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Question: How often should I eat fried? While it’s no surprise that fries aren’t the healthiest option, a new American Journal of Clinical Nutrition study suggests that eating the side dish just twice a week is enough to increase your risk of death. Is it OK to eat fried foods once a week? Is it OK to eat fried food everyday? Consuming foods fried in unstable or unhealthy oils can have several negative health effects. In fact, eating them regularly can put you at a higher risk of developing diseases like diabetes, heart disease and obesity. Therefore, it’s probably best to avoid or severely limit your intake of commercially fried foods. IT IS INTERESTING: How long does frozen pasta take to cook? Is it OK to eat fried food occasionally? How much is too much fried food? Scientists also found that every additional serving of 114 gms fried food weekly can increase the risk of major cardiovascular events by 3%, coronary heart disease by 2% and heart failure by 12%. What are the 10 most unhealthy foods? The Top 10 Worst Foods To Eat • Cheesy fries. … • Fried desserts. … • Cereals. … • Pork scratchings (pork rind or crackle) … • Fizzy drinks. … • Processed meats. … • Frozen meals. … • Chicken nuggets. What fried food is healthy? You can use any root vegetables but the most popular are potato, parsnip, pumpkin, and onion. When cut into matchsticks, sprinkled with batter mix, and deep fried in high-quality oil, they give a deliciously crunchy and healthy snack. Fried chickpeas are incredibly fast and simple to make. Is homemade deep fried food bad? Eating fried food may not be bad for the heart, as long as you use olive or sunflower oil to make it, experts say. They found no heightened risk of heart disease or premature death linked to food that had been cooked in this way. What are side effects of fried foods? Eating fried foods increased the risk of heart disease, stroke, heart failure and premature death. Most of us know that a diet rich in fried foods is bad for us. IT IS INTERESTING: Can you use a portable grill as a fire pit? How bad is fried chicken for your diet? Although chicken can certainly fit into a healthy diet, some types are loaded with extra calories, fat, or sodium. Here are a few types of chicken that you should limit or avoid: Fried chicken. Because it’s typically deep-fried and breaded, fried chicken is usually high in calories, carbs, and unhealthy fats ( 11 ). Is a stir fry healthy? Stir-frying is a fast way to cook small pieces of food in a hot pan or wok. … In addition to being quick and easy, stir-frying is also healthy. It results in tender-crisp vegetables that retain more nutrients than if they were boiled. And since stir-frying requires only a small amount of oil, the fat content is low. Is it bad to double fry? “The double fry thing works for other food, too,” says Kenji Lopez-Alt, a food columnist at Serious Eats and author of The Food Lab: Better Home Cooking Through Science. … On that second fry, these straightened, simple pathways make it easier for water to escape, giving you a drier, crisper fry. Why are French fries unhealthy? French fries have a lot of fat and salt that could raise the risk of cardiovascular disease. During the years of this study, trans fat (a particularly unhealthy type of fat) had not yet been banned from the US market. Is greasy food good for you? Greasy foods like fries, chips, pizza, and doughnuts are high in calories and unhealthy fats. A high intake of these foods can lead to weight gain, obesity, heart disease, diabetes, bloating, diarrhea, acne, and impaired brain function. IT IS INTERESTING: How do I get motivated to cook? What happens to your body when you stop eating fried food? A 2018 study published in Appetite science journal suggests quitting junk food can cause withdrawal symptoms similar to those experienced when quitting tobacco or addictive substances. You may suffer increased irritability and fatigue, as well as headaches for those giving up sugar and/or caffeine. Is fried food bad for heart? Regularly eating fried foods is associated with a higher risk of developing heart problems. Fried foods are high in saturated fat and trans fat, so they promote plaque buildup in arteries that can put you at risk for coronary artery disease, heart failure, heart attack, and stroke.
Reading Time: 12 minutes In the Vedic system, the eternal spiritual principles are often contextualized according to time, place, situation, and the people involved to assist their realization. This contextualization is often mischaracterized as pragmatism where the potential for successes (measured by the number of people who start following such contextualized principles) seems to naturally justify the adaptation of eternal principles. This post discusses the differences between contextualization and pragmatism and refutes their equivalence. Greek Philosophy Prelude To understand pragmatism, we have to begin in Greek times where, starting with Socrates, there was an attempt to define the meaning of words such as truth, goodness, beauty, etc. Socrates would challenge younger people to articulate their ideas of truth, good, right, beauty, etc. and as they presented their definitions, he would oppugn them through counterexamples showing why their ideas would not work in all situations, circumstances, or contexts. Over time, through numerous such debates, Socrates became convinced that there was no universal definition of truth, beauty, good, right, etc. because every definition had some problem. His life comprehensively indicted universalism: He started out by saying “an unexamined life is not worth living” and he died by saying “if there is one thing I know for sure, it is that I know nothing”. What did he mean by “know nothing”? Surely, he knew far more than most of his contemporaries. He meant that he could not give a universal definition to any word. All his attempts at examination had failed. His successor, Plato then formulated the idea that perfect definitions of truth, right, and good applied to “another world”, which came to be known as the Platonic world. Those ideals were imperfectly reflected in this world, so whatever we called beauty or justice or truth involved the innate understanding of the other world, and by comparing this inner world to the outer world we could say whether something was relatively truer, better, righteous, beautiful, etc. This was a remarkable shift because it required us to grasp the “other world” in order to speak of the “present world”. But there were problems. How is the other world reflected in the present world? Moreover, if we allow everyone to define their ideals by introspection, then everyone could insist that their idea is the ideal. To address these problems, Aristotle created a philosophy called hylomorphism, where ‘hyle’ means substance and morph means a ‘form’, and the world we see is a combination of forms and substances. There were four substances—Earth, Water, Fire, and Air—while there were innumerable forms. But Aristotle’s forms are not to be confused with Platonic forms; in Aristotle’s philosophy, “form” simply means geometrical shape—square, triangle, circle, etc. Roman Modifications to Greek Ideas Aristotle drew a distinction between ‘truth’, which involved worldly facts that could be measured, while other things like good, beauty, justice, etc., were “practical matters”. The basic principle of such practical matters was happiness, to be achieved through democratic processes. That essentially means that if we don’t agree on the definition of beauty, then philosophy cannot help us. We will just vote to decide what we mean by “beauty”. Democracy was already prevalent in Greek city-states, even at the time of Socrates. While Socrates was trying to convert people’s personal opinions into a solid philosophical foundation for goodness, beauty, justice, righteousness, etc. through debate and discussion, and Plato said that these are other-worldly ideas that had to be grasped intuitively, Aristotle left it to democracy. Roman emperors were not too thrilled about democracy. What will happen to our power, if we allow people’s choices to unseat our choices? However, they also had to contend with the Greek legacy, which meant that (a) we cannot find the universal good, beauty, justice, etc. by discussion and debate, and (b) we cannot allow people to intuit these things in the other world mentally. So, they charted a path in which Aristotle’s ideas about form and substance were accepted while his democratic approach to all “practical matters” was rejected. The other-worldly ideas like good, justice, beauty, righteousness, now had to come through a scripture—given by God—and for that they needed one religion, with one God, one book, one messiah, one revelation, and one emperor to enforce its principles, completely ending democracy. Now, there was objective truth pertaining to substance and form, and then there were all these other ideas such a good, beauty, justice, and righteousness, which had to be understood through scripture. If there was any confusion regarding what these things meant, then the emperor will decide it for you. In the medieval ages, a new genre of philosophy emerged stating that God’s idea of good, beauty, right, and justice must also be rational. So, they set about doing something similar to what Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were doing, although in the domain that had been overtaken by the scripture. Modern Modifications of Roman Ideas The modern era decidedly went against Roman ideologies, and for the most part, back to Greek times in terms of political thinking. It reinstated the belief that all “practical matters” had to be decided by a democratic process, rejecting the role of the emperors. Even when Protestants accepted the scripture as the sole definition of good, right, justice, etc. they did not like Roman emperors or even Catholic priests. So, they “privatized” religion as one’s belief, agreeing with “practical matters” to be decided by democracy. Thereby, some people would vote based on scriptural ideals, and others in whatever way they thought was the best way to attain happiness. The starkest difference with Greek times was the rejection of the distinction between substance and form. In Cartesian philosophy, there is a substance but it is just form because matter is defined as res extensa, which has only one property—length—studied by geometry. All ideas about earth, water, fire, and air from Greek times (carried forward by the Romans) were rejected. However, soon new problems about the modern study of the world emerged. First, when we reject substances, we must substitute them with physical properties like pressure and temperature. How do we define pressure and temperature? Does that require a Socratic debate? Or an intuition into a Platonic world? And the answer was: Let’s not define it; let’s just measure it. We can pick an arbitrary standard to measure, and that standard defines the meaning of “pressure”. That allowed people to define arbitrary properties using an arbitrarily chosen measuring instrument. You could come with any instrument and call it anything you like, as that would be a new property. Second, a debate soon arose: We are creating all these arbitrary properties called by arbitrary names in science, so how do we know that science is even about the truth or reality? Isn’t it just our creation, such that we are inventing the nature of the truth rather than discovering it? And the answer was: What is truth after all? Anything that works—i.e., gives us material success—is the only definition of truth. In practical terms, it entailed the freedom to create technological products, to be used for economic transactions, by which we get many enjoyable things, resulting in the happiness that we want. This idea is called Pragmatism. It is the final nail in the coffin of whatever could be called “truth”—two millennia after Aristotle had rejected universal notions of good, justice, beauty, etc. In fact, Pragmatism could also be applied to good, justice, beauty, etc. It is whatever works, which means that if you can invent a new idea of beauty, transform your idea into a successful business, then there is no need to worry about what true beauty actually means. Pragmatism rejects all essences—truth, beauty, justice, righteousness, goodness, and even knowledge. A scientific theory is just a model that works to help us build useful technologies for the time being. But don’t call it “truth” and don’t confuse it with “knowledge of reality”. We can change the model tomorrow if there is consensus among many people. Then, we will pragmatically use that model until the time a new consensus emerges. Contrasts to Contextualization Now, let us contrast these ideas to contextualization, where we never reject the existence of pure essences. Rather, we accept that there is ideal truth, beauty, knowledge, justice, righteousness, happiness, goodness, etc. However, in a given situation, that ideal may not be achievable. So, we try to approach that ideal to the extent possible, and while the result may not be ideal, it is still perfect for that situation. Thereby, a subtle distinction between the ideal and the perfect is created. The ideal is universal, and when we reach the upper limit to attaining that ideal in a given context or situation, it is perfect. Let’s take an example. Suppose you are walking on a street and you meet a hungry man, who asks you for $20. You, however, only have $10 in your pocket, and your hunger is completely satiated. You also have more money than you need elsewhere, so you can easily part with what you have in your pocket. In this case, giving $20 is the ideal action; however, even the act of giving $10 is perfect. Just because you could not meet the ideal doesn’t mean that it is not perfect, because it is all that was feasible within the limits of the time, place, and circumstances. If at a later time something better is feasible, then attaining that limit of feasibility at that time is perfection. If instead, you choose to give only $5, then not only is it not ideal, it is also not perfect. Thereby, there can be millions of perfect actions that are not ideal. A contrast between perfect and ideal is presented in the Vedānta Sūtra when it permits the killing of animals when one’s life is in danger. Such killing is not ideal, but it is perfect. Likewise, wars can be waged in order to protect oneself, or a “greater good”. Even though that war is not ideal, it is perfect. Many people have to be punished in society to uphold a moral standard. Even though such punishment is not ideal, it is perfect. We can go on like this. The difference between contextualization of the ideal and the pragmatic rejection of all ideals is stark. In the former case, we are aspiring to attain the ideal, but we are constrained by time, place, situation, ability, and opportunity. In that case, we make a compromise, to attain the best possible scenario within the constraints. In the latter case, we are not even trying to attain the best possible scenario; instead, we have completely rejected the existence of the ideal, and we are just seeking our happiness. Notably, while trying to attain the best possible scenario, many things have to be sacrificed, including our happiness. But we make those sacrifices in order to attain the greatest possible ideal. Under the pragmatic approach, we minimize sacrifices, pain, suffering, etc., and choose the easiest path. Why Pragmatism is a Really Bad Idea Pragmatism has its roots in two millennia of failed attempts to find universal truth, right, good, beauty, justice, etc. because there is no Universal Truth—i.e., something that is true in all places, times, circumstances, for all individuals in those contexts. There are however universally applicable ideals. Although they may not be contextually realizable, we should still aspire to reach them. Then, there is an Absolute Truth, which is the combination of both good and bad, truth and deceit, morality and immorality. That Absolute Truth reveals itself in various ways depending on our attitudes, which then creates a world that often seems immoral, deceitful, and bad. That deceitful, immoral, and bad world is not ideal and yet it is perfect—as we have done things due to which we deserve such deceit, ugliness, suffering, and delusion. Now, if we want to get out of such a world, we have to act perfectly even in a bad situation. That will gradually elevate us to a better situation, whereby, we can seek the most perfect thing possible to obtain something more ideal. By practicing perfection, we gradually get to the pure ideal. Until then, even non-ideal things are perfect, because they are the best possible things. Pragmatism overturns that quest for perfection and idealism on its head and says: There is no such thing as perfection or ideals. Pragmatism is that disgraceful ideology that is defined by its opposition to the quest for ideals and perfection because the search for these things failed in Western thinking. Pragmatic successes arrive due to the results of previous karma. If we have done good deeds, then we will also be successful for the time being even if we perform misdeeds right now. Likewise, if we have done bad deeds, we will fail for the time being even if we do the perfect thing. So, success and failure do not imply truth, beauty, justice, goodness, righteousness, etc. They are still related in the sense that if we practice perfection, then over time we will reach the ideal. Until then, we must aspire for the best possible thing. The Nature of Spiritual Contextualization Many people today mistake the freedom to contextualize the ideal as the freedom to do whatever they think would be successful in a given situation, contrary to the basic principle that “truth can always work, but what works is not always true”. Spiritual contextualization is instead meant to find the most perfect thing in a given situation. Successes or failures have little to do with that, which means that we should do the most perfect thing even if there is no success. In short, if by doing the perfect thing, nobody accepts spiritual knowledge, then we should keep doing the perfect thing, rather than change the perfect thing to do the imperfect thing just because it is successful. Never trade off perfection for success, but find the best possible perfection. The general principle is that if someone follows this perfection, then over time, success will also follow. That time may be long or short; it might happen in our lifetimes or it may not happen for centuries. And yet, by following that perfect path, we will become perfect, even if others are not accepting our path. The focus is therefore not on the external successes, the number of followers, prestige, fame, prosperity, popularity, acceptance by the broader society, etc. Focus is always on practicing perfection, because by such practice can we perfect ourselves, regardless of whether we are externally successful. Contextualization vs. Pragmatism Example A good example of the dilemma between success and perfection is seen in the scientific presentation of Vedic knowledge. This science requires the rejection of modern scientific theories, the ideas of space, time, matter, and causality, the notion of quantities and arithmetic, and finally, the use of conventional either-or logic to embrace simultaneous oneness and difference. If we can reject all these things, to embrace a worldview of qualities, that would be ideal, and since we can do that, therefore, such perfection is possible, and hence it is the most perfect thing to be done. In some cases, we might present these principles within the context of atomic theory, modern cosmology, economic and sociological theories, the nature of the mind, intellect, or computing theory, because people may not read Vedic scriptures directly. That is certainly not ideal, and yet, it is perfect. Ideally, people could try to understand oneness and difference through the descriptions of the relation between the soul and God, between matter and God, etc. But since they will not, therefore, oneness and difference can also be presented through “quantum entanglement”, because that is the most perfect thing possible at the present. By that, we have contextualized the ideal through a mundane subject, and while it is not ideal, it is perfect. Conversely, rejecting logic, arithmetic, and quantitative models of science is not just perfect but also ideal. And yet, we can say with near certainty, that such a path is not going to be successful in the near term. Pragmatic success demands that we be polite to the falsities in modern science, and try to incrementally add some ideas without changing the basic structure of science. A good example of such incremental additions is the “Intelligent Design Argument” which tries to introduce God into science, without rejecting either-or logic, use of quantities, or the theories of space, time, and matter. This false idea is highly likely to succeed in the short run, and yet, it is neither ideal nor perfect, because God did not set precise values for Planck’s constant, Boltzmann’s constant, Gravitational constant, etc., and to say that He did so, is to ratify the speculative theories and their concocted constants as God’s activities. The Intelligent Design Argument is a classic example of “all that is successful is not necessarily true”. The Non-Linearity of Value At this juncture, many people will say: Something is better than nothing. So, even if the Intelligent Design Argument is not true, it is better than no argument. Yes, it is better. But ask yourself: How much better? Will you pay half price for half a chair? Or, will you say that since it is only half a chair, it is not worth more than firewood and we can stop using the word “chair”? If you have been to a Factory Outlet, you will find products that are nearly identical to the products in the main stores. They have minor faults, that most of us cannot even notice. And yet, they are priced low compared to the main stores. The “quality control” department devalues them significantly. Quality thinking requires such non-linearity. Half a chair equals no chair; it is just wood. A shirt with one wrong stitch is a fraction of the price of the perfect shirt. This is sometimes called the Law of Diminishing Returns, in which exponentially greater effort is required to convert a “good enough” thing into a “perfect thing”. However, then that perfect thing is also priced exponentially higher. The reason this is called the law of diminishing returns is that nobody wants to pay such a high price. But if we apply such restrictions to truth, then the high price for attaining the truth would leave us with falsities. This is not an empty argument. We have to ask: Is spiritual perfection something “good enough”? Or is it actually perfect? When we strive for perfection, the value is exponentially more than when we strive for “good enough”. However, that also requires an exponentially higher effort and sacrifice compared to good enough. For example, a single name of God chanted perfectly is hugely more valuable than millions of names chanted by millions of people imperfectly. Quantity and utility are actually damned. The human body has 60 trillion bacteria and 600 trillion viruses. But one human soul is more valuable than 660 trillion other souls. Similarly, the material creation has trillions of universes with trillions of souls in them. One pure devotee of God is more valuable than all the other living entities. This is how non-linear value is, and it is always the result of qualities. Measuring the Truth by the Results The truth that causes the results can be measured from the results. However, to do that, we must give up quantitative and utilitarian thinking. We must rather think qualitatively. The quantitative results of the work we have done don’t matter on their own. Underlying them is a quality, which—if significantly different than the qualities underlying other activities—is valuable. If the result is defined qualitatively, then we know that only a superior quality can produce a superior result. Then, it is correct to say that if you see a great quality result, then it has to be produced by a great quality cause. Quite simply, the existence of a great effect implies a great cause. However, if the result is defined quantitatively, then a bad quality can produce a big quantity, good quality may produce a small quantity, and such possibilities lead to many confusions. All such confusions are the results of quantitative thinking. If the result is viewed quantitatively, then success means quantity, and compromises are valid means to get success. Such compromises do not produce our purification or better quality, which means that we can add millions of such individuals, and they will never equal in value to a single perfect individual. This is the result of non-linearity in the qualitative way of thinking. By increasing quantity and compromising quality, a religion can have billions of imperfect followers, who are not going to the spiritual world, and the popularity of the religion doesn’t equate to transcendence. There are many good-enough spiritualists who compare themselves to the perfect transcendentalists owing to quantitative comparisons and neglect of qualitative differences. The journey from good enough to perfection is exponentially harder than the journey from nothing to good enough. If we understand how qualitative perfection is exponentially greater than either good enough or quantitative progress, then instead of trying to trade off perfection for quantitative success, we would trade off quantitative success for perfection, if that was the best thing feasible in the current situation. Otherwise, quantitative success can coexist with qualitative betterment.
The Malqata Menat, late Eighteenth Dynasty An elaborate menat necklace depicted in a relief at the Temple of Hathor at Dendera In ancient Egyptian religion, menat (Ancient Egyptian: mnj.t, Arabic: منات) was a name of the goddess Hathor,[1] and of a type of artifact closely associated with her,[2] much like the sistrum was. The artifact, whose name was slightly different in hieroglyphic spelling than that of the goddess,[3] was held in the hand by its counterpoise and used as a rattle by Hathor's priestesses.[4] Often it was worn as a protective amulet, even by Apis bulls.[5] Part of the menat was a plate called an aegis (Greek for "shield"), worn on the chest, to which strands of beaded strings were attached. The other ends of the strings were tied to a counterweight that dangled on the wearer's back.[6] The aegis was often made of faience, but other materials as varied as leather and bronze were also used.[7] It was often inscribed or bore depictions of deities associated with Hathor. The necklace was meant to ensure good luck and fortune and to protect against evil spirits. It was also worn for protection in the afterlife and is often found buried with the dead, given as a grave gift since Ramesside times (the Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties that comprise the last two-thirds of the period known as the New Kingdom).[8] Worn by women, it was expected to foster fruitfulness and good health, while among men it signified virility.[9] 1. ^ Ermann & Grapow, op. cit., 2, 76, 4. 2. ^ Armour, op.cit., p. 91. 3. ^ Ermann & Grapow, op. cit., 2, 75.18-76.3. 4. ^ Hart, op. cit., p. 65. 5. ^ Van der Toorn et al., op.cit., p. 70. 6. ^ Bianchi, op. cit., p. 202. 7. ^ Petrie Museum Collection - search for menat 8. ^ Lurker, op. cit., p. 132. 9. ^ Doniger, op. cit., p. 709. Media related to Menat-necklace and counterpoise at Wikimedia Commons
Best answer: How do I distort a PNG in Illustrator? Hold down Shift+Alt+Ctrl (Windows) or Shift+Option+Command (Mac OS) to distort in perspective. How do you add distortion in Illustrator? Select the text or object that you want to distort and then choose Object → Envelope Distort → Make with Warp. The Warp Options dialog box appears. Select a warp style from the Style drop-down list and then specify any other options you want. Click OK to apply the distortion. How do you warp an object in Illustrator? Right click on the object and select “Warp.” A grid will pop up. Use your mouse to drag and warp the image with your mouse. In another version of Illustrator there is a Warp tool to the left of the Free Transform tool. The Warp Tool here is used to create effects that are referred to as “distortions” in other versions. How do you rotate an object in Illustrator? Click-Drag Angles 1. Open Adobe Illustrator and press “V” to enable the Selection tool. 2. Click any object to select it. … 3. Press “R” to enable the Rotate tool. 4. Click and drag your mouse to rotate the object(s) to the appropriate angle. 5. Select one or more objects from the Illustrator canvas. THIS IS FUN: How can I see the whole video of a GIF? Where is perspective distort in Illustrator? To distort the perspective of an object in Illustrator, select the object and grab the Free Transform tool. Then, select Perspective Distort from the flyout menu and move the anchor points (in the corners of your object) to change the object’s perspective. This opens in a new window. How do you reshape an image in Illustrator? How Do I Change the Shape of a Picture in Illustrator? 1. Select the Selection Tool and click on the image. … 2. Move the Selection Tool over any corner node. … 3. Click on a corner node. … 4. Hold “Shift” and drag the corner nodes diagonally away from the image to enlarge it. Where is the free transform tool in Illustrator? The Free Transform tool lets you distort artwork freely. When you start Illustrator, the Toolbar at the left of the screen includes a basic set of commonly used tools. You can add or remove tools. Click Edit Toolbar toward the bottom of the Toolbar to show a list of available tools. How do you use the Reflection tool in Illustrator? Use the Reflect tool to create a mirrored image in Illustrator. 1. Open Adobe Illustrator. Press “Ctrl” and “O” to open your image file. 2. Click the Selection tool from the Tools panel. Click the image to select it. 3. Select “Object,” “Transform,” then “Reflect.” Choose the “Vertical” option for a left to right reflection. How do you make a right angle in Illustrator? To make a right triangle in Illustrator, grab the Rectangles Tool (keyboard shortcut: M) then hold Shift on your keyboard and click and drag on the canvas to make a perfectly symmetrical square. THIS IS FUN: Best answer: Why do GIFs not work on iPhone?
Beginning Ecological Practices for Orthodox Christians Beginning Ecological Practices for Orthodox Christians The Orthodox Fellowship of the Transfiguration Saint James, the Apostle, tells us, “Faith without works is dead.” The ecological dimensions of our faith require earth healing actions as much as proper interactions with our neighbors. The following is a beginning list of recommended reflections and actions which Orthodox Christians can strive to engage. As a suggestion, experience teaches that it is better not to attempt to change too much all at once. Instead take one or two practices and work to apply just those for an entire week. Then take on another practice the following week. Gradually your attitudes followed by your behavior will change. A steady, step-by- step process will allow you (and every other person) to go deeper into an ecologically benign and healing way of life than trying to do everything all at once and finding the task overwhelming. In making lifestyle change, it is helpful to follow the turtle’s example, “Go slow, but go steady.” This approach works. * Develop a habit of prayer. Pray for the ecological healing of your habits, of your neighborhood, your parish and of the entire planet. Prayer is an essential step. * Recycle newspaper, aluminum, glass, tin and all other wastes * Reuse paper bags and plastic containers * Avoid disposable plates, cups, utensils and other throwaways * Utilize public transportation whenever possible * Remember to give thanks to God for your food before meals. Being thankful for all things gives you spiritual strength to make lifestyle corrections. * Strive to select foods that are low on the food chain * Purchase local, organic, pesticide-free foods * Avoid highly processed foods or foods produced at a great distance * Be responsible and creative with leftover food * Establish a household energy program to reduce energy consumption. * Remember to turn off lights or appliances when they are not in use * Replace incandescent light bulbs with low wattage compact flourescent bulbs * Lower the temperature setting in your hot water heater * Strive to become energy self-sufficient and set a neighborhood example * Share an insight about our ecological predicament every day * Learn about alternative ways to address consumer and earth healing issues * Study the lives of the great naturalists and imitate their attitude to creation * Promote the importance of an earth healing attitude * Help your church or parish establish a creation care study group * Emphasize simplicity, frugality and repair in all functions of your home * Be frugal and conserve resources as much as possible * Remove household toxics through proper disposal * Educate yourself to the problems of overconsumption and misuse of resources * Examine your life and eliminate habits that destroy the environment * List all of the Scriptural guidances among a right care of the earth. * Begin a discussion group about a responsible Christian lifestyle * Encourage a study group on Christian responsibility for the environment * Ask you pastor to include sermons that include a right care for God’s creation * Emphasize Church energy efficiency * Avoid all use of styrofoam products -- they can't be recycled * Learn about Christian theology as it applies to lifestyle and care of the earth * Study is essential for deep and lasting progress on any issue. * Observe the environmental sabbath and other creation-awareness days * Sponsor a program that enhances community awareness of ecology issues * Establish a parish lecture series on creation care and an Orthodox lifestyle * Form a parish climate change study group * Bring beauty onto your parish property * Take time out in nature * Learn why St. John Chrysostom tells us that nature is our best teacher * Amplify your experience in nature by giving thanks for all in creation * Practice consecrating your food and all of your experiences back to God * Plant trees in your community * Teach children about ecological wisdom and a right care for the earth * Help an elderly neighbor care for his or her yard. * Support cooperatives and organizations which assist farmers and consumers * Assist in a local trash pickup program. * Encourage a workable neighborhood recycling program. So far, around the United States, only a small percentage of all reclaimable wastes are recycled. * Make sure that your neighborhood is clean and an example for the larger community of cleanliness and order. * Tackle a lake or park clean-up as a parish project which symbolizes responsibility for your town or neighborhood. * Learn about ecological tithing. This means give up things which you might otherwise consume or use unnecessarily. You might give up a high fuel- consumption automobile and find one that is more fuel-efficient * Consider walking or using public transportation. * Host a study program on climate change for your community * Invite qualified speakers to address your parish * Promote the use of alternative energy systems, especially solar or wind * Learn about the dangers hidden in social media. * Develop a local prayer group and gather regularly to reflect on our ecological condition and pray for the healing of our ecological wounds. * Show “The Face of God” film to those in your city. * Develop a climate action plan for your parish. * Identify what this means for lifestyle in your area. * Provide an energy audit of your parish * Teach spiritual integrity as a component of ecological integrity * Demonstrate examples for your community of right spiritual-ecological livelihood * Encourage other churches in your neighborhood into care of creation * Find ways to offer healthy entertainment for your neighborhood * Promote local earth healing and climate healing programs in your city. This short list is just a beginning. Many other practices can be added to expand and develop the range of opportunities to put Christian responsibility for God’s Earth into action. Resources for Study Groups
Wednesday 23 Jumada al-akhirah 1443 - 26 January 2022 How to memorize the Holy Qur’aan Please could you give me some advice on memorsing the Quran such as techniques Praise be to Allah. Important rules for memorizing the Holy Quraan. 1. Sincerity. It is essential to have a pure and sincere intention and a proper aim. One should learn the Quraan and pay attention to it for the sake of Allaah and attaining Paradise and earning the pleasure of Allaah. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): So worship Allaah (Alone) by doing religious deeds sincerely for Allaahs sake only. Surely, the religion (i.e. the worship and the obedience) is for Allaah only [al-Zumar 39:2-3]. According to a hadeeth qudsi, Allaah says: I am so self-sufficient that I am in no need of having an associate. Thus he who does an action for the sake of someone else as well as for My sake will have that action rejected by Me to the one whom he associated with Me. So there will be no reward for the one who reads and memorizes Quraan for the sake of showing off or gaining a good reputation. 2. Correct pronunciation and reading. This can only be learned by listening to someone who reads well or has memorized properly. The Quraan can only be learned from a teacher. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) learnt it orally from Jibreel, and the Sahaabah learned it orally from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). Then it was passed down orally from the Sahaabah to succeeding generations of this Ummah. 3. Deciding the amount to be memorized each time. The one who wants to learn the Quraam should decide how much he wants to memorize each time. After he has set out his objective and learned the correct pronunciation, he has to keep on repeating it over and over. This repetition should be with the proper intonation so as to avoid getting bored and so that he can memorize it properly. The intonation makes a person enjoy listening to it, helps him to memorize it and makes the tongue get used to that intonation, so that he will spot mistakes immediately, as the rhythm will be interrupted. This is in addition to the fact that the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, He is not one of us who does not recite the Quraan with a rhythmic intonation. (Narrated by al-Bukhaari). 4. Not going beyond what one has decided to learn in one day until one has memorized it perfectly. The haafiz should never move on to a new portion until he has perfectly memorized the prvious portion , so that it will stick in his mind. One thing that will help the student to memorize it is to preoccupy himself with it night and day, by reciting it in the prayers where Quraan is to be recited silently, and if he is leading others in prayer, by reciting it out loud. He can also recite it during his naafil prayers, and whilst waiting for (congregational) prayers. In this way it will become easy for him to memorize Quraan. Everyone can do this, even if he is busy with other things. 5. Adhering to one style of writing in the Mus-haf you use for memorizing. One thing that will help in memorizing Quraan is to have one's own copy of the Mus-haf (i.e., choosing a specific edition) and never changing it. This is because people learn as much by looking as by listening, so the pattern of the verses and where they appear on the pages of the Mus-haf stays in the mind as one reads and looks at the Mus-haf. So if a person changes the Mus-haf from which he is learning, or he learns from various Masaahif where the relative positions of the aayaat may vary, he will get confused and it will be difficult for him to memorize. 6. Understanding is the key to memorization. One of the things which is of the greatest help in memorizing is understanding the verses one is learning and knowing how they are connected to one another. This means that the haafiz has to read the tafseer of some of the aayahs and soorahs which he is memorizing and he has to focus his mind when he is reading. This will help him to remember the verses. But when he is committing the verses to memory, he should rely on understanding; what he has to do is rely on repetition so that it will be easy for him to memorize them. 7. Not moving on until one has learned a soorah well. After having memorized one soorah, the haafiz should not move on to another soorah until he has memorized the first soorah perfectly from beginning to end and he can recite it fluently without having to think too hard about it. Remembering it should be easy, and he should not move on to another soorah until he is sure that he has memorized the first one. 8. Continually reciting to someone else. The haafiz should not rely upon training by himself; he has to recite what he has memorized to another haafiz, or to someone else who can follow his recitation in the Mus-haf. This other person should be someone who knows how to recite Quraan properly, so that he can point out any mistakes or omissions in pronunciation or reading. It often happens that an individual may memorize a soorah incorrectly by himself, and he does not realize this even when he looks at the Mus-haf. So the person who wants to memorize a soorah looks in the Mus-haf and does not see where he is making a mistake in his recitation. So reciting to another person is an excellent means of correcting ones mistakes. 9. Continually following up. When it comes to memorization, the Quraan is different from any other material such as poetry or prose, in that it may be quickly forgotten. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: By the One in Whose hand is my soul, it tries harder to run away than a hobbled camel (Agreed upon). One only has to leave it for a little while and it escapes ones mind and is quickly forgotten. So one has to keep reviewing it and always work hard at retaining what one has memorized of the Quraan. Concerning this, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: The one who has memorized Quraan is like the owner of a hobbled camel. If he pays attention to it and takes care of it, he will keep it, but if he lets it go, he will lose it (Agreed upon). This means that the one who has memorized the Quraan has to recite it regularly as part of his wird [regular dhikr]. At least he should recite one of the thirty juz and at most he should recite ten juz each day, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: Whoever reads the whole Quraan in less than three days does not understand it (Agreed upon). By continually reciting it in this fashion he will retain what he has memorized. 10. Paying attention to the parts of the Quraan which resemble one another. The parts of the Quraan resemble one another in their meanings and wording. Allaah says: (interpretation of the meaning): Allaah has sent down the Best Statement, a Book (this Quraan), its parts resembling each other (in goodness and truth) (and) oft-repeated. The skins of those who fear their Lord shiver from it (when they recite it or hear it). Then their skin and their heart soften to the remembrance of Allaah [al-Zumar 39:23]. So the good reader of Quraan has to pay particular attention to those parts which resemble one another, i.e., the parts where the wording is similar, as this will help him to memorize it properly. 11. Making the most of the best years. The one who is truly blessed is the one whom Allaah enables to make the most of the best years for memorizing, which come approximately between the ages of five and twenty-three. During these years, a person is able to memorize things very well. Before the age of five, he is not able to do that, and after the age of twenty-three his ability to memorize declines whilst his ability to understand increases. So young people of these ages should make the most of it and memorize the Book of Allaah, because they are at the age when they will be able to learn it quickly and will be slow to forget it, unlike when they get older. He spoke the truth who said, Learning by heart when one is young is like engraving something on stone; learning something when one is old is like engraving something on water. It is our duty towards the Book of Allaah that we should memorize it properly, accept and follow its guidance, and make it the constitution of our lives, the light of our hearts, the comfort of our souls. Hopefully these rules will form a good foundation for those who sincerely want to memorize the Book of Allaah properly. And Allaah knows best. May Allaah bless our Prophet Muhammad. Was this answer helpful? Source: Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid
Career Profile: Psychiatrist Career Profile: Psychiatrist by Kathleen Gerry Jobs People Do \| JobsPeopleDo.com Psychiatry is a specialization that is chosen after taking medical school. Being a psychiatrist means working in a clinic, a hospital, or a professional organization that caters to the mentally ill. A psychiatrist distinguishes him or herself from a psychologist in a few very important ways, namely being able to prescribe medication and being the primary authority for persons with a brain chemical imbalance. There are many overlaps between psychiatrists and psychologists, particularly in the counselling services that are offered by both of these professional viewpoints. In order to become a psychiatrist, one must graduate high school with grades that allow them to get into an undergraduate degree and, particularly, a scientific degree. At the high school level, you might have to take at least one or a few of the following courses: chemistry, biology, physics and calculus. Once at the undergraduate level, you have several options on which major to choose to be best equipped for medical school. You could choose psychological science, pre-medical science, biochemisty or biophsyics. There are options that will allow you to choose what fits with your strengths and weaknesses. In undergrad, you will be required to receive high grades that will open the doors for the next step: medical school. There are different requirements for different schools and you will have to become aware of these through visiting the school, visiting the website or making a phone call to the schools you are interested in. Once you’ve selected a school and are aware of the requirements, you will have to go through the MCAT (Medical College Admissions Test) if that is a requirement. Once you’re into medical school, you have four years ahead of you before you get into your specialization. During these four years you will have practical classes that allow for hands on experiences in a hospital or clinic, and you will also have classes that are more theoretical in nature. Both of these types of classes are important for your overall success as a practicing physician. Becoming a specialist enters you into the next four year phase of your degree, and you will need to have obtained a relatively high average throughout med school to be able to get into your chosen specialization. The exact requirements will vary per school, and this is something that you will want to look into before starting medical school to ensure that you will be able to achieve the targets set out by each. As a psychiatrist, you can look forward to having a very comfortable salary around the $150,000 per year range (according to About.com). You also have the option to choose your work setting, whether that be in your own private clinic, in a hospital or in public organization. Leave a comment!
URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html Also called: Salt On this page See, Play and Learn • No links available Table salt is a combination of two minerals - sodium and chloride Your body needs some sodium to work properly. It helps with the function of nerves and muscles. It also helps to keep the right balance of fluids in your body. Your kidneys control how much sodium is in your body. If you have too much and your kidneys can't get rid it, sodium builds up in your blood. This can lead to high blood pressure. High blood pressure can lead to other health problems. Most people in the U.S. get more sodium in their diets than they need. A key to healthy eating is choosing foods low in sodium. The Dietary Guidelines recommend that most adults eat less than 2.3 grams per day. That equals about 1 teaspoon of table salt a day. Some people are more sensitive to the effects of salt than others and should eat less. This includes people who have high blood pressure, diabetes, or kidney problems, or are African American or over age 50. Reading food labels can help you see how much sodium is in prepared foods. NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Start Here Diagnosis and Tests Related Issues Clinical Trials Older Adults Patient Handouts
Properties of rice and the properties of rice for the health of the body Properties of rice; 10 incredible properties of rice for body health The image of a fragrant pilaf that has just come out of the rice cooker is a heartwarming image! Rice is used as a main part of many meals in most parts of the world. More than half of the world’s population feeds on this important grain. Among the health properties of rice are immediate energy supply, regulation and improvement of bowel movements, stabilization of blood sugar levels and reduction of the aging process. Rice is also involved in providing vitamin B1 in the body. Join us, we want to give you more information about the properties of rice. Properties of rice Properties of rice Other properties of rice include boosting metabolism, skin care, aiding digestion, lowering high blood pressure, helping to lose weight, boosting the immune system and protecting against dysentery, cancer and heart disease. These properties are found in more than forty thousand varieties of this grain. Rice is divided into two main categories: whole grains and white rice. Whole grains of rice, which are raw and pure, have a high nutritional value. But in white rice, bran is separated from the main grain, which reduces its nutritional value. People use different types of grains according to the cooking needs, availability and health properties of rice. Rice is also divided according to grain length. Long grain rice is used in Asian cuisine, and American countries prefer medium and short grain rice. 1. Energy supply Other properties of rice include providing energy to the body. Rice is rich in carbohydrates that act as fuel for the body; In addition, it is involved in the normal functioning of the brain. Carbohydrates are converted into functional energy in the body after fueling. Vitamins, minerals and organic matter in rice increase the function and metabolic activity of all organs of the body, which ultimately leads to increased energy levels. 2. Prevent obesity Other properties of rice include preventing obesity. Rice grains are free of harmful fats, cholesterol and sodium. Rice is also known as an integral part of a proper diet. In fact, any food that provides the body with the nutrients it needs, without having any side effects, is a great health benefit. Very low levels of fat, cholesterol and sodium help reduce obesity and its associated complications. 3. Blood pressure control The level of sodium in rice grains is very low and therefore very suitable for people with high blood pressure. Too much sodium in the body causes the arteries and arteries to constrict, increasing stress and strain on the cardiovascular system, which eventually leads to high blood pressure. It is also involved in diseases such as atherosclerosis, heart attack and stroke. However, eating foods that do not contain sodium will be good for your health. 4. Cancer prevention Whole grains of rice, like brown rice, are high in insoluble fiber, which protects the body against various types of cancer. Many scientists and researchers believe that insoluble fiber is vital for the body’s care against the growth and metamorphosis of cancer cells. Fiber is also involved in the fight against colorectal cancer. The properties of rice are not limited to the fiber in it. Rice contains natural antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin A and many phenolic compounds and flavonoids that have a similar function to antioxidants and help cleanse the body of free radicals. Free radicals are byproducts of cellular metabolism that damage organs and cause healthy cells to mutate into cancer cells. So by eating rice, you can increase the level of antioxidants in your body and prevent cancer. 5. skin care Medical experts believe that using powdered rice topically can cure skin diseases. Ayurvedic physicians prescribe rice water to effectively treat inflamed skin surfaces. Phenolic compounds in brown and wild rice contain anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties and are also used to relieve itchy skin and redness of the skin. Oral or topical use of rice is effective in relieving many skin diseases. The antioxidants in rice also reduce the appearance of wrinkles on the surface of the skin and other signs of premature aging. 6. Prevent Alzheimer’s Brown rice contains large amounts of nutrients that stimulate the growth and activity of neurotransmitters and ultimately prevent Alzheimer’s disease. Research has shown that different types of wild rice can stimulate neuroprotective enzymes in the brain that prevent the effects of free radicals and other dangerous toxins (risk factors for Alzheimer’s and dementia). 7. Diuretic and diuretic properties of rice The diuretic properties of rice husk cause you to expel excess water; In addition it eliminates toxins such as uric acid. Rice husk acts as an effective medicine for the treatment of dysentery (diarrhea with blood). Some people also believe that quarterly rice husk has diuretic properties. The Chinese believe that rice increases appetite, cures stomach ailments, and helps eliminate all digestive problems. The diuretic properties of rice husk cause you to expel excess water; In addition it eliminates toxins such as uric acid. Rice husk also helps with weight loss, as about 4% of urine is excreted body fat. The high fiber content of rice husk also increases the regular activity of the intestines and protects the body against a variety of cancers. Another property of rice is that it reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. 8. Improves metabolism Rice is an excellent source of minerals and vitamins; Vitamin D, calcium, niacin, fiber, iron, thiamine and riboflavin are all present in these valuable seeds. These vitamins form the basis of the body’s metabolism, immune system health and overall function of the body’s organs. We know that vitamins are essential for many activities and functions of the body, and rice is one of the most important sources of these vitamins. 9. Strengthen cardiovascular health Rice bran oil has antioxidant properties and helps strengthen the cardiovascular system by lowering the body’s cholesterol levels. We have already mentioned the benefits of fiber and low levels of fat and sodium to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system. Different types of wild and brown rice have better performance compared to white rice, because the husk of these grains has a lot of nutrients, which unfortunately, in the process of bleaching rice, is completely separated from the main grains. 10. Eliminate IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) Rice contains resistant starch that, once it reaches the intestines, stimulates the growth of beneficial bacteria that help the intestines move normally. These insoluble starches are also effective in reducing the effects of diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhea. According to the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines, the nutritional value of rice should be increased as much as possible so that people around the world can enjoy its benefits. Given that rice is the largest grain in most parts of the world, it can improve the lives of the millions of people who consume it. Researchers are now trying to increase the micronutrient value of these grains by combining traditional rice cultivation methods with modern biotechnology. They believe that rice cultivation with iron and zinc compounds is possible through bio-enhancement methods. This trend can also lead to high quality products that will naturally be pleasing to farmers and consumers. 11. Other properties of rice Rice can prevent chronic constipation. The insoluble fiber in rice acts like a smooth sponge that moves easily and quickly along the intestines. Brown rice and whole grains are rich in insoluble fiber. Of course, do not forget that with fiber foods, you should consume more water to be able to eliminate constipation. It is recommended that people with diabetes use brown rice instead of white rice because it has a lower glucose index. Consuming one serving of brown rice a day can provide all the manganese needed by the body, which is involved in converting carbohydrates and protein into energy. In addition, it helps the nervous system to function better and produce sex hormones.
