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England Permanently Loses Control Over Calais 1838 François-Édouard Picot - The Siege of Calais Today on January 7, 1558, English soldiers swiftly surrender after the Siege of Calais, ending their control over this critical city. The Siege of Calais (1558) was a remarkably short, but effective siege. It resulted in the important coastal city of Calais returning to French control. England had occupied it for more than 150 years since the onset of the Hundred Years’ War. On August 3, 1347, France finally surrendered Calais to Edward III of England after a 13-month siege. Located in northern France, Calais is the closest port city to Britain from the English Channel. In fact, on a calm day, you can see the White Cliffs of Dover from Calais. The town held significant strategic value, as the English often used it for staging an attack on France and other countries in continental Europe. Calais was both tactically, and symbolically, essential to the Kingdom of England. The challenge was that Calais did not have any natural defensive qualities. As a result, the English garrison heavily relied on fortification building to defend it. The city also carried symbolic meaning for France as well. It represented that last major territorial holding still under control of its archrival. So in 1557, King Henry II of France began planning and preparing to recapture the city with great secrecy. The French commander, Francis (Duke of Guise), assembled an impressive army of 30,000 infantry and cavalry. He boldly marched north in the middle of the winter to launch a surprise attack the English. On January 2, the French vanguard captured Fort Risban, also known as Lancaster Tower. The outpost tower was a much smaller defensive structure located across the harbor surrounding Calais. The French installed their artillery in the fort and planned to bombard the city into submission. The English Governor, Lord Wentworth, was overwhelmed by the sudden attack and surrendered five days later. The French gained control over 300 guns and three months’ worth of food and supplies. The Siege of Calais was a national embarrassment. Throughout England, there was widespread shock and disbelief at the sudden loss of the city. It effectively marked the end of England’s physical presence in continental Europe, as they would never again recapture it. Fact check! We strive to provide the most accurate information. Please contact us if you spot any errors or misrepresentations. Similar Topics English Playwright William Shakespeare Born In Stratford Today on April 23, 1564, one of the world's most famous playwrights, William Shakespeare, was born — to be, or not to be, that is the question. English playwr The Massive Spanish Armada Departs From Lisbon Today on May 28, 1588, the massive Spanish Armada departs from Lisbon on a mission to conquer England. The Spanish Armada is one of the most famous planned nava Anne Boleyn Is Beheaded At The Tower of London Today on May 19, 1536, Anne Boleyn met her dreadful fate at the Tower of London. Anne Boleyn was the second wife of King Henry VIII, one of England’s most not
September 10, 2019 1 min read Low concentrations of metal elements are essential for plant growth- a necessity that is accompanied by an ironic setback in which excessive amounts of these same elements in the soil can result in toxicity. Heavy metal toxicity has many detrimental effects on plant growth and senescence processes by modifying, disrupting, displacing, or blocking functions of biological systems. Everyday compost from a variety of sources can be contaminated with such “heavy metals”. High levels of caution should be exercised when using local composts, mined nutrients, and soil amendments as they are often the originating sources of “heavy metals”, and thus should only be utilized with a full understanding of their chemical composition. Fortunately, plants have some of their own mechanisms in place to increase resistance to toxicity- examples include storing toxins in the vacuole or transforming toxins into physiologically tolerant forms. How you ask? Glutathione (GSH), a small intracellular thiol molecule present in many plants and fungi, acts as a precursor of phytochelatins, and is a strong non-enzymatic antioxidant that helps in the chelating and thus transformation of toxic metals/metalloids. This is where Trichoderma fungicome in as a crucial aid agent. Trichoderma fungi help plants enhance tolerance to abiotic stresses such as heavy metal contaminations by boosting glutathione synthesis in plants. An 8 oz pouch of Mikrobs contains over 300 million Trichoderma spores. The highest quality Trichoderma strains included in Mikrobs can help you grow robust plants even in the harshest conditions.
Surviving Mars Guide – Probe Landing, Threats, Building, How To Sustain (Beginners Tips And Tricks) Our Surviving Mars Guide will cover all the ins and outs of surviving Mars in the newest simulation video game by Haemimont Games. These Tips and Strategies will delve into the core mechanics of the game and how each system on the Red planet works. Surviving Mars Guide The basic goal of the game is to establish a colony on Mars and sustaining it by refueling resources and supplies. This is carried out by sending probes to scan areas and collect materials and minerals. The materials you obtained will then be used in ways which you will decide and which in turn will determine how well you sustain your colony on Mars. Below, we have Surviving Mars Guide to explain the features and systems of Surviving Mars. Landing your Probe First things first, choosing where to land initially on Mars is vital as it will determine how you fare in your play-through of the game. Some things which you can keep in mind to ensure an area with higher resources and minerals are given below: The average altitude of a region is key to how wind turbines work. Being most efficient at high altitudes, you may want to choose a spot higher up for maximum output from these machines. The mean temperature of a region may indicate as to how much of that region will be frozen and whether water resources may be scarce or abundant. A high mean temperature may lead to evaporation of water resources so you may want to avoid that. Topographical features of the land determine how well you can craft and build structures in that region. A rugged landscape may prove to be harder to colonize than a smoother one. Other features like cliff and mountains also play a hand in colonization of that region. Always land to a region with higher chances of resource availability. The more the bars are filled, the more your chances of obtaining metals, water and whatnot. Also, avoid places with a higher threat level to ensure a better and safer colonization attempt. Dust storms, meteors, cold waves and other disasters are always looming right around the corner so check up on those bars and head to the region with the smallest one. Speaking of disasters and threats, how they affect your productivity and progress is detailed below. Threats and their Effects Hard to precisely predict when and where they will hit, Dust Devils are a threat like none other. These are giant tornadoes which will severely damage or even destroy equipment of your base on Mars. They disappear on their own after a while. Dust Storms will decrease visibility of map by covering everything in clouds of sand. Outdoor facilities will require maintenance while solar panels will become less effective at their output. Water Vaparators and MOXIES will be unable to work. The only good thing to come out of this, though, will be that Wind Turbines will start working more efficiently. Meteors on Mars at least can be predicted beforehand. The region to be hit by one is highlighted as a warning right before impact. Meteors will damage equipment on first impact. On second impact, they will destroy the structures. Cold Waves will freeze everything on the map including water tower. This will prompt you to increase power output and heat or thermal production to eliminate effects of these cold waves. Sustaining and Building the Colony Okay so here some things you need to establish a colony that thrives and flourishes. Start by building a primary source of power generator. We recommend solar panels which will help you generate power at a steady rate. For collecting and using water resources, use Water Extractors. You can choose up to 6 of these in a given area. Place them on the source of water and connect it to the tanker of water. Next comes growing food resources including botanic life. Factories and industries are established to provide the optimum conditions and stimuli for growth and sustenance of these plants. As for the Founders, the population of human beings on Mars, domes are used along with sufficient energy and oxygen supplies inside. The basic dome which you get towards the beginning of the game is not really useful since it can only cover a small area and so a small number of these Founders can be settled in a given time. We advise you to engineer a medium dome or better for more effective results. Note that you can always salvage any unwanted infrastructures to recover the resources back. Domes and factories can be upgrading with the help of ‘Robotics’ and ‘Engineering’ options in-game in the ‘Research’ tab. Remember, even after acquiring the upgrades, you’ll still have to manually attach these updates to your desired factory or dome etc. When it comes to exploration and space travel, your rockets need to be at their best. Setting up a Fuel Refinery will ensure that rockets are never running empty on fuel. The ‘Machine Parts’ factory will help you upgrade these rockets with better machinery and support to maximize effectiveness and progression. Moreover, this will also help you increase the capacity of your rocket to transport more cargo and resources back to Earth. Placing Universal depots will help you save up on storage space. The RC Rover is useful in speeding up research and reach breakthroughs which further improve your chances of sustaining your colony. Sponsors and Commanders play an important role at the start of each level. Each come with their own unique perks and budget responsible for your research and colonization. For a more detailed guide on Sponsors and Commanders, you can check out the linked page. This is all we have in our Surviving Mars Guide. If there is anything else that you would like to add, let us know in the comments section below! Contributor at SegmentNext.
Meaning and importance of agriculture What is Agriculture? Agriculture means all the activities involved in rearing of animals and cultivation of crops for man’s and the nation’s benefits. The word agriculture was derived from two Latin words which are ‘agar’ and ‘culture’ meaning ‘land’ and ‘cultivation’. Agriculture is the science and art of cultivating plants and livestock.Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surplusesthat enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture in the twentieth century came to dominate agricultural output, though about 2 billion people still depended on subsistence agricultureinto the twenty-first. Modern agronomy, plant breeding, agrochemicals such as pesticides andfertilizers, and technological developments have sharply increased yields, while causing widespread ecological and environmental damage. Selective breedingand modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare and environmental damage. Environmental issues include contributions to global warming, depletion of aquifers, deforestation, antibiotic resistance, and growth hormonesin industrial meat production. Genetically modified organisms are widely used, although some are banned in certain countries. The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuelsand raw materials (such as rubber). Food classes include cereals (grains),vegetables, fruits, oils, meat, milk, fungi and eggs. Over one-third of the world’s workers are employed in agriculture, second only to the service sector, although the number of agricultural workers in developed countries has decreased significantly over the centuries. Branches of Agriculture There are seven different branches of agriculture by industry, these include • Aqua farming • Farming • Apiculture (Beekeeping) • Forestry • Fishing • Ranching • Whaling Aquaculture: Aquaculture, also known as aqua farming, is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants. Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish. Broadly speaking, finfish and shellfish fisheries can be conceptualised as akin to hunting and gathering while aquaculture is akin to agriculture. Mariculture refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments and in underwater habitats. Farming: Farming is the growing of crops or keeping of animals by people for food and raw materials. Farming is a part of agriculture. Forestry: Forestry is the science, art, and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving, and repairing forests and associated resources, in a sustainable manner, to meet desired goals, needs, and values for human benefit.Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands.The challenge of forestry is to create systems that are socially accepted while sustaining the resource and any other resources that might be affected.The forest science has elements that belong to the biological, physical, social, political and managerial sciences Fishery: Generally, a fishery is an entity engaged in raising or harvesting fish which is determined by some authority to be a fishery.A fishery is typically defined in terms of the “people involved, species or types of fish, area of water or seabed, method of fishing, class of boats, purpose of the activities or a combination of the foregoing features”. The definition often includes a combination of fish and fishers in a region, the latter fishing for similar species with similar gear types. A fishery may involve the capture of wild fish or raising fish through fish farming or aquaculture. Ranching: Ranching is the practice of raising herds of animals on large tracts of land. Ranchers commonly raise grazing animals such as cattle and sheep. Some ranchers also raise elk, bison, ostriches, emus, and alpacas. The ranching and livestock industry is growing faster than any other agricultural sector in the world. Whaling: Whaling is the hunting of whales primarily for meat, oil, and blubber. Its earliest forms date to at least circa 3000 BC. Importance of Agriculture To Man The three major importance of agriculture to man are • Food • Clothing • Shelter Importance Of Agriculture To Nation • Provision of raw materials for agro-allied industries • Employment or job opportunity • Foreign exchange Earning • Source of income • Provision of market for industrial goods Leave a Reply
How good are you at nonverbal communication? Nonverbal gestures -- The Hot Mess Press In a previous post I underscored the importance of learning eye language in this time when we all go about our daily tasks wearing masks. However, nonverbal communication and understanding body language have also become essential if we cannot read the language of facial expressions. Most importantly, we should not only learn how to read the body language of others. Remember, other people will also study you to get more clues than those reflected in your eyes. Woman eyes only How good are you at reading eye language? Image Credit: Your body language allows nonverbal communication. It involves the way we react, look, move and listen. People will look for how well you listen, whether you care, and whether you are truthful. Therefore, if your words do not match the signals you communicate nonverbally, others may be confused enough to mistrust you. Similarly, such confusion could cause tension, often unjustified. The different roles of body language in nonverbal communication You can accentuate the importance of your verbal communication by pounding your fist on the table. Similarly, repetition can strengthen your message. However, if you are not careful, your body language can contradict your verbal statements. A mere look could substitute verbal communication, but you must know when and how to use such a substitution. You could use nonverbal actions to complement your spoken words. For example, praising an employee might seem more sincere if you complement it with a pat on the back. Nonverbal frustrated man Aggression can be communicated nonverbally Image Credit: UiHere Understanding how body language can improve nonverbal communication Up to the beginning of the COVID 19 pandemic, our facial expressions spoke a universal language. Regardless of where in the world you are, anger, sadness, disgust, fear, surprise and happiness are evident in facial expressions. However, we can no longer rely on facial expressions’ cues, but here are some tips for using body language to communicate nonverbally. Eye Language Emoji A perfect image of eyes communicating without the need for words Eye language is more essential now than ever How you look at another person can show interest, hostility, attraction or affection. Similarly, you can gauge the other person’s response and interest by maintaining eye contact. Man gesture OK The OK hand gesture is offensive in some non-English speaking countries Image Credit: UiHere Gestures are not a universal language We use gestures throughout our lives, often without even thinking about it. For example, we point, wave and beckon. Similarly, we use our hands in animated speech or arguments. However, gestures are not as universal as facial expressions. For example, throughout English-speaking countries, people use the “OK’ hand signal, but in some countries, it is an offensive gesture. If you use it in countries like Germany, Brazil and Russia, your innocent “OK” gesture might cause misinterpretation. Man in hoody Body posture can say a lot Mind your posture and body movement How people hold their heads and how they stand, walk or sit affects your perception of them. In like manner, other people perceive you by watching your posture, body movement and any of your subtle signs. Those are all essential aspects of your nonverbal communication with the world. Two men shaking hands People can judge you on the firmness of your handshake Image Credit: UiHere Touch is more telling than you may think A mere handshake can help you form an opinion about a complete stranger. For example, a weak handshake or a patronizing pat on your head is telling. You will recognize controlling people by the way they grip your arm. Similarly, a bear hug that is warm and sincere can project a thousand nonverbal words. Woman talking on cell phone People focus on tone of voice when talking on the phone Image Credit: Nonverbal voice communication is about how you say something Think of the voice aspect of nonverbal communication like a telephone conversation. The person on the other side will focus on a whole lot more than the words you say. The pace at which you speak and the timing of your words convey clues about you and your message. The other person will note the tone, inflection and loudness of your voice. Coupled with those, the sounds you use unconsciously like “uh-huh” and “ahh” will add more substance to your message. Most importantly, do not lose sight of the fact that sarcasm, confidence, affection and anger are all noticeable in the tone of your voice. Nonverbal communication Bear hug man and woman The need for personal space is often determined by the relationship between people Personal space is crucial We all need our personal physical space, although it may vary from person to person. You will know if you are too close to someone if they step away to create more space. If that happens, respect their need for space. Similarly, it also varies by culture and the nature of the relationship. It might be surprising that the use of space can deliver nonverbal messages. For example, space could indicate dominance, aggression on the one hand, or, on the other hand, affection and intimacy. Share THis Share on facebook Share on pinterest Share on twitter Share on linkedin Share on email
How Does OSHA Define a Competent Person? OSHA requires all construction employers to have at least one competent person on a job site. There's a joke in there somewhere, right? But seriously, on the face of it, that standard sounds straightforward. Most of your employees are competent (by general definition). Otherwise, they wouldn't be your employees. So you can say your foreman is in charge and you're done, right? Unfortunately, no. If you do that, you run the risk of failing an OSHA inspection. An OSHA Competent Person (CP) is defined in a very particular way, and they'll expect your designated CP(s) to demonstrate that they qualify. You have to select your CP(s) deliberately and take measures to ensure they're prepared to pass an OSHA inspection. Beyond the demands of OSHA, your CP plays a crucial role in job safety and supervision. It can't just be a formal title. So, what is a CP, and how do you designate one? What is an OSHA Competent Person? OSHA defines a CP as "one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has the authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them" [29 CFR 1926.32(f)]. In other words, a CP has two crucial things: 1. The knowledge to recognize a hazard, AND 2. The authority to correct one It's not a special certification you can earn or a class you can take. It's a combination of experience, familiarity with OSHA standards, and permission from you, their employer, to take any corrective measures necessary. Don't Confuse a Competent Person with Other OSHA Terms The term "competent" should not be confused with other OSHA terms like: • "Authorized," which means you have approved or assigned that employee to perform a specific duty or be in a specific area. • "Qualified," which means that, by education or experience, an employee has demonstrated the ability to solve problems relating to a particular job. • "Certified," which means an employee has passed certification exams from an accredited organization for the work they're going to perform. An employee could be qualified, authorized, and certified in a task. However, unless you've given them the authority to stop employees from working or change the way they work, they are not a competent person. How to Test for a Competent Person Although OSHA has no extensively spelled-out standards for proving that someone is competent, they will your CP will be tested during an inspection. To test whether a CP exists, OSHA will: • Ask on-site employees who the CP is for a particular task, to check if it's widely known • Evaluate the CP's knowledge of relevant standards and their ability to identify a hazard If you don't have a CP on-site that satisfies all three criteria for each specialized activity, OSHA can cite you for not having a competent person. Because functionally, you don't. How Do You Choose the Right Competent Person? The number of competent person(s) you need on a job site will vary by its size, complexity, and the available experience of your workforce. You can have a single CP on-site, but they must have the knowledge and authority. You can also have multiple CPs covering separate activities. Some work activities (like excavations and scaffolding) explicitly require a CP under OSHA regs, but any and all construction activity has to proceed under the supervision of a qualified CP. Step 1: Select the Someone with Experience First, you need to select the right person for the job. You need someone experienced in at least one specialized activity who has proven themselves to be responsible and able to take charge of a situation. Step 2: Prepare Them with Training The second step is making sure they're fully prepared for the role. They need to understand the responsibilities that come with the title, and they need to be familiar with all applicable OSHA standards. They also need to understand all the potential source(s) of danger in their area. It may be helpful for them to prepare by taking more extensive coursework to refresh their knowledge or acquire a more in-depth understanding. However, completing a course won't guarantee OSHA deems them competent. Step 3: Give Them an Evaluation Bottom Line: Be Prepared with OSHA Outreach Training Chances are that if you run a tight ship, the person you choose as CP will be qualified. But taking extra measures to ensure OSHA will agree is going to save you time and trouble later. Make the process affordable and convenient by refreshing their knowledge with online training. With 20 years at the forefront of online OSHA training, we've proven that we can give them a solid foundation. To learn more, check out our OSHA 30 hour and OSHA 10 hour courses—DOL cards and free study guides are included! Privacy Policy \| Legal ©2021 360training ©2021 360training
What Are ‘Daily Values’??> What Are ‘Daily Values’? by Wellness Letter It helps to have a basic understanding of what Daily Values (DVs) and % DVs are, since they figure so prominently in deciphering nutrition labels. DVs are the daily recommended intakes of nutrients, similar in ways to RDAs (Recommended Dietary Allowances) but specifically developed by the FDA for food (and supplement) labels. The % DVs can help you compare the nutrient content of products within the context of a total diet. As now stated on the Nutrition Facts label, they tell you “how much a nutrient in a serving of food contributes to a daily diet,” with 2,000 calories a day used for “general nutrition advice”—and they are listed both for nutrients that you should limit and for those that you should aim to get more of. For example, the DV for saturated fat (a nutrient to limit) is 20 grams, so a food that has 5 grams of saturated fat per serving provides 25% of the DV for someone eating 2,000 calories a day. The DV for calcium (a nutrient to get more of) is 1,300 milligrams (mg), so a food that has 130 mg of calcium provides 10% of the DV. A quick glance at the % Daily Value column on the label allows you to get a sense of whether the food has a lot or just a little of a particular nutrient per serving (or somewhere in between). Of note, in conjunction with the development of the revised nutrition label, the FDA updated several of the DVs for nutrients that must be included on the label, as well as some of those that can be listed voluntarily, in order to reflect the latest nutrition science of what our daily needs are. These include: Fiber. As research continues to confirm the many health benefits of fiber, such as reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, the DV for fiber has been increased, from 25 grams to 28 grams. (Your actual fiber requirement will be higher than the DV if you consume more than 2,000 calories a day. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend 14 grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories; people with diabetes should aim even higher.) Sodium. More evidence confirming that a high intake of sodium can raise blood pressure led to the DV being decreased slightly from 2,400 mg to 2,300 mg. (But experts also advise that people with, or at risk for, hypertension or cardiovascular disease should aim even lower, less than 1,500 mg.) Potassium. The DV for this mineral, which plays an important role in blood pressure regulation and other body functions, increased from 3,500 mg to 4,700 mg. Calcium and vitamin D. The DV for calcium increased from 1,000 to 1,300 mg, in recognition of its importance for bone health. The DV for vitamin D was doubled and is now measured in micrograms (mcg) rather than International Units (IU), with the new DV being 20 mcg (corresponding to 800 IU). This article first appeared in the UC Berkeley Wellness Letter.
What is Excel? A beginner's overview Microsoft Excel is a software program included in the Microsoft Office suite. It is used to create spreadsheets, which are documents in which data is laid out in rows and columns — like a big table. Due to its extreme versatility and power, Excel has become one of the most-used software programs in the business world since its launch in 1985. Indeed, the personal computing renaissance of the 1980s and 1990s was largely driven by the many uses of Excel and other spreadsheet software. What is a spreadsheet? A spreadsheet is a special way of organizing data into rows and columns to make it simpler to read and manipulate. Here's a screenshot of a blank spreadsheet: Blank Excel spreadsheet As you can see, the document is comprised of columns (the vertical sets of boxes labeled A, B, C, etc. on the top of the screen), and rows (the horizontal sets of boxes labeled 1, 2, 3, etc. on the bottom of the screen). At the intersection of each row and column is a cell into which a user can enter either numbers or text. The address of any given cell is generated by combining the letter of the cell's column with the number of the cell's row. For example, the cell highlighted in the diagram below is at address B4, because it lies at the intersection of column B and row 4. When we refer to this cell verbally, we call it, "Cell B4." Blank Excel spreadsheet with cell B4 selected The image above, of course, represents a very simple spreadsheet. More complex spreadsheets can contains hundreds or even thousands of rows and columns, the combination of which can represent millions of cells. These cells can be linked together with calculations and formulas to perform complex mathematical logic simply and easily. What is Excel used for? That's all well and good, but what are spreadsheets used for? Almost everything. Spreadsheets are extraordinarily powerful tools, and are used frequently in the business world to store and manipulate data. Throughout the course of these tutorials, we'll be following SnackWorld, a fictional company, as it uses Excel to track data about its business. Here's one example of how SnackWorld uses Excel in the workplace: Sales by item As you can see, SnackWorld has used the above Excel spreadsheet to keep track of its sales numbers by item sold. The tabular format of a spreadsheet is the perfect way to measure this complex set of data — it would take a long time for SnackWorld's managers to write this out by hand! And Excel's formulas and functions, which we'll learn later on in this module, allow employees to easily pull out specific pieces of data to answer managers' questions. Here are a few examples of other ways a company might use Excel. Remember, though, that these are just examples. Excel is infinitely flexible, so the possibilities are endless: • Keep track of sales by customer from month to month; • Monitor customer payments to ensure that none are late; • Keep track of expenses and assign them to particular employees; • Calculate hours worked per employee for monthly payroll; • Calculating monthly payments on the office mortgage; • Creating graphs or charts to explain company performance over time; • Estimate monthly sales for the next three years based on historical data; and • Assign projects and tasks to employees in a centralized location. How to learn Excel Now that you know what Excel is, it's time to learn how to use it! Get started with our how to use Excel article and begin to harness the power of this amazing tool. Explore the 5 must-learn 'fundamentals' of Excel
Caring for someone with the flu Caring for someone with the flu If someone in your household is unfortunate enough to catch the flu, how should you care for them? What is the best way to help them recover from their illness without spreading the virus to other members of your household? If they have a simple case of the flu (the flu without any complications), the European Center for Disease Control (ECDC) advises they take bed rest at home to minimise any risk of them spread the virus to others in the community (1). Their treatment would focus on reducing their fever and relieving their other symptoms (1)(2). But how do you look after them while they’re at home? Let’s take a look at some tips: Keep contact to one person – the caregiver When it comes to caring for someone with the flu, if you can, choose only one caregiver and, if possible, someone who is not pregnant and does not have chronic health problems (4). If you are caring for someone with the flu, try to avoid being face-to-face with them (3). If that person is a child, for instance, place their chin on your shoulder when you hold them so they cannot cough in your face (3). You should spend the least amount of time possible in close contact with that sick person (3). One option might be to give them a separate room to help keep others in the family from getting the flu (4), and if there is more than one sick person, they could share that room. The sick person (or people) should not have visitors other than the caregiver (4). If visitors must enter, they should stay at least two metres away from anyone who is sick (4). Kitting out their rooms Kit their room with the things they might need to manage their symptoms and aid their recoveries (4), such as ice-cold drinks, cups with straws or a squeeze bottle, a thermometer and a humidifier (to put tiny drops of water into the air, which can make it easier for the sick person to breathe). Open a window, if possible, or use a fan to keep fresh air flowing (4). You could also put facemasks in the room and ask the sick person (or people) to wear one when they leave the room or are around other people (4). Also, put tissues, a waste bin (with a lid and lined with a plastic bag) and an alcohol-based hand sanitiser in the room. Ask the sick person to use a tissue to cover coughs and sneezes and then throw used tissues in the waste bin (4). If you have more than one bathroom, have the sick person (or people) use one bathroom, and the healthy people use the other (4). Give each sick person their own drinking glass, washcloth, and towel (4). Regular cleaning and washing are essential Clean hard surfaces that may have flu germs on them using water and dish soap or common household cleaners that kill germs (4). You can wash the sick person’s bedding or clothes with other people’s laundry (4). Wash bedsheets and towels with normal laundry soap and tumble dry on a hot setting. But hold all dirty laundry away from your face and body and wash your hands straight away after touching dirty laundry (4). Make sure to wash your hands after touching the sick person as well as after handling their tissues or laundry (3). If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitiser (3). The best way to look after your household is to help prevent them from catching the flu, and the most effective way to prevent the flu is vaccination (5). Safe and effective vaccines are available and have been used for more than 70 years (5). Encourage not only your household but also your wider family, friends and your colleagues to get their flu vaccine every year. Leave a comment
• hummelresearch The effects of population and housing density in urban areas on income in the United States February 2020 Cities in the United States have become increasingly less dense either from sprawl from rapid development or vacancy due to decline. The benefits and costs of urban density have been a topic of research since the mid-20th century. The effect of urban density on incomes is one of these areas of research. Based on concepts rooted in urbanization economies and social output, it is assumed in this paper that an increase in urban density increases incomes. Urban density is defined as population and housing density. It was found using a cross-sectional lagged mediated multiple regression that population and housing density have statistically significant indirect effects on income in a sample of more than 300 metropolitan areas in the United States. The significant effects of these variables on employment and the effect of employment on income mediated these effects. Local Economy (Vol. 35 / No. 1: pp. 27-47) 4 views0 comments Recent Posts See All
Open access peer-reviewed chapter - ONLINE FIRST Biomass Conversion Technologies for Bioenergy Generation: An Introduction By Abdurrahman Garba Submitted: June 15th 2020Reviewed: August 21st 2020Published: December 1st 2020 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93669 Downloaded: 67 Over the last century, there has been increasing debate concerning the use of biomass for different purposes such as foods, feeds, energy fuels, heating, cooling and most importantly biorefinery feedstock. The biorefinery products were aimed to replace fossil fuels and chemicals as they are renewable form of energy. Biomass is a biodegradable product from agricultural wastes and residues, forestry and aquaculture. Biomass could be sourced from a variety of raw materials such as wood and wood processing by-products, manure, fractions of organic waste products and agricultural crops. As a form of renewable energy, they have the advantages of easy storage, transportation, flexible load utilization and versatile applications. The aim of this study is to provide an overview for thermochemical and biochemical biomass conversion technologies that were employed currently. Attention was also paid to manufacture of biofuels because of their potentials as key market for large-scale green sustainable biomass product. • biomass • bioenergy • biochemicals • conversion routes • green chemistry 1. Introduction Biomass can be regarded as any organic material that originated from plants or animals. Thus, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC in 2005 [1], defined it as follows; “A non-fossilized and biodegradable organic material originating from plants, animals and micro-organisms. This shall also include products, by-products, residues and waste from agriculture, forestry and related industries as well as the non-fossilized and biodegradable organic fractions of industrial and municipal wastes”. The world’s energy demand has been steadily increasing in the last several decades. This is due to rapid increase in industrialization, population and the quest for improvement of the living standards for societies. On the other hand, this has caused an irreversible damage to the environment which leads to global warming, and climate change. These issues have been the topic of discussion among scientist and policy makers at national and international levels on how to mitigate the problem. The modern society is emphasizing on shift from non-renewable to renewable energy (such as wind, solar, tide, geothermal and biomass) in their search for energy source. Before the discovery of fossil fuels such as petroleum products, coal, and natural gas, biomass was the main source of energy for heating and cooking [2]. Biomass is the term used to describe all materials that contain carbon in an organic form. This organic form of carbon can be transformed into inorganic through photosynthesis by forming bonds with other elements such as hydrogen, and oxygen using solar energy. The demolishing of these bonds (molecules) through physical or biological means, causes a closure in the cycle and making CO2 to be regenerated. During the regeneration process, energy is released which can be converted into other forms of energy. Therefore, as long as these equilibrium is maintained between use and regeneration, biomass is a renewable or inexhaustible source of energy [3]. Biomass is expected to be the leading form of energy with a significant global energy load of about 10–15%. However, biomass has a share of about 90% of total energy requirements for remote and rural areas of the developing countries. Therefore, it is likely to remain the future leading source of energy feedstock for the developing countries since about 90% of the world population is expected to live in the developing world by 2050 [4, 5, 6]. Biomass accumulates chemical energy in form of carbohydrates through combination of solar power and carbon dioxide during the process of photosynthesis. This has made it to be a potential energy source since the carbon dioxide captured during photosynthesis could be released when it burns. It is cheap and available in all forms such as forest and agricultural residues, wood, by-products of biological materials, organic components of municipal and sludge wastes, etc. There are several ways to convert biomass into useful products which largely depends on biomass characteristics and the end product [7]. The technologies applied in the conversion of biomass are mainly categorized under thermochemical or biological methods. 2. Types of biomass conversion technologies Biomass can be converted into several useful products for energy generation and chemicals. There are some factors that influence the choice of a conversion technology to be applied on the biomass. These factors include quality and quantity of the biomass feedstock, availability, choice of end-products, process economics and environmental issues (Figure 1) [8]. Figure 1. Main biomass conversion routes [9]. 2.1 Thermochemical methods The major options within thermochemical biomass conversion processes include combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, and liquefaction (Figure 2). The most practiced thermochemical conversion of biomass industrially is combustion process, which is used for heat and electricity generation. Most of biomass thermochemical conversions were carried out with or without the use of catalysts, though the use of catalyst has distinct effects on the end-products [10]. Figure 2. Thermochemical conversion processes and end products [10]. 2.1.1 Gasification The process of biomass gasification was discovered independently in France and England by the year 1798. The technology did not come into its limelight until 60 years later. The gasification process continued flourishing until 30 years later when natural gas from oil fields was discovered. Until 1970, the use of natural gas for cooking and lighting was substituted with liquid fuels due to discovery of oil. Generally, biomass gasification is an endothermic thermochemical conversion of solid biomass fuel using gasifying agents such as air, steam or CO2 to form a mixture of combustible gases which may include H2, CH4, CO and CO2. The process is carried out at temperatures between 800 and 1300°C. Nowadays, flexibility of the gasification technology coupled with the different uses of the produced syngas, allows for the integration of biomass gasification with many industrial processes and as well with power generation systems [7]. Biomass feedstock characteristics such as particle size, moisture content, shape, heating value, carbon content and ash content significantly affect the gasifier performance. However, knowledge on feedstock parameters such as volatility, elemental analysis, heat content and biomass potential for fouling or slagging is essential for evaluation of gasification process [11]. Therefore, feedstock with low volatile contents are preferred for partial oxidation gasification, while those with high volatile content are more suitable for indirect gasification process [12]. Feedstocks for biomass gasification exists in different forms with each type having peculiar issues. Therefore, it is vital to predict suitable type of biomass for a specific gasifier type under defined conditions. Although, characteristics within specific biomass feedstock species is identical, the shape and size of the feedstock particles are useful in determining the difficulties that may arise during movement, delivery and as well as the feedstock behavior in the gasifier. The size and size distribution of the feedstock affect the gasification zone thickness, pressure drop in the bed and the maximum hearth load. To overcome some of this problems, biomass feedstock of uniform size were utilized [7]. Gasifier operation depends on moisture content of the biomass feed used. The use of feedstock with high moisture content reduces biomass conversion efficiency and as well the production rate. This is because the process discharges more fuel or heat in order to vapourize the excess moisture to the temperature of the syngas [13]. During the pyrolysis/gasification process, water need about 2.3 MJ/kg to vapourize and as well 1.5 MJ/kg to raise it to 700°C. Also, high moisture content in a biomass reduces the achieved temperature in the oxidation zone which results in incomplete cracking of the products released in the pyrolysis zone. Consequently, high moisture content in the biomass feedstock affect the syngas composition or quality due to production of CO2 from reaction between the moisture. Furthermore, using feedstock that has high moisture content results in the production of syngas with high moisture, which subsequently course additional stress on downstream cooling and filtering equipment [14]. Hydrothermal gasification Hydrothermal gasification is a biomass treatment that involves the use of water at high temperatures and pressures. Products formed during this process is as a result of different reactions that takes place in the biomass which mainly depends on factors like temperature, pressure, and time of treatment. To understand the process, behavior of water at high temperature and pressure must be known. Figure 3 indicated the phase diagram of water, where at 273.15 K and atmospheric pressure (0.101325 MPa), ice melts to liquid water, while at 373.15 K liquid water boils and vapourized to steam. However, boiling point of water is affected by pressure and this means at high pressure the boiling point decreases, while at low pressure it increases. Likewise, pressure has effect on volume of water when it changes to steam. The volume of water increases greatly when it changes to steam. This change in volume is as high as 1600 times under atmospheric pressure. Figure 3. Phase diagram of water [8]. At increased pressure, the volume of liquid water is not affected when compared to steam volume. Therefore, under increased pressure, the increase in volume associated with the phase change becomes smaller (Figure 4). The volumes for both water and steam were found to be equal at 22.1 MPa at the phase change. Also, when the pressure is higher than this value, no noticeable phase change is seen. At this point, the pressure is called the critical pressure of water, while the temperature is called critical temperature of water which corresponds to 647 K. This point on the phase diagram, is called the critical point. If the temperature and pressure are above these critical values, the water is called supercritical water, while when the values are below the critical values, the water is called subcritical [8]. Figure 4. Pressure effect on volume change when water changes into steam [8]. Hydrothermal treatment of biomass can be carried out in either supercritical or subcritical water. That is when the temperature and pressure of the water is high. The process employs low temperatures ranging between 150 and 250°C. Under these conditions, the polymeric components of the biomass such as hemicellulose and lignin are dissolved together with small fraction of cellulose [15]. This process is mainly physical and requires harsh reaction conditions since the decomposition of the polymeric substances is limited. The process is often employed for saccharification of cellulose (Figure 5) or for an increased biomethanation of lignocellulosic biomass [16, 17, 18]. Figure 5. Reaction network for hydrothermal gasification of cellulose [8]. 2.1.2 Pyrolysis The term pyrolysis is defined as the thermal depolymerization of organic matter in the presence of nitrogen or absence of oxygen. Pyrolysis is an exothermic reaction with heat requirements that ranges between 207 and 434 kJ/kg of which many wood based and agricultural biomass were heated in an inert atmosphere to produce vapours and a carbon rich residue. The vapours composed of fragments from cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin polymers. These vapours can be condensed into free flowing organic liquid known as the bio-oil. On the other hand, the remaining carbon residues is left as bio-char (Figure 6) [19]. Figure 6. Carbonization reaction scheme of a carbonaceous material [20]. The polymeric substances distribution in bio-oil largely depends on the lignocellulosic contents of the biomass feed [21]. Many researchers investigated the individual pyrolysis characteristics of cellulose, hemicellulose and as well lignin. Hemicellulose was observed to decomposes at 220-315°C, cellulose decomposes between the range of 314-400°C, while lignin decomposition takes place from 160 to 900°C and it generates a solid residue with highest percentage of about 40% [22]. From energy view point, cellulose pyrolysis was observed to be an endothermic reaction, while the reactions of hemicellulose and lignin is an exothermic. The gaseous products obtained from pyrolysis of these three components were similar and mainly comprises of CO2, CO, CH4 and other organic gases. Micro-GC was employed to analyzed the releasing behaviour of the H2 and total gases released when the three gases were pyrolyzed in a packed bed. Hemicellulose was observed to have higher yield for CO2, cellulose gives higher yield for CO with high presence of aromatic ring and methoxyl, while the lignin cracking and deformation yields higher H2 and CH4. Cellulose pyrolysis involves the cleavage of glycosidic groups via dehydration which is followed by the breakdown of anhydroglucose units. The dehydration and breakdown of sugar molecules at lower temperatures, results in the formation of char. Shafizadeh and Fu [23] reported char yield of 34.2% for the pyrolysis of pure cellulose in the absence of air and at 300°C. At high temperatures, there is enough energy to initiate the rapid cleavage of glycosidic bonds and evaporation of gaseous products was favoured. However, the distribution of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in a bio-oil is predominantly determined by the interactions between these components rather than just their quantities. Rowell [24] suggested that hemicellulose and cellulose were bonded through hydrogen bond, while hemicellulose and lignin were covalently bonded via ester bonds. The bonds that exist between these polymeric substances influence the pyrolytic behaviour of the biomass which may bring about a difference in products distribution when compared to a sample prepared synthetically by physical mixing. Couhert et al. [25] pyrolyzed two mixtures at 950°C containing the three components. One of the mixtures was prepared by simple mixing, while the other was prepared by intimate mixing. He discovered that, the yield for CO2 increases with an increase in intimacy of the mixture. Hence, the effect of components interaction may differ in a physical mixture in comparison with the actual biomass sample, because the structure of the biomass can affect pyrolysis outcome which alter selectivity for certain products [26]. The necessary conditions for pyrolysis are temperature, pressure, heating rate, residence time, environment, catalyst, etc. This conditions greatly determines the nature of the products formed after pyrolysis [27]. Therefore, the pyrolysis conditions can be adjusted to obtain a desired product. It is well known from literatures that high temperature and short residence time favours formation of condensable fractions, high temperatures and longer residence time favours non-condensable gaseous products, and as well solids fractions are only favoured at low temperatures [28]. Depending on the pyrolysis conditions, the process can be classified as follows; Fast pyrolysis Recently, fast pyrolysis which is an advanced technology is gaining attention because of an increasing need for the production of fuel oil from biomass. As a continuous process, fast pyrolysis is aimed to prevent further cracking of the pyrolytic fractions to non-condensable compounds. During the process, the parameters that give high oil yield were carefully controlled in which the primary parameter is high rates of heat transfer. This parameter could be achieved by grinding the biomass feed finely. The finely ground biomass feed is heated rapidly at high temperatures between 450–600°C for a very short residence time of typically less than 2 seconds. The liquid yield for wood fast pyrolysis was reported to be as high as 75% [29, 30]. Since the process takes place in a very short period, not only chemical kinetics, but rate of heat and mass transfer, and as well transition phenomena plays an important role in determining the chemistry of the end products. Tailored products could be obtained by setting the necessary parameters at optimum [29]. Intermediate pyrolysis In comparison with fast pyrolysis, intermediate pyrolysis is operated at optimum temperature range of 300–500°C. The liquid products obtained during the process is less viscous and contains low tar. However, the chemical reactions taking place during intermediate pyrolysis are more controlled and thus the process offers a wide range of parameter variations for process optimization. Although low yield for liquids of up to 55% were obtained during this operation, large sizes for biomass feed are acceptable that may be coarse, chopped, shredded or ground [31]. Slow pyrolysis Slow pyrolysis is the carbonization of a biomass feed without condensing the pyrolysis products. The process is carried out in batches at low temperatures, slow heating rate and for a long residence time. Though, most of the literatures present about the process were based on its use to produce solid fuels such as charcoal and bio-char, but it can also be used to produce liquid fuels and bio-gas [32]. Temperatures as low as 0.1–2°C were reported by literatures. Slow pyrolysis is the oldest technique used for biomass conversion when the desired end product is charcoal or biochar. The vapours produced during the process were not condensed usually, but they could be used in the process to directly or indirectly provide heating. Moisture of about 15–20% were reported and it affects the properties of the solid fuels produced during the process [19]. The biomass feed sizes can vary from ground to a whole log. 2.1.3 Torrefaction Torrefaction is a slow and mild pyrolysis process that is usually carried out at low temperatures between 225°C-300°C. The process is aimed at increasing the biomass energy density and as well its fuel properties [33]. This is achieved by removal of biomass moisture content and other superfluous volatiles. During the process, the biopolymeric substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were partly decomposed to release organic volatiles. The product obtained at the end of the process is a dry and black residual solid regarded as torrified biomass. The torrified biomass is hydrophobic and soft which can easily be crush, grind or pulverized [19, 33]. 2.1.4 Combustion The process of combustion is a widely applied biomass conversion technology that was functional to a sizeable portion of human race since the advent of human civilization. It is widely applied even today for burning of wood and agricultural residues to make pot fires and stoves in order to provide heat and light energy for cooking and heating. Combustion process is frequently used for the conversion of lignin-rich biomass. The process could be applied in two broad ways, that is either by direct conversion of the whole biomass feedstock or by biochemical conversion in which some portions of the biomass remained. Compared with the other biomass conversion technologies, the process is largely non-selective in terms of the biomass feedstock. During the process, biomass feedstock is converted to CO2 and water including smaller amount of other species which depends on the composition of the biomass and the process parameters. However, combustion of biomass largely depends on energy content of the feedstock. The amount of heat energy released during the process depends on feedstock energy content and as well as the conversion efficiency of the reaction. The fact that biomass feedstock composition plays a vital role in the combustion process was well established by many researchers worldwide in various reports [34, 35, 36]. The major share of energy in the biomass is formed by the assembly of organic matter during photosynthesis and respiration in plants. However, the inorganic fractions in the biomass are important in design and operation of the combustion system, especially when using the fluidized bed reactor. The amount of volatile matter in biomass feedstock is higher when compared with its fossil counterpart in which it is around 70–80%. The presence of this high volatile matter, greatly influence the thermal decomposition of the biomass feedstock and as well as the combustion performance of the solid fuels. This is because, large portion of the biomass feedstock has to be vapourized before the homogeneous combustion reaction takes place and the remaining char will then undergo heterogeneous combustion reaction. The main elements that constitutes the biomass feedstock are C, H, and O, while herbaceous feedstock such as agricultural waste and grasses contain higher amounts of ash forming minerals [37, 38]. Biomass is more oxygenated compared to the conventional fossil fuel. This is due to the biomass carbohydrate structure and its dry mass usually contains about 30–40% oxygen [37]. During the combustion process, part of the oxygen required is supplied by the organically bonded oxygen from the biomass, while the rest is supplied through air injection into the system. The primary constituent of a biomass is carbon which made up about 30–60% by weight of dry matter depending on its ash content. The carbon present in biomass feedstock is in partly oxidized form and this justifies the low gross calorific value of biomass feedstock when compared to coal. Of the biomass organic components, hydrogen is the third most important constituent that made up of about 5–6% of the dry matter. Other elements that are found in smaller quantities in the biomass (less than 1%) are Nitrogen, Sulfur and Chlorine, with the exception of agricultural residues where their figures are sometimes above 1% [39, 40]. The presence of high amount of such inorganic elements in a biomass feedstock leads to serious operational problems such as agglomeration, deposition, fouling, sintering and corrosion or erosion. Combustion process, unlike biochemical and other thermochemical conversion technologies, is largely nonselective in terms of biomass feedstock selection and the process aims to reduce the entire fuel to simple products. However, this shows that the complex nature of the biomass has substantial influence on its combustion performance. Inorganic elements such as Si, K, S, Cl, P, Ca, Mg and Fe are associated with reactions that leads to ash fouling and slagging (Figure 7) [36]. Figure 7. Various reactors for combustion process [41]. 2.2 Biochemical methods Biochemical biomass conversion technologies refer to conversion of biomass through biological pre-treatments. These pre-treatments were aimed to turn the biomass into a number of products and intermediates through selection of different microorganisms or enzymes. The process provides a platform to obtain fuels and chemicals such as biogas, hydrogen, ethanol, butanol, acetone and a wide range of organic acids [42]. However, this process was aimed at producing products that could replace petroleum-based products and as well as those obtained from the grains. Biomass biochemical conversion technologies are clean, pure, and efficient when compared with the other conversion technologies [43]. 2.2.1 Digestion Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the most sustainable and cost-effective technology for lignocellulosic and other form of waste treatment for energy recovery in form of biofuels. This process does not only minimize the amount of waste, but also transforms such waste into bioenergy. Also, the digestates produced during the process are rich in nutrients, which can serve as fertilizer for agricultural purposes [44]. The digestion of lignocellulosic biomass anaerobically produces energy rich methane (CH4). The CH4 yield per unit area is usually employed for the determination of energy output of an individual feedstock which significantly varies between species and as well with maturity, location and inputs (such as fertilizer, water etc.) within the same variety (Yang et al., 2013). The Biochemical methane potential (BMP) test is commonly used to evaluate the anaerobic digestibility of a biomass substrate. The biomass yield and CH4 production potentials of some selected feedstocks were presented in Table 1 [45]. BiomassBiomass yield (ton wet weight/ha)CH4 potential (Nm3 CH4/tonVS) Sugar beet40–70387–408 Fodder beet80–120398–424 Red clover17–25297–347 Wheat grain06–10371–398 Table 1. The biomass yield and methane potential of some selected lignocellulosic biomass [45]. Anaerobic digestion is a process used to produce biogas through biological treatment of biomass. It is performed at temperature ranges between 30 and 35°C, or 50 and 55°C using two stages. The first stage is the breaking down of the complex organics in the biomass by acid-forming bacteria into simpler compounds such as acetic and propionic acids along with volatiles. The second stage is conversion of such acids into CO2 and CH4 commonly called biogas through the use of methane producing bacteria. Usually, both stages of biogas production are performed in a single tank. The produced biogas contains about 60% CH4, 35% CO2, and a mixture of other gases such as H2, NH3, CO, and H2S which account for about 5%. The biogas has a heating value of about 22,350 KJ/m3 for a mixture that contains a ratio (CH4:CO2:inerts) of 60: 35: 5 (Figure 8) [46]. Figure 8. Anaerobic digestion process [46]. 2.2.2 Fermentation Fermentation is a biological process that is commonly facilitated by secretion of enzymes sourced from microorganisms which converts simple sugars to low molecular weight structures such as alcohols and acids. The fermentation of two most common sugars follow the two reactions below: During fermentation, biomass could be converted into alcohols through biochemical pathways. These pathways involved several schemes in which hydrolysis and fermentation process are carried out either concurrently in the same reactor or separately [47]. The different processes involved for alcohols production are presented in Table 2. ProcessSubstratePre-treatmentEthanol Conc., g/LEthanol Pro., g/L/h SHFParthenium hysterophorus L.Acids/alkali13.6 Arundo donaxSteam explosion20.60.21 Wheat strawSteam explosion— 0.313 SSFMiscanthus sacchariflorusCHEMET with NaOH69.21.24 Reedphosphoric acid-acetone55.50.57 ReedLiquid hot water39.40.66 Liriodendron tulipiferaAcid-free organosolv29.90.42 Corn stoverSteam explosion25.70.36 Miscanthus giganteusDilute oxalic acid12.10.13 Industrial hempSteam explosion21.30.30 SSCF Wood chips Steam explosion32.90.34 Wheat straw Steam explosion 0.7 CBPCorn stoverAcid hydrolysis0.27 Table 2. Processes in bio-ethanol production [47]. SHF = Separate hydrolysis and fermentation. SSF = Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. SSCF = Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation. CBP = Consolidated Bioprocessing. Conversion of biomass feedstocks through fermentation process is a vital issue because it allows for the production of wide range of substances under mild conditions. The extent of fermentation on organic substances largely depends on composition and structure of the biomass feedstock. Only feedstocks that are not competing with the food items in terms of demand should be selected for biofuel production. Consequently, residues and waste materials from agriculture and forestry were considered as the most interesting sources of biomass. High hydrolysis ratio is also an important requirement for the effective utilization of monosugars present in lignocellulosic structures. From biochemical perspective, organic substances present in the hydrolyzed solution can be categorized into several groups such as simple and complex carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and heteropolymers. The potentials for biogas and biohydrogen generation from lignocellulosic biomass is huge due to utilization of different microorganisms in the conversion of cellulose and hemicellulosic fractions of the agricultural and forestry residues [47]. However, a major setback is usually encountered during biofuels production which is the conversion ratio of the polymeric substances into fermentable sugars like hexoses and pentoses due to production of inhibitors along with the desired products. To minimize such inhibitors and maximize hexoses and pentoses production, microbial metabolism in the degradation and saccharification of the biomass cell wall were considered [48, 49]. 3. Conclusion Currently, the use of lignocellulosic biomass as raw material for the generation of bioenergy has received a considerable attention for the development of sustainable ways for production of energy. Most of the researches conducted for biomass conversion technologies heads towards discovery of advanced ways to produce energy fuels so as to tackle its shortage that the world is facing. Also, the studies are aimed towards reduction of greenhouse gases and other harmful effects posed by fossil fuels to the environment. From above, it can be concluded that biomass is a green source of energy in recent times. The study also indicated that thermochemical and biochemical technologies for the conversion of biomass into different energy products was started several decades ago, but it slowed down due to the discovery of fossil fuels. The biomass conversion technologies gained momentum recently due the fact that it is clean, sustainable and renewable source of energy. Download for free chapter PDF How to cite and reference Link to this chapter Copy to clipboard Cite this chapter Copy to clipboard Abdurrahman Garba (December 1st 2020). Biomass Conversion Technologies for Bioenergy Generation: An Introduction [Online First], IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93669. Available from: chapter statistics 67total chapter downloads More statistics for editors and authors Access personal reporting More About Us
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Smartphones, Tablets Are Prime Targets For Cyber-Criminals: Study CERT-LatestNews Security News ThreatsCybercrime Uncategorized VulnerabilitiesAll VulnerabilitiesApplications VulnerabilitiesFirmware VulnerabilitiesNetwork Cyber attack Businesses and individuals in India must brace for escalating cyber-attacks as cyber-criminals expand their targets to home network devices and mobile devices. Individual devices and user data are becoming prime targets for cyber-criminals.One in 20 attacks target smartphones and tablets, reveals a study by cybersecurity solutions provider Fortinet. 90 percent of organizations recorded attacks targeting system and device vulnerabilities that were at least 3 years old, even though updates and patches that corrected those vulnerabilities had long been available. Even more alarming is that about 60 percent of organizations reported successful attacks that had targeted vulnerabilities that were 10 or more years old. A growing percentage of such attacks also target home network devices, such as routers and wireless access points, noted the study. Cyber attackers target a wide range of known vulnerabilities in these devices − known collectively as the Internet of Things or IoT − in order to control them remotely, collect users’ data, or install malicious code that allows attackers to aggregate millions of similarly compromised devices into huge cyber weapons known as botnets that can be used to generate huge volumes of data traffic that can overwhelm and shut down targeted online organizations or cripple Internet traffic, the study said. “We are now living in a digital world, and cybercrime is part of that new reality,” said Anthony Giandomenico, senior security strategist/researcher, Fortinet. “It is time to develop the same good habits as we navigate through our digital environment.” Here are some cyber-safety tips to mitigate the risks of cyber-attacks: 1. Control Your Social Media. Be careful who you “friend” on your application. Cybercriminals often set up fake pages or accounts and request to be added as a friend. Look out for the following to identify fake requests from criminals hoping to steal data or trick you into clicking on links to infected sites 2. Scrutinize Your Online Transactions. Your bank will never initiate a request to verify your account or provide your login credentials. Such requests, either online or via email, can safely be ignored or deleted. Should one receive an email or a browser page with a link attached, always look at the URL before you click it. Hover over the link and look at the address that shows up. It should start with a real address, such as “www.(yourbank).com”. The address should also be reasonably short. 3. Inspect Your Email. The most common way to get users to load malicious software or malware onto their systems is through an email attachment. Known as phishing, these attacks often claim that the file attached to your email is a receipt or bill of a fictitious transaction, a fake document that needs immediate attention, or a message from a friend or family member. NEVER click on an attachment or web link in an email from someone you do not know, that you did not request, or that does not seem entirely legitimate. 4. Update Your Devices. Review devices in your home that are connected to the Internet. These should include phones, DVRs, TVs, security cameras and other online devices, and even home routers and wireless access points. Write down the names of the manufacturers and the model numbers, and list all the software running on these systems. Once you have a complete inventory list, search for known vulnerabilities or patches, and make sure that these devices and applications are running the latest patches and the most current versions of their operating systems, firmware, or software. If a device or application is no longer supported by the manufacturer, the safest thing to do is to replace it.
