is used as a starting point to learn advanced techniques like Machine Learning, Deep Learning, etc. Machine Learning With Python Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. It is a field of artificial intelligence that uses statistical techniques. Python is a prepared language for ML because it has many custom and specific libraries for machine learning. It is flexible and easy syntax. Data Science with Python Data science is an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods, algorithms, and processes to extract knowledge and insights from data in various forms, both structured and unstructured. Python has a dedicated data analysis library and tools for statistical analysis. There are many community modules. System Application with Python Python scripting language supports many modern tools and operating systems as the default scripting language for dynamic execution and data processing. Currently, Python is the prepared language for Web and Internet-based applications, Desktop GUI, education, Scientific and Numeric application. Course Objectives • Understand the concepts of Python Programming • Understand the concepts of Object-oriented programming • Understand of Python Scripts on UNIX/Windows environments • Understand the functions and expressions of Python • Python SQLite, functions and operations • Learn about Python File Handling • Learn about Exception Handling This course is for fresher, job seekers and experienced professionals who want to learn the scripting language for advance technology and Data Science. Related Courses Latest Blog 3 IT Training presents you the most popular recent Blogs which are recommended to study by our experts.
Being Kind Does Not Cost a Penny Being kind is not always easy, but it is never put under repute, as is anger and fear and hostility. Kindness is contagious. For starters, here is an idea list for Acts of Kindness The teacher went to the board at the front of the room and wrote the question, “What does it mean to be kind?” The assignment then given by the teacher was for each student to write a short essay on the question. As the students began to think and then write, I noticed one little girl continued to think, and she seemed to be running out of time to write. I also noticed the expression on her face was anything but pleasant. Finally that same little girl raised her hand, still having written nothing. The teacher acknowledged her raised hand, anticipating that perhaps the little girl wanted to be excused to use the rest room. Maybe she wasn’t feeling well. But instead, the little girl asked, “What does kind mean?” Taken aback a bit by the innocence of the question, the teacher replied, “Well, to be kind is to help someone, often without being asked to help, to meet a need, to offer some kind of hope when there is none.” I could tell that even in the answer that the teacher had offered, she wasn’t sure her comments were really sufficient to answering the question. The little girl retorted with, “I don’t understand.” The teacher replied: “Do you mean, you don’t understand the question, or you don’t understand my answer.” I wasn’t certain whether her attempt was to be either sarcastic or disrespectful, but as I watched the little girl, I began to realize she really was asking a sincere question, and responding honestly. “Both!” the little girl answered loudly. The girl was so insistent that she didn’t understand the word “kind” that she never did write anything on her paper while I was there. And a discussion with the teacher later reassured me that the little girl really didn’t understand what the word “kind” meant, especially in a pragmatic sense. Could it be that this young lady in the sixth grade had never encountered an act of kindness? And if she had never encountered such an act, how could she return what she had never been offered? How does one learn kindness? I would expect first and foremost kindness must be shown to those who would learn it. Kindness is not just something that you do, it is something you offer after you have been taught, and I would presuppose mostly by example, found in the attitude of someone whop is truly kind in heart and intention. And since this little girl did not understand the definition of kindness, nor could she come up with anything to write about kindness on her school assignments, I would suppose that the parents were evidently not terribly kind, and certainly not teaching their children the meaning of kindness, which probably comes most often by example. When was the last time you went out of your way to be kind to someone less fortunate than yourself? Who has learned the act of kindness from your example? Do you know what it means to be kind? Have you made certain that your children understand the meaning of kindness? What a different world this would be if everyone were kind. It would seem to me that in all things we are required more than anything else to be kind first. No matter how badly someone hurts you or how offended by someone you might be, isn’t the wisest road of action always to be kind first, even in dealing with some of the worst situations. So many people are wounded, hurting, not knowing why life has treated them the way it does, and only seek a kind word from someone who can ease some of the pain. No matter how offensive someone is, the best defense is always kindness. Being kind is not always easy, but it is never put under repute, as is anger and fear and hostility. “Be ye kind, one to another.” Is not just a suggestion. It is a command. And in doing so, we give an example to those who are watching us that often reverberates into their life and action, simply because they first saw the kindness coming from you. Kindness is contagious. Be kind, and in showing kindness, you bring an example that is followed by many who saw your kindness, and they too begin to share the kindness that they have seen you activate. And the activation of kindness can stop wars. “Love is Kind.” (I Corinthians 13:4) Leave a Comment
4.5. Tuplizers org.hibernate.tuple.Tuplizer, and its sub-interfaces, are responsible for managing a particular representation of a piece of data given that representation's org.hibernate.EntityMode. If a given piece of data is thought of as a data structure, then a tuplizer is the thing that knows how to create such a data structure and how to extract values from and inject values into such a data structure. For example, for the POJO entity mode, the corresponding tuplizer knows how create the POJO through its constructor. It also knows how to access the POJO properties using the defined property accessors. There are two high-level types of Tuplizers, represented by the org.hibernate.tuple.entity.EntityTuplizer and org.hibernate.tuple.component.ComponentTuplizer interfaces. EntityTuplizers are responsible for managing the above mentioned contracts in regards to entities, while ComponentTuplizers do the same for components. Users can also plug in their own tuplizers. Perhaps you require that a java.util.Map implementation other than java.util.HashMap be used while in the dynamic-map entity-mode. Or perhaps you need to define a different proxy generation strategy than the one used by default. Both would be achieved by defining a custom tuplizer implementation. Tuplizer definitions are attached to the entity or component mapping they are meant to manage. Going back to the example of our customer entity: <class entity-name="Customer"> Override the dynamic-map entity-mode tuplizer for the customer entity <tuplizer entity-mode="dynamic-map" <generator class="sequence"/> <!-- other properties --> public class CustomMapTuplizerImpl extends org.hibernate.tuple.entity.DynamicMapEntityTuplizer { // override the buildInstantiator() method to plug in our custom map... protected final Instantiator buildInstantiator( org.hibernate.mapping.PersistentClass mappingInfo) { return new CustomMapInstantiator( mappingInfo ); private static final class CustomMapInstantiator extends org.hibernate.tuple.DynamicMapInstantitor { protected final Map generateMap() { return new CustomMap();
Lesson: Conflict Resolution & Training 0 Favorites Lesson Objective Lesson Plan Conflict Resolution & Training is a program designed by Dr. Robert Kaplan, PhD, to help people learn how to resolve conflicts and deal with conflict. The main goal of Conflict Resolution & Training is to build self-awareness and self-compassion and the use of conflict as a catalyst for change. It is designed to help people create a positive environment that is conducive to a healthy communication process between partners, with the goal of fostering harmony and peace. There are also courses on conflict resolution and training for people who wish to learn how to resolve conflict in business. Dr. Kaplan teaches students how to identify and manage conflict, develop skills to work in a collaborative setting and create a framework that will provide a framework for conflict resolution. The program also offers information about the various types of conflicts and the various situations that cause conflict. The course also discusses the role of emotions, feelings and social norms in conflict. The course focuses on the process of problem solving using the five W's - What, Who, When, Where and Why. The course emphasizes the use of conflict as a motivating tool, not an emotional tool. The course involves learning to recognize, evaluate and handle conflicts. The program teaches students how to work within a problem solving framework. Students gain insight into their own behaviors and learn how to apply this to other situations. The course helps students recognize their own behaviors as well as those of others, learn how to recognize a "win" situation and what triggers it, and how to negotiate in an effective manner. The course provides tools for conflict resolution with an emphasis on communication. The conflict management & training courses include discussions about conflict resolution with the participation of facilitators, who are experts in conflict. Facilitators will encourage students to participate in the conflict-solving process. Students will have the opportunity to observe the conflict and learn how they can use their skills to resolve it successfully. Facilitators will also guide students through the steps involved in dealing with a conflict and in building a productive relationship. During the conflict management & training courses, students will have the opportunity to work with other participants to learn how to resolve a variety of conflict problems. The course focuses on the need to communicate clearly and constructively and the importance of listening. and developing open and constructive relationships. In addition to the coursework and workshops offered in Conflict Resolution & Training, students will be assigned to teams that will engage in a variety of activities designed to enhance their skills and knowledge of conflict management and conflict resolution. Some of these activities include role-playing in conflict situations and working with experts from the military. and government. Dr. Kaplan also offers an accelerated program of classes to further enhance the students' understanding of successful conflict management. There are also a number of short term workshops that are offered to teach students on conflict resolution & training. These programs are taught in groups of four to six students in an intensive format. Because this course takes place over a series of five semesters, it requires the students to make a significant commitment to attend the classes. The classes are often held at the university and are held in the evening, on weekends. However, it will benefit students to be able to take courses during the week and to attend some of the classes during the day to accommodate their busy schedules. Students are expected to read and review all the books, essays, and lectures given in the courses. This will prepare them for the challenges that will arise in their own classroom assignments and in the workplace. One of the primary focuses of Conflict Resolution & Training is to equip students with the skills to develop skills in interpersonal and negotiation skills. The programs are also designed to prepare students to successfully complete their final exams. and to allow them to pass a comprehensive written examination. Students will have classroom experience using the Conflict Management & Training curriculum. Students will have a chance to practice problem solving, teamwork, leadership, conflict resolution, conflict management, negotiation, and conflict resolution. and negotiation techniques in a real setting. It is a good idea for students to participate in an internship or a research study in the classes. Lesson Resources No resources at this time. Something went wrong. See details for more info Nothing to upload
Haidt/Lukianoff: Speech Is Not Violence The following is an excerpt from “The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas are Setting Up A Generation for Failure”, by Jonathan Haidt and Greg Lukianoff Why Telling Kids That Speech Is Violence Is A Bad Idea Most students oppose the use of violence. When asked in a poll conducted by FIRE whether they themselves would use violence to stop someone from speaking, only 1% said yes. But there is a much larger group—roughly 20% to 30%, according to the two surveys we described earlier—that is willing to support other students who use violence, drawing on the sorts of justifications offered by the Berkeley students. The most common justification is that hate speech is violence, and some students believe it is therefore legitimate to use violence to shut down hate speech. Setting aside the questions of moral and constitutional legitimacy, what are the psychological consequences of thinking this way? Members of some identity groups surely face more frequent insults to their dignity than do straight white males, on average. A free-for-all attitude toward speech that allows people to say whatever they want with no fear of consequences can therefore affect people with different social identities differently. As we noted in chapter 2, some portion of what is commonly called political correctness is just being thoughtful or polite—using words in a way that is considerate to others.86 But students make a serious mistake when they interpret words—even words spoken with hatred—as violence. In a widely circulated essay in The New York Times in July 2017, the argument that words can be violence was made by Lisa Feldman Barrett, a well-respected professor of psychology and emotion researcher at Northeastern University.87 Barrett offered this syllogism: “If words can cause stress, and if prolonged stress can cause physical harm, then it seems that speech—at least certain types of speech—can be a form of violence.” We responded in an essay in The Atlantic, in which we noted that it is a logical error to accept the claim that harm—even physical harm—is the same as violence.88 Barrett’s syllogism takes the form that if A can cause B and B can cause C, then A can cause C. Therefore, if words can cause stress and stress can cause harm, then words can cause harm, but that does not establish that words are violence. It only establishes that words can result in harm—even physical harm—which we don’t doubt. To see the difference, just rerun the syllogism by swapping in “breaking up with your girlfriend” or “giving students a lot of homework.” Both of these can provoke stress in someone else (including elevated levels of cortisol), and stress can cause harm, so both can cause harm. That doesn’t mean that they are violent acts. Interpreting a campus lecture as violence is a choice, and it is a choice that increases your pain with respect to the lecture while reducing your options for how to respond. If you interpret a speech by Milo Yiannopoulos as a violent attack on your fellow students, then you have a moral obligation to do something about it, perhaps even something violent. That is precisely how trolls manipulate their victims. But if you keep the distinction between speech and violence clear in your mind, then many more options are available to you. First, you can take the Stoic response and develop your ability to remain unmoved. As Marcus Aurelius advised, “Choose not to be harmed—and you won’t feel harmed. Don’t feel harmed—and you haven’t been.” The more ways your identity can be threatened by casual daily interactions, the more valuable it will be to cultivate the Stoic (and Buddhist, and CBT) ability to not be emotionally reactive, to not let others control your mind and your cortisol levels. The Stoics understood that words don’t cause stress directly; they can only provoke stress and suffering in a person who has interpreted those words as posing a threat. You can choose whether to interpret a visiting speaker as harmful. You can pick your battles, devote your efforts to changing policies that matter to you, and make yourself immune to trolls. The internet will always be there; extremists will always be posting potentially offensive images and statements; some groups will be targeted more than others. It’s not fair, but even as we work to lessen hatred and heal divisions, all of us must learn to ignore some of the things we see and just carry on with our day. A second and more radical response opens up when you reject the “speech is violence” view: you can use your opponents’ ideas and arguments to make yourself stronger. The progressive activist Van Jones (who was President Barack Obama’s green jobs advisor) endorsed this view in February of 2017 in a conversation at the University of Chicago’s Institute for Politics. When Democratic strategist David Axelrod asked Jones about how progressive students should react when people they find ideologically offensive (such as someone associated with the Trump administration) are invited to speak on campus, Jones began by noting the distinction… between physical and emotional “safety”: There are two ideas about safe spaces: One is a very good idea and one is a terrible idea. The idea of being physically safe on a campus—not being subjected to sexual harassment and physical abuse, or being targeted specifically, personally, for some kind of hate speech—“you are an n-word,” or whatever—I am perfectly fine with that. But there’s another view that is now I think ascendant, which I think is just a horrible view, which is that “I need to be safe ideologically. I need to be safe emotionally. I just need to feel good all the time, and if someone says something that I don’t like, that’s a problem for everybody else, including the university administration.” Jones then delivered some of the best advice for college students we have ever heard. He rejected the Untruth of Fragility and turned safetyism on its head: Jones understands antifragility. Jones wants progressive college students to see themselves not as fragile candles but as fires, welcoming the wind by seeking out ideologically different speakers and ideas.