Facebook Twitter Google Plus Dip in for a quick query or browse at will. We are here to help What is scarifying? Follow Einhell GC-SC 2240P Scarifier Scarifying is the process of digging into the grass, creating slits in the lawn to remove the build-up of thatch and other organic detritus like moss, beneath the new growing shoots of grass. It is an important part of dedicated lawn care, as thatch can choke new growth, stealing nutrients and water and gradually undermine the health of a lawn. Thatch is made up of dead and dying grass shoots and is part of the life cycle of a lawn. As the new shoots grow these defunct shoots drop beneath the surface of the lawn. However, these dead shoots do not decay, due to a polymer present in their molecular make-up. This means they build up and can choke a lawn. it is easy to tell or to work out if you have a thatch problem. • Your lawn may feel excessively springy and bouncy • Look carefully at the lawn. Can you see any soil between the grass? If not, you could well be looking at a bed of thatch • Take a core sample, about 3 or so inches should do (you could use an apple corer or a trowel to do this) if the thatch layer is more than about half an inch thick, you need to scarify A scarifier uses blades, usually curved, or sprung tines to remove deeply embedded thatch, moss and other organic detritus from below the surface. As part of this process, slits are created which further aerate the lawn enabling water and air to get in. It is possible to scarify with a rake, and moss is often removed this way, but this is highly labour intensive and potentially inefficient and you are unlikely to remove enough thatch if it has become dense and widespread, so it is probably more efficient, fast, easy and accurate to carry out this task out with a dedicated mechanical scarifier. Mechanical scarifiers can be powered by hand, by petrol, electric or even by batteries. There are a few different types of scarifier. • Scarifiers with curved sharp blades, as detailed above • Those that use tines (rather like a rake) designed mainly for the removal of moss. Although they are generally included in the scarifier category, they are also sometimes called mechanical lawn rakes. • Combi scarifiers that include tines and blades • Combi aerator/scarifiers that include dedicated aerating blades as well. There is more information on scarifiers on these pages and if you want to have a look for yourself, we have a large range of scarifiers of different types on these pages. Was this article helpful? 0 out of 0 found this helpful Have more questions? Submit a request Powered by Zendesk
Instabilities & Muscle Imbalance What’s the first thing that comes to mind when you hear about constructing a building? Like most, you probably consider the foundation because it is the thing that precedes everything else. A good foundation leads to a sturdy building that lasts for many years. In contrast, a weak foundation can shift the building to one side or even cause it to collapse. Physical strength is similar in many ways. Too many people try to build it on a weak foundation that prevents them from realizing their potential. The Two Primary Things That Determine The Strength Of Our Foundation Stability and balanced muscular development are two of the most important things that go into building a solid foundation (1). Stability refers to our ability to remain firm and steady while doing different activities. It allows us to produce force effectively and transfer it to the ground and external weights. For example, imagine that you have a heavy barbell on your back, but your feet are on sand. How well do you think you can squat? Now, imagine that you move away from the sand and on a solid surface. This is how profoundly our stability can impact us. Balanced muscular development is also vital for developing strength because it allows us to produce force effectively and load both sides of the body evenly. In contrast, an imbalance often leads to overcompensating with strong muscles, which worsens movement patterns, puts us at a greater risk of an injury, and further exacerbates the imbalances (2). How to Assess And Fix Imbalances And Instabilities Fixing imbalances and instabilities often starts with taking an objective look at yourself and your training. Working with a good coach is one option because a trained eye can spot even minor errors that suggest potential problems. Filming some of your training sets, especially when lifting sub-maximal loads, is also an option. We often think we are doing well, but seeing yourself from the side can reveal glaring issues in your technique. Once you spot an issue, the first step to resolving it is to reduce your training loads for a while and work on proper technique. Rebuilding your form is nothing to be ashamed of, and it can save you from an injury down the road. For example, if you notice that you lean forward on heavy squats, drop the load by 50 percent and work on sitting back and loading your heels. Introduce more unilateral work if you suspect that muscle imbalances plague your training (3). For example, you might notice that your left side lags on the barbell bench press. As a result, the barbell goes up in an uneven position. An excellent way to work on this issue is to swap barbell training for dumbbells for a while. Doing so will force both sides of your body to work and develop evenly. Another significant issue that might pop up is poor balance. The problem is trickier to diagnose because several things might be the cause. For example, poor mobility might be stopping you from getting into a stable position. Alternatively, you might simply have a poor technique that’s making the movement unnecessarily difficult. Weak core muscles could also be the cause. In such a case, working on your technique, mobility, and core strength could deliver the quickest and best results.
• By Ian Roth Mayo Clinic Minute: Why vaccines are especially important for older people April 22, 2019 The older you get, the harder time your body has fighting off infections and diseases. That's why Dr. Gregory Poland, who heads up the Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, says it becomes more crucial to get vaccinated as you age. Watch: The Mayo Clinic Minute Aging is inevitable, and parts of the process can be unpleasant. "As you get older, your immune system gets weaker," Dr. Poland says. "That's why we see more severe infections in older people. It's why they don't do as well with [other] diseases." Dr. Poland says that's why his team at Mayo Clinic looks for ways to tailor vaccines to better protect older people. "There are three influenza vaccines, one shingles vaccine and one hepatitis B vaccine that have been designed around those issues and that work better than the standard vaccines in older people," he says. Dr. Poland says it's important to remember that these vaccines aren't perfect and won't always prevent you from getting an illness, but they protect you from complications from illnesses like the flu. "So you might have had sniffles or fever," he says. "You were home for a day or two from work, but you didn't get hospitalized. You didn't get pneumonia. You're not on a ventilator. You're not in ICU. And you didn't die." He compares it to wearing a seat belt in a car. It won't necessarily prevent you from getting in an accident, but it will probably save your life if you do.
Why would a doctor suggest a DNR Why would a doctor suggest a DNR? - Mvorganizing Why Do Patients Agree to a Do Not Resuscitate or Full Your Doctor Probably Has A DNR REALITY: DNR stands for Do Not Resuscitate, not Do Not Treat. Translation: do not attempt a resuscitation in the setting of a full cardiopulmonary arrest. When patients choose to be DNR, they have stated almost nothing about their EOL goals or preferences to receive aggressive, life-sustaining treatments versus comfort-oriented care The doctor will then write this on the patient's chart using terms such as DNR (Do Not Resuscitate), DNAR (Do Not Attempt to Resuscitate), AND (Allow Natural Death), or DNI (Do Not Intubate). DNR forms vary by State and are usually available online. If end-of-life care is given at home, a special non-hospital DNR, signed by a doctor, is needed That doctor will be quick to recommend a DNR order rather than risk the survival of a patient whose quality of life is diminished. On the other hand, a doctor who sees life as having intrinsic value, who is rooted in Biblical principles, will be more inclined to advise CPR and DNR decisions from that perspective A do not resuscitate (DNR) order is the order for healthcare providers not to perform CPR on a patient with cardiac arrest. DNR orders are unique because CPR is the only medical intervention that requires an order not to administer it. DNR orders come from physicians, not from patients There is evidence to suggest that while many elderly favour resuscitation, they die with DNR orders in place. In limited data from other countries, the majority of elderly in the United Kingdom and Israel desired CPR, while those in Ireland did not. The attitudes of patients in a large part of the world are, however, not known But they asked for a do not resuscitate order. If he were to stop breathing or have no pulse, a DNR order would direct doctors not to compress his chest, use a machine to force air into his lungs. Further analysis showed that the presence or absence of a DNR order was the most significant predictor of whether patients would be cared for by a stroke team within seven days of admission. Patients with a DNR order were about 60% less likely to be cared for by a stroke team than their counterparts without such an order First is the practice of secret do-not-resuscitate orders being placed in patient's files. Secret DNR orders are just plainly wrong, and it's wrong for Lessenberry to frame his piece around patient autonomy when he seeks to defend the practice of patients being deceived about the care they expect. The second problem is equally troubling A do-not-resuscitate order, or DNR order, is a medical order written by a doctor. It instructs health care providers not to do cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if a patient's breathing stops or if the patient's heart stops beating. What is a DNR? Ideally, a DNR order is created, or set up, before an emergency occurs Do Not Resuscitate Orders (DNR) Stony Brook Medicin Understanding Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Orders - Brigham 1. WATCH: The NHS pushing DNRs on the mildly frail. The above video was sent to us on twitter. Dr Vernon Coleman, author and former general practitioner for the NHS, is reading the NICE care guidelines for critical care admissions during the Covid19 pandemic. NICE - or the National Institute of Care and Excellence - is the official. 2. Consent ought to be required to withhold treatment that is in a patient's best interests to receive. Do not resuscitate (DNR) orders are examples of best interests assessments at the end of life. Such assessments represent value judgments that cannot be validly ascertained without patient input. If patient input results in that patient dissenting to the DNR order then individual physicians. 3. A Do Not Resuscitate Order (DNRO) is a form or patient identification device developed by the Department of Health to identify people who do not wish to be resuscitated in the event of respiratory or cardiac arrest. A copy of the form can be obtained by downloading the form from this site (on yellow paper only) 4. Basis for choice. Interviews with 26 DNR patients and 16 full code patients in Toronto in 2006-9 suggest that the decision to choose do-not-resuscitate status was based on personal factors including health and lifestyle; relational factors (to family or to society as a whole); and philosophical factors. Audio recordings of 19 discussions about DNR status between doctors and patients in 2 US. 5. Without a DNR in place it will be assumed that she wants to be resusitated in the event of a heart attack or something similar. Some people would prefer to die of a heart attack than of cancer, he is just checking and recording whether she is one of those people 6. A DNR is a request not to have CPR if your heart stops or if you stop breathing. You can use an advance directive form or tell your doctor that you don't want to be resuscitated. Your doctor will put the DNR order in your medical chart. Doctors and hospitals in all states accept DNR orders Millones de productos. Envío gratis con Amazon Prime. Compara precios Only a doctor can order medical treatment. In an extreme medical situation, the doctor can offer CPR, but it is the patient's job to accept or reject. Any patient can refuse CPR. This refusal is known as Do Not Resuscitate or DNR, and for obvious reasons needs to be made ahead of time DNRs are Do Not Resuscitate orders. A DNR order on a patient's file means that a doctor is not required to resuscitate a patient if their heart stops and is designed to prevent unnecessary suffering It does depend on the specifics of state laws, but there is a distinct difference between a physician's order and an advance directive. When patients enter a hospital, the admission paperwork includes a general consent to be treated as needed. P.. The person best able to talk through DNI and DNR and understand patient goals is the primary care doctor. But for hospitalists admitting a patient with pneumonia, it's incumbent upon us to say, If you need to be on a ventilator, let's talk about that scenario. For most patients, a hospitalist or resident can lead the discussion Fiction versus futility. A major deterrent to enabling doctors, patients and families from having a cogent conversation about DNR orders concerns the fact that CPR has been at the focal point for two very troubling influences in the history of medicine: fiction and futility Do Not Resuscitate: What It Means & Who Can Get On Individual patients can continue to be eligible for hospice if they live longer than 6 months, providing that the doctor believes death is more likely than not within 6 months. The patient does not need a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order to be eligible for hospice care. There is no limit to the number of days that a patient can receive hospice care DNR - three little letters - so easy to say. But DNR is an acronym for Do Not Resuscitate, and that is a life and death matter. It seems to go against our very instinct for survival! DNR is generally taken as a direction to medical staff that a patient does not wish to have cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if their heart stops or if they. DNACPR is sometimes called DNAR (do not attempt resuscitation) or DNR (do not resuscitate) but they all refer to the same thing. DNACPR means if your heart or breathing stops your healthcare team will not try to restart it. A DNACPR decision is made by you and/or your doctor or healthcare team The cautionary tale of a patient who came doubly close to dying: His heart stopped, and he had misunderstood the do not resuscitate document he had signed Where a patient, with capacity, asks not to be resuscitated. This must be respected and a DNR order implemented to alert all healthcare professionals not to attempt resuscitation. You can request a DNR order at any time. Where a doctor considers that resuscitation is likely to be futile, i.e. in their medical opinion, CPR will not work What is a DNR (DNRO)? Free DNR Form Florid Studies suggest using AND can change how patients and their families approach end-of-life care decisions, because DNR orders are often ambiguous and require complex understanding between several parties. The Hospice Patients Alliance has also said the term DNR often terrifies patients and their families and comes across as harsh and. We suggest it is time for doctors to stop using Do Not Resuscitate (DNAR, DNACPR) orders all together. Instead, all patients at risk of life threatening medical emergencies should have a 'person held' individual emergency health care/ resuscitation plan Doctors ask people vulnerable to covid to consider signing 'do not resuscitate' orders to ease pressure on Swiss intensive care units. Doctors in Switzerland have called for people to put their. To DNR or Not to DNR - The Health Care Blo 1. For Periyakoil, improving end-of-life care is a loudly ticking clock. We have 2.6 million Americans die each year, and most don't get to weigh in on how and where that happens, she said. Most people want to have that chance.. This article originally appeared in print in the July/August 2015 issue of the AAMC Reporter 2. When facing decisions about withholding or withdrawing life- sustaining treatment the physician should: Review with the patient the individual's advance directive, if there is one. Otherwise, elicit the patient's values, goals for care, and treatment preferences. Include the patient's surrogate in the conversation if possible, even when. 3. The only time a doctor has a good reason for not consulting a patient is if the conversation would risk causing them physical or psychological harm. The Resuscitation Council has issued guidance in response to the case. The guidance stresses the need for doctors to have clear and honest discussions with patients about CPR and the likelihood of. 4. the reason why DNR is issued was if the doctor felt cpr would bring more harm than good. why prolong the suffering? why not let the patient die in peace. unnecessary intubation and admission to icu was not going to help. if anyone did aggressive resuscitation despite DNR issued its going to be a medicolegal issue. the fact is not many survive. 5. Imposing the DNR. George A. Mocsary. My mother almost died on her birthday. Upon learning that she was critically ill, I flew to New York from where I lived in Illinois, arriving at the hospital around 8 pm. My mother was quarantined, wearing an oxygen mask on her forehead. I moved the mask to her nose and mouth, where it belonged, and waited 6. Why it's done. A urinalysis is a common test that's done for several reasons: To check your overall health. Your doctor may recommend a urinalysis as part of a routine medical exam, pregnancy checkup, pre-surgery preparation, or on hospital admission to screen for a variety of disorders, such as diabetes, kidney disease and liver disease 7. The battle between doctors and patients' families over end-of-life care has just begun. On the morning of Oct. 18, Mojgan Rasouli and her mother, Parichehr Salasel, left their home in Toronto. The doctors were to collaborate in a meeting on Friday then the prostrate doctor/surgeon would call my father-in-law on Monday and explain things. I made sure my wife and her sister where their when the call came in. No call came in. So they decided to call the doctor. The doctor was very short and oddly hysterical, the call last 2.5 minutes Control at the End of Your Life- DNR and DNH Orders. End-of-life decision making is a topic near and dear to my heart- it resonates with me because of encounters I had as a nurse when I was young and more recent experiences with my loved ones. I believe all of us- given a chance- want to control our last days of life The purpose of this statement and the frequently asked questions (FAQ) is to provide pre-hospital providers with clarification and information on accepting non-hospital and hospital Do Not Resuscitate Orders (DNR). Readers are referred to PHL § 29-B and DOH Memo 92-32, DNR Orders that are the governing documents for detailed discussions on the. Life support is what gives doctors the ability to perform complicated surgeries. do not resuscitate (DNR) allow natural death (AND) Statistics suggest that people who need CPR after a. He continues to suggest other possible factors that may play a role in a physician's decision to pursue aggressive treatment, including a lack of training—learning to accept the limitations of interventions and consider palliative care as a transition of care—as well as the emotional discomfort required by doctors to explain why they are stopping therapy versus doling out an additional. Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) and Other Life-Sustaining Treatment (LST) This is a medical order form that tells others the patient's wishes for life-sustaining treatment. A health care professional must complete or change the MOLST form based on the patient's current medical condition, values, wishes, and MOLST Instructions A living will is a type of written legal document called a medical advance directive. It describes the medical care you want in certain situations. Some medical treatments can prolong your life, even when recovery is not possible. If you are not likely to recover, a living will can list the treatments you want and do not want List of Cons of Life Support. 1. Prolonged agony. It is a common argument that putting patients on life support only prolongs their agony. Life support, as defined in USLegal as a medical treatment that, when applied to the patient, would only serve to prolong the dying process where the patient has a terminal illness or injury, or would serve only to maintain the patient in a condition of. Living wills and other advance directives are written, legal instructions regarding your preferences for medical care if you are unable to make decisions for yourself. Advance directives guide choices for doctors and caregivers if you're terminally ill, seriously injured, in a coma, in the late stages of dementia or near the end of life A living will is a document that lists the type of medical treatments the patient does or does not want at the end of life. For example, some people nearing the end of life choose to refuse artificial life support, such as mechanical respirators or a feeding tube. Or, they request a do not resuscitate (DNR) order Your doctor tells you they want to do a urine culture.It's a test to check for germs or bacteria in your pee that can cause a urinary tract infection ().. Your urinary tract includes the kidneys. Why do hospitals push DNR? - Quor Why did my doctor prescribe oxygen for me? Every body needs oxygen. In fact, every tissue and every cell in the body needs a constant supply of oxygen to work properly. Oxygen gets into our cells and tissues via the lungs. The lungs breathe in oxygen from the air, then pass the oxygen into the bloodstream through millions of tiny air sacs. The supervisor explained that the patient's chart had contained a prominently displayed do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order with which the radiologist obviously had not complied. guilt and a sense of obligation may lead radiologists to ignore DNR orders. Lastly, suggest these researchers, there is an underlying fear among radiologists that if. Helen Leaford, 62, from Baisingstoke, pictured left with her daughter Sarah, was forced to borrow £300 from friends to see a private doctor after her own GP refused to see her face-to-face Do-not-resuscitate order. A do - not - resuscitate order, or DNR order, is a medical order written by a doctor. It instructs health care providers not to do cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if a patient's breathing stops or if the patient's heart stops beating The doctor had five patients, two intubation teams, and not very much time. unless the patient has a do not resuscitate order. Hospitals could have, in theory, made an argument for. A: LifeVest is covered by most health plans in the United States, including commercial, state, and federal plans. You should contact your medical insurance provider with any questions about your specific coverage. LifeVest patient support is also available to answer your questions. Call ZOLL at 1-800-543-3267 for assistance 943. Elderly care home residents have been categorised en masse as not requiring resuscitation, in a strategy branded unacceptable by the healthcare regulator. People in care homes in Hove. Doctors in the UK must consult the patient or their family when writing a DNACPR notice unless doing so would cause physical or psychological harm.14 Finally, doctors and nurses can sometimes conflate DNACPR decisions with end-of-life care and mistakenly think that other treatment should not be given Each of these symptoms, taken alone, is not a sign of death. But, for someone with a serious illness or declining health, these might suggest that the person is nearing the end of life. In addition, when a person is closer to death, the hands, arms, feet, or legs may be cool to the touch. Some parts of the body may become darker or blue-colored Health secretary Matt Hancock is to issue guidance on controversial do not resuscitate orders for doctors after growing concern over use of blanket notices in care homes during the. Curative care DNR/DNI Palliative care DNR/DNI Palliative care . Full Code* Trying to cram everything into DNR/DNI is not possible. DNR may suggest palliative goals but not always *This is a frustrating situatio No doctor, no nurse, no physical, occupational or speech therapist anywhere in America can force you or your loved one to go anywhere you or they don't want to go. If a patient wants to go home against the recommendations of their medical team, they have every right to go home, with one caveat. They have to have the capacity to make their own. DNR Means Do Not Treat It is the process of life that the doctor aims to maintain and not the process of dying. This means doctors can stop trying to prolong life in cases where there is no hope of a cure Physicians, the morality of euthanasia, and the Hippocratic Oath. In his post on Monday, Tom Garigan suggested that one of the primary reasons that those who favor physician-assisted suicide propose that physicians be the ones providing the means of death is that the involvement of physicians gives moral certification to what is being done While cardiac arrest in a medical facility is more often than not a killer, you have a greater chance of living through the incident than in years past, and some doctors suggest that this may be a good reason to re-think a DNR decision in your advanced health care directive Understanding Health Care Decisions at the End of Life 1. Nursing Care and Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) and Allow Natural Death (AND) Decisions initiation of a comfort care plan. One study found that heart failure patients receive suboptimal - care when a DNR order is in place (Chen, Sosnov, Lessard, & Goldberg, 2008). Patients undergoing surgery pose special considerations. Regarding suspension of DNR statu 2. DNR decisions are frequently made in oncology and hematology care and physicians and nurses may face related ethical dilemmas. Ethics is considered a basic competence in health care and can be understood as a capacity to handle a task that involves an ethical dilemma in an adequate, ethically responsible manner. One model of ethical competence for healthcare staff includes three main aspects. 3. Moreover, the current DNACPR form's clear definition of whose responsibility it is to make a decision about not attempting resuscitation—namely a doctor at ST3 level or above—is in marked contrast to the findings of previous research where confusion remained about whether it was appropriate for junior doctors to make DNR decisions. 2 4. A DNR order on a patient's file means that a doctor is not required to resuscitate a patient if their heart stops and is designed to prevent unnecessary suffering. The usual circumstances in which. 5. threatened with an NFR (Not for resuscitation) or DNR (Do not resuscitate) order . In a situation where the Intensive Care team suggests a withdrawal of treatment or a limitation of treatment as being in the best interest for your critically ill loved one . approaching their end of life in Intensive Car 6. Doctor sounds like a clown. Part of this is probably the patients age too, just a guess. I have seen many pts who are DNRs and still somewhat healthy. Meaning not expected to die ANY MINUTE NOW. If a walkie talkie DNR ( have seen them) , pt had been fine all day and now temp 103.5, hr , abdomen f.. 112 best images about Funny on Pinterest \| Code for, Cpt It can either be an order that the doctor wrote himself (usually just says date DNR/DNI/NMP Dr. So and so) or a telephone order that was written by a nurse and TO'd within the past 24 hours. There is a form that social services goes over with the pt. /family where they check if they want to be a DNR or not and sign, but that is not a legal DNR. The ability to maintain nutrition and hydration is essential when caring for hospitalized older adults. When physicians recognize that long-term nutrition and hydration cannot be maintained through an oral route, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement may need to be considered for long-term nutritional support Different patterns can suggest different autoimmune disorders. Positive diagnosis A positive result on an ANA test may help a doctor to diagnose an autoimmune disorder How doctors decide whether a person's medical condition should be reported to the Ministry of Transportation varies by province and by individual doctor. The Ministries of Transportation of BC and Alberta recommend that doctors administer the SIMARD-MD test for seniors they suspect may have cognitive issues that prevent them from driving safely I don't think anything will happen differently than it would have with a DNR. My FIL had a brain bleed and no DNR. While he did have surgery at first (at my mother-in-law's request and because no one quite knew what was going on inside his head), he had a second brain bleed the next day, and the doctor said he was brain dead and there was nothing more to do Plus, registered or not, becoming a donor is rare. Less than 1 percent of people who die in a hospital setting are even eligible organ donors since a donor needs to be on a ventilator and die from brain death or circulatory death. Brain death must be declared by a physician. According to the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), brain death is. The good doctor is also unhappy that DNR apparently thought of him as representing environmentalists in this debate: I'm sorry — I don't represent environmental interests. If you're. DNR tattoo not a good idea By Seth Rosenberg, JD, MSW. There was recently a case in Florida involving a man who tattooed Do Not Resuscitate together with what appeared to be his signature on his torso. That act has generated a national debate over the sufficiency of the request A GP surgery in Wales that sent out the request for people to sign a DNR if they hadn't already, said the benefits included doctors, family and friends knowing not to call 999 if a loved one's condition worsened, thereby saving scarce ambulance resources and risking any transmission of the coronavirus to others One study cited by Russo shows that even among patients with a do-not-resuscitate order, or DNR, discussions between doctors and patients about what could happen with an ICD at the end of life. The first thing I'd say is never allow yourself to be bamboozled by medical jargon. Always ask for an explanation of any term you don't fully understand. Doctors are still only people and will help you with terminology if you ask what you aren't sure of. I do understand why the they sometimes tiptoe around the question of DNR (do not resuscitate)
PathEngine home previous: Building for Maximum Speednext: Building the TestBed for Other Platforms Contents, Programmers Guide, Building the Source Code, Static Linkage Static Linkage The full source package enables your application to link directly with the PathEngine runtime as a single static library. (With the full source package you can build PathEngine with the same compiler and compile and link settings as are being used by the rest of the application, which ensures link compatibility for things like run-time library linkage, calling conventions, and so forth.) The run-time API is identical when linking against PathEngine statically or as a DLL, except for the the process of initialising the SDK and obtaining the root interface pointer (and eventually shutting things down, if this is desired). Initialise the SDK with PathEngine_InitialiseAndObtainRootInterface, with this method then supplying the root interface pointer for further API calls. Explicit shutdown and reinitialisation If desired, the SDK can be explicitly shutdown, with PathEngine_ShutDown (and also subsequently reinitialised). Memory instrumentation and static linkage PathEngine's memory instrumentation uses a very simple technique based on over-riding global new and delete operators, and is designed for use with the DLL build of the SDK. Example code An example project for static linkage against the SDK is provided in 'SDKRoot/LinkageExamples/LinkageWithSharedObject' (included with the source archives). The example project directory includes a Visual Studio project for the PC (Windows-x86) platform, and a python script to build on GCC based platforms. The Visual Studio project is essentially a vanilla console exe project with the PathEngine interface directory added to the includes path, and the set of PathEngine static libraries added to linker input. Run the generated exe from a console, or debug through execution, and you should see the line 'Simple test completed successfully.' being output. The python script uses the same platform config as the main python build scripts, and requires the same environmental variables setup. (Refer to Building with the Python Build Scripts for details.) To run the script simple change directory to the example project directory, and type 'python'. The script simply dispatches the required compile and link commands. If you're not familiar with python that you can nevertheless refer to the output of this script for the command lines used. Documentation for PathEngine release 6.03 - Copyright © 2002-2021 PathEnginenext: Building the TestBed for Other Platforms
How warm is Greece? Is Greece warm all year round? Greece has a typical Mediterranean climate, which lends itself to mild and often wet winters and dry summers. The country is mostly sunny throughout the year. The northern part of the country can be very cold during the winters, even receiving snow in some areas. Winter is milder to the south. Is Greece usually warm? The climate of Greece is mediterranean with summers that are usually hot and dry, and the winters that can be quiet cold and wet. … Summers in Greece are usually very hot, and in July and August temperatures usually reach 30 to 35°C, but sometimes even 40°C and more. How hot is Greece in the summer? Summer is hot: in July and August, the average maximum temperature is 31/32 °C (88/90 °F), but on hotter periods it can easily rise to around 35/36 °C (95/97 °F). How hot is Greece on average? Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Athens Greece. In Athens, the summers are hot, dry, and clear and the winters are long, cold, windy, and partly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 42°F to 92°F and is rarely below 34°F or above 97°F. IT\'S FUNNING: Is it safe to use Uber in Athens? Why is Greece so hot? A strong blocking upper ridge is resulting in extremely high temperatures across parts of the Mediterranean and the Balkan peninsula. The ridge often forms a so-called heat dome which typically brings very high, record-challenging temperatures. Does it ever snow in Greece? Mountains throughout Greece are coated with snow in the large image. … According to the Greek National Tourism Organization, snow is not unusual in the mountains of Greece during the winter. Is Greece hotter than Italy? Farther east, temperatures in Athens, Greece are almost as high. While their averages are similar, when Valletta and Athens feel their heat is quite different. Valletta enjoys exceptionally warm winters, but Athens has slightly hotter summers. Hottest Cities in Europe. High °F 70.5 High °C 21.4 City Rome, Italy Low °F 48.3 Low °C 9.1 What are Greek winters like? Winters are mild in the south but much colder in the mountainous north, where it is not uncommon to see snow and temperatures plummeting to well below zero. November to March is the rainy season, most notably on the Ionian Islands. Is Greece warm in December? Across Greece, the average temperatures in December can reach highs of 57 Fahrenheit (14 Celsius) and lows of 43 F (6 C). … It may not be the best month to visit the Greek beaches, but the temperature is still mild and comfortable, especially when compared to other countries in northern Europe. Is Greece warm in winter? Winter in Greece is generally mild, with temperatures averaging at around 12 to 15 degrees Celsius. However, as you move more to the north, the temperature drops, and in regions such as Epirus and Macedonia or Thrace temperatures regularly drop below zero and can, on rare occasions, go as low as -20 degrees Celsius! IT\'S FUNNING: Are Greek heroes the perfect humans? Does Greece have 4 seasons? Spring, summer, autumn, winter: All year round, Greece is the most beautiful country of the Mediterranean. … You can enjoy holidays during all seasons in Greece: spring, autumn and winter promise experiences that will remain indelibly etched in your memory. Is Greece warm in January? Greece weather January Located in the south of Europe, Greece enjoys a mild Mediterranean climate with warm summers and cooler winters. January is a pleasant yet mild month in Greece, despite being one of the coldest months of the year. Is it hot in Greece in April? The climate in Greece in April is generally hot and dry. … The islands also tend to get roughly 6 hours of sunshine per day in April. On mainland Greece, average temperatures in April are between 11 and 20°C (52 to 68°F), but Athens enjoys 8 hours of sunshine per day in April. Is Greece a good place to live? Greece is generally a very safe place, and there is very little serious crime. They have one of the lowest costs of living in the European Union, although cities such as Athens are generally more expensive than the rest of the country. … Greeks are famed for being exceptionally welcoming and friendly.
What does it mean when a tumor is aggressive? What makes a tumor aggressive? What stage is aggressive cancer? Cancer grades Do aggressive tumors spread quickly? Malignant tumors Can aggressive cancer be treated? Many advanced cancers can’t be cured, but they can most often be treated. You should know if the goal of treatment is to cure the cancer, slow its growth and help you live longer, or relieve symptoms. Even if the goal is not to cure the cancer, physical symptoms can be managed most of the time. THIS IS IMPORTANT: What do follicular lymphoma lumps feel like? Which cancers are most aggressive? The top five most aggressive cancers are: • Lung cancer. • Colorectal cancer. • Breast cancer. • Pancreatic cancer. • Prostate cancer. What are the aggressive cancers? Deadliest Cancers: Lung, Breast, Colorectal, Pancreatic, Prostate. What is the last stage of cancer? Exhaustion, Weakness, and Desire to Sleep: The cancer patient may become much weaker and more easily exhausted during these last weeks. They may want to sleep often because of this, as well as spend most of their day in bed. Loss of Appetite: They may lose much of their appetite or have difficulty eating and drinking. When is cancer considered terminal? Terminal cancer is cancer which can’t be cured and isn’t responding to treatment, and that the person is likely to die from. Any kind of cancer can become terminal. Which is the most feared property of malignant tumor? The most feared property of malignant tumors is this characteristic called metastasis. What cancers Cannot be cured? The 10 deadliest cancers, and why there’s no cure • Pancreatic cancer. • Mesothelioma. • Gallbladder cancer. • Esophageal cancer. • Liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer. • Lung and bronchial cancer. • Pleural cancer. • Acute monocytic leukemia. What are the slowest growing cancers? Carcinoid tumor is a rare type of tumor that usually grows slowly. Carcinoid tumors are cancerous, but have been called cancer in slow motion, because if you have a carcinoid tumor, you may have it for many years and never know it.