Get Your Ticket to Learn Jazz Live 2021: LEARN MORE Home Learning Jazz Jazz Theory How to Improvise Over “Stella By Starlight” How to Improvise Over “Stella By Starlight” Stella By Starlight is arguably one of the most popular jazz standards of all time. As one of the most commonly called “workhorse” songs on gigs and jam sessions, this is a must-know tune for jazz musicians. “Stella,” written by Victor Young, was featured in the 1944 film The Uninvited. Ned Washington later set lyrics to it in 1946. This iconic song has been recorded and performed by many of jazz’s greatest artists including Ella Fitzgerald, Miles Davis, Bill Evans, Keith Jarrett, and Chet Baker, so there are a lot of great recordings out there to check out. Also a highly flexible tune, Stella can be played as a ballad, at medium tempos, at fast tempos, as a straight-8th tune, and it can even be morphed into odd meters. As has been mentioned on LJS before, Stella is a harmonically complex and challenging tune, and by learning it you will greatly expand your horizons and vocabulary as an improviser. Stella is especially helpful to learn because it gives you the opportunity to try out 3 crucial different approaches to improvising over a tune. After walking through the process for learning and analyzing this song, we’ll tackle these 3 different approaches to soloing over Stella: 1) Using guide-tones 2) Taking advantage of all the melodic minor scale. 3) Using different triad pairs Let’s start by making sure we know the tune and its form well, and then we’ll tackle the 3 approaches mentioned above to help us maximize our creativity as we improvise over Stella. Here I’ll be looking at“Stella in its most commonly played key, Bb Major (concert). Learning the Tune 1. Listen First, locate a good recording of the song and listen to it many times. Each time listen for something different. Start by focusing on the melody (and lyrics if present), then zero in on the harmony, the bass movement, the drums, the solos, etc. one after another until you are very familiar with that recording. 1. Learn Next, learn to sing the melody of the tune by ear (don’t worry if it’s not perfectly in tune!). Then learn the melody by ear on your instrument by carefully copying what you hear from the recording. Take your time and really focus on the details of the performance you’ve chosen to learn the song from. Pay close attention to the phrasing, timing, and subtle nuances of the artist’s melodic interpretation of the tune. Finally, learn the harmony by ear (and refer to a lead sheet only to check your work or if you get seriously stuck). Learn the changes by finding out by ear what notes the bassist plays on the downbeats of each measure first (they’re almost always the roots of the chord progression), then try slowly arpeggiating the chords and playing the scales that sound like they fit best with the harmony you hear on the recording. 1. Analyze and Reinforce The best way to learn jazz standards is to break them down and learn them in units, linking the melody with the harmony. Psychologists and pedagogical experts have labeled this approach “chunking” since you slice up the material into bite-sized informational chunks that are easily digestible. It’s also useful to think about the key center(s) of a given tune and to relate the harmonic/melodic/formal chunks you’re studying to each other and to the overall form of the tune. Here’s a link to the lead sheet with the chord changes for reference to help guide you through the material below. And here’s a link to LJS’s play-along for Stella. Analyzing the Form Notice how Stella has a 32-bar form divided into 4 smaller 8-bar phrases like many other jazz standards, but Stella is also unique in that it doesn’t follow either of the two most common song forms: it’s not AABA like a “rhythm changes” tune or a song such as Take the ‘A’ Train, and it’s not ABAB (or the common variants on this such as ABA’B’ or ABAC, etc.) like Beautiful Love for example. Stella is best analyzed as following an ABCA’ form, where A’ (“A prime”) is a variation or alteration of the first A. Let’s look at the key centers and harmonic relationships of “Stella.” Here is an analysis of the form using roman numerals for those of you who are visual learners: Here’s a video analysis that has a slightly different take on the chord changes: Improvising Over “Stella” Approach # 1: Using Guide-tones Guide-tones are key pitches in the chords that strongly identify and outline the changing harmonies of a tune. Guide-tones can be roots and 5ths, 3rds and 7ths, or any combination of these pitches and notes chosen from the extensions of the chords, such as 9ths, 11ths, and 13ths. There are countless options for selecting effective guide-tones for any given song. To use guide-tones, pick out the notes that most clearly outline the harmony for your ears, practice them by themselves as whole notes, half notes, and/or quarter notes, then use them as a skeleton or framework to start building more complex melodies around by adding and subtracting pitches, filling in the melodic spaces, and varying the rhythms. Since the roots and 5ths are most likely covered by the bassist, 3rds and 7ths are usually the strongest starting places to build a solid guide-tone line for a tune like Stella. Here’s a basic guide-tone melody (the “skeleton” or “frame”) for Stella followed by an example of a full-blown improvised melody based on the same guide-tone line: Approach # 2: Maximizing Melodic Minor Scales As mentioned above, Stella features opportunities where you can practice all of the common uses of the melodic minor scale in a jazz context. Let’s review these applications of melodic minor scales and point them out in Stella. Melodic minor scales are most commonly used in jazz: 1) On “tonic” I minor chords or static minor chords. When a minor chord isn’t the II- chord in a II-V-I, you can probably use the tonic melodic minor scale. One opportunity to use a tonic melodic minor scale in Stella occurs in bars 19-20 where you can play C melodic minor over the C-7 chord since it’s a relatively static chord that isn’t part of a II-V-I. You can also use a tonic I melodic minor in bars 11 and 19-20. Note that the melodic minor scale doesn’t work as effectively over the II- chord in a II-V-I because you end up with the wrong type of 7th. For a II-V-I you want the flatted 7th for better voice leading. 2) On II-7(b5) chords. II-7(b5) chords and II(half diminished 7) chords can be approached using the 6th mode of melodic minor. For example, for E-7(b5) you can play G melodic minor (E is the 6th scale degree of G melodic minor). II-7(b5) chords which are candidates for this use of the melodic minor scale appear in measures 1, 10, 14, 15, 25, 27, and 29 of Stella. 3) On V7(alt.) chords. The iconic “altered” scale is the seventh mode of melodic minor – for example Bb melodic minor played starting from A over A7(b9, b13) – which appears in bars 2, 10, 14, 26 of Stella. V7 and especially V7(b9) chords [or any V7’s with alterations other than the V7(natural 13)] are candidates for the altered scale, and in Stella these happen all over the place: in measures 2, 10, 14, 16, 17-18, 26, 28, and 30. 4) On dominant 7th chords Especially dominant 7th (#11) chords – which often don’t resolve up a 4th or down a 5th, which is what they would do if they were part of a V-I progression. The scale to use in this case is the 4th mode of melodic minor, meaning if C melodic minor is your root, F7(#11) is the dominant 7th chord over which you can play C melodic minor starting from F (F is the 4th scale degree of C). The obvious spots to use the melodic minor scale over a dominant 7 (#11) in Stella are over the F7 in bar 4 (use C melodic minor from F here) and over the Ab7(#11) chord in measure 21-22 (the melodic minor scale you’d use here is Eb melodic minor). Here’s a visual of all of the spots you can use melodic minor in Stella, with other modes used when it makes sense to do so: Approach # 3: Using Triad Pairs Triad pairs are exactly what they sound like: a pair of triads (usually but not always major triads) that you can use over a given chord or chord progression. Triad pairs are effective tools because they limit your note choices in a way that forces you to be creative and breaks you out of a scale-based approach to melodic improvisation. They also often lead to ear-grabbing and melodically strong statements because triads are such clear and common melodic structures that abound in Western music. When using triad pairs, it’s most effective if you stick only to the triads and their inversions, but you can also mix the triads together, which often leaves you with a pentatonic scale (if the triads share a common note) or hexatonic scale (or perhaps even a 4-note scale if your triads have 2 common tones between them). Here’s a visual of the sets of triad pairs you can try out over Stella: Stella by Starlight is a fascinating tune and there is so much to be learned about music and improvisation from studying it. I hope you’ll dig in deep and apply some of these concepts to your playing. Happy practicing! Josiah Boornazian Josiah Boornazian is a saxophonist, composer, educator, and scholar primarily active in Brownsville, New York City, Miami, and California. He is currently an Assistant Professor of Jazz and Applied Saxophone at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. For more information, please visit: • You might want to read up on upper structures, which works by putting triads (for example) on top of lower structures base chord). MDecks has a course on this, plus videos on YouTube. Susan Sifter wrote a book on them, Berklee Jazz Keyboard Harmony. I’ve just ordered that so can’t comment yet. And perhaps LJS has resources in upper structures as well. 😉 1. Well this all seems very complicated just work out the major and minor pentatonic scales and play around with those notes when you've learned the melody and play what comes naturally you will hear when you play a wrong note. Write down the notes that sounds nice. • Hi Kevin, thanks for reading! It may seem complicated to you now, but sometimes we feel like things are complicated because we want to stick with what we are used to. I've been guilty of the same! I would encourage you to pick one of the concepts here (guide tones for example) and challenge yourself to work on the concept. You might be surprised how something like this could give you a different perspective and open up things for you. Best of luck! 2. I don`t now why but, in all b9 chords b13 and natural 5th sound better then #11 b13 at the same time….i can`t do nothing but doesnt sound right to my ears.. what should i do? just play the old way i did? 3. Thanks for a great lesson! I like all the different viewpoints and analysis. I play guitar and it's nice to not have TAB notation wasting space. I've been working on single note soloing for…many, many years ,and the best insights I've gotten are from horn players. I'm puzzled by the D natural in measure 21 of the guide tone approach. The chord is a Ab7sus4 so I expected a Db. On some of the other examples the chord is a #11 which makes sense, then. This lesson will keep me busy for a long time. Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here Follow Us Free Stuff I want to...
Learning how to repair the connection and re-build trust after conflicts with your child is one of the greatest gifts a parent can give to the relationship. As you learn to repair conflicts well, your child will live in an emotionally safer and more peaceful world. When repair happens after conflict, conflict in the family becomes much less scary and threatening for parent and child. As the parent and child both feel more confident that the trust and connection will be restored, they can both feel more secure and less reactive when differences appear, and highly charged defensiveness begins to slowly but surely dissipate. Conflicts that happen as a result of differences of wants and needs are normal in close relationships. Most of these conflicts can also be easily avoided when parents learn to deal with these situations in a way that truly honours and respects everyone's thoughts, feelings and needs and aims to work with all these factors in a constructive manner. Differences represent the diversity and individuality of family members and overall need to be respected rather than discouraged. As parents we have a greater capacity to deal with differences when we're equipped with the skills to (a) manage our own strong emotions that arise and (b) maintain calm, open communication that respects all voices when the differences threaten to breakdown the connection. A parent and child can experience several conflicts a day and there are times when all parents become overly stressed, impatient and annoyed towards their child. In situations where the parent's anger explodes and they vent their anger at their child, this can be highly distressing for children. They can feel attacked, insecure, sad, overwhelmed, trapped and confused. They will likely be very nervous about future differences until trust has been restored. When a parent vents their anger at their child, the child will likely feel the full force of that anger and it will definitely need a lot of conscious repairing. When this happens, it's often quite the shock for the child AND the parent. Both the child and the parent can feel lost and struggle to reconnect. If not repaired, the child may unconsciously develop defense mechanisms that help them cope. Yet they pay a high price for in other areas of their life, perhaps they will be more reserved about opening up to their parent, perhaps they will feel generally more stressed and frustrated, perhaps their learning and ability to relate patiently in relationships in general or perhaps their self-esteem will be impacted. For more detailed support in learning to avoid exploding in anger, many parents find our Overcoming Overwhelm eCourse (previously called Mama Meltdown) to be very helpful. Also helpful are this teleseminar audio with Genevieve and Patty Wipfler Why We Explode and How to Prevent it and also Genevieve's Stress Relief for Parents CD tracks. The extent that the child is impacted depends on whether they can find their voice during the conflict and whether they have the chance to express themselves honestly and gain some resolution afterwards. But even smaller conflicts and misunderstandings may need repairing. There are many ways to re-connect, many ways to convey remorse, when the intention is there, repair will happen. When restoring peace after conflicts is regularly practiced in the family, a child develops trust and communication skills that they can draw on during future challenges. The child grows to trust that; (a) genuine repair is possible again this time, (b) they will be heard and acknowledged, (c) they have a right to express the feelings caused by the conflict, (d) they have a right to disagree, resist, negotiate or rebel, (e) misunderstandings will be cleared up, (f) the warm connection of the relationship is always valued and fostered and (g) their parent always remembers and comes back to believing in them, in seeing their goodness. Every time you repair a conflict you've had with your child, you're teaching him/her about repair; firstly that it's possible and secondly what it looks, sounds and feels like. Children are endlessly forgiving - for the first 12 years or so at least! Even as teenagers, they can tell when their parents remorse and intentions to repair the connection are genuine and non-manipulative. Saying sorry before you feel sorry. If you say sorry when you're still upset at them, it can be confusing because they can still feel your frustration and will naturally assume that you still have blaming feelings towards them, when the frustration is more likely to be frustration at yourself for losing it. To avoid giving your child conflicting messages, you can say something like; "I really am sorry that I shouted at you, I lost my temper and I know I still need to calm down, I'm starting to calm down", this will show your child that you've stopped blaming them and the danger of escalation is probably over. This is also modelling honest authentic expression of feelings. I'm sorry BUT ... Try and refrain from the "but" at the end, e.g. "I'm sorry I shouted at you BUT I didn't know what else to do because you wouldn't listen to me and you ... and when you ... ". Your child will feel blamed and threatened again, but will feel the pressure to "forgive you" because you're saying sorry. It's very hard for them to deal with contradictory messages like these. But I am still angry at my child. If you haven't reached the feeling of wanting to repair yet, find another way to offload the hurt and resentment and aim to make your way back to genuine peace with your child. Our feelings follow our intentions. It's okay that you're upset, you're entitled to your feelings. How can you release the emotional charge in a healthy way? Every parent needs a readily accessible toolkit with various options for constructively re-balancing their emotions (self-regulation). Developing self regulation skills strengthens you as a parent, resolves past hurts and equips parents with tools to share with their children to help them with their feelings; some ideas are breathing, affirmations, meditation, writing, crying, a friend to ring, certain music, dancing, drawing, being in nature. What brings you back to your heart? Honor your child's apology. Your child's attempts to repair and express remorse need to be honoured and respected. When a child says sorry for what they've done and their parent responds with "well there's no point in saying sorry if you're going to do that again" or "sorry is an easy word to say but ... ", or "if you're really sorry, then let me see you .... ". All these kinds of responses minimize, diminish and shame the child's attempt to repair the relationship. When your child's "sorry" is not sincere. If your child says "Sorry!!!" with an angry tone, they are showing you that they still have upset feelings that they need help processing. Or they may be saying sorry because they feel under pressure to express remorse before they're ready. The parent can say "I can hear that you're still upset, you don't have to say sorry if you're still upset - I can help, we'll work this out together" or "what do you need to come back to peace?". When your child isn't sorry. Adults and children alike have the right to take the time they need to work through their feelings and work through misunderstandings before they can genuinely feel remorseful. It may not be possible for your child to reach a place of being able to even see or understand how their actions impacted others until they themselves feel understood. Give your child the space and support they need to show you their hurt feelings. Listen to how it made them feel: Probably the most important aspect of repairing with your child is to give your child the explicit permission to show you how the conflict affected them. If a parent says "I'm sorry I shouted at you, I love you very much, let's have a hug and make up", the child has no safe place to show, to share, to release, to process the difficult feelings that the conflict brought up for them. When you get angry at your child, it will hurt, it will make them angry. That's okay, that's normal and understandable. Instead, you can say something like; "I'm really sorry sweetheart, I lost my temper and I shouted at you and that must have been really really hard for you, I can imagine you might have felt scared or trapped, you probably felt like shouting back at me, that was too hard honey, tell me or show me what that was like for you". Problem solving can only happen when the connection has been restored. Truly listening and helping your child with their big feelings will allow them to come back to a place of peace with themselves and with you. When the warm connection has been restored between parent and child, talking about what might have worked better or what could work better another time is much easier and more constructive. Follow your child's lead, if thinking about what happened or needs to happen seems too much for them (usually communicated by their defensive reaction), this is a sure sign that they're still operating from highly charged emotions and are not yet ready to operate from their logical thinking. It may mean that more resolution is needed or that you need to let it drop for now, and trust that helping them feel safer and more secure, helping them feel liked, seen, heard, loved and believed in is more important than creating a plan of action for the future right now. One step at a time. You're building your child's resilience to conflicts out in the world. When conflicts are repaired at home, children are much less threatened by conflicts with others in general. Because the child has been empowered to be an active participant in resolving conflicts at home, these skills lessen feelings of powerlessness, fear and defensiveness when conflicts arise in general. When children are equipped with healthy conflict resolution skills and have seen healthy conflict resolution modelled a lot in the family, this generally results in them being much better at both taking responsibility for their words or actions that negatively impact others, as well as being better able to assert and hold boundaries. Healthy conflict resolution skills children to become teenagers then adults who will be less defensive and more honest, more assertive, more authentic and to own and take responsibility for their mistakes where appropriate. Children who are experienced in conflict resolution are better at staying centred and respectful in challenging interactions, are not afraid to speak up for themselves or others when appropriate and tend to become the peacemakers. Skills for Life. Children whose parents repair conflicts in a healthy way will have easy access to these same skills in conflicts with others outside the family as children, then as adolescents and adults. If you need support in your journey of adopting peaceful parenting strategies in your family, contact Genevieve about some one on one parent coaching or counselling or both combined. 1. Rochelle 7 years ago Parents need more support like this these days. To take the time knowing our parenting experience is all about self development. I love working with parents helping them see anything I possible with the right mind set. Loved your article !! Peace with you always Your friend 2. Noella 6 years ago Your website offered us with valuable info tto work on. You’ve done an impressive job and our whole community will be thankful to you. • Noella, so glad that the information is helpful to your community! • Author Genevieve Simperingham 6 months ago Noella I hope your community has continued to grow. And hopefully my articles have continued to be helpful. Be sure to sign up to receive my newsletters/ new articles/ courses. 3. Lelia 6 years ago Dear Genevieve, This is an excellent article, thank you! Insightful and helpful. I have just found and shared your encouraging website on my page. So happy I googled ‘handling conflict with children peacefully’ Sincerely thankful Love Lelia. 4. Anue Nue 6 years ago Good solid approach with clear guidelines on how to adopt and model a growth mindset for the next generation. This is especially helpful coaching for those parents who’s own parents might have lacked, or still lack, conflict resolutions skills. I think what’s most important though is that all parents be reminded that once they become parents themselves it is no longer about what skills they did not learn in childhood or about how lousy their own parents may still, or always be at resolving conflicts, but about what they wish to pass on to their children. The principles of positive parenting and the modeling of peaceful conflict resolution skills can only be as effective as a parent is at illustrating the application of those principles in the wider sphere of interpersonal relationships. If for instance a child is estranged from their grandparents due to an unresolved family conflict, modeling peaceful parenting at home without applying those principles backwards is unlikely to result in much more than an introduction to a very conflicting model. Because ultimately our children will end up learning as much about how to treat us by the way we treat our parents, as they will by the way we treat them. 5. AvaGT 3 years ago a very helpful article about conflicts of a parent and child regardless of the child’s age. I am a 34yr. old Mother and daughter. My mom and I are close but when conflicts come, we are as cold as ice cube to each other. I think one thing I learn whenever we fight is that Mothers are not perfect. They also make mistakes but it’s very hard for mothers to say Sorry to their child. That’s why whenever me and my 4yr. old daughter made a tiny argument and may upset her, I always make sure that I apologize to her when we’re both calm. It makes me feel that I am a better mother. 🙂 🙂 • Author Yes that simple, but difficult, act of apologizing is so powerful and teaches children that they also can have the humility to admit their regrets and mistakes. So many of us grew up with the kind of dynamic you describe with your mother, and it really breeds so much perfectionism and shame. It’s sad that the resolution is so difficult with your mother and sad for her that she never learned that it’s ok to be imperfect and that in fact saying sorry is a huge strength. But so great that you’ve broken the cycle with your daughter, which I’m sure will really help to keep the lines of communication open between you as the years go on. 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Research Project The Victorian era was a time of great inventions. Research the different inventions that were created during this time and create a powerpoint presentation or information text for each of the inventions. Make sure to include: • A picture of diagram of the invention • What the invention was • Wnen was it invented? • Who invented it? • How did it impact the lives of people living during the Victorian times?
Scientists in Singapore Create Liquid Lens that Zooms Without Electricity August 30, 2005 - Researchers in Singapore have developed a liquid lens that is able to achieve an optical zoom of up to 10x in a package no larger than a contact lens. In order to zoom, the lens is able to change its focal length by altering the shape of the lens, similar to how the human eye operates. "Currently there is no practical alternative to compensate for the fixed focus lens system where a camera lens, for example is moved along a linear axis until the image comes into focus," said Dr. Saman Dharmatilleke, a research scientist with Singapore’s Agency for Science Technology and Research’s Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), who developed the lens. "Our liquid lens, on the other hand, comprises only a droplet and no other cumbersome movable parts," he said. While previous efforts on liquid lens technology have focused on using applications of electricity to alter the curvature of the lens, IMRE has developed a proprietary method of manipulating focal length that does not rely on electricity. The ability to change focus without using electricity appeals to manufacturers of cell phone cameras as it enables them to provided more advanced camera phones while maximizing battery life. Currently, many cell phone cameras rely on software to zoom and focus, resulting in relatively low quality images. The optical zoom capabilities of IMRE’s lens would enable cell phone cameras to achieve unparalleled levels of clarity and sharpness. IMRE has licensed the technology to a company in Singapore, PGS Precision, who is currently developing the lens for specific cell phone and digital camera applications. The company says that it plans to test the lens for the next 18 months before putting it into production with several cell phone manufacturers who are currently involved in negotiations with IMRE. In a press release announcing the lens, PGS Precision said that it expects to ship about ten million of the lenses a year once it enters full scale manufacturing. Up next
What Are Examples Of Owner’S Equity? What is the owner’s equity on a balance sheet? Owner’s Equity in a Business Balance Sheet On the left are assets, the value of what the business owns. Owner’s equity changes over time.. What type of account is owner’s drawings? When it comes to financial records, record owner’s draws as an account under owner’s equity. Any money an owner draws during the year must be recorded in an Owner’s Draw Account under your Owner’s Equity account. Is owner’s capital a debit or credit? Account TypeNormal BalanceAccount ExampleLiabilityCreditAccounts PayableOwner’s EquityCreditOwner’s CapitalRevenueCreditSalesCosts and ExpensesDebitRent, Utilities, Advertising4 more rows Why owner’s equity is credit? Is withdrawal a debit or credit? What are the three types of equity? Different types of equityStockholders’ equity. Stockholders’ equity, also known as shareholders’ equity, is the amount of assets given to shareholders after deducting liabilities. … Owner’s equity. … Common stock. … Preferred stock. … Additional paid-in capital. … Treasury stock. … Retained earnings. How do you find beginning equity? The total stockholders’ equity for a given period represents the total at the end of the period. To find the beginning stockholders’ equity for that period, look at the balance sheet for the preceding period. The last period ending number is the same as this period’s beginning number. Is an owner’s draw an expense? What has no effect on owner’s equity? Paying salaries expense is a transactions has no effect on owner’s equity. Do withdrawals increase owner’s equity? How do you solve for owners equity? The formula for owner’s equity is: Owner’s Equity = Assets – Liabilities. Assets, liabilities, and subsequently the owner’s equity can be derived from a balance sheet, which shows these items at a specific point in time. What reduces owner’s equity? Is Accounts Receivable a credit or debit? The amount of accounts receivable is increased on the debit side and decreased on the credit side. When a cash payment is received from the debtor, cash is increased and the accounts receivable is decreased. When recording the transaction, cash is debited, and accounts receivable are credited. What exactly is equity? Equity represents the value that would be returned to a company’s shareholders if all of the assets were liquidated and all of the company’s debts were paid off. … The calculation of equity is a company’s total assets minus its total liabilities, and is used in several key financial ratios such as ROE. Is capital the same as equity? Equity, also known as owner’s equity, is the owner’s share of the assets of a business. (Assets can be owned by the owner or owed to external parties – liabilities or debts. See our tutorial on the basic accounting equation for more on this). Capital is the owner’s investment of assets into a business. Is a drawing account owner’s equity? A drawing account is a contra account to the owner’s equity. The drawing account’s debit balance is contrary to the expected credit balance of an owner’s equity account because owner withdrawals represent a reduction of the owner’s equity in a business. Is cash owner’s equity? Owners’ equity represents the ownership interest in the business after liabilities are subtracted from assets. This can come from sales that increase cash or accounts receivable, or contributed capital from the owner or other investors in the form of cash or other assets. … What is included in owner’s equity? Owner’s equity includes: Money invested by the owner of the business. Plus profits of the business since its inception. Minus money taken out of the business by the owner. Minus money owed to others. What is the owner’s capital? What items are considered equity? These accounts include: common stock, preferred stock, contributed surplus, additional paid-in capital, retained earnings, other comprehensive earnings, and treasury stock. Equity is the amount funded by the owners or shareholders of a company for the initial start-up and continuous operation of a business.
Back to Terracotta Warriors A ruthless and ambitious man, Qin Shi Huang united the warring kingdoms to become the first emperor of China in the 200s BCE. In order to ensure his military might would continue with him into the afterlife he “employed” some 700,000 workers to build thousands of clay warriors, horses and chariots. 8000+ sculptures have been discovered but many more likely lay beneath the ground waiting to be excavated. Not recorded in history books, the terracotta warriors were simply found by random chance in the 1970s when some local farmers were digging a well and noticed some peculiar ceramics underground. Here are a few photos from our visit to the Terracotta Warriors outside of Xi’an.
A sequence \{x_n\} in a metric space (X, \rho) is called Cauchy if \rho(x_n, x_m)\to 0 as n, m\to\infty. A subset E of X is called complete if every Cauchy sequence in E converges and its limit is in E. For example, \mathbb R^n is complete, while \mathbb Q^n is not. Proposition. A closed subset of a complete metric space is complete, and a complete subset of an arbitrary metric space is closed. Proof. If X is complete, E\subset X is closed, and \{x_n\} is a Cauchy sequence in E, \{x_n\} has a limit in X. So x\in\bar{E}=E. If E\subset X is complete and x\in\bar{E}, then there is a sequence \{x_n\} in E converging to x. \{x_n\} is Cauchy, so its limit lies in E; thus E=\bar E. \Box In a metric space (X, \rho) we can define the distance from a point to a set and the distance between two sets. Namely, if x\in X and E, F\subset X, \rho(x, E)=\inf\{\rho(x, y): y\in E\}, \rho(E, F)=\inf\{\rho(x, y): x\in E, y\in F\}=\inf\{\rho(x, F): x\in E\}. Note that \rho(x, E)=0 iff $x\in\bar E$. We also define the diameter of E\subset X to be diam E=\sup\{\rho(x, y): x, y\in E\}. E is called bounded if diam E<\infty. If E\subset X and \{V_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in A} is a family of sets such that E \subset \cup_{\alpha\in A}V_\alpha, \{V_\alpha\}_\alpha\in A is called a cover of E, and E is said to be covered by the V_\alpha‘s. E is called totally bounded if for every \epsilon>0, E can be covered by finitely many balls of radius \epsilon. Every totally bounded set is bounded, for if x, y\in\cup_1^n B(\epsilon, z_j), say x\in B(\epsilon, z_1) and y\in B(\epsilon, z_2), then \rho(x, y)\le\rho(x, z_1)+\rho(z_1, z_2)+\rho(z_2, y)\le 2\epsilon+\max\{\rho(z_j, z_k): 1\le j, k\le n \}. If E is totally bounded, so is \bar E, for it is easily seen that if E\subset \cup_1^n B(\epsilon, z_j), then \bar E\subset \cup_1^n B(2\epsilon, z_j). Theorem. If E is a subset of the metric space (X, \rho), the following are equivalent: 1) E is complete and totally bounded. 2) (The Bolzano-Weierstrass Property) Every sequence in E has a subsequence that converges to a point in E. 3) (The Heine-Borel Property) If \{V_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in A} is a cover of E by open sets, there is a finite set F\subset A such that \{V_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in A} covers E. Proof. 1) \Rightarrow 2): Suppose that 1) holds and \{x_n\} is a sequence in E. E can be covered by finitely many balls of radius 2^{-1}, and at least one of them must contain x_n for finitely many many n: say, x_n\in B_1 for n\in N_1. E\cap B_1 can be covered by finitely many balls of radius 2^{-2}, and at least one of them must contain x_n for infinitely many n\in N_1: say x_n\in B_2 for n\in N_2. Continuing inductively, we obtain a sequence x_n\in B_j for n\in N_j. Pick n_1\in N_1, n_2\in N_2, … such that n_1<n_2<.... Then \{x_{n_j}\} is a Cauchy sequence, for \rho(x_{n_j}, x_{n_k})<2^{1-j} if $k>j$, and since E is complete, it has a limit in E. 2) \Rightarrow 1): If E is not complete, there is a Cauchy sequence \{x_n\} in E with no limit in E. No subsequence of \{x_n\} can converge in E, for otherwise the whole sequence would converge to the same limit. On the other hand, if E is not totally bounded, let \epsilon>0 be such that E cannot be covered by finitely many balls of radius \epsilon. Choose x_n\in E inductively as follows. Begin with any x_1\in E and having chosen x_1, ..., x_n, pick x_{n+1}\in E\setminus \cup_1^n B(\epsilon, x_j). Then \rho(x_n, x_m)>\epsilon for all n, m, so \{x_n\} has no convergent subsequence. 1) + 2) \Rightarrow 3): If suffices to show that if 2) holds and \{V_\alpha\}_{\alpha\in A} is a cover of E by open sets, \exists\epsilon>0 such that every ball of radius \epsilon that intersects E is contained in some V_\alpha, for E can be covered by finitely many such balls by 1). Suppose to the contrary that for each n\in\mathbb N, $\exists$ a ball B_n of radius 2^{-n} such that B_n\cap E\not=\emptyset and B_n is contained in no V_\alpha. Pick x_n\in B_n\cap E; by passing to a subsequence we may assume that \{x_n\} converges to some x\in E. We have x\in V_\alpha for some \alpha, and since V_\alpha is open, \exists\epsilon>0 such that B(\epsilon, x)\subset V_\alpha. But if n is large enough so that \rho(x_n, x)<\epsilon/3 and 2^{-n}<\epsilon/3, then B_n\subset B(\epsilon, x)\subset V_\alpha, contradicting the assumption on B_n. 3) \Rightarrow 2): If \{x_n\} is a sequence in E with no convergent subsequence, for each x\in E there is a ball B_x centered at x that contains x_n for only finitely many n. Then \{B_x\}_{x\in E} is a cover of E by open sets with no finite sub-cover. \Box A set E can possesses the properties 1)-3) is called compact. Every compact set is closed and bounded, and the converse is false. Proposition. Every closed and bounded subset of \mathbb R^n is compact. Proof. Since closed subsets of \mathbb R^n are complete, it suffices to show that bounded subsets of \mathbb R^n are totally bounded. Since every bounded set is contained in some cube Q=[-R, R]^n=\{x\in\mathbb R^n: \max(\|x_1\|,..., \|x_n\|)<R\}, it is enough to show that Q is totally bounded. Given \epsilon>0, pick an integer k>R\sqrt{n}/\epsilon, and express Q as the union of k^n congruent subcubes by dividing the interval [-R, R] into k equal pieces. The side length of these subcubes is 2R/k and hence their diameter is \sqrt{n}(2R/k)<2\epsilon, so they are contained in the balls of radius \epsilon about their centers. \Box Two metrics \rho_1 and \rho_2 on a set X are called equivalent if C\rho_1\le\rho_2\le C'\rho_1 for some C, C'>0. Equivalent metrics define the same open, closed and compact sets, the same convergent and Cauchy sequence, and the same continuous and uniformly continuous mappings. Consequently, most results concerning metric spaces depend not on the particular metric chosen but only on its equivalent class. [1] Gerald B. Folland, Real Analysis: Modern Techniques and Their Applications, 2ed, page 15-16.
Proxy Server Explained A proxy server is just a computer configured in a special way. Using a proxy is just like asking another computer(the proxy) to get the web site you wanted for you. That’s it. Simples. How you normally get a web page You type a web address in to your browser Your computer (after a DNS […] Oracle Database Architecture What is Agile? What is Net Neutrality and why should you care?!