Posted in Blog Posts, Featured, Reading Room Insulin Resistance Many people suffer from insulin resistance, even though few understand how it relates to obesity. Insulin Resistance is at the core of most metabolic disease processes. And many Americans have an insulin problem thanks to our sugar and carb-rich diets. Lesson Number 1 is about insulin resistance: what it is and why it is important. Sadly, the disease of obesity remains stigmatized and over-simplified – and so has its recommended treatments. But thankfully more good resources are coming online to help educate people about the science behind diet and effective weight loss. Dr. Sarah Hallberg is a Bariatric medical weight management specialist, which is a doctor trained specifically to help people lose weight. She has made a mark on the Bariatrics field by dispelling a lot of misconceptions about obesity and diet. In this Ted Talk video, Dr. Hallberg spells out the all-too common problem that many Americans face with regard to insulin and their diets, including why you always feel hungry shortly after binging on “American Chinese food.” A big part of her focus is on Type 2 Diabetes, formerly known as “sugar diabetes.” But if Americans eat too much sugar, and it is the cause of Type 2 Diabetes, why has the American Diabetes Association been recommending people with this disease consume at least 45 grams of carbohydrate at each meal? And why are some health professionals still arguing that consuming less than 130 grams of carbohydrates in a day could result in death? I am calling BS on that one! After all, where did this idea of a per diem carb threshold come from? Here is one explanation (albeit a bit long), which I found to be very helpful. 130 grams of carbohydrates a day? But Why? Still have questions? Let’s talk about them.
The Position of Ægir Ridge compared with Iceland and Norway The Icelandic Plateau has a distinct elliptical shape, and thereby with a central point. This central point can be linked with continuations of Reykjanes Ridge and Kolbeinsey Ridge. Comparing that with the Ægir Ridge, another link is found, because there are exactly 15° between them along the relevant latitude (around 65.5°N). The Norwegian coast is found 15° along that latitude to the east. Ægir Ridge https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegir_Ridge did shape most of the sea bottom between Iceland and Norway, until it was functionally replaced by the Kolbeinsey Ridge. Iceland Plateau – Aegir Ridge – Norway The fact that the exact center is at the eastern edge of Ægir Ridge can even tell a story for those exploring these features in the future. It shows that the ridge was shaped by the pulling effects between the North American Plate and the local small scale convection roll having opposing rotation, in the same way as the Kolbeinsey Ridge today, as well as the main volcanic zones of Iceland. The Path of Jökulsá á Fjöllum River in Iceland A large river of North Iceland shows resemblance with the forces underneath. It finds its way directly to the north by swaying to the polygons east of the central axis of the North Volcanic Zone. The small polygons there are under pressure from the central polygons of the volcanic zone, thereby breaking up diagonally from north to south, providing tectonic lines for the river to follow. Jökulsá á Fjöllum River. Three polygons are marked on the map, namely those with inner tectonic structure for the river to flow afert. The first is still affected by the East Volcanic Zone, with tensional forces leading the river to the NE. At the boundary of the next polygon, the river is already east of the central axis, and the polygon must therefore be subject to some pressure and rotation, breaking it diagonally NS. The river flows to the 2nd turn where it starts following the border between two polygons. At the western corner of that polygon, it enters the realm of the third polygon, being the northernmost of the North Volcanic Zone series, it has a trend for providing NS tectonic features, leading the river accurately to the northernmost corner, where the estuary is found. The Path of Skjálfandafljót River in Iceland The path of Skjálfandafljót can be traced according to the tectonics related to magma flow. First, the direction of each section follows the tensional matrix, or pressure induced on the primarily diamond-shaped polygons as shown here. Skjálfandafljót River. The origin follows an NW aligned path, until it reaches the border of the polygon, then it turns towards NE along the division line. At the northern end of the polygon, the river turns northwards, and crosses the northern corner of the other small polygon as well (1st NS polygon path), repeating the same story within the next polygon (2nd NS polygon path) until it reaches the estuary. In this way, the relationship between tectonics and river flow can be explained, by referring to the effect of convection rolls below the tectonic plate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skj%C3%A1lfandaflj%C3%B3t The name, Skjálfandafljót, refers to the Skjálfandi Bay, literally meaning Trembling Bay due to frequent earthquakes in the area. The tectonical activity level prbably contributes to the clear features of this particular river alignment. Old and New NS-Axis of Iceland The North Volcanic Zone of Iceland is clearly aligned from north to south. But Iceland has another axis like that, farther to the west. The two different axis or lines are of the same nature. Actually, the North Volcanic Zone did replace the Skagafjordur Volcanic Zone. Therefore, the distance between the two axis is exactly 3° from east to west, because both axis have their roots in the convection rolls pattern. The two NS-axis of Iceland – old and new The western axis is older, and contains the central polygon of the Icelandic Plateau, where the distance to the edge of the elliptically shaped plateau is the same to the east and west. As shown in other posts, that axis is also centrally located between the main outposts of Icelandic volcanoes, Snæfellsjökull and Snæfell. We get a geological/geographical bonus by seeing how the glacier Vatnajökull is shaped by the convection rolls framework, as one polygon is colored almost completely white. The other parts of the glacier seem to reach out from that central area. Similar features can also be clearly found for Langjökull, covering the western half of its polygon. Small Volcanic Zones of Iceland Usually, we mention the large volcanic rift zones extending over central Iceland. But the small volcanic zones deserve attention as well. According to this model, they have one thing in common, that is they extend over a pair of convection rolls. Here, the zones and belts are marked centrally with a black line. The smaller volcanic zones and belts of Iceland. Grímsey Oblique Rift Zone is least known and hardly mentioned in overview material about the geology of Iceland. It connects the North Volcanic Zone with the Kolbeinsey Ridge. It has a similar function as Reykjanes Oblique Rift Zone, providing a connection with the Reykjanes Ridge. Apart from those two systems, there are three other marginal systems. First is Snaefellsnes Volcanic Belt, found in the West of Iceland and it seems to be hard to explain why it exists at all. In the East, Öraefajökull Volcanic Belt is also hard to explain, although it is usually said that it represents a new development as volcanic activity gradually moves eastwards. Finally, the South Iceland Volcanic Belt is not always regarded as an independent area, as it connects directly with the East Volcanic Zone. All those zones and belts should be analyzed according to the effect of the relevant pair of convection rolls and how coupling between layers will affect their development. One more volcanic zone could be mentioned in this context, that of Hofsjökull. It is small and behaves in a different way than the West, East and North Volcanic Zones.
null null An overview lecture for EE/Embedded Systems students. During your future career as engineer it is useful to know about neural architectures. Neural architectures used in many domains that relate to computation. Interesting things happen in different domains; Machine Learning, Neurobiology, Computer Vision, Physics, Computer architecture, Neuromorphic). This makes Neural Networks more relevant for the Embedded Systems Community First Introduce the neural network model, if we don’t know what it is, we don’t know why it is used. Inspired by the Biological Neurons in the Brain these Neural network models are developed. Later on more information about Neurobiology. For now enough to know that neurons have a connection with an efficiency that is used to send over signals. When enough signals arrive at the postsynaptic neuron, it fires an new spike. Quick recap of the perceptron model, can separate input data to classes, and learn separation between classes. Problem can not solve problems that require non-linear separation. For example an XOR function, in practice many problems require non-linear If we want the pattern on the input to give a high output value te one values on the input should be multiplied with positive weights. If we want that a different pattern has a low output we should set all weights connected to other pixels to a negative value. In this situation a pattern should match the input. We could use the bias input with a big negative value to force the output to zero if a different pattern that ‘one’ on the input is pressed. From single perceptron's it is possible to build more powerful classifiers that can solve problems that are non-linear. That is something which is interesting for the Machine Learning community. The desirable functionality of learning a behavior to a machine is very useful, the techniques are closely related to optimization theory. Single perceptrons can be connected to form a Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) also called Aritificial Neural Network (ANN). Because the different representations that can be build in the hidden (middle) layer and the nonlinear activation function, this network can separate non-linear problems. Training is done by stochastic gradient decent this involves updating the weights in the negative direction of the error gradient. This process is repeated for a big set of input patterns until the error converges to a low value. The gradient computation and weight updates can be implemented efficient by the error back-propagation algorithm. The idea of a learning perceptron introduced a hype, the famous XOR prove that it could only solve linearly separable classification problems removed much interest. The MLP solution created a hype again, but overtraining and generalization was still a problem. Training required complex parameter tuning and Support Vector Machine showed to have better properties for generalization because they maximize class difference. A system that can learn from example can also solve many problems an application designer encounters. Therefore many applications are driven by neural network based machine learning. Read this reference for a good description of the CNN approach to face detection: Garcia C., Delakis M., “Convolutional Face Finder: A Neural Architecture for Fast and Robust Face Detection”, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 26(11), November 2004, p. 14081423. Focus on data instead of algorithm complexity Pre-process data to generate more examples Use a test set to verify generalization Classify features with a hierarchy of trained simple detectors. Each stage simple features are combined into more complex features. If you want to know all details of this type of neural network read this reference (is a big paper but contains most of the details): Y. LeCun, L. Bottou, Y. Bengio and P. Haffner: Gradient-Based Learning Applied to Document Recognition, For more information regarding the speed sign detection and recognition read our paper: M.Peemen, B.Mesman and H.Corporaal, Speed Sign Detection and Recognition by Convolutional Neural Networks, In: Proceedings of the 8th International Automotive Congress. pp. 162-170 (2011) Four example application domains that ANN can solve very well Read the paper on applications that can be solved with Neural networks: BenchNN: T.Chen, Y.Chen, M.Duranton, Q. Guo, A. Hashmi, M.Lipasti, A.Nere, S.Qiu, M. Sebag, O.Temam. On the Broad Potential Application Scope of Hardware Neural Network Accelerators, IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC), November 2012 Due to recent changes in the field of chip fabrication some constraints force this Tech branch to find solutions that can cope with the new constraints. Neural nets can provide a few solutions to these new constraints. Two interesting constraints that motivate the industry to come op with "What do you do when chips get too hot to take advantage of all of those transistors that Moore's Law provides? You turn them off, and end up with a lot of dark silicon — transistors that lie unused because of power limitations. As detailed in MIT Technology Review, Researchers at UC San Diego are fighting dark silicon with a new kind of processor for mobile phones that employs a hundred or so specialized cores. They achieve 11x improvement in energy efficiency by doing so." As an efficient multi purpose accelerator Hardware Artificial Neural Networks could be used. Functionality can be reprogrammed by updating the connections. For various application fields these give state of the art results, as shown in previous slides. The fundamental operations contain a lot of parallelism. How would we develop such an accelerator. We have this mathematical description, and a graphical network. Let’s look at the code that describes this network. From a network towards hardware with memories, and computing elements. How could you load bias values into this system? In the old days they tried to do this analog. Digital multipliers consume a lot of logic. Still this system needs sample & hold circuitry to process a net layer by layer. Use a lot of MACC processing elements and a sigmoid approximation and two memories as basic elements of a digital neuro processor. Commercial implementations of SIMD neuro processors exist! SIMD with an orthogonal instruction set is quite flexible there exist compilers to code these chips in languages such as C. But not the most efficient approach. With multiple input patterns it is possible to perform the multiply accumulate operations into Matrix-Matrix products. Could implement these in a systolic array. So it is possible to stream in your data with much less control. This approach is more efficient but less flexible. If your operations can only have these specialized functions and the designers overlooked some functionality, it is not easy to solve as a programmer. Development of compilers for these architectures is much more The systolic array used in this accelerator is discussed in another paper: M.Sankaradas, V.Jakkula, S.Cadambi, S.Chakradhar, I.Durdanovic, E.Cosatto, H.P.Graf, A Massively Parallel Coprocessor for Convolutional Neural Networks, In Proc. 20th IEEE International Conference on Application-specific Systems, Architectures and Processors (ASAP), 2009, Boston, MA Recap of the intermediate images that need temporal storage. The parallel coprocessor connects the systolic arrays in a reconfigurable way to input pixels or output arrays. This minimizes the amount of stored intermediate image results. 