UN: Syria Formally Joins Paris Climate Agreement Syria has formally joined the 2015 Paris deal aimed at slowing climate change, the United Nations said on Tuesday, leaving the United States as the only country opposed to the pact. Syria, racked by civil war, and Nicaragua were the only two nations outside the 195-nation pact when it was agreed in 2015. Nicaragua’s left-wing government, which originally denounced the plan as too weak, signed up last month. Syria announced last week that it intended to join. U.N. spokesman Stephane Dujarric told reporters in New York that Syria had submitted instruments of accession to the Paris climate deal and that the move would enter into force for the country on Dec. 13. U.S. President Donald Trump, who has expressed doubts that man-made greenhouse gas emissions are the prime cause of global warming, announced in June that he intended to pull out and instead promote U.S. coal and oil industries. Overall, the Paris agreement seeks to limit a rise in temperatures to “well below” two degrees Celsius (3.6 Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial times, ideally 1.5. The U.N.’s weather agency said on Monday that this year is on track to be the second or third warmest since records began in the 19th century, behind a record-breaking 2016, and about 1.1 Celsius (2F) above pre-industrial times. Be the first to comment on "UN: Syria Formally Joins Paris Climate Agreement" залишити коментар
This is the Year of Letting Go of Resentments Resentments are defined as the “bitter indignation at being mistreated.” It is a hard feeling that creates discontent, hostility, bitterness, and an inability to trust others. It is destructive to relationships because it is a hook to the traumatic events of the past. When we are tied to our histories, we cannot fully enjoy the present, and the future feels like a painful rerun. We make vows that we will never let anyone hurt us like we were hurt before. Unfortunately, these vows isolate and insulate us from loving relationships. Resentment is connected to our ego. Our ego needs to be correct, and it needs to be good. When we experience trauma, it can strip away our dignity, causing us to get needs met in unhealthy ways or won’t allow anyone else to help meet those needs. We believe that “I can do it all by myself” but it feels safer when we are alone. Unfortunately, cutting others out of our lives is a very lonely life. Resentment can also keep us stuck in a victim role. Victims need abusers to maintain this position. Therefore, our ego will fault others, reinforce the belief that people “can’t be trusted”, and only see the negative in the circumstances. We will gravitate to rescuers to make us feel good and validate our victim-mindedness. Write about ways resentment keeps you stuck in the past. What are the struggles you have experienced that make trusting others difficult? Have you chosen to be right over having a relationship? Journal about ways to select connections first. Visualize what the world of your ego looks like, who lives there, and what beliefs you take as truth in your ego world. How can you imagine a new, different world where you feel safe and secure? How would you do it this time if you could do a situation over? Have a chat with your “ego” and offer it comfort and seek what it needs to care for it healthily? Explore your resiliency. You didn’t want to go through tough times, but you got through them. What strengths did you discover about yourself? How did this challenging experience change your priorities? Celebrate how you have grown instead of feeding the monster of resentment. 10 Ways To Implement Self-Care In Your Life Self-care is often overlooked and pushed aside for more important, more pressing commitments. The truth is that self-care should be a priority. Without it, we cannot function at our optimum and therefore different areas of our life may be detrimentally impacted. The modern lifestyle is a busy one, with individuals often rushing between commitments, however, there are still ways you can implement self-care in your life. Here are ten ways you can add self-care to your routine so that you can maintain your physical, mental, and emotional health. Photo by Andre Furtado on 1. Identify what self-care is to you We all have different needs and different ways of unwinding. Identify what self-care is the most effective for you. It may be taking a walk and getting outdoors, or curling up by the fire with a good book. It may be surrounding yourself with good friends, taking a bike ride or soaking in a long, hot bath. Whatever it is, learn to define self-care for you as an individual so that you can better take care of yourself. 2. Establish a routine Once you understand what self-care works for you, add it to your routine. Commit to engaging the activity regularly until it becomes a habit, something that is simply a normal part of your life. 3. Get regular, good quality sleep Establish a sleep routine so that you are getting enough high-quality sleep. Sleep is a critical part of maintaining good health and should not be underestimated. By implementing a sleep routine, you can ensure that you are getting enough rest and are therefore optimally prepared to perform at your best. 4. Eat a balanced diet Diet is an important part of self-care and has a significant impact on your health. Make sure to eat lots of fresh fruit and vegetables, avoiding soft drink and processed foods. 5. Exercise regularly Exercise if great for physical, mental and emotional health and should be a part of any self-care routine. 6. Learn to say no The ability to establish boundaries can be important to self-care. Rather than simply saying yes to everything until things become unbearable or seemingly impossible, learn to say no when you are busy or feeling under pressure. 7. Get organised A little organisation can go a long way in regard to your self-care. Implementing strategies to be more organised can really help reduce your stress and improve your mental health. 8. De-clutter your environment Get rid of the rubbish and excess goods in your house; a cleaner, less cluttered space is great for your mental health as it will help to reduce stress levels. 9. Schedule time to yourself It can often feel like we are being pulled in a million different directions. Make sure to schedule time for your self-care and donít allow this to be interrupted. 10. Take a break If things are getting too much, take a break. It might be taking a few days off work, getting a away for the weekend or taking a longer vacation; regardless of the length, sometime simply stepping out of the environment can be great for perspective and self-care. Schedule training on self for your organization today by contacting Ron Huxley, LMFT at Depression Screening Tool * If you are experiencing severe depression and feel that you no longer want to live, please call 911 immediately. This tool is not a replacement for depression treatment or psychotherapy. If want to schedule an appointment with Ron Huxley for therapy, please click here! Depression is a constant feeling of sadness and loss of interest, which stops you from doing your normal activities. Different types of depression exist, with symptoms ranging from relatively minor to severe. Generally, depression does not result from a single event, but from a mix of events and factors. Depression Screening Tool: (The following criteria may be noticed by you or observed by others within the same two week period) Do you feel sad or empty most of the day? Yes – 1 point/ NO –0 points Have you been lacking interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day? Yes – 1 point/ NO –0 points Have you noticed a significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain or major change in appetite nearly every day? Yes – 1 point/ NO –0 points Do you have trouble going to sleep or sleeping too much nearly every day? Yes – 1 point/ NO –0 points Are you feeling agitated or sluggish nearly every day? Yes – 1 point/ NO –0 points Do you experience fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day? Yes – 1 point/ NO –0 points Have you been feeling worthless or experiencing an excessive amount of guilt nearly every day? Yes – 1 point/ NO –0 points Are you having trouble thinking, concentrating, or being indecisive, nearly every day? Yes – 1 point/ NO –0 points *Need five points minimum to qualify as Major Depressive Disorder. This screen should not be confused with an actual diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder. If you feel you are having a problem in this area, please consult with a professional, such as your physician. The NEGATIVE impact of the pandemic on our mental health! The following is from a recent study on the effects of the pandemic on our mental health, substance use, and suicidality. It is safe to say that those of us who were already experience challenges before the pandemic have seen an increase in our struggles. Even if we never had issues with mental health or substance use, the pandemic caused us to feel depressed, anxious, and overwhelmed. Photo by Alex Green on Data show COVID’s impact on nation’s mental health, substance use… The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has released findings from the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The data suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the nation’s well-being. Americans responding to the NSDUH survey reported that the coronavirus outbreak adversely impacted their mental health, including by exacerbating use of alcohol or drugs among people who had used drugs in the past year. Several changes to the 2020 NSDUH prevent its findings from being directly comparable to recent past-year surveys, as explained below. Based on data collected nationally from October to December 2020, it is estimated that 25.9 million past-year users of alcohol and 10.9 million past-year users of drugs other than alcohol reported they were using these substances “a little more or much more” than they did before the COVID-19 pandemic began. During that same time period, youths ages 12 to 17 who had a past-year major depressive episode (MDE) reported they were more likely than those without a past-year MDE to feel that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected their mental health “quite a bit or a lot.” Adults 18 or older who had any mental illness (AMI) or serious mental illness (SMI) in the past year were more likely than adults without mental illness to report that the pandemic negatively affected their mental health “quite a bit or a lot.” The 2020 data also estimate that 4.9 percent of adults aged 18 or older had serious thoughts of suicide, 1.3 percent made a suicide plan, and 0.5 percent attempted suicide in the past year. These findings vary by race and ethnicity, with people of mixed ethnicity reporting higher rates of serious thoughts of suicide. Among people of mixed ethnicity 18 or older, 11 percent had serious thoughts of suicide, 3.3 percent made a suicide plan and 1.2 percent attempted suicide in the past year. Among Whites 18 or older, 5.3 percent had serious thoughts of suicide, 1.4 percent made a suicide plan, and 0.5 percent attempted suicide in the past year. Among Hispanics or Latinos 18 or older, 4.2 percent had serious thoughts of suicide, 1.2 percent made a suicide plan and 0.6 percent attempted suicide in the past year. Among adolescents 12 to 17, 12 percent had serious thoughts of suicide, 5.3 percent made a suicide plan, and 2.5 percent attempted suicide in the past year. “SAMHSA’s annual NSDUH provides helpful data on the extent of substance use and mental health issues in the United States,” said Health and Human Services (HHS) Assistant Secretary for Mental Health and Substance Use Miriam E. Delphin-Rittmon, Ph.D., who leads SAMHSA. “These data help to guide our policy directions in addressing such priorities as addiction, suicide prevention, and the intersection of substance use and mental health issues.” Read more on this study: CLICK HERE Want to reduce stress? Get some sleep If you don’t get the right amount of sleep, your mind cannot be at its best. You won’t function properly and may make some serious mistakes. Unfortunately, stress can cause people to stay awake at night. However, getting the right amount of sleep can help eventually reduce your stress levels. To get better sleep, start exercising on a regular basis. While exercise may give you energy throughout the day, when you go to bed at night, it will help you to sleep better. You will have a quality sleep as well. Some people find that exercising in the evening causes them to be wired, and they can’t get to sleep. If you fall into this camp of people, consider doing your exercising in the morning. This way, you’ll use that energy burst throughout the day and will give you time to become tired. Try to avoid using alcohol in excess. Although this seems counterintuitive as alcohol makes you sleepy, it causes you to fall into a deep sleep. You then wake up in the middle of the night and have a difficult time getting back to sleep. Without the alcohol, your sleep will be more even and allow you to sleep throughout the night. If you feel you must have alcohol, don’t have more than one drink. See a doctor if you have sleeping problems that persist. Not getting enough sleep can lead to a decline in your health. Sleep recharges the body and allows it to function properly, including building up antibodies to fight off diseases. When you are deprived of sleep, a bunch of problems can arise because of it. Hopefully, if you do resort to seeing a doctor, he will find solutions that are not drug-dependent. This may help your sleep problems in the short term but doesn’t do much to fix the reason why you are not getting sleep. Press your doctor for alternative solutions if drugs are being prescribed. Consider learning meditation as that can relax the mind. It’s much easier to get good sleep when the mind is relaxed than when it is thinking about all the problems you are facing. Meditation won’t solve those problems. But, getting to sleep can help you to come up with solutions faster. Eating at the proper times during the day and eating the right kinds of foods, can help you to sleep better at night, as well. If you have a heavy meal right before you are going to bed, you could suffer from indigestion, which will not lead to a good sleep at all. Releasing Regrets “Long ago I wished to leave ‘The house where I was born;’ Long ago I used to grieve, My home seemed so forlorn. In other years, its silent rooms Were filled with haunting fears; Now, their very memory comes O’ercharged with tender tears…” A Poem by charlotte bronte Regret is looking back at our past with distress and sorrowful longing. We grieve over past actions done to us or that we did to others. We WISH it didn’t happen or that we could do it over again. Of course, we can’t, but regret keeps us stuck in the past filled with pain. Letting go is the process of getting unstuck and moving on in life. How we metabolize pain, in this process, is different for every person and every situation. However, you can give various forms of releasing regret a try and learn about yourself in the process. Practice Daily Gratitude Practicing daily gratitude is a great way to remind yourself of all that you have consistently. Family, friends, a home, food to eat, maybe even a cute puppy to come home to. Whatever your gratitude is toward, reminding yourself of it is a great way to reflect on the good in your life and make the regrets seem less important in the grand scheme of life. A practical application of gratitude is to use a scientifically studied exercise called 5-3-1. Every morning spend 5 minutes quieting your mind and getting grounded, write 3 things you are grateful for and do one act of kindness for someone else. Trust the Journey Reminding yourself that even the adverse events in life are part of a more significant journey allows you to see the larger picture. Yes, you regret this one mistake. But, did that one mistake lead you down a different path that had good outcomes? Everything happens for a reason. Trust that in time you will find out why that mistake or loss occurred. Having an optimistic viewpoint, however ridiculous it might seem at the moment, is helpful to unlock your thoughts and allow hope to enter them. Learn to Release Emotions Emotions in the grand scheme of life (once again; are you seeing the bigger picture yet?) are fleeting. Learning to release your feelings when they are not serving you will aid you now and in the future. Stop beating yourself up for something that happened in the past and learn to move on with a clear mind and focus. Give voice to your feelings with a good friend or therapist. Learn to journal daily. Stop being afraid of your own feelings states and allow your nervous system to regulate. Accept the Lesson Learned Situations or actions we regret typically offer us a lesson—if we are open to learning it. Accept that you learned a lesson and move on with it. Living through a challenging event means nothing if you don’t continue living and implement what you learned into your future life. Nelson Mandala is famous for saying: “I never fail. I either win, or I learn.” Keeping this perspective will guard the tender-hearted. “What If-ing” the past Doesn’t Change the Future. You are living in the land of “what ifs” is tempting. However, “what ifs” literally mean nothing in the practice of daily life. You can spend hours or even days guessing at a different outcome, but it doesn’t matter. Those what-ifs will never directly impact your future other than to steal from it. Living in the past traumatizes your present all over again. A vicious cycle continues to whirl, adding shame and fear to your life. Staying focused on the now allows you to live healthy again. Try this simple present-focused tool called “seeing red.” When you start to slip down the slope or regret, look for something red and focus on its shade, texture, smell, etc. Look for another red object and do the same. Repeat this until you feel more settled in the now. If you would like Ron Huxley to help you overcome regret and move past old pain and trauma, contact him today or schedule a session by clicking here. What to do about professional burnout? It has been said that professional social workers, therapists, and front-line workers suffer from burnout 5 times more than other professionals. Perhaps everyone has experience has some form of anxiety or stress in the last couple of years. Burnout is a real, damaging condition with several emotional symptoms. Image result for signs of burnout The signs and symptoms of burnout The emotional signs of burnout might include: • Sense of failure and self-doubt. • Feeling helpless, trapped, and defeated. • Detachment, feeling alone in the world. • Loss of motivation. • Increasingly cynical and negative outlook. • Decreased satisfaction and sense of accomplishment. Helping professionals often get their sense of identity from seeing others improve and get healthy and well. Emotionally, burnout can change helpers attitudes so they now resent or judge the people they are helping. There are many examples of long-term health or human service professionals who are just going through the motions. They are frequently irritable and grouchy, complaining about the people they are serving. They do the least amount of work possible and may even mistreat colleagues and clients. The physical symptoms of burnout also include headaches and stomachaches. Burnout people tend don’t take as good care of themselves, eating poorly, drinking too much, and don’t exercise. Consequently, they are more likely to experience obesity and heart disease. Chronic stress will result in sleep disorders, anxiety attacks, and clinical depression. Once you find yourself suffering from burnout, it can be difficult to turn your life around. Your best choice is to prevent burnout as soon as you see the warning signs. Here are a few helpful tips to avoid burnout. Photo by cottonbro on Set Boundaries No matter what your profession may be, it’s important to have boundaries. You can’t be available around the clock; this is simply impossible. So, to prevent burnout, it’s critical to establish boundaries of times you will not be available. This means that you won’t be in the office or available by phone or email during these times. If you are in a management position, it might help to post these hours somewhere or adjust your email auto-reply, so people know you will answer as soon as you are available. Helpers help, right? We are rewarded for high we perform. We get praise for productivity. We start to believe that we are our work and cannot say no. This is a common but damaging mental state. Have A Work-Life Balance Besides just setting boundaries, you need to have time to do things that aren’t workplace-related. This means you have time for your hobbies, your family, and just doing what you love. This doesn’t have to be complicated, and it could be as simple as taking one afternoon a week to go for a walk in your favorite park. Whatever it may be, it needs to be something you want to do, and you need to put your foot down if work ever tries to interfere with your time. It is no wonder that burnout destroys marriages. If you give your all to work, you have nothing left to give your partner or children. The world reinforces you for putting work first but this isn’t the correct order for physical and mental health. Some countries give more allowance for family leave, paid vacations, and publicly reward putting self and relationships over the job. These countries do not see a lower level of productivity. In fact, they have a higher employee retention and less costly turnover. Photo by Sarah Chai on Create a Social Circle We are social creatures. Our brains and nervous systems are designed to function optimally when we are in healthy relationships with others. This is true for extroverts as well as introverts. Social circles include having loving, trusting family and friends. It isn’t about the number of friends in your life. It is about the quality of those friendships. You can visualize a social circle like a target, with you in the middle, and concentric circles surrounding you. The smaller, closer circles will have people who are more intimate and highly trusted. Those in the outer circles are important for various areas of your life but are not part of the inner circle. The more people in the various circles, the more buffer you have to stress. The less number or quality of people, the more likely that stress will enter and negatively affect you. Research demonstrates that even one trusted person can dramatically decrease the negative effects of stress and so, lessen the likelihood of burnout. The 3 R’s of Burnout Recovery Sometimes you can’t avoid burnout and have to find healthy ways to cope. Try using the 3 R’s: 1. Recognize. 2. Reprioritize. 3. Redesign. 5 Finger Check In Using the signs listed above, stop and check in periodically on how you are doing physically, emotionally, mentally, relationally, and spiritually. We call this the five finger check in. Do this with your partner or co-workers on a regular basis. Be honest. Shame likes to hide issues in darkness. Expose them so you can treat them. If there are any signs of burnout in your life, make some changes as soon as possible. Reprioritizing your schedule, responsibilities, and relationships. Anything that is causing an inner drain should be seriously addressed. Redesign your life. It is never too late to change your work or how you work. Many people, over the course of the last year, have started working remotely instead of going into an office. This has dramatically improved peoples mental as well as physical health. If you don’t have many people in your social circles, start by reaching out to a professional or take a risk by joining a club or group. Make sure you have a health balance of fun in your life. Take that vacation, turn off the screens, eat a good meal. Little efforts can result in big changes in your life. If you are needing more help with stress or trauma, try the convenient courses at Feeling Hurt, Stuck, Shame? When you have experienced trauma, anything can cause emotional pain: a word, glance, or reaction. We have all experienced this in life but it can be more intense and overwhelming for people who have been traumatized. This hurt causes an inner wound that alters how we process information from people and the world around us. In the field of Attachment Research, John Bowlby, the father of Attachment Theory, states that our experiences in life become an “Internal Working Model.” The model is “internal” because it is in the thoughts, emotions, and memories. It is “working” because, while profound and resistant to change, it can change through new life experiences that result in further “models” of the self, others, and the world. Sometimes new experiences hit blockages in our minds. Our minds are habit machines that like familiarity, even if it is unhealthy or chaotic. The mind equates familiar with safe! We can become aware that we are in the way of our healing, stuck to know how to move past our own blocking beliefs or models of how life is…we want to trust others but just can’t. We want to love ourselves more and engage in self-care, but we continue to stay busy and put ourselves down. We need to set boundaries in relationships but continue to say yes when we should say no. To facilitate healing in our lives, we have to remove the blocking beliefs. Several healing practices let go or release blocking beliefs. Examples include EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), EFT (Emotional Freedom Technique or Tapping), and Forgiveness Work are evidence-based practices designed to help people work through anxiety, trauma, and stuck emotions. Ron Huxley, a trauma trainer and therapist uses three healing strategies to help people form new Internal Working Models and get “unstuck.” The first healing strategy is to calm down the brain and nervous system. This strategy allows the autonomic nervous system to balance the parasympathetic (rest and digest) and sympathetic (energizing stress) systems. There is a time for both, but most of us overuse the sympathetic system in our modern stressed-ruled society. Our bodies and minds are not designed for long-term stress responses. It will break down the immune system, create dissociative thinking, and dysregulate emotional circuits. The results on relationships can be devastating. The second healing strategy is to build new skills and competencies. Couples in conflict want to learn communication skills to improve their relationship. Although essential, if they have not worked on the first healing strategy and created a safe space for themselves and their partner, new skills won’t make a lasting difference. Once a sense of safety is created, new skills that enhance the brain’s executive functioning come forward. Executive functioning skills include self-control, impulse control, sense of self, reading social cues, planning, organization, follow-through, focused attention, and time management. Often, security is all relationships need to see self, others, and the world differently. The skills might already be in place but weren’t expressed due to overriding survival needs. The third healing strategy is deepening relationships. Once security is in place and new skills practices, we have to sustain this progress. We can rest on the fact that we have made a shift in our internal working model. We have to live it and face new challenges that might require new elements of the model. Old blocking beliefs might pop up, or triggers threaten to return us to old patterns of behavior. All three strategies may have to be revisited to stay unstuck and live in emotional freedom. Get more tools for healing at or sign up for a session with Ron Huxley today. May is Mental Health Awareness Month This past year presented so many different challenges and obstacles that tested our strength and resiliency. The global pandemic forced us to cope with situations we never even imagined, and a lot of us struggled with our mental health as a result. The good news is that there are tools and resources available that can support the well-being of individuals and communities. Now, more than ever, we need to combat the stigma surrounding mental health concerns. That’s why this Mental Health Month Ron Huxley is highlighting the what individuals can do throughout their daily lives to prioritize mental health, build resiliency, and continue to cope with the obstacles of COVID-19. Throughout the pandemic, many people who had never experienced mental health challenges found themselves struggling for the first time. During the month of May, we are focusing on different topics that can help process the events of the past year and the feelings that surround them, while also building up skills and supports that extend beyond COVID-19. We know that the past year forced many to accept tough situations that they had little to no control over. If you found that it impacted your mental health, you aren’t alone. In fact, of the almost half a million individuals that took the anxiety screening at, 79% showed symptoms of moderate to severe anxiety. However, there are practical tools that can help improve your mental health. We are focused on managing anger and frustration, recognizing when trauma may be affecting your mental health, challenging negative thinking patterns, and making time to take care of yourself. It’s important to remember that working on your mental health and finding tools that help you thrive takes time. Change won’t happen overnight. Instead, by focusing on small changes, you can move through the stressors of the past year and develop long-term strategies to support yourself on an ongoing basis. A great starting point for anyone who is ready to start prioritizing their mental health is to take a mental health screening at It’s a quick, free, and confidential way for someone to assess their mental health and begin finding hope and healing. Ultimately, during this month of May, Ron Huxley wants to remind everyone that mental illnesses are real, and recovery is possible. Check out the many mental health tools create free at the Connecting your Head to your Heart 🧠 + ❤️ A common struggle for modern people is a disconnection between the head and heart. We know one thing to be true, in our head, but we don’t feel or experience that truth, in our hearts or lives. We might have “Know-ledge” that someone love us (a partner, family, friend) but we don’t feel or experience the “know-ing.” The result of this disconnection is a wide rage of negative emotions and physiological reactions. This lack, of knowing in our hearts, is rapidly creating anxiety in the world. The manifestation is broken relationships, depression and suicidal ideations, and addiction to handle pain. A simple remedy is to reconnect the head and heart. Connecting the head to the heart allows us to live more positively! Neuroscience provides the key to reconnecting head and heart through the new science of neuroplasticity. This refers to the brains ability to reorganize into new networks and mental patterns. It used to be believed that the brain and nervous system only grew during childhood and then stopped. All our learned patterns were fixed once we were adults or at least drastically slowed down. We know know that this is not true. Learning can occur across the lifespan and the brain can reroute circuits, repattern networks, and even create new brain matter in response to new social emotional inputs, environmental influences, repeated practices, and even small amounts of psychological stress (yes, stress). The brain can also relearn skills, like speaking and motor movement, following brain damage. Because the brain can be redesigned it is called “plastic” or moldable. Children are an example of neuroplasticity. Developmentally, they are “experience-dependent” coming into the world with neuro-hardware possessing basic operating instructions but needing software or experiences from loving caregivers to program the brain and its resulting behaviors or actions. The infant brain is primed for social contact and seeks healthy attachments. If those attachments are missed or the attachment bond is frightening, as in case of abused and neglected children, the result is a child with severe emotional and behavioral disturbances. Fortunatley, if a chlid did not “inherit” a healthy attachment, an adult, through deep inner work and repairing with healthy adult partners, can “earn” their lost security. NOTE: You can learn more about attachment in our free online course at Here is a simple two-step practice that has been proven to change the brain in a positive way and connect the head to the heart: 1. Activate your head. What is you WANT to believe but don’t currently feel is true? Write this statement out on a piece of paper and say it outloud. Of course, it will not FEEL true because it is your head that is saying it, not your heart. 2. Activate your heart. Picture this statement “as if” it were true. Hold that image in your heart while you take slow, deep breaths. The breathing will keep the body from overriding the statements as not true. It just wants to protect you from hurt or disappoinment. Ignore it, or better yet, thank it for trying to protect you and continue to picture it. This is not “whoo-whoo” philosphy. This is science. Research has proven that daily expressions of gratitude create literal changes in brain structure and mental functions. This is measureable change! The brain looks for reasons to validate what it believes. If you believe that you people are rude to you, your reticular activating system (a group of neural connectsion in your brain stem that play a crucial role in maintaining behavioral arousl, direct focus, and conciousness) will filter sensor input to be congruent with the thoughts you think about yourself and your world. The brain validates what you believe! If you think people are rude, you will see rude people everwhere. They are not hard to find… If you think that people are kind and generous toward you, the reticular activating system will filter out the rude people and notice only kind and generous people. In turn, this will reinforce your knowledge of kind and generous people, and increase your knowing additional kind and generous people, developing new neural pathways in the physical brain so you have new mental capacity and memories, and new moods and behaviors will develop. If this doesn’t convince you, listen to this interesting fact: The heart is a more power, electrical object than your brain! The heart is about 100,000 times stronger electrically and up to 5000 ties stronger magnetically than the brain. Although imperceptible to us, the heart give off an electromagnetic (EEG) field that can be measured up to three feet away from our bodies. It you are depressed, angry, bitter…can others experience it whether they mentally understand it or not? Of course, they can. Ask any highly sensitive person and they will tell you how challenging it is to be in a room with another sad or angry person. The emotional field will shift their emotional state as well unless they mentally (head and hearts connection again) rehearse this this feeling is not their but belongs to others. Here’s another fact: The heart is not just a blood-pumping organ, it is a sensory organ. It acts as a “sophisticated information encoding and processing center that enables it to learn, remember, and make independent functional decisions.” An emotion is e-motion or energy in motion. It is not just thoughts, in our head, that direct our lives. Our heart is an important area of personal and spiritual growth as well. We need it to have healthy relationships, make successful business decisions, and overcome traumatic events. This latter area is called “neuroresilience” as is a term coined by Ron Huxley in his online course: It is really time to stop using our heads without connecting our hearts. Use the two-step practice, allow the principle of neuroplasticity to affect new change, and find more freedom in thoughts and emotions. Use all the courses available for the head and the heart at
What is Arbitration and Mediation? Arbitration may be defined as the process by which a dispute or difference between two or more parties as to their mutual legal rights and liabilities is referred to and determined judicially and with binding effect by the application of law by one or more persons (the arbitral tribunal) instead of by a court of law. Arbitration is only an alternative to litigation and it does not replace the judicial machinery in all aspects, rather it co-exists with it. Mediation is an alternative method of resolving disputes without resorting to the courts. It is a structured, voluntary and interactive negotiation process where a neutral third-party uses specialized communication and negotiation techniques to help the parties in fulfilling their stated objectives. As a party-centred process, it focuses on the interests, needs and rights of the parties. Arbitration and Mediation Services Provided by Shruti Desai & Co.: Arbitrator in commercial and property matters. Commissioner for Recording Evidence Counsel in Arbitration Commercial Arbitration Arbitration of engineering contract Property Arbitration Family Arbitration Mediation referred by Court
Squash Blossoms Food Type: Age Suggestion: 6 months + • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 Poop Friendly:Whether a food has qualities that help baby poop. Yes Common Allergen: No Jump to Recipe ↓ a small pile of fresh squash blossoms for babies starting solids on a white background When can babies eat squash blossoms? Squash blossoms may be introduced as soon as baby is ready to start solids, which is generally around 6 months of age. Take care when introducing squash blossoms, as whole flowers can pose a choking risk. Where do squash blossoms come from? Squash blossoms transform from edible flowers to plump gourds when left to grow on the vine. From butternut squash to chayote to cucumber, there are as many different kinds of blossoms as there are squash in the plant’s sprawling family tree. Humans have been eating squash since Indigenous peoples learned to cultivate the native fruit in Mesoamerica, and European colonization and global trade later brought the seeds worldwide, where they were bred into the hundreds of gourd, pumpkin, and squash varieties that exist today. One of the most beloved blooms comes from the variety known as zucchini. Also called courgette flower, flor de calabaza, and marrow flower, zucchini flowers are highly perishable, so look for them at local farmer’s markets rather than national chain stores. Are squash blossoms healthy for babies? Yes. Squash blossoms contain some folate, a B-vitamin that supports neurological development, as well as small amounts of protein and a number of trace minerals that contribute to the healthy function of many body systems. That said, these edible flowers are overall low in calories and other nutrients needed for healthy growth, so they are best used as one component of nutrient-dense meals for babies and children. If you would like to cook with squash blossoms but they aren’t in season, you may be able to find them canned. Canned produce is often high in sodium, so drain and rinse canned squash blossoms before cooking to try to reduce sodium levels.1 ★Tip: Use fresh squash blossoms soon after purchasing or harvesting, ideally the same day, as they are delicate and have a short shelf-life. Store blossoms on a baking sheet, lined with paper towels to absorb excess moisture, in the fridge. Are squash blossoms a common choking hazard for babies? Yes. Whole flowers, when left intact, are potential choking hazards as they can be challenging to chew. To minimize the risk, chop squash blossoms before offering to babies. As always, make sure you create a safe eating environment and stay within an arm’s reach of baby during meals. For more information on choking, visit our sections on gagging and choking and familiarize yourself with the list of common choking hazards. Are squash blossoms a common allergen? No. Allergies to squash blossoms are rare, though individuals who are allergic to Cucurbitaceae fruits (such as cucumber, zucchini, pumpkin, muskmelon, or watermelon) may be sensitive to squash blossoms.2 How do you introduce squash blossoms to babies with baby-led weaning? 6 to 12 months old: Finely chop squash blossoms, then fold them into other foods, from bean burgers or egg dishes to soft scoopable foods like corn grits, mashed vegetables, or yogurt. Mash the finely chopped squash blossom into goat cheese, ricotta cheese, or unsalted butter for a tangy topping to spread on a teething rusk, thin rice cake, or toast. Uncooked squash blossom, when chopped, shouldn’t pose any additional choking risk, but if the texture makes you uncomfortable, cook thoroughly prior to mixing. 12 to 24 months old: Continue serving finely chopped squash blossoms in balls, patties, stewed meats, and scoopable foods like grain porridges, mashed vegetables, and spreads. As a child’s chewing skills become more coordinated and you gain confidence in their ability to chew and either swallow or spit out food, you might try offering a whole squash blossom. It’s okay if the child chews and spits out the food at first—they are learning! Coach the child by modeling how to bite and fully chew a food like raw squash blossom. Showing how it’s done by eating alongside the child can go a long way towards helping a toddler learn. At this age, you can also introduce the occasional fried squash blossom, cut into bite-sized pieces, although it is best to keep fried foods like this to a minimum. If you need some visual reminders of what to do and what not to do with baby at the table, print our Do’s & Don’ts of Raising a Happy, Independent Eater tip sheet. What are recipe ideas for cooking with squash blossoms? From the fiori di zucca in Italy to the hobak-kkok jeon in Korea to the kabak çiçeği in Turkey, cooks like to stuff squash blossoms with cheese, meat, or rice, then batter and fry the blooms in hot oil. It’s best to limit fried and salty foods like these for babies and toddlers, but there are lots of ways for the whole family to enjoy squash blossoms. Squash blossoms can be eaten raw or cooked. When raw, squash blossoms add a delicate grassy taste to herb butters, cheese spreads, grains and pastas, and salads. The flavor mellows once cooked into baked goods, egg dishes, pupusas, stews, and vegetable stir-fries. One easy recipe to get you started: a frittata inspired by the delicious flavors of tlayuda de flor de calabaza, a quesadilla with squash blossom and quesillo found in the open-air markets in Oaxaca, Mexico. Recipe: Squash Blossom, Potato, and Goat Cheese Frittata Yield: 8-10 slices Cook Time: 30 minutes Age: 6 months+ • 10-12 squash blossoms • 3 medium waxy potatoes • 10 large eggs • 2 tablespoons (30 milliliters) olive oil • 4 ounces (113 grams) fresh pasteurized goat cheese This recipe contains common allergens: egg and dairy (goat cheese). Only serve to a child after these allergens have been safely introduced. 1. Pre-heat the oven to 375 degrees Fahrenheit (191 degrees Celsius). 2. Wash the squash blossoms, gently opening each one to discard any bugs that came along for the ride. Dry the blossoms, then cut off and discard the stems. Decide whether you’d like to keep the blossoms whole or chopped. Finely chopped squash blossoms are easier for young babies who are just starting solids, while whole blossoms are helpful for biting and chewing practice. Set the blossoms aside. 3. Peel and chop the potatoes into bite-sized pieces. Add the potatoes to a pot and add enough water to cover them by 1 inch. Bring the pot of water to a boil, then lower the heat to create a gentle simmer. Cook, uncovered, until the potatoes are tender, about 10 minutes. Drain, then let the potatoes cool slightly. 4. Whisk the eggs to combine the yolks with the whites. Add the cooled potatoes. 5. Warm the oil in an oven-safe skillet set on medium-low heat. When the oil shimmers, pour in the egg-potato mixture, taking care to evenly distribute the potatoes around the skillet. Cook until the eggs begin to set around the edge of the skillet, about 3 minutes. 6. Sprinkle dollops of goat cheese and the squash blossoms on top of the frittata. If you are using whole blossoms, you can lay them in a circle with the green parts pointed toward the center to make a flower pattern. Transfer the skillet to the oven and bake the frittata for 18 minutes. Check that the eggs have set: a knife inserted in the center will show no loose eggs. When the frittata is done, remove it from the oven and let rest for 5 minutes. 7. Cut the frittata into wedges, then set aside 1 or 2 wedges for baby. Exact serving size is variable. Let a child’s appetite determine how much is eaten. Cut baby’s wedges into strips about the size of two adult fingers pressed together, then set aside to cool to room temperature. 8. Serve the frittata as finger food for baby and let the child self-feed by scooping with hands. To encourage the use of a utensil, simply preload a utensil and rest it next to the food for baby to try to pick up. Alternatively, pass the preloaded utensil in the air for baby to grab. To Store: Squash Blossom, Potato, and Goat Cheese Frittata keeps in an air-tight container in the fridge for 4 days. Flavor Pairings Squash blossoms pair well with the flavors of chicken, corn, kidney bean, nopales, quesillo de hebra, and rice. Reviewed by E. Cerda, MSN, CNS, LDN A. Gilbaugh, RD, CNSC Dr. S. Bajowala, MD, FAAAAI. Board-Certified Allergist & Immunologist (allergy section) Dr. R. Ruiz, MD, FAAP. Board-Certified General Pediatrician & Pediatric Gastroenterologist 1. Vermeulen, R. T., Sedor, F. A., & Kimm, S. Y. (1983). Effect of water rinsing on sodium content of selected foods. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 82(4), 394–396. Retrieved November 24, 2021. 2. Figueredo, E., Cuesta-Herranz, J., Minguez, A., Vidarte, L., Pastor, C., de las Heras, M., Vivanco, F., & Lahoz, C. (2000). Allergy to pumpkin and cross-reactivity to other Cucurbitaceae fruits. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 106(2), 402–403. DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.108109. Retrieved November 24, 2021
Signals and systems are very important courses in some of the engineering programs. Engineering students do not only study one subject related to it but they are offered many subjects and difficulty levels increased after every semester. The next course is more difficult than the previous one. The issue is that one subject is the prerequisite of the other. If you cannot be able to perform well in one subject then the whole course will be affected. These courses are offered because there are many applications in practical life. If students will not study these courses then they will not perform well when to go for jobs or other practical life problems. They are used in speech recognition, image processing, audio coding, and also video coding. You can see that we receive many signals from space every day. These signals are decoded to see that what is happening in outer space. The sounds that are received from space cannot be understood by human beings. Different operations are applied to them to make them easier to understand. So, you also cannot neglect the importance of this course. Let’s discuss it in detail. How Hard are Signals and Systems? signal and systems Signal and system is a hard course and also cause the failure of students. The simple answer is that it is as much tough that you can get an F grade in an exam and there are also chances that if you improve the course and gain cannot get a good grade. This is because of its different concepts and you need different techniques to solve the questions of this course. We study probability, convolution, time signals, discrete and continuous-time signals, and many complex formulas are applied to solve them. Knowledge of limits and graphs are also applied in it. You also need to know MATLAB for making graphs and analyzing different signals. The concepts like Fourier series and z transforms are also applied in it which has different methods and tough formulas. In our class electrical engineering, there was about 20% of students failed the course and they cannot able to register for the subject in the next semester. Some students earned C and D grades in it. This thing clear the toughness of the course. In this course, if you have one example and apply the specific condition to it to solve the problem then in the next example the different conditions will be applied. So, you cannot do it by only learning them. When the question comes into the exam many conditions will mix in your mind and you will not able to analyze the answer of the question and your question will be wrong. The major reason is that students only learn theory. Theory cannot explain all the things to us. Just like electric circuits subject. This subject describes to us that from where the current starts from the circuit and where it ends. Different sources are also analyzed which are applied for the completion of the circuit. The experiments with power, resistance, and voltage sources are done in these courses. So, this course needs a lot of practical things. Many universities offer electric circuit labs for a better understanding of the subject. It is also an important thing because only learning some formulas without knowing anything will not be helpful to you. Same in the case of signal and systems no practical work is offered by most of the universities. Students only learn things they do not able to perform the things. So, they cannot able to develop that level of thinking. The student should be taught practically how the signal is passing and which formula will be applied under the specific condition and applying the formula to find the specific value. This thing can make everything easy for students. The other thing that causes the failure of students is not practicing or learning all the conditions. There will be a specific table given in the book which will tell you that if a question will come in a specific manner then you can apply the formula. In this way after doing practical work on how signals are being processed or converted into different forms and learning all the formulas which are applied to them by practicing everything will be clear to you. Some students need a lot of practice to pass this course but after giving a little time they think that this is enough for them to get good marks. Every person has a different type of mind. Some can pick the explained things easily and some take time to understand it. As this course is new for most people then investing low time in it can cause problems. I hope you can understand things. If you have any questions related to it then you can comment below. Leave a Reply
Best answer: Which energy resource is most popular in Denmark? Wind provided 57% of the electricity generated in Denmark in 2019, and at least 47% of Denmark’s total electricity consumption in 2019. What is Denmark’s main source of energy? Denmark generates about 20% of its electricity from coal, and over 45% from wind. Each half of the country is part of separate major electrical grids. What is the source of most of the renewable energy in Denmark? More than two-thirds of Denmark’s renewable energy comes from bioenergy, which is energy stored in organic material or biomass. Agriculture is big business in Denmark, and it indirectly helps provide energy too, with manure, animal fats, and straw used as the basis for biogas and liquid biofuels. How much of Denmark’s energy is renewable? Overview. Denmark has a long tradition of developing and using renewable energy. Electricity derived from renewable energy has reached 67 percent of the electricity supply (wind energy contributes 46.8 percent while biomass contributes 11.2 percent). What is the natural resources of Denmark? Arable land and fishing are some of Denmark’s most important natural resources. The country also has a small quarrying and mining sector. The resources in existence in Denmark’s underground include clay, gravel, oil, natural gas, limestone, and chalk. THIS IS INTERESTING: Question: Are there a lot of Scottish people in New Zealand? Does Denmark export energy? Denmark exported 9,919,000 MWh of electricity in 2016. Why does Denmark use wind energy? Renewable energy became the natural choice for Denmark, decreasing both dependence on other countries for energy and global warming pollution. Many countries tried to subsidize green technology such as wind power, and most failed to make a viable industry. How is Denmark Green? Today, 50% of electricity in Denmark is supplied by wind and solar power. … These last few decades of developing wind power and renewable energy have put Denmark at the very front when it comes to green transition in the energy sector. ”In many larger countries Denmark is almost considered a little laboratory. How much of Denmark’s energy is from wind? As of 2019, over 47 percent of the total electricity consumption in Denmark was covered by wind power. This was an increase from the previous year, when the coverage had reached 40.5 percent. Why is Denmark so clean? Denmark uses different teams of environmental experts, new technologies and a preventative approach to pollution. This has led to success in providing sanitation and clean water to its citizens. What country has the most renewable energy? Leading countries in installed renewable energy capacity worldwide in 2020 (in gigawatts) Characteristic Capacity in gigawatts China 895 U.S. 292 Brazil 150 India 134 What are Denmark main agricultural products? More than half of the cultivated land is devoted to cereals, with barley and wheat accounting for a large percentage of the total grain harvest. Sugar beets are another leading crop. Oats, rye, turnips, and potatoes are grown in western Jutland, where the soil is less fertile. THIS IS INTERESTING: Your question: What do Norwegians normally eat? What is the main industry in Denmark? Economy of Denmark What is Denmark’s biggest industry? Biggest Industries In Denmark • Agriculture. More than 60 percent of the total area of Denmark is used for agricultural purposes. … • Tourism. The tourism industry of Denmark contributes around 125 billion dollars of revenue in the country’s economy. … • Energy. … • Transportation.
It seems to us, everyone from child to old man has already discussed this phenomenon. De facto there are a lot of newbies who have not heard about it yet or comprehend it like a chinese whisper. To change this state of things, we will tell you about cryptocurrency and the way it emerged. What is cryptocurrency? Cryptocurrency is a non-paper form of money and medium of exchange, which exists in a digital world. “Crypto” means it utilizes cryptography for security purposes. Cryptographic protocols encrypt (verify), control and secure existing, and emerging transactions’ data. In simple terms, cryptocurrency is just lines of computer codes. These codes have limits that depend on the type of currency and the blockchain system it’s allocated in. What is blockchain and blockchain technology? “Blockchain is the world’s leading software platform for digital assets” – states The blockchain (public ledger) is a place or database where all the transactions are written and move. Blockchain technology ensures cryptographic protocols, and the cryptocurrency becomes the thing which can not be controlled by a single person or a group of people, it can’t be duplicated, broken and counterfeit. Who invented cryptocurrency? How did the concept of cryptocurrency emerge? Right from the time of Internet and boom in 90’s, and even earlier. In 80’s American cryptographer David Chaum introduced a “blinding” algorithm enabling existence of “blinded money”. As a result, the DigiCash company emerged in the Netherlands and DigiCash was the pioneer in producing currency based on the blinding algorithm. Another example, Beenz – the company existed from 1998 to 2002 and worked as a website providing customers with Beenz. Beenz was the form of digital currency for purchasing things online and for visiting websites. Beenz and similar companies failed because of financial, political and governmental issues, fraud and scam. The leading reason for their failure was dependence on a third-party companies that were used to secure and verify transactions. Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? In 2009 a person or a group of programmers called Satoshi Nakamoto announced and outlined in a white paper Bitcoin. Actually, no one knows who is Satoshi and if he ever existed. There are a lot of theories and thoughts on this enigma. Bitcoin wasn’t described as cryptocurrency but more as a network for file sharing, it was a “peer-to-peer electronic cash system”. Inside of Bitcoin network, the Bitcoin (BTC) cryptocurrency circulates. Prime advantages of the Bitcoin are its decentralized nature, user anonymity, data-storing inside the blockchain, no possibility for double-spending, and finite supply. Why is the finite supply a benefit? Scarcity or limited quantity of cryptocurrency units makes it non-inflationary as precious metals. Thus, scarcity supports the value. By the way, only 21 million Bitcoins could ever exist. Today (06/12/2018) there are more than 17 million Bitcoins in circulation. How to create cryptocurrency? Bitcoins and other cryptos are not created, they are mined. What is cryptocurrency mining? Mining – is the process of Bitcoin “birth” produced via solving computationally difficult tasks by powerful computers. Besides, cryptocurrencies mining relates to adding transactions’ info into the blockchain and verifying them by miners. Everyone can become a miner. All miners are rewarded for every block they solve, and for every transaction they check. The amount of the reward changes every 4 years: in 2009 you could get 50BTC, in 2012 it halved and became 25BTC, in 2017 it is 12.5BTC. Sounds easy? No, it’s not easy. Every 2016 blocks (it is nearly every 2 weeks) the algorithms which should be solved by miners adjust in difficulty, the mining appears to be harder and harder. Halving allows Bitcoin to be decentralized, non controlled by central banks and governments, and predictably created. You might also hear about “hash” or “hashing”. What is hashing? In order to stay safe, the blockchain accepts only validated transactions. Validated transactions are encrypted with algorithmic hashing. Hash – is a line of letters and numbers that do not show the real data of the transaction. Different types of cryptocurrency algorithms There are many different hashing algorithms utilized by miners to secure transactions. The most common cryptocurrency mining hash algorithms are: SHA-256 (Secure Hash Algorithm): is used in Bitcoin network for mining and in the creation of bitcoin addresses. Scrypt: cryptocurrency mining algorithm used as a proof-of-work scheme in Litecoin network. X11: hash algorithm used by Dash miners. Cryptonight: proof-of-work algorithm used for mining BipCoin, BikerCoin, AeonCoin, CherryNote and others. Dagger Hashimoto: hashing algorithm used in Ethereum network. Top 7 cryptocurrencies to mine and invest in 2018 The intrinsic development of blockchain and cryptocurrency influenced many minds. People around the world want to buy Bitcoin and to make money on it. Note: Talking about cryptocurrency as about trend we do not perceive it as a way of enrichment only, for TRASTRA cryptocurrency and global blockchain technologies are parts of future. We do not force you to invest or to mine digital currency, because it is volatile and risky, we just share our personal thoughts. There are more than 2000 coins today. Although what are the top cryptocurrencies to mine and invest in 2018? Ethereum (ETH) – the blockchain network and cryptocurrency created by Vitalik Buterin in 2013. Ether (coin) fuels the Ethereum network (payment method inside Ethereum) and is used as a tradable cryptocurrency. Ethereum got %13,000 growth in value in 2017. This cryptocurrency is the second in the list of most market capped coins. , How and why did cryptocurrency emerge? Bitcoin (BTC) – no need to tell it twice, the most market capped cryptocurrency of 2017, the gold of the digital assets world. , How and why did cryptocurrency emerge? BitcoinCash (BCH) – peer-to-peer electronic cash, cryptocurrency created via fork of the Bitcoin network. The difference between BTC and BCH is that the BCH block size is 8 times bigger than the block of BTC, therefore the BCH protocol allows a larger quantity of transactions per second, the payments are faster and the fees are lower. , How and why did cryptocurrency emerge? Ripple (XRP) – released in 2012, it is a remittance network, RTGS and cryptocurrency exchange. The main benefit of Ripple is that it does not rely on the energy and proof-of-work as Bitcoin does. Transactions are instant and direct. The Ripple network and XRP token were created for enterprises and companies, that is why payment providers like it. , How and why did cryptocurrency emerge? Litecoin (LTC) – invented by the Google employee Charlie Lie in 2011. It is fast in transaction processing because it makes it every 2.5 minutes. As Bitcoin and Ethereum, the Litecoin increased in value in 2017. , How and why did cryptocurrency emerge? Digital Cash (Dash) – on of the world’s top crypto, created in 2015. Dash operates nearly USD 100 million transactions every day and has one of the highest Market Caps. , How and why did cryptocurrency emerge? IOTA (MIOTA) – one of the most talked projects in 2018, created by David Sønstebø, Sergey Ivancheglo, Dominik Schiener, and Dr. Serguei Popov in 2015. Thanks to the unique blockchain engineering, IOTA seeks to be the best mainstream form of payment for startups, to get integrated with IOT ecosystem. , How and why did cryptocurrency emerge? You know what? There are many “national” cryptocurrencies: Petro (Venezuela), CryptoRubl (Russia), Estcoin (Estonia). Some entrepreneurs think all currencies will have a digital form in the nearest times: “There’s a future coming that complete disrupts what we know today. I see a different future where central banks are issuing digital dollars … a new economic age of digital dollars.” By quoting here Gabriel Abed, the Bitt founder, we would like to underline the main aim of TRASTRA company: TRASTRA seeks to make digital currency easy usable in day-to-day life for everyone. We provide customers with trusted banking where they can easily buy and sell crypto in Multi-Sig Bitcoin and Ethereum wallets, Payment Accounts with Personal IBAN to cash out crypto and make crypto-fiat exchanges on market rates. Visit our FAQ or contact TRASTRA support to know more. Please NOTE, Payment account with IBAN is temporarily unavailable.