Learning Tube: Tastes of the World! New Generation Educational Board Game What are some ethnic foods and what do people of the world eat? A game that features multiculturalism, as it is expressed in the dining habits and popular dishes of the countries of the world. The game “Tastes” of the World” is one of the games of the Learning Tube series that consits of a collection of 63 ethnic foods, recipes or other popular dishes from the cuisines of the countries of the world. It makes up a gustatory journey from East to West. The goal of the game is to gain knowledge on different gastronomic habits of multiple cultures and get accustomed to the tastes and cuisines of different countries. The board game –Tastes of the world-can be played by 2 or more players and it is suggested by the age of 6+. • The game play is simple and understandable, helping (enabling) this way the participation and common interest while participating for all. • Younger players can memorize national dishes very easily with the guidance of the older that help in learning them. • Older players, gain further information for each recipe and at the same time they have access to the online version of the game that is played through smartphone and tablet. - 63 cards with national dishes - countries - Game Play Manual Hand Made! See also the rest Learning Tube games
The welding wire is one of the indispensable tools for welding operations. How much do you know about the welding process? With the continuous advancement of the times, the welding process is constantly developing and updating. Of course, the welding wire is also progressing with the continuous improvement of the welding process. Since the welding process has been applied more and more widely in recent years, various types of welding wires (aluminum-magnesium welding wire, flux-cored welding wire, stainless steel welding wire, etc.) have begun to appear on the market. Today I will give you a detailed explanation. The difference between flux cored welding wire and solid welding wire. Production efficiency: For the production efficiency, the flux-cored welding wire adopts the continuous welding method, so the production efficiency is high; compared with the solid welding wire, since the flux-cored welding wire has less welding spatter and the weld bead is formed, the removal of the splash and the grinding is reduced. The time of the weld surface. Adaptability to the base metal: Compared with the solid welding wire, since the flux-cored wire is generally a transition metal element through the core, it is convenient to adjust the alloy composition from the formulation as a manual electrode to meet the requirements of the welded base material. The solid welding wire has to be re-smelted every time the alloy composition is adjusted. The number of processes is large and difficult to control, so it is difficult to meet the requirements of less dosage and variety. Moreover, some alloy solid wire has poor drawing performance and is difficult to draw into the required wire. At this point, the flux-cored wire has its unique advantages. Cost of use: Compared to manual electrodes and solid wire, the flux-cored welding wire itself is very expensive. However, for large enterprises, the use of flux-cored welding wire shortens the production cycle and the quality of the weld is easy to guarantee, so the overall benefits are very high. Moisture resistance: Ordinary cored silk has a continuous gap on the side of its skin due to its manufacturing form. Therefore, the flux-cored welding wire should not be left too long after opening the package to prevent excessive moisture absorption and affect the quality of the welding. The difference in the characteristics of the two also leads to differences in the scope of application, only need to be selected according to individual circumstances, then the topic of the difference between the flux cored welding wire and the solid welding wire is discussed with you here, if You also have doubts about any problems related to the flux cored welding wire or the solid welding wire. Please call our wire manufacturer for advice.
kwizNET Subscribers, please login to turn off the Ads! Online Quiz (Worksheet A B C D) Questions Per Quiz = 2 4 6 8 10 MEAP Preparation - Grade 6 Mathematics 2.53 Prime Factorization of Numbers up to 500 (WIZ Math) 1. Factorize the given number. 2. The factors chosen need to be a prime number. Example: Find the prime factors of 144. 1. Factorise 144. 2. 144 = 12 x 12 3. 12 can be written as 4 x 3. 4. 4 can be written as 2x2. 5. Hence 144 is 2x2x3x2x2x3. Answer: 2x2x3x2x2x3 Directions: Find the prime factors of the following. Also write at least ten examples of your own. Question 1: This question is available to subscribers only! Question 2: This question is available to subscribers only! Subscription to kwizNET Learning System offers the following benefits: • Instant scoring of online quizzes • Progress tracking and award certificates to keep your student motivated • Unlimited practice with auto-generated 'WIZ MATH' quizzes • Child-friendly website with no advertisements • Get discount offers by sending an email to discounts@kwiznet.com Quiz Timer
Storms and Floods Tropical Storm Rafael forms over eastern Caribbean, the 17th storm of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season. Heavy rain and flooding hit large swathes of Scotland, bursting riverbanks, turning roads into torrents and stranding people in their homes. 6.7 Earthquake hits the Aru Islands region, near the south coast of Papua, Indonesia. Two 4.9 Aftershocks hit the Aru Islands region. 5.5 Earthquake hits central Chile, rattling the capital Santiago. 5.3 Earthquake hits off the west coast of northern Sumatra. 5.1 Earthquake hits near the east coast of Honshu, Japan. 5.0 Earthquake hits Sucre, Venezuela. The southward shift of an atmospheric belt in the Southern Hemisphere since the 1970s is reportedly the reason why parts of Australia and southern Africa are drying out. The southward expansion of a meteorological feature known as the Hadley cell is most pronounced in autumn. Hadley Cell The southward shift of between 125 and 250 miles has resulted in less rainfall during April and May over southeastern Australia, and to a lesser extent over southern Africa. Rain that previously would fall 125 to 250 miles farther north is now being directed that distance to the south due to climate change’s effect on the Hadley cell. It is not known specifically what is causing the shift, and climate models have not accurately represented it. The week’s hottest temperature was 111.2 degrees Fahrenheit (44.0 degrees Celsius) at Nouakchott, Mauritania. This was a record high for the date and for the month of October. The week’s coldest temperature was minus 89.1 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 67.3 degrees Celsius) at Russia’s Vostok Antarctic research station. New Activity/Unrest has been reported at the following volcanos: Fuego, Guatemala \| Lokon-Empung, Sulawesi \| Paluweh, Lesser Sunda Islands (Indonesia) \| Suwanose-jima, Ryukyu Islands (Japan) \| Tengger Caldera, Eastern Java (Indonesia) Ongoing Activity: Bagana, Bougainville \| Batu Tara, Komba Island (Indonesia) \| Galeras, Colombia \| Karymsky, Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) \| Kilauea, Hawaii (USA) \| Manam, Northeast of New Guinea (SW Pacific) \| Sakura-jima, Kyushu \| Shiveluch, Central Kamchatka (Russia) A plan to cull thousands of wild badgers to stem the spread of tuberculosis in cattle is sharply dividing rural England. Marksmen could start the cull any day but details are being kept secret for fear of clashes between farmers determined to protect their livestock and livelihoods and activists who have pledged to foil the plan by scaring away the badgers. Conservationists on Thursday asked a state judge to end trapping of wolverines in Montana, USA at a time when fewer than 300 of the elusive animals roam the Northern Rockies and Northern Cascades. Storms and Floods A violent tropical storm pounded coastal districts in southeast Bangladesh Thursday, killing at least 26 people. More than 1,500 fishermen who were fishing in the deep sea are still missing. At least 1500 mud, tin and straw-built houses were also levelled in the storms, leaving more than 100 000 people in need of aid. 5.5 Earthquake hits Kepulauan Sangihe, Indonesia 5.4 and 4.9 Earthquakes hit the South Sandwich Islands Region 5.2 Earthquake hits Southern Iran 5.0 Earthquake hits near the south coast of Papua, Indonesia 4.9 Earthquake hits the Talaud Islands, Indonesia. Due to the drought in the USA, Europe and Russia, world and US corn stocks are smaller than traders expected. US corn stocks are the lowest in 17 years, equaling a 3-week supply. USDA has cut Australia’s wheat crop estimate by 12 pct and Russia’s by 3 pct. Corn futures were up 3.6 pct, soy up 2 pct on USDA data. Six penguins have died in a malaria outbreak in the London Zoo. The birds contracted the avian strain of the disease from mosquitoes. Environment – El Nino The tropical Pacific continued its retreat from El Nino thresholds for the second consecutive fortnight, ocean temperatures cooled, remaining within the neutral range (neither El Nino nor La Nina). Chances are favourable that sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean will remain at neutral levels, though still warmer than average, for the remainder of 2012. Storms and Floods Heavy rains have caused flooding in Russia’s southern region of Dagestan, near the Caspian Sea, leaving seven people dead. Typhoon Prapiroon has intensified and is located approximately 240 nm south of Kadena AB, Okinawa, Japan. Typhoon Prapiroon is the twenty-second tropical cyclone of the western North Pacific Ocean, making for a very active season. Prapiroon formed as a tropical depression over the western Pacific Ocean on October 7, 2012. It strengthened into a tropical storm the following day, and on October 9, it became a typhoon. 5.3 Earthquake hits Costa Rica. 4.9 Earthquake hits the northern Molucca Sea. 4.9 Earthquake hits Irien Jaya, Indonesia. Shiv 1 Shiv 2 The wildfires that struck northwest Minnesota, USA have gone underground, igniting layers of peat that could burn well into the winter. A Mumps outbreak in Eqypt has more than tripled in one week. The number of cases reported as of Monday is 583; this is up from 157 cases reported just one week earlier. Authorities maintain there is no emergency and have not closed schools.
Face the front of your square, where your audience would sit. At first, you will learn most steps facing en face. Face the corner of your square—your crossed leg should be away from the audience. Beverley is looking straight ahead— she could also look en face, to the audience. Facing different directions is preparation for turning steps. Nadja and Hannah are “spotting” as they spin around on demi-pointe. They keep looking at one spot while they turn; this stops them from feeling dizzy and helps them balance. As they turn, their bodies pass through all the directions in their imaginary squares. Traveling steps can move in different directions. The pattern that a dance makes when the steps travel around the room, or stage, is called the floor pattern. Traveling forward is the easiest direction because most of our everyday movements, such as walking or running, go forward. Moving backward is harder, especially if you are trying to follow a floor pattern. Remember to take your body weight back over your feet. Fix your eyes on a spot en face and keep looking at it as you start to turn. Whip your head around to look at the same spot as you return to the front.
How to make a scanner in java How do I create a scanner? Declaring and creating a Scanner object in Java static Scanner sc = new Scanner(; That way, you can use the sc variable in any method in the class. To create a Scanner object, you use the new keyword followed by a call to the Scanner class constructor. What is Scanner class in Java with example? What is nextInt () method? nextInt() The nextInt() method of a Scanner object reads in a string of digits (characters) and converts them into an int type. The Scanner object reads the characters one by one until it has collected those that are used for one integer. Then it converts them into a 32-bit numeric value. How do I scan a Java file? 1. import java. io. IOException; import java. util. … 2. class Main. 3. { public static void main(String[] args) { 4. File file = new File(“doc.txt”); 5. try (Scanner sc = new Scanner(file, StandardCharsets. UTF_8. name())) { while (sc. … 6. System. out. println(sc. nextLine()); … 7. } catch (IOException e) { 8. e. printStackTrace(); } How do I get an int scanner? out. println(“Enter first number”); Scanner sc=new Scanner(; String name=sc. next(); int result = Integer. valueOf(name); if (result / 2 == 1){ System. How do you use a scanner? Scanning can be as simple as putting a document face down on the glass, pressing a button to begin the scan, and then saving the file onto your PC’s hard drive. But sometimes you will want to select the area of the original you want to scan, or want to lighten or darken the image. See also: How to get unicode value of a character in java What is nextLine () in Java? What is a scanner class? The java.util.Scanner class is a simple text scanner which can parse primitive types and strings using regular expressions.Following are the important points about Scanner − A Scanner breaks its input into tokens using a delimiter pattern, which by default matches whitespace. What is a scanner in Java? What is nextDouble in Java? Why do we use system in scanner? Scanner input = new Scanner(; creates a new Scanner instance which points to the input stream passed as argument. In your case the steam is Standard input stream. So, once your scanner instance is pointing to it, you can scan the stream and get integers , strings and do other stuff . See also: How to play java minecraft with friends Does Java have nextLine? The hasNextLine() is a method of Java Scanner class which is used to check if there is another line in the input of this scanner. It returns true if it finds another line, otherwise returns false. How do you scan a string in Java? Example of next() method 1. import java.util.*; 2. class UserInputDemo2. 3. { 4. public static void main(String[] args) 5. { 7. System.out.print(“Enter a string: “); 8. String str=; //reads string before the space. Leave a Comment
Patañjahli’s Ethics Patañjahli’s Ethics 2. Explicate and assess Patañjahli’s ethics. What specific moral obligations are encoded in the yama rules and what is their character? Does Patañjahli characterize these rules of moral conduct as hypothetical imperatives, or categorical imperatives? Is it possible and/ or obligatory for everyone to abide by the yama rules, or are they only requirements for those who are attracted to the Yogic lifestyle? Do you agree with Patañjahli’s ethics? Why or why not? Being a tradition with rich and deep roots within either Indian or world culture, Yoga has become an integral part of daily lives of millions of people globally and their only acceptable life pattern. It is not just a practice of trainings related to self-improvement, but also a precious way of life filled with a range of high moral norms and values. Yama rules are the central pillars of this ideology that call for self-perfection both inside and outside of the body and appropriate behavior to be worth liberation as the final stage of becoming a better, kinder and true self. Therefore, the paper argues that Patañjahli’s ethics is a set of categorical imperatives that should be obligatory followed by yogi and promoted to others on the basis of their own life examples. In this regard, the essay provides conscious explication and evaluation of the yoga rules of moral conduct. The next point highlighted is devoted to the explanation concerning why yama rules are not hypothetical but categorical imperatives in yogi lifestyle that ought to be strictly obeyed by the followers of this philosophical doctrine and provoke critical thinking about eternal principles of non-harmfulness in the individuals around yogi. Apart from that, the author’s position with respect to the issue under analysis is described and justified. Afterward, conclusions are drawn upon findings of the essay. First and foremost, it is to be noted that the centerpiece of all rules of yogi moral conduct is related to non-harmfulnes in this way or another. For instance, the most salient requirement that determines the other four involves “abstaining from harm” (Ranganathan, 2008, p. 166). It is the most notable aspect of yoga ideology. Specifically, in case an individual opts not to harm any living thing around, one is able at least not to spoil one’s bodily nature by such potentially harmful deeds. In any case, whereas yogi are called to perfect their inner nature through improvement of their bodies, the rule “do not harm” can ensure their balance with the environment in all dimensions possible. This non-harmfulness includes either verbal or physical level of existing: namely, words and deeds, where any potential harm to surrounding may be embodied. Therefore, by obeying this rule, a person makes sure that multi-level relations with respect to human-to-human, human-to-animal, and human-to-environment ratios are maintained. As a result, it will be possible for yogi to stay pure from within. Truthfulness is the next significant yama rule that is based on non-harmfulness principle, as well. In particular, this concept means “do not harm through lies,” paying special attention to intra-human relations. It follows that the aforementioned moral norm of yoga is aimed at making perfect human-to-human correlation as a way to achieve higher and purer moral state of one’s body and, subsequently, self. “Abstinence from theft” is an important implication for yogi referring to non-harmfulness with regard to property of another individual or in general (Ranganathan, 2008, p. 166). Indeed, it is absolutely logical to connect the primary focus of the philosophical ideology under consideration with non-living objects. What is more, oneness with the environment, which derives from Yoga Sūtra, would not be complete if material objects would be disregarded in this structure oriented on maintenance of positive relationships and behavior. Hence, this rule combines bodily, spiritual and mind perfection of the inddividual and respect to material objects as they are in essence. It rejects stealing or other wrongdoing in the name of pureness of soul in perspective. On the contrary, the issue of sexual restraint is an extremely arguable point in the prism of Patañjali’s interpretation of yoga, but Ranganathan (2008) links it to non-harmfulness, as well. To be more precise, this principle may be understood from different positions. On the one hand, sexual restraint seemingly involves complete and irreversible abstinence from sexual intercourse and related issues. On the other hand, Ranganathan (2008) connects this rule to “do not harm” perspective. It follows that the satisfaction of sexual desire for yogi is possible in case it is non-harmful in multiple dimensions. To put it in other words, such an act must be free of any potential implications of harm, including manipulation or, what is the worst, violence. For example, in this regard, flirting can be considered manipulation of sexual restraint grounds; thus, this behavior should be avoided. This yama rule also is concerned with establishing a balance in human-to-human relations. Unacquisitiviness is another norm of yogic moral conduct that is concentrated on non-harmfulness. Undoubtedly, this principle is not less important as the other ones since it correlates with human-to-human and human-to-environment dimensions of existence. Basically, following four previously indicated rules simply excludes a possibility to acquire any material gains. To specify, excess possession of things, consumerism, may be referred to as harm for others whereas they will not be able to meet their basic needs due to someone else’s overconsumption. Hence, this issue is directly connected with potential harm, which has to be thoroughly avoided by yogi. Moreover, complying with this principle ensures human-to-human and human-to-environment relations as well, which is another mode to perfect the body and inner nature of individual simultaneously or in sequence.
Data corruption is the damage of info caused by various hardware or software failures. When a file gets corrupted, it will no longer work properly, so an application will not start or shall give errors, a text file shall be partially or fully unreadable, an archive file will be impossible to open then unpack, etc. Silent data corruption is the process of data getting damaged without any acknowledgement by the system or an admin, which makes it a serious problem for website hosting servers as fails are very likely to happen on bigger hard disks where substantial volumes of info are located. In case a drive is part of a RAID and the info on it is duplicated on other drives for redundancy, it's more than likely that the damaged file will be treated as a healthy one and it'll be copied on all drives, making the damage permanent. A huge number of the file systems which operate on web servers today often are not able to detect corrupted files right away or they need time-consuming system checks during which the server isn't functioning. No Data Corruption & Data Integrity in Cloud Hosting We've dealt with the matter of silent data corruption on our cloud hosting servers by using the amazing Z file system, or ZFS. The latter is better than other file systems since it is the only one on the market that checks all of the files right away by employing a checksum - a digital identifier that is unique for each and every file. When you upload content to your account, it will be stored on several SSD drives and constantly synced between them for redundancy. ZFS constantly compares the checksum of all files and if any file is detected as corrupted, it's replaced instantly with a good copy from another disk. As this happens in real time, there's no risk that a bad file may remain or may be duplicated on the rest of the SSDs. ZFS requires a lot of physical memory in order to perform the real-time checks and the benefit of our cloud web hosting platform is that we work with multiple very powerful servers working together. If you host your Internet sites with us, your info will be intact no matter what. No Data Corruption & Data Integrity in Semi-dedicated Servers We have avoided any possibility of files getting corrupted silently due to the fact that the servers where your semi-dedicated server account will be created work with a powerful file system known as ZFS. Its basic advantage over other file systems is that it uses a unique checksum for each and every file - a digital fingerprint that's checked in real time. Since we keep all content on numerous SSD drives, ZFS checks if the fingerprint of a file on one drive matches the one on the rest of the drives and the one it has saved. If there is a mismatch, the corrupted copy is replaced with a good one from one of the other drives and considering that it happens instantly, there's no chance that a damaged copy can remain on our servers or that it could be duplicated to the other hard drives in the RAID. None of the other file systems include this kind of checks and in addition, even during a file system check after a sudden power loss, none of them will detect silently corrupted files. In contrast, ZFS won't crash after an electrical power failure and the regular checksum monitoring makes a time-consuming file system check unnecessary.
One group of drugs used to treat Crohn’s disease is unlikely to prevent relapse Anti-inflammatory drugs called 5-aminosalicylic acids (5-ASAs) do not prevent relapses of Crohn’s disease when compared to placebo at one year. Crohn’s disease is a long-term inflammatory condition which can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, causing pain, diarrhoea and weight loss. It is characterised by recurring bouts of inflammation which can be severe. Once an attack has been treated through use of corticosteroids and other medication, options to prevent relapses are limited to immunosuppressants, but each can cause serious side effects. As 5-ASAs are an effective treatment when corticosteroids are unsuitable, it was hoped that they might also be a preventive option with fewer side effects. Biological drugs such as infliximab, adalimumab and vedolizumab are usually reserved in the UK for people with severe disease who respond poorly to other drug treatment. This study confirms NICE guidance and strengthens the case for using immunosuppressants such as azathioprine, mercaptopurine or methotrexate, and not 5-ASAs, for prevention of flare-ups of Crohn’s disease after medical treatment. Why was this study needed? About 115,000 people in the UK have Crohn’s disease. The mainstay of treatment for active disease is corticosteroid drugs, which calm inflammation and reduce symptoms in mild cases. However, the long term aim is to keep the condition under control (in remission) and steroids can cause side effects if used long term. 5-ASAs are anti-inflammatory drugs, usually taken by mouth. They are usually well tolerated and inexpensive and have been used to try to keep Crohn’s disease in remission once a flare-up has settled. Studies of their effectiveness had shown mixed results, however, and a 2012 NICE guideline called for further research to clarify this question. Other drugs, including immunosuppressants, are more often used to induce and maintain remission in Crohn’s disease, but these have their own limitations. The purpose of the study was to update a previous summary of research, to pool the findings and to ascertain whether oral 5-ASAs are effective in this situation. What did this study do? Researchers did a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials which randomly allocated people in remission from Crohn’s disease to take either oral 5-ASA drugs or placebo. They only included trials with a follow up time of at least 12 months and looked at the rate of relapse. They included 12 studies with a total of 2,146 participants. One study included only children. Participants came from Europe, Canada, South Africa and Israel. Drug doses varied between trials. The overall quality of the studies for the main outcome was moderate and there was a low risk of publication bias. High drop-out rates were considered to indicate relapse, but this may have been an overestimate. Despite these minor limitations, the results are reliable. What did it find? • There was no difference between the proportion of adults treated with 5-ASAs who had a relapse within 12 months (52.5%) and those who took a placebo (53.5%). Evidence for this conclusion was based on 2,014 adults in 11 studies (relative risk [RR] 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91 to 1.07). The studies had a moderate GRADE level of evidence. • Similarly, there was no difference in relapse within 24 months between adults who took 5-ASAs and those who took placebo, (67.2% versus 67.9%). Evidence for this was based on lower GRADE of evidence from one study of 161 adults (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.23). • There was no difference in relapse rates in the trial which included only children over 12 months. Of those taking 5-ASAs, 73.6% relapsed compared to 68.8% taking placebo (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.33). • There was no difference between the treatment and placebo groups in adverse events, serious adverse events or withdrawals due to adverse events. What does current guidance say on this issue? The NICE guideline updated in 2016 recommends against using 5-ASAs for maintenance treatment during remission. It only includes them as an option in the following circumstances: • Treatment of a first presentation or single inflammatory episode, for people who decline, cannot tolerate or have a contraindication to corticosteroid treatment. • To maintain remission after surgery. These circumstances are not included in the current evidence review, which looks only at maintenance of medically-induced remission. What are the implications? This review confirms that 5-ASAs should no longer be used as maintenance treatment for patients in remission after medical treatment for Crohn’s disease. Alternative treatments are already available as recommended by NICE including the immunosuppressants azathioprine, mercaptopurine or methotrexate. Biologics, such as infliximab, adalimumab or vedolizumab are only recommended in certain situations. These drugs may have more frequent and serious side effects than 5-ASAs, and may cost more. This may impact on budgets and challenge clinicians to find drugs that are most suitable for each of their patients. Citation and Funding Akobeng AK, Zhang D, Gordon M, MacDonald JK. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of medically-induced remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(9):CD003715. Partial funding for the Cochrane IBD Group (April 1, 2016 - March 31, 2018) has been provided by Crohn's and Colitis Canada. NICE. Crohn’s disease: management. CG152. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2012, updated 2016. Updated version NG129; 2019. NHS Choices. Crohn’s disease. London: Department of Health; 2015. Expert commentary The benefit of 5-ASA for Crohn’s disease is considered too marginal to recommend it especially given the change in goals of therapy towards more effective treatment that heals mucosa and alters natural history. Some believe there remains a role in pure colonic disease and in relapse prevention after small bowel resection. However, this is also marginal and most people are now abandoning use. Dr Jeremy Sanderson, Consultant Gastroenterologist, Joint Clinical Director, Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery, Guy’s & St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
The Ozone Layer: The Environmental Victory Everyone Forgot Imagine this: there’s a terrifying environmental threat caused by chemical emissions that could destroy all life on earth. The companies producing the emissions put out all the disinformation they can to keep their businesses going. However, the governments of the world unite to remove those chemicals from production, and the world, miraculously, heals. This isn’t a fairytale about climate change. This is the real story of a grave environmental threat that was at the top of everyone’s mind in the 1980s, but has been largely forgotten by the public today. Here’s the story about how the people won a victory and protected our planet from the holes in the ozone layer. The ozone layer is a layer in the atmosphere that reduces the harmful effects of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation, protecting the Earth and every living thing on it. And in the 1970s, scientists discovered something seriously frightening: common household chemicals had been thinning the ozone layer for years, causing an intermittent hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica. And that hole was growing. The holes in the ozone layer were already causing awful health effects in the Southern Hemisphere. It was linked with an unusually high rate of cataracts in sheep in Australia and New Zealand, as well as the high rates of skin cancer in those countries. But chemical producers didn’t want to stop producing the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that were causing the hole. The CFCs cooled air conditioners and were a cheap way to make hairspray and deodorant spray out of a can. They insisted that the science was flawed. Because the hole in the ozone layer is seasonal, they were adamant that it wasn’t the chemicals they produced that were causing it. For years, the disinformation from the chemical producers seemed to be working. American government officials said Americans should just wear more sunscreen. But on one side of the Atlantic, Margaret Thatcher, a former research chemist, saw the science and was “spooked.” On the other side of the ocean, nature-loving President Ronald Reagan was diagnosed with a melanoma on his nose. If his well known love of the outdoors had not been enough, his skin cancer sealed it: the issue became personal for him. He also learned the business case for getting rid of CFCs: companies were waiting in the wings to offer up a replacement chemical. Reagan decided to create a signature piece of legislation, an international treaty that would rapidly phase out CFCs. He had the support of international leaders including Margaret Thatcher and Canadian conservative prime minister Brian Mulroney, who offered to host a summit about the ozone layer as a sign of his support. Many members of his cabinet were staunchly against it. He added a provision to the legislation to appease them, stating that the science would be reviewed over the course of the treaty to see if it still appeared to be valid. Reagan told those who opposed the regulations that they could be correct, but if they were wrong the Montreal Protocol provided an insurance policy against future harm to the Earth. The treaty, called the Montreal Protocol, started small; only about 25 nations signed on. But that was enough for a start. With bipartisan support, the treaty was unanimously ratified by the US Senate in 1988. When it seemed like the agreement might collapse in 1989, Thatcher gave a rousing speech to the UN General Assembly that created overwhelming support. The treaty has been so effective that more countries have signed onto it than are members of the UN. The Montreal Protocol Reduced Climate Change The ozone layer reduces the effects of solar radiation on life on Earth. It also helps keep the planet from heating up. Scientists believe the slowdown in global warming in the 90s and early 00s was the result of the Montreal Protocol. At the time the Montreal Protocol was instituted, scientists had no idea how much CFCs increased climate change. Over the past several decades, research has revealed how strong an effect these chemicals have, and it’s frightening. Scientists believe CFCs are the reason the Earth’s poles are heating at a dramatically faster rate than the rest of the world. In 2007, researchers published a paper saying the reduction in CFCs was projected to reduce climate change by 50% through 2010. A more recent study backs up that claim, and states that climate change over the next decade would be twice as bad without the Montreal Protocol. (So if you were wondering, “Could climate change be even worse right now?”…now you know!) The Montreal Protocol has become a tool for combating future climate change by banning other greenhouse gases. The replacement for CFCs, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), also turned out to be a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. A phaseout of HFCs was added to the Montreal Protocol in 2016. Phasing out HFCs quickly will slow the heating of the Earth from climate change. HFCs are only one of many factors in climate change, but every factor matters. Why Won’t Nations Take Action On Other Polluters? Many scientists and politicians involved in the Montreal Protocol regret not pushing harder on other factors related to climate change while they had momentum. At the time, climate change was not as well understood. Now there’s even some difficulty gaining support for the new additions to the Montreal Protocol in the US; even though politicians of both parties and US businesspeople support it, Trump will not ratify the amendment and pass it to the Senate for ratification. Why was the world so quick to take actions on the hole in the ozone layer in the 1980s, and yet governments have dragged their feet on climate change ever since? 1. The hole in the ozone layer is easy to visualize. There were pictures. It was scary. For many skeptics, climate change still means little more than, “I won’t have to shovel my driveway as much in winter.” 2. The issue became personal for the leader of one of the largest countries in the world. Climate change is not personal for many of the world’s leaders; they have enough money that they think they can escape climate change’s effects. Leaders must be elected for whom climate change is a personal battle. 3. Many political conservatives adopted the cause, encouraged by Reagan to see the Montreal Protocol as a form of insurance and by Margaret Thatcher to join the treaty. This created support across the political spectrum for the Montreal Protocol. 4. The businesses that were fighting to keep CFCs were relatively small as compared to the gigantic petroleum interests that wield so much financial and political power today. 5. The companies causing the problems were successfully stimulated to provide the solutions. Lessons From the Montreal Protocol The Montreal Protocol included financial assistance to developing countries for phasing out CFCs, as well as the potential of trade embargos for nations that did not phase them out. It shows what a universal climate treaty should look like and demonstrates that a toothless agreement like the Paris Agreement is not enough. The Montreal Protocol is substantive enough that countries work together when they see an infraction. Scientists from around the world worked together a few years ago when they detected CFCs in the air, and they tracked it to illegal foam insulation production in China. Scientists were shocked to recently discover another spike of HFC-23, covered by the Kigali Amendment. It seems to be from China and India. If the HFC emissions can be eliminated, it would have as much of an effect on climate change as removing three years of Spain’s carbon output. Amazingly, in 2019 the hole in the ozone layer was the smallest it’s been in three decades. The Montreal Protocol proves that nations can work together to heal the Earth. Now it’s up to us to force our own nations to do the same for climate change. This piece was brought to you by the Rebel Writers. We’re always keen to meet new people and hear new ideas! Anyone from anywhere can join us here, or read our guide for more information. Sign up for news
12.46 kg to lbs - 12.46 kilograms to pounds 12.46 kg to lbs Do you need to learn how much is 12.46 kg equal to lbs and how to convert 12.46 kg to lbs? Here you go. You will find in this article everything you need to make kilogram to pound conversion - both theoretical and practical. It is also needed/We also want to underline that whole this article is dedicated to a specific number of kilograms - exactly one kilogram. So if you want to know more about 12.46 kg to pound conversion - keep reading. Before we go to the practice - this is 12.46 kg how much lbs calculation - we want to tell you few theoretical information about these two units - kilograms and pounds. So we are starting. How to convert 12.46 kg to lbs? 12.46 kilograms it is equal 27.4695978452 pounds, so 12.46 kg is equal 27.4695978452 lbs. 12.46 kgs in pounds 12.46 kilogram to pounds How many lbs is 5 kg? 12.46 kilogram is equal to 27.4695978452 pounds. If You want convert kilograms to pounds, multiply the kilogram value by 2.2046226218. 12.46 kg in lbs Theoretical section is already behind us. In next section we will tell you how much is 12.46 kg to lbs. Now you learned that 12.46 kg = x lbs. So it is high time to get the answer. Just look: 12.46 kilogram = 27.4695978452 pounds. This is an accurate result of how much 12.46 kg to pound. You may also round off the result. After rounding off your result is as following: 12.46 kg = 27.412 lbs. You learned 12.46 kg is how many lbs, so let’s see how many kg 12.46 lbs: 12.46 pound = 0.45359237 kilograms. Of course, in this case it is possible to also round off the result. After rounding off your outcome is exactly: 12.46 lb = 0.45 kgs. We also want to show you 12.46 kg to how many pounds and 12.46 pound how many kg results in tables. Look: We want to start with a chart for how much is 12.46 kg equal to pound. 12.46 Kilograms to Pounds conversion table 12.46 27.4695978452 27.4120 Now look at a chart for how many kilograms 12.46 pounds. Pounds Kilograms Kilograms (rounded off to two decimal places 12.46 0.45359237 0.45 Now you learned how many 12.46 kg to lbs and how many kilograms 12.46 pound, so we can move on to the 12.46 kg to lbs formula. 12.46 kg to pounds Number of kilograms * 2.20462262 = the 27.4695978452 outcome in pounds So let’s go to the shorer version of a formula, which also enables calculations to learn how much 12.46 kilogram in pounds. The another version of a formula is as following, look: Amount of kilograms * 2.2 = the result in pounds As you can see, the second formula is simpler. It could be better solution if you want to make a conversion of 12.46 kilogram to pounds in fast way, for instance, during shopping. You only have to remember that your outcome will be not so correct. Now we are going to show you these two versions of a formula in practice. But before we are going to make a conversion of 12.46 kg to lbs we want to show you another way to know 12.46 kg to how many lbs without any effort. 12.46 kg to lbs converter Another way to learn what is 12.46 kilogram equal to in pounds is to use 12.46 kg lbs calculator. What is a kg to lb converter? Calculator is an application. It is based on first formula which we showed you in the previous part of this article. Thanks to 12.46 kg pound calculator you can quickly convert 12.46 kg to lbs. You only have to enter amount of kilograms which you want to calculate and click ‘calculate’ button. The result will be shown in a second. So let’s try to calculate 12.46 kg into lbs using 12.46 kg vs pound converter. We entered 12.46 as an amount of kilograms. This is the result: 12.46 kilogram = 27.4695978452 pounds. As you see, our 12.46 kg vs lbs converter is easy to use. Now we can go to our chief topic - how to convert 12.46 kilograms to pounds on your own. 12.46 kg to lbs conversion We are going to begin 12.46 kilogram equals to how many pounds conversion with the first version of a formula to get the most correct outcome. A quick reminder of a formula: Number of kilograms * 2.20462262 = 27.4695978452 the outcome in pounds So what have you do to check how many pounds equal to 12.46 kilogram? Just multiply amount of kilograms, this time 12.46, by 2.20462262. It gives 27.4695978452. So 12.46 kilogram is exactly 27.4695978452. You can also round off this result, for example, to two decimal places. It is 2.20. So 12.46 kilogram = 27.4120 pounds. It is high time for an example from everyday life. Let’s convert 12.46 kg gold in pounds. So 12.46 kg equal to how many lbs? As in the previous example - multiply 12.46 by 2.20462262. It gives 27.4695978452. So equivalent of 12.46 kilograms to pounds, when it comes to gold, is exactly 27.4695978452. In this example you can also round off the result. It is the result after rounding off, in this case to one decimal place - 12.46 kilogram 27.412 pounds. Now we are going to examples calculated using short formula. How many 12.46 kg to lbs Number of kilograms * 2.2 = 27.412 the outcome in pounds So 12.46 kg equal to how much lbs? As in the previous example you need to multiply amount of kilogram, in this case 12.46, by 2.2. Look: 12.46 * 2.2 = 27.412. So 12.46 kilogram is equal 2.2 pounds. Let’s do another calculation with use of this formula. Now convert something from everyday life, for instance, 12.46 kg to lbs weight of strawberries. So convert - 12.46 kilogram of strawberries * 2.2 = 27.412 pounds of strawberries. So 12.46 kg to pound mass is 27.412. If you learned how much is 12.46 kilogram weight in pounds and are able to convert it with use of two different versions of a formula, we can move on. Now we are going to show you these outcomes in tables. Convert 12.46 kilogram to pounds Let’s begin with a 12.46 kg equals lbs table for the first formula: Kilograms Pounds Pounds (after rounding off to two decimal places) 12.46 27.4695978452 27.4120 And now have a look at 12.46 kg equal pound chart for the second formula: Kilograms Pounds 12.46 27.412 As you see, after rounding off, when it comes to how much 12.46 kilogram equals pounds, the outcomes are not different. The bigger amount the more considerable difference. Remember it when you want to make bigger amount than 12.46 kilograms pounds conversion. How many kilograms 12.46 pound Now you learned how to convert 12.46 kilograms how much pounds but we are going to show you something more. Are you interested what it is? What about 12.46 kilogram to pounds and ounces calculation? We will show you how you can convert it step by step. Let’s start. How much is 12.46 kg in lbs and oz? First thing you need to do is multiply number of kilograms, this time 12.46, by 2.20462262. So 12.46 * 2.20462262 = 27.4695978452. One kilogram is exactly 2.20462262 pounds. To check how much 12.46 kilogram is equal to pounds and ounces you have to multiply fraction part by 16. So multiply 20462262 by 16. It is 327396192 ounces. As you can see, conversion 12.46 kilogram in pounds and ounces simply. The last calculation which we will show you is calculation of 12.46 foot pounds to kilograms meters. Both foot pounds and kilograms meters are units of work. • 12.46 kilograms meters = 7.23301385 foot pounds, • 12.46 foot pounds = 0.13825495 kilograms meters. Now have a look at a formula: So to convert 12.46 foot pounds to kilograms meters you have to multiply 12.46 by 0.13825495. It is 0.13825495. So 12.46 foot pounds is equal 0.13825495 kilogram meters. It is also possible to round off this result, for instance, to two decimal places. Then 12.46 foot pounds will be equal 0.14 kilogram meters. We hope that this calculation was as easy as 12.46 kilogram into pounds conversions. This article is a big compendium about kilogram, pound and 12.46 kg to lbs in conversion. Thanks to this calculation you know 12.46 kilogram is equivalent to how many pounds. We showed you not only how to do a calculation 12.46 kilogram to metric pounds but also two other conversions - to check how many 12.46 kg in pounds and ounces and how many 12.46 foot pounds to kilograms meters. We showed you also another way to make 12.46 kilogram how many pounds conversions, that is using 12.46 kg en pound converter. It will be the best solution for those of you who do not like converting on your own at all or this time do not want to make @baseAmountStr kg how lbs conversions on your own. We hope that now all of you can make 12.46 kilogram equal to how many pounds calculation - on your own or with use of our 12.46 kgs to pounds converter. So what are you waiting for? Calculate 12.46 kilogram mass to pounds in the way you like. Do you want to do other than 12.46 kilogram as pounds calculation? For example, for 5 kilograms? Check our other articles! We guarantee that conversions for other numbers of kilograms are so simply as for 12.46 kilogram equal many pounds. Kilograms [kg] Pounds [lbs] 12.46 kg to lbs - 12.46 kilograms to pounds - Mass and Weight Conversion How to convert 12.46 kilograms (kg) to Pounds (lbs) A POWERFUL TOOL for converting kilograms to pounds (kg to pounds). How to convert 12.46 kilograms (kg) to Pounds (lbs). How Heavy Is 12.46 Kilograms in Pounds? How do I convert kg to lbs? How Many Kilograms in a Pound? How do I convert kg to lbs? 12.01 kg to lbs = 26.47752 12.02 kg to lbs = 26.49956 12.03 kg to lbs = 26.52161 12.04 kg to lbs = 26.54366 12.05 kg to lbs = 26.56570 12.06 kg to lbs = 26.58775 12.07 kg to lbs = 26.60980 12.08 kg to lbs = 26.63184 12.09 kg to lbs = 26.65389 12.1 kg to lbs = 26.67593 12.11 kg to lbs = 26.69798 12.12 kg to lbs = 26.72003 12.13 kg to lbs = 26.74207 12.14 kg to lbs = 26.76412 12.15 kg to lbs = 26.78616 12.16 kg to lbs = 26.80821 12.17 kg to lbs = 26.83026 12.18 kg to lbs = 26.85230 12.19 kg to lbs = 26.87435 12.2 kg to lbs = 26.89640 12.21 kg to lbs = 26.91844 12.22 kg to lbs = 26.94049 12.23 kg to lbs = 26.96253 12.24 kg to lbs = 26.98458 12.25 kg to lbs = 27.00663 12.26 kg to lbs = 27.02867 12.27 kg to lbs = 27.05072 12.28 kg to lbs = 27.07277 12.29 kg to lbs = 27.09481 12.3 kg to lbs = 27.11686 12.31 kg to lbs = 27.13890 12.32 kg to lbs = 27.16095 12.33 kg to lbs = 27.18300 12.34 kg to lbs = 27.20504 12.35 kg to lbs = 27.22709 12.36 kg to lbs = 27.24914 12.37 kg to lbs = 27.27118 12.38 kg to lbs = 27.29323 12.39 kg to lbs = 27.31527 12.4 kg to lbs = 27.33732 12.41 kg to lbs = 27.35937 12.42 kg to lbs = 27.38141 12.43 kg to lbs = 27.40346 12.44 kg to lbs = 27.42551 12.45 kg to lbs = 27.44755 12.46 kg to lbs = 27.46960 12.47 kg to lbs = 27.49164 12.48 kg to lbs = 27.51369 12.49 kg to lbs = 27.53574 12.5 kg to lbs = 27.55778 12.51 kg to lbs = 27.57983 12.52 kg to lbs = 27.60188 12.53 kg to lbs = 27.62392 12.54 kg to lbs = 27.64597 12.55 kg to lbs = 27.66801 12.56 kg to lbs = 27.69006 12.57 kg to lbs = 27.71211 12.58 kg to lbs = 27.73415 12.59 kg to lbs = 27.75620 12.6 kg to lbs = 27.77825 12.61 kg to lbs = 27.80029 12.62 kg to lbs = 27.82234 12.63 kg to lbs = 27.84438 12.64 kg to lbs = 27.86643 12.65 kg to lbs = 27.88848 12.66 kg to lbs = 27.91052 12.67 kg to lbs = 27.93257 12.68 kg to lbs = 27.95461 12.69 kg to lbs = 27.97666 12.7 kg to lbs = 27.99871 12.71 kg to lbs = 28.02075 12.72 kg to lbs = 28.04280 12.73 kg to lbs = 28.06485 12.74 kg to lbs = 28.08689 12.75 kg to lbs = 28.10894 12.76 kg to lbs = 28.13098 12.77 kg to lbs = 28.15303 12.78 kg to lbs = 28.17508 12.79 kg to lbs = 28.19712 12.8 kg to lbs = 28.21917 12.81 kg to lbs = 28.24122 12.82 kg to lbs = 28.26326 12.83 kg to lbs = 28.28531 12.84 kg to lbs = 28.30735 12.85 kg to lbs = 28.32940 12.86 kg to lbs = 28.35145 12.87 kg to lbs = 28.37349 12.88 kg to lbs = 28.39554 12.89 kg to lbs = 28.41759 12.9 kg to lbs = 28.43963 12.91 kg to lbs = 28.46168 12.92 kg to lbs = 28.48372 12.93 kg to lbs = 28.50577 12.94 kg to lbs = 28.52782 12.95 kg to lbs = 28.54986 12.96 kg to lbs = 28.57191 12.97 kg to lbs = 28.59396 12.98 kg to lbs = 28.61600 12.99 kg to lbs = 28.63805 13 kg to lbs = 28.66009
Want longer life? You need to eat the right type of protein Eating lean protein, such as nuts, chicken and fish, reduces a person’s risk of dying compared to a diet high in red meats, eggs and dairy. The findings in the Journal Of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Internal Medicine confirm what many health experts have said for decades, but also contained some surprises. For instance, diets high in red meat and fatty proteins like eggs and cheese were not linked to a higher risk of dying among people who were otherwise healthy. The study led by researchers at Harvard University spanned three decades and more than 130,000 people, but was observational in nature so it did not probe the biological reasons behind the changes in death risk according to diet, nor did it demonstrate cause and effect. “Our findings suggest that people should consider eating more plant proteins than animal proteins, and when they do choose among sources of animal protein, fish and chicken are probably better choices,” says co-author Mingyang Song, a research fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital. When researchers examined what kinds of protein were linked to higher mortality risk, they found them to be primarily processed and unprocessed red meats, including beef and pork. The lowest mortality rate was seen among people who got their protein mainly from breads, cereals, pasta, beans, nuts and legumes. “But when we looked deeper into the data, we found that – at similar levels of animal protein intake – those in the unhealthy lifestyle group consumed more red meats, eggs and high-fat dairy, while the healthy lifestyle group consumed more fish and poultry.” According to Ian Johnson, a doctor and nutrition researcher at the Institute of Food Research who was not involved in the study, the research is “robust” and “seems to support the growing consensus that diets based largely on plant foods are better for long term health than diets containing large quantities of meat and dairy products.” However, he pointed out the study, being based on questionnaire data, “tells us little about mechanism. It is far from clear whether plant proteins are protective or animal proteins are detrimental to health, or whether these protein levels are simply markers for something else.” Source: AFP Relaxnews You might also like
Pupils analysis work and its role overall popularity of a pupil What information should really be outlined at the start of dissertation? 28 marzo, 2018 Why article is normally called a «writing» for grownups: primary features and characteristics 28 marzo, 2018 Pupils analysis work and its role overall popularity of a pupil Pupils analysis work and its role overall popularity of a pupil Regulations describes the functions that the recommended solutions must abide by to be able to recognize their inventions. The achievements that may be acknowledged by the invention, tend to be called defensive on a amount of criteria: • task, • decision, • technical nature for the decision, • novelty, • considerable differences, • positive effect. Why don’t we consider each one of the criteria that are listed. Task as a criteria for recognizing pupil’s creation Availability of a job. The word «task» is regarded as right here into the good sense by which it really is found in the dedication associated with the innovation. The existence of an activity involves a positive result. Consequently, the duty is a goal, as well as the effect that is positive the actual chance for attaining the goal due to making use of the invention. The knowledge of patenting suggests that there clearly was a large area of tasks. Technical methods to problems that are purely scientific the answer of issues in the area of medicine and other aspects of social activity, geared towards satisfying social requirements, tend to be caused by innovations. Therefore, the menu of spheres of emergence of jobs can be generalized towards the idea of «public need». Pertaining to the «task accessibility» criterion, all proposals are split into three groups: • Proposals containing socially considerable jobs, the clear answer of which indicates an effect that is positive. • Proposals that don’t incorporate a community of meaningful tasks. Their particular solutions can’t be effective. They could never be seen as innovations, since they are useless with regards to social value. • Proposals containing tasks that are anti-social decisions supply the outcome bad when it comes to organization. Various Other criteria for acknowledging student’s invention For demonstrably worthless proposals, the entire lack of social requirements is just a characteristic function. An example of anti-social proposals could possibly be the synthesis of bad for the body that is human of drugs advertised as therapeutic means to obtain profit. Utility of this task can be a sign that is normativecriterion). Much More properly, the job is resolved should be perhaps not intellectual, but utilitarian in general, becoming linked to the satisfaction of useful prerequisite. In this respect, systematic conditions, in particular, finding aren’t thought as innovations. Inaccuracies, false sentences are not dependant on term innovations. Technicality, novelty, need for differences, positive result as criteria of security of this invention are not linked to the issue, but to its option, although comparable attributes of the difficulty can indirectly impact the signs of the solution. The creator may foresee the requirements of organization which has maybe not however understood the necessity for the invention. In this instance, he produces the duty and carries out of the next decision. Solvability associated with issue. This concept reflects one of the more crucial properties that is subjectively associated www.eliteessaywriters.com/blog/microeconomics-paper-topics with the innovative task associated with the student inventor. However, creativity is certainly not within the amount of normative criteria associated with the creation, because it is contained in the requirements associated with the invention, along with the requirements regarding the «decision» and «novelty» and it is the consequence of all of them. Then it is not recognized by the invention if the solution is found in the archive or found in the finished form in nature. Nevertheless, the proposed initial & most efficient type of a high number of known solutions has got the foundation for the recognition associated with innovation. The achievement associated with the good result is the primary indicator of this solvability for the problem. The task is regarded as resolved if it meets listed here three circumstances: • the suggestion contains an indication associated with the technical way of your decision; • your choice reveals points that are fundamentally important • the answer is implemented, this is certainly, it is appropriate usage. Numerous cases of insufficient re solving the problem into the application for innovation. Deja un comentario
Former NASA Engineers Building Real-Life Underwater Transformer A transformer designed to do grunt work for the oil industry and military is coming, and it’s… admittedly kind of fun to look at. Houston Mechatronics, a small company founded and led by a team of former NASA robot engineers, announced May 1 some major strides toward building a transforming submersible the company calls “Aquanaut.” The 2,315-pound (1,050 kilograms) unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) will transform itself in order to operate in two modes, according to the company: a sleek, submarine-shaped autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) mode, and an unfolded, two-armed remotely operated vehicle (ROV) mode for work. The underwater drone’s two big selling points, Halpin told Live Science, are its long arms and long range. Each arm is a significant chunk of the Aquanaut’s length — 9 feet 6 inches (2.9 meters) in AUV mode, and 11 feet 6 inches (3.5 meters) in ROV mode — and highly articulated for a number of tasks requiring dexterity. Halpin said that the arms are the only part that’s been fully completed, but that they’re the most difficult bit to design. The first challenge of Aquanaut, he said, was “elegance.” The company worked to come up with a design that was fully transformable and highly functional in ROV, mode while using as few moving parts as possible.”As you can imagine, things that move may break,” he said. “Now, if you see the Transformers in the Michael Bay movies they have a million little parts that are moving when they transform. That would not be how a normal robot would do it.” The second challenge was intelligence, he said. Aquanaut, like all long-distance robot subs, has to function miles away from its home base, where the connection speed between it and its human controller might be just a “fraction of dial-up,” so really weak, Halpin said. That means that even as it obeys general instructions from its human controller, it has has to do a lot of its detailed decision-making on its own. Aquanaut is designed to inspect itself for damage and make fine motor adjustments under its own guidance. Aquanaut is being funded primarily by the Defense Department and oil industry, according to Defense One. Halpin said that Aquanaut’s first fully-assembled underwater “tank test” should happen in the coming months, and that Houston Mechatronics expects to start marketing the robot to individual clients in 2019.