5x faster and 10x better energy efficiency Weak spot of a neural accelerator is the memory decoder. The neuron network can have a few errors before output is broken (see next slide). If memory decoder is broken the device does not work anymore. A solution to reduce this probability is unfolding the network. This distributes the memory over the chip close to the neural processors. This solution can still use timemultiplexing but than you need a memory again. This can be made robust by increasing the transistor size of the memory decoder. With the unfolded network less context switches are required to simulate the bigger network. Read this paper to see all experiments and design ideas: Olivier Temam: A Defect-Tolerant Accelerator for Emerging High-Performance Applications, Olivier Temam: A Defect-Tolerant Accelerator for Emerging HighPerformance Applications, ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA), June 2012 The tech. improvements also create new possibilities for the field of Neurobiology. Every year this domain can simulate bigger neural circuits. Why simulating the brain? Possible with software but this scales very bad. Only small neural circuits possible. Without the communication overhead the brain would require over 30 Peta Flops. Blue brain project simulates small brain structures on the molecular level on a super computer. Spinnaker builds a more energy efficient super computer out of many ARM cores. Compared to Blue Brain Spinnaker uses a more abstract Integrate & Fire neuron model. Take a look at the Spinnaker project: 18 Arm9 cores on a chip with a dedicated NoC and Packet router to go off Neurons that share a lot of interconnections are grouped on a chip with the local 128MB SDRAM. This minimizes the packet traffic over the off-chip Spinnaker is still a multiprocessor network of general purpose cores. This is flexible but also less efficient compared to dedicated circuits Biological Neuron communicates with spikes. Instead of only computing with the pike rates also the arrival time can trigger actions. A model of a leaky Intergrate and Fire neuron. This neuron only requires ~14 transistors. Most area is now consumed by the synapses. Storing the weight in a capacitance consumes much area. Read about real implementations in: Antoine Joubert, Bilel Belhadj, Olivier Temam, Rodolphe Heliot: Hardware Spiking Neurons Design: Analog or Digital?, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), June 2012. Wafer scale integration of Integrate and Fire neuron models. See: New technology innovations that open new possibilities for neural hardware. The memristior developed by HP (2008) looks very promising as a basic element for the implementation of synapses. Recently Intel has published an interesting paper about this technology with a crossbar synapse array. Read the paper for more information. Growing organic chips, can be very cheap. But it is difficult to read out the signals form the living neurons. The neurons on these chips are used for experiments instead of a commercial product. This project was one of the first, many others have followed by now. This was a broad overview of the field of neuro computing. It shows many promising concepts of neural architectures. For many domains this is only a short summary of the topic. For example Machine Learning has complete courses to understand the concepts. The chance is quite high that you will encounter neural networks in your EE/ES career. This is mainly due to the nice properties of neural networks; (learning, flexible, fault tolerant, and Was this manual useful for you? yes no Thank you for your participation! Download PDF
How do you mention a book title in APA? How do you mention a book title in APA? What does the title of a book mean? How do you write a title of a book in an essay? What is the difference between a cover page and a title page? What do you put on a title page? How do I make a good cover page? How do I make my first page an assignment? 6:02Suggested clip · 106 secondsHow To make A Cover Page for Assignments – YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clip What is a cover page of a book? How do you describe a book cover? What is the 1st page of a book called? Page 1: Blank Page 1 is also called a flyleaf. Originally, this piece of paper was used to protect your book. Nowadays, books are always provided with a book cover; the flyleaf still remains a part of a book. What’s the back page of a book called? Writers use the term “blurb” to describe the text on the back of the book. “Summary” and “synopsis” are also used but, in my experience, are used only in formal context (i.e., in a query letter or an article about writing.) FWIW, many authors write their own blurbs and for most of us, it is horrible! What are parts of a book called? What are the parts of a book? Parts of a book make up the entirety of the book, including the title, introduction, body, conclusion, and back cover. In order to write a book book in full, you need to have all the moving parts to make it not only good but also effective. How many pages should a book be?
Savings on health costs would help offset more ambitious climate pledges The Climate Action Tracker, which involves five independent research organisations analysing the emissions reduction targets of the nations represented at COP21 in Paris has totted up the sums now that 158 climate pledges have been officially tabled. The upshot is that the pledges will result in 2.7 degrees Celsius of temperature rise in 2100, if the governments all met their pledges. Everyone knows that won’t be enough: Screen Shot 2015-12-09 at 10.29.42 AM What the pledges amount to. Climate Action Tracker In a bid to point out the benefits of getting closer to that 2 degree limit scientists say we need to stay within to avoid dangerous climate change, the Climate Action Tracker has also done some work on the co-benefits of reducing emissions at a slightly higher rate now: That’s because by reducing emissions, nations avoid costs associated with illness and mortality from “harmful anthropological air pollutants such as particulate matter and ozone”. Other benefits exist too that haven’t even been quantified in this analysis – job creation, improved energy security, reduced impacts of air pollution on ecosystems, and increases in rural electrification. Nor does it account for the actual costs nations will face due to “sea level rise, extreme weather events, reduced crop yield and the need for adaptation”. What it means is that if just four China, India, Japan, Russia and the EU were to factor in the cost benefits of reducing mortality from air pollutants “they could reduce the 2 degree emissions gap by 25-45% and the 1.5 degree gap by 20-34%,” according to the Climate Action Tracker. Screen Shot 2015-12-09 at 10.41.19 AM Interestingly, the US wouldn’t benefit because “the value of co-benefits from reduced air pollution already offsets its mitigation costs, according to each of the analysis approaches employed”. And what about New Zealand? Well, we could save a lot on these health-related costs too if we reduce emissions, allowing us to improve our emissions-reduction commitment which the Climate Action Tracker rates as “inadequate”. According to research from the Health and Air Pollution in New Zealand (HAPINZ) study, the social costs of air pollution topped $4 billion in 2006. It has decreased since as steps have been taken to reduce emissions. In 2012, air pollution from human-made PM10 was associated with an estimated [3]: • 1000 premature deaths • 520 extra hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases • 1.35 million restricted activity days (when symptoms were sufficient to prevent usual activities, such as work or study). The main air pollution categories are outlined below: What the pledges amount to What the pledges amount to If we could move to renewable sources of energy to replace wood and coal fires alone, we’d save a huge amount on health-related costs in our part of the world. Food for thought as negotiations continue in Paris. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
The European Green Deal: what consumers expect from it PRESS RELEASE - 11.12.2019 Today, the European Commission will present its European Green Deal – the EU’s plans to take action against climate change. The European Consumer Organisation (BEUC) strongly believes that policies to fight climate change must reflect the reality of consumers’ everyday lives as a starting point. This means that if the EU is serious about combatting climate change, it needs to make it significantly easier for consumers to lead sustainable lives. BEUC has identified four priority areas where helping consumers to live more sustainably can have a positive impact on the climate: • Mobility: the shift from fossil fuel vehicles to electric cars and better public transport needs to be accelerated. This means consumers must have real alternatives to carbon-heavy forms of transport at hand. • Housing: buildings account for the largest share of energy consumption in the EU. It needs to become simpler and more affordable for both owners and tenants to make their houses energy efficient. • Food: it must become easier, more affordable and attractive to eat food that is produced in a sustainable way. This will require action as regards how and what kind of food is being produced. • Finance: it must become more affordable to take out (responsible) green loans to purchase energy-efficient heating devices and switch to less polluting cars. More and better value offers must be made available to consumers for green savings and investments. Monique Goyens, Director General from BEUC, comments: “All consumers can play a role in preventing our planet from collapsing. But this means that the EU needs to propose policies which support them make the switch to a sustainable lifestyle. “Through real alternatives to fossil fuel cars, by changing food production and consumption so it is more in line with our planet’s resources, or by making it easier to retrofit our homes, the EU can make a huge difference for consumers. But it will require courage to address flaws in the way the building, finance, transport and food sectors currently work. “The EU needs to have all households in mind when devising its measures to fight climate change, especially the less affluent ones. Policies to support low-carbon driving or better insulating homes need to be affordable for everyone. “From health threats to extended heat waves, rising food prices due to reduced supplies and new diseases, all people will be on the receiving end of the climate crisis. Climate policies which help consumers make their homes more energy-efficient and encourage them to switch to a more sustainable diet can help people play their part in turning the tide.”
Sorry, no results were found for Caffeine Can Help You Run Longer It doesn't dehydrate athletes! Some people need their caffeine fix to keep themselves up and alert. But since it causes dehydration and stimulates urine production, athletes were advised against drinking coffee before training and competing. The substance would just disrupt their workout and lower their performance level, right? Wrong. Apparently the world’s leading distance runners make coffee a part of their pre-race prep. Mo Farah revealed in his autobiography Twin Ambitions that 20 minutes before he races, he drinks coffee. “As I walk onto the stadium track, I feel this massive caffeine high.” When athletes drink coffee or chew caffeinated energy gels, it’s not to be more alert. It’s to enhance their endurance as they go along the middle and latter portions of a marathon. Triathlete Sarah Piampiano says, “As you get further into the marathon, your energy supplies are depleted and you just really start suffering; that’s why I start increasing the amount of caffeine I take.” For her, caffeine is an “essential tool” for races. Her statement is plausible because caffeine targets the brain, which is the organ that tells the body it is fatigued. Once the body is told, the person begins to slow down. Caffeine overrides all that. Continue reading below ↓ But what about the dehydration and the urge to pee we get from drinking coffee? New research found that those are the effects only when the coffee drinker is resting. It’s not at all the case when the person is or will be active. Continue reading below ↓ Recommended Videos Scientists, though, have yet to explain why reactions are different for the sedentary and the active. This is pretty good news if you’re looking to boosting your performance and training harder. But be sure not to take in too much caffeine so your heart rate won’t increase beyond what’s necessary. You still have to find out how much caffeine works for you, since we all metabolize and react to it differently. Sources: The GuardianThe Atlantic
For those with only a passing interest in nutritional supplements, creatine is the one product they’ll probably know about. For many of those, it may be the only one they’ve actually tried. It may have only been used to help sports performance in the last decade, but it was first identified in 1832. So what have the last 180 years taught us about this incredible supplement and should endurance athletes, where creatine is less popular, be utilising it? Creatine, or methylguanidine-acetic acid, is a nitrogenous organic acid which occurs naturally in vertebrates and helps to supply energy to all our cells. It can also be found in meat, fish and, in supplemental form, as a powder or via meal-replacement shakes. In recent years it has shown to improve muscular strength and power, particularly in performance athletes, during high-intensity, short-duration activities but this doesn’t cover everyone. In actual fact, the muscle’s cells use creatine to form creatine phosphate. This is a high-energy compound that synthesises the very basics of human energy, the enzyme molecule known as adenosine triphosphate or ATP. Think of ATP as the body’s battery, storing the energy we need and releasing it as and when we need it. Occasionally, during training, that battery isn’t powerful, so creatine gives it a little help by providing another source of phosphate. Creatine phosphate tempers the added intramuscular acidity that is associated high-intensity workouts. Studies as far back as the mid 1980s show that when the concentration levels of creatine phosphate drop in muscle cells, the fibres are unable to manifest normal force production. Couple this with studies that have displayed faster running speeds, stronger velocity cycling and greater muscular power, there must be few athletes that haven’t tried it. Creatine absorption is improved by taking it with simple carbohydrates likes dextrose (glucose) or maltodextrin. As these raise your level of blood sugar, it increases the production of insulin. Adding creatine into the the muscles stimulates the creatine transporters, a side effect of insulin production. In addition, exercise makes it easier for your body to absorb and use creatine. Because of the popularity of creatine, a number of common misconceptions have grown up around it. Many people will tell you that the use of creatine will always result in huge weight gain, but this is not the case. The fact is that most ‘experts’ will tell you that you need load between 20 – 30 grams of creatine per day to see an effect. In those doses, weight gain through water-retention can be a factor but, according to a recent study, lower doses of around 6g per day have resulted in gains of only 1 lb in lean muscle. In addition a recent double-blind, placebo-controlled study in the US found that athletes in their study showed no significant increase in water at all with those taking creatine gaining more fat-free and total body mass than those taking the placebo. The short-term effects of creatine are well-known. Many studies have shown that for those undertaking relatively short exercise creatine can help but for endurance athletes, the studies are less clear-cut. Of course, endurance activities can vary between sports. The physical efforts of an endurance runner are very different from, for example, an endurance kayaker, but when it comes to bridging the gap, powering over a short climb or the finishing sprint, can you afford to overlook creatine?