Louis Armstrong Louis Armstrong Born: 4th August 1901 Died: 6th July 1971 Birth Place: United States Known for: Being a trumpet player and composer. Armstrong was an influential musician and composer. Some critics call him the first great jazz soloist. He is known for his powerful, ‘gravelly’, and iconic voice. Louis Armstrong Life story Young musician Around 1922, Louis Armstrong followed his mentor, Joe King Oliver, to Chicago to play in the Creole Jazz Band. He then moved to New York to join Fletcher Henderson’s band, and introduced the concept of swing music through his solo parts. Armstrong had a great influence on Fletcher, and helped transform his band into what is generally regarded as the first jazz big band. However, his southern background didn’t mesh well with the city lifestyle of Fletcher’s other musicians, who gave Armstrong a hard time. Fletcher also prohibited Armstrong from singing, fearing that his rough vocals would be too coarse for the audiences at the Roseland Ballroom. Recording career Okeh Records began letting Armstrong record popular songs of the day. His daring vocals completely changed the concept of singing in American popular music, and had lasting effects on all singers who came after him. After spending many years on the road, Armstrong settled permanently in New York in 1943 with his fourth wife, Lucille. Over the next thirty years, he played more than 300 performances a year. Armstrong kept touring well into his sixties, even visiting part of the communist bloc in 1965. By 1968, he was approaching seventy and his health began to fade. He made his last recorded trumpet performances on his 1968 album Disney Songs the Satchmo Way. Armstrong was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1972, after his death. What were some of the problems Louis faced working with Fletcher Henderson? What did Okeh records allow Louis to do, and what was the effect of this? What were some of the things Louis achieved later on in his life? Keep exploring!
Difference between revisions of "Solar Geoengineering" Jump to navigation Jump to search Solar geoengineering, much like the greenhouse gases causing climate change, shifts the balance between how much heat the Earth absorbs and how much it releases. The difference is that it is done deliberately, and in the opposite direction. The most common umbrella strategy is to make the Earth more reflective, keeping heat out, though there are also methods of helping heat escape (besides CO2 removal, which is discussed in [[Forestry and Other Land Use]]). == Data ==
The James Webb Space Telescope — NASA's big hope and big gamble — is planned for launch on Christmas NASA's James Webb Space Telescope from Greenbelt, MD, USA, CC BY 2.0 <>, via Wikimedia Commons NASA and space launch firm Arianespace have confirmed a launch date of December 25, at 7:20 AM Eastern Time, for the James Webb Space Telescope. On Thursday morning, the Ariane 5 rocket, with the telescope folded and stowed inside the payload fairings, left the assembly building at the launch facility in French Guiana and headed toward the pad. All indications are that, after more than two decades of planning, manufacture, setbacks, delays, cost overruns, and the eventual expenditure of over $10 billion, the most powerful instrument ever launched is finally about to take flight. The complexity of the JWST is astounding. Rather than a single mirror, as in Hubble, Webb will have a 6.5m- (21’) wide mirror composed of 18 hexagonal gold-coated beryllium plates. Because the mirror is too large for any existing rocket, it will travel folded up, and deploy only when the telescope arrives on station. Unlike Hubble, that station won’t be in close orbit around Earth. Instead, Webb is bound for a point 1,500,000 km (930,000 miles) from Earth known as Lagrange Point 2 (L2), a spot where the gravity of the Earth and Sun are balanced so that anything near that spot can remain in orbit, holding position relative to Earth with minimum expenditure of energy. It’s critical that Webb get away from Earth expressly because it’s an instrument that is designed to work mostly in the infrared—in the range of wavelengths we call “heat.” It’s going 1.5 million kilometers away, to an orbit where the Earth is eternally positioned between the telescope and the sun. There it will set, with its back to both Earth and Sun, as it deploys not just the folding mirror, but a whole series of massive sunshields, designed to keep heat from reaching the instruments. To work, Webb needs to be cold. Very cold. As in −223.2° C (−369.7° F) cold. Any warmer, and the delicate instruments will be overwhelmed; even damaged. One instrument has to be even cooler, just 7° C away from absolute zero, requiring an innovative “cryocooler” that cost $150 million to develop. The Christmas launch is just the beginning of what NASA describes as “344 single points of failure,” every one of which must go right. There are no second chances. Because where Webb is going, there is no possibility of sending a repair crew. After Hubble was launched in 1990, scientists discovered that the telescope’s mirror was slightly off, making the instrument’s images blurry and blunting its ability to make discoveries. That original launch of Hubble was supposed to happen in 1983, but the technical challenges that would befuddle the team behind Webb also appeared 30 years earlier, constantly delaying Hubble and requiring additional funds and testing. Despite all that time and testing, they still had an issue. Starting in 1993 and continuing until 2009, NASA conducted four servicing missions that were, and still are, one of the great triumphs of crewed space flight. In those missions, the telescope was given “corrective lenses” to account for the slight distortion in the mirror. The servicing missions also mounted new and improved instruments, some of which included technology not even available when the telescope was launched. The missions require both the space shuttle and the astronauts to work at the limits of their abilities, and the result of that work were images and data that have generated both wonder and a new understanding of the universe. But Hubble is limited. Because its primary instrument is designed mostly to collect visible light (i.e. the same spectrum of light that humans see), it can’t peer back into the earliest eras of the universe. That’s because light tends to get “red-shifted” by the expansion of the universe. Light that was visible light in the first billion years of the universe is now pushed by distance and speed in the deep infrared, making it invisible to Hubble. The size of Hubble’s mirror also limits the resolution of objects that it might pick up, making things like the faint light reflected by planets around other stars outside its reach. And finally, Hubble’s location in Earth’s orbit limits the area of the sky it can search, as well as subjecting the instruments to a wash of light, drastic changes in temperature, and other forms of interference. Webb is designed to see into the infrared, giving it the ability to detect objects as old as 100 million years after the origin of the universe. Its larger mirror means it can gather more light, allowing it to image objects that are too faint for Hubble. Its distant, protected position will allow it to operate without “light pollution” from Earth and Sun, allowing its observations to be even more sensitive. NASA's James Webb Space Telescope – Official Mission Trailer The Webb isn’t the first large infrared telescope to be sent into space. In 2009, the European Space Agency launched the Herschel Space Observatory as part of a joint mission with NASA. That telescope had a 3.5-meter mirror—larger than Hubble’s, but considerably smaller than that of Webb. Herschel was also sent out to the L2 point, keeping it distant from Earth and not subject to the heating and cooling that happens when satellites in low Earth orbit. However, rather than carrying the series of heat shields that will protect Webb’s instruments, Herschel was cooled by a tank of liquid helium. Four years into the mission, that cooling simply … ran out of cool. The instruments failed on April 29, 2013. Since then, astronomers have been waiting, not-at-all patiently, for the launch that will finally come on Christmas. After over 25 years of development, the anticipation for Webb is enormous. Hundreds of scientists have constructed theories that are waiting for data from Webb to be tested. Scientists are anticipating the potential to learn about everything from the early days of the universe to the potential for habitable worlds and the nature of dark matter. To say that thousands of careers are dependent on what happens over the next few days is a big underestimate of just how vital this instrument is to astronomers and others around the world. For a decade, a full quarter of all NASA spending has been dedicated to this one mission. This one tool. With the cost, the complexity, and the out-there orbit, the JWST is a “one shot.” If everything goes right, it could—it will—offer a much deeper understanding of the universe, unprecedented views of the largest and most distant structures, and discoveries that have not yet been contemplated. Or one of the 344 must-pass events will fail. And we get nothing. There is no chance for a repair mission. There is no back-up Webb waiting in the wings. It launches on Christmas, and it works. Or it fails, and who knows when another opportunity will come. The Insane Engineering of James Webb Telescope Launch will be far from the end of the perils for JWST. Even though it is scheduled to launch on Christmas Day, it won’t begin to operate until the summer of 2022. Over a six-month period, the telescope, and the “bus” that carries it, will go through that long list of can’t-fail tasks. That includes deploying those enormous, and almost impossibly delicate, sun shields, as well a kind of reverse-origami unfolding of the telescope’s hexagonal mirror tiles. So while scientists will certainly cheer the launch of JWST and feel enormous relief that it’s finally on its way, this is far from the end. There’s going to be a lot of anticipation, and anxiety, over the next few months as Webb gets ready for its debut. On Thursday morning, Atlantic space reporter Marina Korin is providing regular updates as the Ariane 5 heads for the pad. Though everything looks good at the moment and the Ariane has proven to be a highly-reliable launch vehicle, there is still the possibility of last-minute delays. NASA has already set up a stream and will provide live coverage of the launch. A wealth of additional information is available on the mission page. Cross your fingers. And maybe wish upon this rising star. James Webb Space Telescope Launch — Official NASA Broadcast Note: In March of this year, an article in Scientific American called on NASA to find a new name for the James Webb Space Telescope. The observatory is currently named for James Webb, who served as NASA administrator during the Apollo program. However, Webb also worked at the State Department in the 1950s where he involved in psychological warfare during the Cold War. In addition, he engaged in policies, both in the State Department and at NASA, intent on purging LGBT employees and researchers. However, Webb’s role in these policies seems to be one of enforcement, not origination. Other scientists inside and outside of NASA have pushed to preserve his name, praising the role he played in the early space program and his efforts in promoting space-based science. The controversy around the name continues, and there is some possibility that the observatory may be renamed in the future. Understand the importance of honest news ? 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Keyword Analysis & Research: hybrid animals game Keyword Analysis Keyword Research: People who searched hybrid animals game also searched Frequently Asked Questions What are some real hybrid animals? Take a look at these 8 real life incredible animal hybrids. 1. Ligers and Tigons. Lion and tiger hybrids come in two forms- when the father is a lion and the mother a tiger the offspring is a liger, and vice versa for a tigon. What are the advantages of hybrid animals? Advantages of hybridization include passing along favorable traits and prolonging the survival of a threatened or endangered species, but a disadvantage is that hybrid animals have more difficulty finding mates and successfully breeding. Hybridization occurs naturally and through human initiation. Do hybrid animals really exist? Hybrid animals do exist. They can come naturally, but it happens when the possible sperm and egg of the parent animals are able to produce a surviving embryo. Definition of embryo: an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development. -Hybrid animals are nice to look at,... What is an example of a hybrid animal? Animals. Mule, a cross of female horse and a male donkey. Hinny, a cross between a female donkey and a male horse. Mule and hinny are examples of reciprocal hybrids. Search Results related to hybrid animals game on Search Engine
For more than 1500 years the Taoist tradition of the Urban Daoist (Serge Augier), Ba Men Da Xuan, has preserved and transmitted its ancient practices for the development of the human being. Our practices focus on the three core areas of body, mind and breath, combining methods to develop ourselves physically, mentally and energetically. Taoism (or daoism) originates in China, with it's roots in the indigenous shamanic practices of the culture, and is commonly held to have been formalised in the 6th century BC culminating in Lao Tzu's classic work 'Tao Te Ching'. A practical philosophy, Taoism teaches us about the way or 'Tao', through the concept of duality, Yin and Yang, and the principles of non-resistance, going with the changes of the world. Da Xuan is a uniquely complete system in the modern world. Handed down orally through a clan structure, the school contains the classic internal arts for health and self defence (Tai Chi, Xing Yi, Bagua), Neidan (internal alchemy) for energetic development, Shengong (mind training), Xin Yi Dao Yin Fa (emotional work) and Neigong (internal exercise). It also containes a wide range of practical academic studies, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daoist medicine, Feng Shui, Bazi, I-Ching, Magick, Taoist sexual practices and more.
clock menu more-arrow no yes Filed under: How to tell the difference between the common cold and the omicron variant The common cold and the omicron variant might produce similar symptoms. Here’s how to tell the difference Travelers get tested for COVID-19. Travelers wait in line to get tested for COVID-19 at Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, Monday, Dec. 20, 2021 Jae C. Hong, Associated Press The omicron variant of the coronavirus has become the dominant strain in the United States, arriving at a time where the flu and common colds are running rampant. • So how do you distinguish between the two? Dr. Lisa Barrett, an infectious disease specialist at Dalhousie University in Halifax, told Yahoo! News that it’s not easy to distinguish the omicron variant symptoms from the common cold. • The only COVID-19 symptom that doesn’t show up with a common cold is the loss of smell, Barrett said, but that’s not a “useful tool to differentiate between the two.” • That’s why self-diagnosis is not a safe option for finding out if you have COVID-19. Getting a COVID-19 test is the best way to determine if you’re infected with the omicron variant. The omicron variant will appear more like the common cold because it likely acquired a mutation — from a snippet of genetic material that is normally found in the common cold, according to Reuters.
Words related to power Proto-Indo-European root meaning "powerful; lord." It forms all or part of: bashaw; compos mentis; despot; hospodar; host (n.1) "person who receives guests;" idempotent; impotent; omnipotent; pasha; plenipotentiary; posse; possess; possible; potence; potency; potent; potentate; potential; potentiate; potentiometer; power; totipotent It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit patih "master, husband;" Greek posis, Lithuanian patis "husband;" Latin potis "powerful, able, capable; possible." empower (v.) "to give power or authority to," 1650s, also impower, from assimilated form of en- (1) + power (n.). Used by Milton, Beaumont, Pope, Jefferson, Macaulay, but the modern popularity dates from 1986. Related: Empowered; empowering. firepower (n.) also fire-power "effectiveness of military fire," 1891, from fire (n.) + power (n.). horsepower (n.) also horse-power, unit for measurement of the rate at which a motor works, 1805, from horse (n.) + power (n.); established by Watt as the power needed to lift 33,000 pounds one foot in one minute, which actually is about 1.5 times the power of a strong horse. Much abused in 19c. technical writing as "very fallacious," "shockingly unscientific," etc. hydropower (n.) "hydroelectric power," 1922, from hydro- (short for hydro-electric) + power (n.). manpower (n.) also man-power, 1855, "the power of a man in work," from man (n.) + power (n.). Proposed in 1824 as a specific unit of measure of power. From 1917 as "the number of persons available for some purpose." power-broker (n.) "one who by intrigue exerts influence on the distribution of political power," 1961, apparently coined by (or at least popularized by) T.H. White in reference to the 1960 U.S. presidential election; from power (n.) + broker (n.). powerful (adj.) c. 1400, pouerful, "mighty, having great strength or power," from power (n.) + -ful. Sense of "capable of exerting great force or power" is from 1580s. Meaning "of great quality or number" is from 1811; hence the colloquial sense of "exceedingly, extremely" (adv.) is from 1822. Thornton ("American Glossary") notes powerful, along with monstrous, as "Much used by common people in the sense of very," and cites curious expressions such as devilish good, monstrous pretty (1799), dreadful polite, cruel pretty, abominable fine (1803), "or when a young lady admires a lap dog for being so vastly small and declares him prodigious handsome" (1799). This gross perversion is common in several of the Western counties of Pennsylvania, to which region I had supposed it was limited. A gentleman informs me, however that it is not unfrequent in the South, and that he has even heard it yoked with weak, as, A powerful weak man. [Seth T. Hurd, "A Grammatical Corrector; or, Vocabulary of the Common Errors of Speech," 1847] Related: Powerfully; powerfulness. power-house (n.) also powerhouse, 1873, "building where power is generated (by steam, electricity, etc.) to drive machinery," from power (n.) + house (n.). Figurative sense "source of energy or inspiration" is by 1913. powerless (adj.) early 15c., pouerles, "lacking might or fortitude," from power (n.) + -less. Related: Powerlessly; powerlessness.
Circulating tumor cells and cytokeratins Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) originate from solid tumors, and represent an early step in blood-borne metastasis. They are a minor fraction of blood cells, as there is usually less than 10 CTCs in 1 ml of blood, thus almost 1 million lower number compared to leukocytes. To avoid apoptosis connected with lack of attachment, or to escape immune system surveillance, circulating tumor cells reshape their integrin expression profile and upregulate certain cell surface proteins, such as CD47 (IAP) or CD106 (VCAM-1). Unlike leukocytes, CTCs do not express CD45. Typical markers of CTCs are CD326 (EpCAM), CD325 (N-cadherin), CD44 (HCAM), and cytokeratins. The later ones represent not only a tool for detection of CTCs, but often also for identification of the original tumor (details were presented in our older blog Cytokeratins - markers in tumor diagnostics). As these two goals differ in the requirements on anti-cytokeratin antibodies, there are two types of antibodies, that are being used. As CTCs are very heterogeneous population, for their detection it is better to use pan-reactive antibodies, detecting multiple cytokeratins simultaneously, or even combinations of these pan-reactive antibodies. On the other hand, when trying to identify a particular source of circulating tumour cells, specific combinations of anti-cytokereatin antibodies are needed. Fig. 1: Flow cytometry surface staining pattern of MCF-7 cell line suspension stained using anti-human CD326 (323/A3) PE antibody (10 μl reagent per million cells in 100 μl of cell suspension). Separation of human MCF-7 cells (red-filled) from SP2 cells (black-dashed) in flow cytometry analysis (surface staining) stained using anti-human CD326 (323/A3) PE antibody (10 μl reagent per million cells in 100 μl of cell suspension). This is not a simple task, as after leaving the primary tumor, these cells usually change also their cytokeratin profile and down-regulate expression of these antigens, thus they can often express only some of the original cytokeratins. CTC markers help to identify and isolate these very rare cells, hence they can be further characterized by genetic methods, to improve the tumor diagnostics and prediction. To detect those CTCs, that have lost their original epithelial phenotype, or that are of mesenchymal origin, vimentin is being used as a marker. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a dedifferentiation process favoring cell migration and associated with gaining stem-like properties, can be monitored by combination of antibodies specific for cytokeratins (pan-cytokeratin) and vimentin. Fig. 2: Flow cytometry analysis (intracellular staining) of cytokeratin expression in HeLa cells and in peripheral blood cells using anti-cytokeratin antibody (C-11) Alexa Fluor® 488. CTC related antibodies in EXBIO offer: Positive Negative - can also be used as a single color negative cocktail, e.g. in FITC format CD324 (EpCAM) - clones 323/A3 and VU-1D9 Cytokeratins - clones C-11 and many others Vimentin - clone VI-RE/1 or others Are you interested in CTC and vimentin? This is a topic we would like to inform you about in the future. In case you have any comments or experiences with CTC diagnostics, we will be happy if you share them with us at Chen et al., Theranostics 2017;7(10):2606-2619 Yang et al., Cancer Cell Int. 2019;19:341-353 Yap et al., Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(10):2553-2568 Barriere et al., Ann Transl Med. 2014;2(11):119-126 Akpe et al., J R Soc Interface 2020;17:20200065 Lopresti et al., JCI Insight 2019;4(14):e128180
TIMSS: Implications for technology use in teaching and schools Written by: Maria Galvis & Dawson McLean \| Published: Image: Adobe Stock We need to understand more about the effective use of technology in teaching, and invest in supporting teachers in its use. Maria Galvis and Dawson McLean looks at the practical implications for primary schools from the recent TIMSS findings The Covid-19 pandemic has given fresh impetus to questions over the effective use of technology in teaching after schools were forced to pivot to online learning. Previous evidence suggests that, on its own, higher technology use in the classroom is not necessarily associated with better pupil performance in maths and science. However, technology in teaching has taken on increased importance in light of the crisis, as classrooms with higher access and use of technology were likely in a better position to quickly engage with online teaching, potentially minimizing learning losses. The 2019 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) data, collected before the onset of the pandemic and released in December 2020, showed where England stood in relation to its international peers on the integration of technology into learning for science and maths in year 5 classrooms. Our analysis of the TIMSS findings (see further information) has helped provide clarity on where England stands in relation to its international peers on the integration of technology into teaching. Despite continuing to be among the highest performing countries on the maths and science assessment, the data suggests that there may still be room to improve England’s standing in classroom technology use. TIMSS allows us to look at pupil and teacher familiarity with computer use in the classroom, as well as professional development in incorporating technology into teaching, both of which likely played a role in enabling the transition to online learning. Computer availability In 2019, England was below the international average in classroom computer availability and use, and teachers had received less professional development in technology incorporation. Although there was significant variation among countries, the average rate of pupils having access to computers in the classroom across the globe was relatively low. Internationally, 46 per cent of pupils had computers available to use in science lessons, and 39 per cent for maths lessons, falling to 36 and 32 per cent respectively in England. Similarly, only 17.5 per cent of year 5 pupils in England had teachers who had received training in incorporating technology into their teaching of maths, while internationally twice as many pupils (34.6 per cent) had teachers who received similar training. While having access to computers in the classroom does not necessarily imply effective use, using digital resources during lesson time allows students to familiarise themselves with technology, and to build the skills and routines necessary to use technology effectively for learning. TIMSS shows that not only did year 5 pupils in England have less access to computers compared to their international counterparts, fewer pupils also used computers on a regular basis. Additionally, our previous research (Lucas et al, 2020) has shown pupil engagement in online learning to be key to minimizing learning loss, and that pupil engagement is higher for teachers who had received training in classroom technology usage. Taken together, the TIMSS results suggest that, prior to the pandemic, comparatively low classroom computer access, usage and teacher training in England may have translated to a more challenging transition to online learning, and potentially a higher impact on learning loss. Disadvantaged pupils Classroom computer availability and use were also associated with socio-economic status. In England, pupils from more affluent schools were 34 percentage points more likely than their disadvantaged counterparts to have had access to computers for science lessons. Similarly, for classroom computer use, pupils in more affluent schools were 57 percentage points more likely than their disadvantaged peers to have had teachers who use computers to support maths learning at least once per week. These findings build on results from PISA 2018, which highlighted the gap in access to online learning between the most and least affluent schools – a gap which is larger in the UK than the OECD on average. In the context of the pandemic, socio-economic gaps in computer availability and use may help to partially explain socio-economic gaps in pandemic learning loss, as we have documented before (Sharp et al, 2020). However, on a positive note, no significant socio-economic gap was observed for teacher professional development participation, suggesting that pupils in more and less disadvantaged schools were roughly equally likely to have had a teacher that had received professional development in using technology in their teaching. Teacher support These findings should not be used to criticise teachers, who have every right to feel proud of what they have accomplished in pivoting so dramatically to online learning. But they need continuing support. However, the pandemic has shown us how important it is that teachers have the professional development they need to effectively embed technology into their teaching practice. This is clearly true in the short-term while the pandemic continues to impact education, and where provision of ICT tools and technology training for teachers have the potential to help reduce learning losses from online learning for all pupils, regardless of their socio-economic background. Indeed, the TIMSS results suggest that, prior to the pandemic, these supports were sorely needed, and the Department for Education (DfE) had already taken steps to address these gaps as part of its 2019 education technology strategy. This is a good step forward and should be accompanied by building a longer term understanding of the impact of technology on learning. Digital divide We also need more attention to be paid to the “technology gap” – making sure that schools serving the most disadvantaged pupils are able to provide the same access to technology, and exposure to its use in learning as their more advantaged peers. In order to respond to the immediate challenges of pandemic-induced remote learning, the DfE provided hundreds of thousands of laptops to the most disadvantaged children, although more are still needed if we are to reach all those young people on the wrong side of the digital divide. However, this should not be just a stop-gap solution, but rather part of a longer-term strategy to provide additional technological support in areas which need the most help. Understanding what can impact the effective use of technology on learning, investing more in embedding technology in teaching practices, ensuring pupils have access to technology when needed, and that teachers know how to use it effectively, will prove invaluable in long term efforts to build more efficient education systems. This will not just provide a short-term boost to remote learning, but could also contribute to future education technology strategies that can help tackle workload, accessibility, and inclusion challenges faced by the education sector. • Maria Galvis and Dawson McLean are economists at NFER. Further information & resources This material is protected by MA Education Limited copyright. See Terms and Conditions. Please view our Terms and Conditions before leaving a comment. Change the CAPTCHA codeSpeak the CAPTCHA code Sign up Headteacher update Bulletin About Us Headteacher Update is a magazine, website, podcast and regular ebulletin dedicated to the primary school leadership team. We tackle a wide range of leadership issues, offering best practice, case studies and in-depth information, advice and guidance. Headteacher Update magazine is distributed free to approximately 20,000 primary school headteachers. Learn more about Headteacher update
You must Sign In to post a response. • Category: Science System administration and performance Are you planning to set up an active directory for domain service? Searching for detailed information to do so ? On this ask Expert page find advice from experts for your query. Your company has three departments, IT, Sales and Marketing. This company has two branches, one in Place A another in Place B. Each branch has at least 20 employees, each employee has a computer, and each department shares one printer among their employees. a)Design and explain the structure of an active directory domain service for your company. b)Identify the schema class and attributes for the objects in your active directory from the previous step. • Answers 1 Answers found. • Active directory is an entreprise platform where all the users are linked to each other as well as to the company resources through secured passwords and access codes. Many popular applications like Microsoft or Azure or similar others have it inbuilt in their main operating systems but if someone wants to customise them for the use of one's company or organisation in a particular way then it makes sense to go for third party active directory tools to which I would be explaining shortly in this answer. Let us first understand how does it work so that one can think of designing it using the tools available for this purpose. When an integrated active directory system is incorporated in a company or organisation then everyone would be accessing data and saving data in a central place rather than in the individual computer. So, all these centralised informations would be available to everyone under security codes like password etc and there would not be any individual bias in this and it would be free from human errors as it is being continuously seen and shared by everyone and any mistake would be immediately spotted by someone at some authorised level. This type of arrangement is known as active domain where all the machines are connected to that domain and a central global catalogue in the domain contains the information about all the users connected to that domain in the company whether they are at the same place or separated through internet connection. The administrator would be observing all the actions and communications going between the various employees for undertaking and completing the organisational tasks. Employees can access each other's computer just by giving the name of that computer as all authentications are already there in the background. Active directory saves time in the company as people are connected to each other and can function and take decisions as per the permissions granted by the administrator. It makes the work flow smooth and the administrator would also be knowing where the bottlenecks are present, if any. Now, there are many third party tools which are used to design the elements of an active directory in a company depending upon the work flow and type of work. You might have to take help of some computer system professional during initial set up of the active directory domain in your company and the administrator has to be a person from either the computer background or should have undergone some training as how to utilise active domain applications for smooth functioning and working of the company. There are various options and alternatives available and the expert person called on call would set up them so that it can be readily used by the employee. These active domain tools are already containing a lot of facilities in them and one has to use them for the intra-connectivity and work flow in that particular company. Initially some help of the expert who are selling these tools or applications might be required to understand the modalities of using them but later the administrator can mange the routine affairs. Some of the third party tools which can be useful in such cases are - SolarWinds Access Rights Manager, Anturis, XIA Automation, Bulk Password Control, Enow Compass, Quest Active Administrator, Z-Hire and Z-Term. Knowledge is power. • Sign In to post your comments
Schönström, K., & Hauser, P. (2021). The sentence repetition task as a measure of sign language proficiency. Applied Psycholinguistics, 1-19. doi:10.1017/S0142716421000436 Sign language research is important for our understanding of languages in general and for the impact it has on policy and on the lives of deaf people. There is a need for a sign language proficiency measure, to use as a grouping or continuous variable, both in psycholinguistics and in other sign language research. This article describes the development of a Swedish Sign Language Sentence Repetition Test (STS-SRT) and the evidence that supports the validity of the test’s interpretation and use. The STS-SRT was administered to 44 deaf adults and children, and was shown to have excellent internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.915) and inter-rater reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC] = 0.900, p < .001). A linear mixed model analysis revealed that adults scored 20.2% higher than children, and delayed sign language acquisition were associated with lower scores. As the sign span of sentences increased, participants relied on their implicit linguistic knowledge to scaffold their sentence repetitions beyond rote memory. The results provide reliability and validity evidence to support the use of STS-SRT in research as a measure of STS proficiency. Read the full article here
Scientists do not fully understand the relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) and alcohol. Although alcohol may temporarily worsen some symptoms of the condition, it might also calm an overactive immune system. MS is a condition that disrupts communication between the brain and other parts of the body. The symptoms can range from mildly disabling to severe. This article looks at various alcoholic beverages and the effects that alcohol can have on the symptoms of MS. It also examines how alcohol may interact with MS medications and discusses the possible effects of other beverages, including coffee and water, on the condition’s symptoms. Share on Pinterest Le Cercle Rouge/Getty Images Researchers have not extensively studied the effect of alcohol on MS symptoms. Results of the limited studies are neither conclusive nor consistent, as they show both positive and negative associations. This was the conclusion of a review of 30 papers published between 1983 and 2016. The authors noted that some scientists consider alcohol a risk factor for MS but that others contend that consuming small amounts offered some protection against developing the condition. The review concluded by noting that more studies are necessary to confirm the relationship between MS and alcohol and to determine if any amount of alcohol is recommendable. Alcohol is an intoxicant that is present in beer, spirits, and wine. It is also a depressant through its interactions with the brain. Alcohol content varies among beverage types. However, the amount of liquid in a glass does not indicate the amount of alcohol it contains. The table below shows how the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) lists beverage types and their alcohol content: Amount of beverageType of beverageAlcohol percentage 12 ounces (oz)regular beerabout 5% 12 ozsome light beersabout 4.2% 5 ozwineabout 12% 8–9 ozmalt liquorabout 7% 1.5 ozdistilled spirits, such as brandy, vodka, or rumabout 40% Alcohol may affect people with and without MS differently. The sections below look at some potential negative effects of alcohol on MS. Worsened MS symptoms One alcoholic serving may result in a temporary worsening of coordination and balance issues for a person with MS. Alcohol may also increase urinary urgency and frequency, which are frequent complaints in people with MS, according to one study. Another negative effect involves alcohol’s depressive effect on the brain and spinal cord. According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, depression is common in MS. Interactions with medication Many medications can interact adversely with alcohol, according to the NIAAA. Some examples of adverse interactions include the following: • Alcohol’s sedative effects can increase the impact of tranquilizers, opioids, and muscle relaxants. • Alcohol can lead to drowsiness, dizziness, difficulty breathing, and a higher risk of overdose. • Alcohol can increase the risk of bleeding from the stomach and intestines associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. • When a person uses alcohol alongside anticonvulsants, such as phenytoin (Dilantin), it may increase the risk of seizures and cause unusual mental health changes. • Alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage from acetaminophen (Tylenol). • When a person uses alcohol alongside antidepressants, it may increase feelings of depression and hopelessness. • Over-the-counter drugs and dietary supplements can interact negatively with alcohol. For instance, alcohol can increase the potentially drowsy effect of chamomile and valerian. Some medications for treating certain symptoms of MS include the following: • muscle relaxants • antidepressants • anti-inflammatory agents, such as NSAIDs • non-narcotic pain drugs • opioids The sections below look at some potential positive effects of alcohol on MS. Suppressed immune response MS is a chronic inflammatory condition. Scientists believe that an overactive immune system is what causes the condition. Because of this, MS therapies often aim to suppress the immune response. Some research looked into whether or not alcohol could suppress the immune response to relieve MS symptoms. The authors discovered that although regular alcohol intake suppressed one aspect of immunity, it increased another aspect. Due to a lack of conclusive evidence, they concluded that it was not possible to recommend a therapeutic dosage or frequency of alcohol for consumption in MS. Some research explored the neuroprotective effects of alcohol on MS. In this instance, neuroprotection refers to the capacity of alcohol to reduce MS symptoms due to the suppression of the immune system. The authors found that people with higher alcohol and wine intakes had lower MS disability scores, which indicated less neurological disability. On the other hand, they noted that these individuals had higher accumulations of a harmful substance in the brain that may be associated with the progression of MS. Reduced effects of smoking One study found that alcohol consumption may reduce the harmful effects of smoking. Because of this action, the authors said that their findings did not support advising people with MS to avoid alcohol consumption altogether. Instead of drinking beer or other alcoholic beverages, a person with MS may wish to consume other beverages that may be healthier. The sections below will look at some of these in more detail. According to the Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (MSF), it is important for people with MS to stay hydrated. If a person drinks sufficient fluids for their body’s needs, their urine will generally be pale yellow or colorless. Darker urine is a symptom of inadequate fluid intake. Water is a healthy beverage, and it offers various benefits for a person with MS, including: • reducing some bladder and bowel symptoms • decreasing the side effects of medications • lowering injection site reactions • preventing the effects of dehydration on MS, such as fatigue and mental decline One study indicated that people who have MS do not need to avoid coffee. After reviewing the body of research on this topic, the authors found that a higher intake of coffee and caffeine seemed to have a protective effect against MS. The MSF notes that coffee has properties that fight inflammation and stimulate the nervous system. These effects may be helpful in conditions involving the nervous system, such as MS. Green tea Green tea can be beneficial for a person with MS. The International Multiple Sclerosis Management Practice explains that green tea contains a powerful antioxidant. The beverage also has compounds with properties that protect the nervous system and calm an overactive immune system. There is insufficient research to confirm the positives and negatives of alcohol consumption in MS. Some research suggests that alcohol consumption may temporarily worsen MS symptoms such as balance problems and urinary urgency. Due to alcohol’s effect on the brain and nervous system, it may also worsen the depression that many people with MS experience. Although some studies indicate that smaller amounts of alcohol could be associated with less severe MS, it is not yet clear whether or not there is a causal relationship. For this reason, a person with the condition may wish to focus on drinking healthier beverages, such as water, coffee, and green tea.
Cookies in ASP.NET 17 december 2021 om 10:00 by ParTech Media - Post a comment The world is going through a massive digital transformation; the traditional ways of handling things are no longer relevant today. Efficiency and convenience are being given utmost importance. For example, we are able to buy our daily essentials through e-commerce websites. We are able to transfer money through internet banking. We are able to watch newly released movies through OTT platforms, and so on. Whenever we talk about digital transformation, we cannot ignore the part that involves user interaction and user interface. The User Interface (UI) plays a key role in passing the information promptly to the users. And when it comes to UIs, the better the convenience and handling, the better the experience would be. Even small things matter when it comes to the UIs. For example, the right placement of buttons can be a very important feature for a particular group of users. In short, to attract and retain users, it is necessary to have a great user experience. Let’s pick another example. You have logged in to an e-commerce website and you are browsing across different product pages. You even add a few items to the cart. Now, when you close the browser and reopen it again, how would you react if the website asks for login again for adding the same items back to the cart. Wouldn’t it be painful? Now if you are the business that owns that website, then get ready to lose some customers due to poor customer experience. The only solution is to store the information about the user so that the details are automatically retrieved without any input from the user. And the best way to achieve this is through cookies. In this post, we will understand cookies and how they can be implemented in ASP.NET MVC-based web applications. Table of contents 1. Introduction to cookies 2. A practical example of creating and accessing cookies 3. Conclusion Introduction to cookies Cookies are small data files that are stored on the user’s computer. It is developed and designed to pass website-specific information between the website and browser. This means each website can have its own set of cookies. This information can be later retrieved by the website or by any third party. These types of cookies are generally referred to as browser/web/internet cookies. In general, cookies are used for session management, personalization, and tracking. The validity of a cookie can also be set while it is being created. And cookies’ visibility can be controlled by setting its access level. Whenever information that’s used across the website for different purposes is required, then the webserver which hosts the web application sends the cookie to the client to make it easier for the subsequent calls. In general, cookies contain six parameters: the name of the cookie, the value that needs to be stored in the cookie, the expiration date of the cookie, the path to which the cookie is accessible, valid domains for the cookie, and secure connection access. A practical example of creating and accessing cookies To understand how to set and retrieve cookies in an ASP.NET MVC application, we are going to create a sample project with ASP.NET Core Web App. As a first step, create an ASP. Net Core Web App from the predefined project templates provided in the Visual Studio. Provide a valid name for the solution and choose the .NET 5.0 framework. Once the solution and project are created, the predefined project template folder structure looks like below. The code works based on the MVC architecture and the Home Controller consists of three action methods: • The Index (the landing page of the website) • Privacy (separate page on the website) • Error (Page to display error). Each action present in the controller is mapped to a View within the controller. Here, we are going to make use of the three action methods to set up the cookie-related information for our understanding. Let's dive deep into it. As we know, the Index action method gets triggered when the website starts. So we are going to set a cookie in that method. We are also going to set a sample value for the key ‘username’ as a cookie in the index page of the home controller. public void StoreCookie() { var userNameCookie = HttpContext.Request.Cookies["username"]; if (userNameCookie == null) { Response.Cookies.Append("username", "testuser"); } } The above method checks whether the cookie for the ‘username’ is present, if not, sets a value for it. This method needs to be called in the Index action method before it returns the view. When the application starts, the cookie for ‘username’ will be null and immediately the above method sets the value for it. This can be verified by calling the Privacy action method, where we are going to check whether the cookie has been set or not. To verify, the below method needs to be called from the Privacy action method before it returns the view. public void GetCookie() { var userNameCookie = HttpContext.Request.Cookies["username"]; Console.WriteLine(userNameCookie); } On entering the Privacy page, the code has the value for the cookie - ‘username’. So far, we have seen how to set and retrieve a cookie. To delete a cookie, the below method can be created. And for our understanding, we are going to call this method whenever the error page is called. public void DeleteCookie() { Response.Cookies.Delete("username"); } Now, after deleting, if the privacy page is called, then the cookie value will not be present. So, it is the responsibility of the developer to clear the cookie at the right moment and make the most of it. Also, as we saw in the previous section, it is possible to set a few parameters for cookies (expiry, domain, site, etc..,). To set the parameters for cookies, we need to make use of the different cookie options. And below is a sample code on how to set the values and append them with the cookie. CookieOptions option = new CookieOptions() { Expires = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(10), }; Response.Cookies.Append("username", "testuser", option); In this post, we have seen what cookies are and how to implement them in an ASP.NET MVC application. By now you would have realized how important it is for website owners. By storing the cookies on the user's browsers, they are able to customize the user experience for them. This improves user satisfaction for these websites. So go ahead and use them in your next application.