(ms) [mil´ ĭ -sek″ und] one thousandth (10−3) of a second. mil·li·sec·ond (ms, msec), One thousandth of a second. Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012 A thousandth of a second, a timing unit on which pulse width and cardiac pacing interval are based. (msec) (mil'i-sek'ŏnd) One thousandth of a second. Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012 References in periodicals archive ? PSR J1723-2837: An eclipsing binary radio millisecond pulsar. Typically, millisecond pulsars are around a billion years old. OPENING TIME: The blooming of a bunchberry dogwood in less than half a millisecond as captured by scientists using a special video camera taking 10,000 frames every second Mr Weickmann said El Nino's overall impact on day length was greatest last August through March, when the days averaged three or four-tenths of a millisecond longer than normal. In fact, a study was once conducted that showed a slight power interruption of just 16 milliseconds can cause shutdown of a computer system, and the same holds true for industrial electronics. This effect usually lasts more than a millisecond and prevents achieving acceptable tolerances at higher line speeds. After the mass transfer ceases, this massive white dwarf loses rotational energy and eventually collapses directly into a millisecond pulsar, without the need for further accretion. To detect a general background of such waves, astronomers would need to monitor 20 of the millisecond pulsars for five to 10 years, with the arrival time of the radio waves determined to an accuracy of 100 nanoseconds, Jenet estimates. By combining Integral and Rossi observations, a European team led by Maurizio Falanga (Atomic Energy Commission, Saclay, France) determined that the millisecond pulsar IGR J00291+5934 in Cassiopeia has a companion with perhaps as little as 40 Jupiter masses. * Series C4 thermocouples measure temperature inside the mold cavity with millisecond response times. Thrice in recent years - namely in 2003, 2004, and 2007 - Earth's spin fluctuated; the jumps broke up the longer-term change by a fraction of a millisecond, and many months before they go back to normal.
COVID-19 creates a positive environmental impact Alexandra Guckel Due to COVID-19, the environment is healing and there is less pollution in the atmosphere. With the recent nationwide closures, most people are understandably looking for some good news. The country seems to be standing on edge, hugging the media and waiting for any sort of information that will not cause community-wide chaos. And in terms of the environmental impact of COVID-19, that good news seems to be coming, just to a very small extent. The first change that caught everyone’s attention was in China. Pretty immediately after the outbreak of COVID-19 and the mass closures of factories and cities, there was a remarkable decrease in CO2 levels being released into the environment. Just looking at a map of the CO2 levels in China, a sharp decrease that appears. Similar changes are taking place elsewhere in the world. In New York, according to a BBC article, the closures have shown a drop of up to 50% in carbon emissions. In Europe, the NO2 levels have also shown a sharp decline. These declines came at a tough cost. The economy seems to be collapsing in many of these countries as people lose their jobs and thousands around the world become infected with the virus and risk dying as a result. A global pandemic of this nature should not, it seems, be the reason the world moves towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. The reasoning behind such drops have been a decrease in travel from cars and other vehicles. Methods of which are significantly responsible for global carbon emissions. With lockdowns of “nonessential” businesses, many factories have also been forced to halt operations, which is something that seems to also be having a significant impact on worldwide carbon emissions. So although there have been many steps in the right direction, it all seems incredibly and underwhelmingly temporary. Many predict that these cancellations of trips are not at all cancellations, but instead just postponing the inevitable. History proves this to be the case. Epidemics of diseases have in the past been shown to have momentary positive environmental impacts. So it is likely the carbon emissions are going to pick up where they left off as soon as the pandemic ends. For many, the environment is the least of their concerns. While attempts to keep everyone safe and healthy should be the top priority, many policy makers take this pandemic as an opportunity to move in the right direction instead of continuing on the same path. This push has been met with similar attempts by the community. They have been pushing to measure daily carbon consumption and highlight ways to reduce it on a day to day basis. They also go out in the community with gloves and bags over hiking trails and sidewalks to help clean up. Whoever is interested in making a difference can use their time to research possible ways to reduce their footprint and make a lasting impact moving forwards. There is reason to be optimistic, but more effort needs to be put in place if any of the impacts are going to last permanently. This can pretty effectively be summed up in this statement by BBC correspondent Martha Henrique: “It’s safe to say that no one would have wanted for emissions to be lowered this way. COVID-19 has taken a grim global toll on lives, health services, jobs and mental health. But, if anything, it has also shown the difference that communities can make when they look out for each other – and that’s one lesson that could be invaluable in dealing with climate change.”
Commentary: The Importance of Identity in Politics This past holiday break over Christmas dinner, my family and I began discussing politics. As the conversation turned to analyzing Brett Kavanaugh’s confirmation to the Supreme Court, our remarks grew increasingly heated. When I began to open up about how my experience as a woman has led me to believe Christine Blasey Ford, who accused Kavanaugh of sexual assault, my uncle uttered the statement “I’m sick of talking about identity politics.” The term “identity politics,” or the ways in which an individual’s political beliefs are influenced by their race, gender, sexuality, culture, and social identity, has become a contemporary buzzword. Republican critiques of “identity politics” and “intersectionality,” defined by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as the “manner in which the effects of different forms of discrimination combine, overlap, or intersect,” have become increasingly common. These critics claim that viewing politics through the perspective of a specific facet of identity is selfish, inhibits progress towards equality, and furthers party divides. Paul Ryan, Speaker of the House of Representatives, stated that identity politics is “morally wrong” and has a corrupt foundation. These commentators, however, detract from the goal of the ideology. When the term “identity politics” was coined in the 1970s by a group of black women known as the Combahee River Collective, their intention was to fight against oppression and bring members of marginalized groups closer to equality. The concept of identity was a starting point in having important and critical discussions about marginalization, personal bias, and privilege. They used identity as a segue into compromises. E.Huang/The Phillipian In our country’s fraught political climate, it’s important to cultivate this sense of empathy and common understanding enhanced by individual identity. Recognizing people’s struggles, or lack thereof, is a vital step in understanding others’ viewpoints. For example, although my uncle and I may disagree on whether Kavanaugh should be allowed to be a Supreme Court Justice, that doesn’t mean that we can’t have a civil discussion. He should make an effort to understand how his opinion as an educated white man can be different and equally valid as that of a young woman regarding sexual assault, toxic masculinity, and sexism. Only after trying to understand our privileges, or lack thereof, can we begin to have an effective and educated debate. My uncle’s criticism of identity politics, however, missed the point that I was attempting to make. Being a woman doesn’t, and shouldn’t, give me superiority or authority in a discussion simply because that is a marginalized identity. On the flip side, his identity as a man shouldn’t mean that his viewpoint is illegitimate. My intention wasn’t to deprive him of his power or ability to speak his mind; rather, it was to acknowledge our individual biases and provide a different interpretation of the topic. We should make an effort to see past the recent popularity of “identity politics” and recognize its true intention. When identity politics is used in a way that emphasizes equality and rights, it can help us reach a better understanding of one another. Especially at Andover, where people from relatively diverse backgrounds engage in political discourse in a variety of settings, it’s important to acknowledge the privileges we have and disadvantages we face and how they can color our interpretation of an issue. Making a tangible effort to address identity and involve it in discussions, instead of simply bypassing it or viewing it as an attack on someone else, is important in reaching compromises and maintaining a level of respect that feels increasingly rare in politics today. Margot Hutchins is a three-year Upper from Stonington, Conn. and an Associate Copy Editor for The Phillipian. Contact the author at
The feel of people after eating raw food December 9, 2020 by No Comments Eating a food which is not cooked or processed is what is called raw food eating and normally taken from plants. There is argument about what percentage of raw food you must take, majority of people say it must be three-quarters of raw food. Individuals who eat raw food say that it assist in improving their health, influences how good they look and prevents them from getting sicknesses. Human beings losing weight is not usually the main goal of consuming raw food but the provision of raw food to you leads to reduction in weight. It is good to know the different kinds of food nutrients found in plants and eat them raw to get the proper benefits of the food supplied. What is usually eaten raw is the foods derived from plants but some times we do eat raw foods from animals too. There are three categories of raw There are three categories of raw food diet, these are, the vegan diet, the vegetarian diet and the omnivorous diet. As the name suggest the vegan diet eat only raw plant food, the vegetarian diet consume raw food derived from plants, they consume raw eggs and raw animal milk. The omnivorous diet however eats raw plants, raw meat, raw eggs and even raw animal milk. Eating raw foods utilizes or derive correct amount of nutrients in the food since it is believed that processing or cooking the food kills the food nutrients that are available, especially the water-soluble vitamins. The feel of people after eating raw food It is a known fact that cooked foods or foods that are normally processed are high in terms of sugar content, high salt content and the presence of this leads to conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and so on. Processed foods tends to denature the enzymes present in the food including some vital vitamins in the food. Good digestion is enhanced when food is consumed raw, you get much energy for consuming raw food, even your skin will become clearer after using raw food. Raw foods are essential for life and those who do not eat that should cultivate the habit of using that from time to time.
$1 for 3 months. Save 97%. $1 for 3 months. Save 97%. An ASU researcher is working on a virus that's harmless to humans, but kills cancer cells Amanda Morris Arizona Republic ASU virologist Grant McFadden studies the myxoma virus, which he believes can be turned into a treatment for cancer. Grant McFadden has spent over two decades studying the myxoma virus. The ASU virologist grew interested in the myxoma virus because it is extremely deadly in European rabbits but virtually harmless in non-rabbit hosts — including humans. He wanted to figure out why. So he began testing its ability to infect lab-grown cells. Along the way, he made a startling discovery. "We accidentally stumbled upon the fact that if we take this virus and put it onto cancer cells … the virus treated them just like rabbit cells, it infected them, killed them, in a way that was really quite dramatic," McFadden said. With those results, the idea to use the virus as a cancer treatment was born. After several successful experiments in mice, McFadden co-founded a company in June 2019 to develop the virus into a type of cancer treatment known as virotherapy. The company, called OncoMyx, has raised over $25 million to perfect the virotherapy and get the data needed to get approval for clinical trials. Though the first human trials are a long way off — about two and half years away — OncoMyx CEO and co-founder Steve Potts believes the treatment has a lot of potential. "We'll start by targeting the most promising and effective cancer treatments," Potts said. "My hope is that we have a significant impact on one or two cancers." Tests in mice show promise To test the virus' ability to treat cancer, McFadden injected the virus into micethat had an aggressive form of brain cancer called glioblastoma. Glioblastoma typically has a poor survival rate; only 5% of patients survive more than five years. It is the same type of cancer Arizona Sen. John McCain battled before succumbing to it in 2018. McFadden conducted his first test with two groups of mice infected with glioblastoma. The control mice weren't given the virus treatment. All of them died. But the mice treated with the virus produced a dramatically different result: All of them survived. The mice treated with the virus also had no traces of glioblastoma left in their bodies. In this test, McFadden also injected healthy, cancer-free mice with the myxoma virus. All the healthy mice emerged unscathed, with no side effects, and were fine. Since that first test, McFadden has tested the virus against about a dozen different cancers in mice so far, including lung and blood cancers. A common misconception is that cancer is a single disease, but it is actually an umbrella to describe hundreds of different diseases that can be quite different from each other. Because of this, some types of cancer might respond differently to the myxoma virotherapy and need to be tested separately, according to McFadden. “It’s worked exceedingly well in everything we’ve tested," he said. “All of them have had results that vary from good to great.” These successes don't mean that this virus could be a "holy grail" for curing cancer. Just because the virotherapy seems so promising in mice doesn't mean the results will be as effective in human trials. In studying the myxoma virus, ASU virologist Grant McFadden is infecting cells with the virus. Cells infected with the virus are shown in green. How virotherapy works The treatment works like this: First, a modified version of the myxoma virus is injected into a host with cancer. Rather than using an unaltered, natural form of the myxoma virus, researchers at OncoMyx are working to change the genetics of the virus to make it even more aggressive and lethal against different forms of cancer. This also allows them to use different formulas to target certain cancers. “Mother Nature has given us a virus that is pretty good at growing in cancer cells and killing cancer cells, but … what everyone wants to do is improve upon what Mother Nature has done," McFadden said. Once injected, the virus will attack cancer cells, but it also has 80 genes that stimulate the human immune system, Potts said. This triggers a strong immune system response in which the body starts destroying both the virus itself and the nearby cancer cells. By genetically altering the virus, OncoMyx hopes to further strengthen that immune system response. “We want to make our immune system respond more to the tumor than to the virus," Potts said. BIG PROBLEM: As citrus greening disease spreads, researchers target tiny insects Making the virotherapy stronger is also important because it's only a matter of time before the immune system is successful in flushing out the virus itself from the body. This means that when researchers administer the virotherapy, the virus will only stay in the body for a short time frame, and researchers want the treatment to be as effective as possible during that window. To do this, they are adding additional genes to the virus that will further stimulate the immune system. Researchers have about 40 genes to work with. Out of those 40 additional genes they could add to the virus, Potts said they will likely settle on adding only a few additional genes, although there are many different possible combinations. Re-engineering the virus to add or change its genetic makeup can take two or three months. For every additional genetic concoction OncoMyx makes, it takes another two to three months to test the new virotherapy. In all, tweaking the virus to give it better ammunition against cancer and testing each new version can take up to six months. McFadden said researchers are also investigating the best way to deliver the virus and how they can use the virotherapy to treat cancer hiding in hard-to-find places, such as when cancer has spread throughout a person's bone marrow. Workers at Oncomyx are developing a new cancer treatment using a virus. Long road to human trials Turning laboratory research into a new medicine or treatment takes a lot of time, money and effort. That's where Skysong Innovations comes in. Skysong Innovations is a company that acts as a proxy for ASU to get funding and intellectual property rights for ASU research so that it can be marketed and applied in the real world. In McFadden's case, Skysong Innovations was instrumental in helping him get the funding needed for OncoMyx's research. "Researchers cure cancer in mice all the time — but getting to the next step takes a lot more work," said Augustine V. Cheng, Skysong Innovations' CEO and chief legal officer. For OncoMyx to start human trials, the company needs to submit an Initial New Drug Application to the Food and Drug Administration and get that application approved. The application needs to include a great deal of data from mice trials to prove that the product is reasonably safe for initial testing in humans. Proving safety and effectiveness of the treatment is a high bar, meaning the company must spend the next year or two testing the virotherapy in mice and collecting data from those trials. Because each mouse trial takes at least eight weeks, each trial is also expensive. "Yes, I would love all of this to be faster and cheaper but the truth is ultimately we have the obligation to be safe," McFadden said. “To prove safety is absolutely critical and it’s not cheap, that’s the bottom line." In all, Potts determined that they would need at least $25 million to launch OncoMyx and complete the testing for the Initial New Drug Application. To get the money, Potts and his fellow co-founders started raising funds in early 2018 and began pitching the treatment to investors around the world in a process that Potts called "Shark Tank for nerds," a reference to the popular television show. In June 2019, with global investors from places like Hong Kong, OncoMyx succeeded in raising the full amount needed to start conducting mouse trials for the Initial New Drug Application. If all goes well, Potts said the first phase of human trials would likely start in about two to three years. This first phase would take a few months and, if it is a success, the company would start a second phase of human trials, which is a larger, longer-term study. This second phase would likely take another two to five years before the company could submit the virotherapy to the FDA for final approval as a treatment. All together, this treatment could reach a commercial market in four to eight years. Any unsuccessful trials or other hiccups in the process could prolong the process. Cheng believes this treatment is well worth the time and effort. "Virotherapy is one of the hottest areas in cancer treatment right now," he said. "And nobody else is working with myxoma virus. "This virus may end up curing many cancers." Support local journalism. Subscribe to today.
What Is Leadership? The Answer Is Not So Easy To Nail Down Much has been and continues to be written about being a great leader. Yet, for all the consideration and discourse surrounding this topic, it’s surprisingly difficult to nail down an answer to the question at the heart of it all: what is leadership? Wondering what #leadership is, exactly? Here's the answer... Click To Tweet What is leadership? When considering a definition of leadership, a range of other terms come to the fore: followers, influence, power, etc. At first glance leadership appears to be centered around a relationship between the “leader” (who, it is presupposed, possesses and wields “leadership”) and their followers, who are manipulated (ideally with benevolence) through influence and power to lend their energy and effort toward the accomplishment of some goal. Leadership in this case, then, can be conceptualized as the ability to align others in the pursuit of a common objective. This seems like a nice and tidy answer to the question “what is leadership?”… until you consider instances in which teams are achieving alignment and reaching common goals in the absence of a clear leader. Writing in Leadership In Action, Wilfred Drath posits that leadership is best considered from the perspective of outcomes. He sees leadership as a process rather than some individual trait or tool, meaning leadership can be collaborative rather than dictatorial. What is leadership in this instance, then? Drath suggests that where direction, alignment and commitment (DAC) are produced, leadership as a process has been followed. Drath illustrates this idea with a familiar scenario: a group of friends discussing what to do with their evening. Ideas are suggested by various members of the group and other members agree or disagree with those suggestions. Compromises are made as everybody’s moods and preferences are taken into account and, even if the plan changes on the fly and progresses along with the evening, a consensus is ultimately reached that looks different than it would have if one friend stood up and tried to exert influence and power to steer the group toward their own idea for the evening. Leadership is not management An alternative approach to answering the question “what is leadership?” is to first consider what leadership is not. One such distinction is between management and leadership. Managers can, of course, possess and exercise leadership, but leadership is not required for management. Likewise, leadership does not require or involve management. Make no mistake: #Leadership is not #management Click To Tweet It’s easy and understandable to confuse the two terms and concepts, but The Wall Street Journal Guide To Management makes the distinction quite clear with a list of comparisons. This selection from that list illustrates the differences quite succinctly: • Managers maintain while leaders develop. • Managers ask “how?” and “when?” while leaders ask “what?” and “why?” • Managers accept the status quo while leaders challenge it. • Managers do things right while leaders do the right thing. If this concept of managers existing only to carry out orders strikes you as bleak, that’s probably because this black and white view is rarely reflective of reality. The best managers, of course, are often great leaders within their managerial capacity and end up landing somewhere in the middle of the two opposite poles suggested by these comparisons. Were it not for the limitations of structure and authority, many of these managers would shift to the “leader” side of that spectrum. The struggle between power and resistance The concept of authority brings the discussion of “what is leadership?” back around to power as it relates to the first of five major forms that power can take. Legitimate power is the possession of authority within the organization. A manager, for instance, has legitimate power within the realm of his duties and responsibilities by the very virtue of being a manager. The organizational expectation is that subordinates to a position of legitimate power will follow the orders of their leader. But, as we’ve seen, merely being a manager does not automatically make you a leader. Reward power is enjoyed by those who are able to offer and deliver desired incentives in exchange for compliance. It is best understood as a form of transactional leadership and can be conceptualized as “pulling rather than pushing”. Think of the carrot and the stick. Now think of only the stick and you’re onto coercive power, the reverse side of the same coin. A person with coercive power has the capability of punishing subordinates for real or perceived infractions and their power is derived from fear of encountering their wrath. You’re familiar with this if you’ve had a manager who uses phrases like “we need to make an example out of her”. These first three forms of power are usually supported by the organization itself and are unlikely to effect you outside of the organizational context. Which is to say: your manager might have the power to dictate what time you take your lunch break but if they attempted to call you at home and tell you what time to eat dinner you would likely have a few choice words for them. Power can also be generated by the individual. Referent power is achieved by those people who you would most like to have a beer with. They rolled with the cool kids in high school (probably because they didn’t say things like “rolled with the cool kids”) and if you had the same birthday as them, everybody would go to their party instead of yours (sorry, dude). Their power over others is derived from their ability to control access to a valuable resource: themselves. Expert power is likewise individual and relates to the breadth and depth of knowledge the power-holder has about something that you would like to know more about. Academics, researchers, and critics enjoy expert power within certain fields but hobbyists can ascend to this level, as well. If you are trying to decide between buying an Xbox or a Playstation, for example, you’ll likely seek out the opinions of video game bloggers who know more about both systems than you would ever have the time to learn independently. You defer to their expert opinion and thereby grant them the power to influence your actions. #Power is only one component of great #leadership Click To Tweet All five sources of power rely heavily upon context. You wouldn’t vote for a video game blogger in a presidential election, nor would you seriously consider Obama’s thoughts on the merits of the Playstation 4 (or maybe you would, because Obama is rad). A science teacher would likely be less impressive if forced to teach a literature class and – as we’ve said – your manager at work doesn’t command much respect outside of the office. Yet the most fortunate among you will have come in contact with people whose influence transcends the context in which you first encountered them. Professors who made you want to be a better husband or wife, managers who were able to help you lead a healthier lifestyle within and without your office life, or presidents who inspired you to buy a Playstation 4 (we didn’t mean to suggest that this is impossible). Can the answer to our question of “what is leadership?” not be found in these examples? Leadership is not about you Think back to our hypothetical group of friends deciding what to do with their evening. We’ve said that there is no legitimate power in play here; that no one friend is “in charge” of the evening. Expert power may be exercised by the foodie friend who suggests a restaurant but conflict may be created when a friend with referent power over some members of the group suggests a different place. Compromise might be enforced by a friend with coercive power (we all have a friend with a short fuse) and ultimately settled with reward power (buy one get free vouchers are a great way to make friends!). The different forms of power, then, bounce off one another but all in the name of reaching a common goal: consensus on where to eat dinner. Even in the absence of an appointed “leader” or any formal management structure it is easy to see that direction, alignment, and commitment have been produced and in this interplay of power types we can make an important observation: that leadership is not about any one person – it is about the common good. Those transcendental figures who influence us outside of their contextual power know this best. A manager who inspires you to make healthier choices within and without the office is able to influence you in this way because they were thinking of you and not themselves; your own wellbeing and not the company’s bottom line. If their interest is the common good, they know that your wellbeing is an important factor of that common good. Remember: great #leadership is not about you Click To Tweet So: what is leadership? Based on our examination today, leadership can be defined as the employment of power to achieve direction, alignment and commitment toward a common goal with the aim of maximizing satisfaction among all stakeholders. See, that wasn’t so hard! Now: who else needs a nap? Lead from the front with Blrt There is no easier way to achieve direction, alignment and commitment than to lead your team with Blrt. Establish expert power in collaboration by getting everyone on the same page in cloud-based conversation. The human element will be restored to your communication as you and your team talk, point and draw over images, documents and websites. Get started toward your common goal today: About Blrt Blrt helps you get your point across quickly by allowing you to talk, point and draw over images, documents and websites. The resulting video-like recording is called a Blrt. Your Blrts require much less bandwidth than video and can be shared with anyone on mobile or desktop. This makes Blrt ideal for both collaboration and the creation and sharing of dynamic content, as public Blrts can be embedded into any webpage. Once recorded, Blrts are stored in the cloud and are exchanged with others in a conversation-like fashion. A record is kept of the exchange, and new parties and media can be added at any time. Blrt shifts time and place, allowing users in a conversation to participate in their own time. In an era where activity-based working and distributed teams are commonplace, Blrt is revolutionising the way people interact to get things done. Get everyone on the same page Recent Posts
Black Lives Matter Has Three Parts: The true message The healthy movement And a corrupt organization Black lives not only matter, but they contribute to American communities. Families form the essential backbone of many black businesses. Black business ownership of health care, social assistance, remediation, and professional services has expanded 32% over the past 40 years, providing an vital stream of income for black communities. End Racism Black Lives Matter has successfully brought attention, focus, discussion, and solutions to the plights of the black community, especially during the COVID era. ActBlue is a nonprofit conduit that takes money from many small donors and funnels it into various political causes. In the week following the killing of George Floyd, ActBlue raised $19 million. How much has ActBlue given back to black communities? This chart shows how much money ActBlue made in 2018. They pulled in $23 million and gave $6.7 million to an organization known as Thousand Currents. They also gave $5 million to a group called Alliance for Global Justice. Thousand Currents gave $2.6 million to the Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation. Alliance for Global Justice took at least 7% of the money they received and gave no more than $4.69 million to the Movement for Black Lives. From ActBlue’s initial $23.5 million revenue, between $2.6 million and $7.29 million made it to Black Lives Matter. In 2018, between 11% and 31% of the donations ActBlue raised in the name of George Floyd went to Black Lives Matter. How little of that went into actual black communities is unknown. It is becoming very difficult to hide that Black Profits Matter the most to groups like ActBlue. Money Flow These organizations keep huge amounts of the donations they raise on behalf of Black Lives Matter. The black communities of America see this shell game and are starting to rightfully call it out. The Want You Scared They Harm The Message BLM organizations pay their long-time friends to bring violence to the local areas black communities rely upon. They Harm Black Communities The professional agitators hired by BLM organizations make no distinction between black-owned businesses and black-owned businesses that rely on local support. The Harm Black Reputation BLM organizations bus people from out-of-state to cause havoc to local areas... and then leave all of the blame on black communities in the surrounding areas. When many of the Black Lives Matter organizations raise money off of black tragedies and suffering, we know they keep at least 69% of it for themselves to pay their friends. So who are these well-paid friends? This guide explains who these friends are and why the Black Lives Matter organizations wants to keep them paid. The more these friends can promote conflict around the Black Lives Matter message, the more money the organizations can keep for themselves. The message behind the Black Lives Matter movement comes from several important motivations: empowerment, hope, community, and excitement. In-depth interviews with the well-paid agitators within the organization revealed why they saw Black Lives Matter as a chance to further their professional political careers. They also demonstrated little interest in actual black community stewardship. We Want To Hear From You On How To Help Preserve The Message 2020 Doesn't Have To Be Like This The message matters The movement matters The organization needs reform Choose Freedom Over Fear
English-Norwegian translation of seaman Translation of the word seaman from english to norwegian, with synonyms, antonyms, verb conjugation, pronunciation, anagrams, examples of use. seaman in Norwegian nauticalnoun sjømann [u], sjøfarer [u] Synonyms for seaman Derived terms of seaman Similar words Definitions of seaman 1. Seaman - muckraking United States journalist who exposed bad conditions in mental institutions (1867-1922) = Synonym = Antonym = Related word Seaman is one of the lowest ranks in a Navy. In the Commonwealth it is the lowest rank in the Navy, followed by Able Seaman and Leading Seaman, and followed by the Petty Officer ranks. In the United States it means the lowest three enlisted rates of the U.S. Your last searches
The Boston Tea Party views updated The Boston Tea Party Book excerpt By: George R.T. Hewes Date: 1834 Source: Hawkes, James A. Retrospect of the Boston Tea Party, with a Memoir of George R. T. Hewes … New York: S. S. Bliss, 1834. About the Author: George R. T. Hewes was a shoemaker who lived in Boston, Massachusetts, during the mid–1700s. He both witnessed and participated in several of the major revolutionary events of that time period, including the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. He later provided historian James Hawkes with an account of his experiences. The Boston Tea Party was one of several events leading up to the start of the American Revolutionary War. In the 1760s, the British passed several laws that regulated taxes on the colonists, including the Sugar Act of 1764, taxing sugar, coffee, and wine; the Stamp Act of 1765, which taxed items such as newspapers and playing cards; and the Townshend Acts of 1767, which levied taxes on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. The money raised by the taxes was supposedly to cover the cost of governing the colonies. At the same time, colonists were denied representation in the British parliament. This lack of representation led to numerous pre-Revolution protests, most notably that led by John Hancock (1737–1793). Hancock organized a boycott of tea provided by the East India Company, which was subject to an import tax, and helped to enforce the boycott by smuggling tea in so that the colonists would not go without their favored beverage. The result was the Tea Act, passed by the British to enable the East India Company to sell directly to the colonies. Most American ports refused to allow the ships bringing in the tea to land, however, the British-appointed governor in Boston, Governor Hutchinson, assisted the tea merchants. The tea would be brought ashore by force, and the British military docked at the wharf would provide backup. The Boston Tea Party resulted from the colonists' refusal to allow the British governor or the East India Company to force them to accept the merchandise. Compared to many of the other events leading up to the start of the Revolutionary War, the Boston Tea Party was a peaceful, quiet protest—no one was injured or killed and damage was minimal. In addition, the action was the colonists' last resort, following their attempts to go through proper channels by appealing to Governor Hutchinson to intervene regarding the threatened unloading of the tea. Only after this attempt failed did the colonists finally decide to take matters into their own hands. The colonists gathered at the South Meeting House before heading to the wharf. Although it has not been proved, Samuel Adams (1722–1803) is rumored to have been the organizing force behind the protest. The participants, known as the Sons of Liberty, dressed as Mohawk Indians as a way to disguise their identities rather than attempting to actually impersonate Indians or to appear more frightening. During the event itself, they remained focused on their task, destroying the tea by throwing it off of the ships in the harbor. A total of forty-five tons of tea was dumped off of the three ships. The colonists carefully guarded against theft for personal gain or any other type of illegal activity, their goal being to make a political statement, not to be labeled as criminals. The Boston Tea Party engendered mixed reactions. Some colonists felt that vandalism of any sort, even the destruction of the tea, was inappropriate behavior. Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) went so far as to offer to compensate the East India Company for their monetary loss. Prior to the protest, the East India Company had been experiencing financial difficulties due to mismanagement and corruption. This was a part of the reason that the company had been so anxious to maintain a monopoly on tea sales to the colonies. The British labeled the colonists as criminals and accused them of behaving as spoiled children. They retaliated by enacting the Coercive Acts, also known as the Intolerable Acts, by way of punishment. These acts included a bill that banned the port in Boston from loading or unloading any ship in Boston harbor. Any royal official in Massachusetts was offered protection, and any court cases dealing with the suppression of riots or tax collection were remanded to England. As a final blow, the British took over the appointment of Massachusetts' government officials, essentially stripping the colony of its government charter. Not all of the results were negative, however. Other colonial ports took note of the events of the Boston Tea Party and, sympathizing with the Boston colonists, began taking a stronger stand in their own harbors. Tax collectors working for the British governors found it more difficult than ever to collect revenue, and some were even tarred and feathered. Tension escalated as the colonists resisted the stricter edicts set by the British government. This led to more protests and, eventually, to the formation of the First Continental Congress as a means of organizing the colonies to present a unified front in their rebellion against Britain. After that it was only a matter of months before the colonists went to war against the British. Young, Alfred F. The Shoemaker and the Tea Party: Memory and the American Revolution. Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, 2000. Web sites Boston Tea Party Historical Society. "The Boston Tea Party." <> (accessed May 24, 2006). University of Virginia. Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities. "Resistance to Revolution." <> (accessed May 24, 2006). About this article The Boston Tea Party Updated About content Print Article
Apples & Oranges The Electoral College was set up to represent what the Voters of each State voted into Office for President in States that have Electorals. Unfortunately, in 2016, that did not happen. Not all followed through on this Duty described in the US Constitution and were only fined small amounts by the Courts. When you consider Trump had 48.2% & Hillary had 46.1% explain exact percentage those 4 Electoral flipping really caused in the 2016 Election that you Failed to include in your article to the Public and how they impacted the true Majority Vote of the People of the United States. Shawnee McCartor User menu NCW Media Newspapers
Skip to content Goats walking across one of the few paved roads People walking on either side of the narrow road On a Roadway in Malawi … There are few paved roads in Malawi, and even fewer without dangerous pavement breaks along the edges of the roadway. Most roads are narrow, and most are rut-carved dirt roads, with an abundance of potholes. Even being on one of the decent roads, it is still dangerous. Large trucks are filled to a width that is wider than the narrow lane they are expected to stay within, and people walking in the gravel near the edge of the tarmac make it necessary for the truck to ride the centerline to miss clipping unsuspecting pedestrians. There are the animals that run across the road in front of the vehicles. Goats especially seem to feel it is almost always necessary to be on the opposite side of the road just ahead of the car passing. And finally, don’t forget the vehicles that break down directly in the roadway and the only warning is a tree limb lying in the road not far from the breakdown location. Cars trying to stay in their lanes on a narrow road At night, it could be catastrophic to hit either a goat or a human being walking on or near the roadway, or for that matter to come upon a vehicle breakdown sitting right in the middle of your lane. All in all, the roads in Malawi are among the most dangerous aspects of the country. Scroll To Top
Schematic diagram of the photocatalyst and location of the key charge separation event which splits water. Yiyang Li, University of Oxford (2020) Raising the temperature can allow photocatalysts to use the sun’s energy to split water more effectively. A promising option for sustainable energy would be to use sunlight to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. These products can then be recombined, releasing energy and water. Achieving this enticing fuel cycle in practice, however, requires finding efficient and robust photocatalysts to absorb light and facilitate the key water-splitting reaction. Yiyang Li and Edman Tsang at the University of Oxford, UK, review progress towards this aim in the journal Materials Today Sustainability. “The key to enhancing the photocatalytic performance is to improve the light absorption,” says Tsang, “but in our own research we noticed that higher light absorption does not necessarily lead to better catalytic activities.” This observation motivated the authors to focus on recent studies offering novel strategies for improving photocatalytic performance. One particularly promising insight, identified by the authors in their own work, is that catalysts operating at higher temperatures promote the key water-splitting reaction more effectively. Solar energy is trapped when it serves to separate particles with different electric charges within the catalytic system. The higher energy ‘photo-exciton’ state generated by this fundamental process drives the water-splitting reactions. The efficiency depends on limiting the tendency for the separated charges to recombine. Raising the temperature to the region of 270 degrees Celsius suppresses this recombination. “This novel strategy could open a new direction for innovations in this field,” says Tsang. The authors emphasize that hydrogen gas generated by water splitting offers the cleanest chemical fuel for mankind. Water and sunlight are abundant and freely available, and the operation of the cyclic splitting and recombination process is itself pollution-free. There are challenges in the transport and storage of hydrogen fuel, but these are steadily being addressed and met by ongoing research. The work by Tsang’s own research group began by modifying the structure of semiconductor crystals composed of magnesium, nitrogen, titanium and oxygen. This led them to demonstrate a laboratory-scale water-splitting system at elevated temperatures that is at least 100 times as efficient as most results reported by other researchers. Although the authors review other developments in the fast-moving research endeavour, they believe that highlighting their own discoveries will offer other researchers assistance in their work. Tsang explains that improving the overall efficiency of the systems is the key to making water splitting a practical industrial-scale energy capture and storage technology. Considerable progress is being made, but more is required to meet the desired targets, such as that set by the US Department of Energy of a hydrogen price in the 2–4 US dollar range. “This will require efficiencies of 10 per cent,” says Tsang, in contrast with the one per cent achieved by the most efficient systems demonstrated so far. By further developing innovations, including those considered in this review, the authors believe this to be a realistic goal for the future. Article details: Li, Y. & Tsang, S.C.E. “Recent progress and strategies for enhancing photocatalytic water splitting,” Materials Today Sustainability (2020)
June 12, 2012 (Boston, Massachusetts) — Some adults with insomnia may actually be afraid of the dark, a small pilot study of college students hints. Researchers found that more students who were poor sleepers reported they are afraid of the dark, and then confirmed this finding using objective measures of anxiety in dark and light conditions. A phobia related to darkness may bring on anxiety and a state of arousal when people turn out the lights at bedtime, in turn fueling sleep problems, the findings suggest. "This could be an eye-opener, if we find this phobia in a range of adults with insomnia," principal investigator Colleen Carney, PhD, from Ryerson University Sleep & Depression Laboratory in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, told Medscape Medical News. "It means we have to start assessing for a phobia in poor sleepers, which we don't do at the moment. The good thing is we can treat fear of the dark with systematic exposure therapy that could be done at a sleep clinic or any clinic." Dr. Carney reported her findings here at SLEEP 2012: Associated Professional Sleep Societies 26th Annual Meeting. Results Interesting, Relevant "These results are very interesting and relevant," Geneviève Belleville, PhD, from Laval University, Quebec, Canada, who was not involved in the study, told Medscape Medical News. "We have known for a long time that anxiety is closely related to insomnia. Insomniacs report more stress, worry more, and are more likely to suffer from anxiety disorders. However, to my humble knowledge, I think this is the first time that insomnia is directly put in relation with dark-related phobias," she added. In treating people with insomnia, Dr. Carney said she's found they often have a lot of behaviors that suggest they have a phobia about the dark. For example, they may sleep with the light, computer, or TV on. "Another common scenario in insomnia is they fall asleep on the couch, they go upstairs, get into bed, turn off the light, and it's like a switch goes off and they are wide awake," she explained. This prompted her to investigate fear of the dark in 93 college students (76% women; mean age, 22 years). All of them completed the Insomnia Severity Index, which classified them as good or poor sleepers, and a fear of the dark questionnaire. "We didn't think people were actually going to admit that they were afraid of the dark," Dr. Carney told Medscape Medical News, "but surprisingly almost half of the patients admitted to being afraid of the dark." And more poor sleepers (46%) than good sleepers (26%) said they had current fear of the dark (P = .05). Fear Confirmed Objectively The study team also assessed fear of the dark objectively by assessing the startle (eye blink) response. "We are looking at blinking, because this is one of the most robust ways to look at startle, it's something we can't control, and we hypothesized that the poor sleepers would startle more in the dark but not in the light," Dr. Carney said. To do this objective test, the researchers had participants listen to bursts of a sudden noise in headsets while in a bedroom in both light and dark conditions. "They would hear a tiny sound, not a disturbing sound, but enough that if you are tense it will make you startle," Dr. Carney explained. The researchers found that, in the light, the good and the poor sleepers had exactly the same startle response, but in the dark, "some interesting things happened," Dr. Carney said. "The poor sleepers were more easily startled. They blink right after the sound and interestingly they become more and more scared as the experiment goes on in the dark. But when we do the test in the light, this goes away; bring back the dark and they actually get more anxious as time goes on, which is something that shouldn't happen unless you have a phobia," she explained. In contrast, Dr. Carney found that the good sleepers were less scared in the dark and actually became less scared in the dark as time went on, "which is what we would expect with habituation," she said. "Even if something startles you initially you start to get use to it. So the good sleepers actually habituate but the poor sleepers actually develop anticipatory anxiety and get more anxious as the test goes on." Implications for Treatment This study specifically looked at young adults, and Dr. Carney said her team would now like to test for fear of the dark in a wider range of adults who are poor sleepers. The current findings, she said, could have "important" implications for the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia vs phobia. "CBT is the gold standard for chronic insomnia and one of the things we get people to do, which is every effective, is stimulus control. We ask them to leave the bedroom whenever they are awake or upset or tense. The problem with that is that we send them to the next room, which is going to be lit and that is actually how phobia is maintained. This may be one of those cases were we have to modify CBT for insomnia." Dr. Belleville agrees. "If we were to confirm that an individual cannot sleep because he or she is afraid of the dark, the proposed treatment strategies would be completely opposed to those we normally offer to insomniacs. For example, we might use repeated and prolonged exposure to dark places, including the bedroom, to help the person to overcome his or her fear," she explained. The authors and Dr. Belleville have disclosed no relevant financial relationships. SLEEP 2012: Associated Professional Sleep Societies 26th Annual Meeting. Abstract #0666. Presented June 11, 2012. 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Main Menu Mental Game Coach: Five Elements of Effective Imagery Missy Gannon visualizes a shot during the 2020 Women's National Championship. Photo: Alyssa Van Lanen By Dane Anderson Have you ever been encouraged by a teammate, parent, or coach to “visualize” success? The theory behind such a directive is that the more you can imagine yourself playing the way you want to, the higher the chances are that the image will come to pass in real life. It is reasonable to believe that having mental pictures of ideal performance can provide athletes with a target to aim for during competition. The question is, how do you actually create these pictures whenever or wherever you need to? Imagery is the process through which an athlete constructs an imaginary picture, a psychological blueprint of sorts, of executing skills critical to success. For example, a disc golfer may imagine sinking a 40-foot putt in a critical point in the round or throwing a phenomenal drive through a series of trees and bushes to set up the next shot nicely. Such images have three purposes: 1. Provide a plan of action heading into the shot. 2. Inspire confidence in one’s abilities. 3. Decrease physical symptoms of anxiety (rapid heart rate, perspiration, trembling hands) and increase focus. Imagery, however, goes beyond visualization. Effective psychological blueprints for success include five components: 1. Visual – What do you see unfolding in the image? 2. Auditory – What do you hear in the image? 3. Kinesthetic – What do you physically feel in the image? 4. Emotional – What are your emotional reactions to the image? 5. Control – How well can you dictate the outcome of the image? These five elements of effective imagery help your mind create a vivid, lifelike representation of how you intend to play the game. They make your images congruent with lived experience and can thus translate to improvement on the course. It is helpful to start building images incorporating one of the five elements of imagery at a time. For example, if you know you are visually inclined when you use your imagination, start there. Set the scene imagining what you might see on the course. Then, add in the kinesthetic sense. How would this moment physically feel? Work your way down the list. There is no one “right” way to build images, just incorporate the elements in a sequence that best suits your intellectual creativity. What if you don’t know which imagery components are your strongest? Here are four scenarios to test your imagery abilities: Scenario 1: Imagine yourself practicing disc golf in a familiar place where you practice most often, without anyone present. Close your eyes for one minute and imagine seeing, hearing, feeling, and experiencing the emotions of this practice session as vividly as possible. Scenario 2: Imagine yourself practicing in the same place, but with at least two other people present. This time, you miss an easy shot that you normally make without much difficulty. Now imagine yourself trying the shot again, this time successfully, while the other people are still present. Close your eyes for one minute and imagine seeing, hearing, feeling, and experiencing the emotions of this situation as vividly as possible. Scenario 3: Imagine a competitor or teammate making a successful shot at a pivotal point in the round. Close your eyes for one minute and imagine seeing, hearing, feeling, and experiencing the emotions of this situation as vividly as possible. Your only role in this image is to be aware of your own physical presence. Scenario 4: Imagine yourself performing well under pressure during a tournament. Imagine those around you cheering and celebrating your success. Close your eyes for one minute and imagine seeing, hearing, feeling, and experiencing the emotions of this competition as vividly as possible. For each scenario, rate your imagery abilities by using a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = I did not get this element of the image clearly at all, 5 = I imagined this part of the image as clearly as possible). Your scores will reveal your imagery strengths and growth edges as you consider building your own mental pictures of your best, most resilient performance. • I saw myself clearly during this scenario: • I heard the sounds of this image clearly: • I physically felt the movements of this image: • I was aware of my mood and emotions in this image: • I was able to control how this image unfolded: To practice imagery, it is helpful to spend 5-10 minutes each day imagining the scenarios you are most likely to encounter on the course. You can use these images the night before a big tournament, as you warm up before the round begins, or right before you attempt a shot. Notice how your confidence grows as you build your imagery skills, enhancing the images with all five components. The positive pictures you create can help you replace the negative ones that arise from fear of failure or previous poor performance. Adopt a growth mindset by committing to regular imagery practice and see what happens to your game. Dane Anderson is a doctoral candidate offering sport psychology and mental skills training services to athletes looking to improve their mental game. He teaches skills including goal-setting, self-talk and imagery. Contact him at [email protected] or call 541-414-4289 Submit a comment Log in or register to post comments
Environment Agency identifies sites for hydro power Michael Hunt The Environment Agency has identified 2,300 sites within rivers in the North West where small-scale hydroelectric turbines could be installed to power 140,000 homes. According to a study by the Environment Agency, it found turbines could be installed at the locations to generate electricity from the water without damaging wildlife in rivers around the region. The study said there were 58 potential win-wins within the North West, representing 23% of the power potential, where a hydropower scheme with a fish pass could deliver an improvement in the local environment as well as renewable electricity. Within the UK, almost 26,000 locations have been identified where small-scale hydroelectric turbines could be installed to power 850,000 homes. Its study said the turbines could produce 1.5% of the UK's electricity needs, but not all of the sites are viable for development due to difficulty accessing the local electricity grid. Tony Grayling, head of climate change and sustainable development at the Environment Agency, said: "Some hydropower schemes have the potential to deliver low carbon electricity and improve the local environment for wildlife, for example by improving fish migration. But there will inevitably be some sites where the risk to the environment outweighs the benefits of power generation." The study said around half the sites in the UK would need fish-friendly measures such as screens to stop fish getting killed by turbines. The Environment Agency estimates that a medium-sized scheme, costing £100,000 to £150,000 to set up and providing enough electricity to power 32 homes, could receive around £25,000 a year in funding. Your Comments Read our comments policy here
Analog Angle Article Losing some weight (Note: this is a longer version of a column which appeared in EE Times print edition. ) The kilogram, the standard unit of mass, is the only one of the seven key International System of Units (SI) units that is still based on a physical artifact. It's a cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy, about 39 mm high and 39 mm in diameter, housed in a temperature-controlled vault near Paris. Other standards, such as the meter and the second, are now defined in terms of reproducible standards. For the meter, it's the wavelength of a transition of krypton energy states; for the second, it's the period of a hyperfine transition of cesium. The lonely kilogram has no such equivalent reproducible standards, notes an article in the April 2006 issue of Physics Today . Other metrology labs must use a tiered set of copies, and copies of copies, of the master kilogram, depending on where they are in the hierarchy. Even the master unit has its problems: it has lost weight, about 50 parts per billion (ppb), while being handled and used for calibration of those secondary standards. In addition, there are unavoidable measurement errors when comparing the master to other units. Scientists say that this error is also on the order of 50 ppb. The goal of replacing this master artifact has challenged engineers and scientist for many years, and several alternatives are being explored at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM, in French, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, in the US. One approach involves a “watt balance” which has a test mass in a balance pan, which in turn is connected to a copper coil which creates an electromagnetic force which balances the mass. By measuring the coil current, the velocity and voltage of the coil (which is moving within a field produced by a superconducting magnet), and other factors, the mass in the pan is determined, after many calculations and correction factors are applied. . While the unit of mass may seem removed from most electronic measurement, it's not. The ampere is formally defined in terms of the force between two infinitely long, parallel, current-carrying wires. It also affects, indirectly, precision metrology used in IC fabrication equipment, where billions of dollars are at stake. There's another approach that sounds simple: just count the number of atoms of a pure substance, such as a silicon crystal, using x-ray and optical interferometry, to a specified count such as Avogadro's number. Though simple in theory, it's very tough in practice, as so many other things. Then there's a radically different approach: forget about having the kilogram as a basic unit. Instead, define mass in terms of other physical constants such as Planck's constant h , the Josephson constant 2e/h , and the von Klitzing constant h/e2 . However, the uncertainty using these constants is still around 50 ppb, so it's a lot of work for no real gain. Plus, there's something counterintuitive about defining something as tangible as mass in terms of such abstract constants. It looks like a cheat solution: “since we can't measure that item as well as we'd like to, we'll just conveniently define our way out of the problem.” This approach doesn't sit well with lots of folks, technical or not-so-technical. It turns out that creating a reproducible mass standard (or “electronic kilogram”) is a very tough problem, as are all high-precision real-world measurements. At their core, they involve analog measurements and control, even when operating in the discrete world of counting atoms and assessing quantum states. Software and higher-processors won't help when you are diving down into these ppb regimes. It's with good reason that standards-settings bodies of the various countries are loath to change to a new definition, unless it can be clearly shown to offer better accuracy, easier measurement, and reduced uncertainty. Bill Schweber , Site Editor, Planet Analog 0 comments on “Losing some weight Leave a Reply
Happy Birthday in Japanese In this lesson we learn how to wish a friend happy birthday in Japanese. Listen carefully to the Japanese pronunciation of happy birthday and practice speaking aloud until you feel confident. Resources for further reading: Pronouncing Happy Birthday in Japanese Practice Your Pronunciation With Rocket Record おたんじょうび　おめでとう！ Otanjōbi omedetō! Happy Birthday! The "o" at the beginning of tanjyoubi is an honorific prefix to show politeness. Without the honorific "o", the word for birthday is: You can also use omedetou as an informal way to congratulate someone in general. It's very useful! Let's practice it on its own: Asking for someone's age Here is a useful phrase when you want to ask your friend how old they are turning! なん　さい　です　か？ Nan sai desu ka? How old are (you)? (informal) You might hear their reply in the following format - 私の誕生日は .... 年 .... 月 .... 日ですわたしの　たんじょうびは　 .... ねん　.... がつ　.... にち　です Watashino tanjōbiwa (year) nen (month) gatsu (day) nichi desu. My birthday is on [day] [month] [year]. That's all for today! Be sure to use these phrases the next time you want to wish a friend "happy birthday" in Japanese. Here are a few recommended Japanese lessons to try next! Sayaka Matsuura: Rocket Japanese Make It Stick With Rocket Reinforcement Reinforce your learning from this lesson with the Rocket Reinforcement activities!