Voice and Speech This course aims at improving spoken English by practicing specific vowel and consonant sounds as well as rhythm and intonation. Class members study and practice speaking skills needed to function appropriately in a U.S. academic setting as well as in U.S. society in general. Examples as well as self-recordings are used to identify and improve challenges in pronunciation.
Advent calendar 2020 11 December Noel has a large pile of cards. Half of them are red, the other half are black. Noel splits the cards into two piles: pile A and pile B. Two thirds of the cards in pile A are red. Noel then moves 108 red cards from pile A to pile B. After this move, two thirds of the cards in pile B are red. How many cards did Noel start with? Note: There was a mistake in the original version of today's puzzle. The number 21 has been replaced with 108. Show answer Show me a random puzzle Most recent collections Advent calendar 2020 Advent calendar 2019 Sunday Afternoon Maths LXVII Coloured weights Not Roman numerals Advent calendar 2018 List of all puzzles square numbers coins algebra division number means coordinates angles range factorials cards differentiation perfect numbers cryptic crossnumbers quadrilaterals people maths parabolas symmetry speed squares christmas irreducible numbers cryptic clues graphs circles dodecagons area chess gerrymandering calculus digital clocks functions cube numbers advent partitions median sums indices clocks quadratics numbers pascal's triangle sum to infinity dice hexagons prime numbers surds integration spheres rugby geometry perimeter ellipses dominos arrows crossnumber books menace triangle numbers rectangles mean palindromes complex numbers fractions doubling unit fractions ave odd numbers trigonometry time percentages routes multiples crossnumbers 2d shapes 3d shapes crosswords tiling products addition folding tube maps digits multiplication averages floors chalkdust crossnumber integers money wordplay taxicab geometry sequences elections triangles polygons chocolate remainders regular shapes games sport probability grids square roots balancing shape probabilty dates the only crossnumber planes colouring bases factors volume lines proportion star numbers shapes logic scales combinatorics Show me a random puzzle ▼ show ▼ © Matthew Scroggs 2012–2021
Monday, September 18, 2017 Does COPD have a Genetic Component? Some people are genetically predisposed to developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This is due to a mutation that prevents a protein called alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAt) from exiting the liver. This protein is produced in the liver and used by the body to fix environmental damage in the lungs. With this mutation, AAt is produced in excess causing polymerization, or chains of the protein that are too big to exit the liver. People with this mutation are more likely to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, and/or cirrhosis of the liver. A person can live with the mutation and be completely healthy or have one cigarette and develop emphysema. Researchers who found the genetic mutations have said that the major risk factors for developing COPD are whether or not that person smokes. Image result for smoking This mutation seems to work differently on a case to case basis. Recently, a person close to me developed COPD and after reading this article I was concerned that it could be genetic. However, half way through the article it stated that smoking was still the biggest cause of COPD and the person close to me had been a smoker for over 40 years. The second article below states facts about COPD including the statistic that 3.2 million people died of COPD in 2015. 1 comment: 1. Jamie, I found this article interesting. I think its unique how the mutation acts differently depending on its case. I also enjoyed your input on a close one developing COPD. Great job.
Waste prevention Waste Prevention Waste prevention In February 2011, the Waste (England and Wales) Regulations introduced the legal requirement for organisations to apply the waste hierarchy when dealing with waste. This means organisations must take all reasonable steps to prevent and reduce waste and where waste does arise, demonstrate that they have dealt with it in the most environmentally friendly way possible. At the top of this waste hierarchy is waste prevention. In Scotland they have announced a landfill ban on municipal biodegradable waste by 2020 as part of the Zero Waste Regulations. This is the first ban of its kind in the UK and could lead to other countries following suit. What is waste prevention ? Waste prevention focuses on reducing the amount of waste that you generate at source. It involves looking at your manufacturing, processing, packaging, storage, recycling and disposal processes to identify opportunities to manage waste and minimise its impact on the environment. Typical activities involved in waste prevention include: • Site visits • Mapping the packaging and production wastes to inform and develop good practice • Developing recommendations and strategies for prevention, recovery and reuse What are the benefits ? There are lots of benefits you can gain from waste prevention including: • On-going cost savings • Increased resource efficiency • Improved environmental credentials • Identify costly environmental hotspots • Additional marketing tool which can be used when bidding for new tenders/new customers To find out more about waste prevention please call our friendly team at Valpak on03450 682 572 or complete our enquiry form.
Clio Logo This is a contributing entry for Josephine Pankey Heritage Trail and only appears as part of that tour.Learn More. Josephine Pankey, with the encouragement of her husband Samuel, was on a mission. Blacks, by law, were restricted to where they could buy land and live, and financing was not generally available from banks. In 1907 she purchased land thirteen miles northwest of Little Rock and founded a community for blacks. • Located next to the entrance of Conner Park, this marker identifies the African American community founded by Josephine Pankey • The Pankey community spanned several miles along the north and south sides of Cantrell Road. Mrs. Pankey purchased three major plots of land. In 1907 she purchased eighty acres of land that was located thirteen miles west of Little Rock. She bought two and a half acres in 1908. It was in the southwest corner of the town called Pulaski Heights on North Cleveland Street. The third purchase was a fifteen-acre plot near Boyles Park in 1910. Pankey, the first land to be purchased and the last to be platted, is the only community that still exists today. In 1922 she purchased an additional eighty acres that adjoined the original eighty. The land was subdivided into a total of sixty-one blocks and 732 lots on the north and south sides of Cantrell Road. The Pankey community stretched for several miles. In 1979 Pankey was annexed into Little Rock and many of the community businesses moved or closed. Little Rock’s western expansion engulfed the community and current residents strive to maintain what is left of the Pankey heritage. Image Sources(Click to expand) T Enoch T Enoch
World Heritage Asturias has some remarkable World Heritage sites, especially those related to its Prehistory and medieval times, in which this land became a prominent Kingdom where the Pilgrim's Way to Santiago emerged. The World Heritage in Asturias is considered as one of the great tourist and cultural attractions of Natural Paradise. Some of the most outstanding cultural monuments and landmarks of Pre-Romanesque Art are part of this wide range, which would never have existed had it not been for the strength of the Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages. Likewise, and deeply connected with the Kingdom of Asturias, we find the birth of the Camino de Santiago, established by the Asturian king Alfonso II during the ninth century and that, within the historical path, would become one of the most important cultural itineraries of Humanity. Santa María del Naranco (Oviedo/Uviéu)Santa María del Naranco (Oviedo/Uviéu). Moreover, other key pieces in this UNESCO's cultural heritage set include 5 of the Prehistoric Caves that contain outstanding paintings and fine engravings considered as absolutely essential sites to understand the dawn of Humanity. Therefore, the Camino de Santiago (or Jacobean Route), the Pre-Romanesque Art (also known as Asturian Art) and the Prehistoric Caves are considered worldwide as three unique cultural sites by UNESCO. Heritage List Subir arriba Awaiting for the results... Awaiting for the results...
How a Moisture Meter Can Help Find Moisture and Mold Growth Can a Moisture Meter Detect Mold? No, a moisture meter can’t detect mold, but moisture meters can accurately detect moisture pockets which might cause mold growth. By using a pinless moisture meter you can check the surface of the area to identify areas with too much moisture. Moisture meters help detect moisture spots with possible mold growth. If your MC reading in wood is more than 20%, you may want to check these areas for mold growth. When the MC is above 20%, this is possibly where mold growth can start to happen. Humans have reason to attach negative connotations to mold. When food goes bad, mold appears. When a living space contains too much-unventilated moisture, mold grows. Leaves rot on the ground and form mold. Fabric stored in damp places gets its musty smell from the presence of mold. Can a Moisture Meter Detect MoldMore seriously, mold releases chemicals and spores into the air when growing inside a home. Over time, such growth can adversely affect human health. Contrary to public perception, mold has a fairly simple resolution: moisture content (MC) measurement and control. The Icky-ness of Mold Here are some more basic points on understanding mold: • Mold’s impact on us is based on where it grows. • Mold needs moisture to grow. • Dampness inside building materials can cause mold to grow. • Mold will not grow on dry materials. • Mold can begin in environments where no water can be seen. How It Happens mold-in-crawl-spaceMoisture is present in any building because it is part of our natural environment. Builders construct homes using wood and concrete (among other materials). Both contain moisture within, and a healthy degree of moisture remains inside the building materials. Professional installers use a moisture meter to measure the MC of their materials during the building process to ensure that safe moisture levels are achieved. However, moisture meter technology has evolved so that contractors and also consumers can also monitor these building materials on a regular basis to determine if their MC changes. What Causes Moisture in Walls? Although builders seldom deal with mold during construction, homeowners certainly live in perpetual moisture environments in the home and in their workplaces. Moisture imbalance has many potential origins. Moisture can migrate through wood and concrete floors, it can leak from plumbing, it is produced by the daily routines of bathing, washing, and cooking. Moisture naturally accumulates in homes, and its excess needs to be ventilated. Even changes in relative humidity (RH) can influence the building materials MC. When RH is high, materials such as wood absorb water vapor from the air; when RH is low, the same material releases water vapor to try to reach its equilibrium state. Building materials are interactive with the RH and the temperature of their surrounding environments. This is not to be feared as a problem, but to be embraced as a simple moisture management truth. Where it becomes a problem is when there is too much unventilated moisture in a specific area leads to mold growth. What Are the Warning Signs of Mold? • Discoloration: Place a drop of household bleach on a suspected mold spot; if the stain loses its color or disappears, it may be mold. • Musty/earthy smell: This may indicate the presence of some types of mold. • Water stains or dampness: These indications of a moisture problem will often lead to mold if left untreated. How to Eliminate It thermo-hygrometer-and-temperature-gauge.jpgYou cannot eliminate moisture totally, but you can eliminate moisture problems that can lead to mold. The tonic for being out of balance is being balanced. Building trade professionals use a moisture meter that measures the amount of MC in wood building materials and a moisture test that measures the RH of the concrete slab. The measured MC for wood and the RH for concrete slabs are displayed in percentage, and quality builders know the moisture targets of their materials for optimum building construction. In essence, they have the tool to stop mold before it even begins to grow. Professionals monitor moisture conditions through the production and installation of their wood building materials and during the curing of concrete slabs in order to make the best construction decisions for a successful project. Is There a Moisture Meter to Test for Mold? Wagner Meters produces moisture meters and moisture tests for a variety of products – wood, concrete, or multi-material building applications. Using proprietary technology, Wagner Meters’ hand-held wood and building inspection moisture meters quickly scan materials to obtain instant MC measurement results. Consumers can now purchase their own meter to look for potential moisture problems in their homes that will fit in their utility drawer, and quickly and proactively fix moisture problems before they lead to mold issues. Moisture will always be with us, but its excess need not produce mold in the modern home. Use a good moisture meter, and maintain the appropriate levels of moisture which deprive mold of its opportunity. buy a wood moisture meter Last updated on January 18th, 2021 1. Lynn C. Housh says: Is there a % on my moisture meter that is when mold will grow inside a wall • Jason Wright says: Hi Lynn, Thank you for writing in. Moisture meters do not have a percentage that will show mold. That said, I would go to They have wonderful information on their site. Leave a Reply