Chicken Vs Tofu What's The Difference Chicken vs. Tofu – What’s the Difference? Chicken is among popular meat products, a good source of lean protein, healthy fats (omega-3 fatty acids), and low in saturated fats and carbohydrates. It is quite versatile; it can be cooked in different ways, goes well with pretty much everything, and fits into many different taste preferences. Tofu is famous as the “chicken of vegetarians.” In the plant-based world, tofu comprises the essential proteins and fats and tastes fantastic, so vegans worldwide can don’t feel left out and enjoy delicious food. In this article, we will compare both chicken and tofu to better understand their nutritional values and roles in our bodies. So let’s get to it! What is Chicken? As aforementioned, chicken is a meat product that is featured in many cuisines. Basically, the sky’s the limit when it comes to chicken preparation. Chicken can be fried, grilled, baked, poached, stewed, barbequed, braised, slow-pressure cooked, roasted, and sautéed as well. Mouth-watering, isn’t it? The texture of the chicken depends on how much it is cooked. An undercooked chicken looks rubbery, pink, and wiggly. On the other hand, overcooked chicken is hard and dense. The perfectly cooked chicken comes somewhere in the middle of these two extremities. It is juicy yet firm. When it comes to taste, chicken’s own flavour is pretty bland. It actually tastes like the spices or seasonings it’s been marinated with. So, there’s not really a specific word to describe the actual taste of chicken. Nutritional Information According to USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture), 100 grams of chicken contains: • 239 calories • 27 g protein • 0 g total carbohydrate • 14 g total fat (of which 38 g is saturated) • 82 mg sodium • 223 mg potassium • 88 mg cholesterol • 0 g sugar Benefits and Uses Chicken is an excellent source of protein and healthy fats. These are important macronutrients that have numerous health benefits, some of which are as follows: 1. Protein is also necessary for tissue growth and repair and regulates many metabolic pathways. In addition, it is needed to make almost all of the body enzymes as well as various hormones. 2. Sufficient chicken can provide enough protein to maintain optimal fluid levels and regulate blood clotting. 3. High protein has also shown improved bone mineral density and healthier joints. It can significantly reduce the risk of osteoporosis, arthritis, and other bone and joint problems. 4. Omega-3s found in chicken is also beneficial for us. They help increase oxygen delivery to muscles during exercising, improve endurance, speed recovery, and reduce inflammation and joint stiffness. 5. Essential fats make up part of the structure of all cell membranes, brain tissue, nerve sheaths, bone marrow, and they cushion the organs. 6. Chicken also consists of vital minerals such as zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, and potassium. In addition, important vitamins like A, E, and B complex are also present. 7. Chicken can be used in the preparation of many salads and add even more essential nutrients to it along with great taste and richness. 8. It can be added in noodle soups or plain soups in blended form. 9. Chicken sandwiches are easy to make and also lift your spirits just after one bite! 10. One of the most common forms of chicken (liked by almost everyone) is fried chicken. What is Tofu? As most of us have seen in the incredible Jack Black movie Kung Fu Panda, tofu is made with condensed soy milk. It is the perfect source of protein for vegans and can also be prepared in multiple different ways. It is believed that tofu was accidentally discovered about 2000 years ago when a Chinese cook, on accident, mixed fresh soy milk with Nigiri, a salt solution. Happy accidents like these make the world a better place, no? There are four types of tofu depending on its texture; soft or silken, medium, firm, and extra firm. Soft tofu is used for desserts and has a soft, yoghurt-like/pudding-like texture. Medium-firm tofu can hold its shape to a certain extent and is soft on the inside. Firm and extra-firm tofu are chewable, hard, and are excellent for frying and grilling. However, before cooking, they should be pressed so that maximum flavours can be infiltrated. Nutritional Information According to USDA, 100 grams of tofu contains: • 76 calories • 8 g protein • 8 g fat (of which 0.7 g is saturated) • 9 g total carbohydrate • 0 mg cholesterol • 7 mg sodium • 121 mg potassium • 3 g dietary fiber Benefits and Uses 1. Tofu is a good source of anti-inflammatory agents and phytochemicals, and it has a well-balanced profile of amino acids. 2. If tofu is made with calcium sulfate, then it contains a sufficient amount of calcium which is good for bone and teeth health, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and other regulatory functions. 3. Tofu also contains a healthy amount of different important minerals such as manganese, magnesium, potassium, iron, and copper. 4. Iron is used in the formation of haemoglobin (responsible for transportation of oxygen in the blood) and myoglobin (responsible for transportation of oxygen in the muscle cells.) 5. The protein present in tofu helps in the formation of several enzymes, hormones, and antibodies needed to make the immune system stronger. 6. Tofu can be shredded and used as a tasty salad dressing. What’s the Difference Between Chicken and Tofu? To summarize everything we’ve covered so far, here are some key differences between chicken and tofu: • Chicken has more protein than tofu. • Chicken is an animal-based product, whereas tofu is a plant-based product. • Tofu has more dietary fiber than chicken. • Tofu has less saturated fat than chicken. • Tofu has less cholesterol than chicken. • Tofu has more vitamin A than chicken. • Chicken has more B complex vitamins than tofu. • Chicken is a great source of potassium. • Tofu is a fantastic source of calcium.
January 26, 2022 The world of science and technology Moon Landing – One Hour That Changed the World Subscribe to Naked Science – http://goo.gl/wpc2Q1 As far as history is concerned, humans land on the moon and step outside. Neil Armstrong’s is probably the most famous footstep in history. But that’s not how it really happened. In the last 60 minutes, the Apollo mission could fall apart. Without dazzling on-the-spot ingenuity, a 240,000 mile helpline to Houston, and almost unnatural abilities to remain calm under incredible pressure, the first step onto another world might not happen at all. Rewind 1 hour, and there’s a whole untold story, hidden in the forensic moment-by-moment details, against a ticking clock. The story of an hour that changed the world… Following the last sixty minutes before the ‘one small step’, almost in real time, ‘One Hour That Changed the World: Moon Landing’ is packed with surprising details, which reveal a whole new perspective on the story. The first thing Neil Armstrong did when he stepped out of the capsule was throw away the trash. The whole moon landing was nearly derailed by the fact that they couldn’t get the door open. And one broken switch could have led to tragedy, had Buzz Aldrin not fixed it with a pen. Driven by powerful footage from the time, and authentic audio recordings from the capsule, the command module and mission control in Houston, this is a story we all think we know, told in a fresh and surprising new way.
1. dyskinesia noun. abnormality in performing voluntary muscle movements. • neurological disorder • tardive dyskinesia • nervous disorder Featured Games 2. tardive adjective. late-occurring (especially with reference to symptoms of a disease). • late • antecedent • middle Sentences with tardive-dyskinesia 1. Noun Phrase More serious side effects may include changes in heart rhythm and the development of long term neurological damage, known as tardive dyskinesia. 2. Noun Phrase You might take melatonin to help treat depression, jet lag, macular degeneration and glaucoma, sunburns, dementia, seasonal affective disorder, tardive dyskinesia, epilepsy, fibromyalgia and sarcoidosis. 3. Noun Phrase The Mayo Clinic warns that aspartame should also be used with caution by individuals with anxiety disorders, sleep problems or tardive dyskinesia. 4. Noun Phrase Phenylalanine can also cause negative health effects in those who take certain medications, such as MAOIs and anti-psychotics, and those with the muscle disorder tardive dyskinesia.
Volume IX \| Ecoclimatic Indexes within the Oltenia Plain Abstract: The Oltenia Plain represents an important agricultural region of Romania, which displays vast surfaces that can be properly cultivated if one takes into account the climatic restrictions that generates a series of dysfunctions. In order to underline the problems related to the aridization tendency within the region, as well as to determine the most adequate plants, there were calculated many indexes used in different agroclimatic and biogeographical studies. Thus, according to the processed data, the Oltenia Plain generally belongs to the steppe and forest steppe domain and, with regard to the cultivable plants, there are recommended the thermophilous and xerothermophilous ones, which can get good productions even in the pluvial-thermal conditions characteristic to the region. The thermal regime imposes itself through a slight increasing tendency because of the extremely high values registered in summer, while the pluviometric regime registers obvious fluctuations and a decreasing tendency. Consequently, the issue related to the aridization of the southern part of the Oltenia Plain is confirmed, an issue that is presently stressed by other factors, such as massive deforestation, destruction of the irrigation systems etc., which led to the reactivation of certain areas covered by sands. However, the partial results of the study do not sustain the idea of desertification in the area.
Bauhaus style 1919 - 1938 German school of art, design and architecture, founded by Walter Gropius. It was active in Weimar from 1919 to 1925, in Dessau from 1925 to 1932 and in Berlin from 1932 to 1933, when it was closed down by the Nazi authorities. The Bauhaus’s name referred to the medieval Bauhütten or masons’ lodges. The school re-established workshop training, as opposed to impractical academic studio education. Its contribution to the development of Functionalism in architecture was widely influential. It exemplified the contemporary desire to form unified academies incorporating art colleges, colleges of arts and crafts and schools of architecture, thus promoting a closer cooperation between the practice of ‘fine’ and ‘applied’ art and architecture. The origins of the school lay in attempts in the 19th and early 20th centuries to re-establish the bond between artistic creativity and manufacturing that had been broken by the Industrial Revolution. According to Walter Gropius in 1923, the main influences included John Ruskin and William Morris, and various individuals and groups with whom he had been directly involved: for example Henry Van de Velde; such members of the Darmstadt artists’ colony as Peter Behrens; the Deutscher Werkbund; and the Arbeitsrat für Kunst. Show lessRead more © Grove Art / OUP Discover this art movement 115 items Art MovementsBauhaus style Art MovementsBauhaus style Art MovementsBauhaus style Google apps
It was a wake-up call. When I was tested recently by lobby group Environmental Defence for 69 toxins -- from pesticides to dangerous metals -- it turned out I have 47 of them. We don't know for sure if these trace amounts will cause health problems for me. Scientists say that it may be the very young or the elderly who are at risk -- but with the research still ongoing, it's too early to say. But there are simple ways you can reduce your exposure to these chemicals. And cleaning house is a good start -- because one of the ways people get exposed to chemicals is simple household dust. "Dust, we're learning, is one of the routes by which we're exposed to chemicals," said SFU researcher Scott Venners. Bisphenol A, which was banned in baby bottles because of fears it could impact a baby's development, is still found in a lot of plastic containers and food cans. It's likely to stay in the packaging -- but if you microwave the food while it's still inside the plastic, chemicals can migrate to the food. That means when you eat that food, you're eating the chemicals with it, said Aaron Freeman of Environmental Defence, adding it's better to microwave food in a ceramic container. Also, don't put plastics in the dishwasher for the same reason. Avoid plastic bottles marked with '7' as those may contain bisphenol A, he said. And avoid non-stick pans if you want to stay away from some suspected cancer-causing and hormone-disrupting chemicals, he said. When CTV News talked to Lindsay Coulter of the Suzuki Foundation, we found out that she's so tired of the long lists of ingredients in shampoos that she makes her own beauty products. With a simple recipe of one-quarter cup peppermint castile soap, three-quarters cup distilled water, two teaspoons jojoba oil, and half a teaspoon salt, she can make a shampoo she says works great. "There are no extra preservatives, no dyes, no fragrances that are petroleum-based," said Coulter. The Canadian government is taking this seriously as well -- through the Canadian Health Measures Survey, it's taking samples from 5,000 Canadians to test their contamination levels. It's a study that could play a big role in changing laws around what's polluting Canadians. A similar study in the U.S. gave the first evidence that Americans had too much lead in their blood. It pushed the government to phase out the use of lead in gasoline. In Canada, we could see a ban phthalates in cosmetics and toys like one that exists in Europe. NDP MP Nathan Cullen's private member's bill banning some of these chemicals is now before the Senate. Meanwhile the government has also put together a list of 200 chemicals and are putting the onus on industry to prove that they are safe. If they can't, the government is going to start regulating them, just like it did with bisphenol A. Freeman says we need to do more. "We haven't pushed our governments hard enough to get rid of these chemicals," he said. "They're no-brainers...we need to phase these chemicals out of use and get them out of our bodies and out of our environment." But Marion Axmith of the Vinyl Council of Canada said that private members bills like Cullen's are putting politics over scientific process. "We need sound science and risk assessment, not politics," said Axmith. One of the phthalates that might be banned by the legislation includes a plasticizer used in medical tubing that stops the tube from kinking during a blood transfusion, she said. Medical staff know not to use this product with very young children, she said, but to ban it outright would take an important tool away from them. I'm waiting for the results of the research. But for now, I'm making some changes in my life to lessen my toxic load.
2 Chronicles 17 King Jehoshaphat of Judah 1Jehoshaphat son of Asa became king and strengthened his defenses against Israel. 2He assigned troops to the fortified cities in Judah, as well as to other towns in Judah and to those towns in Ephraim that his father Asa had captured. 3-4When Jehoshaphat's father had first become king of Judah, he was faithful to the Lord and refused to worship the god Baal as the kings of Israel did. Jehoshaphat followed his father's example and obeyed and worshiped the Lord. And so the Lord blessed Jehoshaphat 5and helped him keep firm control of his kingdom. The people of Judah brought gifts to Jehoshaphat, but even after he became very rich and respected, 6he remained completely faithful to the Lord. He destroyed all the local shrines in Judah, including the places where the goddess Asherah was worshiped. 7In the third year of Jehoshaphat's rule, he chose five officials and gave them orders to teach the Lord's Law in every city and town in Judah. They were Benhail, Obadiah, Zechariah, Nethanel, and Micaiah. 8Their assistants were the following nine Levites: Shemaiah, Nethaniah, Zebadiah, Asahel, Shemiramoth, Jehonathan, Adonijah, Tobijah, and Tob-Adonijah. Two priests, Elishama and Jehoram, also went along. 9They carried with them a copy of the Lord's Law wherever they went and taught the people from it. 10The nations around Judah were afraid of the Lord's power, so none of them attacked Jehoshaphat. 11Philistines brought him silver and other gifts to keep peace. Some of the Arab people brought him 7,700 rams and the same number of goats. 12As Jehoshaphat became more powerful, he built fortresses and cities 13where he stored supplies. He also kept in Jerusalem some experienced soldiers 14from the Judah and Benjamin tribes. These soldiers were grouped according to their clans. Adnah was the commander of the troops from Judah, and he had 300,000 soldiers under his command. 15Jehohanan was second in command, with 280,000 soldiers under him. 16Amasiah son of Zichri, who had volunteered to serve the Lord, was third in command, with 200,000 soldiers under him. 17Eliada was a brave warrior who commanded the troops from Benjamin. He had 200,000 soldiers under his command, all of them armed with bows and shields. 18Jehozabad was second in command, with 180,000 soldiers under him. 19These were the troops who protected the king in Jerusalem, not counting those he had assigned to the fortified cities throughout the country.
Skip to main content A model for measuring healthcare accessibility using the behavior of demand: a conditional logit model-based floating catchment area method Estimating realistic access to health services is essential for designing support policies for healthcare delivery systems. Many studies have proposed a metric to calculate accessibility. However, patients’ realistic willingness to use a hospital was not explicitly considered. This study aims to derive a new type of potential accessibility that incorporates a patient’s realistic preference in selecting a hospital. This study proposes a floating catchment area (FCA)-type metric combined with a discrete choice model. Specifically, a new FCA-type metric (clmFCA) was proposed using a conditional logit model. Such a model estimates patients’ realistic willingness to use health services. The proposed metric was then applied to calculate the accessibility of obstetric care services in Korea. The clmFCA takes advantage of patients’ realistic preferences. Specifically, it can represent each patient’s heterogeneous characteristics regarding hospital choice. Such characteristics include bypassing behavior, which could not be considered using prior FCA metrics. Empirical analysis reveals that the clmFCA avoids the misestimation of accessibility to health services to an extent. The clmFCA offers a new framework that more realistically estimates patients’ accessibility to health services. This is achieved by accurately estimating the potential demand for a service. The proposed method’s effectiveness was verified through a case study using nationwide data. Peer Review reports Identifying access to health services has been recognized as an important issue for policymakers and researchers in the public health domain. Many countries, including the United States, have put great effort into measuring access to health services. Measuring such access is particularly important for populations living in rural areas, which are more likely to suffer from limited access to such services. It is important to note that if health service suppliers are not properly distributed, it may result in increased unsatisfied demand and lead to undesirable health outcomes among patients. Therefore, accurately measuring access to health services is key to improving overall access to health services and minimizing health disparities [1, 2]. What is access to health services? In crude terms, it can be defined as the ease of using health services to achieve a desired health level. It is also defined as “the outcome of a process, determined by an interplay between the characteristics of the healthcare service system and potential users” [3]. The seminal work by Penchansky and Thomas [4] proposed access process components using five dimensions: availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability, and acceptability. Although this view has multi-dimensional characteristics, many other researchers have focused on distinguishing potential and realized (or revealed) accessibility [2, 5, 6]. Among them, it is worth noting that Guagliardo [2] indicated that Penchansky and Thomas’ five characteristics could be regarded as the barriers that “impede progression from potential to realized access.” Realized (or revealed) accessibility refers to the actual use of health services. It is calculated based on the actual utilization of health services [2, 5, 7,8,9]. Generally, obtaining a value for realized accessibility may be challenging because it requires tremendous costs and resources such as a systemized data collection infrastructure. On the other hand, potential accessibility considers the “probable utilization of health services” [10]. It is generally defined as the supply of health services to a nearby needy population. Measuring potential accessibility as realistically as possible is of persistent interest to health providers or health policymakers. This is because monitoring the current status quo of health service provision is important in designing better policies and planning for better health services. One of the notable metrics of potential accessibility is the floating catchment area (FCA). This metric was originally derived from the gravity-based measure proposed in Weibull’s study [11]. By adapting the gravity-based formula, it simultaneously considers the distance between demand and supply and the supplier’s capacity. Following the publication of this work, subsequent researchers have studied the FCA method. The most famous version of the method is the two-step FCA (2SFCA) [6]. Using population and supply level information, this method calculates the ratio of supply (i.e., physicians) to the population. Although the 2SFCA has effectively measured accessibility in many areas, it crucially failed to address some realistic features, such as potential competition among the population. This is because it equally allocates demand to hospitals without considering the other nearby hospitals’ availability. This results in an unreliable access score for decision-makers. Owing to its simplicity, it looks to further extensions such as the enhanced 2SFCA, 3SFCA, and M2SFCA [12,13,14]. For instance, the 3SFCA was developed to overcome the shortcomings of the 2SFCA. Introducing a competition weight based on travel time calculates a reasonable amount of demand, thereby reducing the risk of demand overestimation. Similarly, the M2SFCA proposed by Delamater [14] comes from the motivation that all prior metrics have the same underlying assumption. That is, all suppliers’ locations are optimally configured to meet the need regarding health services. To address this, Delamater [14] introduced a decaying function for both demand and supply. In doing so, M2SFCA offers more realistic access levels than other existing models. Recently, researchers have studied various extensions and applications of the developed FCA methods. For instance, new FCA-type metrics were proposed by considering various transportation modes [15,16,17] or non-spatial factors, such as gender, income level, etc. [18,19,20,21,22]. Although prior works regarding the FCA have been extensively studied, there have been no attempts to explicitly consider the heterogeneous characteristics of demand for the computation of FCA metrics. Specifically, all existing metrics primarily assume that individuals have a single homogenous preference when using health services. Therefore, regardless of the situation in reality, existing FCA metrics equally divide the demand into two reachable suppliers with equal service capacities. Additionally, the prior metrics consider an interaction between demand and supply only by a weight function, defined by distance or travel time. A weight function is typically defined as a gradually decreasing function by distance (or time). As such, prior metrics only have a diminishing mechanism in calculating accessibility to health services. However, there may be cases in which patients prefer to visit hospitals located far away over hospitals near their residence. This is another limitation of the prior FCA metrics. Motivated by this, the present study proposes a new FCA metric by incorporating the heterogeneous characteristics of demand. As noted above, while prior metrics are effective to some extent, they do not elucidate the complex nature of access to health services in real-world settings. Specifically, they do not reflect each individual’s unique priorities when choosing their healthcare provider. This study used a discrete choice model to address this issue. The discrete choice model, which has been extensively studied in economics, provides a rigorous mathematical formula to calculate the patient’s willingness to use a certain healthcare provider. Thus, it provides a more realistic representation of individuals’ preferences when choosing a health provider. The proposed metric begins by using a conditional logit model to estimate patients’ willingness to use health services. The author believes that this increases the accuracy of calculating the potential demand for a specific healthcare provider. Consequently, this ultimately provides a more accurate accessibility score. Considering that obtaining the true realized accessibility requires significant effort, this study offers a unique position in calculating more realistic potential accessibility by using a discrete choice model. Thereafter, the conditional logit model-based FCA (clmFCA) was applied to a real-world setting to examine the differences between the prior metrics and the proposed metric. The clmFCA was used to calculate the accessibility of the obstetric care system in Korea. Just as many countries encounter difficulties in providing adequate levels of obstetric care services in rural areas, Korea also currently suffers from its obstetric care system’s poor level in rural areas [23,24,25]. This is mainly due to such reasons as a low birth rate and the increasing financial burden incurred in sustainably operating hospitals. Improving accessibility to obstetric care systems is an urgent and vital task for the Korean government because such problems may ultimately lead to many medical and socio-economic problems [26]. In this regard, this empirical analysis contributes to a better understanding of obstetric patients’ accessibility to hospitals across the country. Through a comparison with traditional measures, this study determines how the differences among accessibility measures manifest in real-world settings. Discrete choice model To incorporate the realistic behavior of potential demand, a discrete choice model that is based on the random utility theory is applied. This concept was originally introduced as a stimulus in psychology and economics [27, 28]. Among many different choice models, this study uses the conditional logit model (CLM), assuming that the errors are independent and identically distributed through a Gumbel distribution. Notably, McFadden [29] first introduced the CLM, which has been extensively used in many areas, including economics, marketing, and operations management, because of its simplicity and tractability.Footnote 1 The implementation of the clmFCA requires describing the probability that a patient i will select hospital j, Pij. For this purpose, this study adopts the results presented in the work of Hwang et al. [30], who used the same experimental data as in the present study. Hwang et al. [30] analyzed patient preferences using CLM. They first reviewed the literature to identify the factors that contribute to the utility function. In this study, obtaining personal data and private information is not permitted because of privacy issues. This information is not easily obtained because demographic data, residential location information, and hospital visit records may identify specific individuals. Therefore, we used the following four covariates shown in Table 1. Details including the collection of studied data and variable selection procedure are provided in the Supplemental Information. Table 1 Covariates applied for estimating patients’ preference Using the dataset, Hwang et al. [30] subsequently developed the utility function Vij using eq. (1)Footnote 2: $$ {V}_{ij}=-1.072{LvH}_{High}^j-0.174{Urb}_{City}^j-0.862{Urb}_{Rural}^j+0.151{Num}_j-0.064{\tau}_{ij} $$ In eq. 1, each coefficient represents the relative likelihood of selecting a healthcare provider. For instance, − 1.072 for LvHjHigh is the probability of choosing a higher-level hospital (tertiary/tier 3), which is 0.34 times higher than the probability of selecting a lower-level hospital (primary/tier 1 or secondary/tier 2) (exp (− 1.072) = 0.34). In summary, their model indicates that patients prefer to use the following: 1) lower-tier hospitals, 2) hospitals located in metropolitan (or urban) areas, 3) hospitals with more obstetrics specialists, and 4) hospitals located closer to patients’ residential locations. Using multiple validating procedures, Hwang et al. [30] confirmed that this model could estimate a patient’s preference for choosing a hospital. Details of the validation process, including statistical results, are provided in the Supplemental Information. The conditional logit model-based floating catchment area method Prior FCA metrics still do not address the issue of estimating the true demand for health services despite that they have been widely applied to many areas. As mentioned earlier, a well-estimated demand for the calculation of spatial accessibility plays a key role in measuring true accessibility to health services. It helps hedge the risk of underestimating (or overestimating) the potential volume of demand for services, ultimately leading to designing more effective support programs and policies. Motivated by this, the present study proposes a metric that incorporates a discrete choice model. It mathematically computes an individual’s willingness to use a specific healthcare provider to more accurately calculate the potential demand for services. Specifically, a conditional logit model attempts to create a decision mechanism of how an individual chooses his or her favored alternatives among the available options. For instance, the choice of which product to buy or which transportation mode to use to go to work are typical examples that can be analyzed by discrete choice models. Based on a more realistic approximation of how an individual chooses their hospital, a new FCA metric is proposed in Table 2. Such a metric can consider realistic information regarding an individual’s hospital preference. Table 2 The algorithm for calculating the proposed metric It must be noted that Sj is the capacity of hospital j, and Di denotes the demand (i.e., the number of potential patients for health services) at i. The clmFCA consists of three stages, beginning with the calculation of the choice probability of the demand. In step 1, the clmFCA computes the choice probability for each pair (i, j) using a discrete choice model. Here, it is assumed that the entire population located in i has the same preference for choosing hospitals.Footnote 3 The factors (Vij) and data for computing probability should be selected beforehand and prepared accordingly. Next, the clmFCA calculates the supply to potential demand ratio for each facility j. It directly applies the selection probability from i to j rather than using a travel-like impedance function as is found in classical FCA methods. This is a unique characteristic of the proposed metric. Specifically, it considers willingness to use a hospital as part of demand, which is combined with the choice probability (DjPij) of the demand. This is important in the sense that the clmFCA can consider features that occur in the real world. Finally, the clmFCA adds the calculated values obtained from step 2 with the choice probability for each location i. Overall, the proposed method can systematically consider a user’s preference in selecting health providers, unlike the conventional FCA methods. Particularly, the proposed method can account for both the user’s bypass behavior, that is, when a patient bypasses the nearest hospital and prefers using a far-away one, and the population’s heterogeneous nature. In the virtual experiments, we confirmed that the proposed method is better than some conventional FCA methods when considering a patient’s realistic characteristics (see Supplemental Information for more details). This will help readers understand the difference between the proposed measure and the benchmarking methods. Case study: analyzing the potential accessibility of South Korea’s obstetrics care A case study using real data was conducted to examine the proposed model’s effectiveness. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Medical Center in Korea (IRB No. H-1604-065-003). The data were anonymized in regard to identifying information. Thus, informed consent was not required. This study used two types of data. One is the demand-side data from the fertile age group (15–49 years old) in Korea, gathered from Korea’s National Statistical Office. As of 2015, the total number of fertile women in Korea was approximately 13 million. Most of them were living in metropolitan areas such as Seoul. For patient location, the present study uses the weighted centroids of each sub-municipal areal unit and not individual residential locations. As of 2015, there were 3488 sub-municipal areal units in Korea. Moreover, this study uses the smallest available areal unit for analysis because it is extremely difficult to access each individual residential address for privacy and confidentiality reasons. Fig. 1(a) shows the geographical distribution and potential demand for services (i.e., the potential number of patients who may use health services). Fig. 1 figure 1 Potential demand for health service (a); Hospital location (b) For the supply side data, we used hospital information obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). As of 2015, there were 576 hospitals performing at least one labor and delivery service. Specifically, the capacity (beds) and geographical location information were obtained from the HIRA dataset. It should be noted that Korea operates a three-tiered healthcare delivery system, where tier 3 provides the highest level of medical services. Figure 1(b) shows the hospitals’ locations across the country. Similar to the distribution of demand, most hospitals are located in densely populated areas (e.g., the northwest region). The last piece of data is travel time. This is obtained based on the national road network provided by the National Transportation Database Service in Korea. Using the ArcGIS™10.0 network analysis tool, this study calculated the travel time of all pairs between the residential locations of demand (centroid of the municipal areal unit) and hospital locations. Based on the results of the study conducted by the Korean government, the threshold of whether a patient is within a catchment area of a particular healthcare provider j is set as 60 min.Footnote 4 Accessibility scores Three well-known benchmarking accessibility measures were chosen (2SFCA, 3SFCA, and M2SFCA) to compare the accessibility scores of the clmFCA. It would be beneficial to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method because the chosen measures have different characteristics. A short illustration of these measures is presented in the Supplemental Information. Table 3 presents the basic descriptive statistics for accessibility outcomes. The clmFCA provides the lowest average value of accessibility when compared to the three benchmarking measures. The average access to healthcare provider sets was 0.00098. The highest values were obtained for the 2SFCA (0.000183). However, the standard deviation of accessibility scores from the clmFCA showed the highest values, while the 2SFCA showed the lowest. Table 3 Descriptive statistics for each FCA metric (10−4) Next, accessibility maps of the four metrics were presented. Figures 2(a) to (d) show the access scores of healthcare providers. As seen in Fig. 2, the geographical patterns of all four metrics were generally similar. Most regions in green are generally rural areas. Those in yellow and orange are urban and metropolitan areas, respectively. Fig. 2 figure 2 Accessibility scores of (a) 2SFCA; (b) 3SFCA; (c) M2SFCA; (d) clmFCA Although the geographical patterns of all four measures are analogous, the magnitude of accessibility is still different. Consistent with the results from Table 3, the clmFCA showed the lowest level of access to healthcare providers, compared to other metrics. Figure 3 presents the degree of difference between the clmFCA and the benchmarking measures to more clearly understand this difference. In the case of 2SFCA, 2793 regions (over 3487 sub-municipal areal units) showed higher accessibility scores than the clmFCA. Although the degree of difference is different, it can be similarly observed that the benchmarking methods provide a higher accessibility score than the clmFCA. Fig. 3 figure 3 Histogram of differences in accessibility score between prior metrics and the clmFCA Comparison with real observations Four accessibility scores were compared with a timely relevance index (TRI). The TRI is a primary measure of real accessibility used in Korea to examine how potential accessibility computed from the four metrics is similar to real observations. TRI is defined as the proportion of hospital usage within a time threshold (e.g., 60 min) over the total number of instances of hospital usage in a particular areal unit (e.g., municipal areal unit). A high value indicates that more people use health providers that can be reached within an hour. This is based on the actual use of health services. Moreover, it considers the geographical proximity between demand and supply (health provider). Therefore, the TRI is sufficiently regarded as revealed accessibility, considering geographical proximity.Footnote 5 Table 4 and Fig. 4 show TRI’s descriptive statistics and geographical patterns (aggregated into municipal areal units). Correlation coefficients were calculated to compare the similarities between accessibility scores and the TRI index. Table 5 shows the correlation coefficients between the four metrics and the TRI values. We reported Spearman’s correlation coefficient and the Kendall-tau correlation coefficient, which are non-parametric versions of the Pearson correlation coefficient, because the units of measurement are different. As shown in Table 5, the proposed method shows the values 0.850 and 0.648 as the highest among the four metrics.Footnote 6 Table 4 Descriptive statistics of TRI Fig. 4 figure 4 Geographical pattern of TRI Table 5 Correlation between the TRI and the four metrics This study proposes a new accessibility measure type that explicitly incorporates the patients’ willingness to use a healthcare provider. A realistic and plausible metric to measure access to health services is the first and most crucial step in designing better policies to improve accessibility. However, obtaining real observations requires tremendous costs and effort. It is sometimes impossible to gather such observations because of practical limitations such as difficulty accessing private information. Conversely, the use of traditional metrics to calculate potential accessibility has a drawback. Most prior measures do not consider realistic demand preferences. Therefore, the results of these methods may provide incorrect information to policymakers. This may lead policymakers to design policies that are sub-optimal for the population. Motivated by this, the present study designs a new FCA metric that incorporates a discrete choice model. To the best of the author’s knowledge, the proposed metric involving a rigorous mathematical model explaining individuals’ willingness to choose a specific healthcare provider has not been studied in related literature. Therefore, it takes up a unique position in related areas of study. As mentioned earlier, the advantage of using the clmFCA is its ability to more realistically identify potential demand for each healthcare provider. Specifically, the clmFCA considers patients’ realistic behavior, such as their bypass behavior, by incorporating the hospital selection. Bypass behavior generally affects the size of potential demand in two different ways [31, 32]. For undesirable healthcare providers, overestimations are avoided to a possible extent. Additionally, it also helps in correcting underestimations for attractive healthcare providers by considering unexpected arrivals to these providers. In particular, patients being able to freely choose their hospital based on the individual’s preference is a typical situation in Korea. These preferences include the patient’s travel time to the hospital. It must be noted that most FCA metrics use simple procedures in estimating the potential demand for services. The 2SFCA assumes that the entire population has equal opportunities to use service providers within their catchment areas. On the other hand, the 3SFCA considers the competition effect when estimating demand. However, it simply divides the proportion of weight calculated by travel time. Moreover, M2FCA and E2SFCA primarily use a decay function based on travel time. Several FCA-type metrics consider non-spatial factors (e.g., congestion in hospitals and transportation types). Nonetheless, they considered non-spatial factors in a simple (or rough) manner. The present study is novel because it explicitly combines a discrete choice model with FCA measures. In doing so, this study provides a reasonable way to answer the question of how an individual selects a hospital. Thus, this contributes to obtaining more accurate and realistic results regarding accessibility to health services. Another contribution of this study is its applicability. A general method of calculating potential accessibility, applied to various healthcare systems, is proposed here by incorporating a discrete choice model into an accessibility model. Such a method can adopt the unique characteristics of healthcare systems in the first step of the clmFCA. Traditional FCA metrics cannot consider the unique characteristics of various health systems because they do not account for the characteristics of different healthcare systems. However, the proposed method appropriately reflects such characteristics using a discrete choice model. Therefore, this would be one of the proposed model’s methodological merits as compared to the classical approaches. The effectiveness of the clmFCA can be twofold. First, it hedges accessibility’s overestimation. Based on the accessibility scores, the clmFCA primarily avoids overestimating the potential accessibility to healthcare providers. This is magnified when compared with the results of the 2SFCA. The 2SFCA often provides unrealistic (i.e., overestimated) access values because it does not have an explicitly designed demand estimation model. Particularly, accessibility in regions where populations overlap in choosing several providers (e.g., metropolitan or urban areas) is more likely to be overestimated because it does not consider patients’ realistic preferences. However, the clmFCA accounts for this characteristic. That is, the proposed metric can provide realistic accessibility measures through a well-estimated demand model. Second, the results from the clmFCA match well with the revealed accessibility. Table 5 presents the results, where it can be seen that the clmFCA provides accessibility trends similar to the TRI index. This is confirmed by analyzing the correlation coefficient between FCA-type metrics and the TRI index. In the clmFCA, the correlation coefficient’s value is greater than 0.80. Such a value implies a strong correlation between the potential accessibility from the clmFCA and the TRI index. In other words, the proposed method calculates appropriate values of accessibility where it should be. This would be beneficial for policymakers who design policies and strategies to improve healthcare delivery systems. For example, policymakers can design a way of deploying resources to medically serve underserved areas. They may likewise provide tailored packages of policies using the results from the clmFCA to cover demand considering their living areas. Although this study proposes a new type of accessibility measure, it has several limitations. One limitation is that a choice model is initially required to execute the clmFCA. If realistic data on patients’ willingness to visit hospitals are not available, this study may not be superior to the existing methods. Another limitation is the need for access to more relevant data to calculate healthcare access. Although this study adapts patients’ preference in calculating healthcare access, it cannot use the finest level of demand (i.e., each patient’s residential location) because of practical challenges such as access to private and confidential information. Moreover, the limited access to information on patient characteristics can act as a barrier to obtaining a more realistic patient behavior estimation model. This study addresses the problem of calculating access to healthcare providers by designing a new FCA metric. It provides an access measure that realistically identifies patients’ accessibility to healthcare by incorporating their willingness to use a healthcare provider into the clmFCA. The study’s technical contribution is the development of a new metric that can capture a patient’s willingness to choose a hospital, leading to a more realistic potential accessibility measure. Such a metric has not been studied in related fields to the best of the author’s knowledge. Next, this study applies the clmFCA to real-world cases using nationwide data for obstetric care in Korea. The experimental results revealed the advantage of using the clmFCA. That is, it can estimate the potential demand for services as accurately as possible. Nonetheless, several areas can be further addressed. Employing more sophisticated choice models (e.g., the health belief model) or adopting rigorous mathematical models (including machine learning methods to predict potential demand for health services) can be considered in future studies. Availability of data and materials The data analyzed in this study are from the Korean government, and the data analysis is ongoing for subsequent publications. Therefore, the datasets are not publicly available but are available on request from the corresponding author. 1. 1. It is also worth noting that because the choice probability formula of the CLM is closed-form and only contains measurable factors, it can be easily calculated. That is, it can incorporate various factors that explain the choice process of the population as long as the utility function has a computable form. 2. 2. McFadden’s pseudo R-squared (0.2748) and variable inflation factor for all variables (≤ 1.2) confirm that this model is statistically valid. The authors also conducted a five-fold cross-validation process and confirmed that it is acceptable to use the model for predictions (R2 between the actual usage and the predicted numbers of visits attains 0.7195 on average). It is worth noting that their model has been verified by several experts, including physicians, and the overall results and tendencies are consistent with their practical application. 3. 3. In this study, obtaining personal data is impossible due to privacy issues, as demographic information along with residential location information and hospital visit records may identify specific individuals. If available, it seems reasonable that a finder segmentation of the fertile group may provide a better model to describe the hospital choice behavior by each segment. 4. 4. A 60-min threshold is based on the results of the nationwide study in which the author was involved [26]. In this study, a threshold is determined by considering both expert’s opinions and prior related studies. It is worth noting that this is a parameter that can vary when it applies to different problems. 5. 5. Considering that obtaining revealed accessibility requires tremendous effort and resources, we believe that TRI is appropriate to use as a proxy for revealed accessibility. It is worth noting that the goal of our study is to design more “realistic” potential accessibility; it is thus reasonable to compare the results of our measure with TRI. 6. 6. We also reported the ranking of accessibility scores of the four accessibility metrics and the TRI index to Section 1.6 of the Supplemental Information. 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Article PubMed Google Scholar Download references The author would like to thank Dr. Kyosang Hwang; I would also like to thank Mr. Lee Taeho for his helpful comments and for providing relevant data for my study. This research was partially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (No.NRF-2019R1F1A1063365). Author information HJ did all of the work on this paper. The author read and approved the manuscript. Corresponding author Correspondence to Hoon Jang. Ethics declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate These datasets were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Medical Center in Korea (IRB No. H-1604-065-003). Because the datasets were fully anonymized in regard to identifying personal information, informed consent was not required. Protocols are carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The data used in this study are not publicly available and do not contain personal identifying information. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The author declares that there are no competing interests. Additional information Publisher’s Note Supplementary Information Rights and permissions Reprints and Permissions About this article Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark Cite this article Jang, H. A model for measuring healthcare accessibility using the behavior of demand: a conditional logit model-based floating catchment area method. BMC Health Serv Res 21, 660 (2021). Download citation • Received: • Accepted: • Published: • DOI: • Access to health • Floating catchment area • Conditional logit • Realistic preference • Obstetric care service
How do I clean fruits and vegetables - Vinegar, lemon or soap? The arrival of the summer, besides the sun and the high temperatures, brings us a lot of juicy fruits and vegetables that we are eager to eat. But much of this variety is eaten exclusively with its peel - such as strawberries, cherries, vanilla, tomatoes or apricots - and that is something we are right to worry about. Pesticides and insecticides, as well as the soil that remains in the various vegetables, necessarily need removal. Experts divide into two types of infections related to these foods: • Mechanic - contamination from dust, slurry, dirt and other factors that may be on the ground and generally come into contact with the plants. • Chemical - the contamination mainly related to fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides. How can we effectively remove these substances from our vegetables and fruits? Initially, an important mistake that is sometimes made in our zeal to clean up unnecessary substances is the use of soap, especially dishwashing liquid. Fruits and vegetables have pores on their surface, and that means that everything we place on them is absorbed inside. That's why we never use chemical drugs of any kind. The safest solution is the very good washing with plenty of water, preferably drinking, in order to remove in the first place anything that causes "mechanical" contamination. When we are going to eat fresh fruits or vegetables with their peel, then the washing should definitely be thorough. Certainly there are pesticides used in crops that are absorbed by the plant itself and are not removed by washing. However, modern drugs are manufactured in such a way that they do not penetrate the inside of the plant. So a very good wash will clean our fruit or vegetable from microbes, bacteria and chemicals. Vinegar & Lemon Vinegar is claimed to be the most appropriate means of 'mechanical' infection, but we must not ignore that many microorganisms manage to survive in acidic conditions. So it is good to have a measure of its use, but also to our assurance that we have 'exterminated' all the harmful substances. But surely its use is not prohibitive. So if we want to use it, especially for cleaning vegetables that is certainly more prone, let's do it right. • The ratio is 1 part of white vinegar and 3 parts water. Put them in a bowl and put our vegetables and fruits there. • We grind our food separately to clean well the soil that is hiding on their surface. • Finally, after emptying our solution in the sink, we wash the fruits and vegetables with clean, running water. Alternatively, for some fruits and vegetables, with a soft casing such as berries, strawberries or grapes, you can use lemon juice to help prevent their taste. Tips for storing and processing vegetables and fruits Although it is generally recommended to wash the vegetables and fruit before putting them in the refrigerator, it is advisable to know that it is not enough! The drawers, like the shelves, may at first sight not look, but they are usually very dirty. Bacteria and other microbes can grow under your maintenance conditions, and if other foods leave leftovers (eg, dripping) then the situation becomes even worse. Use protective bags to store them in the refrigerator. Make sure to loosen them so that mold does not develop from moisture. Generally, moisture contributes to the appearance of mold, so our fruits and vegetables should be stored dry. To absorb unnecessary moisture, you can also apply kitchen towels where you plan to store your food. Important hygiene tips Always wash your hands - and your children's - if you come into contact with dirty fruits and vegetables. Storing outside the refrigerator, for a reasonable period of time, helps to break down the pesticide. Always wash fruits and vegetables, whether you plan to cook them, eat them fresh, or store them in the refrigerator. Do not miss to wash those foods that remove their peel, such as apple, melon, avocado or watermelon. Whatever is on the surface with the knife is transported inside if we do not take care of cleaning it. To clean food with a hard surface, use a brush. Aggeliki Koskeridou Holistic Doctor – Counseling Psychotherapist Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine MSc c. Health Psychology insta: dr_aggelikikoskeridou_official Pin It Search for articles Follow Us Εγγραφείτε & Κερδίστε ένα δώρο έκπληξη!