Kaitlin Broderick LCPC Social Anxiety is one of the most prevalent forms of anxiety affecting people today. So what is the difference between social anxiety and just being shy? With social anxiety, meeting new people or just any situation where there are a lot of people present can give rise to an excessive fear of saying something “awkward or embarrassing”. New situations can be uncomfortable for anyone but with a person who is socially anxious, the feeling can be all-encompassing and may lead to avoidant behaviors such as skipping a friend’s party or a job interview out of fear of how others will perceive you. Socially anxious people still have a desire to connect with others yet the fear of being perceived in a negative light overrides the desire for connection. The anxiety about the situation is disproportionate to the actual situation. It can lead to an increase in negative thoughts both before and after (such as replaying a situation over and over in your mind even after it has ended). The following are some tips for helping to cope with social anxiety. 1. Sometimes going towards the fear and looking at the worst-case scenario can be helpful. For example, if you are going to a party, what is the worst possible thing that can happen? Would you be able to survive that? Sometimes we might do something embarrassing but are the consequences really as long term as you are imagining? Ask yourself how much this will matter in a year from now or even a month. On the same hand, you can also think about what the best-case scenario of going to the party would be, such as meeting a new friend. Looking at the actual evidence is also a valid tool. Do you have proof that others are perceiving you in a negative light or laughing at you? Even telling yourself a mantra such as “this is uncomfortable but I can handle it” can be useful. It may also be helpful to look at the past and think of how you have managed to get through these situations before. 2. Another helpful tool is mindfulness. Mindfulness keeps you focused on the here and now instead of being lost in your thoughts or projecting into the future. Much of anxiety tends to be future-focused and persists of an intense preoccupation with what could go wrong. You can practice mindfulness in social situations just by taking a deep breath and focusing on what is actually going on in this present moment. If feeling overwhelmed you can always step away from the crowd and take a few deep breaths, returning when you feel a little calmer. If you are visual you can think of your thoughts like leaves floating down a river where the leaves are your thoughts. See them, observe them, and let them pass by without being entangled in them and accepting them as the absolute truth. 3. Like with anything, the more you do something the easier it becomes. It may be tempting to stay home where it is comfortable and you don’t have to put yourself in an anxiety-provoking situation but the more you avoid it, the harder it becomes. The fear won’t completely leave you, but the more you do it, the more you will find ways of handling it. You will learn to sit with the uncomfortable feelings and realize that is it is manageable and you can handle it. Also, the more you go out and meet people, the more you might start to have positive associations with these experiences. If you find you are struggling with social anxiety these tips can be helpful, but it may be most beneficial to talk to a licensed therapist to get help. If you would like to discuss social anxiety with a skilled therapist, contact Symmetry Counseling today. We offer a range of counseling services in Chicago to help support your mental health and well-being.
Powering 4000 Homes: One Wind Turbine Migrated Image Enercon, Germany's largest wind turbine manufacturer, now makes the most powerful wind turbine in the world, the E112. This giant turbine was upgraded, so that instead of generating 4.5 megawatts, it now produces 6 megawatts — that's enough to supply power to 4000 homes in Germany. It's named the E112 because it has a rotor diameter of 112 meters (about 367 feet). It also has an innovative gearless drive system, so it doesn't require any oil to operate. The tips of the turbine's blades are tilted to reduce noise emissions. Other distinctive features include the drop-shaped turbine housing, which was designed by Sir Norman Foster, and the turbines towers, which are painted light green at their base to blend in with their surroundings. One of these turbines is being used to supply power in Dardesheim. This remarkable town makes use of renewable power almost exclusively. Manufacturers have been increasing the size of turbines over the past few decades, as this diagram shows:
The bluebird didn't realize what she was getting herself into when she chose her new home, about 75 yards from a natural gas compressor. It was only as the days and weeks wore on that the low whine of machinery started to take a toll. It was harder to hear the sounds of approaching predators, or even the normal noises of the surrounding world, so she had to maintain constant vigilance. Her stress hormone levels became skewed; her health deteriorated. She couldn't resettle elsewhere, because she had a nest full of hatchlings to tend. Yet her chicks suffered too, growing up small and scantily feathered — if they survived at all. Scientists couldn't ask the bluebird what she was feeling. But when they sampled the bird's blood, as part of a study of 240 nesting sites surrounding natural gas treatment facilities in northern New Mexico, they found she showed the same physiological symptoms as a human suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. “Noise is causing birds to be in a situation where they're chronically stressed . . . and that has really huge health consequences for birds and their offspring,” said Rob Guralnick, associate curator of biodiversity informatics at the Florida Museum of Natural History. The research was conducted at the Bureau of Land Management's Rattlesnake Canyon Habitat Management Area, a sun-drenched expanse of sage-brush-covered mesas and steep canyons forested with juniper and pinyon pine. The site is uninhabited, but it's dotted with natural gas wells and compression stations that emit a constant, low-frequency hum in roughly the same range as many birds' songs. That makes it the perfect place to study the effects of human-produced noise, far from humans themselves. But we were still concerned there might be hidden costs when you measure other aspects of reproductive success,” Francis said. “That's why we wanted to look at stress hormones.” Blood tests revealed that levels of corticosterone in birds closest to the gas compressors were far, far lower than normal. This initially came as a surprise to the researchers, because corticosterone is the bird equivalent of cortisol — the hormone that prompts your body to release a flood of adrenaline, bump up your blood pressure, and jolt your brain with sugar. But then they took their results to Christopher Lowry, a stress physiologist at the University of Colorado at Boulder. To him, the results weren't surprising at all — it's what you would expect in a creature exposed to prolonged, persistent strain. Humans suffering from PTSD or chronic fatigue syndrome, and lab mice that have been put through traumatic experiences, respond by muting their hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis — the cascade of chemical responses that is triggered by stress. It's an adaptation to an untenable situation, Lowry said, but not a particularly good one; this tamping down of the HPA axis is tied to an overall deterioration of health. A human is likely to experience cardiovascular problems, gastrointestinal issues, extreme fatigue. Meanwhile, the western bluebird — a common, hardy species that is generally considered to be noise-tolerant, was smaller, its feathers bedraggled. Animals are constantly surveying their environment and making decisions based on risk. And one thing noise does is it degrades this really important sensory channel,” he said. “It very well may be that noise exposure really cuts an animal's ability to use sound or rely on passively listening for dangers, and that sets up conditions where risk assessment is really uncertain and leads to psychological conditions like anxiety.” “It gets really tricky,” Francis said. “We're going to need to come up with some really creative experiments to sort this out.” Read more:
‘Under the Sea-Wind:’ Rachel Carson’s First Literary Masterpiece Rachel Carson and Bob Hines, 1952. Via Wikimedia. Editor’s note: To celebrate Women’s History Month, expatalachians will publish a series of stories focusing on Appalachian women throughout March. Recognized globally for her writing, Rachel Carson’s work has shaped environmental policy and imaginations worldwide. The book Silent Spring made Carson a household name, though it was not her first work. Published in 1962, Silent Spring was groundbreaking, detailing the negative impacts of synthetic pesticides, namely DDT, on the environment. However, I want to call attention to another masterpiece: Under the Sea-Wind. The book details the beauty and tragedy of life in and around the sea. I did not hear of Under the Sea-Wind until this year, despite learning about Carson at various points in my education. That lack of knowledge for many people is understandable since Silent Spring “altered the course of history” and “influenced the environmental movement,” as The New York Times wrote. However, Silent Spring came several years after Carson garnered acclaim for other works, including Under the Sea-Wind and The Sea Around Us. Under the Sea-Wind was Carson’s first book. Although it struggled to gain attention when it was first published due to the onset of World War II, Under the Sea-Wind eventually made the New York Times best-seller list. Rachel Carson Homestead. Via Wikimedia. Carson’s journey to acclaimed author and environmentalist started with humble beginnings. She was born in a cabin in Springdale, Pennsylvania, just outside Pittsburgh, in 1907. Inclined to academics, Carson attended Pennsylvania College for Women (today Chatham University) in 1925 to study English before changing to biology. Her excellent marks secured her a full scholarship for a master’s degree in zoology at Johns Hopkins University. In 1935, she secured a job at the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries. In her part-time position, Carson created radio program scripts about marine life and wrote brochures for the department. When she submitted a brochure about marine life to the bureau chief, he rejected it, urging her instead to submit it to The Atlantic Monthly. It was the early draft of Undersea, which The Atlantic published and later became Under the Sea-Wind. By 1937, Carson had a full-time position as a biologist at the Bureau of Fisheries. Rachel Carson, 1944. Via Wikimedia. During her 15-year career in federal service, Carson found the time to research and write a variety of nature writings. Her literary side-hustle supported her family and eventually allowed her to move to Maine in 1953 to concentrate on writing full-time. In 1957 she began writing Silent Spring. There are so many more interesting details about Caron’s life that I am leaving out of this story. Luckily, there is a biography, Rachel Carson: Witness for Nature that gives a more detailed account. Additionally, Always, Rachel: The Letters of Rachel Carson and Dorothy Freeman, 1952–1964: An Intimate Portrait of a Remarkable Friendship is a collection of letters exchanged between Carson and Dorothy Freeman, a close friend, that reveals Carson’s personal side. Under the Sea-Wind reveals Carson’s literary genius. Through clear language, personification, and vivid description, she brings the ocean to us on land. Under the Sea-Wind is the deepest immersion in the sea without going scuba diving. What I love most about Under the Sea-Wind is how Carson narrates death (or the cycle of life) and the human entanglement in it all. Carson’s accounts of death convey the devastation and destruction along with its beauty. “For in the sea, nothing is lost. One dies, another lives, as the precious elements of life are passed on and on in endless chains,” she writes. Carson reframed death as a necessity of nature. Death gives life to the living: When he [ghost crab] saw the fisherman walking across the beach he dashed into the surf, preferring this refuge to flight. But a large channel bass was lurking nearby and in a twinkling the crab was seized and eaten. Later in the same day, the bass was attacked by sharks and what was left was cast up by the tide onto the sand. There the beach fleas, scavengers of the shore, swarmed over it and devoured it. Every creature is vying for survival and one creature’s demise is another’s victory. Each death sustains life, beginning with the smallest life forms. The endless chain of life and death (or death and life) is mundane and dramatic at the same moment: Meanwhile the fish, drained of life by separation from water, grew limp as all its struggles ceased. Like a mist gathering on a clear glass surface, a film clouded its eyes. Soon the iridescent greens and golds that made its body, in life, a thing of beauty had faded to dullness. The imagery here forces the reader to imagine the fish and watch the life drain from its vibrant and elegant form. There is sadness and beauty in death, but there is also violence, particularly at the hands of humans: The grebe soon drowned. Its body hung limply from the net, along with a score of silvery fish bodies with heads pointing upstream in the direction of the spawning grounds where the early-run shad awaited their coming. Horned Grebe. Via Wikimedia. The vivid description of the grebe, a bird that resembles a duck, strangled by a fishing net is jarring. The suffering of this accidental death was a result of human negligence. The grebe is one of several instances of the literal human-nature entanglement that Carson describes in Under the Sea-Wind. In Sea-Wind’s “Seine Haul” chapter, Carson directly addresses how humans interfere in the lives of sea creatures by describing a failed seine fishing operation. There are two primary types of seine fishing: purse seining and Danish seining. Purse seining uses a purse seine net that closes from the bottom, while the conical-shaped Danish seine net herds and scoops up the fish. Despite the different mechanisms, both purse and Danish seining target schools of fish. “Seine Haul” describes how a mackerel and fishermen feel while the latter fishes for the former. The dual perspective personifies the mackerel and humanizes the fisherman. Carson describes the stress felt by a particular mackerel, Scomber, as he is caught in the grips of the net. From the perspective of the fisherman, Carson writes: “He suddenly wished he could be down there, a hundred feet down, on the lead line of the net. What a splendid sight to see those fish streaking by at top speed in a blaze of meteoric flashes!” Jack Mackerel. Via Wikimedia. The appreciation the fisherman has for the mackerel and reverence he has for the sea complicates notions about the ethics of fishing. It at once terrorizes the fish while bringing humans closer to the sea. The situation reveals the power dynamic between humans and the sea. Humans use the sea as a resource and the sea resists, evident when the mackerel escape the net. What is clear, however, is that fishing cannot be divorced from the sea ecosystem. In detailing a tern’s relationship to the sea (a type of seabird), Carson indirectly and perfectly characterizes the human-sea relationship: They feared to alight on the water, for although terns take their living from the sea, they are not truly of it. To them the sea was a strange element to which they must abandon themselves for a brief and frightening instant of contact as they dived for a fish, but not a place on which they would willingly reset their fragile bodies. The sea is part of our world but also separate from us. Like the tern, we are fragile in the strong currents of the sea. We cannot live in it. Machinery (boats, diving equipment, submarines, etcetera) separates us from complete immersion. Therefore, we try to dominate the sea (through fishing, for instance) but the sea controls us. Under the Sea-Wind captures the beauty, violence, and complexity of the sea and life connected to it. The book reveals the interconnectedness of nature, which includes humans. We are part of the never-ending drama that makes the sea a magical, mysterious, and merciless place. Through her gift as a writer and knowledge of the sea, Carson reminds us land-bound creatures—even those of us nestled in the Appalachian mountains—that our world extends beyond the land to the depths of the sea. Annie Chester is a writer and co-founder of expatalachians. She writes about the environment and culture in Appalachia and abroad. She is currently a postgraduate student at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. Liked it? Take a second to support Annie Chester on Patreon!
snowbear9 Register date: 12/11/2020 Dunstable, Dorset, United Kingdom The most important difference between shaping and scaffolding is that shaping just isn't contextualized. Such as, teaching students the way to dribble a ball without telling them that it is used in basketball is discrete talent instruction.A specialist model can provide an express illustration of the endeavor since the skilled means of carrying out the job. The techniques for carrying out the task are Obviously expressed. In an implicit demonstration, the data is outlined throughout the specialist model. Ways of Instructional ScaffoldingBy clicking “Enroll in GitHub”, you conform to our phrases of provider and privacy assertion. We’ll once in a while deliver you account linked e-mails.two. physique: It is the other Main and needed home of the widget, which will Display screen the principle written content in the Scaffold.It must be mentioned that this approach is barely successful When the learner does not encounter Severe issue with any on the ingredient techniques essential to accomplish The full process. Visualize how challenging it would be to scaffold a toddler in telling time if they may not establish the quantities one as a result of twelve. Immediate Availability of AidScaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is A brief structure used to aid a work crew and materials to help in the construction, maintenance and fix of buildings, bridges and all other synthetic buildings. Scaffolds are widely used on web page to obtain access to heights and locations that could be in any other case difficult to get to.There are lots of different scaffolding interventions that can guidance learning. A few of these interventions include hands on things to do while some trust in the teacher to elucidate linked principle. The task that instructors use should be appropriate to what's remaining figured out and appeal to the strengths of your students working through the materials.As well as modeling, the instructor requires to offer explanations. These explanations should brazenly handle the learner's comprehension about what's getting realized, why and when it is actually used, And the way it is actually used (Lange, 2002). Firstly, explanations are in depth and in depth and recurring generally. Because the learner progresses in his expertise, explanations may well encompass only important text and prompts to aid the learner try to remember vital facts.Inquire students to share their own personal ordeals, hunches, and concepts concerning the articles or thought of review and possess them relate and join it to their unique lives.Transoms relaxation on the ledgers at appropriate angles. tán chuồn D12 are put next to the requirements, they hold the requirements in place and supply aid for boards; intermediate transoms are Individuals positioned amongst the primary transoms to provide added assist for boards. In Canada this design and style is generally known as "English". "American" has the transoms connected to the expectations which is used less but has specific advantages in certain situations.Types of scaffolding covered because of the Occupational Health and fitness and Security Administration in the United States include the following groups: Pole; tube and coupler; fabricated frame (tubular welded body scaffolds); plasterers’, decorators’, and enormous area scaffolds; bricklayers' (pipe); horse; kind scaffolds and carpenters’Check in frequently to make sure students are with you. A simple thumbs up, a sticky Observe Test-in, or maybe a desktop flip chart are some of the Concepts You should use to view who’s good to go, who’s Practically there and who demands some 1-on-one.Equally, if the learner is successful with an intervention, then they is offered a less explicit directive the next time she or he needs assistance. Following, the teacher or MKO must understand that the instructional intervention must be specific to your task the learner is currently seeking to finish. Finally, the Trainer must hold in the forefront of the method that the student must be supplied sufficient time to apply the directive or to try a different go him/herself before further intervention is equipped. We are able to explore such a instruction through the introductory state of affairs about Mrs. Maddox’s class’ analyze of communities.An overhead projector is a great Software for this activity as the Trainer is able to experience the class when she performs the issues. She will be able to then pick up non-verbal cues through the class as she performs. The students' fascination is held by asking them to supply two digit numbers for addition, actively playing "Stump the Trainer". She takes this opportunity for more modeling of the abilities and verbally presenting the procedure as she works by means of these complications. Latest listings
Metal non-standard parts in non-standard parts with CNC machining - Dec 09, 2019- It has been learned before that non-standard parts refer to other parts that are not controlled by the company except that the country does not impose strict standard specifications and there are no relevant parameters. Although there is no standard classification of non-standard parts at present, it can be roughly divided into two types: metal non-standard parts and non-metal non-standard parts. The metal non-standard parts are mainly provided by the customer with drawings, and then the manufacturer uses the equipment to make corresponding products according to the drawings. Usually, the molds are mostly, the tolerance requirements, and the smoothness are all specified by the customer. Perhaps because non-standard parts require corresponding quality control from casting finishing, the process is complicated and the variability is large, so the cost is higher than standard parts. Compared to the cost of processing standard parts, the cost of processing non-standard parts is also slightly higher than the former. For more information, welcome to check our website for details : Previous:What is the processability of CNC machined parts ？ Next:Choice of machining process for CNC machined parts
Merit Badge Requirements Merit Badge History Moviemaking Merit Badge Workbook Type your work on this page or download the Moviemaking Workbook PDF. Consider also using the Moviemaking merit badge class preparation page for clarification and expections when participating in a Scoutmaster Bucky merit badge opportunity (online or in-person). Scout's Name: Requirement 2: Do the following: Requirement 2b: Prepare a storyboard for your motion picture. (This can be done with rough sketches and stick figures.) Requirement 2c: Demonstrate the following motion picture shooting techniques: Requirement 2c1: Using a tripod Requirement 2c2: Panning a camera Requirement 2c3: Framing a shot Requirement 2c4: Selecting an angle Requirement 2c5: Selecting proper lighting Requirement 2c6: Handheld shooting Requirement 2d: Using motion picture shooting techniques, plan ONE of the following programs. Start with a treatment and complete the requirement by presenting this program to a pack or your troop, patrol, or class. Requirement 2d1: Film or videotape a court of honor and show it to an audience. Requirement 2d2: Create a short feature of your own design, using the techniques you learned. Requirement 2d3: Shoot a vignette that could be used to train a new Scout in a Scouting skill. Requirement 3: Do ONE of the following: Requirement 3a: With your parent's permission and your counselor's approval, visit a film set or television production studio and watch how production work is done. Requirement 3b: Explain to your counselor the elements of the zoom lens and three important parts.
And Out of Character Comes the Ten Elements of Screenwriting There’s a big difference between character and characterization. Characterization is all the work we do trying to figure out who our characters are. Usually this consists of filling out profiles about personality, mannerisms, private thoughts, etc. Character, however, is created through action–what he or she does and says. Think about it, one of our characters might describe himself as having a good sense of humor; however, we see him getting defensive when his friend makes an innocent joke about his choice of clothes that day. Don’t get me wrong, there’s nothing bad about creating complex characters–we all have contradictions in our personality–but we better make sure there’s a reason why at this particular moment he chooses to get upset at the comment. We also better make sure we see examples of his normal sense of humor. Sometimes the best way to get to know our characters is not by creating tons of lists about physical and personality traits but by putting them into situations and see how they act. For instance, you might want to ask open-ended questions, such as if your character was in a house fire and could only rescue one member of her family, whom would she save and why? Or if your character was hurrying to the hospital to see his best friend before surgery and he witnesses a stranger attempting suicide, does he stop to help the stranger? Why or why not? Once you start to get an idea of who your characters really are and how they respond to certain situations, you can begin to use this knowledge to plot out your story. Wait–I thought we were working on character this week, not plot? Well, we are, but everything that happens in your story, essentially happens because of your characters. This is where the Ten Elements of Screenwriting come in. 1. Back Story–this is everything that happens to your character before the story begins. Basically, this is how your character has evolved into the person he or she is today. Usually, there is some meaningful event or events that shape your character’s life and personality. Sometimes the antagonist may have even played a part in your protagonist’s past. Whatever your character’s back story is it gives us insight into her motives, actions, and responses in the present story. 2. Internal Need–your character needs to acquire a personal attribute to be truly happy with themselves and their life. They might not know what it is on a conscious level, but you should. Think about things involving the self-image like courage, compassion, forgiveness, self-reliance, ability to love. Often the Internal Need is related to or is responsible for their biggest character flaw. You would not say your character needs $1 million dollars to be truly be happy, but she could very well need the sense of security that money represents to her. This may in fact be the reason why she is also misrepresented as being greedy. There will always be something in your character’s back story to support this flaw. 3. Inciting Incident–Remember the house fire I mentioned earlier? This could very well be an inciting incident. As is anything that presents the protagonist with a problem to solve, a challenge to overcome, or a choice to make. It upsets the balance and the status quo of the character’s life, and it begins the action of the story. Inciting incidents come in three types: ACTION–a swimmer is killed by a shark (Jaws), A PIECE OF INFORMATION–the Nazis are about to discover the final resting place of the Ark of the Covenant (Raiders of the Lost Ark), or even by another character called a CATALYST–Ilsa asks Rick for Letters of Transit to enable her husband’s escape from the Nazis (Casablanca). 4. External Goal–Ah, this is what your protagonist thinks will make her happy–$1 million perhaps? It’s also an action or an object that the main character thinks will solve the problem presented by the Inciting Incident. It could be something like finding that special love, rescuing someone from danger, saving the world from zombies, Nazis, or aliens. It could even be something like finding the Fountain of Youth or the Meaning of Life. Whatever it is, it requires three things to function: STAKES–if the goal isn’t met, something great will be lost (the fate of the world anybody?), OPPOSITION–there has to be someone else intent on making sure the main character doesn’t achieve it, and DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY–the goal must be sufficiently difficult to achieve so that the protagonist changes while trying to reach it. 5. Preparation–now that your protagonist has decided to go after something, he has to devise a plan or strategy on how to do it. He has to gather resources, equipment, and allies. If your main character is the Karate Kid, you would probably have to enlist the help of someone who can train him in martial arts. He’d also have to develop strength and skill not just in body but in mind as well. How he goes about this is the preparation you must come up with as the screenwriter. But you can’t make it too easy for him either. You have to create obstacles or barriers that block your character’s journey, thus allowing him to change and grow as a person. And the stronger he gets, the greater your obstacles have to become. Make your protagonist work for it! 6. Opposition–this is another fancy word for any outside force trying to prevent the main character from reaching his goal. We most often see the opposition being represented by another character called an antagonist, but this isn’t always the case. It could be a vast ocean, a force of nature, or an element of weather. If your opposition is another character, he or she needs to either have the same goal as the protagonist or one that is mutually exclusive. He or she must also have unlimited resources and be more powerful than the main character. Sorry, but even with all the preparation and strategy, the protagonist must fail. 7. Self-Revelation–this is what happens when the main character has essentially failed at all attempts of achieving her internal goal. She runs out of resources and allies, and she becomes conscious of her Internal Need. This is best represented by action rather than dialogue. No one wants to hear a character say, “I finally learned that what I really need is a sense of security, not a million dollars.” How do you know when your main character has reached self-revelation? When she tries one more time to solve the problem or overcome the challenge even in the face of failure and death. Two hours ago, she never would have done that. She would have continued to live unenlightened and remain in the status quo. (Does this sound like your life?) Think of Self-Revelation as coming in two parts: DARK MOMENT–this is the point of failure, and NEW STIMULUS–your character gets up and tries again. 8. Obsession–you may have heard this being referred to as the second plot point. Basically, your protagonist makes that crucial decision to try one last time. He focuses even more intently on the goal despite the stakes being at an all-time high. What does this say about his character? It should say something pretty special because there is nothing left to lose and yet, still, he continues. This is quite honestly the most important thing you can show about your main character. And again, it is shown through an action. It could be something as small as lifting his bloodied head off the ground or as big as getting down on one knee before an ex-lover to ask forgiveness one last time, but it shouldn’t be him saying, “I will live to fight another day.” 9. Battle–Well, what story would be complete without the ultimate showdown between good and evil, protagonist and antagonist? This time there is no compromise; it is a fight to the death, literally and figuratively. This is what the audience has invested all their emotions in, and they want to be satisfied. They want the main character to win, but even if he doesn’t, he has to achieve his Internal Need. He has to grow and change and know he has. 10. Resolution–you showed what your main character was like before she committed to solving some huge problem, before she realized what it is she truly needed to be happy, now you get to show us how she’s changed because she has it. Remember, your protagonist will never be the same person she was at the beginning of the story. So there you have it. All the ten elements of screenwriting are intrinsically linked to character not characterization. Exercise for the week: Fill in the details of each of the ten elements as it pertains to the “character” of your protagonist. Although you may not know what each and every obstacle will be, you should have some idea how your main character will respond to them. Try to make sure there is a pretty sizable difference between who your protagonist is at the beginning of the story and who she is at the end. Bonus exercise: Your new protagonist encounters the old protagonist. How does he or she respond to his or her way of life, insecurities, thought-process, etc. One thought on “And Out of Character Comes the Ten Elements of Screenwriting Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Browse Our Directory Globalization Tool: United Nations Globalization & the Arab Gulf Globalization has spread out using certain instruments. The United Nations (UN) have helped either directly or indirectly in globalization. You will do some research into it using the guidelines given. This should be written as a word document. United Nations (UN) is tool of globalization the research is showcase its role in globalizing the world. The finalized research paper will be in this FORMAT: 1. Introduction [100-150 words]: • A brief profile/ information about the globalization tool • How has it participated in globalization? • Does it have a positive or a negative impact in general? • Does it have a good or a bad effect on the Arab Gulf/ UAE, Briefly why? 1. Body of your Research [500-600 words] • Give a brief overview of the globalization tool • Why is it considered globalized? • What is its impact on the world and on the Arab Gulf/ UAE? • What or who has it affected either positively or negatively? • Is the impact long or short term? • How could the negative effects be fixed? Could they? • What do you think could be done to improve this globalization tool? 1. Conclusion [100-150 words] Your own reflection and opinion about this globalization tool and whether you consider it as good or bad Relate it to the direct and indirect dominance on the life of people in the Arab Gulf and UAE. How could it be beneficial to them? 1. References Any websites, online articles, online magazines, online newspapers. Used to support your work PowerPoint presentation A PowerPoint (set of slides) presentation related to your researched topic will be conducted individually in class upon the deadline for this research. Each student will be allowed 10 to 15 minutes time allocation to present. SKU: globalization-tool-united-nations Category: Share this Solution with a Classmate
The imitation game Alan Turing, a well know mathematician and computer scientist, has always been obsessed in finding a solution for the question “Can machines think?”. I think this question hasn’t been answered yet, not because of the lack of technology, considering that machines have been made by human engineers, we perfectly understand how they work. What we don’t fully understand is how our brain work, that gray mass made by countless neurons connected by countless synapses conceal a learning mechanism still unknown even to modern scientists. However, the huge improvements made by computer’s technology during the last seventy years allow machines to behave like a human brain by simulating it thanks to the use of artificial neural networks, or at least, this is what they try to do. How does it work In order to prove that a machine can actually think Turing developed a test called Imitation Game. This is a game involving three players, A is a man, B is a woman and C is the interrogator who has to guess the identity of A by making questions to both them communicating only through written notes, possibly typewritten. Player A’s role is to trick C into making him take the wrong decision, while player B has to help the interrogator in making him choose the right one. Of course, player C can’t see neither player A nor player B and A doesn’t necessarily have to tell the truth. C has to guess the identity of A and B If we replace player A with a digital machine the role of the interrogator is to determine which one is the computer and which one is the human, if player C can’t understand at all who is who we can say that the computer behaves just like a human. Nevertheless, this doesn’t mean that the machine can also think like a human since we don’t know what does “thinking” mean. Can machines think? The Theological Objection claims that “Thinking in only a function of man’s immortal soul. God has given an immortal soul to every man and woman, but not to any other animal or to machines. Hence no animal or machine can think”. However, this is a mere speculation, this theory would be more convincing if animals were classed with men having themselves a consciousness too and so the capability to think like we have. It’s different for machines, I support the fact that nowadays’ machines can’t think but I can’t exclude that in the future they won’t be able to do it. Non-determinstic questions Until now, no machines managed to successfully pass this test but big steps have been done since Turing’s years. As long as proposed questions have simple answers like “yes” or “no”, then is an easy task for modern calculators to answer like a human would do whereas old ones struggled. But what if the question would be a complex mathematical calculus that a human has no way to solve it correctly? Even if we don’t take care of the reply speed (processor computation speed is not comparable with human’s one) a machine will certainly answer with an exact and accurate result, while a human would probably miscalculate it. Even more complicated is if they are both asked not-deterministic questions like “Do you like this painting? Which emotions are you feeling now? Did you enjoy listening to this melody?”. We understand that machines are still far from managing such human-feeling questions but we can’t exclude that in a near future machines won’t be able to answer them. How do machines learn? Actually there are two different ways a machine can acquire intelligence, the first one requires the presence of a developer to write code, storing it into machine’s memory and then executing it, this is how a computer normally works, in this way the intelligence of the machine is bounded to the skill of the developer and, above all, the machine can’t independently learn. That’s why the future of artificial intelligence is oriented towards a different technology: neural networks and machine learning. Thanks to this new technique, computers won’t be constrained to follow a precise set of instructions to compute the output but can learn through experience how to calculate it. They only need a set of training examples formed by several inputs with the corresponding outputs and their goal is to learn how to compute the right input given an unknown output, this is process il also known as generalization. Artificial neural networks are formed by a certain number of nodes (neurons) that receive signals and send them to other neurons through their connections (synapses). Each connection has a weight representing its strength and the total input to a neuron is the weighed sum across all inputs from other neurons. A neuron is activated if his input is higher than an activation threshold and then its output is propagated to the other connected neurons. The strategy consists in adjusting the connection weights until obtaining the desired output. That’s why nowadays digital data is extremely important, we can say that these machines are hunger of data, the more data they have the more intelligent they become. Simple neural network structure This way of learning is called supervised learning, but what if the training inputs don’t have any associated outputs? Is like when an infant observing the world for the first time, he doesn’t have any past memory, thus he attempts to create them by observing the surrounding environment. A machine, like the infant, tries to observe the significant recurrent patterns within the analyzed data and the algorithms are left to themselves to discover interesting structures in it. The importance of the big data Now the problem is how to get such a huge amount of data to feed these algorithms? Data is everywhere and is constantly being sent to a common place: the cloud. Every message we send, every picture we post, every information we put on the web it is stored into a server. Se we can say servers are the containers for storing the data needed for machine learning. If we collect all of these pieces of information and put them together we realize that almost all the knowledge acquired by mankind is available there, that’s why the web is the perfect source of data for intelligent machines and also the key to successfully pass the Imitation Game. Nowadays a huge amount of digital data is available Toward the solution? Applications exploiting big data are not science-fiction but are already among us, let’s think for example to automatic translators, economic stock prevision tools, advanced illnesses diagnosis and self-driving car prototypes. These machine learning algorithms are already being implemented but the candidates to win the Imitation Game are certainly the voice assistants and the chatbots. In particular the last ones result suitable for playing the role of player A of the Imitation Game, while the human user plays C and B is excluded, this particular one to one version of the Imitation Game is also called “Viva voce Turing test”. The goal remain the same, still the human has to guess whether he is chatting with a machine or with another human. Of course, chatbots are just a simulation of the game given that the human already knows he is talking with a machine. Although most modern chatbots are able to keep a quite good conversation with a human user, though is still easy to recognize they are just machines and lot of improvements have to be done before being able to trick a cunning human. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
California is known as ‘the sunshine state’, and it isn’t difficult to understand why. Each of the 50 states that comprise the United States of America has its own identity – the Cajuns of Louisiana are very different to the Harlemites of New York; they have their own histories, customs and cultures. But California is in a league of its own. People around the globe associate California with sunshine, sandy beaches and a peace and love attitude that has been firmly embedded in the state ever since it served as the epicenter of the hippy counterculture movement of the 60’s. California is the perfect place for the solar revolution, for a number of reasons. Understanding how and why solar power is important to California, and will become even more important as time goes on, requires an understanding of California itself. It isn’t just an abundance of sunshine (although obviously that is very helpful when you are generating solar power), that makes California such an ideal location for a solar power revolution. The culture and history of California means that the virtues of solar power – its environmental benefits in particular – don’t just speak to the hippy heart of California, they strike at the heart of some of the biggest issues the state is now facing as a result of the climate emergency. Why Solar Power? Before we consider California as a specific case, it is helpful to establish exactly what it is about solar power that makes it an attractive option for the future of renewable energy. In a sense, all of the energy generated on Earth is ultimately solar energy. This might seem like an obvious fact, but it is easy to overlook and is actually more important than you might think. Coal, for example, is formed underground over a very long period of time. Coal is made from long dead plants, plants that used the sun as their energy source while they were alive. The sun is everywhere and it is always there. Even on the greyest of days, when black clouds coat the skies, some sunshine makes it through. There have been periods of human history, such as the eruption of Krakatoa, when the sun has been blocked to some degree by ash, dust or other phenomena. Even in these conditions, the sun is able to provide sufficient energy to sustain life on Earth. There are two forms of renewable energy that, in principle if not yet in practice, can deliver us tremendous amounts of energy from virtually nothing – solar power and nuclear fusion. If we can refine our solar technology sufficiently, we will be able to generate enormous amounts of energy from highly efficient solar cells. Other than the environmental costs of manufacturing these cells, there are no other costs, financial or environmental, associated with generating solar power. Solar power can provide us with essentially limitless clean energy. So why isn’t it? Energy from Light Plants are really remarkable organisms. Even the humble blade of grass is an intricate machine, the result of some truly miraculous biology and physics. You probably remember photosynthesis from school, but let’s quickly run through it again. Understanding how plants are able to make energy from the sun is the best way of demonstrating the potential that solar power offers. Humans breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide, and this process is called ‘respiration’ (and yes, that is different to breathing). Plants, as living organisms, also respirate. However, plants work differently to people – they love carbon. In fact, most of what a plant is, on an atomic level, is carbon. Plants get their essential nutrients from the soil around them via their roots. These nutrients are important, just as calcium, iron etc. are all important to people. But these nutrients are not what makes a plant grow. Instead, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves and use the carbon to build more plant mass. However, carbon dioxide doesn’t just consist of carbon. In fact, each carbon dioxide molecule consists of 1 carbon atom to 2 oxygen atoms. While it is in this state, the carbon is of no use to the plant. This is where photosynthesis comes in. We’re simplifying things here, but essentially plants use the energy of individual particles of light that hit its leaves to split the carbon dioxide into carbon and oxygen in the presence of water. The oxygen is a waste product and as such the plant excretes it into the air, where you and I breathe it. The rest of the products are converted into glucose. You can think of glucose molecules as being like tiny molecular batteries. That’s cool, but it isn’t exactly earth-shattering. However, there is a very good reason that we have long sought to emulate this process in an energy cell or battery. That reason is all to do with efficiency. California has a proud history with regards to solar power – the Mojave Desert is, if anything, too sunny, even for California. It is in this vast desert that a number of world-leading solar power facilities have been built. In 1991, the San Bernadino Solar Energy Generating Systems plant was the most powerful solar power facility on the planet, generating an impressive 354 MW of sustained power output. The facility held the record until the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility in the Mojave Desert was opened in 2014. However, even our biggest and best solar batteries are, to be blunt about it, laughably primitive when compared to what the humble flower (any flower) is able to achieve. Our best photovoltaic cells are only about 22.8% efficient. On the other hand, plants are able to photosynthesize with somewhere in the region of 99% efficiency! Why Can’t We Do That? The ultimate goal of solar power technology is to replicate the process that occurs inside a plant and make it available in artificial cells. However, we are discovering that photosynthesis in plants is way more complex than we previously imagined. As a result, the photovoltaic cells that we use to produce energy in solar panels work quite differently to a plant. That’s not to say that all solar panels are the same – they’re not. But with the technology where it is currently, we have to settle for our relatively inefficient method of harnessing solar power. A plant is able, via mechanisms which are currently unknown to science, to utilize quantum mechanics in order to operate at maximum efficiency. If that sounds absurd to you, don’t worry – it’s even more absurd if you are able to understand the physics of it. We won’t dive too deeply into quantum mechanics here, but again a brief overview is an effective demonstration of just why we are so doggedly pursuing solar power. This is a very simplified explanation – if it piques your interest, then you should definitely look into it more. But for our purposes, think of it like this – within the leaf of a plant there will be water and carbon dioxide. In order to photosynthesize, a plant needs each particle of light that hits its surface to be transported to where the water and CO2 are, so that its energy can be used in the reaction. Even with billions of photons (light particles) hitting the surface of a leaf, the chances of a particle landing on the right spot at the right time is vanishingly small. This should mean that a plant should be a very inefficient machine in this regard, and yet they are able to photosynthesize with almost perfect efficiency. They are able to do this by taking advantage of an effect called quantum tunneling. In layman’s terms, quantum tunneling refers to the ability of quantum mechanical objects (anything smaller than a single molecule) to travel somewhere it shouldn’t be able to. If you throw a ball at your wall, it will bounce back. If you throw a particle at a wall, it will occasionally appear on the other side of it. That plants are able to control this process in some way, thereby ensuring that the light it gathers is always where it is needed, is a profound demonstration of the potential power of solar energy. So, is Solar Power Worth it Today? Absolutely! We may not yet have scratched the surface of what solar power technology will one day be capable of, but solar technology has already come a very long way. We aren’t at a point yet where we can realistically switch most or all of our power needs over to solar, but that point is moving ever closer. In the future, we may well have solar cells that are part biological or which replicate biological processes. But, as with any technology, getting us to that advanced point will require investment now. The photovoltaic panels that are sold today are many times more efficient than those produced just a few decades ago. It Never Rains in California While all of the US is experiencing the negative impacts of the climate emergency, California has been particularly badly hit already. Last year, the state emerged from a drought that lasted over a decade. Wildfires in the state are burning bigger and more frequently than they used to. California is uniquely positioned to take advantage of solar power, and doing so could address a number of pressing issues facing the state. California has been at the forefront of environmentalism in the US for decades and the state has set itself some ambitious targets with regards to solar power. The state pledged that by 2016 it would be distributing 3,000 MW of solar power – equivalent to the output of several Ivanpah-sized facilities. In 2011, California voluntarily expanded this with a target of 12,000 MW by 2020. Consequently, the state offers some excellent incentives to homeowners who choose to install solar panels on their property. It is truly tragic just how many Californians have now lost their homes or lost relatives, or know someone who has, to the wildfires that have ravaged the state in recent years. This has brought the urgency of the current climate situation into sharp focus for many. There are a number of cities in California that are embracing the solar revolution. It won’t surprise anyone to learn that San Francisco has been a booming market for the solar power industry, but it isn’t the only city that’s been embracing this tech. The cost of solar panels San Diego, for example, is further offset by local initiatives that encourage homeowners to add solar panels to their homes. San Diego is actually a fantastic case study for the benefits of solar power. Solar panel installation in San Diego is on the rise – not surprising for a city that enjoys 266 days of sunshine on average each year. Businesses like Semper Solaris have really raised the bar in recent years; they offer some of the best quality solar panels on the market today and are willing to work with customers to ensure that they end up with the right product for their situation. One of the things that sets Semper Solaris apart from the competition is that they also offer general roofing services, as well as battery storage. Solar power is becoming more common, but there are still not many solar companies in San Diego that are also providing batteries to store up solar energy. If you want to do your bit to help mitigate the impact of climate change on the beautiful sunshine state, you could do a lot worse than installing solar panels on your home. If you would like to know more, you can probably find more information here. With each passing year, the need for us all to do our bit to help the environment is becoming clearer. Far too many people are beaten into submission by the apparent hopelessness of it all. But installing solar panels on your home will enable you to reduce the amount of energy you use from non-renewable sources and, after a relatively short amount of time, it will have paid for itself in the amount of money that you’ve saved.