Upper GI Endoscopy Upper GI endoscopy is a procedure to investigate symptoms, diagnose problems and treat conditions affecting your upper GI (gastrointestinal) tract. Your upper GI tract includes your oesophagus (food pipe), stomach, and the first part of your small intestine (the duodenum). What is an upper GI Endoscopy An upper GI endoscopy, also called a gastroscopy, allows your doctor to look inside your upper digestive system to diagnose and sometimes treat conditions that affect your oesophagus, stomach and beginning of your small intestine. A specialist in diseases of the digestive system, called a gastroenterologist, uses an endoscope which is a long, flexible tube with a tiny light and video camera on one end. The tube is passed through your mouth and throat to your oesophagus and stomach and into your duodenum. Your gastroenterologist will see a video image on a monitor. You will be given a local anaesthetic and often a sedative beforehand to numb your throat and relax you. They will check for symptoms that suggest an upper GI tract problem. These may include stomach pain, heartburn or indigestion, continual feeling and being sick, difficulty or pain swallowing and bleeding. An upper GI endoscopy can also help diagnose or rule out suspected conditions such as stomach ulcers, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), coeliac disease, Barrett's oesophagus, portal hypertension and stomach or oesophageal cancer. Your gastroenterologist may remove small samples of tissue for testing, called a biopsy. They may also insert small tools into the endoscope so they can treat some problems. This may include removing items such as food that are stuck and blocking your upper GI tract, stopping bleeding inside your stomach or oesophagus, widening a narrowed oesophagus that is painful and causing swallowing difficulties, removing cancerous tumours and non-cancerous growths (polyps), and providing nutrients through a feeding tube. How long does it take for an upper GI endoscopy? An upper GI endoscopy typically takes 10 to 30 minutes, depending on your situation. It may take longer if it is treating a condition at the same time. Is an upper GI endoscopy considered surgery? An upper GI endoscopy is considered a medical procedure if it is being used to diagnose a condition. If it is used to treat a condition of your GI tract then it can be referred to as minimally invasive surgery. What is the recovery process after an Upper GI Endoscopy procedure If you had a sedative, you'll need to rest until it has worn off. You will also need to arrange for someone to take you home and to stay with you for 24 hours. You will be able to go back to work when the sedative has worn off. You may feel bloated and have a bit of a sore throat for a few hours following your procedure but this will pass. We will tell you what was found during your upper GI endoscopy. We will discuss with you any treatment or follow-up you need. What is the cost of an Upper GI Endoscopy? The private endoscopy cost will depend on whether you are an outpatient or day case patient, if treatment is performed, and your Ramsay hospital of choice. You will receive a formal quotation price following your consultation with one of our expert surgeons. This formal quote for your upper GI endoscopy will be valid for 60 days and includes unlimited aftercare. Ramsay is recognised by all major medical insurers. Upper GI endoscopy, or gastroscopy, is covered by most medical insurance policies. We advise you to obtain written authorisation from your insurance provider before starting your treatment. We offer various ways to pay for your upper GI endoscopy yourself. These include: Upper GI Endoscopy and Dilation Esophageal dilatation involves stretching the narrowed area of your esophagus as part of an upper GI endoscopy. An upper GI endoscopy and dilatation usually takes about a quarter of an hour. The endoscopist can perform a dilatation using a guidewire and dilators or a balloon dilator. Surgery for Upper GI Endoscopy at Ramsay Health Care UK You can rest assured that if you require an upper GI endoscopy to diagnose problems or treat your condition that our highly experienced and specialist surgeons routinely perform upper GI endoscopy procedures and surgery. We offer convenient consultation and procedure appointments without waiting. Many of the Ramsay hospitals have purpose-built endoscopy units that are dedicated to endoscopy services, have the latest equipment and have a JAG accreditation award for their high-quality GI endoscopy services. Patient safety is our primary concern and all of our hospitals follow strict protocols to control and prevent infection, including Covid 19. Get in touch
Wednesday, June 3, 2009 The Glucose Screening Hypoglycemia is characterized by a drop in blood glucose to a level where first it causes nervous system symptoms (sweating, palpitations, hunger, trembling, and anxiety), then begins to affect the brain (causing confusion, hallucinations, blurred vision, and sometimes even coma and death). An actual diagnosis of hypoglycemia requires satisfying the "Whipple triad." These three criteria include: Documented low glucose levels (less than 40 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L) often tested along with insulin levels and sometimes with C-Peptide levels) I tested 35. Symptoms of hypoglycemia Reversal of the symptoms when blood glucose levels are returned to normal. Primary hypoglycemia is rare and often diagnosed in infancy. People may have symptoms of hypoglycemia without really having low blood sugar. In such cases, dietary changes such as eating frequent small meals and several snacks a day and choosing complex carbohydrates over simple sugars may be enough to ease symptoms. Those with fasting hypoglycemia may require IV glucose if dietary measures are insufficient. I'll be talking to my Dr. later for more details, but it explains a lot...
Criminal law, as distinguished from civil law, is a system of laws concerned with punishment of individuals who commit crimes. Thus, where in a civil case two individuals dispute their rights, a criminal prosecution involves the government deciding whether to punish an individual for either an act or an omission. Showing 10 from 31 Items Sort by:
The Liz Library presents Irene Stuber's Women of Achievement January 1 Compiled and Written by Irene Stuber. The World's Population The First Woman Commercial Pilot QUOTES by Sandra Scoppettone and Abigail Lewis. Women and Children Suffer First In the six seconds it takes you to read this paragraph, 24 people will be added to the Earth's population. Before you've finished this note, that number will exceed 1,000. Within an hour... 12,000. By tonight... 270,000. Before you go to bed two nights from now, the net growth in human numbers will be enough to fill a city the size of San Francisco. It took four million years for humanity to reach the two billion mark, only 30 years to add a third billion. And now we're increasing by 100 million every single year. That's 183 NEW San Franciscos EVERY year... Do "they - those who oppose birth control" know what they're doing? They can't accept ONE San Francisco... and they're asking for 183 by next January? The Population Institute of the United Nations has pointed out that most of the increases are in overpopulated countries where children and women are always last in the food chain. Huge numbers of them will face increasing starvation, death, and wretched poverty. To illustrate the problem, the U.N. group compared Iowa and Bangladesh, which have about the same land area: 1996: Iowa 3 million; Bangladesh 128 million. 2026: Iowa 3.3 million; Bangladesh 356 million. Emily Howell Warner, the First Woman Commercial Pilot In January 1973, as a first officer for Frontier Airlines, Emily Howell Warner became the first woman to pilot a regularly scheduled plane. For years she had been training male commercial pilots to do the job women were forbidden to do. About six months later, Bonnie Tiburzi flew out of New York as the first woman pilot of a nationwide airline American Airlines. B. 01-01-1638, Antoinette du Ligier de la Garde Deshoulieres, French poet whose salon was a meeting place for the prominent figures of her day. B. 01-01-1752, Elizabeth (Betsy) Ross, U. S. Revolutionary War activist. Tradition has it she sewed and displayed the first America stars and stripes flag. Historians discount the legend but fail to take into account that some woman did make the first flag even if it wasn't BR. And BR did make flags for the Pennsylvania navy in 1777. B. 01-01-1767 Maria Edgeworth, English writer who influenced Sir Walter Scott and Jane Austen. Advocated women's education. Event 01-01-1772, Martha Skelton married Thomas Jefferson. She died many years before he became president and no known portrait of her exists nor any details of her life. B. 01-01-1839, Ouida, English novelist, known for her romances. B. 01-01-1880, Mieczyslawa Cwiklinska, outstanding Polish comic actor renowned for her roles in both operettas and stage plays. B. 01-01-1897, Catherine Bowen, biographer and novelist. She began to identify her occupation as "writer" instead of "housewife" only after two "Book of the Month" selections including the Yankee from Olympus, the renowned biography of Oliver Wendell Holmes. B. 01-01-1909, Peggy Dennis, American communist, authored Autobiography of an American Communist; A personal view of a political life, 1927-75. Event 01-01-1923, Aimee McPherson, opened the doors to her Angelus Temple in Los Angeles to the sound of trumpets. McPherson, one of the most famous evangelists of her day baptized 40,000 in her scandal-filled ministry in the temple which was topped with a rotating electric cross visible for 50 miles. B. 01-01-1936, Eve Queler, conductor and pianist. EQ founded the Opera Orchestra of New York to help young singers. She was the first American woman to conduct a major orchestra in Europe. Event Jan. 01, 1940, the first monthly benefit check of the new U.S. Social Security system was issued to Ida M. Fuller in the amount of $22.54. Event 01-01-1952, three cent U.S.postage stamp honoring Betsy Ross issued. Event 01-01-1990: In a ground-breaking precedent, Johns Hopkins and six other medical centers began a major four-year study of heart disease in post-menopausal women. ALL previous research on heart disease had focused ENTIRELY ON MEN. The new study showed that women's symptoms and needs are different from those of men, and most women suffering from heart disease continue to be misdiagnosed, usually because doctors don't take them seriously. "And like a bear emerging from its winter lair, the thought surfaces: my father verbally abuses my mother and always has. He puts her down. Sometimes it's blatant, often subtle. He never takes what she says seriously, barely listens. My insides feel webbed with live wires. At first I think it's anger at him, or empathy for her, but this doesn't last long. I can't evade the truth another moment. "As a teen, I colluded with him. I joined in the ridicule of my mother - all in fun, of course - and she accepted it as her due. Shame suffuses me as I acknowledge my culpability." -- Sandra Scoppettone in Everything You Have is Mine. "A woman's sense of time must be quite different from a man's. Her sense of continuity is internal and natural. "She connects directly to the source of time, and the moon that pulls the tides around the world also pulls the hormone tide within her; her months are marked off without need of calendar. "She carries her months, her years, her spring and winter within her." -- Abigail Lewis
The Liz Library presents Irene Stuber's Women of Achievement July 18 Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony near the end of their lives still working for woman's rights. Compiled and Written by Irene Stuber. Memories of the first women's rights convention QUOTES by Sappho and Lech Walesa. We Were A Procession... click on image to see enlarged detail The day the 19th Amendment (women's suffrage) was approved in 1920, a reporter sought out Mrs. Charlotte Woodward, then past 90, the only living person to remember those wonderful days in July of 1848 when the first ever Women's Rights Convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York... "I do clearly remember the wonderful beauty of the early morning when we dropped all our allotted tasks and climbed into the family wagon to drive over the rough roads to Seneca Falls. At first we traveled quite alone under the overhanging tree branches and wild vines, but before we had gone many miles we came on other wagon loads of women, bound in the same direction. As we reached different crossroads, we saw wagons coming from every part of the county, and long before we reached Seneca Falls we were a procession..." More than 300 women attended the conference from a time when a man could beat and imprison his wife without fear of legal retribution. . .in fact, would often be praised for keeping the shrew in line. But a few men also attended the second day. The first day was limited to women only. "Gentle ladies, you will remember till old age what we did together in our brilliant youth." -- Sappho, poet of ancient Greece. B. 07-18-1821, (Michelle Ferdinande) Pauline Viardot - French mezzo-soprano. PV is best-known for her outstanding success in highly dramatic operatic roles. She was the sister of renowned contralto Maria Malibran. PV was herself a composer of vocal music including opera. B. 07-18-1850, Rose Alnora Hartwick Thorpe - U.S. poet whose most famous poem "The Clapper Must Not Ring Tonight" was published and recited throughout the country, but because she didn't know to copyright it, she got almost no money from its repeated use. B. 07-18-1879, Rose Harriet Pastor Stokes - U.S. radical activist, was found guilty of interfering with military recruitment and sentenced to ten years in jail for writing the following line in a 1918 letter to the Kansas City Star: "I am for the people, while the Government is for the profiteers." Her conviction was overturned on appeal. B. 07-18-1902, Jessamyn West - U.S. novelist best known for the novel Friendly Persuasion (1945; film, 1956). The novels Cress Delahanty (1953) and A Matter of Time (1966) are not as recognized as persuasion but better explore the various crises in women's lives. B. 07-18-1907, Yvonne Desportes - French composer who won Grand Prix de Rome(1932) and made Chevalier of the National Order of Merit. B. 07-18-1910, Lupe Velez - U.S. actor. This early Hollywood motion picture star was known for her tempestuous off-screen behavior more than her film roles. B. 07-18-1925, Shirley Strickland de la Hunty - Australian athlete who won seven Olympic medals, including two0 golds in the 80-metre hurdles in 1952 and 1956 and another gold as a member of the relay team. She was a lecturer in physics and mathematics at the college level. B. 07-18-1935, Tenley Albright - U.S. figure skater who won the figure skating gold medal at the 1956 Olympics, won the world amateur figure skating championship 1953, and won the U.S. championships 1951-1956. Harvard Medical School required she retire from competition before she could attend classes. She received her M.D. 1961, and became a surgeon. TA had a mild form of polio when she was 11 and exercised to strengthen her body. In 1979 she became the first woman officer of the U.S. Olympic Committee. (Yep, 1979! There aren't all that many in 2000 either.) Event 07-18-1969: Mary Jo Kopechne drowns after a car driven by Senator Edward M. Kennedy plunges off the bridge at Chappaquiddick Island in Massachusetts. Cause of the accident and Kennedy's abandonment of Kopechne have never been satisfactorily explained. Ironically, for all his faults, Kennedy has probably been the staunchest defender and proponent of women's rights in the Congress. Event 07-18-1984: Geraldine A. Ferraro, Democratic former U.S. Representative from New York, becomes the first woman nominated for the Vice President of the United States by a major political party. "Women are to have fun with. In politics I prefer not to see a woman. Instead of getting all worked up, they should stay as they are - like flowers." -- Lech Walesa, in 1981, when he was president of Poland and abolished abortion and birth control, reduced child care facilities, and through his policies increased women's unemployment and the lowering of their salaries. He is known, historically, to have brought democracy to Poland.