Generosity can make us live longer, new research shows. Now, that's more important than ever When parents transfer resources to their kids or to their aging parents, research has shown, life spans increase. (CNN)Giving money or resources to your children or aging parents is likely to increase their life span, according to a new paper published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. There is a linear relationship between the amount and frequency of wealth transfers and the lengths of individuals' lives, the study results have shown. "At the beginning of life you are reliant on others," said lead study author Tobias Vogt, who is an assistant professor in the faculty of spatial sciences at the University of Groningen. "It's a good idea to help others throughout the course of our lives." The researchers' goal was to track data on how every individual in a given society consumes and saves. Intergenerational wealth transfers can include money, but they can also include houses, benefits or time. Wealth transfers are more common where social cohesion is high The researchers recognized that other factors -- such as country's gross domestic product (GDP) and income inequality -- also affect a population's life expectancy and adjusted their models to include those factors. One likely reason, Vogt said, for the correlation between countries experiencing greater longevity in the presence of financial transfers was that those countries exhibited stronger social cohesion. To back that up, he cited a 2010 meta-analysis performed by researchers at Brigham Young University -- with an aggregate of 148 separate studies involving a total of more than 300,000 participants. It found that survival was 50% greater for those with stronger social relationships compared to those with lesser or no social bonds. Sharing leads to long life Western Europe and Japan ranked highest on data linking resource sharing and lower mortality levels. France and Japan, the nations with the lowest mortality risk, showed the highest average individual wealth transfers. Theses countries shared between 68% and 69% of their lifetime income, while reporting mortality rates about twice as low as China and Turkey, where people shared between 44% and 48% of their lifetime earnings, according to the study. "South American countries also rank high in terms of generosity, as they share more than 60% of an average individual's lifetime income," the researchers reported. On the low side of the spectrum, countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia were those in which people were least able to share portions of their lifetime earnings and experienced shorter life spans. This research complements findings in the UN's World Happiness Report Generosity and life expectancy are among the six variables scientists look at when making the World Happiness Report, which is released annually by the Sustainable Development Solutions Network for the United Nations. This year, even as the coronavirus pandemic swept Europe, Finland held on to its happiest country title for a third straight year. "Generous behavior is related to trust and mutual regard and a sense of being together," said John Helliwell, co-editor of the World Happiness Report and professor emeritus of economics at the University of British Columbia. "People who are happier are subsequently healthier." Vogt and his team's research fit in well with the body of science the UN and researchers around the world have been monitoring since 2012 as they have cultivated the happiness index, Helliwell said. Societies with high mutual trust are more likely to be resilient, and that could be seen in how they have fared recently against the coronavirus, he explained. Those nations succesfully keeping the virus at bay, such as Norway and New Zealand, are places where people trust each other. "There's an evolutionary story being told by this (paper)," he said, that our collective endurance as a species isn't about survival of the fittest individuals, but rather about survival of the most cooperative societies. "To the extent generosity adds to longevity, it's about our resilience to disease, or to earthquakes, or changes in climate," Helliwell said. "Leaders must broaden our capacity to help one another." These results have relevance to the pandemic In a year of pandemic, global GDP is expected to drop by 5.2%, according to a World Bank estimate in June. That means we're in for a lot of lost transfers of value, whether they be a scholarship fund not collecting its annual fundraising goal, a laid-off middle-aged couple struggling with ailing parents' nursing home bills or governments collecting less in taxes during a time of high unemployment. Although simply spending time with a wiser older relative might be one of the best ways to transfer value from one generation to another, measures such as those would be a subject for a future study, Vogt said. "We suggest that this support reduces mortality by meeting urgent material needs, but also that sharing generosity may reflect the strength of social connectedness, which itself benefits human health and wellbeing and indirectly raises survival," the researchers wrote in the paper. As the economic engine grinds to a halt, we're faced with the prospect of our resource crunch resonating in the lives of ourselves, our children and our parents for years to come. Get CNN Health's weekly newsletter But the social science says there are ways to navigate the dilemma. "It's important how countries get out of these situations," Vogt said, noting how countries such as Spain and France have high life expectancy and have high social cohesion, characteristics that can help shield them against the worst effects of the pandemic. One of the most valuable ways to transfer something important to a loved one is to cook and care and read to them, he said.
Determine the original cost of fixed assets at the beginning of the year. This value reflects the actual expenses for the creation or acquisition of the asset. When calculating this value takes into account the cost of acquisition of equipment or other fixed asset object, the cost of the installation work, the cost of shipping and other costs associated with the introduction of object in operation. Next, you adjusted the original cost by the amount of depreciation for the asset to get the figure at the beginning of the current year. Calculate the value of fixed assets, which were introduced and withdrawn during the year at the company. When the facility is taken into account in the initial cost, and at the conclusion take into account the value adopted in the current month on the balance. Editing the initial value of the asset at the beginning of the year on the value of the input and output OS during the year, receive an initial value at the end of the year. Use the simplified formula for calculating the average value of the OS. You need to add the initial cost at the beginning and end of the year and divide the sum by 2. This calculation gives an approximate result, so often use more complex formula. Consider the month of the input and output of fixed assets when calculating the average value. To do so, adjust the value entered and left the OS on the number of full months that have elapsed since the insertion and introduction of the object, divided by 12. Then fold the initial value at the beginning of the year revised cost of these new OS and subtract from the amount, the new value of the retired asset. However, the most accurate average value can be obtained if to take into account in the calculation of an average value, which is defined as the arithmetic mean value at the beginning and at the end of the month.
You are here The austerity of speech austérité de la parole According to the Indian tradition, there is a special consideration associated with speech. As it is one of the vehicles of energy, it must be used with care and wisdom. It is notably in the Bhagavad Gîtâ, one of the pillar books of Hinduism, that its power is told. It was later taken up in Buddhist thought, which is based for the most part on Hindu concepts. In order to make good use of one’s language, the words one pronounces must meet three principles: truthfulness, kindness and beneficence. According to the Indian tradition, it is better to remain silent if what you say is not true, pleasant or beneficial. Let’s look at each of these parts Speaking the truth The truthfulness of a word is important because it increases our vibratory level. When we lie, we gradually lose our energy because we lose our peace of mind. One lie often calls for another and it is finally the fear of being unmasked that can generate a kind of permanent anxiety. Telling the truth is not always easy. It is nevertheless preferable to refrain from speaking if it is to tell a lie. Today’s society is not uncompromising in this respect. Often we are pushed to lie because there is a short-term interest, whether it is in the context of a job or human relations. The will to seduce is often what pushes us the most to embellish the truth and hide the less glorious things about ourselves. Speak with kindness According to Hindu thought, not all truth is good to tell. You may want to hurt someone by telling a truth. Intention is essential when speaking something true. So, yes, it may seem hypocritical at first glance, but it is not. A word generates a movement, an action. If the word is true but unpleasant, it can create a rejection and even a force of opposition. Imagine that you were to confess to a friend the true identity of his or her parents. Do you think that doing so in an angry or guilt-ridden tone would improve the situation? It’s unlikely that it will. So you need to make sure that the word is kind and even gentle so that it is digested and accepted. A beneficial word You may say something that is true and pleasant, but if it does not bring any benefit, it is better not to say it. What does a beneficial word mean? It means that it can be used for self-improvement, self-building or a positive change of perspective. It can also mean that in order to build you have to deconstruct. If you are building an identity on a lie, it is better to wipe the slate clean and start from scratch than to continue on a shaky foundation. It’s up to you to see if what you say will help the person(s) hearing it. As you can see, speaking requires a great deal of discipline, which most often leads to staying silent rather than expressing what comes to mind. A word is powerful if it manages to combine truth, benevolence and charity. It is like a conjunction of three factors. When you multiply these three elements, you get a result. Each of them must be positive, otherwise we would get a negative result. On the other hand, the arithmetic laws do not apply, if you combine two negative things spiritually, you will not get something positive. Speaking indiscriminately There are some people who like to spout off without any measure, pauses or any form of restraint. This annoying habit is of course an extreme that few people fall into. However, observing this kind of caricature helps us to understand the evils of intrusive or impudent speech. In order not to resemble this dark portrait, it is preferable to set up some habits allowing us to re-educate ourselves on this aspect. The importance of having periods of silence Gandhi did not speak to anyone on Mondays towards the end of his life. This truce of speech allowed him to give more strength to what he said. The more rarely you speak, the more valuable it is. Conversely, the more you speak, the more meaningless or egotistical your words become. The most common characteristic of wise people is their natural propensity for silence. If you want to give your words more weight, you must impregnate them with reflection, meditation, in the same way that you impregnate a doughnut with flour when it is dipped in boiling oil. Speech is strengthened when it is first and foremost internalized and is not a pathological logorrhea. Reading rather than speaking It is obvious that we have greater or lesser inclinations towards extraversion. An extroverted personality will tend to talk more than introverts, which multiplies their chances of saying things that are neither true, nor beneficial, nor benevolent. To counterbalance this, it may be a good idea to start reading. Introverts tend to listen and read more than others. If a person makes an effort to read more, he or she will be able to tame this trait a bit, even if it doesn’t go against their own nature. By engaging in introvert hobbies, a person will become more attentive and less talkative. Yoga (asana): the school of silence If you take up yoga, you will naturally talk less. You will also reconnect with your deepest nature, which is often self-sufficient, which has the advantage of making you feel less like talking. Yoga usually ends with a meditation session, which aims at managing an inner calm. Very often, if people talk and cannot stop doing it, it is because there is an inner turmoil, that is to say a lack of serenity that pushes them to do so. ✨Recevez gratuitement la fiche audio et la fiche d'activités de "Trouvez vos forces maintenant" de Tom Rath 📈 Je hais les spams et protège vos données personnelles Related posts Leave a Reply
Depression Is Curable: Tackling The Silent Killer Get busy living or get busy dying. Choice is always yours. Stephen King Depression is the new talk of the town but it exists since mankind evolved. Depression is a common disease faced by anyone due to stress, a chemical imbalance in the brain, sleep deprivation, etc. Though it was not known to humans, today in 21st-century, depression has its own castle in the world of chaos. Yet, depression is curable if one knows how to address it properly. Current Scenario Source: Harvard Health – Harvard University A study says depression is not treated as a disease in low/middle-income nations. The irony is, still, 264 million people are suffering from depression globally and 8 lac commits suicide every year due to the same. Then why depression is still not considered as a disease??? Why mental health is not a subject in school or colleges? Why a person who sees a psychiatrist is called a PSYCHOPATH? There are so many questions and problems related to it, but still, humans are ostracizing it which can turn more dangerous for the whole world. In fact, a nation like India which is also known as YOUNGISTAN ranks among the most depressed countries. Research also says that the age group between 18-29 are more likely to be depressed. The world has grown so competitive that every human wants to stand out in the crowd due to which it’s hard to maintain mental health which is leading to uncountable deaths. In remote areas, 90% of people are unaware of the term depression and in urban areas, one doesn’t want to acknowledge it. Society has made mental health a joke; it is so easy to reveal about cancer but difficult to talk about depression. Maybe because of peer pressure that society may pass loose comments which are hard to handle. In a nation like India mostly people commit suicide due to peer pressure, relationships, and rejections. It is important to acknowledge the fact that to achieve big and huge dreams one has to be mentally prepared for the path full of obstacles. Due to the entertainment industry, people are knowing much about the disease and its consequences, etc. Being mentally fit is as important as being physically fit. In Mahabharata, Krishna said whenever a problem takes birth, the solution comes along with it. One has to understand there is always a way. How Depression Digs In? How Depression Digs In? Source: SciTechDaily Depression can knock at your door anytime without any warning. Even a healthy and happy person can also suffer from depression. Due to overthinking, stress, sleep deprivation, chemical imbalance and mental pressure, one can get depressed. Symptoms are really common like fatigue, no desire to work or move, urge to isolate from the surroundings, extreme sadness, overthinking, irritation, anxiety, etc. It’s hard to differentiate between short-living emotional stress and depression. If not treated at the right time it can even kill the person. The victim doesn’t really realise that he/she is in depression but close ones or kins may notice the change. It has therapies, etc. It is so bad that the victim sees no other way out and only thinks of ending his life and in some cases, they even go to asylums. Every Disease Is Curable, Then Why Not Depression? Every Disease Is Curable, Then Why Not Depression? Source: Healthline If treated at the right time, depression is curable and the person can be full of life again. There are therapies, a lot many consultants and especially family and close ones who can act as the best warriors in the field. The best way to fight depression is by opening up to the people. Taking out all the trash out helps in relaxing the brain and body. Distraction and outdoor activities, walking and there are so many ways to get back to normal. One should directly consult a doctor if he sees any of its symptoms. Society Has A Huge Contribution Today social media plays a huge role in one’s life. Trolls, loose comments can affect the mental health of the person which is unhealthy for life. Society being prejudiced, barely leaves a person alone and happy, and keeps on putting pressure, pushing and pulling in the rat race. One can comment and pass by without thinking once but what impact it has on the other person can’t be expressed. Emotionally sensitive people are more prone to fall in depression. It is important for society to understand that if one is committing suicide due to peer pressure then it’s called a culpable homicide, which should be stopped immediately. Source: Mental Health Matters Socialising also plays a huge role in a person’s life. Socialising is the best way to connect with people, but it brings you closer to negativity too. Your social groups also attribute to your mental health. Any form of snide remarks (disguised as jokes) should not be neglected. Surround yourself with people who contribute positive growth to your mental health. Meditation Is A Blessing In Disguise Meditation Is A Blessing In Disguise Source: Health Magazine Mental peace can prevent depression, which can be attained by meditation. Meditation and yoga are some of our ancient techniques which are still considered as a healing process. By doing simple meditation for 15 mins every day can help in fighting depression and attaining mental peace. Yoga keeps the body and mind fit. Pranayam, Surya Namaskar, and chanting OM are one of the most basic and easiest forms of meditation. Negative thoughts can lead to depression and by this simple change in diet and yoga can prevent depression. Along with it, having an optimistic outlook is important because nothing is easy and readymade in this world. Life is full of struggles and us humans are embedded with superpowers to fight all the evils. But the use of powers should be known similarly acknowledgement and acceptance are equally important. Depression is really common and even psychiatrists are doctors so let’s not make it a taboo. Fight back all the evils, all the power is within. Stay Safe. Don’t end life. Reach out. Read Also: The Journey Of Self-love: 5 Tips On Loving Yourself. Related Posts
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[ UK /ɛɡzɪstˈɛnʃɪəlˌɪst/ ] 1. relating to or involving existentialism the existentialist character of his ideas existentialist philosophy existentialist movement 1. a philosopher who emphasizes freedom of choice and personal responsibility but who regards human existence in a hostile universe as unexplainable Linguix Browser extension Fix your writing on millions of websites Start Error-Free Writing Linguix pencil How To Use existentialist In A Sentence • But perhaps we should identify him more with Camus, for at heart his work is existentialist, and he would have been as much at home on the Left Bank as he was in bohemian Soho. • Sartre's existentialist philosophy is the poetic theory about the significance of life and Sartre's existentialist literature is the philosophic discourse about the value of life. • Again, random words strung together to look like existentialist poetry. • There was an immediate affinity between the two, since in France structuralism represented a revolt against the existentialist idea of the self. • I was vexed by this question in my head, "is running nihilistic or existentialist in nature?" • Munch's "The Scream" is an icon of existentialist angst showing a waif-like figure against a blood-red sky. • Not surprisingly, what an existentialist account of existence does not provide is a clarification of the conditions of objectivity. • So the super-existentialist Sri Aurobindo, manifests a supra-normal familiarity with the intensities of our subliminal and supraliminal being. Hobbes and Ryle, Kant and Sri Aurobindo • This sense of "anomie" would be called "alienation" by a later generation of Marxists, existentialist and student radicals in the 1960s. • Suggestive of a prison cell, the work also hints at a harrowing, existentialist void. View all
09 June 2013 Flashback: Trooping the Colour The Queen's official birthday celebration (held apart from her actual April birthday, for better weather) is marked with the sovereign's annual birthday parade, also known as Trooping the Colour. This is held annually on a Saturday in June, and the Queen has attended every year of her reign except 1955, when it was cancelled because of a national rail strike. For the first few decades, she rode sidesaddle in uniform. In uniform through the decades, including with baby Prince Edward on the balcony The Queen's uniforms most often included her Order of the Garter riband, star, and medals. She rode until 1986, which was the last year her horse Burmese (a gift from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and her trusty Trooping partner since 1969) was used. Burmese retired and so did the Queen; from 1987 on, she has typically ridden in a phaeton (open carriage) and has ceased wearing a military uniform. 1987 (left), 1988 (right) In 1987 she wore the Guards' Badge, one brooch to represent all five Household Regiments; in 1988, she wore the Dorset Bow Brooch. By 1989, she returned to the Guards' Badge and she has continued that tradition in every following year. There are a few years at the beginning when the Queen combined the Guards' Badge with an individual regimental badge, but she soon stopped that practice and allowed the one large badge to cover all appropriate representation. Trooping the Colour is the one occasion each year for which the Guards' Badge is used. She naturally combines this with her standard button earrings and triple strand of pearls. Trooping the Colour on the Blog: 2020 (Welsh Guards Badge) Photos: Associated Newspapers/PA/Getty Images/Corbis
Where do most Indian people live in California? Indian Americans now constitute 22.6% of the population in Cupertino, 18.08% in Fremont, 15.52% in Sunnyvale, 13.75% in Yuba City, 13.64% in Santa Clara, 11.46% in Union City and 11.34% in San Ramon. Which city in US has highest Indian population? The New York metropolitan area comprises the largest population of Indian Americans among U.S. metropolitan areas. Where do the Indians live in California? Some were culturally intimate with peoples from neighbouring areas; for instance, California groups living in the Colorado River valley, such as the Mojave and Quechan (Yuma), shared traditions with the Southwest Indians, while those of the Sierra Nevada, such as the Washoe, shared traditions with the Great Basin … What percentage of California is Indian? According to 2018 US Census Bureau estimates, California’s population was 59.5% White (36.6% Non-Hispanic White), 14.7% Asian, 13.8% Some Other Race, 5.8% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American and Alaskan Native, 0.4% Pacific Islander and 5.1% from two or more races. Can an Indian live in USA? More than 50% of Indian immigrants to the US obtain lawful-permanent residence in this way. … If an immigrant comes to the US under a non-immigrant work visa and wishes to become a permanent resident, they may change their classification and apply for an immigrant work visa while in the states. IMPORTANT: How do I apply for a visa to India? Where are Native American now? Today, there are over five million Native Americans in the United States, 78% of whom live outside reservations: California, Arizona and Oklahoma have the largest populations of Native Americans in the United States. Most Native Americans live in small towns or rural areas. What is the largest Native American tribe in California? The Yurok Tribe is currently the largest group of Native Americans in the state of California, with 6357 enrolled members living in or around the reservation. What city in California has the most black population? View Park-Windsor Hills had the highest percentage of Blacks or African Americans of all places in California (83.8 percent), and all places reporting a majority of this racial group were in Los Angeles County. Who are Red Indian tribes? Red Indian is an offensive term for a native North American. In North America, the term is now considered a racial slur. How many Indian engineers are in USA? Indian engineers, scientists in U.S. nearing one million. Magic India
gardening, How To, vegetables Start A Garden in 7 Easy Steps 1. Step Number One-Choose a Location They say in real estate location is everything the same is true of gardening. Whether you have a large space or a small one choosing the ideal location for your garden is the first step to a successful garden. Prior to choosing a location however it is recommended that you conduct a study of your yard to assess the movement of light and choose a location that gets at least 6-8 hours of sun daily. Choosing a sunny location ensures that your plants will have the recommended amount of sunlight. While some vegetables thrive in the shade, most prefer a sunny location for optimal growth. Deciding on your location will determine how you will garden as well as what you can plant. Summer Harvest Basket 1. Step Number two- Determine Size of Planting Area Although having a large lush garden is the dream of most gardeners, having a smaller space does not have to deter you from starting a garden. If space is limited, consider using containers, vertical gardening or square foot gardening. All three methods allows you to grow large quantities of food in a small space. Most gardeners without space constraints opt to grow in a combination of the following: grow boxes, containers, or directly in the ground. Each method has their own merit, review each method and choose what works best for your family, budget, time and health. Swiss Chard 1. Step Number Three-Decide what to grow Choosing what to grow may be the most difficult step of starting a garden because there is just so many things that you can grow. One way to narrow down what to plant is to plant what you and your family love to eat. Do you love spinach, lettuce or broccoli then plant it! It is a known fact that if you grow vegetables that you like to eat you are more likely to stick with it and have a successful garden. Make a list of the foods you want to grow and create a layout of your garden. Consider how many grow boxes and containers or ground space you have and draw a layout of that to determine how much you can plant. Order your seeds ahead of your growing season to ensure that you will have what you want to grow. Do you value organic seeds? Will you be using starts? Will you be direct sowing seeds? Keep these questions in mind as you make your decision on what to grow. Once you know what you want to grow, it’s time to plan. 1. Step Number Four- Create a garden plan, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry said that a goal without a plan is just a wish. Not planning your garden and hoping for success is in essence making a wish. Planning makes perfect and helps you to execute more efficiently. You can either use a garden planning program, an app or good old fashion pen and paper to draw up your plan. Keep in mind your space confines when planning to ensure that all crops have sufficient space. Overcrowding your garden beds can lead to decrease production, pest control issues and poor performance of your crops so a plan is imperative. Part of planning your garden is determining the layout of the garden. Keep in mind the size of plants, space, sun position and number of items being planted when planning the layout. A plan also helps you to develop a planting schedule. 1. Step Number Five-Develop a Planting Schedule Developing a planting schedule is a crucial step in planning your garden. A planting schedule helps you keep track of when and what you are planning to plant. It should include last frost date, days to harvest, when to plant, the size of the plant and when to start from seed. Most of this information is found on the seed package. Additional information can be found at your local extension office, Farmer’s Almanac, Mother Earth News or on many seed companies websites. Having this information in one place helps with the execution of the garden. 1. Step Number Seven-Soil Management and Irrigation Now that we are ready to plant let us talk about the soil that you will be planting in. Soil provides the nutrients for your plants so make sure to feed your soil so that it can feed your plants. Nutrient deficient soil results in smaller harvests, stunted growth as well as vitamin deficiency in your crops. Refer to my previous post for information on testing and amending your soil for planting. Another step to managing your crops is to decide how you will provide water to your plants. There are two main ways that people provide water to their plants drip irrigation and hand watering. If possible set up your drip irrigation system at the same time your are setting up your containers or grow boxes. Retrofitting irrigation systems can be time consuming and frustrating. Hand watering is as old as time and is often the method used by beginning gardeners. It can be as effective as drip irrigation but uses more water and requires you to be present to water where as drip irrigation can be set on a timer. Hand watering is made most effective by watering at the end of the day, using a wand and watering at the base of the plant and not the leaves. 1. Step Number Six-Pest and Disease Management Snail on Curly Leaf Kale The final step in starting a garden is developing a plan for pest and disease management. Every healthy garden will have pests as part of its ecosystem. However, if left unchecked pests will cause significant damage and could potentially destroy your crops. Both pest control and disease control can be done organically and non-organically. Although I follow an organic treatment plan for disease and pest management in my garden I encourage everyone to chose a method that works for you whether it is organic or non-organic. Treat disease and pests at the first sign of trouble, the sooner you take action the less likely you are to lose your crops and have progression of disease. Starting a garden can be a daunting task but with careful planning and by following the steps outlined in this post you will have a more manageable task a greater chance of success. Happy gardening!
Here Are Some Grizzly Bear Facts by \| The Oracle, Wildlife Did you know that the grizzly bear is scientifically called the North American brown bear? Can you recognize a grizzly? Do you know where to find them? Whether your a bear savvy or not, it might be the time for some grizzly bear facts. Let’s start with the meaning of the name “grizzly”. The term seemed to have been coined by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, who described these bears as “grisley” and by this name they may have meant “grisly” = fear-inspiring or “grizzled” = with grey and golden tips of hair. Given that these bears are for many people fear-inspiring, it is tempting to believe that they meant “grisly”, but, of course, you never know. Do you really want to see a grizzly bear? Those of you who are excited about the idea of seeing a grizzly (and please don’t get significantly close to one) may wonder how to identify one. Besides looking like a bear and generally having brown fur with some blond and/or white on the black or flank, grizzly bears have a hump on their shoulders, something which helps curious humans to distinguish them from the black bears. There are also other features that help differentiate a grizzly from other types of bears but let’s not overload the memory and keep it to fundamentals-if it has a hump it should be a grizzly and not a black bear. Do they all look the same? Some of the readers might be surprised to know that grizzly bears come in somewhat different shapes (or in other words, multiple morphological forms). For this reason, some recognize several subspecies, including the mainland grizzly (Ursus arctos horribilis; do you call a bear horribilis, seriously?), peninsular grizzly (Ursus arctos gyas), Kodiak bear (Ursus arctos middendorfii), and the two extinct subspecies Mexican grizzly bear (Ursus arctos nelsonit) and California grizzly (Ursus arctos nelsoni). According to modern genetics, the grizzly bear is a subspecies of the brown bear (Ursus arctos). When a baby grizzly is born, it tends to weight around 1.1 pounds (50 grams). Some may believe grizzlies are the cutest when they are born and may wish to see the birth of a species of grizzly bears that would remain at a small size and be playful. When they grow, grizzly bears have an average length of 6.50 feet (198 cm). The adult weight rages significantly, with an average around 600 pounds (272 kg) for males and 350 pounds (159 kg) for females. Aren’t grizzly cubs adorable? ^^ Do you think you know how a grizzly spends most of the days? Maybe you do. As some might suspect, they hibernate quite a lot, sometimes for as much as 7 months each year. As you also might know, hibernation occurs during the coldest months of the year. What might be less known is that the hibernation period of females tends to end later; males “wake up” in March while females tend to wait until April or May. It is worth mentioning that not everyone agrees that grizzly bears hibernate, as their body temperature and ability to move during hibernation do not correspond with the definition of hibernation. Yes…some grizzly bears are very awake in the winter So where can you find them? If you live in North America, you may find grizzly bears in some parts of the northwestern U.S., Alaska, and many places in Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, northern Manitoba, Nunavut, and the Yukon. It is estimated that around 55,000 grizzlies exist in North America and the large majority of them are located in Alaska. In the recent past, humans were, unfortunately, less friendly and there was little effort to protect the grizzlies. As a result, even if California has a grizzly bear in its flag, the last one was killed in August 1922. Do grizzly bears eat humans? Well, that would be highly unusual. Grizzlies commonly eat salmon and other fishes but sometimes also young deer, marmots, elk, moose, volents, and rodents, among others. They even eat bees, ants, and other insects. Of course, bears are omnivores and also eat knotgrasses, blueberries, blackberries, salmon berries, soapberries, cranberries, and other plants. The diet of grizzlies will vary according to the ecosystem in which they live. For instance, some may be surprised to know that some grizzly bears actually prey bison in the Yellowstone National Park. Are grizzly bears really that aggressive? What appears to be a grizzly bear in a angry mode Grizzlies are indeed considered to be more aggressive compared to black bears, with mother grizzlies being the most aggressive and responsible for as much as 70% of humans killed by grizzlies. However, it is worth noticing that as a rule, grizzly bears avoid humans and do not usually seek to hunt them but rather attack due to what they perceive to be the need to defend. The term ‘mama bear’ hasn’t been invented for nothing. If you see this LIVE, you should most likely run Are grizzly bears protected? Today there are efforts to protect them, but for many places it is too late, as they have already disappeared (e.g., California). The grizzly bear is regarded as a threatened species in the contiguous United States and as endangered one in some parts of Canada. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service attempts to restore grizzly bears in the Cabinet-Yaak (Montana and Idaho), Yellowstone (Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming), Northern Continental Divide (Montana), North Cascades (Washington), Selkirk (Washington and Idaho), and Selway-Bitterroot (Montana and Idaho). Grizzlies are also protected in American and Canadian national parks. The establishment of parks and protected areas is one of the most important strategies to avoid the decline of the grizzly bear population in other areas. Protected areas can include places where public access is limited and hunting is limited. However, increasing public awareness about grizzlies and planning human development (e.g., roads) with consideration of its impact on the ecosystem can also play a role in protecting these bears and other endangered species. Where should you see them? Once again, it is important to remember that grizzly bears can be quite dangerous and engaging in bear-watching must always be done with plenty of caution and not without the assistance of those who have relevant experience. Traveling in groups of six or more is believed to reduce the chance of bear attacks (but you still have to keep a proper distance). Alaska is arguably one of the best places to see grizzly bears, as there are plenty of them and they are located in places that are fairly attractive. Places in Alaska where people often go to spot grizzly bears include Katmai National Park and Preserve, The McNeil River State Game Sanctuary and Refuge, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, and Admiralty Island, among others. Of course, grizzly bears can also be spotted in many national parks located in the Rockies, including Banff and Yellowstone; however, spotting them in these places is more of a challenge. There are many things that can be discussed about grizzly bears, the same being true about other species. In the future, I am planning to talk more about the history of human-grizzly bear interactions and how this history has impacted the ecosystem. As you might already know, the decline of the grizzly bear has also affected other elements of the ecosystem in many parts of North America. For now, I would like to know… did you knew everything I said before reading this? What other things do you believe it would have been interesting to mention? What else would you like to know about the grizzly bears? Have you encounter them? If yes, we want details! Let’s hear it all. Submit a Comment Pin It on Pinterest Share This Hey you, Subscribe to Trekking Days and let's have fun. Find a travel destination you want to explore and get new products & discount alerts. I suspect you will like us. Wink You're in!