An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) This study aimed at finding out the effect of experimenting e-learning employment on improving the educational process for higher basic stage in the Gaza Strip's governorates from teachers' viewpoint. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and the study sample consisted of (220) male and female teachers working in governmental schools in Gaza. The study tool was represented in a questionnaire for data collection purposes including (60) paragraphs. The study results revealed that the paragraph "the availability of an equipped computer lab in the school" is the most frequent in the domain of "the scope of using e-learning in the school". It also indicated that the most used pattern is "self-learning" and the most employing curriculum of e-learning is "Technology", and the most using educational level of e-learning is the "basic seventh grade". The results also revealed that the most significant positive aspect of e-learning is that "it takes into account the individual differences of students' levels". Its negative aspects, however, include "the technical malfunctions in the computer devices". In respect to the most important obstacles facing e-learning, results referred that to "the lack of qualifying and training teachers on using modern technologies in teaching". Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences at the level of (α≤0.05) in all study variables (sex, academic qualification, study major, experience, and training courses). In light of the above results, the study recommended using e-learning in the educational process and providing schools of higher basic stage with the necessary electronic devices needed for implementing e-learning.
Ride-Hail Companies Are Making Life Harder for Scooters Robotaxis don’t exist yet. Some experts suspect they won’t circulate widely for another decade. But earlier this month, the state of California adopted new rules governing how ride-hail services without a driver behind the wheel might work. There are separate rules for autonomous vehicles with safety drivers, and those without. But operators of both types of services will have to hand over lots of information to the government: data on where robotaxi riders are picked up and dropped off; how many miles the vehicles travel; whether the vehicles are powered by gas or electricity; whether rides are available in underserved communities; and a safety plan, which Californians will be able to comment on. The rules contrast sharply with the first-of-their kind ride-hail rules that the state adopted in 2013. Then, the debate du jour was more, “What the heck is this Lyft and Uber business, and will it survive a battle with the taxi industry?” than “How will these business models change the world?” Now, everyone takes transportation regulation more seriously—and jockeys to weigh in. If you’re wondering why a utilities agency gets to determine how an autonomous vehicle taxi ride works, know that it is pretty weird. The agency, created early in the 20th century to oversee gas and electric companies, now regulates telecommunications, railroads, and privately owned transportation services, like limos, tours buses, and ferries. Historically, taxis have been the domain of city rule-makers. Then came ride-hail. In 2013, amid disputes about what ride-hail was, and how long these upstart companies would last, California regulators heeded company lobbyists and crafted rules for companies like Uber and Lyft. The ride-hail companies seized on that decision, and their lobbyists pushed it as a model elsewhere. Today, more than 40 state legislatures have passed mostly industry-friendly laws regulating ride-hail—and stripping cities of the power to oversee the services or set their own rules. Over time, many city officials came to see those laws as a bad deal. Ride-hail services weren’t just disrupting a stagnant taxi industry. They took some people off transit. They clogged up streets, especially in busy downtowns. Even if, as the companies theorized, more people gave up their personal cars, ride-hail contributed to a spike in total vehicle miles traveled. (Turns out drivers need to travel between fares.) Yet there was little local leaders could do about it. Allowing state agencies to make the calls on ride-hail “unempowered cities,” says Marla Westervelt, a transportation policy analyst who worked at both LA Metro and the scooter-share company Bird. “It set the framework for all the fights we’re having now. It was the original sin.” Look closely at the conversations—and disputes—that crop up around transportation and technology, and you’ll see the ghosts of those original policy decisions, and an attempt by authorities to reel back power that’s been lost. Cities, especially big ones like San Francisco, Chicago, Washington, DC, and Los Angeles, have gotten more assertive about overseeing transportation companies—especially transportation companies that pull into town with California license plates and a pile of venture capital funding. (Chicago and DC were among the first to tax ride-hail trips to subsidize public transit.) For those cities, the questions are: How can we point this private business towards a public good? And how can we eke out enough power over them to do that? Micromobility companies—the folks who flooded your block with shared electric scooters and bikes a few years back—have borne the brunt of this new approach. Part of the reason is practical: Cities generally have authority over their sidewalks in a way that they don’t over ride-hail vehicles. After the first, and sometimes unannounced, introductions of scooters on streets led to public backlash, many city governments chose a new approach: They slowed everything down. “We want to know, ‘What is the role [of scooters] in the transportation network? Are people really using them to joyride? Are they taking the place of walking and bike trips? Or are they really taking the place of driving trips?” says Tilly Chang, the executive director of San Francisco’s county transportation authority, which monitors the city’s congestion. Source : Wired
What is “time”? Most would think that time” is defined as “The measurement of natural existence from the past, to the present, and into the future“. It is expressed in terms of “years” which are counted by the number of times the earth orbits around the sun. Multiples of a year include “decade” (10), “century” (100), “millennium” (1000), and more. Fractions of a year include “month” (1/12), “day” (1/365), hours, minutes, seconds, etc. All of these measurements are relative to the earth (and everything on it) traveling around the sun. The Earth’s orbit is a constant that can be used to measure everything else against it. Maps - The Earth's orbit around the Sun - Diercke International Atlas The speed of light in a vacuum, commonly denoted c, is a universal physical constant, important in many areas of physics. Its exact value is defined as 299792458 meters per second (approximately 300000 kilometers/second, or 186000 miles/second). Notice that the speed of light incorporates a time measurement (“per second”) that is dependent on the Earth’s orbit. A “light-year” is defined as: “The distance that light travels in a vacuum in one Julian year (365.25 days)”. It is a unit of length used to express astronomical distances and measures about 5.88 trillion miles. Because it includes the word “year”, the term “light-year” may be misinterpreted as a unit of time. Will a vacuum affect how the speed of light travels? - Quora But what happens if you’re not traveling around the sun? What if you are in a space ship, traveling through the galaxy, away from the Earth? The “time” you spend traveling is no longer connected to the one constant that you have previously measured everything by. Sure, “time” still moves in a forward direction and the human body continues to age, but does it age at the same pace as everyone else who is still lapping around the Sun? And how would you measure your “age” if you don’t have the Earth’s orbit as a frame of reference? Does your body “age” differently if you are traveling at different speeds? What is the Speed of Light? - Universe Today Quote If You Are In Spaceship That Is Traveling At The Speed Of ... The human body has a natural “clock” called the Circadian Rhythm, which is an internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours. How does space travel affect the human body and it’s natural rhythm? If your body is not exposed to the cyclical change of traveling around the sun, would your Circadian rhythm change? Would the aging process slow down or possibly stop entirely? Circadian Sleep Disorders Network Every living thing has a certain “lifetime”. Cells in the human body are replaced through a process of “body rejuvenation”. Different cells are replaced at different rates, but overall it takes between 7 – 10 years to replace every cell with a new one. But it’s not a perfect process and your cells do decay over time. If we could stop this decay, the human body would last forever and “time” as we currently know it would be irrelevant. Live Forever Young: Researchers Rejuvenate Old Human Senescent Cells Sometimes “time” seems to slow down, like if you are in a car accident. I can tell you first hand that this is true. When I was 19, I was involved in a terrible car accident and while it was happening, everything seemed to move in slow motion. This change in how you perceive time is caused by a heightened sense of awareness through the inputs to your brain. Basically, your brain starts paying more attention to what it is seeing, hearing, smelling, and feeling. No photo description available. With this current pandemic and people having to “shelter in place”, those of us who are still going to work have less work to perform. With nothing to do, time seems to drag on ever so slowly. Conversely, if you are busy with tasks, especially tasks that you don’t mind performing, time seems to speed up and the day can whiz by quite quickly. It’s been said that time speeds up as you get older. This is because your frame of reference is greater. For example, if you tell a 4 year old child to wait until next Christmas for a present, that length of time is 1/4th their entire life. That’s a long time! However if you tell the same thing to a person who is in their 50’s, it a much smaller portion of their life. That fraction of their time will pass quickly. Perception of Time vs. Age - Cheezburger - Funny Memes \| Funny ... So what is the overall lesson to be learned from this post? We all have a limited amount of time available, so use that time wisely; for each moment will never come back around to you. Inside every old person is a younger person wondering “Where did the time go? Why it feels like time speeds up as you get older \| indy100 About hemibill blah, blah, blarg This entry was posted in Uncategorized. Bookmark the permalink. Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
COVID-19 Risks With Animals Now that Prime Minister Morrison has clarified that the aim of Australia’s aggressive suppression strategy is zero community transmission, we need to begin to reposition to be more proactive rather than reactive towards COVID-19. Australia has long been a world leader in biosecurity policy and implementation, and together with our natural advantages from being a relatively remote island, we have managed to remain free from many of the important animal and plant diseases and pests. Think about it, on your overseas travels, what other countries so jealously guard the good health of primary industries and important native plants and wildlife? The biosecurity operations that travellers into Australia witness at airports and cruise terminals is only the tip of the iceberg. But this is an article about the COVID-19 pandemic, the most serious disease challenge to confront humanity in a century. Why are we talking about animal diseases? When an infectious disease is first discovered a key aspect of management is to understand the host range of the pathogen, whether it be a virus, bacteria or other organism that causes the disease. If we are discussing a virus, the host range refers to all the organisms which may be infected by that virus. This is important because in order to manage disease outbreaks we need to study the epidemiology – the way the pathogen spreads – in all its potential hosts. Some pathogens infect only a small number of organisms, and thus have a narrow host range, while others have a broad host range. The broader the host range the more challenging will be efforts to prevent its introduction or reintroduction, and the management of outbreaks. The more animal species that may be infected by a particular pathogen, the greater the routes for introduction of the pathogen, and once introduced the greater the potential for populations of animals to act as reservoirs from which disease outbreaks can be re-initiated. Unfortunately, research-based predictions suggested that the novel coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, has a broad host range, and real-world research and observations through the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic is confirming this to be the case. Initial studies were done with the aim of determining from where the virus originated, or what was the original host of SARS-CoV-2 and whether the virus went through any other hosts – called intermediate hosts – from which people in Wuhan first became infected. Bats were suspected as the original host because a former colleague of mine, Dr Shi Zhengli, found that they were the original host for the SARS virus. Based in Wuhan, Shi also led the group which discovered that a novel coronavirus was the cause of COVID-19. These studies are laborious necessitating surveying and taking samples from farmed and wild animals for signs of infection or prior infections. The original work by Shi and her group necessitated climbing through caves knee-deep in pungent guano to collect samples from bats. In the COVID-19 pandemic time is of the essence so scientists have utilised what is known of the way that the novel coronavirus enters human cells to predict its potential host range. This is a critical aspect because viruses cannot reproduce outside of cells; they must enter cells to multiply and spread infection within the body and then to be shed to spread infection to other hosts. Initially these studies were performed to narrow down the search for a potential intermediate host. That initial source and intermediate host(s) for the novel coronavirus (I will use this description hereon for SARS-CoV-2) have not yet been identified with real world investigations. Those predictive studies found that, unsurprisingly, the closely related primates are the most likely to also be susceptible to infection by the novel coronavirus. Consistently predicted to be susceptible to infection included a broad range of commercially or culturally significant mammals including: cattle, horses, goats, sheep, bison, water buffalo, hamsters, cats (domestic and wild), rabbits, ferrets and some rodent species, while predictions on camels and pigs varied. Other interesting findings from these studies showed that cetaceans, marine mammals, were found to be highly likely to be susceptible to infection, but that raises the issue of pathways for and likelihood of exposure. Of particular interest in Australia, the one monotreme (egg-laying mammal) and four marsupial species studied were predicted to have a very low likelihood of being susceptible to infection. Perhaps the most curious finding was that bats and pangolins, considered the most likely original and intermediate hosts for the novel coronavirus, were less likely to be infected via this channel. In other words, it seems likely that the novel coronavirus can utilise more than one mechanism to enter host cells, which suggests that the host range may be even broader than these studies predicted. While the predictive studies suggesting a broad range were concerning, interactions between potential hosts and viruses are extraordinarily complex so observations with real animals are vital. These studies take the form of transmission trials to establish infections by unnatural routes (injection) or natural routes (swabbing virus onto membranes or cohabitation with infected animals), along with analysis of samples from sick or surveyed farmed or wild animals. Actual transmission of important pathogens under experimental conditions requires biosecure facilities which are rare. These trials are important because conditions can be strictly managed and replicated to confirm research findings, and animals are exposed to a known amount of the pathogen (under conditions strictly audited for ethical considerations). This approach allows the development of animal models to study infections with pathogens which infect people, but it is obviously time consuming and resource intensive. In transmission trials by swabbing the novel coronavirus onto nasal membranes, infection could not be established in pigs, chickens or ducks. However, cats, bats and ferrets were infected, and these species passed on the infection to in-contact animals of the same species making it clear that they are susceptible to the virus and will transmit infection. Transmission studies suggested dogs have low susceptibility to infection, but some did show signs of infection. While transmission trials with SARS-CoV-2 are ongoing, real world developments are progressing faster as the virus spreading rapidly and widely amongst people has led to a broader range of animals being exposed. We are learning that indeed the novel coronavirus can infect a broad range of other mammals. Initially there were reports of companion pets such as cats and dogs found to be infected with novel coronavirus. In April lions and tigers at a zoo in New York were found to be infected by the novel coronavirus, and the most likely source was an infected zoo employee. More recently there have been reports of outbreaks of disease amongst farm animals infected by the novel coronavirus. Mink in at least 25 farms in Spain, the Netherlands and Denmark have been found to be infected with the novel coronavirus, and it is suspected that the virus was transmitted between the mink and the workers in both directions in this environment. In one outbreak in Spain 87% of mink were found to be infected. Detection of the novel coronavirus in animals necessitates the culling of the entire stock of mink. This highlights some profoundly serious considerations. It raises the issue of epidemiological surveillance for the virus in farmed populations of susceptible or potentially susceptible animals. Also, the risks of some infected material entering the processing, or pet or human food, chain must be addressed. Meat processing facilities have been the site of serious outbreaks of COVID-19 amongst workers globally. Attention has focused on the environmental conditions within these facilities and the general living conditions for workers which favour contagion. These host range studies suggest the potential for the novel coronavirus to be introduced into the meat processing plants is not just with the workers but with the animals that are being processed. The novel coronavirus has been shown to maintain viability, without any loss of infectivity, for 3 weeks on the surface (i.e. simulating contamination) of fish, chicken and pork stored at normal refrigeration temperature of +4ºC and normal commercial freezer temperature of -20ºC. Moreover, a similar coronavirus has been shown to remain viable in meat frozen for 2 years. This highlights the potential for the spread of the virus geographically and over time within meat. Virus actually within tissues, due to infection of the animal prior to slaughter, is likely to be present at much higher titres (quantities) and is likely to be more persistent (survive for longer) than virus lying on the surface of meat due to contamination. Thus meat from an infected animal would represent a higher risk than meat that was contaminated with the novel coronavirus. As for the risks associated with transmission of COVID-19 with contaminated meat, the risks of transmission to people from animals infected by the novel coronavirus are being downplayed by authorities in the US and even in Australia. In the US the argument is similar to that discussed in the companion post to this, On The Risk of Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 With Contaminated Meat, that with their limited resources they need to concentrate their efforts to slow spread of their very severe pandemic with other more direct strategies such as testing of people. As discussed previously, Australia together with New Zealand and other countries that have mounted aggressive responses that have succeeded in eliminating or very strongly suppressing the pandemic, the situation is very different. In these countries much greater attention must be turned to proactive biosecurity measures to limit the probability of re-introduction of the novel coronavirus. These countries have much to gain from that proactivity in terms of protection of human life and also their important domesticated and native animals. There are clear implications here for Australian primary industries which trade on an image of animals being raised in pristine and natural environments free from major infectious disease. If that is maintained through the COVID-19 pandemic that will provide significant economic benefits to rural Australia. On the other hand, if the novel coronavirus is found in populations of commercially significant animals then culling will be required to curtail its spread. In the companion article to this one I mentioned that the new anti-food wastage campaign initiated very recently in China may be in part due to concerns about food security (obtaining sufficient food) if food safety was called into question during the COVID-19 pandemic. It may be that this aspect, the potential for important food animals to carry infection, may be what is driving that apparent anxiety. It would also be acutely concerning for the World Health Organisation with the remit to “promote health, keep the world safe, and guard the vulnerable”. The more the virus spreads within people in Australia the greater the probability companion, domesticated and wild animals will be exposed to the virus, and thus for it to escape into the wild and become endemic. This will create reservoirs of the virus to cause future outbreaks in people and other animals. At this stage only a few native Australian species of mammals have been the subject of predictive studies on whether they may be susceptible to infection by the novel coronavirus, and no transmission trials have been reported. From these limited studies it appears that the unique native Australian mammalian fauna may be less susceptible to infection. This evolutionary distinction may work in their favour, by being refractory (not susceptible to infection), or their naivety may increase their susceptibility to infection and severe disease. That is difficult to predict when it is suspected that the novel coronavirus utilises multiple mechanisms to establish infection. There are three key takeaways for Australia from this emerging knowledge around the broad host range for the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19: 1) if Australia’s aim is zero community transmission, we need to be extremely aggressive in minimising outbreaks because the longer or more intense the outbreak the greater the opportunity for other susceptible animals to be exposed and become a reservoir for the virus to re-establish infections in people; 2) Australia needs to be proactive and utilise its biosecurity expertise to determine what pathways exist for the virus to enter Australia other than being carried by people, for example in animal products or with live animal “passengers” on cargo ships; and 3) To protect primary industries, and as custodians of special and precarious native fauna, Australia needs to be acutely aware of the need to assess and manage the risks posed by the introduction of the novel coronavirus into native, domesticated and feral animal populations, and should commence surveillance for the novel coronavirus in domesticated and wild animals starting in areas that have been identified as hotspots for infection in people. Drafted entirely by Brett Edgerton on 28 July, with minor revisions and additions on 26 August immediately prior to publishing. © Copyright Brett Edgerton 2020 %d bloggers like this:
Museo de la Plata Date: 1884 Owner: Patricia Lorente Source Type: Images The Museo de La Plata, founded in 1884, has acted as both as an internationally renowned paleontological research center and as a locus of Argentine scientific nationalism. It was designed to be architecturally grand, not only so as to be a visible spectacle of Argentina's progress but also because it had to be large enough to house the assembled skeletons of huge prehistoric animals. Indeed, the giant glyptodonts and megatheria displayed in the Museo de La Plata were themselves symbolic of Argentina's glorious past and present scientific abilities. Although this museum focused on ancient and extinct species, it was through-and-through an institution of progress and the prevailing ideas of positivism. The museum was the brainchild of Francisco Moreno, a young man who dreamt of creating a natural history museum that would rival those of Paris and London. (The Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires had already existed for over fifty years, but many did not consider it worthy of Argentina's natural and national heritage). Upon the Museo de La Plata's completion, Moreno became its first director and the museum reflected his own positivism and that of the Generation of 1880. In large part, the museum was a monument to evolution, a belief widely shared among positivists, and it sought to display how Argentina had developed from long-extinct mammals, to "primitive" peoples, and ultimately to a modern western state. From the 1890s, the museum began taking on more of the functions of elite European institutions, including scientific education and publication of research journals. In his quest for more fossils, Moreno hired Florentino Ameghino as the museum's vice director. In 1887, the museum sponsored an expedition to Patagonia led by Florentino's brother, Carlos, in which he made the important discovery that the entire region of Patagonia had once been undersea and he collected many marine fossils for the museum. Florentino and Moreno, however, soon had a falling out, and by the end of the expedition, the newly discovered fossils had to find a different home. Today, the Museo de La Plata is one of the world's foremost centers of paleontology, especially paleomammology focusing on the many strange mammals that once inhabited the Southern Cone. The museum has sponsored many expeditions to Patagonia and has made important recent finds in Argentina's western province of Jujuy. Reference: Lopes, Maria Margaret and Irina Podgorny. "The Shaping of Latin American Museums of Natural History, 1850-1990." In Osiris, 2nd Series, Vol. 15, Nature and Empire: Science and the Colonial Enterprise (2000), pp. 108-118. CITATION: Frente del Museo de La Plata. Foto tomada el 3 de noviembre de 2005. Patricia Lorente.
Object manufacture based on a memorized template: Goffin’s cockatoos attend to different model features I B Laumer, S A Jelbert, A H Taylor, T Rössler , A M I Auersperg Corresponding author for this work 16 Downloads (Pure) Although several nonhuman animals have the ability to recognize and match templates in computerized tasks, we know little about their ability to recall and then physically manufacture specifc features of mental templates. Across three experiments, Gofn cockatoos (Cacatua gofniana), a species that can use tools in captivity, were exposed to two pre-made template objects, varying in either colour, size (long or short) or shape (I or L-shaped), where only one template was rewarded. Birds were then given the opportunity to manufacture versions of these objects themselves. We found that all birds carved paper strips from the same colour material as the rewarded template, and half were also able to match the size of a template (long and short). This occurred despite the template being absent at test and birds being rewarded at random. However, we found no evidence that cockatoos could carve L-shaped pieces after learning that L-shaped templates were rewarded, though their manufactured strips were wider than in previous tests. Overall, our results show that Gofn cockatoos possess the ability to physically adjust at least the size dimension of manufactured objects relative to a mental template. This ability has previously only been shown in New Caledonian crows, where template matching was suggested as a potential mechanism allowing for the cumulative cultural transmission of tool designs. Our results show that within avian tool users, the ability to recreate a physical template from memory does not seem to be restricted to species that have cumulative tool cultures. Original languageEnglish Number of pages14 JournalAnimal Cognition Publication statusPublished - 28 Oct 2020 Structured keywords • Cognitive Science • Memory • emulation • recall • matching to sample • mental imagery • reverse engineering • template matching • tool manufacture Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Object manufacture based on a memorized template: Goffin’s cockatoos attend to different model features'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. Cite this
How Many Medical Codes Are There? What is CPT Coding? Current Procedural Terminology (CPT codes) are numbers assigned to every task and service a medical practitioner may provide to a patient including medical, surgical, and diagnostic services.. What are the basics of medical coding? Medical coding involves extracting billable information from the medical record and clinical documentation, while medical billing uses those codes to create insurance claims and bills for patients. Creating claims is where medical billing and coding intersect to form the backbone of the healthcare revenue cycle. Is medical coding hard? Medical coding isn’t as hard as it seems at first glance. “It is like learning a foreign language,” says Bonnie Moore, RHIT and HIT program coordinator at Rasmussen College. “What makes it difficult is that there are three major coding systems and each of them is different. So you are learning three foreign languages.” What are the new ICD 10 codes for 2020? Proposed 2020 ICD-10-CM codes include new codes for deep tissue damage, facial bone fractures, blood clotsEye wall fractures. … Deep tissue injuries. … Atrial fibrillation. … Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis. … Embolism and thrombosis. … Poisoning, adverse effects and underdosing. … Heatstroke. … Legal intervention.More items…• How many ICD 10 codes are there? There are over 70,000 ICD-10-PCS procedure codes and over 69,000 ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes, compared to about 3,800 procedure codes and roughly 14,000 diagnosis codes found in the previous ICD-9-CM. What are the three categories of CPT codes? Types of code There are three types of CPT code: Category I, Category II, and Category III. Who creates Hcpcs codes? There are two organizations that issue HCPCS codes: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), located in Baltimore, Maryland, is the agency that issues new HCPCS codes. CMS uses a HCPCS Workgroup to make its decisions on new codes. How many types of medical codes are there? Three TypesThree Types of Code You’ll Have to Know. There are three sets of code you’ll use on a daily basis as a medical coder. Are ICD 9 codes still used? The ICD-9 code structure has been in place for 30 years. The terms currently used in ICD-9 have become outdated, obsolete and inconsistent with current medical practices. In addition, the structure of ICD-9 limits the number of new codes that can be created, and many ICD-9 categories are full. What is 3m coding? Can Z codes be primary diagnosis? How do you read ICD 10 codes? ICD-10-CM is a seven-character, alphanumeric code. Each code begins with a letter, and that letter is followed by two numbers. The first three characters of ICD-10-CM are the “category.” The category describes the general type of the injury or disease. The category is followed by a decimal point and the subcategory. Where can I look up CPT codes for free? Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to look up CPT codes for free:Step #1: Go to AMA website.Step #2: There you will find an End-User License Agreement. … Step #3: Click on AGREE. … Step #4: Once you click on “AGREE”, it will take you to the next page which is your search page.Step #5: Choose your state and city.More items…• How many CPT codes are there in 2020? There are 394 code changes in the 2020 CPT code set, including 248 new codes, 71 deletions, and 75 revisions. In making these updates, the CPT Editorial Panel considered broad input from physicians, medical specialty societies and the greater health care community. How many ICD 10 codes are there in 2019? The ICD-10-CM code set for 2019 includes 279 additions, 51 deletions, and 143 revised codes —for a grand total of 71,932 codes, compared to this year’s 71,701 codes (an additional 228 codes).
What makes COVID-19 different? Interesting facts and data What makes COVID-19 different? Interesting facts and data - The Hot Mess Press Are you tired yet of hearing about COVID-19? It has been on the news and on our minds for most of 2020. COVID-19 is not something that will be forgotten anytime soon. What has made this virus so much different than others? The politicizing of the virus and the regulations surrounding it are some of the main things that make COVID-19 different from other viral infections. This virus has also brought about mask-wearing controversies, stay-at-home orders, job loss, and a huge impact on the economy. So what makes COVID-19 different from the flu and other seasonal illnesses? Here are some interesting facts and information about the virus. Survival and infection rate To hear the mainstream media talk, you would think people were dropping dead left and right on the streets from COVID-19 related problems. I don’t want to trivialize the deaths and long-term effects associated with the virus. No one can argue that this virus has wreaked havoc on our country. But many people aren’t aware that the survival rate for COVID-19 is very high for most groups. The latest data shows it at 98.2% in the US. The data on this site also shows that at its highest, the mortality rate for COVID-19 in the United States was 6.2% in late spring. The vaccine for COVID-19, while considered controversial by many, is quite the scientific achievement. It was developed in record time due to President Trump’s diligence in promoting Operation Warp Speed. Other interesting facts Do you remember the panic over the SARS virus in 2003? Well, it seems that COVID-19 has a lot in common with this previous virus. One difference is the fact that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, actually bonds much more tightly to human cells. This may be one reason that symptoms can be more severe. The virus can live on surfaces but the chances of surface transmission are low. It lives up to 24 hours on cardboard and 2-3 days on plastic or stainless steel. Coronavirus gets its name from the Latin word “corona” which means crown. When viewed microscopically, the virus has spikes that give it a crown-like appearance. There are many types of coronaviruses, some of which cause the common cold, which is why COVID-19 is the correct terminology for the current virus. The number “19” comes from 2019, which is when it was first discovered in China. There are many factors that make COVID-19 different from other viruses. The hysteria surrounding the virus is one thing that will likely make it stand out for years to come. There have also been some polarizing opinions on the source of the virus, the government’s reaction to the virus, and the rules that are being enforced. There’s no arguing that small businesses have greatly suffered due to lock-downs and many people have lost jobs. But the media and many government entities have created a panic based on a virus with a significantly high survival rate. So what does this tell us? COVID-19 has devastated our country in more ways than one. What’s important is that we learn to research information to find reliable sources so we can be prepared and keep our families safe and healthy. Share THis Share on facebook Share on pinterest Share on twitter Share on linkedin Share on email
The perception of addiction among the general public is often very different from the reality of the condition. Even when accepting it as a disease, many still point to the voluntary nature of substance abuse and the subsequent development of addiction. While many addictions do begin with experimental use, there are some that occur as unintended consequences. One example is the use of prescription painkillers, which starts innocently enough because of an injury, but often ends in debilitating heroin addiction. America, The Land of Prescription Painkillers At some point over the last 20 years, the U.S. became completely obsessed with prescription opioids. Physicians are prescribing them at record rates, and patients are relying on them for relief more than ever before. The combination of rampant chronic pain in America,[1] incessant drug marketing, and overloaded healthcare providers has led to a full-blown national opioid epidemic. U.S. Prescription Opioid Use and Abuse by The Numbers • The number of opioids prescribed grew from approximately 76-million in 1991 to 207-million in 2013 • Americans makeup 4.6 percent of the world’s population but consume 80 percent of its prescription opioids • In 2012, physicians wrote 260 million prescriptions for painkillers, which was enough for every adult in the nation to have his or her own bottle • 46 Americans die every day from an overdose on prescription painkillers • There were 1.9 million Americans addicted to prescription painkillers in 2014 • In 2014, there were 4.3 million nonmedical users of opioid painkillers • Prescription drug abuse is the leading cause of drug overdoses nationally While prescribing opioids is the most common strategy used to treat pain, it is not always the most effective. With physicians spending mere minutes with each patient during visits, the simplest and quickest treatment for pain is an opioid prescription. The problem is that painkillers only mask the sensation of pain; they do not eliminate its cause, which means that ongoing use of prescription opioids is often a necessity. Ongoing use leads to dependency and then addiction. Painkillers are extremely effective at bringing short-term relief for severe injuries, pain associated with cancer, and post-surgical pain. However, there is little information known about the benefits of long-term opioid use. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) notes that most clinical studies into the long-term impact of opioid use end at six weeks or less. The organization also notes that with 8 million Americans currently using prescription opioids for the treatment of chronic pain, the gap of knowledge into its impact and efficacy over extended periods of time is problematic. 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. The Road from Prescription Painkillers to Heroin Addiction The spike in opioid prescriptions has led to an increase in heroin abuse, addiction, and overdoses. Prescription opioids and illicit heroin are both derived from the poppy plant, giving them similar chemical structures, analgesic properties, and potential for abuse and addiction. The chief differences between the two types of drugs are part of what has led to an increase in heroin use, following a crackdown on the prescribing of painkillers: • Heroin is cheaper • Heroin does not require a prescription • Heroin is often more potent The path from the responsible use of prescription painkillers to heroin addiction is one that we are seeing played out all too often across the United States. When a person is injured playing sports, in a car accident or any other way, they are often prescribed powerful opioids for the pain. As a patient continues to take a prescription opioid, he or she may develop a tolerance that will require more pills to produce the same effects. When a prescribing physician refuses to increase the dosage or write another prescription, many patients are forced to find other alternatives. For individuals who either still need pain relief, have become dependent on prescription opioids, or have begun to use them for non-medical purposes, the loss of access to the prescription can be quite devastating, leading to a host of painful withdrawal symptoms. Faced with the choice of fighting withdrawal symptoms or finding an alternative, many choose heroin as a substitute. Heroin use not only relieves pain, but it also satisfies the opioid addiction. How Prescription Opioids Are Linked to Heroin 1. People who are addicted to prescription opioids are 40 times more likely to become addicted to heroin 2. The rise in opioid prescriptions during the 21st century mirrors the 286 percent increase in heroin-related overdose deaths during the same period 1. 1. 2. 2. Exploring Drug-Free Pain Treatments Pain relief is not exclusively available in a bottle. Long before the advent of modern medicine, civilizations relied on a number of different pain-relieving methods that are still in use today. The problem for most of these drug-free options is that they don’t work as quickly as opioids – something that does not always sit well with our microwave-oriented society. We want results as quickly as possible, and drug-free options don’t provide instant relief. What they can provide, however, is long-lasting relief. Researchers from the NIH examined the efficacy and safety of alternative treatments, reviewing 105 randomized controlled trials from January 1966-to-March 2016. Based on a “preponderance” of positive outcomes versus negative ones, researchers determined that yoga, acupuncture, tai chi, and massage therapy could be effective in treating specific types of pain. Researchers admitted that there were gaps in data and that more research needs to be conducted to determine the efficacy of a broader population. People who take prescription opioids according to doctors’ orders can still develop a destructive addiction to heroin as a result. Unfortunately, by the time it gets to that point, the addicted individual needs help to overcome dependency in addition to education about drug-free pain relief. If you’re stuck in a never-ending cycle of pain and drug abuse, it’s time to ask for help. The addiction care professionals at Unity Behavioral Health are experts in pain management, compassionate detoxification, retraining of life-skills, and all of the other rehab services a person in recovery requires. Stop letting addiction control you, and get the help you need to turn your life around by calling us right away at 561-708-5295. Get Help Now 24 Hr HELPLINE : 561-708-5295
Question: Does Lord Mean Jesus Or God? Why is Jesus called Lord and not God? What Does It Mean to Say That Jesus Christ is Lord. He cannot be Lord of a part — He must be given control of the entire life – the whole life.. What does Lord mean in the Bible? When you see the word “lord,” written in all lower case letters, it is the Hebrew word אֲדוֹן (adon, Strong’s #113) and means “lord” or “master,” one who has authority over another. In the example above (Genesis 18:12) this word is a description of Abraham, Sarah’s “lord.” What is Jesus King of? In the New Testament, Jesus is referred to as the King of the Jews (or King of the Judeans), both at the beginning of his life and at the end. … The title “King of the Jews” is only used in the New Testament by gentiles, namely by the Magi, Pontius Pilate, and the Roman soldiers. What was Jesus tattoo? The name that’s “written . . . on his thigh” is a symbol of Jesus’ supreme authority. At the time when the book of Revelation was written, in the AD 80s or 90s, the Roman emperor Domitian was being called “Lord and God,” so the book is disallowing his claim and asserting that Jesus is “Lord of lords” instead. Who created God? Is God and Lord God the same? Who is called the Lord of the Lords? Does Lord mean God? Lord usually translates adonai, which is the equivalent of ruler or master (as in English today). LORD usually translates Yahweh (Jehovah), the sacred covenant name of God. God usually translates elohim, which appears to mean something like “the mighty one.” What is God’s real name? Does Lord mean king? “Lord”, as a gloss to Old English dryhten, meant royal, ruler, prince, noble, and did not indicate a deity. … In English language Old Testament translations such as the King James Version, the Hebrew name YHWH (the Tetragrammaton) is usually rendered “the LORD”. What is God’s? God, in monotheistic thought, is conceived of as the supreme being, creator, and principal object of faith. … In theism, God is the creator and sustainer of the universe, while in deism, God is the creator, but not the sustainer, of the universe. In pantheism, God is the universe itself. Why is Yeshua called Jesus?