Armed Rebellion in Mongolia in the Year 1932 Armed Rebellion in Mongolia in the Year 1932 Sergius Kuzmin, Jugdernamjilyn Oyuunchimeg Armed Rebellion in Mongolia in the Year 1932 Izdatel`stvo MBA Moskva, 2015, 212, + 28 pages The rebellion of 1932 was largest in the 20th Century Mongolia. What were causes behind it? Who supported the rebels and supplied them? Why the rebellion was suppressed? Study of formerly unknown Russian archives combined with formerly published and unpublished Mongolian materials allowed to answer these questions. Former conclusions that the 1932 uprising was a revolt of highest lamas and feudal lords, that Tibet used the Panchen Lama interfered in affairs of Mongolia, that the rebels were supported by the Japanese, and that the rebels were acting on instructions from abroad or received foreign help are not supported by facts and archival data. The documents show that they were forced to rely only on their own facilities. The "left course" of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) at the time, resulted from the export of socialism, which involved the CPSU(b) and the Comintern, caused the rebellion in defense of the Buddhist religion and the theocratic system. It resulted in the danger of loss of the state power by MPRP. As a result, the "left course" was replaced by the "new course", again on Joseph Stalin's instructions. The transition to a "new course" was accompanied by the suppression of the uprising. It was suppressed by Mongolian and not Soviet troops. At the same time, this would be impossible without the supply of weapons, ammunition and equipment, as well as direct involvement of military advisers from the Soviet Union. The rebellion was directed from abroad. On the opposite, its suppression was possible only with foreign aid. The book provides reconstruction of the rebellion and its suppression. It contains unique photographs, as well as copies of some Soviet archival documents.
Written by the Science of Psychotherapy The study of 80 undergraduate students found that manageable levels of anxiety actually aided people in being able to recall the details of events. It also found that when anxiety levels got too high or descended into fear, it could lead to the colouring of memories where people begin to associate otherwise neutral elements of an experience to the negative context. “People with high anxiety have to be careful,” said co-author Myra Fernandes, professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Waterloo. “To some degree, there is an optimal level of anxiety that is going to benefit your memory, but we know from other research that high levels of anxiety can cause people to reach a tipping point, which impacts their memories and performance.” The study saw 80 undergraduate students from the University of Waterloo (64 females) complete the experiment. Half of the participants were randomly assigned to a deep encoding instruction group while the other half were randomly assigned to a shallow encoding group. All participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. It was discovered that individuals high in anxiety showed a heightened sensitivity to the influences of emotional context on their memory, with neutral information becoming tainted, or coloured by the emotion with which it was associated during encoding. “By thinking about emotional events or by thinking about negative events this might put you in a negative mindset that can bias you or change the way you perceive your current environment,” said Christopher Lee, a psychology Ph. D. candidate at Waterloo. “So, I think for the general public it is important to be aware of what biases you might bring to the table or what particular mindset you might be viewing the world in and how that might ultimately shape what we walk away seeing.” Fernandes also said that for educators, it is important to be mindful that there could be individual factors that influence the retention of the material they are teaching and that lightening the mood when teaching could be beneficial. Keywords; anxiety, depression, memory Source: UofW
Sage Pearce-Higgins “Wouldn’t it be great if we had a theory of everything?” This sentiment is likely to be expressed by a theoretical physicist, whose area of science has been searching for some sort of ‘Unified Field Theory’ since Albert Einstein coined the term. The idea is to find some way of joining all the fundamental forces together with the fundamental particles to make a neat and simple formula that somehow explains the universe. ‘Superstring Theory’ has, for many years, been the best candidate for the task, despite its far-flung predictions and apparent un-testability. This was the subject of the engaging lecture given by Professor Brian Foster and violinist Jack Liebeck as a prelude to Liebeck and pianist Katya Apekisheva’s recital. Both the lecture and recital were based on Einstein and his connections with music. The link was somewhat tenuous — not much of ‘Superstring Theory’ has anything to do with music, and not much of the recital’s programme had much to do with Einstein — but it was inspiring to hear science joined with music. Einstein was, after all, a great aficionado of classical music and amateur musician himself. He recognised the subtle nature of understanding and the need for approaches other than that of science. Despite its undeniable success and contribution to the world’s prosperity, most modern science has been based on a strong general principle: to reduce in order to unify. In other words, if we look closely enough at the world around us, then we will see underlying similarities. The discovery that the universe is largely composed of a hundred or so chemical elements is a good example of this. Yet reductionism has its dangers: look at Freud’s destructive attempts to explain human behaviour by means of a few subconscious urges. If we zoom in too closely, we miss the big picture. Unfortunately, Liebeck and Apekisheva’s playing was infected with some of this harmful reductionism. Rarely have I heard two such excellent musicians play so well together at the level of single notes, yet so far apart in terms of larger shapes. The shorter phrases were integrated, but in terms of sound, colour and narrative structure, the players were in different worlds. Equally, when it came to the massively varied styles of the composers programmed — J. S. Bach, Brahms, Mozart, Dvorak and Bloch — it seemed that the performers were trying to play them all in a similar way. Heterogeneity is to be celebrated; in music this means different techniques and different sound worlds for different composers, especially if the programme stretches across three centuries. Both performers favoured a somewhat direct approach, avoiding the mystique that makes for the most engaging playing. This gave the Mozart a certain brutality, but it worked excellently for the Bloch. A composer of Jewish origin, Ernest Bloch often used Jewish motifs in his work, including the three-movement Baal Shem, which Liebeck and Apekisheva played with great energy and conviction. It was illuminating to hear in Brian Foster’s lecture that the elusive ‘Superstring Theory’ posits explanatory vibrating strings that are actually larger than the current fundamental particles (quarks and the like). In order to understand better, we often need to take a step back. Leave a Reply Similar posts
A Wicked War: Polk, Clay, Lincoln, and the 1846 U.S. Invasion of Mexico by Amy S. Greenberg Often forgotten and overlooked, the U.S.-Mexican War featured false starts, atrocities, and daring back-channel negotiations as it divided the nation, paved the way for the Civil War a generation later, and launched the career of Abraham Lincoln. Amy S. Greenberg’s skilled storytelling and rigorous scholarship bring this American war for empire to life with memorable characters, plotlines, and legacies. This definitive history of the 1846 conflict paints an intimate portrait of the major players and their world. It is a story of Indian fights, Manifest Destiny, secret military maneuvers, gunshot wounds, and political spin. Along the way it captures a young Lincoln mismatching his clothes, the lasting influence of the Founding Fathers, the birth of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and America’s first national antiwar movement. A key chapter in the creation of the United States, it is the story of a burgeoning nation and an unforgettable conflict that has shaped American history. (Paperback, 344 pages). 1 in stock
HinKhoj Dictionary English Bengali Dictionary \| ইংরেজি বাংলা অভিধান Definition of Impact • the striking of one body against another • a forceful consequence; a strong effect; "the book had an important impact on my thinking"; "the book packs a wallop" • influencing strongly; "they resented the impingement of American values on European culture" HinKhoj English Bengali Dictionary: Impact Impact - Meaning in Bengali. Impact definition, pronuniation, antonyms, synonyms and example sentences in Bengali. translation in Bengali for Impact with similar and opposite words. Impact ka bengali mein matalab, arth aur prayog Tags for the word Impact: Bengali meaning of Impact, What Impact means in Bengali, Impact meaning in Bengali, bengali mein Impact ka matlab, pronunciation, example sentences of Impact in Bengali language. Browse HinKhoj Bengali-English Dictionary by words Browse by English Alphabets Browse by Bengali Varnamala
Difference between revisions of "Azores" From Hitchwiki Jump to navigation Jump to search Line 34: Line 34: [[Category:Southern Europe]] [[Category:Southern Europe]] Revision as of 01:14, 22 July 2015 Flag of Azores Azores Language: Portuguese Capital: Ponta Delgada, Horta, Angra do Heroísmo Population: 247,000 Currency: Euro (€) Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Meet fellow hitchhikers on Trustroots <map lat="38.80887660753038" lng="-28.515961555785236" zoom="6" view="3" float="right" /> The Azores are a group of nine islands in the Atlantic Ocean and form an autonomous region of Portugal. They are located about 1,700 km west of mainland Portugal and are divided into three main groups: 1) the Western Azores, consisting of the islands of Flores and Corvo, 2) the Central Azores, consisting of the islands of Faial, Pico, São Jorge, Graciosa, and Terceira, and 3) the Eastern Azores, consisting of the islands of São Miguel and Santa Maria. The most populated island is São Miguel with the biggest city Ponta Delgada, while Faial and Terceira also have a comparably dense population. Hitchhiking is very easy and safe on the Azores. As there are not too many main roads, it is fairly easy to get a lift to where you want to go. Locals are extremely friendly and will many times bring you directly to your destination just to help you, even if they hadn't planned to go there. Speaking Portuguese obviously helps, but many people also speak English and are happy to "practice English", especially on São Miguel. Most towns are very small, so walking out of a town and waiting at main roads or bus stops (with few or no buses passing by) is a good option. The public transport system is not very well developed, especially when trying to get to natural sites outside of towns (e.g. Mount Pico on Pico island or Lagoa do Fogo on São Miguel). This means people in general are more willing to pick you up, although some might also try to convince you that a taxi is your only choice. It is quite common to get offered rides on the back of pick up trucks, so be prepared to get a little dirty. How to get there If you are really talented and lucky, you might get a ride on a private sailing boat from anywhere on the world, as the Azores are an extremely popular destination for sailors, coming from as far as Australia. If not, there is no other choice than flying in, which is possible from Europe and North America. There is a local monopoly for flights from SATA, the Azorean airline, so prices are quite high. The cheapest way to fly in is from mainland Portugal. There are no ferries from mainland Portugal to the Azores. Mind you, Sao Miguel is the most populated island, but to find a boat to Europe or North America, your best choice would be Faial (Horta) - where most of the sail boats stop while doing the crossing. Everyone is very relaxed in the Azores and it is easy to get into the marinas (they're not even locked during the day.) It is possible to hitch a boat! Travelling between islands You can either fly with SATA or take the ferry (atlânticoline between the different groups of islands or Transmaçor between Central Azores islands). While there are comparatively many flight connections, some ferry connections operate only once or twice a week, so booking ahead is quite important (as some connections are sometimes suddenly booked out). You should also keep in mind that cancellations of ferries and flights are very common due to unstable weather conditions, so if you have never booked a travel cancellation insurance, the Azores are maybe the place to try it first. Useful information Be prepared for extremely unstable weather conditions. Even in summer it rains very often, but quickly stops, too. Locals call their weather "four seasons in one day". If you are under 30 you can apply for a Cartão Jovem ("card for young people") at RIAC offices (they belong to the regional government). It costs 48€ to get this card, but afterwards any ferry ticket will cost you only 5€. So if you plan to visit the Western, Central, and Eastern group of the Azores, you can save a lot of money with this card. Get yourself informed about RIAC opening hours and local holidays (as there are quite many, sometimes even only for one municipality) to make sure you apply for this card (a ferry ticket e.g. from Flores to Faial would normally cost already 51€) (as of August 2012). If you bring your tent, you can camp easily along secondary roads or walking trails. There are usually some empty meadows where you can put your tent up. It remains unclear whether this is legal or not, but as long as you leave in the morning you're unlikely to get into trouble. To have a shower, go to public "swimming pools" in the Atlantic Ocean or to some beaches. They are marked in free tourist maps you get at tourist informations. At most of these places you can get a shower for free and use bathrooms etc. (e.g. at Varadouro on Faial). Flag of the Azores Islands of the Azores Western Group: FloresCorvo Central Group: FaialPicoSão JorgeGraciosaTerceira Eastern Group: São MiguelSanta Maria