Land of Egypt Concise Bible Dictionary: The conformation of Egypt is peculiar. The Nile forms at the Mediterranean what is called the Delta (from the Greek letter Δ reversed); it had formerly seven mouths (Isa. 11:1515And the Lord shall utterly destroy the tongue of the Egyptian sea; and with his mighty wind shall he shake his hand over the river, and shall smite it in the seven streams, and make men go over dryshod. (Isaiah 11:15)), but now there are only two branches, which unite, and the river has been traced southward for more than 1500 miles. On each side of the valley in which the river runs is a range of hills, outside of which is mostly desert. The Nile valley is rarely more than twelve miles wide. The Delta and the valley are very productive. As to rain the country differs materially from Palestine, which “drinketh water of the rain of heaven”; for in Egypt, except by the sea-coast, it rarely rains, the land being watered from the river, which rises once a year, overflowing its banks in many places, and, as it retires, leaving a rich sediment on the soil. Canals convey the water to more distant parts. The land is watered “by the foot,” that is, by removing the soil, and letting the water flow. The Delta, and as far south as Noph (Memphis, 29° 51' N), is Lower Egypt: and from Noph southward to the first Cataract (24° N) is Upper Egypt. The emblematic crowns representing the two districts were not the same; but the two were united in one crown when a king reigned over all Egypt. As there were many changes by different dynasties the same boundaries may not always have been preserved. Cush, or ETHIOPIA, extended much farther south, but is often mentioned in scripture along with Egypt (Psa. 68:3131Princes shall come out of Egypt; Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God. (Psalm 68:31); Isa. 11:1111And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea. (Isaiah 11:11); Isa. 20:44So shall the king of Assyria lead away the Egyptians prisoners, and the Ethiopians captives, young and old, naked and barefoot, even with their buttocks uncovered, to the shame of Egypt. (Isaiah 20:4); Isa. 43:33For I am the Lord thy God, the Holy One of Israel, thy Saviour: I gave Egypt for thy ransom, Ethiopia and Seba for thee. (Isaiah 43:3); Isa. 45:1414Thus saith the Lord, The labor of Egypt, and merchandise of Ethiopia and of the Sabeans, men of stature, shall come over unto thee, and they shall be thine: they shall come after thee; in chains they shall come over, and they shall fall down unto thee, they shall make supplication unto thee, saying, Surely God is in thee; and there is none else, there is no God. (Isaiah 45:14); Nah. 3:99Ethiopia and Egypt were her strength, and it was infinite; Put and Lubim were thy helpers. (Nahum 3:9)). Ethiopian kings appear to have reigned in Egypt, and are included in their list of kings. Hall of Columns at Karnak, Photo Hall of Columns at Karnak, by Seti I, Dyn. XIX Related Books and Articles:
Brown tabby cat showing teeth. Brown tabby cat showing teeth. Photography ©PavlinaGab \| iStock / Getty Images Plus. What Is Stomatitis in Cats and Could Your Cat Be at Risk? Share on facebook Share on twitter Share on linkedin Share on pinterest Share on email Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (often referred to as feline stomatitis or cat stomatitis) is a debilitating condition of the mouth that causes severe inflammation of the gums and painful oral lesions around the teeth, and on the tongue, lips, roof of the mouth and even the back of the throat. What Causes Stomatitis in Cats? White cat with mouth open, showing teeth. What exactly is stomatitis in cats, and could your cat get it? Photography ©Wild_Strawberries \| iStock / Getty Images Plus. Although the exact cause of stomatitis in cats is still unknown, veterinarians generally agree that feline stomatitis is an autoimmune disorder. This means that the cat’s immune system is inappropriately mounting a response against plaque on the teeth. To support this theory, many cats with stomatitis are also infected with certain bacteria or viruses like bartonellosis, calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and herpesvirus. Some veterinarians believe that dental disease may also cause stomatitis in cats. What Are the Signs of Cat Stomatitis? Knowing the symptoms of feline stomatitis will allow you to seek treatment as soon as possible. “Signs include excessive drooling, decreased appetite, bloody discharge from the mouth, severely inflamed gums or inflammation on the roof of the mouth, and pain when the mouth is touched,” says Missy Tasky, DVM, owner of Gentle Touch Animal Hospital in Denver, Colorado. Cats might also paw at their mouths, have horrifically bad breath and stop grooming themselves. Many cats stop eating altogether because the pain is so severe and, as a result, lose weight. How Do You Treat Stomatitis in Cats? Because feline stomatitis is so poorly understood, veterinarians have not landed on a universally effective treatment. “In minor cases, it can be managed with proper home and in-hospital dental care,” Dr. Tasky says. “Some cats, however, require extensive oral surgery to resolve the problem. It can be a genetic problem and can be difficult to manage medically, despite best efforts.” For mild cases of cat stomatitis, special dental care might help, including professional dental cleaning, frequent teeth brushing (to remove plaque) and veterinary anti-plaque products. Veterinarians may also try anti-inflammatory medications, immuno-suppressant drugs, long-term antibiotics, pain medication, laser therapy and topical anesthetics. Cat Stomatitis and Removal of Your Cat’s Teeth If medical management is not helping, or if the veterinarian deems that it is unlikely to be of benefit, more radical measures must be taken: removal of the cat’s teeth. If inflammation is present around just some of the teeth, the vet might recommend removing just those teeth, but if inflammation is widespread, removal of all of the teeth is often recommended. This might sound drastic, but it makes sense when you think about it. With stomatitis, the body is mounting an immune response against the plaque that develops on the teeth. So, no teeth means no plaque. Many cats experience complete resolution of their pain and inflammation after total extraction of all teeth. Cats continue to eat and live very full lives without teeth, and taking away all that pain is worth it. Thumbnail: Photography ©PavlinaGab \| iStock / Getty Images Plus. Read more about cat teeth and cat dental care on 8 thoughts on “What Is Stomatitis in Cats and Could Your Cat Be at Risk?” 1. Could be the cats food. My cats were fed store brand Winco food for a short period of time and both cats lost more teeth even the cat with very good teeth lost a tooth. The vet even commented on how good his teeth were and asked me what I fed him. It was Friskies seafood sensations until he started having diarrhea problems. 2. My beloved FIV+ kitty crossed the Rainbow Bridge humanely when he had an acutely severe stomatitis. I felt horrible he may had been suffering in silence until I noticed his drooling. No good treatment was going to make my shy boy happy. I had to let him go. 3. Kate Sarginson I had a cat with stomatitis and had all its teeth extracted. That was five years ago and he is very healthy and happy. 1. I have a stray outside cat that is hard to get in a carrier. We can only pet her when she is eating and doesn’t allow us to hold her. She had the front 8 teeth removed but the disease came back. The next surgery they removed all but the eye teeth. They told me a certified dental surgeon would have to remove them. She was given a steroid shot and liquid medicine to put in her food. She would not touch the food. Now I’m told I would have to bring her in every month for a steroid shot. I just can’t catch her that often. I’m at my wits end on how to help my cat. So far she is still eating but its only been 1 week since the shots have supposedly worn off. HELP. 1. Hi Brenda, So sorry to hear this! These articles on stray cats might help: 4. I’ve had three cats who had stomatitis. Two came from the same (no-kill, no-cage) shelter, and the third’s tenure in my house overlapped with one of them. Because of that, I’m convinced there is some infectious component, though other cats I had at the same time never developed it. The first two were treated with progressively stronger steroids, and it didn’t end well for either of them, as the steroids caused other problems. The third had full-mouth extractions, and my worst fears were realized–a toothless cat with continued stomatitis. She also had a chronic low-grade URI. The stomatitis was finally tamed with a combination of ciclosporin, which lowered her immune system, and an antibiotic to keep the URI in check in the face of the ciclosporin. Two or three years later, I lost her when she developed severe anemia, which the specialty vet said was either leukemia or an autoimmune condition, either of which was plausible given her history. Stomatitis is a nasty, nasty condition. And full-mouth extractions are not a panacea. 1. Sarah, wow that is a whole lot of pain to endure, my heart goes out to you. Just one hour ago I brought my 13-year-old male home from getting his teeth cleaned, he had one tooth removed and [what ever they do for one reabsorbed tooth]. He was grinding his teeth and was hiding it very well. Now [hopefully] he will enjoy life a bit more. They are forever in our hearts. Leave a Comment Get Catster in your inbox! Stay informed! Get tips and exclusive deals. Follow Us Shopping Cart
What Does the Exodus Have to Do With It? Usually, we classify the mitzvot, commandments, of the Torah into commandments that pertain to our relationship with Hashem and commandments that pertain to our relationship with other people. There are some who had a third category, the commandments that govern the relationship between body and soul, in other relationship with the self. When we think about the commandment to remember the Exodus, we would be inclined to define it as being a a mitzvah between the human and Creator, or maybe a mitzvah that is for the person’s individual development. It is a matter of gratitude and obedience to Hashem, and a reminder that He is involved in history. It is interesting to note that the Torah seems to blur these categories when it talks about remembering the Exodus. For instance, in Exodus 22, the Torah states, ‘Do not oppress the stranger, do not pressure him, because you were strangers in the land of Egypt.’ In the same chapter it also says, ‘when you find the ox or property of your friend, or a donkey lost, you should return it to him. When you see the donkey of your enemy crushed under its burden you should not refrain from helping him. You must help him. Do not pervert the judgment of a poor person in his argument, in his litigation. Keep yourself distant from lies. Do not kill an innocent person because, G-d says, I will not justify this ever. And do not take a bribe because a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and perverts the words of the righteous. And do not oppress the stranger because you know the soul of the stranger. You can understand it because you were strangers in the land of Egypt.’ When the Torah speaks about relating to strangers, to the poor and to the oppressed, and to dealing justly in business, as in Leviticus 19, the Torah states, ‘when a stranger lives among you, do not oppress him. He shall be treated as a citizen and you shall love him as yourself because you were strangers in Egypt. Do not pervert justice in your weights and your measures. You should have precise and accurate stones to measure things and volume measurements and all this should be accurate, because I am Hashem Who took you out of Egypt’. In these instances, the remembrance of the Exodus, is used to exhort us not to cheat people, and not to oppress a stranger. Similarly, we are told that if a fellow Jew becomes poverty stricken it is a commandment to lend him money, and not to charge interest. Why? The Torah says, ‘because I am Hashem who took you out of Egypt.’ (Leviticus 25) In Jeremiah (Chapter 7) the prophet says that when Hashem took the Jews out of Egypt, He didn’t command them regarding sacrifices, or burnt offerings. Rather, He commanded the Jews to listen to His voice, to walk with Him and to act justly. The prophet Michah (Chapter 6) writes, ‘I took you out of Egypt from the house of slavery I redeemed you. …. in order that you should…. do justice, love kindness and walk humbly with Hashem.’ The main lesson of the Exodus seems to be that we are obligated to act with justice and kindness because we were once oppressed slaves and persecuted strangers in the Land of Egypt. We give thanks to Hashem for taking us out of Egypt, but, as one of my children asked me at the Seder, He put us there in the first place! So why are we thanking Him? – a good question, to which numerous answers have been given. One answer to the question is that the exile and slavery in Egypt were also positive events. To be a Torah nation, the Jewish people need to be just, kind and sensitive. To be the nation who is carrying the laws of Hashem, and who is supposed to be representing Hashem in the world, the Jews must act with compassion toward the stranger, the poor, and the oppressed. Where did the Jewish people absorb these ideas, and when did they become indelibly imprinted on their national consciousness? The answer is, Egypt. The Jews experienced injustice, theft, slavery, and discrimination (unfortunately, many Jews still continue to experience these things). These experiences taught the Jewish people to be sensitive to the stranger, to the oppressed, and to the other. You May Also Like Believing In Ourselves The Thirteen Principles
** boys' shirts and blouses Boys' Shirts Figure 1.--This Dagerotype probably taken in the 1850s shows a boy in a plaid shirt. Notice the small white collar and bow. Also notice the double part hair style. HBC still has limited information about boys' shirts, but we have begun to collect pertinent information about men's shirts which provide considerable background information. Actually "shirt" is a fairly recent term which has evolved out of a variety of shirt-like garments. These included blouses, waists, and shirt waists--the latter the term fom which the modern shirt has evolved. Shirts are mostly garments which have included collars, but from the mi-19th through the early 20th cenbtury, many shirts were made wihout collars and worn with detachable collars. Other variations have included collar styles, colors, patterns, sleeve length, front opening, materal, tails, and otherelements. Shirt-like Garments HBC has noted a variety of shirt-like garments. The term "shirt" is a realtively recent term. It only became widely used in the 20th century. In the 19th century, the term "waist" was commonly used to describe what we now call shirts. The term blouse was also used. While it had several meanings, the shirt-like garment was more for children and women than adults. Boys have worn both blouses and shirts. A blouse was most common for boys as it did not have shirt tails. These were considred unecessary, especially for younger boys. Only as they grew older did boys get shirts with tails. The term "waist" which is no longer a term commonly used in the sence of a garment. HBC notes that "waist" in the late 19th and early 20th century was used to mean a blouse or shirt. The modern term blouse probably captures the sence best as it was a shirt without tails. HBC has generally considered a "waist" to be a garment or part of a garment covering the body from the neck or shoulders to the waistline, which was commonly used in womens' and childrens' clothing. We have discovered, however, that "waist" was also used to mean a child's undergarment to which other items of apparel were attached by buttons or clasps. This appears to be a term also used for stocking supporters. Sometimes mothers used pins to attach stockings to regular underwear rather than a specialized waist. Developing a chronolgy of boys' shirts is a little complicated, especially for the 19th century. This is in part because boys generally wore jackets, As a result, it is often not possible to see the shirts that they are wearing, even if images are available. Often all we can see is the collar and sometimes the sleeve cuff. We note large collars in the early 19th century. Some were worn closed and others open. The Eton collar appeared in England and eventually became a major style. Boys seem to have worn plain shirts for dress occasions during the mid-19th century. A variety of shirts were worn. Plaid seems to have been popular. Most mothers, however, insisted on adding a white collar and bow. The development of the detachable collar mean that increasing attention was paid to collars.At mid-century these collars and bows were quite small. Later in the century they got much larger. The sailor blouse alsi became widely popular. It was still not common to dress up without a suit jacket--except during the summer when fancy blouses could be worn. Much more information is available on the 20th century. There were major changes, especially after World War I. Clothing became increasingly casual. Increasingly boys wore shirts without jackets. And we see the development of not only casual collared shrts like the polo shirt, but also shirts without collars like "T"-shirts and the tank top. We have fewer cuountry pages for shirt-like garments than for many other garments, but HBC is constantly expanding. Our initial assessment is that there were fewer country differences than was the case for many other garments. We are unable to make assessments for the 19th century as boys wear jackets and vests in most of the available images. Here often all we can see is the collars. Here the most notable collar is the Eton collar created in England and adopted in many other countries. But no where was the Eton collar as popular as in England. The Fauntleroy collar is also notble and could be quite large and was especially popular in America. After the turn-of- the 20th century, especially after World War I we see much more of the shirts. Blouses were still popular in the early-20th century. French boys commonly wore blouses and Peter Pan collars. We note American boys wearing Western-styled shirts in the mid-20th century. Button-down shirts seem more popular in America than other countries. And America help popularize the 'T' shirt. We mote German boys wearing plaid shirts after World War II. In the late-20th century we see a kind of Pan-European styles erasing any country differences. This is a garment that we had only vaguely heard of before, a tucker. I'm not sure quite how to archive this. I thought perhaps neckwear, but believe that the collar section may be the more appropriate section. This was a garment made from a fine cloth or lace worn over the neck and shoulders. It was primarily a garment for girls and women, but was also worn by younger boys not yet breached. It seems to be a garment that appeared in the 18th century. It may have been the precursor of the pinafore. I have not noted a lot of boys wearing these, but I did not quite understand just what this was and therefore may not have noticed them. It came to be used in the expression "best bib and tucker", meaning one's best clothes. The key feature of a shirt appears to be the collar--especially as it has concerned boys' fashions. Both men and boys have worn a wide variety of collars, some part of the shirt and others detachable or an entirely sepatate garment. The most elaborate collar was the ruffs worn my men and boys as well as women in the 16th century. Detachable collars appeared in the mid-19th century. Boys as late as the late 19th and early 20th century have worn quite fancy collars--the lace collars which made up part of the Little Lord Fauntleroy look. The starched Eton collar as for years a fashion staple for boys. Younger boys wore Peter Pan collars. Today there are a variety of collars. The most popular is the plain pointed collar in different lengths dependening on fasgion trends. The button-dowm collar also remains popular with many. The shirt industry in the 19th Century the shirt industry was not particularly sophisticated. As Apparel Arts noted in 1931, "A square of cloth gathered into a yoke at the shoulder, with shapeless sleeves and a hole for the neck, was called a shirt. Neckbands had but three sizes: fourteen, fifteen and sixteen inches." Even worse to some clients, shirt sleeves had only a single size: long, to accommodate any length arm. Your shirt didn't fit you so much as you fit your shirt, and if you didn't well, that was just too bad. Did you ever wonder why so many old time photographs show men wearing arm bands. It is quite simple. Shirt sleeves at the time simply didn't fit very well. Measured lengths It wasn't until the 1910s that measured sleeves lengths replaced the arm band as the method of setting one's cuffs correctly, and this, not coincidentally, occurred about the same time that soft cuffs were being introduced on shirts. After a prolonged absence, comfort was finally making a comeback. Shirts now come in long, half, and short lengths. The shorter lengths are a relatively recent development. I am not sure just when they first appeared, but I believe the 1920s. Certainly by the 1940s it was a well established convention. Long sleeves for the fall and winter and short sleeves for the spring, once the weather had turned warmer, and the summer. The modern convention for shirt sleeve shirts is the half length coming just to above the elbow. One HBC contributor remarks, "I remember when the sleeves on short sleeve shirts varied more in length, with a higher proportion of them having shorter sleeves of lengths approximately half way between the shoulder and the elbow. I noticed this particularly during the 1950s and 1960s. Sitcoms and movies shot during that time such as Leave it to Beaver, Please Don't Eat the Daisies, etc. show boys wearing shirts with shorter sleeves. Most boys in the late 1990s wear shirts with sleeves that go down to the elbows, even T-Shirts. HBC is not sure of the reason fgor this trend. Presumably it was a conscious decision on the part of clothing manufacturer. We are not sure, however, what prompted this change. Perhaps boys prefer the longer sleeves and the industry was respnding to their preferences. Perhaps it did not really matter to them and there were other reasons for the change. Usually, but not always, the cuff was coordinated with the collar. Almost all long sleeved shirts had sleeve cuffs. Most cuffs were button cuffs, but some knit shirts had a knitted closure. Long sleeve "t" shirts commonly had that style. Cuffs varied from the plinest buttom style with a double lawyer of material to fancy Fauntleroy ruffled orceven lace cuffs. Changes appear to have come very slowly in the shirt industry. One source indicates that it wasn't until the late 19th Century, for instance, that color was finally introduced into shirts. THe use of patterned material appears to have been an earlier inovation because images of boys in plaid shirts exist from the mid-19th Century. Since the 1950s, while manufacturers' changes have been few, styles have changed radically. Paralleling the excesses of the Peacock Revolution, shirt collars grew to disproportionate lengths while colors took on the nightmarish hues of Day-Glo paints and subway graffiti. Today, the palette has sobered and the collar styles have returned to more traditional proportions that are more in keeping with the current conservative mood of the country. Laundering and Sanforizing (1928- ) Manufacturers in thevlate 19th Century found that if they laundered the shirts before offering them for sale, they had a much better appearance on store sjelves. They thus appealed more to the prospective shopper's eye and, as a result, sold better. The Cluett Peabody & Co. in 1928 invented the Sanforizing process, which prevented the shirt from shrinking when it was laundered. Cotton has since the early 19th Century been the shirting fabric of the well-dressed man. Cotton purists, even today, insist that fine-quality dress shirts should be made of 100 percent cotton. Naturally, they cost more than polyester blends. More important to many is that the cotton shirt had to be ironed. Cooton advoacates, however, insist that what you pay for is unrivaled comfort and a look that bespeaks luxury and tradition. As a natural fiber, cotton respects the natural needs of the body. It breathes, allowing the body to cool itself when necessary, and its absorbs moisture when the body perspires. As the article of clothing most in contact with the body, the shirt needs to act almost as a second skin. Cotton performs this function best. Beyond comfort, finely combed cotton shirtings look better because of the density of their weave as well as because of cotton's ability to take color, thus giving a truer response to dyes. There is a clarity and richness to their color which simply cannot be duplicated with blended fabrics. The natural sheen of fine cotton shirting is warm and subtle, not at all like the harshness of pure polyester. Synthetic fibers (1950s- ) Brooks Brothers became the first store in the 1950s offered a polyester-blend dress shirt, a move that, up until the oil crisis of the late 1970s, kept the cost of shirts down and unfortunately had the effect of sanctioning the use of synthetic fibers in the industry. Most dress shirts are now made out of cotton polyester blends. Some expensise chirts are pure cotton, but these are for people willing to pat more for their shorts and do not do their own laundry as the cotton ] shirts have to be ironed. There was during the 1920s, when, perhaps due to the influence of those like the fictional Jay Gatsby (Sinclair Lewis' The Great Gatsby, there was a brief flirtation with silk shirts. Figure 2.--Checkered shirts have been an enduring style popular with many boys. Pattern and Colors There have also been a varirty of styles and patterns used in boys' shirts. Plaid, checkered, and stripped shirts are perenial favorites. Some of the most popular shirts in the modern era have been casual shirts like t-shirts and polo shirts. The major different types of shirts are casaual and dress shirts. Once boys wear shirt waists and mothers varied the collar for diffrent occassions. After World War I (1914-18) shirts with attached soft collars became more common. Generally a boy would have a white dress shirt for special occasions. A wider variety of dress shirts in different styles annd colors appeared in the 1970s. Boys have worn a much greater varkiety of casual shirts. Some casual shirts were made in the smae basic style as fres shirts, but in different materials and colors. Collar styles One of the most destinctive element of a shirt is the collar. Collars have come in a wide variety of styles which have changed significantly over time. Boys' collars have varied from the elegant Fauntleroy lace collars of the 1880s to the preppy button down collars of the 1980s. These collar stles are mentioned above. Boys have worn a variety of shirt styles. Some of these styles relate to the collar of the shirt. These have varried from the different styling such as western, Rugby, school, and a wide variety of other styles. Some styles like bush shirts are associated with specific countries like Australian. Other relates to the use of buttons and the existence of tails. One popular syule for younger boys was button-on shirts. There have also beem variations in usage, such as the development of important casual styles. Many of the different styles relate to the collars on the shirts, but the colars were not the only stylistic element. Some of these styles like the "buton-down" have endured over decades while others like the "shirt-jac" only lasted a season or two. Button-on shirts Some shirts for boys in the first half of the 20th century were made in the button-on style. This mean that the shirts relatively largecbutton sewn at the waistline. These buttons could thn be buttoned onto the boys pants, usually short pants, making a belt unecessary. This style was considered practical for younger boys. The button on-shorts were generally made in sizes up to about 10 years of age, occasionally for larger sizes. Rugby shirts Rugby shirts are shirts where the front buttons only go half way down the front of the shirt. The grey school shirts worn by English boys during the 1950s included some with Rugby styling. They were a popular school uniform shirt in Eglandf andf commnly worn with ties like other grey shirts for everyday school wear. (White shirts with normal styling were for special occasions.) Repton and Litchfield shirts were similar. (Repton is another English Public school.) While these shirts went out of fashion in England during the 1960s, they are still regular wear at New Zealand schools. Casual shirts with Rugby styling were also worn for football in the school colors. For actual Rugby matches they were worn with short grey flannel short pants. These shirts with the horizonal-striped "T" shirts in bold colors with a white collar and partial front buttons became very popular in America during the 1970s-80s. They became a popular casual style for American boys during the 1970s. Some designers marketed a shirt without tais that did not need to be tucked in. One company called it the Shirt Jac. One HBC contributor reports, "Several boys I went to school with told me teachers (especially gym teachers) insisted that the shirt jacs be tucked in just like shirts with tails. They evidently found the look too sloppy. Possibly some parents felt the same way. It wasn't a very commom look." Shirt Jacs weren't well received, but how often did one hear a mom or teacher tell a boy "Tuck in your shirt!" during the 1950s and 60s. It was fine to leave your shirt tail out (if you were one of the boys), but wear a shirt jac? No. Casual shirts A variety of casually styled shirts have become fashion mainstays for the modern boy. There are two basic stylesm bith collared and collarless versions. Shirt styles such as "T"-shirts and polo shirts appeared in the mid-20th century and now have become favorires among boys. We start to notice some of these casual styled shirts in the 1930s, but they become much more common in the 1940s after World War II. "T"-shirts in particular now dominate boys' casual wear. An inovation in the 1970s was "T"-shirts with logos and messages. Another very popular causual shirt type is the knit shirt. A HBC reader reports that the HBC coverage of knit shirts is indeed sketchy. Considering what a dominant role they have come to play in a boy's wardrobe, this is indeed a glaring omission. HBC hopes to rectify this and would be very interested in reader comments on knit shirts. An important new style which appeared in the mid-20th century was the sweatshirt. HBC has not yet developed information on this imprtant garment. We believe it has American oigins. I can rember sweatshirts from the 1950s and even more commoinly in the the 60s. I suspect it may have been college athletic wear to begin with--but this is just a guess at this stage. Grey sweat shirts were at first very common. Then colored sweatshirts appeared with college and franterity logos. Later spprt team logos became very popular. Categorizing the sweatshirt is complicated. It is esentially a heavy "T"-shirt. It was at first worn for sports, but now more like a pullover sweater. We note that some English schools have substituted the school jumper with sweatshirts. Figure 3.--Some boys in the 1950s and 60s wore their collar buttons closed. Some mothers saw it as proper to do so. Also notice the btton-down collar on the boy at the left. Collar Buttons Boys began the 19th century with comfortable looking open collars on their skeleton suits. Gradually as the century progressed, skeleton suits with buttoned collars, often high collars became popular. When skeleton suits went out of style. boys were wearing shirts and blouses, often with button collars. HBC is unsure as to how commonly boys wore their shirt collars buttoned. Certainly for any occasion requiring boys to dress up, a occasions we now consider informal were considered formal at the time, the collar would be buttoned. Boys attending school, for example, would usually button their collars. In part this was a function of the increasing popularity for boys to wear collar bows. To wear a bow, of course, the collar had to be buttoned. Bows were commonly worn by boys until the early 20th century. They were repaced by ruffled collars worn without bows and ties--in both cases again worn with buttoned collars. It was not until the 1920s that large numbers of boys began wearing unbottened collars. Many boys buttoned theor collars when attending school, even without ties. There were probably difference among countries, but HBC has not yet assessed this question. Gradually as the decades passed, more and more boys wore their collar unbuttoned. HBC has noted boys with buttoned collars in the 1960s and 70s, but this had largely disappeared by the 1980s. The major exception to this was the shirts worn without ties by Iranians which considered ties a Western affectation. This style has appeared in the west during the 1990s, but not commonly worn by boys. Navigate the Historic Boys' Clothing Web Site: [Boys' Clothing Home] Navigate the Historic Boys' Clothing Web chronological pages: [The 1840s] [The 1870s] [The 1880s] [The 1890s] [The 1900s] [The 1910s] [The 1920s] [The 1930s] [The 1940s] Created: May 31, 1999 Last updated: 3:48 AM 10/26/2017
IMAGINARY at Meet and Code IMAGINARY at Meet and Code Oct. 28, 2021 to Oct. 28, 2021 14:30 - 15:30 Haus des Stiftens gGmbH\|Landshuter Allee 11\|München\|80637\|DE Submitted by This online workshop (in German) will introduce participants (14 - 16 years old) to the core concepts of Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the most exciting technology of our time. But how exactly does it work? In which areas is it used? And what are its limitations? In this interactive digital event, we will all play with interactive apps and games and jointly explore some of the core concepts of AI as gradient descent or neural networks. AM A. I. is an exhibition dedicated to explain methods and concepts of Artificial Intelligence to a general audience. Featuring interactive videos that guide the visitor through the exhibits as well as so-called trails with integrated apps and games that dive deep into the scientific concepts, I AM A. I. explores novel formats for science engagement. A graphic novel about the current state of AI and a do-it-yourself-tutorial on how to build an AI using only cups and paper complete the exhibition. It started on June 10 with a digital format and will launch 2022 as an open source traveling exhibition in Germany and then internationally. Visitors are invited to “play and experiment along”, i. e. be prepared for a participative event! The goal of Meet and Code is to introduce children and young people between the ages of 8 and 24 to the world of technology and coding. The events are designed to show young people how much fun coding can be and how it can help bring ideas to life. They should learn how technology works and how IT affects our daily lives. By exploring a broad range of technology and digital topics and creative coding, they will be encouraged to develop the digital skills they need in today’s world.
What are extracellular vesicles? Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small particles released by all cells, from unicellular organisms to plants and animals. The vesicles contain proteins, genetic material and lipids that provide a report card on the health status of the cells from which they derive. EVs form a novel mechanism of inter-cellular communication and their cargos can alter the activity and makeup of neighbouring cells and distal target tissues, with profound impact on cellular function. The study of EVs is at the frontier of basic biology, and applied to biomedical research. The small extracellular particles play important roles in many normal cellular processes and also in disease but how this occurs is not always understood. EVs can be harvested from many bio-fluids, including: • blood • milk • saliva • urine • cerebrospinal fluid • media from cultured cells, bacteria and yeast External resources A compendium of exosomal proteins, RNA and lipids. A compendium of proteins, RNA and lipids TEDx Melbourne Dr Lesley Cheng's talks about her ability to test for Alzheimers and other degenerative diseases.
With the COP26 conference in Glasgow well underway, companies in Scotland and across the UK are being encouraged to recognise their responsibility in addressing the global climate crisis. Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, there has been an increased emphasis on corporate social responsibility and a strive for the private sector to transition to a low-carbon and climate resilient future. The Scottish Government has also set out its commitments relating to the recovery of the Scottish economy in a way that is green and sustainable in its recently published ‘A Fairer, Greener Scotland: Programme for Government 2021-2022’. Importantly, this recovery plan includes establishing the Business Purpose Commission for Scotland which will promote more purposeful businesses and better corporate governance. In line with this clear movement towards better corporate responsibility, one way for organisations to demonstrate social and environmental accountability for decisions they make is through achieving B Corporation Certification. B Corporations (‘B’ stands for Benefit) are certified by B Lab UK, which is a not-for-profit organisation actively working to transform the global economy to benefit society, communities and the environment. B Corp certification is given to organisations that meet a minimum score against a set of social and environmental standards. Certification needs to be renewed every three years and there is an annual fee, which scales with the revenue of the company, starting at £500. With a view to encouraging the private sector to take action in tackling the current climate emergency, B Lab UK has promised to support every B Corporation in the UK to make a Net Zero 2030 commitment by COP26. Therefore, now is an ideal time for companies to consider working towards this certification. What are B Corporations? Certified B Corporations are businesses that meet the highest standards of verified social and environmental performance, public transparency, and legal accountability to balance profit and purpose. Certifying as a B Corporation goes beyond a product or service certification. It is the only certification that measures a company’s entire social and environmental performance. B Corporations have been in existence in the United States since 2007, with brands like Ben & Jerry's and Patagonia achieving certification. Since the initiative launched in the UK in 2015, the number of B Corporations has consistently risen, and includes household names such as: Propercorn, Graze and Innocent drinks. Globally, there are currently over 3,500 Certified B Corporations in more than 70 countries. The aim of B Corporations is to contribute to, and accelerate, the global culture shift to redefine the measure of success in business and build a more inclusive and sustainable economy. Key requirements for achieving B Corporation certification B Corporation status can be achieved by receiving accreditation from B Lab UK. The assessment for certification considers the company’s performance against 5 areas of impact: Governance, Community, Workers, Environment and Customers. Scotland Can B is an organisation that supports Scottish businesses meeting the above requirements and in the general management of their social, environment and governance performance. Further information and useful resources in relation to B Corporations in Scotland can be found through the Scotland Can B website. As part of the process of certification, B Corporations are required to embed in their articles of association (constitution) an overarching commitment to have a “material positive impact on society and the environment” through their core business activities and operations. This may be achieved by creating an obligation on the board of directors to consider the impact of their decisions on all of the stakeholders of the company (rather than just the shareholders). The B Corporation status emphasises that a company has a purpose beyond that of making profit for its shareholders as a stakeholder is anyone who is affected by the actions of the company, for example, employees, members of the local community in which the business operates, or members of the community in which the business has an environmental impact. What are the benefits of becoming a B Corporation? Environmental, Social and Governance considerations (ESG) are now a key element in many financial statements and for many investors. The environmental standards to which a company must adhere in order to maintain certification, can make B Corporations increasingly attractive to consumers. A common perceived barrier to becoming a B Corporation is that the legal requirements imposed could inhibit growth and restrict the ability to focus on profit. However, it is becoming increasingly accepted that the benefits of achieving B Corporation Certification can outweigh any drawbacks. Particularly in the current employee friendly job market, B Corporation certification can give employers greater recruitment appeal. It can also increase the attractiveness of an organisation for investors, many of whom are increasingly focused on the ESG impact of their investments. For larger businesses, B Corporation status can also greatly assist with ESG reporting and audit requirements. Ultimately, companies can use B Corporation Certification as an opportunity to gain a competitive advantage whilst having a positive impact on the environment and wider society. This article was co-written by Clare Tuohy, Trainee Solicitor.
Question: Who Was Mozart? Who was with Mozart when he died? In his last days, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart toiled on his requiem with the help of his student Xaver Süßmayer. He would not finish it. The last bars were composed by Süßmayer after the death of Mozart. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was doing poorly on the eve of December 4. How did Mozart impact society? Well, Mozart played a role in the creation of today’s society. Mozart also sparked ideas for other composers and philosophers, whose ideas may have shaped governments or leaders. Modern-day society has also been impacted by this amazing composer and musician, by creating new styles of music. How old is Mozart today? (He would be 255 years old today ) Biography: Mozart was born Jan. 27, 1756 in Salzburg, Austria. Did Salieri really kill Mozart? You might be interested: What Really Fueled Salieri's Hatred And Jealousy Of Mozart? What Really Killed Mozart? What Made Mozart special? Who is the greatest musical genius of all time? At what age Mozart died? What is Mozart’s greatest piece? What Are Mozart’s Greatest Masterpieces? • Serenade No. 13 “Eine kleine Nachtmusik” • Symphony No. 41 “Jupiter” • Clarinet Concerto. The clarinet concerto is a beautiful piece, and it was the last instrumental music Mozart composed. • The Magic Flute. • Requiem. • And one more: the “Jeunehomme” Piano Concerto. Is Mozart deaf? Beethoven’s disability: He was blind Mozart went deaf though. Who hated Mozart? Gossip that Salieri hated Mozart or even tried to poison him seems to have originated after Mozart’s death in 1791. Though Salieri mourned Mozart at his funeral and even later taught Mozart’s son, he was soon linked with ugly accusations that he had caused the composer’s demise. You might be interested: Readers ask: How Did Mozart React When His Father Died? Who killed Mozart due to jealousy? Who Poisoned Beethoven? Four months before his death in March 1827, Beethoven began suffering from excessive abdominal swelling, possibly due to cirrhosis. To drain the fluid, his physician, Andreas Wawruch, punctured his abdomen with a needle. Researchers have known since 2005 that Beethoven also suffered from severe lead poisoning. Leave a Reply
back to Gallery Children's writing: improving and extending a paragraph - by Ethan Thank you for sharing your writing, Ethan! Your task was to improve a paragraph by including an extended metaphor of the fire being a monster, and add dialogue. Also, your task was to continue the story into a second paragraph. Well done for achieving this. This is a joy to read because you are now developing your ideas for both the characters and setting as a way of giving your reader more details and moving the plot forwards. To add to your extended metaphor, you have chosen personification for the fire (bursts with joy), as well as adding well-chosen verbs and adjectives to contribute to the overall atmosphere of the writing. Ending with ellipses creates tension and leaves us on a cliffhanger. Super job! Let's read! Forest Fright - by Ethan Today (a back-breaking day) started with collecting itsy-bitsy bundles of leafy twigs. The twigs that got chucked on the monstrous fire were burning down to ashes speedily. Smoke was rising, and sparks were flying high into the air. This demanding savage needed more food, fuel and care. I glared at Emma, and she glared back at me. “We have to get more twigs from the forest,” declared Emma. “It is so dark and damp out there though!” I complained. “Fine, we will stay here and try to blow the fire till it bursts with joy,” answered Emma. Both of us hesitated to trudge back to the forest to continue the torture chore: collecting debris and twigs. However, this was only the beginning. Around us was nothing but darkness and chunky trees with gargantuan canopies. We stared at our ravenous monster and sighed. Lucky for us, we had stored up loads of nourishment, enough to last us for a few days. We had two piles of fresh cheese, five packets of scrumptious bread and a heater which was accompanied by a fridge and freezer. We sat down on our well-built chairs and waited for the chicken to roast. Before long, Emma suggested getting some more bundles of twigs for the last time. Although I feared the dark, it was the only choice not to lose the fire. As terrified as scaredy-cats, we ventured off into the woods once more…
Climate change threatens productivity Although the spectre of climate change typically raises concerns about acute events such as hurricanes, droughts and heat waves, new research suggests that global warming may have a much broader chronic impact: the permanent unravelling of worker productivity due to extreme and enduring heat stress. The problem: As greenhouse gas emissions rise, so does humidity, say scientists who support the theory of global warming. This means that today's steaming hot tropical and mid-latitude regions will increase in size, heat and discomfort, making it impossible for unprotected outdoor labourers to work productively or safely during the hottest times of the year. Over the past few decades, climate change has already prompted global working capacity to drop, on average, to 90% during the peak summer season, the authors of the new study said. Worst-case projections envision a continuing plummet to levels under 40% by the year 2200. "The gist is that this problem is going to get a lot more severe in the future," said study lead author John Dunne, an oceanographer with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, in Princeton, NJ. "And while the human population has a lot of adaptations for heat stress, we need to have guidelines and be prepared." Dunne and his colleagues discuss their observations in a research letter published in the of the journal Nature Climate Change. How the study was done The US National Institutes of Health noted that the combination of extreme heat and humidity can be hazardous, resulting in heat exhaustion, heat stroke, dizziness, cramping and rashes. To conduct its analysis, the study authors first pored over data from the lab's Earth System Model as well as information collected by the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Collectively the numbers helped to paint a complex picture regarding climate-change consequences for a period that began in 1861 and stretches out to 2200. At the same time, the authors used widely accepted occupational health and safety standards to gauge when temperature and humidity conditions become unsafe for unprotected outdoor work. In terms of temperature alone, this metric put one goal post at 77 degrees Fahrenheit, a point at which work activity is not limited by weather. On the other end, 90 degrees was viewed as a "black flag" condition, in which no outdoor activity would be considered safe. By establishing the 1861 to 1960 period as a base reference, the study authors determined that today's current temperatures reveal that the globe has already warmed by nearly 2 degrees. That figure, they said, is expected to double by 2050, prompting unsafe heat-stress conditions that will cause global working capacity to fall to 80%, on average. This means that, all things equal, during the hottest months labourers in such heat-stress zones would have to work 20% less than they could have before 1960, Dunne said. Going forward, many possible scenarios could come into play, Dunne said, depending on shifting greenhouse-gas emission levels, which the team characterised as an "uncertainty" driven by technology, policy and population growth. But the team calculated that even a relatively good scenario would see a nearly 3.6-degree bump by 2200, translating into a labour-capacity slide down to 75%. And the worst-case scenario? A global drop in worker capacity to less than 35%. Heat stress difference "It's also important to understand that that's just a global average," Dunne stressed. "In some places the situation will be much worse than others. For example, in New York the temperature will rise to [84 degrees], whereas in Bahrain, which is at [nearly 83 degrees] now, it will go up to [96 degrees], which is above skin temperature." "That means a person there would be in perpetual heat stress absent air conditioning," he said. "[In Bahrain], no climatologically safe occupational labour would be allowable during the hottest months of the year, even at night. Effectively, worker capacity would be zero." Another expert weighed in on the issue. "We're talking about a situation that is very insidious because it's so subtle," said Solomon Hsiang, who in 2010, as a postdoctoral fellow at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, published a paper raising questions about the impact of global heat stress. "The problem is that one individual may not necessarily notice if the risk of heat stress makes him or her 1% less productive," said Hsiang, now an assistant professor with the Goldman School of Public Policy at the University of California, Berkeley. "But if you make a billion people 1% less productive, that will have a huge global impact." More information To learn more about heat stress, visit the US National Institutes of Health. We live in a world where facts and fiction get blurred Subscribe to News24 Voting Booth Have you entered our Health of the Nation survey? 28% - 9792 votes 72% - 24654 votes
In the wee hours of the morning today something very small did something very big very high above the Earth. NanoSail-D, a demonstration nanosatellite launched aboard the Fast, Affordable, Science and Technology Satellite (FASTSAT) last month, ejected from the mothership, marking the first time a small cubesat has been deployed from a larger autonomous microsatellite in space. All of those qualifying nano- and micro- descriptors may obscure the real achievement here, so let’s look at it another way: NASA launched an autonomous satellite, and that satellite has successfully deployed a second, smaller satellite. That’s big news for FASTSAT, which was designed to be a small, cost-effective, and independent means to launch small commercial and scientific satellites without having to piggyback on larger, expensive NASA missions. Of course, the technology proving doesn’t stop with NanoSail-D’s launch into orbit. A three-day timer is now ticking down within the nanosatellite; when it reaches zero, Nanosail-D will unfurl a solar sail boom that should deploy an entire 100-square-foot thin polymer solar sail in just five seconds. If that goes well, NanoSail-D will stay in low-Earth orbit for another 70 to 120 days, cruising on sunshine. Compact solar sails could be used to degrade satellites orbits at the ends of their lives, thus extending the length of their service by not requiring them to use the last of their propellants to de-orbit. NanoSail-D also aims to prove one other key capability: to eject from FASTSAT successfully without coming back into contact with it sometime later. We should know fairly soon if that part of the mission is also successful. If so, NASA will have demonstrated its first nanosatellite-launching microsatellite, which could change the way institutions and businesses get small payloads into space.
The Werewolf in the Ancient World (Kobo eBook) Warning message The Werewolf in the Ancient World Cover Image Available Now In a moonlit graveyard somewhere in southern Italy, a soldier removes his clothes in readiness to transform himself into a wolf. He depends upon the clothes to recover his human shape, and so he magically turns them to stone, but his secret is revealed when, back in human form, he is seen to carry a wound identical to that recently dealt to a marauding wolf. In Arcadia a man named Damarchus accidentally tastes the flesh of a human sacrifice and is transformed into a wolf for nine years. At Temesa Polites is stoned to death for raping a local girl, only to return to terrorize the people of the city in the form of a demon in a wolfskin. Tales of the werewolf are by now well established as a rich sub-strand of the popular horror genre; less widely known is just how far back in time their provenance lies. These are just some of the werewolf tales that survive from the Graeco-Roman world, and this is the first book in any language to be devoted to their study. It shows how in antiquity werewolves thrived in a story-world shared by witches, ghosts, demons, and soul-flyers, and argues for the primary role of story-telling-as opposed to rites of passage-in the ancient world's general conceptualization of the werewolf. It also seeks to demonstrate how the comparison of equally intriguing medieval tales can be used to fill in gaps in our knowledge of werewolf stories in the ancient world, thereby shedding new light on the origins of the modern phenomenon. All ancient texts bearing upon the subject have been integrated into the discussion in new English translations, so that the book provides not only an accessible overview for a broad readership of all levels of familiarity with ancient languages, but also a comprehensive sourcebook for the ancient werewolf for the purposes of research and study. Product Details ISBN-13: 9780192596291 Publisher: OUP Oxford Publication Date: January 6th, 2021
First To Know Weather California wildfire survivors fear emergency alert errors could cost human lives Posted at 7:46 PM, Sep 30, 2020 and last updated 2020-09-30 19:46:51-04 As new wildfires force tens of thousands of people out of their homes, reports are emerging of flaws in emergency alert systems throughout the west. "Where I think the false sense of security was, if something really bad is going to happen, we'll get alerted well beforehand," said Vacaville resident, Will Carlson. Carlson and several of his neighbors say they received no warnings as the Hennessey Fire inched closer to their homes. At around midnight, Carlson saw the flames moving quickly down a hill in the distance. Carlson was one of the last to leave, working frantically to help save animals on the property. "What I remember is this sinking feeling in my stomach, and this helplessness that this barn is going to go up in flames, and the horses will be burned alive," said Carlson. After making it out safely, Carlson was left wondering how this could have happened. "Every neighbor that we talked to it was the same story, we knew there was a fire in the area, we thought that we would get alerted, and nothing was said to us," said Carlson. Le'Ron Cummings, public information officer for the Solano County Sheriff's Office, says alerts went out to these areas. However, they cannot guarantee the targeted population will get the message if cell service, internet, or landline signals are impacted. He says it was determined that cellular services and power were affected by the fire. Solano County uses the Everbridge platform to alert residents via the AlertSolano program, delivering Amber Alert-style messages. Cummings says during an evacuation, the Solano County Sheriff's Office and allied law agencies do door-to-door notifications in addition to AlertSolano messaging. The Sheriff's office also uses the High-Low Siren system familiar in Europe to advise residents to evacuate immediately. Carlson says he is frustrated with the response because he believes he had full cellular service throughout the night, texting and posting to social media as he evacuated. "So I think that's where the frustration came in from that night. How many animals could have been saved? Could there have been less loss of life? And could structures have been defended better if we had more warning?" said Carlson. Carlson says two people in his neighborhood died in the fire; however, county officials say they have no reason to believe the alert system was associated with fire-related deaths. Napa County also experienced some kinks with its alert system, when a coding error prevented an alert from going out. Emergency officials say it was an error on the part of its vendor and that the message was not urgent. Staff realized the problem, and they were able to use a different platform to send out the alert. "It happens over and over again," said Art Botterell, who is now retired from the State of California's Office of Emergency Services. Botterell led the effort to develop the Common Alerting Protocol, which he says led to the creation of the FEMA Integrated Public Warning System and some products from the National Weather Service. "We've got a pretty good penetration of cellphones, sirens, and telephone dialer systems, that's not usually what breaks down. What usually breaks down is that alert is not sent in time or not sent at all," said Botterell. He says during a 2017 wildfire in Sonoma County, that would prove deadly and destructive, officials failed to send an alert, fearing it would cause panic and clog roadways. Botterell says another reason alerts are often not sent is because officials believe they don't have enough information. "It is fair to say that in a lot of cases, we have not given our public safety people the tools to issue public safety warnings effectively," said Botterell. Botterell says more training is needed and believes state and federal governments should provide more guidance to ensure effective responses. With the vulnerabilities in cellular towers and alert systems as a whole, Botterell says counties must utilize several tools to try and reach everyone. "We've got a lot of technology. Now we need to get good at using it."