News site... Anxiety Wed, 20 Jan 2021 21:16:06 +0800 en-US daily 1 Learn to Recognize Anxiety Symptoms Wed, 22 May 2019 21:06:00 +0800 It can also be a disease that will not allow you to function or even work, so there are many different types of this ailment known as anxiety, which is similar to although a bit less than panic. There are several types of anxiety. Most symptoms are brought on by stress, depression, sadness, loneliness, anger, and every other negative emotion imaginable. Sometimes, people experience anxiety out of the clear blue. Anxiety typically consists of an intense feeling of fear that overwhelms every aspect of your life. It is often very uncontrollable. Some of the most common anxiety symptoms include depression, worry, panic attacks, chest pains, experiencing weakness or dizziness, unexplained muscle soreness, frequent blushing, and the list literally goes on and on. These are just a few, however. Most of the symptoms are generally physical and can vary from one individual to the next. For example, when you have an intense episode of anxiety, and everything seems to be spinning out of control, this is called a panic attack. A panic attack is when you are suddenly overwhelmed with feelings of terror and irrational fear. The things that you are afraid of usually are not relevant to the situation that you are in when the panic attack approaches. This is the worst way in which anxiety manifests itself. Panic attacks cause tingling and numbness of the arms and legs, and sometimes of the face and lips. When a person is experiencing a panic attack, they usually believe that death is the only way out. Typically an attack lasts for no longer than ten minutes, then it is over, and you are fine. Anxiety symptoms can also plague the emotions, causing the individual to feel intimidated by normal everyday situations like driving, socializing, and working. If you are a victim of anxiety, then you understand the emotional torture that comes with it. You can often become paranoid, sad, angry, and depressed all at once. Anxiety is hard enough to deal with in its own respect, let alone the excess baggage of negative emotion that it brings. The mentality that comes with anxiety is one that can be scarring and unfortunately, usually requires intense counseling in order to be reversed. The thought processes that are formed inside of the mind during times of high anxiety, stress, and worry can frequently be very different from the natural thinking process. Anxiety symptoms can cause a terrible interruption that is very devastating. If you continue to experience these torturous anxiety symptoms, they can begin to have a snow ball effect and potentially create an even more vicious cycle in our lives. Something needs to be done to stop the pattern. Everything that you do may start to reflect back on you in terms of your anxiety. It is a fact that chronic anxiety is not good for anyone, and it spirals our lives out of control. ]]> 36 Learn to Deal With Stress and Anxiety Attacks Wed, 22 May 2019 20:49:00 +0800 Let me ask you about some things. Have you ever found yourself trembling in the emergency room terrified that you're having a heart attack because your chest is tight and you can't catch your breath... your heart is racing and you've got tingling sensations... and then, been told after examination that there was no heart attack, but you had an ANXIETY attack? Fearful that you might stop breathing because your chest feels tight and your breathing erratic? How about this: you're always waiting to have a total nervous breakdown or go utterly insane and need to be institutionalized? Are you seriously anxious over everyday things that others do without a second thought on a daily basis? Have you been finding yourself being put on edge or totally stressed out by everyday situations that you, yourself, never thought twice about before--your head filled with obsessive worries, dark and strange thoughts, and the sensation of being "disconnected"? Have you been finding yourself uncomfortable and extremely tense in enclosed spaces where lots of people go and never get bothered, like the movies, the supermarket, or even an airport terminal? If you have, then you've almost certainly felt out of control. You've felt as if you can't do anything about it. That helpless feeling just compounds the fear and dread, too. These are truly awful, terrible, even terrifying experiences. But what does our society tell you you have to do about them? You have to medicate them away. You "need fixing". You need to go see a psychiatrist, and that psychiatrist will more often than not write you out a "scrip" for some drugs--powerful drugs that cost a lot of money and could have powerful side effects that you don't like. Now, these psychiatrists and drug companies mean well most of the time... but when you've got a serious problem like stress and anxiety attacks, you need more than good intentions. You need RESULTS. And, one of the things that is most important for you to know about these kinds of attacks is that there's nothing "wrong with" you. You just might have DONE something wrong, something minor -- we all make mistakes throughout our lives -- and now your brain chemistry got set to give you a "fight or flight" response to a situation where you just need a rational response. This all-natural method for learning to deal with stress and anxiety attacks doesn't rely on all those other "natural" things that don't work like "deep breathing", speaking "positive affirmations", or using NLP and hypnosis. What's more, it only takes a few seconds to implement and it doesn't matter where you are or what you're doing at the time you feel an attack welling up inside you--you can put it down in less than one minute. Don't waste another dollar of your money or another moment of your precious life. Your stress and anxiety attacks can be mastered right away. ]]> 52 Stop Anxiety and Panic Attacks - There is a Way Out Wed, 22 May 2019 20:35:00 +0800 Also called anxiety attacks, panic attacks can be very scary. They can also ruin your life, causing you to lose your job or disrupt relationships. Happily, there is a way of out the prison that you are in. Symptoms: Symptoms of anxiety and panic attacks include: * Racing heartbeat * Sweaty hands * Feeling of impending doom or like you are going to die * Nausea * Tingling or numbness in the chest, neck, hands or face * Hyperventilating * Difficulty concentrating on mundane tasks Causes: There can be a range of causes of panic and anxiety attacks, including: * Situations that trigger buried memories of negative past events * A recent traumatic event such as a personal attack or a car accident * A problem with your thyroid * Agoraphobia (fear of open spaces) or other known anxieties Prevention: Panic and anxiety attacks can be prevented in a number of ways, such as: * Avoiding the situations that cause them (note: this is a good short-term solution only) * Getting therapy to come to terms with past events that could be triggering the attacks * Getting your thyroid checked by a doctor * Working through your fears so that you can overcome their effects Anxiety and panic attacks can be very scary and can even put your life on hold needlessly. With a number of possible symptoms, causes, and methods of prevention, it is important that you face your panic attack problem head-on so that you can break free from its effects and get on with your life. ]]> 49 Panic Attack Medication - How I Recently Uncovered the Best & Fastest Anxiety Medication! Wed, 22 May 2019 20:27:00 +0800 They are referred to anxiolytics, or anti-anxiety medications. Benzodiazepines are the fastest anxiety medications and they can be used when needed instead of being taken on a regular basis. Benzodiazepines must be given to you by your doctor because of their ability to calm anxiety. If you are taking this type of medication, you may need to stay in and refrain from driving for a few hours to allow the effect of the drug to wear off. Doctors will want to prescribe these medications in accordance with any other medications you are currently taking since they do not want to cause you to have an adverse reaction. Benzodiazepines, or benzos, act relatively fast and can be taken for periodic bouts of anxiety. They are usually not prescribed to be taken on a regular basis because there is the possibility of forming an addiction to the drug. If your doctor recommends this type of drug to you, the two of you will need to work closely together to monitor the number of anxiety attacks and the effect the drug has on you. Benzos do not last very long in the system and within a few hours you are back to normal. Some of the more popular benzos are Xanax, clonazepam, and Valium. Doctors will often recommend that you take one of these medications before a serious medical procedure or surgery so that your level of anxiety will decrease. As a rule, benzos are safe when you take them as directed. Because of the possibility of addiction it is best if you only use them in extreme circumstances. It is always better if you can get control of your anxiety the natural way instead of depending on drugs. At first this may be difficult but over time you will be able to develop some habits that will help you stay calm and on an even keel. Once you recognize the fact that you have an anxiety disorder you can then begin to work on ways to control that anxiety. Learn to recognize the signs that you are about to experience an anxiety attack. As soon as you see those signs you should immediately begin relaxation exercises. Often going for a walk outdoors will help ward off an anxiety attack. Just getting out of the house and concentrating on something other than your anxiety will often do the trick. For those times when taking a walk is out of the question you should practice some deep breathing exercises that you will be able to do no matter where you are. Learning the technique of this type of breathing is the key. This is something that should be practiced even during the times when you are not having an anxiety attack. By understanding how to do these exercises you will be able to implement them when you really need them. In extreme cases anti-anxiety medication may be necessary but you should limit them to extreme cases only. Being able to deal with your anxiety naturally is much safer and will leave you feeling better after an attack is over. In conclusion, curing anxiety without the use of anti-anxiety medication not only possible, but recommended by me - I know from experience. In fact, as a rule of thumb, both the Linden method and Panic Away programs guarantee exceptional results where drug-free panic attack cure is concerned. In my free 10-Day mini eCourse titled: The mystery of the 7th cure, I go into extensive details about the contents of both programs. Okay, that's it for now. Thanks for your time. ]]> 49 How Many Types of Panic Attacks Are There? Wed, 22 May 2019 20:20:00 +0800 The flurries of panic attacks that are currently crippling people's lifestyles are becoming more and more prevalent and this may be due to our currently frenetic lifestyles. We are constantly expected to change and alter to shifting lifestyle landscapes, to changes and shifts in expectations, to financial pressures, to reinvention and so much more. Understanding what causes the onset of a panic attack helps the sufferer to prevent or prepare for the feelings of fear and loss of control. Attacks may be caused by medical conditions, phobias, and anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic distress or social anxiety. Situational Attacks. Many try to avoid the situations they know will cause panic attacks and these may include social situations. Facing a new group of people, performing a presentational task in front of many people, being out of your comfort zone may lead to a panic attack. The sufferer often tries to avoid these situations. However doing this may allay the attack, the person is unable to conduct a fully functioning social and business role. Others suffer from less daily occurrences such as taking an air flight, travelling via the underground rail routes in big cities, standing in queues, visiting official offices, public speaking and taking exams. Spontaneous attacks happen for absolutely no reason and arrive without warning many people suffer from these at least a couple of time during their lifetime. They are difficult to prepare for but still just as frightening. Research tells proves that professionals believe the best way to cure the onset of an attack is to set about learning new behavioral patterns. To change the way we view a situation and learn a set of techniques to cope with each situation. The best way to do this is to belong to a strong mentoring program that will gently lead each participant through the relevant steps to a lifetime cure. ]]> 56 Social Phobias and Anxiety Wed, 22 May 2019 20:16:00 +0800 " The negative feelings of self-doubt lead to the individual feeling that others see them in that same negative fashion and this usually brings down their self-doubt even more. The individual generally has a constant feeling of anxiety and expects their social performance to always decrease over time. People with social phobias often get very nervous and get a lot of anxiety when they even think about going out in public or having to confront other people, especially if there is the possibility of rejection. A socially anxious person can never fully relax with other people around them. Social anxiety is the third largest psychological problem in the United States. It affects around 15 million Americans' a year. Considering how common social phobias and social anxiety is, they are both very hard to diagnose. Many of our professional still don't understand social anxiety. Around 90% of the people that have this problem are misdiagnosed. Social anxiety isn't a problem that many people have heard of. This causes a lot of extra stress among those individuals suffering from it, they all feel like because they haven't heard about it they are the only ones suffering from this problem. There have been many new ways to diagnose and treat social anxiety and social phobia as doctors and scientists have come to better understand this terrifying problem. We can hope that in the near future we will have a much better way to help these individuals so they can live a normal healthy life. One day, (and hopefully one day soon) we will have a way to help these individuals finally be secure with themselves and the world around them. They will be able to walk in pubic with their heads high and confident. Science and doctors are coming closer to this cure, and hopefully one day soon they will be able to help those people around them live the life they dream of. ]]> 51 Interoceptive Therapy Shown to Reduce Panic Attacks Wed, 22 May 2019 20:14:00 +0800 Currently the most successful treatment is cognitive behavioral treatment. Cognitive behavioral therapy aims to have the patient rethink their reactions to the experience that causes them to have panic attacks. Around 80% of patients who undergo cognitive behavioral therapy make a full recovery and are classed as panic-free. Key to this therapy for anxiety attacks is interoceptive therapy - which aims to simulate in a controlled environment the symptoms of a panic attack. Typically these symptom inductions will last for one minute. The patient is encouraged to hyperventilate, perhaps spin in a chair to induce dizziness, hold their breath to generate feelings of being out of breath and perform strenuous exercise to increase heart rate, perspiration and respiration. These exercises mimic a panic attack, and many sufferers experience some considerable distress, so exercises must be performed in controlled conditions. Over the period of a few weeks the panic attack sufferer should begin to feel less fear of these symptoms, and therefore no anxiety relating to them. It is thought that the brain begins to learn nothing untoward happens to the patient when experiencing the panic attack symptoms and the exaggerated nervous system reaction fades. Another form of psychotherapy focuses on discussing the stressors that caused the anxiety in the first place, rather than focusing on the resultant symptoms. This can include exploring a traumatic experience in the person's past, separation anxiety or how the role of dependency has affected the sufferer. In all cases it has been shown that sufferers who have a strong support structure of friends and family are much more likely to make a speedy recovery. It is sometimes the case that the sufferer has become ostracized from their friends and family due to the sufferer's reactive behavior to the panic disorder symptoms - they may have retreated into alcohol or substance abuse, and their behavior was destructive and detrimental to their family unit. Once the true reason behind the panic attack sufferer's actions is known, if an early reconciliation is possible it will aid in their recovery. If this is not a possibility there are many anxiety support groups who can be that support structure in the family's stead. ]]> 52 How to Conquer Anxiety and Panic Permanently Wed, 22 May 2019 20:08:00 +0800 You will get the feeling of irritation, sickness, tiredness, severe pain in the head, affect the respiratory system and not able to be calm. Only few people are brave enough to get rid of anxiety. Many are not confident and couldn't believe that they could fight it out and win. Find below the secrets to put a full stop to anxiety and panic symptoms once for all. First sit in a calm and peaceful room. Take a blank paper and start writing the list of items or things you afraid. Then rate the things with the level of fear as low, medium and high. Evaluate the things and the source of fear. Once you prepare the list, you will now know the reasons for your frighten then it is easy for you find the way how to oppose the fear by strengthen your attitude and right behavior. Thirty percent of your task of treating anxiety is over by finished this job. Remedy without Medication: • Start doing regular physical exercise. It could be walking, cycling, jogging, work out in gym, swimming, yoga or playing outdoor games. Try this out for 45 minutes to 1 hour daily. This will bring your blood pressure to normal and make you energetic and enthusiastic. • Just smell the flowers with pleasant flavors. It will lessen your stress. • Apply or inhale the aroma from the lavender essence oil. It will control your brain and make your feel calm. • Spend some time and play with your pet animal in your home if you have. • Don't be a reserved person. Spend time with your close relatives or friends either in person or phone and share your problems and concern with them. You will get a immediate relief soon after sharing the things with them. Medication: Have you tried all the above recommended tips and there is no significant improvement? You have to consult your family doctor and discuss your problem and get a course of treatment as he prescribed. ]]> 51 Alcohol As Number 1 Trigger of Panic Attack: Its Nature and Solution Wed, 22 May 2019 19:58:00 +0800 It may make us feel happiness and relaxation but once it is taken excessively, you are expected to feel anxiety and panic disorder as an after effect. As what we normally notice, alcohol slowly damages our nerves and brain resulting to a restless and unbalanced nervous system. Not to mention other factors; which could add up to a panic disorder sufferer's agony. There is nothing wrong with drinking alcohol. It only becomes wrong once it becomes overboard. People who become addicted to alcohol are very susceptible to fights, critical diseases and most of all to panic and anxiety. We are fortunate enough that treatments such as natural remedies are still there ready to help us overcome panic disorder. However, we can only be healed if we will teach ourselves to lessen if not stop the use of alcohol. Then, coupled with a comprehensive anxiety treatment plan; you are definitely on the right track of redeeming your balanced nervous system and liberating yourself from the clutches of panic and anxiety attack. Here is an Anxiety Treatment Plan that works effectively and immediately. • Stop living a sedentary lifestyle by having a regular exercise in order to burn nervous energy and stress directly out of your body. • Start giving yourself a good and regular sleeping cycle so as to regain a balance nervous system quickly. • Try activities that have direct balance effects to your body. These are some of them: tai chi, yoga, hot and cold showers, self massage, and deep breathing. • Drink plenty of water to maintain a balanced nerve. • Eat green vegetables and fruits every day to store great amounts of alkaline mineral. • Take protein for it is important in building neurotransmitters that keeps anxiety and panic attack away. Anxiety treatment plan is a wonderful and effective remedy for panic attack. Once you start implementing this to your daily living, it will surely leave you grateful. You will surely be overwhelmed of its immense positive effects. So, drop that alcohol bottle and start your very own treatment process, now. The euphoria and relaxation you get from alcohol is nothing compared to the lifetime comfort and relaxation you will get out of natural treatment. ]]> 48 Looking For Natural Anxiety Relief? Wed, 22 May 2019 19:55:00 +0800 If you have tried all other avenues of acquiring relief and yet unable to pull out of the problem of anxiety, this commentary is meant for you. Some of the natural avenues of overcoming this problem includes herbs, aromatherapy and homeopathic options to state a few. Many individuals grappling with this setback have found relief after applying one or two of these avenues. One of the lots of natural ways of addressing anxiety is your diet. To put in another way, you have to watch what you are eating as this goes a long way to spark or overcome anxiety. As a result, it is advisable to keep away from caffeine. Try and take more fruits and vegetables. This will do your body a lot of benefit. Meditation is another natural approach you have to try out. Since anxiety has to do with your mind, it connote that whatever solutions you want to make use of should have to do with your mind too. Try and spend few minutes in meditation on a daily basis. Think positively and observe the bright side of life. This will keep anxiety away from you. Similar to this is imagination. Try and imagine or envision that positive thing you want. Never think of the negative. I like listening to motivational speakers and cassettes as well as good music that removes the mind from all sources of anxiety. There are scores of them around you for you to pick. When you discern anxiety mounting in you, try and search out motivational books or audio. It will transform your thinking without delay. Frequent work out is another tactic of finishing anxiety naturally. I like you to end protesting that you do not have the time. You need to create time for it. Remember, we are talking about your health here. Ten or fifteen minutes of exercise in the morning before you leave home is good. while in the place of work, try and take the stairs once in a while rather than using the elevator all the time. And, try standing up from your chair and walk around rather than sitting the entire day. Unlike other technique of allaying anxiety, all the avenues discussed in this piece of writing comes with no side effects. This saves you lots of your hard earned cash. They are extremely recommended if you don't want to use the other measures of coping with the difficulty. ]]> 34
Online College Courses for Credit Reading with your Purpose in Mind Reading with your Purpose in Mind Author: Sydney Bauer This lesson explains how to read with purpose in mind. See More Fast, Free College Credit Developing Effective Teams Let's Ride 37 Sophia partners guarantee credit transfer. Reading with your purpose in mind Reading with your purpose in mind The first step to reading with your purpose in mind is figuring out what that purpose is. It could be a purpose assigned to you, or a purpose you’ve given to yourself. If you’re having a hard time determining what your purpose for reading is, here is a list of the five most common purposes for reading: • You’re trying to understand the author’s underlying message. You’re purpose for reading is to understand the main idea. You won’t focus on the details of the reading. Instead you’ll focus on how the details fit together to create the main ideas of the reading. • You’re trying to locate specific details throughout a book or assigned reading. You’ll want to underline, highlight, or circle them as you find them. • You’re trying to answer a question about the author, book, characters, ideas, or any other part of the reading. Write the question down on a note card so that you have something that you can look back at. Make sure you take some time to try and answer the question (or make an educated guess as to what the answer is) at different points in the text. • You’re trying to evaluate the usefulness of the reading. You’ll need to decide what makes a book “useful”: does it help you with your research? Does it help you understand another book? Does it provide you with enough information? Does it provide you with too much information? How accurate is the information? • You want to be entertained, so your purpose for reading is entertainment. Depending on what your purpose for reading is, you might want to jot it down on a note card or post-it note that you can refer back to as you read. As you read, keep referring back to your purpose. When you are getting near the end of your book or assigned reading, concentrate on fulfilling that purpose. Reading with your purpose in mind
Online College Courses for Credit The Significance of 1919: The Red Scare The Significance of 1919: The Red Scare Author: Sophia Tutorial Evaluate the causes and consequences of the Red Scare See More Fast, Free College Credit Developing Effective Teams Let's Ride 37 Sophia partners guarantee credit transfer. what's covered As President Wilson, other world leaders, and U.S. politicians debated the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, Americans faced different challenges at the end of World War I. Several unrelated factors combined to make 1919 one of the most significant years in American history. When American troops returned home, they found the nation beset by a terrifying flu epidemic, racial violence, labor strife, and anticommunist hysteria. The uncertainty caused by these events marked the end of Progressivism. This tutorial examines the challenges of 1919 in four parts: 1. The Flu Epidemic 2. “Red Summer” 3. The Red Scare 4. The End of Progressivism 1. The Flu Epidemic A poster showing Uncle Sam and Lady Liberty ushering in the new year by escorting a New Year’s baby wearing a sash labeled “1919”. Shortly after the armistice between the Allied and Central powers was signed on November 11, 1918, American troops demobilized and were sent home. As the poster above indicates, many of the soldiers, along with citizens who supported the war effort, envisioned a celebratory transition from wartime to an era of peace, liberty, and prosperity. However, one unanticipated (and unwanted) result of the soldiers’ return was the emergence of a new strain of influenza. Within months of the war’s end, over 20 million Americans contracted the disease. 675,000 of them died before the epidemic mysteriously subsided in the spring of 1919. The flu pandemic that came home with the returning troops swept through the U.S., as evidenced by this overcrowded flu ward at Camp Funston, Kansas. did you know Recent estimates indicate that 500 million people worldwide were infected by this flu strain. As many as 50 million of them died. Between the fall of 1918 and the spring of 1919, fear of infection was prevalent throughout the United States. Americans avoided public gatherings, children wore surgical masks to school, and undertakers ran out of coffins and burial plots. Instead of welcoming soldiers with postwar celebrations, many Americans sought to avoid contact with the virus. 2. "Red Summer" As Americans recovered from the flu epidemic, race riots in northern cities and other episodes of racial violence erupted. The violence was so great during the summer of 1919 that it came to be known as the “Red Summer”. term to know “Red Summer” The summer of 1919, when race riots occurred in several northern cities, resulting in over 250 deaths Racial violence was widespread in the U.S., but it became concentrated in several northern cities during World War I, when thousands of African Americans traveled north in search of jobs in wartime industries. During the “Red Summer”, 25 race riots that killed over 250 people occurred in northern cities. In Chicago, on July 27th, a white mob stoned a young black boy to death because he swam too close to the “white beach” on Lake Michigan. The police at the scene did not arrest the perpetrators. The killing prompted a week-long riot. By the time the National Guard restored order, 23 blacks and 15 whites were dead, and millions of dollars’ worth of property had been damaged. Riots broke out in Chicago following the killing of a black boy. After a week of violence, 38 people (including 23 African Americans) were dead. Some of the black victims were stoned (a); many of those who survived had to abandon their homes, which were vandalized by white mobs (b). Like the Haymarket affair over 30 years earlier, news reports of the Chicago race riots shaped local and national opinion regarding racism, mob violence, and police brutality. As you read the newspaper accounts provided below, use the 5 Ws to guide your analysis. Here are some 5W questions to consider: • Who wrote this report? Who is it about? Who is the audience? • What’s going on in this account? • What’s the purpose? • Where was this report created or presented? • When was it created? • Why does this report exist? • How is this account constructed? • What does the ordering of the ideas tell you about its project and its argument? The Chicago Daily Tribune, which catered to white readers and often expressed distaste for the city’s black population, described the cause of the riots as follows: Chicago Daily Tribune, Article on the Chicago Race Riots, Summer, 1919 “Racial feeling, which had been on a par with the weather during the day took fire shortly after 5 o’clock when white bathers at the Twenty-ninth street improvised beach saw a colored boy on a raft paddling into what they termed ‘white’ territory. A snarl of protest went up from the whites and soon a volley of rocks and stones were sent in his direction. One rock, said to have been thrown by George Stauber of 2904 Cottage Grove avenue, struck the lad and he toppled into the water. Cop Refuses to Interfere. Colored men who were present attempted to go to his rescue, but they were kept back by the whites, it is said. Colored men and women, it is alleged, asked Policeman Dan Callahan of the Cottage Grove station to arrest Stauber, but he is said to have refused. Then, indignant at the conduct of the policeman, the Negroes set upon Stauber and commenced to pummel him. The whites came to his rescue and then the battle royal was on. Fists flew and rocks were hurled. Bathers from the colored Twenty-fifth street beach were attracted to the scene of the battling and aided their comrades in driving the whites into the water. Negroes Chase Policeman. Then they turned on Policeman Callahan and drove him down Twenty-ninth street. He ran into a drug store at Twenty-ninth street and Cottage Grove avenue and phoned the Cottage Grove avenue police station. Two wagon loads of cops rolled to the scene, and in a scuffle that ensued here Policeman John O’Brien and three blacks were shot.” think about it According to the report above, how did the Chicago race riots begin? In what ways is this report different from, and similar to, the previous discussion of the riots' origins? The Chicago Defender, the city’s leading African-American newspaper, provided a more graphic and gruesome account of the riots: Chicago Defender, Article on the Chicago Race Riots, Summer 1919 “Following the Sunday [July 27] affray, the red tongues had blabbed their fill, and Monday [July 28] morning found the thoroughfares in the white neighborhoods throated with a sea of humans—everywhere—some armed with guns, bricks, clubs and an oath. The presence of a black face in their vicinity was a signal for a carnival of death, and before any aid could reach the poor, unfortunate one his body reposed in some kindly gutter, his brains spilled over a dirty pavement. Some of the victims were chased, caught and dragged into alleys and lots, where they were left for dead. In all parts of the city, white mobs dragged from surface cars, black passengers wholly ignorant of any trouble, and set upon them. An unidentified man, young woman and a 3 month old baby were found dead on the street at the intersection of 47th street and Wentworth avenue. She had attempted to board a car there when the mob seized her, beat her, slashed her body into ribbons and beat the Baby’s brains out against a telegraph pole. Not satisfied with this, one rioter severed her breasts and a white youngster bore it aloft on pole, triumphantly, while the crowd hooted gleefully. All the time this was happening, several policemen were in the crowd, but did not make any attempt to make rescue until too late.” think about it Why do you think this report used graphic language to describe the cause of the Chicago race riots? 1. What differences do you notice in how the newspapers report the role of police officers during the riots? What might explain these differences? 2. Did these newspapers succeed in providing objective facts related to the violence, or did they only increase racial tensions? Think about contemporary debates about media control of information, and whether the information they provide is valid. In light of the examples above, did such a debate take place during the Chicago race riots of 1919? To what extent can bias and news sources distort understanding of the Chicago race riots and other violent outbreaks in the “Red Summer”? did you know Southern lynchings also occurred during “Red Summer”. 76 people were lynched in the South in 1919, including several black veterans wearing their uniforms. The violence of “Red Summer” revealed that many whites, including returning soldiers, were committed to maintaining positions of supremacy in their neighborhoods and workplaces. Many black soldiers returned home determined to assert their rights as citizens. At the same time, African Americans continued to move northward as the 1920s began, to find work and social mobility during a time of discrimination and violence. 3. The Red Scare 1919 was a year of significant labor unrest. Over four million workers participated in nearly 3,000 strikes. An important cause of the unrest was the transition of the economy from wartime to postwar production. When World War I ended, businesses shifted production from guns, ships, and other wartime products to domestic goods. However, demand quickly outpaced production, leading to shortages of these goods. Prices skyrocketed. did you know In 1919, the cost of living in the United States was nearly double what it had been in 1916. During the war, many workers made a no-strike pledge, in which they agreed not to strike in support of the war effort. However, with the war over and because wages had not kept pace with rising prices, workers began to strike for better hours and increased pay. Labor unrest was associated in the minds of many Americans with the Russian Revolution. In 1917, communist revolutionaries known as Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, toppled the regime of Tsar Nicholas II. President Wilson and the other Allied leaders viewed the Russian communists with suspicion.. did you know In 1918, while the Bolsheviks fought a civil war against other Russian factions, Wilson sent American troops to Russia to undermine their government. However, this intervention had the opposite effect: it galvanized Russian support for the Bolsheviks, who won the civil war and established the Soviet Union in 1922. The U.S. did not formally recognize the Soviet Union until 1933. As revolutionary rhetoric from Bolshevik Russia increased in 1919, a number of Americans feared that domestic labor unrest was the result of communist infiltrators who sought to overthrow the government. did you know An American branch of the Communist Party was founded in 1919. Americans also remained suspicious toward non-English speaking immigrants, particularly those from southern and eastern Europe, who subscribed to radical ideas like anarchism. term to know A radical political philosophy that rejects centralized government and advocates the creation of societies based on voluntary association The widespread intolerance toward foreigners and radical ideas in 1919 became known as the Red Scare. term to know Red Scare Period following World War I in which Americans restricted, and discriminated against, radical dissent This political cartoon, published in the New York Evening Telegram in November of 1919, portrayed the labor strikes of 1919 as the first step toward revolution and chaos in the U.S. think about it How does the political cartoon above portray the American labor movement? When investigators discovered 36 letter bombs addressed to federal, state, and local officials, as well as to industrial leaders (e.g., John D. Rockefeller), at a New York City post office, fear of radicalism grew significantly. When eight bombs exploded simultaneously on June 2, 1919, including one that destroyed the entrance to U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer’s house in Washington, D.C., the country was convinced that all radicals were to blame. Newspaper photograph showing the damage done to Attorney General Palmer’s house during the bombings of June 2, 1919. Federal investigators suspected that a group of Italian anarchists were behind the bombings. Private citizens who considered themselves loyal and patriotic Americans, along with military veterans, raided the meetings of radical labor organizations in several cities. In November of 1919, Attorney General Palmer ordered the arrest of radical labor organizers and dissenters in what came to be known as the “Palmer Raids”. term to know “Palmer Raids” The dispatching of federal agents to the offices of radical organizations and labor unions — to collect evidence, make arrests and shut down operations — between November 1919 and January 1920 Overseen by 24-year-old J. Edgar Hoover, the “Palmer Raids” targeted the headquarters of radical groups and labor unions in 12 cities. At least 4.000 alleged radicals were arrested — most of them without warrants — and detained for weeks in overcrowded cells. Almost 250 of those arrested, the majority of whom were members of the Union of Russian Workers, were deported to the Soviet Union on a ship dubbed “the Soviet Ark” (pictured below): The “Soviet Ark” left New York City on December 21, 1919. As the photograph and caption above suggest, most Americans responded positively to the “Palmer Raids”, despite the disregard for civil liberties with which they were carried out. 4. The End of Progressivism The tribulations of World War I and 1919 created an atmosphere of uncertainty that led many Americans to view interventionist government and international involvement skeptically. These two principles formed part of the foundation of Progressivism, but by 1920, Americans wanted to focus on domestic progress and personal success. Eager to regain the White House, Republicans capitalized on popular sentiment by nominating Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio for President in 1920. Before his nomination, Harding summed up the view of many Americans by stating, “America’s present need is not heroics but healing; not nostrums but normalcy; not revolution but restoration.” Harding's words indicated that he would provide what Americans wanted: a President who would look and act "presidential", while letting them live their lives as they wished. Harding won the 1920 election in a landslide over his Democratic challenger, James Cox of Ohio. He received over 400 electoral votes, and 60% of the popular vote. His election indicated a shift in public opinion, and marked the beginning of a politically conservative decade dominated by Republican administrations. The end of World War I did not bring the celebrations that many Americans anticipated. The flu epidemic, one of the deadliest in history, sickened and killed millions of Americans. The events of “Red Summer” violently demonstrated that America’s racial problems had not been solved: news reports of the Chicago race riots revealed that the U.S. was more divided by race than ever before. Labor unrest, radical activism, and bombings led to the Red Scare and the “Palmer Raids”. The events of 1919 made it seem as if the end of World War I brought turmoil and unrest, not peace. This tutorial curated and/or authored by Matthew Pearce, Ph.D Source: “World peace with liberty and prosperity--1919--Happy new year,” OER Commons Image of flu ward, PD, The Chicago Daily Tribune Reports Chicago Race Riot, OER Commons, The Chicago Defender Reports Chicago Race Riot, OER Commons, “Step by Step” cartoon, PD Image of Attorney General Palmer’s house, PD Image of Soviet Ark, PD, Derived from Openstax tutorial 23.5 & 24.4 Some sections edited/removed. Terms to Know Red Scare period following World War I in which Americans restricted and discriminated against any form of radical dissent. “Palmer raids” the dispatching of federal agents to raid the offices of radical organizations and labor unions between November 1919 and January 1920. “Red Summer” the summer of 1919, when numerous northern cities experienced bloody race riots that killed over 250 people. People to Know A. Mitchell Palmer U.S. Attorney General who supported the rounding up of radical labor organizers and dissenters during the “Palmer raids,” which dispatched federal agents to the offices of radical organizations and labor unions between November 1919 and January 1920. J. Edgar Hoover first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), who served from 1924-1972; oversaw the “Palmer raids” of 1919-1920.
Main Ideas Key Facts Main Ideas Key Facts full title The Tragedy of King Richard the Third author William Shakespeare type of work Play genre History play language English time and place written Around 1592, London date of first publication 1597 tone Shakespeare’s attitude toward Richard is one of condemnation and disgust, combined with a penetrating fascination with the mind of the power-hungry psychopath. settings (time) Around 1485, though the actual historical events of the play took place over a much longer period, around 1471–1485 settings (place) Various palaces and locales in England protagonist Richard III major conflict Richard, the power-hungry younger brother of the king of England, longs to seize control of the throne, but he is far back in the line of succession. He plots and manipulates his way past the obstacles in his path to power, betraying and murdering with reckless abandon as he proceeds. rising action Richard persuades Lady Anne, Prince Edward’s widow, to marry him; he has his brother Clarence murdered; he has the two young princes in line for the throne murdered . climax In Act III, scene vii, Buckingham and others entreat Richard to accept the crown, which he pretends to refuse and then accepts. falling action Richard turns against Buckingham and murders the young princes and his wife Anne; Richmond defeats Richard at the Battle of Bosworth Field. themes The allure of evil; the relationship between ruler and state; the power of language; the rise of the Tudor dynasty in England motifs The supernatural, dreams symbols The boar foreshadowing The play is full of foreshadowing, including Margaret’s curses (which foreshadow almost all the future action of the play), Richard’s monologues, the prophetic dreams of Clarence and Stanley, and the pronouncements of the ghosts in Act V.
Lying Down After Eating Is Not Good For You – The One Reason Why girl lying down after eating in her room Lying down after eating tends to be one of the habits we do very often. We even doze off. But is this good for us? Will it create any physical problems? We may feel lazy after a meal, but that does not mean we should go to sleep. Then, what should we do after our meals to ensure good health? This article explains everything and more. Lying Down After Eating: What Happens If We Do It? As thesleepjudge said, sleep nice tasty heavy meal leaves us happy and satisfied. So, the next thing that crosses our mind is sleep. But that is awful for the health. Though it appears to be a very natural thing to do, we should avoid this. Lying down after eating should be avoided. There are many reasons for not doing this. The most significant among them is indigestion. The digestion process is most efficient when we hold our body vertical. The movement of food through the alimentary canal is unhindered in a vertical position. The gravity aids the peristaltic action of the digestive canal. Hence, food travels down well. Lots of digestive juices are secreted in the stomach, as soon as the food reaches there. Consequently, it triggers chemical digestion. The acidic digestive juices break down the food chemically. Further, this supports the absorption of the food. However, lying down after eating will give us severe acidic reflux. The acidic digestive juices from the stomach, splash into the esophagus. Additionally, its wall does not withstand these juices. As a result, it damages the esophagus walls leading in esophageal stricture. That apart, the horizontal position and reduced acidic juices in the stomach dramatically affects the digestion. It slows down considerably. Consequently, it leads to indigestion. There’s more… The semi-digested, or the undigested food, reaches the large intestine. Here, the intestinal microbes try to break down the food into energy. Generating lots of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the process. Consequently, the stomach becomes gassy. As a result, it bloats. So, now we have two problems on our hand, indigestion and a gassy and smelly stomach. Nausea also set in. Then, we feel very miserable and sick. Lying after eating is the culprit on all these. All these symptoms drive away from sleep. Look at it objectively. What do we gain by sleeping quickly after meals? Practically nothing. Why Do We Feel Sleepy After Our Meals? tired teenager lying down after eating in her bed There are a few reasons why we feel sleepy after meals. Not all of us but some do get very sleepy as soon as they finish eating. In some people, immediately after eating, the insulin shoots up. As a result, this triggers the release of serotonin. Serotonin is a sleep hormone. The tryptophan in the food also gets converted into melatonin. Moreover, these two hormones slow down the body and sleep sets. The body needs the energy to digest the food. So all energy gets diverted to digest food. As a result, the body becomes lethargic. Usually, it happens after a hefty and greasy meal. Postprandial hypotension is a rare situation that exhibits in some individuals. The blood from all over the body gets diverted to the digestive system. Usually, this happens after meals. It leaves the person very weak. He may also feel giddy. Generally, people with this disorder should sleep for an hour after meals. How Long To Wait After Meals Before Sleeping? It is advisable to wait at least two or three hours after meals before we hit the bed. During this period, the food gets partially digested in the stomach and moves into the intestine. In a way, the stomach empties. The chances of acid reflux get reduced considerably. A significant part of the digestion job gets done by this time. So, if we sleep now, it will not disturb the digestion process. Since the stomach has eased out, the quality of sleep will be much better. Gas will not trouble anymore. Also, stomach bloating is beyond the horizon now. Just by waiting a few hours, the digestion, as well as the sleep, both improve substantially. However, be advised that people suffering from postprandial hypotension should be lying down for at least an hour immediately after eating. What Is Indigestion? Based on our research in Healthline, indigestion is also known as dyspepsia. The general symptoms could be a pain in the gut. There could be an uneasy feeling in the upper abdomen too. Also, the stomach may bloat. These are external or tangible symptoms. But actually, what happens is the food inside the stomach is not processed correctly. The abdomen is unable to digest the food and assimilate it. It could be because of bad food. Or it could be because of the reduced efficiency of the stomach or some underlying disease. There is the peristaltic movement of the alimentary canal. Because of this, the food not digested goes into the intestines. The small intestine is not able to absorb nutrition from the food because it is not in the required form. It weakens the body. Furthermore, the undigested food generates gas in the stomach. It is a harrowing and uncomfortable situation to be. What Are Other Causes Of Indigestion? Sleeping after meals is not the only reason for indigestion. There are several instrumentalities of indigestion. Not very surprising, but most of the causes of indigestion correlate to a lifestyle issue. Very few reasons are medical afflictions or disease. Let us understand some very general and prominent causes of indigestion. • Eating too quickly It is advisable to chew the food adequately. There are two reasons for this. One, chewing breaks down what we eat into smaller and fine particles. Also, this facilitates the stomach to churn it and go ahead with chemical digestion. Secondly, the reason is food gets mixed up nicely with saliva. The saliva helps in breaking down the food chemically. It is the beginning of the digestion process. The mixing of saliva dramatically reduces the load on the stomach. But at times, food is gobbled. In other words, if not appropriately chewed, indigestion may result. • Overeating The digestive systems have their capacity to digest food. Beyond a certain quantity, the digestive system may not be able to handle it, thus, leading to indigestion. • Too much of fatty/greasy food Because of their composition, fat takes time to get digested. Besides, there are various types of fats, and they require particular enzymes for digestion. These enzymes are available in the body in small doses. So, if a large amount of fat gets consumed, the body will take a long time to digest it. Or, in some instances, it may not be able to absorb the fat. • Very spicy food The digestive systems are thrown out of gear digesting very spicy food. Moderate spices are good for health, as it has antimicrobial and antiseptic properties. But heavily spiced food contains capsaicin. It slows down the digestive process drastically. Hence, very spicy food is challenging to digest. • Very high dose of caffeine Caffeine interferes with the mechanism of digestion. It induces the release of large amounts of digestive juices without food being in the stomach. Later, when you eat food, the body does not release the required quantity of gastric juices. It leads to poor digestion. • Smoking Tobacco has nicotine, which signals the valve between the stomach and the esophagus to open. The opening of this valve results in acid reflux in the esophagus and damage to its lining. On the other hand, the stomach loses its digestive juices. Consequently, the digestion is affected adversely. • Alcohol Alcoholic drinks in excessive quantity can cause ulcers, gastritis, and acid reflux. All these severely affect the digestive process. Hence, excessive alcohol or compulsive drinking is bad for digestion. • Stress Though infrequent moderate risk does not disrupt digestion, persistent and high pressure is bad for the digestive system. It significantly increases the acid secretion in the stomach. Leading to ulcers and other complications. Additionally, the digestion is severely hampered. Some Medical Conditions That Trigger Indigestion Or Poor Digestion • Peptic ulcer The stomach and the upper part of the intestine have a coating of a thick layer of the mucous membrane. Excessive secretion of digestive acid in the stomach destroys this layer. It exposes the underlying membrane. Besides, the acid eats away into this layer, and ulcers erupt. These ulcers are excruciating. Apart from inflicting pain, ulcers lead to poor digestion. • Gastritis It is the inflammation of the stomach lining. If untreated, it could lead to peptic ulcers. An inflamed stomach is bound to underperform, and the digestion takes a hit on the chin. The inflammation in itself can be because of various reasons. • Gall Stone The gall stone blocks the flow of the digestive enzymes, and this seriously affects the digestive process. The digestion of fat is severely affected because of obstructed bile. • Constipation Improper bowel movement completely disrupts the digestive system. The system gets jammed up, and hence, it cannot perform well. The digestive system is a significant functional system of the body. In this system, many components work in a synchronized manner. Generally, malfunction of any part hinders the process of digestion. A large number of enzymes and juices form an integral part of the metabolism. Any disturbance in the production or flow of these fluids also holds up the digestive process. In other words, there are lots of major and minor reasons responsible for perfect digestion. All of them in ideal synchronization ensures healthy digestion How To Handle Indigestion? There are two ways to handle indigestion according to The first one is to be proactive and careful enough and not allow this to occur. Second would be the remedial measures to be taken, once indigestion has set in. The preventive measures: • Always eat a healthy and balanced diet. Avoid too much of fat and spices. • Do not go for junk food often. • Better to reduce smoking and alcohol. • Eat-in moderate quantities. • Always eat freshly cooked food. • Drink adequate water. • Keep your body active. • Be cheerful, when having meals. • Lying down after eating should be avoided • If possible, stroll for 10 -15 minutes after meals. woman eating The remedy for indigestion: Indigestion can be mild or, at times, could be severe because of some underlying medical condition. For the mild and occasional occurrence of indigestion, these specific home remedies can be useful: 1. Peppermint tea/candy Peppermint has excellent antispasmodic properties. A cup of peppermint tea after meals helps ease the symptoms of indigestion. Also, we can eat some peppermint candies instead of drinking tea. However, people suffering from acid reflux or GERD should not use peppermint. It eases the lower valve of the esophagus. Further acid reflux is possible. 1. Chamomile tea It has a calming effect on the body. It eases the gut and reduces the digestive acid impact on the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, chamomile is an excellent anti-inflammatory. It subsides the upper abdomen pain considerably. Make a strong chamomile tea, with possibly two tea bags, and use natural honey to sweeten it. Check with your doctor to confirm if it is ok with you. 1. Apple cider vinegar Not only excess stomach acid is a problem, but minimal acid secretion in the stomach also leads to indigestion. There are situations when indigestion is because of low gastric acid. Then, you can add one or two teaspoons of apple cider vinegar to a cup of regular drinking water. Drink this about half an hour before meals. It can be had after meals or if it suits. 1. Ginger Ginger is an excellent remedy for indigestion. We can suck ginger candy or make ginger tea. Boil small pieces of ginger in water. Then, add some honey to it to make tasty and useful ginger ale. Excessive ginger intake can cause heartburn and acidity. Limit the ginger to 2 drinks per day. 1. Baking soda For the general stomach upset, baking soda is also an excellent home remedy. Add little baking soda to warm water and drink it. It reduces flatulence and feeling of general discomfort in the stomach. Some over the counter antacids and stomach pain relievers may be helpful like: • Antacids: These are suitable for acid reflux, acidity, burning in the stomach. Besides, these neutralize the acids in the stomach. • Antibiotics: An antibiotic can manage infection in the stomach. Hence, it is better to seek a doctor’s advice on this. • H2blockers: They help decrease the amount of acid produced in the stomach. • Proton Pump Inhibitors: This is very helpful in the case of indigestion with heartburn • Prokinetics: They help move the bowel faster. There could be cases of significant disorders like peptic ulcer, gall stone, and gastritis. Best is to consult a doctor. Self-medication, in such cases, can be harmful and dangerous. Lying down and sleeping after eating just after the meals is neither good for digestion, nor we get sound sleep. Better is to be awake and active for about 2 to 3 hours before sleeping. By following these steps, you are keeping your digestion perfect and healthy. Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here
Most Cats Are the Same, So Your Cat Would Probably Kill You If It Could Posted by Stacey Venzel african lion If you've ever thought your cat is plotting to kill you, you might be right. Scientists at the University of Edinburgh recently published a study that compares the personality of the domestic cat, Scottish wildcat, clouded leopard, snow leopard, and African lion. Their findings suggest house cats and big cats are more alike than previously thought. Shelter cats and zoo animals posed as the studies' subjects. Each of the cats was labeled with a scaled ranking based on certain behavioral traits. The age and sex of each animal was also documented. Cat rankings included dominance, self-control/impulse, neuroticism, agreeableness, and aggression. snow leopard Aging house cats proved to be more impulsive whereas Scottish wildcats become more agreeable and clouded leopards less agreeable with age. One aspect of the study found female African lions to be more impulsive than males. Domestic cats related closely with clouded leopards on the neuroticism scale. Whether the traits are learned or instinctual has yet to be determined, but the similarities between the domestic cat and its feline kin suggest some genetic tendencies predisposing all cats to this type of behavior. siamese cat Despite captive animals being used in the study, wild personality traits are projected to carry over as captive and wild species still historically and inherently share evolutionary traits. The study paralleled similar research done across primate species. Researchers expected to find some similarities between more closely genetically-linked species but were surprised to find such similarities across all feline species. Among differences between the felines, African lions differed slightly, presumably due to their more social nature compared with the more solitary standings of the other cats used in the study. The timing of this study falls humorously around the same time that a Reddit post was requested suggestions of animals people would like to see as big as a house cat. When one Redditer suggested a lion, another user commented that a domestic-sized lion is basically a house cat. As this study reveals, that Redditer's comment is quite on point! Do you think your cat is plotting to kill you? Tell us in the comments below! WATCH NOW: Bengal Cats Are Like Mini Leopards oembed rumble video here recommended for you
Draw an animated hypotrochoid (Spirograph curve) in C# The example Draw a hypotrochoid (Spirograph curve) in C# shows how to draw a hypotrochoid. This example animates drawing the curve so you can see how the circles trace out the curve’s path. The program uses a Timer with Interval = 100 so it draws a new frame every 100 milliseconds (or 10 times per second). The following code shows how the program prepares to draw the curve. // The angle from one circle's center to the other. private float theta = 0; private float dtheta; // Drawing parameters. private int A, B, C, wid, hgt, cx, cy; private double max_t; private List points; The program stores various drawing parameters such as the radii of the circles in class-level variables. It stores the list of points generated as it goes along the List<PointF> named points. It stores the angle it is using for parametric calculations in a variable named theta. The following code shows the Timer‘s Tick event handler. // Redraw the curve. private void tmrDraw_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) theta += dtheta; The event handler increments theta and calls the DrawCurve method shown in the following code. // Draw the curve. private void DrawCurve() Bitmap bm = new Bitmap(wid, hgt); using (Graphics gr = Graphics.FromImage(bm)) gr.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias; // Draw the outer circle. gr.DrawEllipse(Pens.Blue, cx - A, cy - A, 2 * A, 2 * A); // Draw the inner circle. int r = A - B; float cx1 = (float)(cx + r * Math.Cos(theta)); float cy1 = (float)(cy + r * Math.Sin(theta)); gr.DrawEllipse(Pens.Blue, cx1 - B, cy1 - B, 2 * B, 2 * B); // Add the next point. PointF new_point = new PointF( (float)(cx + X(theta, A, B, C)), (float)(cy + Y(theta, A, B, C))); // Draw the line. gr.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, new PointF(cx1, cy1), new_point); // Draw the points. if (points.Count > 1) gr.DrawLines(Pens.Red, points.ToArray()); picCanvas.Image = bm; if (theta > max_t) tmrDraw.Enabled = false; The DrawCurve method creates a new Bitmap. It draws the circles that determine how the curve is generated and calculates the next point on the curve. It adds a new point to the hypotrochoid. It then draws the line that traces out the path and finally draws the points. The method finishes by displaying the new Bitmap. Download the example to see additional details. Download Example Follow me on Twitter RSS feed This entry was posted in algorithms, animation, drawing, graphics, mathematics and tagged , , , , , , , , , , , . Bookmark the permalink. 1 Response to Draw an animated hypotrochoid (Spirograph curve) in C# 1. Jorge Ham says: Excelent work, thanks. Your mexican friend Leave a Reply
8 ways to attend college for free List of Gods : "Aztec" - 316 records Name ▲▼Origin ▲▼Description ▲▼ God name "Nahui Oiiin (earthquake sun)" Aztec / Mesoamerican / Mexico Creator god. According to most of the codices, at the time of the Spanish conquest there had been four previous world ages, each represented by a Sun and terminated by a cataclysm. Ollin, the fifth Sun, was created at Teotihuacan and at the conquest was just under 2,000 years old. It is presided over by the god TONATIUH. Each creation is considered to last 2028 x 52 terrestrial years and the present one is destined to be destroyed by a great earthquake. Tradition has it that Ollin was originally a sickly or humble deity named NANAHUATL (the diseased one). Also (4)Ollin; Ollintonatiuh.... God name "Nahuti Ehecatl" Aztec The god Ehecatl sacrifices all the gods, and then with a powerful wind makes the Sun begin to move. Aztec God name "Nahuti Ollin Tonatiuh" Aztec ("Movement of the Sun";) was the Sun god. The Aztec people considered him the leader of Tollan, their heaven. He was also known as the fifth Sun, because the Aztecs believed that he was the Sun that took over when the fourth Sun was expelled from the sky. Aztec God name "Nahuti Ollin/ Ollin/ Ollintonatiuh" Aztec A creator god Deities name "Nanahuati (rumor)" Aztec / Mesoamerican / Mexico Creator god. In cosmogony, when on the fifth day of creation the gods sat in judgment to elect the new Sun god, Nanahuatl and TECCIZTECATL cremated themselves in the sacred fire. The heart of Nanahuatl ascended to become the new Sun and that of Tecciztecatl became the moon. Tradition suggests that Nanahuatl is diseased and impoverished but of great courage, while Tecciztecatl is wealthy and a coward. In an alternative tradition, in which Nanahuatl is the son of QUETZALCOATL and Tecciztecatl is the son of TLALOC, both deities are hurled into the fire by their fathers. NOTE: eventually all the gods sacrificed themselves so that mankind might be engendered from their remains. Also Nanahuatzin.... God name Aztec Creator god Aztec God name Aztec God of disease Aztec God name Aztec Minor god of mat makers. Aztec Deities name "Nappatecuhtli (four-times lord)" God name Aztec Scatterer of ashes. Minor chthonic underworld god. Aztec Deities name "Nextepehua (ash-scatterer)" Aztec / Mesoamerican / Mexico Minor chthonic underworld god. One of the group of deities belonging to the MICTLANTECUHTLI complex.... God name Aztec the Sun god but then a first of the five world ages - they last for 2028 heavenly years & each heavenly year = 52 earth years God name Aztec / Mesoamerican / Mexico Creator god. The Sun deity representing the first of the five world ages, each of which lasted for 2,028 heavenly years, each heavenly year being fiftytwo terrestrial years. Assigned to the earth and presided over by TEZCATLIPOCA. According to tradition, the age was populated by a race of giants and it ended in a catalclysmic destruction caused by huge and ferocious jaguars which devoured them. Illustrated by the Stone of the Four Suns [Yale Peabody Museum]. Also Ocelotonatiuh; Yoaltonatiuh; Tlalchitonatiuh.... God name Aztec / Mesoamerican / Mexico Minor god of feasting and revelry. One of the group clåśśed as the TEZCATLIPOCA complex. Also (2)Acatl.... Deity name Aztec deity of banqueting, invitations to feasts, feasting and revelery. Aztec God name "Omacatl/ Acatl" Aztec A minor god of feasting & revelery God name Tochtli Aztec a fertility god that was slaughtered and then resurrected by Tezcatlipoca Deities name "Ome Tochtii" God name "Ome Tochtli" Aztec A god of drunkenness. He is the leader of Centzon Totchtli, the four hundred rabbit gods of drunkenness. Aztec God name Aztec A dual god, male and female, who was the creator of Cemanahuatl. Ometeotl's male aspect is Ometecutli, the female aspect is Omecihuatl. S / he dwelled in and ruled over Omeyocan, "Two Place", home of the gods. Aztec 8 ways to attend college for free 1. Grants and scholarships 2. Give service to your country 3. Work for the school 4. Waive your costs 5. Become an apprentice 6. Have your employer pick up the costs 7. Be in demand 8. Choose a school that pays you
Global Health Facts At your fingertips Mar 24 Elimination Direction Here the concept of 'counter' reflects the tendency of the species in the direction of improving its quality through the elimination of predominantly low-grade populations. And intensity of the 'struggle' is that, as a rule, the number of eliminated individuals does not exceed the number of births – the intensity, which is determined by the pre-limit deviation from the equilibrium state of the system 'view-environment'. Reducing the quantitative level of forage species is also a deviation from the equilibrium state of the system 'type of environment is', but as a rule, this deviation is evanescent, ie, In this case, the number of eliminated population exceeds the number of births. The rate of development of the dialectical systems – (rate of occurrence of any natural processes) – is determined by the degree of intensity 'struggle' of opposites of these systems. Speed evolution of any species of animals, ultimately determined by the direction of its evolution, as namely the direction of evolution determines the degree of interdependence of the warring species, the activity level of their struggle and the thus the degree of intensity of natural selection. For example, the type of victim, evolving towards perfection better fit against predators, being less intense natural selection, than the species evolving in the direction of less efficient appliances. Since in this case, it was the first type would be the main food supply for predators. And for the same reason, the evolution of predators will largely offsetting changes produced in their environment, the evolution of species-sacrifice with a less effective device. At a certain level of development form the victim with an effective and versatile device against all predator, the perfection of this device can reach a level where this form will be eliminated almost entirely to changes in populations of hereditary traits that reduce the level of sophistication of the devices.