Front cover of an adaptation of "The Adventure of the Creeping Man" for learners of English as a foreign language. "The Adventure of the Creeping Man" is a Sherlock Holmes short story with some science fiction and horror elements by the British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It first appeared in print in the March 1926 issue of The Strand magazine in the United Kingdom and in the March 1926 issue of Hearst's International Magazine in the United States. It would be republished in June 1927 as part of the anthology The Casebook of Sherlock Holmes. In the story, the brilliant consulting detective Sherlock Holmes is approached for help by a young man called Jack Bennett from the university town of Camford. Bennett is concerned about his employer and future father-in-law Professor Presbury. The professor's personality and behavior have suddenly changed. Bennett fears that Professor Presbury could become dangerous, as does the professor's daughter Edith. The changes in the professor's character have coincided with his dog, an Irish Wolfhound named Roy, taking a sudden violent dislike towards him. While Bennett is discussing the case with Holmes, Edith arrives. She says that she saw her father's face at her bedroom window the previous night. This is in spite of the fact that her bedroom is three floors up and cannot easily be accessed from the outside of the house. "The Adventure of the Creeping Man" has been adapted for radio and television. On Sunday September 6, 1903, Dr. Watson receives a note from the private detective Sherlock Holmes, his friend and former housemate, telling him to come over at once. Holmes begins telling Watson about his latest case when his client, Jack Bennett, arrives. Bennett is a man of about 30 years of age. He has a degree in medicine but now works as assistant and secretary to Professor Presbury of Camford. He shares a house with Professor Presbury and is engaged to the professor's daughter Edith. Both Jack Bennett and Edith are concerned about the strange changes which have recently come over the professor. Professor Presbury is a 61-year-old widower. He has recently become engaged to Alice Morphy, the 24-year-old daughter of one of his colleagues. Soon after getting engaged, for the first time in his life, Professor Presbury went away for two weeks without telling anybody where he was going. When he returned, he did not say anything about where he had been. The only clue to where the professor had been during that time is a letter that Bennet received from a friend in Prague, saying that he saw Professor Presbury there. It was after he returned from his travels that Professor Presbury's personality began to change. There was "something new, something sinister and unexpected" about him. He became "furtive and sly" and his relationship with his daughter rapidly worsened. Bennett, as Professor Presbury's secretary, had previously handled all of his correspondence. After his return from Prague, the professor told Bennett that he should not read or open any letters from London that would be distinguished by a cross under the stamp on the envelope. Bennett also noticed a wooden box, "one of those quaint carved things which one associates with Germany", which Professor Presbury appeared to have brought back from Prague. The professor kept the key to the box on his watch chain and kept the box in a cabinet. On July 2, while looking for something else in the cabinet, Bennett picked up the wooden box. This made Professor Presbury extremely angry and he accused Bennett of being excessively curious. Bennett explained that he had only touched the box by accident but the professor did not forgive him for the rest of the day. It was also on July 2 that Professor Presbury's dog, an Irish Wolfhound named Roy who had previously been well behaved and affectionate, attacked the professor for the first time. The dog attacked him again on July 11 and July 20. After the third attack, the dog was banished from the house and kept chained up in the stable. Two nights earlier, on September 4, Bennett was awoken late at night by a noise. When he opened his bedroom door, Bennett saw Professor Presbury walking on all fours. When Bennett asked the professor if he could help, Presbury suddenly stood up, shouted and swore at Bennett, went downstairs and did not return to his bedroom until after dawn. Edith Presbury arrives at Sherlock Holmes' apartment. She says that her father now "lives in a strange dream" and that he cannot remember what he has done on certain days. She says that the previous day, September 5, was such a day. That night, Edith saw her father at her bedroom window. Even though her bedroom is on the second floor[1] and cannot easily be reached from the outside of the house, Edith is certain that she did not imagine it. Professor Presbury tried unsuccessfully to open Edith's window. In the morning, he said nothing about the incident but was "sharp and fierce in manner". The frightened Edith was able to get out of the house and come to London on some pretext. Sherlock Holmes asks to borrow Bennett's notebook, which has details of incidents involving Professor Presbury's strange behavior and the dates on which they happened. Holmes says that he and Watson should go to Camford as soon as possible. Taking advantage of the professor being unable to remember what he has done on certain days, Holmes says that he and Watson should claim that they made an appointment to see him on one of those days. The following day, Holmes and Watson are in Camford. Having consulted Bennett's notebook, Holmes claims that he and Watson made an appointment to see Professor Presbury on August 26 and they are admitted into the professor's house. Holmes tells the professor that someone contacted him and said that Professor Presbury may need his services. The professor demands to know who contacted him but Holmes refuses to say. When the professor asks, "I presume that you do not go so far as to assert that I summoned you?" Holmes neither confirms nor denies this. Professor Presbury rings a bell and summons Bennett. The professor asks if he wrote any letters to Holmes. Bennett is able to honestly answer that the professor did not write to the detective. Holmes apologizes for the intrusion and he and Watson get up to leave. The professor, however, does not accept Holmes' apology. He stops Holmes and Watson from getting to the door, shouts and raises his fists. Bennett is only able to calm the professor down by telling him of the scandal that would occur if he attacked the famous Sherlock Holmes. As Holmes and Watson are leaving the grounds of the professor's house, Bennett runs up to them to apologize and say that he has never seen the professor in a more dangerous or sinister mood. Bennett says that he has found out that the man who has been writing to Professor Presbury from London is named Dorak. Holmes comments that Dorak is probably an Eastern European name. Bennett shows Holmes and Watson Edith's bedroom window. Holmes notices an ivy vine and a water pipe near the window but comments that it would be extremely difficult for an ordinary man to climb up to it. Holmes reassures Bennett that there are not likely to be any more major incidents involving the professor until the Tuesday of the following week. Fortunately, Edith Presbury is able to extend her stay in London for her own safety. Holmes sends a telegram to one of his informants in London. He receives a reply which says that there is a general store in the Commercial Road run by a man named Dorak from Bohemia. Holmes connects Dorak's nationality to Professor Presbury's trip to Prague. From Bennett's notebook, Holmes has learned that most major incidents involving the professor have occurred at nine day intervals. Holmes concludes that the professor must be taking a drug which alters his personality every nine days. He began taking the drug in Prague and it is now being supplied to him by the Bohemian Dorak. On Tuesday of the following week, Holmes and Watson return to Camford. Bennett tells them that a package from Dorak arrived for the professor that morning. At night, Holmes, Watson and Bennett observe Professor Presbury's house. Eventually, the professor comes outside, walking on all fours. He begins to climb up the ivy on the outside wall of his house. He then goes over to the chained up dog Roy, who is already angry and barking loudly. The professor tries to make the dog angrier by poking it with a stick and throwing pebbles at it. Although its chain does not break, the dog manages to get free because its collar is designed for a much larger animal. It savagely attacks the professor, biting him in the neck. Watson and Bennett treat the professor. Although he is seriously injured, he will live. Having taken the key from Professor Presbury's watch chain, Holmes opens the professor's carved wooden box. It contains two small bottles, one empty and the other almost full, a hypodermic syringe and letters from Dorak. The letters are mostly receipts for money which the professor sent or notes saying that another bottle of serum has been sent. There is also a letter, postmarked Prague, from H. Lowenstein. Watson remembers that there was a scientist named Lowenstein of Prague who carried out investigations related to the prolonging of life and the regaining of lost youth. He developed a serum which had some remarkable effects but was shunned by the scientific community after he refused to reveal what was in it. In his letter to Presbury, Lowenstein says that the serum is made from a Himalayan monkey called a langur, which Lowenstein describes as a "crawler and creeper". Lowenstein says that he can understand Presbury's reasons for wanting to take the serum but warns that it has side effects. After having become engaged to a much younger woman, Professor Presbury wanted to regain his lost youth. The serum which he took had the side effect of making him take on the characteristics of a monkey. Due to its advanced sense of smell, the dog Roy was the first one to notice this change and, "it was the monkey, not the professor whom Roy attacked." Holmes says that he will write to Lowenstein and say that he holds him criminally responsible for the "poisons which he circulates." A langur in Pench National Park, India. The sixth episode of The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes, the third Granada TV Sherlock Holmes series starring Jeremy Brett, is a loose adaptation of "The Adventure of the Creeping Man". It was first shown on the ITV network in the United Kingdom on March 28, 1991. In the episode, Edith Presbury does not see her father's face at her bedroom window. She simply sees the silhouette of a man there. Bennett contacts Sherlock Holmes not because he is worried about Professor Presbury's behavior but because he is worried about the prowler which Edith might have seen. It is only in the episode's climax, shortly before its end, that Professor Presbury and the "creeping man" are revealed to be one and the same. Unlike in the original short story, Professor Presbury is a knowing accomplice in a crime. The serum which he takes is made by Dorak from parts taken from monkeys and apes that have been stolen from zoos across Britain. A largely faithful radio adaptation, starring Clive Merrison as Holmes and Michael Williams as Watson, first aired on BBC Radio 4 in the United kingdom on March 1, 1996. In the adaptation, all references to the fictional university town of Camford are replaced by ones to the real university town of Cambridge. In the 1974 Sherlock Holmes novel The Seven Per-Cent Solution by the American author Nicholas Meyer, Dr. Watson dismisses "The Adventure of the Creeping Man" as "drivel" and denies having written it. he claims that it is one of four Sherlock Holmes stories, the other three being "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane", "The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone" and "The Adventure of the Three Gables", which are complete forgeries. See also 1. The "second floor" in British English refers to what is known as the "third floor' in American English. What is called the "first floor" in American English is called the "ground floor" in British English. External links
An ice dam is a ridge of ice that forms at the eave or valley of a roof preventing proper drainage. This occurs when snow melts and slides to cooler portions of the roof and quickly refreezes creating the barrier or dam. The risk arises if additional melting occurs and water pools behind the dam. Costly damage may occur if the sitting water seeps between the shingle layers, wetting the roof deck and leaking into the home below. Visible signs of damage may include dislodged roof shingles, water-stained ceilings, peeling paint, damaged plaster, etc. As other damage may not be as obvious, such as wet attic insulation, water within the wall frames or mold, any instance of ice damming should be investigated to avoid long-term structural and health issues. The most common cause of ice damming is insufficient attic insulation and/or ventilation.To avoid this, the goal is to keep the attic very close to the outdoor temperature. Proper insulation will minimize excessive heat from escaping into the attic and through the roof. And adequate ventilation will quickly remove any warm air that might build up to help maintain a more uniform temperature. Consider the following helpful tips as you prepare for the winter ahead. Inspect your insulation for gaps, cracks or areas that have settled, been compressed, gotten wet or have otherwise been compromised. Replace uninsulated ceiling (can) lights with those marked IC (the letters indicate the light is safe for direct insulation contact). Then insulate around and over the lights. Doors leading to unheated spaces should be addressed and trimmed as if they were outside doors, complete with saddles and weatherstripping. If your home has heating ducts that run through the attic, inspect them for leaks or improper insulation. Small air leaks from wall cavities into the attic should be sealed by a weatherization contractor. This will minimize the amount of heat that escapes into the attic and may save money on utility bills. Ensure that bathroom and kitchen exhaust ducts are vented to the outside. Otherwise warm and/or moist air can blow into the attic leading to warm spots and possibly reducing the effectiveness of the rest of the attic’s insulation. Attic Ventilation Clear existing gable or ridge vents of insulation, dust, vines, leaves or other debris. Soffit vents, which draw cool air into the attic through the eaves, should also be cleared of debris. The recommended minimum ventilation is one square foot for every 150 square feet of attic floor area. Ensure that there is at least one and one-half inch of space between the insulation and the roof inside the attic at the eaves to create a clear air path for improved circulation. Finally, it is essential that you make sure gutters and downspouts are free of debris so melting water flows down and away from the house. Together, these tips will help to minimize your home’s risk of ice damming. If you have any questions about ice damming or other home-related items, please let me know at Tim Burch is a Vice President of BOWA, an award-winning design and construction firm specializing in renovations ranging from master suites and kitchens to whole-house remodels. A Northern Virginia native, Tim focuses on clients in the Loudoun and Fauquier County areas and enjoys calling on his 30 years of design build experience to solve their home-related challenges. A third-generation builder and certified remodeler, Tim is the Construction Advisor for The Mosby Heritage Area Association and sits on the Board of Building Appeals for Fauquier County. Prior to joining BOWA, he was the Lead Project Manager of Construction for the Emmy Award winning construction reality television show, Extreme Makeover Home Edition on ABC Television. For more information on Tim and the BOWA team, visit or call 703-734-9050