• Join over 1.2 million students every month • Accelerate your learning by 29% • Unlimited access from just £6.99 per month Assignment 2: Catch 22, Close reading of Chapter 24 Extracts from this document... Assignment 2: Catch 22, Close reading of Chapter 24 'Catch 22' is a novel set in World War 2. The universal phrase 'Catch 22' simply means a situation whereby one is destined to lose. The passage is placed in the setting of Milo and Yossarian engaged in a conversation concerning Milo's investment, Egyptian cotton. Milo's character is symbolic of what is wrong with capitalism; he lacks morals and consideration for other people and is tremendously selfish. Earlier in the novel, Milo's sleeps in luxurious hotels whilst Yossarian and Orr sleep in the plane, which is representative of Milo's self centred characteristics, as is this passage. The passage opens with Milo persuading Yossarian to eat the 'chocolate covered cotton'. He declares that he would 'like to serve it to the men' suggestive of good intentions. However, the later account that the men have 'got to swallow it' is a contradiction and serves to illustrate more of Milo's forceful and corrupt power. ...read more. His imagination that the chestnut tree is 'the knowledge of good and evil' affords a level of sarcasm. The reader learns a lot about Yossarian's character in this passage. Yossarian removes his uniform as he despises all that it symbolises. Sitting naked in the tree could denote Yossarian as crazy, however, there is a suggestion that with his uniform on he is simply another 'poor kid' with a lost identity. Furthermore, the rarity of his Assyrian name represents his alienation, whilst also proposing the idea that he has been dehumanised by the war. In comparison, Milo patriotically wears the 'coarse olive drab uniform', with the interpretation that due to his corruption within the military service he may aspire to be unknown. However, the language Heller uses to describe the uniform suggests restriction, thus Milo's 'tie knotted tight' metaphorically signifies the restrictions that war inflicts. The contrast between Yossarian and Milo sitting in the tree is representational of their characters. ...read more. Mudd was 'killed before he even got into the squadron' due to Milo bombing the site to be rid of the Egyptian cotton. The very fact that Milo refuses to take responsibility of Mudd's death reinforces him as a greedy, selfish Lieutenant. Mudd is referred to as 'the dead man in [Yossarian's] tent', which reiterates the suggestion that the war dehumanises a person. This is a typical theme of war literature and supports the argument that capital is more imperative than life. In conclusion, this passage contains an interesting amount of themes and ideas that Heller incorporates into 'Catch 22' to create the dissimilar views and experiences of men at war; we must not assume men at war are homogeneous. Heller seems to be using humour to highlight the futility of war and the way in which it changes a man. Heller touches on events that are significant in displaying both one's character and their experiences. The passage continuously draws dissimilarities between Yossarian and Milo to create a distance of morals amid them. Word Count: 1000 1. ...read more. The above preview is unformatted text Found what you're looking for? • Start learning 29% faster today • 150,000+ documents available • Just £6.99 a month Not the one? Search for your essay title... • Join over 1.2 million students every month • Accelerate your learning by 29% • Unlimited access from just £6.99 per month See related essaysSee related essays Related University Degree Philosophy and Theology essays 1. Marx on alienation When he creates much more values, he himself becomes more nonprecious and of no significance. Because the worker's creation of more wealth means that the capitalist exploits more of his production. Every time a worker produces, he cannot get his payoff quantum sufficit according to what he creates; but rather, the capitalist gains a surplus value from this product. 2. What does the Faerie Queene, Books 1 and 2 owe to the traditions of ... He subverts the epic technique of ekphrasis by making 'Art' a negative presence: the story on the ivory gates (reminiscent of Virgil's Gate of False Dreams) is a warning and Art is pitted against nature: 'One would have thought, (so cunningly, the rude, And scorned parts were mingled with the fine,) 1. 'Consider the representations of authority in Paradise Lost and Catch 22' He and his 'host/ Of rebel angels' (B1, L37/38) 'Raised impious war in heaven' (B1, L43) which is considered a vain attempt to overpower God's authority. 'The infernal Serpent' (B1, L34) refers to Satan, once again using the image of fiendish behaviour to signify evil intentions. 2. Writings displaying 1900's women as Submissive and Pious wondered if those of which she read 'were feigned'.9 Such sentiments would be challenging expressed by anyone in a strict seventeenth century Puritan community, but particularly by a woman. From Bradstreet's poetry the reader is always aware that the poet is conscious of her position as a female writer. 1. The Jehad - the Holy War It is a negation of man's true nature and destiny. Therefore, before embarking on hostilities, Islam always sends a herald to the enemy bearing the invitation to accept Islam and make peace on the spot. 2. Remind yourself of this extract from the end of chapter 22. What importance does ... Even if he were not a devout Christian, he would still have most probably recognised the action as wrong because of the strong impression religion has on the society he lives in. This is why Palinor finds Joffre praying in front of a crucifix later in the novel. • Over 160,000 pieces of student written work • Annotated by experienced teachers • Ideas and feedback to improve your own work
Bring together meaning in hindi \| Bring together ka matlab Bring together meaning in hindi How to pronounce Bring together Usage of Bring together: 1: Action to bring together in one center 2: Action to bring together what is scattered, separated 3: Action to bring together, to bring together parties that had been divided, disunited, isolated, or result of this action 4: In terms of Philosophy, COMPARISON says an operation of the mind namely to bring together two ideas to discover their relations 5: Nothing is more calculated to bring together your presence 6: Action sails, to bring together two beings or two things alike 7: It expresses particular Those looking for, which bring together the few new items, excellent, etc Bring together ki paribhasha : ek padaarth men doosara padaarth dalana Examples Bring together synonyms acquire swell rack up add to accrue increase collect concentrate gain hoard grow expand incorporate cache profit gather procure unite agglomerate amalgamate stockpile lump heap aggregate mass store collocate pile up clean up draw together heap together load up make a bundle make a killing roll up scare up stack up store up amass summon mobilize convene meet capture huddle group muster reunite convoke call flock corral bunch hang around bunch up call together come together gang up hang out make the scene meet up attract intensify focus consolidate centralize join concenter focalize bring to a focus close on converge upon medialize cull organize edit glean compose arrange abridge recapitulate collate congregate garner marshal get together anthologize colligate heap up connect copulate wed marry conjoin hitch coalesce harness link clasp conjugate pair yoke cohabit buckle match bracket hook up blend codify comprehend involve embrace contain combine encompass establish systematize merge assimilate absorb fuse subsume have comprise take in appose bring near place in proximity set side by side restore arouse redouble resuscitate waken reform rejuvenate revive charge whet counterattack urge fire inspirit kindle awaken challenge refresh resurrect renew encourage surge call to arms come about wreak havoc bestir regroup reassemble bond together bring to order come to order conform resolve appease coordinate assuage rectify accommodate harmonize placate pacify integrate accustom mitigate intercede accord conciliate cool suit proportion arbitrate mediate settle attune regulate propitiate bring to terms bury the hatchet fix up make up patch up get together on kiss and make up make matters up patch things up re-establish reconciliate restore harmony win over bring in herd cluster drive fashion carve frame construct produce build forge mold trim sketch hew stamp pattern chisel whittle cast cut fabricate model sculpture knead mint block out streamline crystallize roughhew throw together associate cooperate band affiliate pool become one gather together hook up with join forces pull together stick together concoct create engineer erect mix Bring together antonyms disperse scatter forfeit decrease lessen dwindle squander separate lose contract shrink divide diminish spend waste dissipate distribute cancel spread take apart disjoin destroy disarrange disorder disorganize disassemble divorce disconnect unbuckle uncouple unfasten exclude misunderstand lack need disintegrate want disembody damage calm ruin dissuade regress weaken hurt bore disenchant dull kill dampen discourage halt stop incite increase refuse mix up estrange fight mismatch irritate upset agitate argue disagree confuse raze demolish dismantle deform neglect Usage of Bring together in sentences Word of the day 20th-Jan-2021 Have a question? Ask here.. Name* Email-id Comment* Enter Code:
Learn GRE Subjects by Taking GRE Exam Syllabuses A comprehensive GRE Test Syllabus will help you pass your GRE Exams easily and quickly. The exam itself consists of five sections, each consisting of a written portion, an analytical section, a verbal section, a numerical reasoning section, and a writing portion. If your study schedule is less than perfect, you may find yourself needing to take multiple examinations in order to reach the passing grade of at least C. The GRE exam begins with the analytical section, which is always first, followed by the Verbal, Quantitative, and unknown section in any order, all of which require a significant amount of reading comprehension and critical thinking. The first section, Analytical Writing section, requires you to write essays on different types of research subjects and current events. You will also need to answer questions about the essay topics. Verbal sections of the GRE examination are comprised of speaking and listening skills and have two types. The first type is an argumentative test that tests the ability to express your thoughts without spelling them out. The second type of verbal section is a listening test that measures the ability to listen to what another person is saying. Both types of verbal sections will require your written communication skills. In numerical reasoning section of the GRE test, you must solve numeric problems that are based on the topics of the previous section. The second section of numerical reasoning section requires you to prove your mathematical results, which can be achieved by using proofs or formulas. Lastly, the third and last part of the GRE examination is a verbal composition section. Here, you will need to complete written composition written on topics related to your GRE Exams, as well as one essay. To prepare for the GRE examination, there are some helpful hints that will greatly help you prepare for the examination. First and foremost, make sure that you practice the exam before taking it. Doing so will give you a good idea about the specific types of test material, test format, questions, test format, and the time limit on each section. There are also several books available online that contains detailed information about the subjects of GRE exams. By looking for these books online, you can get enough knowledge on the topics of the GRE exams in order to effectively pass your exam. Reading books will help you understand the topics better. Also, review your GRE exam Syllabuses before taking the test. There are also online resources that contain comprehensive GRE study guides to help you pass your GRE exams. You can also read online articles or blogs that will guide you on specific subjects of GRE tests, allowing you to understand more easily what you are taking. There are also online forums where other students from all over the world share their experiences about their experiences on the GRE and their tips and tricks on how to pass their GRE exams. By doing this, you will not only learn about the most popular topics, but also get valuable tips and strategies on how to pass your GRE exams. There are also websites that provide complete materials and information about GRE test, giving you a complete list of GRE subjects to practice and prepare for. By reading these materials, you can easily improve your skills on different parts of GRE exams. You can also find other websites that offer GRE preparation software that will make your GRE experience easier and more comfortable. By using this software, you will have the opportunity to practice your GRE essay writing, GRE reasoning skills, GRE vocabulary, GRE sequencing, GRE grammar, GRE verbal composition, and GRE composition and GRE critical thinking skills in the comfort of your own home. Before starting your GRE preparation, it is advisable to read more about the subject of the GRE exam, and review what you have learned from your previous study material. It is also recommended that you read and review your Syllabi for GRE Exams so that you know what to expect on your GRE exams. By reviewing your syllabus for GRE practice exams, you will be able to understand and apply what you have learned from your previous studies. By using these materials, you will also be able to improve your GRE preparation, thereby improving your skills on the GRE test. Finally, review GRE syllabus regularly in order to maintain your current knowledge about GRE and improve your skills in preparing for your GRE exams.
Author`s name Lisa Karpova Scientists fear medical research will create talking monkeys Scientists fear medical research will create talking monkeys. 44985.jpegThe Academy of Medical Sciences of Britain warns of the risks of transplanting human genetic material into animals For the report, "to create features such as language or human appearance" raises ethical questions The Academy of Medical Sciences of Britain is urging the government to lay down stricter rules for medical research involving animals. The group fears that experiments involving the transplantation of cells end up creating anomalies, like monkeys with the ability to think and talk like humans. The warning underscores the debate on the question of the limits of scientific research. One of the authors of the report, Professor Christopher Shaw, of King's College London, says such studies "are extraordinarily important." The academy also stresses that it is not opposed to experiments involving, for example, implanting cells and human tissue in animals. In current studies, for example, cancer cells are transplanted into mice in order to test new drugs against the advancement of the disease. The academy defends, however, that with the advancement of new techniques issues are emerging that urgently need to be regulated. Current scientific advances now allow the creation of mice with lesions similar to those caused by a stroke, that are then injected into human stem cells in order to correct the damage. Another study involved implantation of a human chromosome in the genome of mice with Down syndrome which was also essential to understanding that disease. Although most of the experiments are being done with mice, scientists are particularly concerned with research on monkeys. In Great Britain investigations are prohibited with great apes such as gorillas, chimpanzees and orangutans. In other countries like the United States, they are allowed. "What we fear is that if we start to introduce a large number of human brain cells into the brains of primates and suddenly with that the apes acquire some of the skills that are considered uniquely human, such as language," says Professor Thomas Baldwin, another member of the academy. "These possibilities are explored a lot in fiction, but we need to start thinking about them," he says. 'Delicate' areas The report indicates three particularly "sensitive" areas in animal research: cognitive, that of reproduction and creation of visual characteristics that would make them see themselves as human. "A basic question is whether populating the brain of an animal with human cells can result in an animal with human cognition, consciousness, for example," the report said. Professor Martin Bobrow, lead author of the report, suggests what he calls "proof of the great ape" if a monkey that received human genetic material begins to acquire capabilities similar to a chimpanzee, it's time to stop the experiments. In the area of reproduction, it is recommended that animal embryos produced from human sperm or eggs do not develop beyond a period of 14 days. The field that is the most controversial is that of animals with "uniquely human" characteristics, experiments that the report calls "Frankenstein types with humanized animals." According to the report, "to create characteristics such as language or the human appearance in animals like facial shape or texture of the skin, raises very strong ethical issues." (Ed. Note: What's so bad about talking monkeys? Might be very interesting to see what they have to say to us humans.) Translated from the Portuguese version by: Lisa Karpova
‘Flowing’ water on Mars may be sand and dust: Study Dark features earlier proposed as evidence of liquid water flowing on Mars may actually be granular flows, where sand and dust move rather than liquid water. The new findings, published in the journal Nature Geoscience, indicate that the water-restricted conditions that exist on Mars would make it difficult for Earth-like life to exist near the surface of the planet. The researchers analysed narrow, down-slope trending surface features on Mars that are darker than their surroundings, called Recurring Slope Lineae, or RSL. These features have evoked fascination and controversy since their 2011 discovery, as possible markers for unexpected liquid water or brine on an otherwise dry planet. Translate »
Skip to content Amputee – improves physical function Improves physical function Evidence summary A range of targeted physical activity interventions have demonstrated clear improvements in numerous parameters that improve overall function, particularly in those walking with a prosthesis. A systematic review of 8 studies supported the use of exercise programmes that incorporate balance exercises, muscle strengthening, supervised walking, gait training and functional exercises as they have all been shown to improve gait performance [1]. Programmes incorporating these, as well as flexibility exercises, have shown clinically meaningful improvements in walking ability, walking speed, degree of weight bearing through the prosthetic limb and less activity limitation [2-5]. In addition to programmes that incorporate a range of exercises, gait training interventions have also been shown to improve gait performance in those using a prosthetic limb. A systematic review of 13 studies, incorporating individuals that had undergone a lower limb amputation due to dysvascular disease, trauma or malignancy found that supervised gait training improves gait, is safe and improves the bioenergetic efficiency of gait [6]. These benefits have been found with both walking and using a treadmill [6,7]. Balance training may improve physical function [8], as can strengthening the hip abductor muscles [9]. Quality of evidence Strength of recommendation The physical function of lower limb amputees, and the walking performance of prosthetic users, improves with physical activity interventions. However, the evidence presented relates to targeted interventions and programmes as opposed to simply increasing physical activity levels. Exercise programmes incorporating exercises to improve muscle strengthening, balance, physical function, flexibility and, if applicable, walking available to amputees during their rehabilitation should be utilised. Lower limb amputations are performed for a number of clinical indications. Although most evidence around physical activity relates to prosthetic users and for dysvascular amputees, the benefits of physical activity are not exclusive to these groups and should be shared with all lower limb amputees. Lower limb amputees wishing to increase their physical activity levels should be encouraged to do so. 1. Wong CK, Ehrlich JE, Ersing JC, et al. Exercise programs to improve gait performance in people with lower limb amputation: A systematic review. Prosthetics and Orthotics International 2016;40(1):8-17. doi: 10.1177/0309364614546926 2. Rau B, Bonvin F, De Bie R. Short-term effect of physiotherapy rehabilitation on functional performance of lower limb amputees. Prosthetics and Orthotics International 2007;31(3):258-70. doi: 10.1080/03093640600994615 3. Godlwana LL, Stewart A, Musenge E. Mobility during the intermediate stage of rehabilitation after lower limb amputation from an under resourced community: a randomized controlled trial. Physiotherapy 2015;101:e458. doi: 10.1016/ 4. Miller CA, Williams JE, Durham KL, et al. The effect of a supervised community-based exercise program on balance, balance confidence, and gait in individuals with lower limb amputation. Prosthetics and Orthotics International 2017;41(5):446-54. doi: 10.1177/0309364616683818 5. Schafer ZA, Perry JL, Vanicek N. A personalised exercise programme for individuals with lower limb amputation reduces falls and improves gait biomechanics: A block randomised controlled trial. Gait & Posture 2018;63:282-89. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.04.030 6. Highsmith MJ, Andrews CR, Millman C, et al. Gait Training Interventions for Lower Extremity Amputees: A Systematic Literature Review. Technology and Innovation 2016;18(2-3):99-113. doi: 10.21300/18.2-3.2016.99 7. Darter BJ, Nielsen DH, Yack HJ, et al. Home-Based Treadmill Training to Improve Gait Performance in Persons With a Chronic Transfemoral Amputation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2013;94(12):2440-47. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.001 8. Matjacic Z, Burger H. Dynamic balance training during standing in people with trans-tibial amputation: a pilot study. Prosthetics and Orthotics International 2003;27(3):214-20. doi: 10.1080/03093640308726684 9. Pauley T, Devlin M, Madan-Sharma P. A Single-Blind, Cross-Over Trial of Hip Abductor Strength Training to Improve Timed Up & Go Performance in Patients With Unilateral, Transfemoral Amputation. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2014;46(3):264-70. doi: 10.2340/16501977-1270
What Is Equilibrium Price In Economics;What Does It Do The equilibrium price is the price that equals the quantity offered and the quantity demanded of an economic good on the market. The equilibrium price is a meeting point between supply and demand. On the other hand, a market characterized by a scarcity of demand and a high supply, has a very low equilibrium price. What Is Equilibrium Price In Economics;What Does It Do Market forces push the price towards its equilibrium condition. For example, when demand is higher than supply (D ‘> S’), the market price of the asset tends to increase to the equilibrium level. Price increase reduces buyer demand and incentives sellers to increase supply The process of dynamic adjustment of demanded quantity and supply ends when the market reaches equilibrium price (p e ). When the supply exceeds the demand (S ‘> D’), the market price of the asset tends to decrease to the equilibrium level. The dynamic adjustment process ends when the price reaches its equilibrium level (p e ) in which demand and supply are equal. At the price p ‘the quantity demanded of the good (q D ) is lower than the quantity offered of the same (q S ). The sellers progressively reduce the price to avoid unsold stocks. The price reduction increases the quantity demanded from q D to Q * and reduces the quantity offered by q S to Q . In point q the quantity demanded and offered is equal (market equilibrium) at the equilibrium price. Equilibrium Price And Law of Demand The law of demand says that the quantity of demand is inversely proportional to the price. If the price rises, the quantity demanded decreases. Conversely, if the price falls then the quantity demanded rises. While the law of offer says that the quantity of supply is directly proportional to the price. If the price falls, the quantity supplied is reduced. Conversely, if prices rise, the quantity offered increases. Both laws apply to the condition of ceteris paribus. That is, in addition to price, other factors are fixed / unchanged. Suppose that if the price of the goods X rises, then the quantity demanded should decrease. However, if the actual increase in quantity demanded, then this means there are other factors that affect demand. For example, this happens because in the public circulation rumors that the price will be higher, so people buy at first price increase. So, when the demand should decrease (as the price rises), what happens is actually rising. Factors other than this price will cause a shift in the demand and supply curve, which in turn will create a new equilibrium price. Leave a Comment
Disasters occur every day. The community health nurse has a significant role in preparedness, response and recovery when disaster strikes locally. Effective response to disaster demands the community health nurse to develop specific competencies. These include understanding the role, recognition of disaster-related health conditions, infection control post disaster, disease reporting, public education and stress management in the affected community. Learning Materials Clark, M. J. (2015). Population and community health nursing (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Chapter 25 Disaster Management and the Role of the Community Health Nurse Create a power point with the intended audience to be a community health department. Focus on a real or fictional disaster that has or could affect your area. For example, if you live on the Florida coast you might choose potential hurricane. Discuss the role of the Community Health Nurse in each stage of disaster. You should include a few slides on each stage of disaster: preparedness, response, recovery with specific activities and resources that the public health nurse would use in each stage. Identify other agencies that might be involved. The assignment should be submitted in Power Point format, with at least 10 content slides (in addition to a title slide and reference slide) and include at least two scholarly sources other than provided materials. Use the following coupon Order Now For order inquiries 1-800-700-6200 Chat with us on WhatsApp
Stone axe Celts were tools employed in cutting trees and working wood. They exist in a great variety of forms. Probably each aboriginal male adult manufactured his own axe. The shape of the axe was related to the ethnic group and to its use in daily life, in war or in religious ceremonies.
Lesson Details • Name: A day in the life of a Buddhist Monk • Code: RE.3.7.IRS.07 • Specification Reference: N/A • Keywords: Mandala • Objectives: 1. To define what a Monk is 2. To understand the role of a Buddhist Monk 3. To understand the importance of the role of Buddhist monk • Competency: To define what the term Monk means • Proficiency: To explain the daily life of a Buddhist monk • Mastery: To reflect on the daily life of a Buddhist monk Lesson Preview Loading lesson thumbs... Uteach Lessons Logo North Caldeen Rd, Coatbridge, ML5 4EF, Scotland, UK +44 (0) 1236 442380
The post sharing ideas on one of the debatable questions on the crossroads of design and development: do interface designers need to know how to code? The question if UI/UX designers should know how to code is one of the “eternal” discussions in the design sphere. The more diverse UX design becomes in its evolution, the more opinions arise. We would like to share our ideas with readers as well. What is the difference between UI/UX designer and programmer? UI and UX design present different aspects of creative flow for digital products. Basically, UI design aims at creating an effective and attractive user interface while UX design aims at providing a positive user experience. Interaction with a product via the user interface is a part of user experience, so UX design as a creative field is broader and includes UI design as its integral part. Work on information architecture for a website UX Working on the UX and UI for a digital product such as a website or mobile app, designers have to concentrate on such core aspects as: — usability (the product is convenient, clear, logical and easy to use) — utility (the product provides useful content and solves users’ problems) — accessibility (the product is convenient for different categories of users) UI design of some screens for Home Budget App Programmers or developers are people who actually build the website or mobile application planned and designed by UI/UX designers. They breathe life into the plan, with the code they create the live product which users can actually apply to solve their problems and satisfy wishes. Programmers transform the structure and visual performance thought out and created by designers into the real interface. How interfaces look from the programmer’s point of view Therefore, to see the difference, we can apply the metaphor of an actual construction site: – UX designers are architects who come up with the general concept, its structure and the flow of interactions as well as a variety of factors which influence positive or negative user experience (in case of real building it could include transportation, quality of air, availability of shops and entertaining points, educations and sport facilities, neighbors etc.). – UI designers are architectural visualizers who find the best solutions for visual performance of the object corresponding to the style, the environment, user’s expectations and aesthetic needs based on the already agreed architecture, structure and core factors of interaction. – Programmers are actual builders who create the final object in reality. As well as on the building site, they have various specializations: some are good in creating the foundation, others know how to realize visual features made by designers, and some of them work out effective interaction with this object in particular environments and for new requirements which can arise later. Do UI/UX designers need to know computer science and programming to create top-quality user-friendly designs? This is the question in which the terms should be clearly defined. Computer science in its traditional understanding is the broad comprehensive study including theory and practices for making and using the computers (now it can also go further to other kinds of digital devices and gadgets). It is often characterized as the scientific and practical approach to computation as well as study, exploration, and automation of diverse operations with data. Therefore, the person with a major in computer studies is usually a specialist in the theory of computation and design of this sort of systems and hardware. In this perspective, yes, knowledge of computer studies is a great basis for creating problem-solving and user-friendly interfaces. UI/UX designers are professionals dealing with much more than just the looks of a website or an app: they think over the logic, transitions, usability, accessibility, emotional and aesthetic appeal, data presentation and lots of other things forming the whole user experience. Whatever is the way to get this knowledge – higher education, courses, apprenticeship, self-education etc. – it underlies the necessary basis of knowledge which allows a designer to understand human-computer interaction for appropriate and effective design solutions. I personally find the knowledge of computer science important factor of being a competent designer of modern user interfaces. As for programming, the situation is different. There are, basically, two camps of extreme positions. One side claims that programming/coding is the absolutely vital thing to know and you cannot provide really efficient UI/UX without knowing how to code. The other side believes that the knowledge of programming kills the creativity in design as in this case designer is limited with the rules, standards, and restrictions of development. Both positions are supported by numerous articles and discussions and both somehow make sense if you think about the issue in the perspective of real design projects. On the basis of our team experience, it’s easy to state confidently: you definitely CAN be a competent and successful UI/UX designer for mobile and web with no background or major in programming. Basically, the task of UI/UX designer is to analyze the target audienceand their needs, to research, to create an efficient layout and well thought-out system of transitions, to wrap it in an attractive but highly usable and clear visual design and to test the solutions. UI/UX designer is not a developer: they work on the same product but from different sides, as well as for example a writer, an editor and a publisher work differently on the same book. However, it is obviously pleasant for developers if a UI/UX designer is able to produce designs which consider at least the basic limitations and points of programming and coding. You can find a great bunch of successful experts in the app and web design who have never had anything in common with the sphere of coding and development and provided great design solutions with a very high level of usability. Nevertheless, in the case of high-level specialists, it’s impossible to say that they are totally out of the issue. Designers, who are keen to create viable product designs, usually tend to get acknowledged with the general understanding of development basics. That really supports the designer in providing effective design as possible, considering all the stages of its creation and implementation. However, it doesn’t mean that without this sort of knowledge it’s impossible to create good designs. Moreover, if designers work in a team with developers, they can create designs without knowing how to code even easier as they are supported by developers who control the process in the perspective of coding. The happy medium should be found in this issue without any extreme positions. If designers tear themselves too far away from development reality, they risk losing viability of their designs and could end up having a great deal of amazing and terrific concepts none of which will be implemented in real products. On the other hand, if designers concentrate too much on the limitations of coding, they risk becoming unable to think out of the box and provide original design ideas. Keeping a wise balance provides harmony. So, to sum up, a person can become a successful UI/UX designer not knowing programming and development; however, this kind of knowledge can be supportive if used wisely. Previous article7 UX principles by a Service Designer Next articleSo what is it with UX, CX, EX and Service Design?
bad company bats primary image What are wildlife protection laws surrounding wildlife removal? In Ontario, several laws protect wildlife and dictate how we can remove them. At many levels, the municipalities take responsibility for dictating human-wildlife encounters that could create conflict situations on municipal property. They also decide when action on private property can be taken with the permission of the landowner. Here’s how these laws impact our work! Rules Surrounding The Removal Of Wildlife Protection Laws photo 1481581604743 656bc9c308cbIf you live-capture an animal, the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) says you must release it within 24 hours. If it is sick, injured, or immature, you must turn it over to a veterinarian or an authorized wildlife custodian, or humanely euthanize it. The better, safer option is to hire or ask someone with authorization from the MNR to deal with nuisance animals on your land. This is especially true if you’re in an area where the wildlife is at a “high risk” for rabies. You have to take injured or sick animals, as well as orphaned rabies-carrier species (e.g. raccoons, skunks, foxes), to a wildlife rehabilitator who has Ministry authorization to handle them. The Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act let these jurisdictions protect their property by dealing with a variety of wildlife species through their government agencies or hiring an agent to do so on their behalf. Local Hamilton Laws Surrounding Wildlife Removal photo 1520541868116 c0480187f063 In the City of Hamilton, we have several laws related to how the public interacts with our urban wildlife. The Feeding Wildlife by-law, for instance, does not allow the public to feed wildlife. People who feed wild animals do so with good intentions, but it could result in negative encounters for both humans and wildlife. If you choose to feed a wild animal, you could face a fine of up to $10,000 for a first offence! In most areas, the City tells the public to follow Provincial guidelines. Sick, injured, or orphaned wildlife need special care, and you cannot keep wildlife in captivity without approval from the MNR. However, you can keep a wild animal for up to 24 hours to have it handled by a removal specialist or veterinarian. Some animals have special protection under the law. There are many mammals in Ontario that you can’t hunt, trap, or kill! How The Law Protects Certain Mammals badcompany bats body imageThe Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act protect several common intruders. The Province classifies these as Specially Protected Mammals, and any animal with this distinction has characteristics that make it sensitive to human activities or natural events. For example, take bats. There are eight species of bat in Ontario – the Big Brown Bat, the Eastern Pipistrelle Bat, Hoary Bat, Least (Small-footed) Bat, Little Brown Bat, Northern Long-eared Bat, Red Bat, and the Silver-haired Bat. Every one of them is on the Specially Protected Mammals list! This is because they are susceptible to a fungal infection called “white-nose syndrome”; this makes bats sick by rapidly consuming their stores of fat, essentially causing them to starve to death. The fungus can go through bat colonies very quickly; now, the Little Brown Bat, the species you’ll most likely find in your attic, is classified as Endangered. The problem is, while humans aren’t affected by it, we can spread white-nose syndrome! This is why, for most of the urban wildlife in Ontario, it’s best to let trained professionals handle removal from your property. Not only does careful handling protect you – it protects the mammals who live around us! Please follow and like us: Scroll to Top
The Principle of the Riveting Machine - Anhui Blackma Heavy Industrial Machinery Co., LTD. The Principle of the Riveting Machine The riveting machine is easy to use, efficient and easy to operate. It is widely accepted by manufacturers and customers. According to the structure type, the riveting machine can be divided into many kinds, there are types like slippery rail type and turntable type. But the principle of the riveting machine is different from the same. All of the riveting machines can be set by setting the workpiece to the riveting area, and then the riveting process is completed by the riveting machine. The working principle of the riveting machine can be regarded as the result of the displacement of any workpiece in three directions. The X and Y axis controls left and right, and the Z-axis is controlled up and down. Thus, a basic numerical control structure is determined. The numerical control riveting machine usually has a zero point, also known as the base point, based on the point. We need to number and coordinate all the points that need riveting. This process is necessary, and the coordinate and height need to be input to the data entry page of the equipment, thus let the machine know how to riveting those Points, where and where these points are. After the input of these coordinates, the program of the CNC riveting machine can be operated. The servo mechanism of the machine will drive the workpiece to the first point of our input under the control of the program. In this position, the riveting work should be just under the axis of the rivet head, and the Z value of the coordinate is also the height value. Calculate and determine the feed amount of riveting. After all, preparations are ready, the equipment can start riveting. Riveting Machine Related News
April 24, 1998 The research was published late last year in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology, and it has been funded by grants from the Georgia College Sea Grant Program and the National Science Foundation. Moran has collaborated with postdoctoral associate Dr. JosÅ½ Gonz‡lez on the research. Scientists agree that coastal bacteria play a substantial role in biogeochemical processes and that these bacteria could one day be important in business and industry as well as in maintaining the health of near-shore ecosystems. A number of problems, however, have kept the composition of bacterial communities largely unknown. Researchers have been reluctant to dive into the vast array of marine bacteria because they are devilishly hard to culture in laboratories. And even the ones that have been grown often are unrelated to the bacteria that are ecologically important in marine ecosystems, making scientific connections and inferences difficult. That has all changed in the past few years with the advent of new techniques to identify bacteria at the level of their basic building blocks. Using specific gene sequences as targets for identification, scientists can recognize and identify bacteria without the need to culture them first. "The target for our work is called the 16S ribosomal RNA gene," said Moran, "and it's a good gene to focus on because all living things need ribosomes to make proteins." It's all about what happens inside the cell. Ribosomes are small cellular components where protein synthesis takes place, and they are composed of specialized ribosomal RNA (which is abbreviated rRNA) molecules. The genes coding for rRNA are an essential component of the genetic material of all prokaryotes (cellular organisms such as bacteria that lack a limiting membrane), but they vary enough to give each species a unique name tag. Moran and Gonz‡lez found preliminary evidence that a cluster of marine bacteria may be particularly important in coastal seawater of the southeastern U. S. and then used the key rRna gene to quantify just how abundant they may be. In work that is drawing considerable interest from marine scientists worldwide, they designed a "probe," a molecule that is labeled in some way - usually with radioactivity or fluorescence - to seek out the 16S rRNA gene of marine alpha bacteria in seawater. The probe looks for similar sequences of base pairs (the chemical building blocks of the double-stranded DNA) and marks them by hybridizing to them. Using this process, the marine scientists were able to discover, to their surprise, that up to 30 percent of the bacterial genes present at a number of locations off coastal Georgia over a three-year period were from members of the marine alpha group of bacteria. The presence of the marine alpha bacteria dropped off in the fresh-water areas of estuaries, such as where the Altamaha River empties, indicating they are exclusively marine and specialized for the salty water found along the Georgia coast. Moran really needed more proof that the probe was correctly targeting marine alpha bacteria, however. So she and Gonz‡lez used a technique called polymerase chair reaction (PCR) to greatly amplify the genetic sequences of the 16S rRNA genes for study, while at the same time successfully culturing the bacteria in low-nutrient seawater agar medium. "In addition to providing further evidence for the abundance of marine alpha bacteria in coastal seawater of the southeastern United States, successful culturing of bacteria from this group furnishes organisms for studies of the physiology and ecology of this important cluster," said Moran. Now that it's clear that marine alpha bacteria are abundant in near-shore marine systems, the question remains: What role do they play? As it turns out, these bacteria could have an important future place in industry, since at least one described for the first time and named by Gonz‡les and Moran (Sagittula stellata) can break down lignin, the polymer that acts as a natural binder and support for cellulose fibers of woody plants. The potential use of such bacteria in the pulp and paper industry is obvious. And lignin and related compounds also have many natural sources in coastal waters. Also, there is evidence that some of the bacteria may be involved in sulfur cycling - an important natural process that is also used in business and industry. Much more remains to be known before these marine bacteria can be used by humankind, however. Indeed, scientists are still trying to completely understand the role of these bacteria in the seas. These are only two aspects of the expanding research, and Moran has just received a three-year, $273,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to discover more. University of Georgia Related Bacteria Articles from Brightsurf: Siblings can also differ from one another in bacteria How bacteria fertilize soya Bacteria might help other bacteria to tolerate antibiotics better Two-faced bacteria Microcensus in bacteria Right beneath the skin we all have the same bacteria Bacteria must be 'stressed out' to divide How bees live with bacteria The bacteria building your baby Hopping bacteria
Twenty-first depression forms in eastern Pacific Ocean November 18, 2015 NOAA's GOES-West satellite provided images of the birth of the latest tropical depression in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Tropical Depression 21E formed well southwest of the Coast of Mexico. On Nov. 18 at 1500 UTC (10:00 a.m. EST), the NOAA's GOES-West satellite saw the Tropical Depression 21E form well southwest of the western Mexican coast. The storm appeared rounded in GOES imagery, but the storm was being affected by wind shear. Forecaster Kimberlain at the National Hurricane Center said "These data and first-light visible satellite imagery also indicate that the center of the cyclone is near the southeastern edge of large mass of cold-topped convection, suggesting the presence of some southeasterly [vertical wind] shear." At 11 a.m. EST (1600 UTC), the center of Tropical Depression Twenty-One-E was located near latitude 13.0 north, longitude 107.2 west. That puts the center about 455 miles (735 km) south-southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico. The estimated minimum central pressure is 1005 millibars. The depression was moving toward the north near 2 mph (4 kph), and this general motion is expected to continue today. A turn toward the north-northwest and then northwest is expected Thursday and Friday with an increase in forward speed. Maximum sustained winds are near 35 mph (55 km/h) with higher gusts. Some strengthening is forecast during the next 48 hours, and the depression is expected to become a tropical storm tonight or Thursday, Nov. 19. The National Hurricane Center forecast track turns the storm away from the coast, toward the west-northwest. For updated forecasts, visit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Related Depression Articles from Brightsurf: Depression and use of marijuana among US adults Maternal depression increases odds of depression in offspring, study shows A biological mechanism for depression Depression in adults who are overweight or obese Why stress doesn't always cause depression Which comes first: Smartphone dependency or depression? Depression breakthrough CPAP provides relief from depression
Algebra 1: Common Core (15th Edition) Published by Prentice Hall ISBN 10: 0133281140 ISBN 13: 978-0-13328-114-9 The 5th number is 99 Work Step by Step The mean is 91 and the values are:9 9, 86, 76 and 95.You have to find the fifth value. Using the mean formula, you find x: $\frac{99+ 86+ 76+ 95+ x}{5}$=91 -Multiply both sides by 5 to isolate x- 99+86+76+95+x=455 -simplify- 356+x=455 -subtract 356 from both sides to solve for x- x=99 Check your work: $\frac{99+ 86+ 76+ 95+ 99}{5}$=$\frac{455}{5}$=99. So the missing value is 99. Update this answer! Update this answer
Binder and finisher What they do Binders and finishers are responsible for assembling the different parts of books, magazines and other printed products. They assemble the pages as they are printed, trimming them down to the necessary size. Once the pages have been correctly assembled and trimmed, they attach a cover, either by machine or by hand using glue, or by sewing the pages and covers together. Specialisations include: Mailhouse operator, Paper guillotine operator (bookbinding) Working conditions Most binders and finishers work in specialist printing firms, which can be found throughout the metropolitan region and in larger regional centres. Tools and technologies Binders and finishers generally use a range of specialised printing and binding machines, which can be potentially dangerous. However, some binders may work by hand, particularly those repairing the bindings of old or damaged books. Whether working by hand or machine, the type of work being carried out is very similar - pages are trimmed using guillotines, then glued or stitched to covers. How do I become one? Education and training To become a binder and finisher, you usually need to undertake an apprenticeship in binding and finishing. The apprenticeship usually takes 36 months to complete. Learn more about your study options. Apprenticeships and traineeships Required registration and licensing You may also be interested in
How To: Make a Frabjous, a 3D Sculpture Puzzle created at: 08/20/2010 There’s no magic behind the frabjous, just math. But oh, what beautiful math it is! Our friend Alexa at Readymade highlights this cool tutorial for making your own. “Ready to do a little math in the name of sculpture? Of course you are! Thanks to Stony Brook professor George W. Hart, you just need some card stock (or cardboard), hot glue, and enough time to cut out 30 shapes based on his elongated “S” template for Frabjous (shown above). Check out the step-by-step guide (and get help with the math part) at Evil Mad Scientist Laboratories.” Pop quiz: From where does the word frabjous come? Thanks, Alexa!

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