World War II James A. Kane World War II Oral History Interview US Army, 102nd Cavalry Regiment Date: July 23, 2001 Interviewer: Michelle Carrara Summarizer: Irving Bauman Veterans History Project James A. Kane was born in South Plainfield, New Jersey in August, 1916. In April 1936, when he was employed by Merck & Company’s Purchasing Department at the company’s Rahway, New Jersey offices, a co-worker urged Kane to join the New Jersey National Guard’s 102nd Cavalry Regiment. The co-worker made the point that membership in the cavalry outfit, which had an armory at Westfield, New Jersey, would provide an opportunity to ride horses and impress girls. Kane’s friend referred to the unit as “a poor man’s riding club.” Once troopers reached the noncommissioned rank of corporal, they, and their guests, were allowed to ride unit horses for pleasure along the Plainfield Riding Club trails on weekends. Kane found he enjoyed riding and soon joined the gymkhana [a riding sport with events that require skills useful for a cavalryman] and trick riding teams. James A. Kane, Right The 102nd conducted annual training exercises at Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania and Canton, New York while Kane was a member of the unit prior to World War II. National Guard training included dismounted marksmanship with the Model 1903 Springfield .30 caliber bolt action rifle and mounted marksmanship with the 1911A1 .45 automatic pistol, which was fired at targets while riding at a canter. Kane recalled that the Canton training area was poorly sited in a marshy area, and that rain turned the regiment’s campground into a sea of mud. The troopers of the 102nd, under the direction of regular army engineers, had to cut down trees and lumber to build a corduroy road in order to move supplies in through the muck. The 102nd was federalized in early 1941 for one year’s service and assigned for further training to Fort Jackson, South Carolina. Kane liked South Carolina and remembered the people as being friendly to soldiers, who they took into their homes as guests during brief weekend leave periods. He was staying with a family for a weekend after some maneuvers in North Carolina when he heard over the radio about the attack on Pearl Harbor. His host said that he thought Kane and his comrades were now “in for the duration” and broke out some whiskey for a good luck toast. By the end of 1941 the 102nd had exchanged its horses for jeeps, armored cars and light tanks, but remained a cavalry unit designed for a reconnaissance role in combat. The regiment left for England in 1942, and Kane shipped out on the Dempo, a Dutch ship under British control. He had no preconceived ideas of what would happen, but looked on the war as “a great big adventure.” The Dempo was armed with a deck gun, and men from the 102nd were trained to assist the British gun crew. The Dempo made port at the Mersey River docks in Liverpool. The 102nd’s advance party boarded trains for the Cotswolds, a rural area of gently rolling hills and quaint villages, where they established camp on an estate. The rest of the regiment eventually joined them. The enlisted men lived in Quonset huts erected on the estate, and the officers resided in the manor house. Some of the officers, in imitation of their British peers, made “swagger sticks” by disassembling .30 caliber cartridges and joining case and bullet with a foot long dowel. Since the 102nd was short of all sorts of equipment, Kane said, initial training was limited to long hikes through the Cotswold Hills. As new equipment arrived, the men began to familiarize themselves with light tanks [M-5 “Stuarts”] and 75-millimeter Assault Guns. Kane recalled that many of the men of the 102nd, used to being in a mounted unit, were unfamiliar with the new vehicles they were issued, and that they needed truck driving instruction in addition to tank driving instruction. He said that the light tanks issued to the unit had radial engines, which required a lot of up and down shifting, and the inexperienced drivers from the 102nd ruined a few transmissions during their familiarization training. The training area around the regimental camp was not large, and tanks driving on the narrow roads winding through the old villages of the Cotswolds often clipped the corners off houses, which were built out to the curbs. Kane was assigned to the assault gun troop, which made a road march to Oak Hampton, a British army artillery range in the southwest of England. The assault guns were artillery pieces mounted on tank chassis. The men of the 102nd had received no training on these weapons in the US and were limited to line of sight shooting. Eventually an artillery officer was attached to the unit to teach the cavalrymen how to fire the guns properly and adjust their fire in indirect fire situations. Eventually Kane got good enough with his gun to hit a moving target, which he destroyed, ending practice for the day, as there were no other targets available. The assault gun vehicles were also armed with .50 caliber machine guns for antiaircraft defense. Target practice with these weapons involved shooting at a long sleeve towed by an airplane. On one occasion an officer from the 102nd shot down the tow plane by accident. As the invasion of Europe approached, the Jersey Guardsmen were moved to other camps, ending up at Exeter in a World War I era British army camp. During this period General Dwight D. Eisenhower visited the unit. Kane remembered Eisenhower as a “great guy” who “instilled a lot of confidence” in the troops. Life in England was not all training exercises. While awaiting the inevitable invasion of France, the men of the 102nd had the opportunity to see several USO shows, including performances from such top name entertainers of the era as Bob Hope, Jerry Colonna and Frances Langford. The Red Cross provided soldiers with coffee and donuts as well. The 102nd was reorganized while it was in England. One squadron was detached and sent to North Africa, where it was eventually re-designated as the 117th Cavalry Squadron. The remaining two squadrons of the 102nd were re-designated as the 102nd Cavalry Group, and the Thirty-eighth Cavalry Squadron, composed mostly of Midwestern soldiers, was attached to the 102nd to replace the 117th. A number of officers and non-commissioned officers, including Sergeant Kane, were transferred to the Thirty-eighth, where Kane became a first sergeant. Prior to the Normandy invasion the 102nd Cavalry Group joined the massive force concentrating in the south of England. Sergeant Kane recalled that soldiers and vehicles were packed in fields and yards as far as he could see, and that roads were choked with bumper to bumper vehicles. The Thirty-eighth boarded a troop transport a week before D-Day, joining hundreds of vessels in the English Channel, and landed in France on D-Day+2. Kane remembered that there was random artillery firing, but that the beachhead had been secured. The squadron moved inland quickly, where it deployed in combat formation, with space between vehicles. Over the next few days the unit passed Malcolm Forbes’ estate, Balleroy, but “no one was home.” The Thirty-eighth’s first real combat was the St. Lo Breakout, in late July 1944. Kane recalled that A Troop of the Thirty-eighth was badly hit around 4:30 or 5:00 PM of the first day’s fighting [July 25?] and had to be replaced by A Troop of the 102nd in the line. He remembered the Germans as “good soldiers, well trained, and with terrific equipment.” He noted that the German eighty-eight millimeter artillery piece, which was used as an anti-tank, anti-personnel and anti-aircraft weapon, was superior to any similar gun fielded by the American army. He remembered seeing, from his vantage on the side of a road, a high velocity eighty-eight round pass by like a “streak of lightning” to hit and totally destroy an American jeep. German Tiger tanks were equipped with “eighty-eights” and were much more formidable than the American tanks. From the date of its initial enemy contact, the 102nd Cavalry Group spent ninety-two consecutive days on the front line. As a cavalry unit, its job was to screen the V Corps flanks and front and keep in contact with the enemy, capturing prisoners so that higher headquarters could determine the enemy order of battle. Kane described cavalry action as “hit and run” tactics. The Thirty-eighth crossed the Marne River on a pontoon bridge one moonlit night and drove up the slope on the opposite side of the river. As the Americans crested the hill, Kane looked to one side and saw a haunting scene, row upon row of white crosses – an American military cemetery from World War I. “And here we are again,” he thought. At some point after Normandy, the Model 1911A1 .45 caliber pistols the men of the 102nd had been issued as cavalrymen were recalled, leaving them with only their rifles and carbines. Kane liked his .45 and was fortunate to find a packet of equipment parachuted to the resistance in Belgium but not recovered by them that included a Model 1911A1. He took it and would carry it for the rest of the war. By December 1944 the Thirty-eighth was holding the front line in hilly terrain at Monchau, when the Germans launched the massive offensive that resulted in the Battle of the Bulge. Kane recalled the fighting during the Bulge as “one of the toughest times in the war.” The Thirty-eighth received emergency replacements from the Air Corps, who had to get a quick training session on firing tank guns. Some of these inexperienced men did not last long in combat. The cavalry held on until the American counteroffensive eventually routed the Germans, capturing thousands of them in fights like that for the Colmar Pocket. Sergeant Kane was fortunate to have a radio operator who spoke fluent German, a source of instant intelligence from captured German soldiers. Kane thought that injured American soldiers got much better medical care than the Germans, who did not, at least at this stage of the war, appear to provide much care for their wounded. The Americans also usually had enough food. Units had a number of small Coleman stoves for individual cooking, but field kitchens usually kept up with the advance. He noted that some Iowa farm boys in the Thirty-eighth were expert butchers, and that cows and horses killed by artillery fire often ended up on the squadron menu. Kane recalled that cold weather clothing supplies were mostly adequate, although some soldiers suffered frostbite as the squadron slid forward over icy winter roads. He remembered morale during the Bulge as being quite high, despite the Germans and the weather, although he did note that two or three soldiers, desperate to get out of combat, suffered self-inflicted wounds. The 102nd Cavalry Group ended the war in Czechoslovakia, camped in a field near a stream outside a small town near Pilsen, famed for its Pilsener beer. The soldiers shared their food with the local Czech population and raided a former German supply dump in Pilsen for tents and other equipment. Kane and his comrades also acquired wood from a local lumberyard to build a bridge across the stream and boxes to send home their souvenirs. They wrapped telephone wire, which was readily available, around the boxes to insure they were not tampered with. While in Czechoslovakia, Kane had a reunion with his brother, who was serving in a nearby engineer unit. First Sergeant Kane, who had shipped out to England with the 102nd, had more “points” towards his discharge than most members of the Thirty-eighth, which had joined the 102nd when it was in England. He left the squadron behind, traveling by train to Marseilles, France, carrying his clothing, along with the .45 caliber 1911A1 pistol he had found in the Belgian forest, securely wrapped up in his poncho. His trip home from France, via a B-17 bomber converted to carry personnel, took him over the Mediterranean to Gibraltar, then across the Atlantic to the Azores, Bermuda, and Washington, D.C. He took a train from Washington to Ft. Dix, where his wife and father picked him and some buddies up. His father bought them all a round of beers. When he thinks back now on the war, James Kane still feels badly about the men he served with who did not make it home, but reflects that the old 102nd Cavalry, New Jersey National Guard, was a good outfit to go to war with if one had to go. He expressed a wish that there should be more organizations around like the old 102nd of the 1930s, with the horses, rifle matches and polo games that made the unit not only a military organization, but a “great club.” He still visits his surviving old buddies, and attends reunions of the 102nd. James A. Kane passed away on December 16, 2013

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