YP Letters: Much hot air in scientific consensus From: Gerald Tinsley, Boston Spa. Polar bears on a chunk of ice - is this evidence of global warming? THERE is a very interesting report (The Yorkshire Post, April 11) of large areas of permafrost being thawed by warmer temperatures, and releasing quantities of carbon dioxide and methane. This is evidence that warmer global temperatures are likely to cause increases in these gases in the atmosphere. Sign up to our daily newsletter The i newsletter cut through the noise The “scientific consensus”, however, is that increase in these gases is the cause of the warming. A number of “scientists” found some (rather questionable) data where they were able to show a mathematical correlation between historical indicators of the carbon dioxide content in the Earth’s atmosphere and indicators of global temperatures over the same period of time. From this they concluded that increasing levels of carbon dioxide were the cause of increases in temperature. In concluding this, they fell into a well-known statistical trap. If we show a mathematical correlation between two sets of data (A and B), it does not prove that A causes B. There are three other possibilities, all equally likely, namely that B causes A, that A and B are both caused by some other factor, or that the correlation is purely coincidental. In any rigorous science such a correlation is regarded as an interesting lead to look for further evidence to confirm or rule out any such connection. The report of thawing permafrost and the release of gases strongly suggests to me, however, that in this case B might cause A, meaning that the rising temperature is the cause of increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, rather than the reverse. There is good evidence that the global climate is changing, but it always has been changing, and probably always will. There are very many possible causes, and we know very little about many of them: for example, how much heat is generated in the molten core of the Earth, and how much does it vary? As Galileo demonstrated in 1590, we should be very wary of any “scientific consensus”. Science does not work by consensus and there are many past cases where the consensus has been proved wrong. Wavering as a lifelong Tory From: John Redfearn, Whitby Road, Pickering. I HAVE voted Conservative all my life but I would have to think hard if there was an election tomorrow. Why are bursaries being removed from trainee nurses? Why aren’t minimum wages made at such a level as to be livable on? Why aren’t all primary school children given free school meals so as to remove the stigma for those who receive them? Why remove some disability payments from those who are genuinely disabled? Why is speeding above 30mph not given a severe penalty to discourage those who do? Why is the NHS and elderly care always short of money? And why is this not sorted as we say around here? Perhaps leadership is at fault. Maybe a new leader is required who has energy and enthusiasm to do the right thing. So how do we pay for all this? Most people are going to need the NHS and care in old age so why not have a special tax band for those earning over £25,000 a year? Those paying it will be paying for their future care for the majority grow old and will need it. When I was a boy, the wife and mother stayed at home to provide a happy home life and cared for both young and old. The wage earner received enough pay to cover all the bills but nowadays it takes two earners to pay the bills so no-one is at home doing the caring. So let’s do the right thing. After all, Theresa May in her opening speech as PM, said: “Let us be the party for everyone not just the privileged few.” A hard Brexit will cost us all From: Kamran Hussain, Yorkshire and Humber Liberal Democrats Brexit spokesperson. THE weekly shop is getting more expensive, as food prices saw the biggest increase for three years, figures from the Office for National Statistics have revealed. Meanwhile wage growth is expected to slow, leaving people worse off in real terms. The figures come as British retailers suffer a third consecutive month of falling sales, with takings down one per cent compared with March last year. The Brexit squeeze of a falling pound and rising import costs is hitting families across Yorkshire and the Humber, with higher prices in the shops leaving us all poorer. This is deeply worrying news for our economy, which has been propped up by consumer spending. The Government must urgently act to reverse this growing squeeze on living standards. The best way to protect British consumers and businesses would be to change course on Brexit and fight to stay in the Single Market. You can’t have a hard Brexit and a strong economy. Chat silenced by cacophony From: ME Wright, Harrogate. MANY will be relieved to hear that Leeds City Council is taking decisive action against noise nuisance – primarily what some, but by no means all, call “music” (The Yorkshire Post, April 12). Is there any hope that prior to licence renewal, pubs and restaurants might be required to have a designated area where we can chat comfortably, without being in direct line-of-fire from Radio Wayne or worse – genuine “background” music, not a yelling, thumping cacophony? All aflutter From: Neil Richardson, Kirkheaton. IN order to appreciate the loss of numbers among butterfly species (The Yorkshire Post, April 12), don’t readers need to know more about trends in this data, including the four worst years?
From Rosetta Code Programming Language Rcode-button-language-crushed.png As a programming language, Language/Property/URL may be used to instruct a computer to accomplish a task. Your Help Needed If you know Language/Property/URL, please write code for some of the tasks not implemented in Language/Property/URL. A generic URL property. This will not add a language to any category or perform any other special meta operations. Use this only if there is no other suitable replacement for use within the property block that already specifies or supports a URL property. 1. The URL. 2. The name of the URL target. This is a template. There are many others. See Category:RCTemplates for a complete list of templates.
request 中文 EN[ɹɪˈkwɛst] [-ɛst] 请求, 要求请求, 要求 Definition of request in English Dictionary • 名词 (Noun)PLrequestsPREré-SUF-est 1. Act of requesting (with the adposition at in the presence of possessives, and on in their absence). 1. I will marry her, sir, at your request. 2. - Shakespeare 3. The promise that arises upon an account stated, is to pay on request. 4. - The Law Journal for the Year 1832-1949: Comprising Reports, 1839 2. A formal message requesting something. 1. Condition of being sought after. 1. OBS That which is asked for or requested. 2. 动词 (Verb)SGrequestsPRrequestingPT, PPrequested 1. to express the need or desire for. 1. to ask somebody to do something. 2. 更多范例 1. 用于句中 • The program spawns a new subthread for each request made by the user. • At the request of Defence Food Research Laboratory, 14 new anacardic compounds synthesised from tetrahydroanacardol were screened for toxicity to insect and albino rats. • When the group asked why, the bouncergatekeeper, arbiter, paveside generalcharacterised this frustration and reasonable request for information as aggression. 2. 用于句尾 • Even if you do not identify yourself as a convention-goer, the hotel will figure it out by the dates you request. • The Managing Director men kind-heartedly granted his request. 1. 名词 • 可数名词 • 动词 1. en requested 2. en requests 3. en requestee 4. en requester 5. en requestor 资料来源: 维基词典 Meaning of request for the defined word. 困难度: 级别 1 容易 ➨ 困难明确性: 级别 9 明确的 ➨ 多用途
J.M.W. Turner The Fighting Temeraire 1838 painted by JMW Turner Fingal's Cave painted by JMW Turner Snow Storm by J.M.W. Turner Joseph Mallord William TURNER Humble Beginnings J.M.W. Turner was born in London, England, on April 23, 1775. His full name was Joseph Mallord William Turner. His father was a barber and he taught him to read, because Turner had little formal schooling. Although his education was limited, his study of painting and drawing was extensive. By the age of 13 he was making drawings at home and exhibiting them for sale in his father’s shop. Turner was only 15 years old when his first painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy. By the time he was 18 he had his own studio. He was only by 20 years old when print sellers clamoured to buy his drawings for reproduction. His Inspiration J.M.W. Turner was elected a Royal Academician in 1802, when he was only 27. It was during this period that he began travelling widely in Europe. He visited Venice a number of times and it soon became the inspiration of some of his finest work. However, it was the effects of sea and sky in every kind of weather that really inspired him. Although he was trained as a topographic draughtsman, he would soon develop a painting technique that became uniquely his own. Instead of merely recording what he saw, Turner translated scenes into a dramatic light-filled expression of his own romantic feelings. The Eccentric Painter As he grew older he became increasingly eccentric. He had no close friends and lived with his father for 30 years. No one was allowed to watch him paint and it was quite common for acquaintances not to see him for months at a time. Turner travelled widely, but always alone. Although he held exhibitions, he often refused to sell his work. If he was persuaded to sell a painting, he would be dejected for days. In 1850 Turner exhibited for the last time. Shortly afterwards he disappeared. Eventually he was found hiding in a house in Chelsea by his house keeper. He died on the 19th December, 1851, after a long illness. J.M.W. Turner left a large fortune that he wanted to be used to support what he called,”decaying artists.” In his will, he bequeathed his own paintings to the state. But it was many decades before the Clore Gallery was built within the Tate Gallery, London, to house his work. He is buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral. J.M.W. Turner’s Legacy Although known for his oil paintings, J.M.W. Turner is regarded as one of the founders of English watercolour landscape painting. Turner’s earliest works were watercolours in the eighteenth-century tradition of the topographical ‘tinted drawings’. A preliminary pencil outline determined the subsequent placing of the washes of colour. However, the innovations he developed in watercolour surpassed what could be achieved by the previous structured approach. With Thomas Girtin, he developed a more flexible technique capable of conveying the most subtle impressions and dramatic force of nature. His first oils were sombre in colour. However, his preoccupation with the contrasting effects of light, storms and rainbows soon changed his work. His paintings developed into almost abstract impressions of feelings, emotions and drama. He explored ideas that Impressionism, Expressionism and Abstraction would always be indebted to. Many of J.M.W. Turner’s most striking innovations first appeared in his watercolours. The Tate Gallery in London holds an impressive collection of his watercolours. In his late oil paintings the distinctions between mediums almost disappears. He was a master at delicately floating transparent films of oil paint over a white ground, like washes of watercolour on paper. Turner’s innovations and his dogged determination destroyed the artistic values of the eighteenth-century. Almost single-handedly he paved the way for the dramatic changes in art that blossomed at the end of the 19th century. If you are running a Turner Art Workshop these videos may help your children draw. Check out my YouTube Channel for great How to Draw tutorials designed for children
24 July 2021 The Chinese Communist Party celebrates – but for how long? Lavish centenary celebrations marked 100 years of the CCP, but they mask several internal tensions and insecurities, writes John West. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has just celebrated the 100th anniversary of its founding. It is now the biggest and most powerful political party in the world. It is dominated by its General Secretary Xi Jinping, who has also been Chairman of the Central Military Commission and President of the People’s Republic of China since 2012/13. President Xi is China’s most powerful leader since Chairman Mao Zedong, and arguably the world’s most powerful political figure today. This was not supposed to happen. Can it last? China’s failure to democratise It wasn’t so long ago that US political leaders like former President Bill Clinton were predicting that the opening of the Chinese economy would naturally lead to an opening of its society and political system. This idea was built on the work of American political scientists who predicted that economic development together with growing middle classes, education and urbanisation would naturally foster democratisation. The reality has proved to be quite the opposite. Many of China’s middle and upper classes are not great supporters of democracy, as they have been substantial beneficiaries of China’s rapid economic development, and rising inequality. And many are indeed members of the 90+ million strong CCP. Rather, they are supporters of the status quo, and often fear the possible impact of allowing the whole population to have a say in their nation’s politics. They often look upon poorer, rural populations as uneducated country bumpkins, who represent a potential threat to their privileged position. Another reaction of those in China’s middle and upper classes who may want democracy and freedom, has been to opt out by migrating to countries like the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Recent years have seen large flows of Chinese migration to these countries, together with massive investments in real estate and illicit financial outflows. And then there were many analysts who thought that the advent of the internet and social media could fuel democratisation, as they provide citizens with unprecedented access to information and with effective tools for political mobilization. But the internet and social media have proved to be two-edged swords in China. The government has responded by imposing censorship controls on the internet (like China’s great firewall), by disseminating propaganda through the internet, and by using the internet for the surveillance of its citizens, as seen in China’s infamous social credit system. There are also many reasons why Western democracy is seen in a bad light in China. The British referendum to leave the EU (Brexit), the election of Donald Trump to the presidency of the US, and the mismanagement of COVID-19 in the US, UK and much of Western Europe are seen as failures of democracy. Until recently, the CCP has also received unwitting support from many Western governments and businesses that have tread very softly on China’s one-party rule and its human rights abuses in return for the attraction of China’s big market and the desire to cooperate with China on issues like climate change. Fundamentally, Western discussions and debates on the possible opening up and democratisation of China are often based on a complete misunderstanding of the CCP’s worldview. The CCP sees itself as the saviour of China and Chinese civilisation from both the century of humiliation inflicted by Western countries and its civil war rival – the Chinese Nationalist Party. Continued CCP rule is thus essential for China’s national security and prosperity, notably protecting China from the US, the greatest external challenge to its national security, sovereignty and internal stability. The evolution of the CCP The CCP has, of course, evolved over the past century – from the handful of people who created it in 1921 and then the civil war period, through to the unstable and disastrous years under Chairman Mao and the success of Deng Xiaoping’s reforms and opening up. Mr Deng’s economic reforms from 1978 launched an extraordinary period of economic growth and poverty reduction, such that in four decades this once miserably poor country became a global power and political rival of the US. Mr Deng set the parameters for Chinese foreign policy with his dictum, “Hide your capacities, bide your time”. He also played a crucial role in shaping the CCP’s governance. Mr Deng once bravely stated that Chairman Mao was “70% right and 30% wrong”. And following the excesses of his authoritarianism, Mr Deng encouraged collective leadership, whereby CCP leaders should govern by consensus. Under his leadership, it was decided that China’s president could only serve two consecutive terms. President Xi revolutionises Mr Deng’s paradigm The rise of President Xi to China’s leadership has led to a revolution in Chinese politics, as he has overthrown much of Mr Deng’s legacy. To his credit, he saw the CCP in a perilous situation with rampant corruption, an enormous debt burden, and environmental problems that were undermining public support. He also had to dispose of attempted coup leader, Bo Xilai, and other rivals as he consolidated power. He has centralised all government functions around himself, and secured the abolition of presidential term limits. President Xi and his colleagues also interpreted the 2008/9 Global Financial Crisis as a sign of American decline, and a strategic opportunity for China – no more “hide and bide”. The US and China are now declared rivals, and although US President Biden has already met with Vladimir Putin, he has not yet made any effort to meet with President Xi. Indeed, he is being treated like a pariah by the West, something which must be an embarrassment to the very proud and nationalist Chinese people. Motivated by internal insecurity and a naive sense of international strength, President Xi drove the country forward with his China dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese people. This combined increased repression and human rights abuses at home, a shift back towards a more state-led economy, strident nationalism, and a resurrection of the historical importance of Chairman Mao, along with greater assertiveness internationally. It was this combination that characterised President Xi’s response to COVID-19 – initial coverup and lack of transparency, successful containment through draconian lockdowns, “wolf-warrior diplomacy”, and brazen triumphalism which has received a very frosty reception by the West, most notably at the recent G7 and NATO summits. CCP’s extravagant celebration of its 100th birthday On 1 July, the CCP held an extravagant celebration of its 100th anniversary with a typically long speech by President Xi, peppered with bravado and warnings to the rest of the world. The message was clear, “don’t mess with China”. How are we to interpret President Xi’s position and that of China today, as the CCP turns 100? President Xi and the CCP look on top of the world, as they dominate China and look more solid than the fragile West. And yet, the reality could be quite different. China’s economy looks wobbly – with its ageing population, enormous public debt, an increased emphasis on the role of inefficient state-owned enterprises, and an education system where patriotic propaganda plays a growing part. The tech war with the US is depriving Chinese tech companies of key parts and components, and President Xi’s calls for technological self-reliance and independence seem like a pipe dream, for now. China’s international relations have rarely been worse in the post-Mao period – hardly an ideal situation for an aspiring world leader. And the next generation of Chinese leaders, who will likely be deprived of their deserved positions by a Xi Jinping who hangs on as leader, cannot be happy. If there is one thing history teaches us, it is that authoritarian regimes are usually brittle—even if they seem not—and that political change can come suddenly. A possible scenario for 2022 might be a reshuffling of the CCP leadership, and a less confrontational posture towards the West. This article by John West was first published by Unravel. Tags: china, ccp Social share
PRINCIPLE. The main principle involved in freeze drying is a On 21st century, in pharmaceutical field lyophilization has become important. Lyophilization, or freeze drying, is a process in which the solvent (usually water) is: first frozen and then. – removed by sublimation in a vacuum. Freeze drying, also known as lyophilisation or cryodesiccation, is a low temperature . Bulk lyophilization of APIs is typically conducted using trays instead of glass vials. .. Food processing technology: principles and practice ( 4th ed.). Author: Mell Fenrikree Country: Turkey Language: English (Spanish) Genre: Medical Published (Last): 26 July 2015 Pages: 323 PDF File Size: 2.40 Mb ePub File Size: 9.30 Mb ISBN: 750-8-64767-900-2 Downloads: 38168 Price: Free* [*Free Regsitration Required] Uploader: Vuzuru The form of the container. Sublimation, and the qualities of the finished product are greatly dependent principke this crystal structure. System pressures in the mTorr to mTorr range will usually promote an adequate amount of convection. This regulation requires certain standards of process control and security. A laboratory example illustrates the influence of pressure in heat transfer:. Product is either pre-loaded into vials which are then transferred to the shelf or it is loaded in bulk form directly onto a product tray. This simple control will greatly improve the energy transfer and reduce primary drying times. General Principles of Freeze Drying A new form of burial luophilizer previously freeze-dries the body with liquid nitrogen has been developed by the Swedish company Promessa Organic ABwhich puts it forward as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional casket and cremation burials. In these cases, freeze-drying may not be an effective restoration method. These crystals seem to be contained in an interstitial state, still liquid, but which constitutes the principal active element of the solution. Product chambers are typically either a manifold with attached flasks, or, a larger chamber with a system of shelves on which to place the product. Contrary to widely held opinion, it is not necessary to have a very low vacuum during the sublimation period, because below the limit defined, the evaporation rate is not improved, and that too low a pressure acts as a barrier to effective heat transfer. The surface area inside the bottle being around 0. Equally important is that in liquid-phase drying there is an undesirable shrinkage and concentration of active constituents that causes damage as well as a movement of these constituents to the surface of evaporation, where they form a dense, impermeable skin that inhibits drying, and later, rehydration. Lower temperatures are required to freeze and condense solvents and they can easily bypass the condenser and end up causing damage to the vacuum pump. Secondary drying is continued until the product has acceptable moisture content for long term storage. The Pfinciple gauge, however, will give a false high reading in the presence of water vapor. Freeze Drying can only take place if the partial pressure of the vapor in the drying chamber is lower than the water vapor pressure above the product. One such method entails comparison of parallel pressure readings between a Pirani gauge and a capacitance manometer. To facilitate faster and more efficient freeze drying, larger ice crystals are preferable. As the role of the vacuum pump is limited to eliminating the tiny traces of non-condensable gases, one could conclude that the real vacuum effect is derived from principke ice condenser via the pressure differential created by the surface temperature of the product and the condenser. Frozen products can be categorized as either crystalline or amorphous glass in structure. Insure the necessary low temperature saturated suction during lyophilized secondary drying to deliver the lower vacuum levels needed for this phase. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The freezing phase is the most critical in prrinciple whole freeze-drying process, as the freezing method can impact the speed of reconstitution, duration of freeze-drying cycle, product stability, and appropriate crystallization. The liquid shelf on which the product is placed. Freeze-drying – Wikipedia However, for industrial production settings, freezing at the same rates is unrealistic because of the problems of product preparation filling, loading time and larger systems costs will dictate compromises in the same process. Each specific product or formulation that is lyophilized requires the development of a freeze drying process that is based on the unique characteristics of the product, the amount of product and the container used. This phase is identified as secondary drying. By removing the water from the material and sealing the material in a glass vialthe material can be easily stored, shipped, and later reconstituted to its original form for injection. During annealing, the product temperature is cycled for example: Freeze Drying is a complex operation, and all facets cannot be addressed in this type of explanation. Shelf-life extension is a result from low processing temperatures in conjunction with rapid transition of water through sublimation. Typically, there are multiple steps involved for both freezing and drying of the product. Pharmaceutical companies often use freeze-drying lyophilkzer increase the shelf life princile the products, such as live virus vaccines, [13] biologics [14] and other injectables. Also, the flask might break due to uneven stress. With manifold freeze drying, the process is driven by the system pressure set point and the ambient temperature in the room. Request a Quote Interested in learning more about our products? The vacuum system consists of a separate vacuum pump connected to an airtight condenser and attached product chamber. Active Pharmaceutical Product Ingredients APIs are lyophilized to achieve chemical stability under room temperature storage. Permit easy defrosting after the run. However, there are products that benefit from increased pressure as well. Major equipments used in cell culture. Primary drying is a top-down process with a well-defined sublimation front moving through the product as it dries. The difference in particulates can greatly affect product freezing and ice crystal size.
Jacques Cartier biography Who is Jacques Cartier? Familiar name? Well, now is your chance to find out. Jacques was a boy who loved going to sea since he was very young. Jacques was born on December 31, 1491, at Saint-Malo, France. He always explored the seas and was soon sent by the king of France to explore North America, and the king sent him to find gold, jewels, and other riches. He sailed on April 20, 1534, with two ships and 61 men, and arrived 20 days later. Jacques Cartier explored the west coast of Newfoundland, discovered Prince Edward Island and also found Prince Edward Island. While Jacques was at Canada, he put up a large wooden cross with the flag of France. At this point, one of the native chiefs used hand gestures to protest this act. Jacques claimed that it was simply a marker and intended to bring two of the native people to France and the chief agreed to give him two of his sons as long as they returned shortly. They did not return and the two men then served as guides. When Jacques Cartier returned from the journey and reported everything to the king, the king was really impressed. Because of that, he went back to explore the next year. He went in May with 110 men and three ships. Jacques captured two Indians and they served as guides. In that September, Cartier sailed downriver to what would become Montreal. When he got there, he was first welcomed by the people who controlled the area and even found out where he could find riches and spices, but then, the weather became wildly windy and the water way was impossible to pass. This made the people who lived there angry. In spring, Jacques captured some of the people and made his way back to France to report his findings to the king. On his last journey on the following May, Jacques made another voyage, this time with 5 ships. They set up a camp in Quebec and there, they found a lot of gold and diamonds. After getting many riches, Jacques gathered his men and went back to France. Finally and sadly, Jacques died on September 1, 1557, Saint-Malo, France credits go to:
Guide for Dust Sensor with Arduino GP2Y1010AU0F or Sharp PM2.5 Dust Sensor consists of an Infrared Emitting Diode and Phototransistor ( which we are going to discuss shortly ) which detects the reflected light of dust in air and is efficient in detecting fine particles. It is compact with low consumption current ( max of 20mA ). It is commonly used in Air Purifiers, fire alarms, etc. Typical operating voltage is 4.5V-5.5V ( Max 7V ). • Phototransistor : When we apply a potential difference across an LED, an electrical current will pass through it which will cause it to emit light. Reverse of it would be shining light on to an LED resulting in a current flow in the opposite direction as before and a potential difference is measurable across it. This setup allows LED to detect light. Following shows a simple experiment in which I used my torch and you can observe a potential difference across the LED when I shine light ( LED is shining due to torch light ).IMG_20170319_110804Also, there is a tiny current passing through the LED. To use this setup to detect light in our sensor we need to amplify it with a Transistor. Hence, this setup of a Photodiode + Transistor is called a Phototransistor. The Phototransistor used in the Dust Sensor system is an Infrared sensitive Phototransistor allowing Infrared light to penetrate. • Infrared Emitting Diode : An Infrared emitter is a source of light energy in the Infrared spectrum which transmits information from one device to another. IR diode How does it work ? As per the above description, the Infrared Emitting Diode and Phototransistor are diagonally arranged to allow it to detect the reflected light of dust in air. The principle of dust detection is mentioned in the given datasheet : Dust-Sensor-Datasheet. As mentioned in the datasheet, the resistor and capacitor is required for pulse drive of the LED. Parts Required 1. 1x Dust Sensor 2. 1x 150 Ohm Resistor 3. 1x 16V 220uF Capacitor 4. 1x Arduino UNO 5. 1x Breadboard 6. Jumper Wires Dimensions and Terminal Connections Fritzing Sketch int Dust_Analog = 0; // Arduin Pin A0 int Dust_Pin = 7; float Dust_Voltage = 0; float C_Voltage = 0; float Density_Dust = 0; void setup() Serial.begin(9600); // Baud Rate void loop() digitalWrite(Dust_Pin,LOW); // LED gets powered on delayMicroseconds(280); // The output value to be measured 0.28ms after the LED turns on ( given in datasheet ) Dust_Voltage = analogRead(Dust_Analog); // Read the raw value digitalWrite(Dust_Pin,HIGH); // LED gets turned off C_Voltage = Dust_Voltage * (5.0 / 1024.0); Density_Dust = 0.17 * C_Voltage - 0.1; Serial.print("Raw Signal Value : "); Serial.print(" - Voltage: "); Serial.print(" - Dust Density: "); Serial.println(Density_Dust); // mg/m3 Upload the code in Arduino IDE and keep the Baud Rate at 9600. To install Arduino IDE, visit : According to the datasheet, the dust density characteristics of GP2Y1010AU0F are given below : Dust Density Characteristics Final Thoughts For an experimental basis, try plotting the dust density values on Processing. Check out my previous Processing tutorials to get hands on Processing. Thank you for visiting the website. In case of any doubt, feel free to ask. Saumitra Kapoor 1 Comment 1. Warez says: Reply Thanks for the post! Leave a Reply to Warez Cancel reply
Othello Essay Example: Iago’s Manipulation André Malraux once said, “Man is not what he thinks he is, he is what he hides.” The characters of Othello face these words with Iago, the antagonist of Othello. The main conflict of Othello is that Iago, an ancient to Othello, a moorish general of the Venetian army, wants to overtake Othello in the army and believes he deserves a higher position coupled with his dislike of Othello. Iago conceives a plan involving deception of Othello and playing with many of the characters emotions to create dangerous conflicts and grudges. Although Iago is largely perceived as a respectable, honest person by the characters of Othello, he is actually manipulative, two-faced, and immoral because he plots to destroy Othello using lies and tricks and does not care about who he harms while doing so. In Act 1, it is established that Iago is perceived as an honest and respectable person by the characters. As Iago speaks to characters such as Roderigo, Barbantio, and even Othello himself it becomes clear that he has built up a reputation of being a respectable person, despite his low position. His respected reputation is shown clearly when Iago goes to Barbantio to tell him that Othello has married his daughter in secret, and asks Barbantio to trust him, saying “If this be known to you and your allowance, we then have done you bold and saucy wrongs, but if you know not this my manners tell me we have your wrong rebuke. Do not believe that, from the sense of all civility, I thus would play and trifle your reverence.” (Othello 1.1.142-147) This quote shows that Iago presents himself as one identity, someone noble and trustworthy to Barbantio in order to gain his trust. The behavior and reassuring words that Iago speak likely is the case with many of the other characters, thus Iago has become well liked and trusted within the ranks of the Venetian army and with Venetian nobility. His perceived identity, however, turns out to be a facade and much different from his actual identity. Through Act 2, Iago reveals himself to us continuously that he is two-faced and deceptive. As Iago’s plot and therefore the conflict develops further and starts taking more noticeable action, the characters perceived identity of Iago strays further from his actual reality. This is shown when Iago manages to get Othello’s second in command dismissed through deception, and he reflects on how he will manipulate Othello into getting what he wants, saying “Make the Moor thank me, love me, and reward me for making him egregiously an ass and practicing upon his peace and quiet even to madness.” (Othello 2.⅔.330) The quote shows how, despite Iago’s helpful, respectful attitude towards Othello in their direct interactions, Iago is always putting up a facade around him in order to plan behind his back and ultimately destroy him for Iago’s own benefit. This separation between Iago’s perceived versus actual reality only furthers in Act 3. Iago’s True Identity Iago’s true identity deepens as the conflict progresses into something much darker and dangerous in Act 3. As Iago’s plot begins to have tangible, negative consequences on the characters, Iago further manipulates them and maintains his reputation of trust with the characters he is destroying. The ironic situation is shown when Othello confesses to Iago that he does not know if his wife Desdemona is cheating on him. Iago has been plotting and planting seeds of lies to convince Othello that Desdemona is unloyal, but he acts kind to Othello and offers advice, saying “O, beware, my lord, of Jealousy! It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock the meat it feeds on.” (Othello 3.3.195) The quote shows the irony of Othello and Iago as a character. Iago acts reassuring and empathetic towards Othello, even offering him advice on how to proceed, but Othello’s issue was created by Iago, and Iago is continuing to further the conflict in order to get what he desires. This is why Iago is not actually his perceived reality. Iago proves over the course of Othello that he is two-faced and manipulative in order to exploit the characters for his own wants. Iago is manipulative, two-faced, and immoral, shown by his morals and actions, but manages to manipulate the characters into believing the opposite. This portrayal of Iago allows us to reflect on how rumors, spread by deceitful and selfish people, can quickly become dangerous and destructive, and that the reality we perceive is not always the true reality. The world holds its’ fair share of deceit, lies, and envy, and Shakespeare highlights this to teach us lessons about reality in the text of Othello.
Device to Overcome Sense of Sight and Hear Device to Overcome Sense of Sight and Hear SENSE OF SIGHT…. The eyes are sensory organs. They keep the brain updated with information about is what happening around the body. Both contain millions of tiny sensors that send messages along nerves to the brain. Sensors in the eyes respond to light and, through the brain, let us see the world. Sensors in the skin respond to touch and allows us to feel. * * * * The seeing eye… Light enters the eye through the clear cornea. It then passes through the pupil and is focused by the lens on the retina. This thin layer covers the back of the eye and contains cells that are sensitive to light. When light hits the cells, they send signals to the brain. There, the signals are turned into pictures so we can see. Telescope… A telescope is an instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light). The first known practical telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century, using glass lenses. They found use in terrestrial applications and astronomy. Within a few decades, the reflecting telescope was invented, which used mirrors. How to use… * Find an area where the items you wish to view aren’t obstructed by trees to set up your telescope so that you get a clear view of the sky. * Look to see if your telescope has a polar axis. If it does, it will track whatever you are looking at. If you have a telescope with a polar axis, follow your manufacturer’s directions on how to align the polar axis and the finder scope. * Select the eyepiece with the lowest magnification that you have. Always start with the lowest magnification eyepiece until you become more experienced in using your telescope. Locate the item in the night sky that you wish to observe and focus in on it. Move the planet or star you are viewing as close to the center of the field of view in the eyepiece as possible. * Remove the low magnification eyepiece and replace it with an eyepiece with a higher magnification. * Readjust the alignment of the telescope when the planet or star drifts out of view if you have a manual telescope mount. * Continue in this manner, observing different visible planets and stars. Binoculars … Binoculars, field glasses or binocular telescopes are a pair of identical or mirror-symmetrical telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point accurately in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant objects. Most are sized to be held using both hands, although sizes vary widely from opera glasses to large pedestal mounted military models. Many different abbreviations are used for binoculars, including glasses, nocs ,noculars , binos and bins. Unlike a (monocular) telescope, binoculars give users a three-dimensional image: for nearer objects the two views, presented to ach of the viewer’s eyes from slightly different viewpoints, produce a merged view with an impression of depth. History … No sooner was the telescope invented in than the early 1600s than did astronomers get the idea of mounting two of them together, effectively inventing the first binoculars. Galileo (who is often falsely credited with having invented binoculars) adapted an earlier design, using optics that combined convex and concave lenses to create a magnifying effect just like that used today in the cheapest nonprismatic glasses marketed for sports or theater viewing, or for use by children. In the mid-1850s, Ignazio Porro of Italy patented a design using two prisms constructed in a Z shape to present the viewer with an image that not only is better magnified, but has depth. The Porro prism design was followed a few decades later by the roof prism, in which the prisms are constructed in one unit. Soon, binoculars were adapted for military use, and were employed during the Civil War. Quality made a big jump around the turn of the 19th century, and continued to be refined in the early 1900s. With the advent of World War II, more manufacturers entered the binoculars market, including, in the United States, Bausch ; Lomb. Germany continued with its production of highly regarded binoculars, with a few changes. For example, Zeiss, one of the top names in binoculars, experienced a confusing shift, with a new factory established in East Germany under Russian control with the Zeiss name while another factory named Zeiss was began exporting from West Germany, according to a history in the 1961 book Binoculars and Scopes and Their Uses in Photography, by Robert J. and Elsa Reichert. Japan exports binoculars via various manufacturers, and some U. S. ompanies import Japanese-made binoculars but sell them under the U. S. company name. How to use… * Put the binocular strap around your neck. Wearing the neck-strap gives you the ability to use both hands while you are using the binoculars. * Adjust the barrels of the binoculars — each side you look into — to the width of your face. Generally, all you need to do is move the barrels closer together or further apart as you hold the binoculars up to your eyes. If you have adjusted the binoculars correctly, you should not see a black “border” when you look through the eyepieces. Locate the central focus wheel, usually in the middle of the two barrels of the binoculars. Turn the wheel slowly as you look at a particular object in the distance to get the best focus for your eyes. * Fine-tune your viewing even more if you have a diopter focus mechanism on your binoculars. Not all binoculars have this focus element, which helps compensate for the difference in vision that you might experience in each of your eyes. The diopter focus adjustment wheel is usually on the right-hand barrel. * Keep both eyes open as you view your target objects. You might need to re-focus from time to time. * Clean your binoculars after using them. A soft, damp cloth is sufficient for the body of the binoculars. Treated tissue paper used to clean cameras and eye glasses is safe for wiping the lenses. Store binoculars in their carrying case when you’re not using them. Microscope … A microscope (from the Ancient Greek: ?????? , mikros, “small” and ??????? , skopein, “to look” or “see”) is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy . Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope. There are many types of microscopes, the most common and first to be invented is theoptical microscope which uses light to image the sample. Other major types of microscopes are the electron microscope (both the transmission electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope) and the various types of scanning probe microscope History … The first microscope to be developed was the optical microscope, although the original inventor is not easy to identify. An early microscope was made in 1590 in Middelburg, Netherlands. 1] Two eyeglass makers are variously given credit: Hans Lippershey (who developed an early telescope) and Zacharias Janssen. Giovanni Faber coined the namemicroscope for Galileo Galilei’s compound microscope in 1625 [2] (Galileo had called it the “occhiolino” or “little eye”). How to use…. * When moving your microscope, always carry it with both hands (Figure 1, below). Grasp the arm with one hand and place the other hand under the base for support. * Turn the revolving nosepiece so that the lowest power objective lens is “clicked” into position (This is also the shortest objective lens). Your microscope slide should be prepared with a coverslip or cover glass over the specimen. This will help protect the objective lenses if they touch the slide. Place the microscope slide on the stage and fasten it with the stage clips. You can push down on the back end of the stage clip to open it. * Look at the objective lens and the stage from the side (Figure 2) and turn the coarse focus knob so that the objective lens moves downward (or the stage, if it moves, goes upward). Move it as far as it will go without touching the slide! * 5. Now, look through the eyepiece and adjust the illuminator (or mirror) and diaphragm (Figure 3) for the greatest amount of light. \| \| \| * Slowly turn the coarse adjustment so that the objective lens goes up (away from the slide). Continue until the image comes into focus. Use the fine adjustment, if available, for fine focusing. If you have a microscope with a moving stage, then turn the coarse knob so the stage moves downward or away from the objective lens. * Move the microscope slide around so that the image is in the center of the field of view and readjust the mirror, illuminator or diaphragm for the clearest image. Now, you should be able to change to the next objective lenses with only minimal use of the focusing adjustment. Use the fine adjustment, if available. If you cannot focus on your specimen, repeat steps 4 through 7 with the higher power objective lens in place. Do not allow the objective lens to touch the slide! * The proper way to use a monocular microscope is to look through the eyepiece with one eye and keep the other eye open (this helps avoid eye strain). If you have to close one eye when looking into the microscope, it’s ok. Remember, everything is upside down and backwards. When you move the slide to the right, the image goes to the left! * Do not touch the glass part of the lenses with your fingers. Use only special lens paper to clean the lenses. * When finished, raise the tube (or lower the stage), click the low power lens into position and remove the slide. * Always keep your microscope covered when not in use. Submarine… A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term submarine most commonly refers to a large crewed autonomous vessel. However, historically or colloquially, submarine can also refer to medium-sized or smaller vessels (midget submarines, wet subs), remotely operated vehiclesor robots. The adjective submarine, in terms such as submarine cable, means “under the sea”. The noun submarine evolved as a shortened form of submarine boat(and is often further shortened to sub). [1] For reasons of naval traditionsubmarines are usually referred to as “boats” rather than as “ships”, regardless of their size. Although experimental submarines had been built before, submarine design took off during the 19th century, and they were adopted by several navies. Submarines were first widely used during World War I (1914–1918) and now figure in many large navies. Military usage includes attacking enemy surface ships or submarines, aircraft carrier protection, blockaderunning, ballistic missile submarines as part of a nuclear strike force, reconnaissance, conventional land attack (for example using acruise missile), and covert insertion of special forces. Civilian uses for submarines include marine science, salvage, exploration and facility inspection/maintenance. Submarines can also be modified to perform more specialized functions such as search-and-rescue missions or undersea cable repair. Submarines are also used in tourism, and for undersea archaeology. Most large submarines consist of a cylindrical body with hemispherical (and/or conical) ends and a vertical structure, usually located amidships, which houses communications and sensing devices as well as periscopes. In modern submarines this structure is the “sail” in American usage, and “fin” in European usage. A “conning tower” was a feature of earlier designs: a separate pressure hull above the main body of the boat that allowed the use of shorter periscopes. There is a propeller (or pump jet) at the rear and various hydrodynamic control fins as well as ballast tanks. Smaller, deep diving and specialty submarines may deviate significantly from this traditional layout. Submarines have one of the largest ranges of capabilities in any vessel, ranging from small autonomous examples to one- or two-person vessels operating for a few hours, to vessels which can remain submerged for 6 months such as the Russian Typhoon class – the biggest submarines ever built and in use. Submarines can work at greater depths than are survivable or practical for human divers. Modern deep diving submarines are derived from the bathyscaphe, which in turn was an evolution of the diving bell. History… The first submersible of which we have reliable information on its construction was built in 1620 by Cornelius Drebbel, a Dutchman in the service of James I of England. It was created to the standards of the design outlined by English mathematician William Bourne. It was propelled by means of oars. The precise nature of the submarine type is a matter of some controversy; some claim that it was merely a bell towed by a boat. Two improved types were tested in the Thames between 1620 and 1624. In 2002 a two-person version of Bourne’s design was built for the BBC TV programme Building the Impossible by Mark Edwards, and successfully rowed under water at Dorney Lake, Eton. Though the first submersible vehicles were tools for exploring under water, it did not take long for inventors to recognize their military potential. The strategic advantages of submarines were set out by Bishop John Wilkins of Chester, England, in Mathematicall Magick in 1648: 1. This private: a man may thus go to any coast in the world invisibly, without discovery or prevented in his journey. 2. This safe, from the uncertainty of Tides, and the violence of Tempests, which do never move the sea above five or six paces deep. From Pirates and Robbers which do so infest other voyages; from ice and great frost, which do so much endanger the passages towards the Poles. 3. It may be of great advantages against a Navy of enemies, who by this may be undermined in the water and blown up. 4. It may be of special use for the relief of any place besieged by water, to convey unto them invisible supplies; and so likewise for the surprisal of any place that is accessible by water. 5. It may be of unspeakable benefit for submarine experiment How it work… The adaptations and inventions that allow sailors to not only fight a battle, but also live for months or even years underwater are some of the most brilliant developments in military history. In this article, you will see how a submarine dives and surfaces in the water, how life support is maintained, how the submarine gets its power, how a submarine finds its way in the deep ocean and how submarines might be rescued. Ultrasound scanning device… Ultrasound is a cyclic sound pressure wave with a frequency greater than the upper limit of the human hearing range. Ultrasound is thus not separated from “normal” (audible) sound based on differences in physical properties, only the fact that humans cannot hear it. Although this limit varies from person to person, it is approximately 20 kilohertz (20,000 hertz) in healthy, young adults. Ultrasound devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz. Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasonic imaging (sonography) is used in human and veterinary medicine. In non-destructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning and for mixing, and to accelerate chemical processes. Organisms such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles. Ultrasonics is the application of ultrasound. Ultrasound can be used for imaging, detection, measurement, and cleaning. At higher power levels ultrasonics are useful for changing the chemical . History … Acoustics, the science of sound, starts as far back as Pythagoras in the 6th century BC, who wrote on the mathematical properties of stringed instruments. Sir Francis Galton constructed a whistle producing ultrasound in 1893. The first technological application of ultrasound was an attempt to detect icebergs by Paul Langevin in 1917. The piezoelectric effect discovered by Jacques and Pierre Curie in 1880 was useful in transducers to generate and detect ultrasonic waves in air and water. [2] Echolocation in bats was discovered byLazzaro Spallanzani in 1794, when he demonstrated that bats hunted and navigated by inaudible sound and not vision. How it works… There are many reasons to get an ultrasound. Perhaps you’re pregnant, and your obstetrician wants you to have an ultrasound to check on the developing baby or determine the due date. Maybe you’re having problems with blood circulation in a limb or your heart, and your doctor has requested a Doppler ultrasound to look at the blood flow. Ultrasound has been a popular medical imaging technique for many years. Ultrasound or ultrasonography is a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves and their echoes. The technique is similar to the echolocation used by bats, whales and dolphins, as well as SONAR used by submarines. In this article, we’ll look at how ultrasound works, what type of ultrasound techniques are vailable and what each technique can be used for. Magnifying glass… A magnifying glass (called a hand lens in laboratory contexts) is a convex lens that is used to produce a magnified image of an object. The lens is usually mounted in a frame with a handle (see image). A sheet magnifier consists of many very narrow concentric ring-shaped lenses, such that the combination acts as a single lens but is much thinner. This arrangement is known as aFresnel lens. The magnifying glass is an icon of detective fiction, particularly that of Sherlock Holmes. History … The earliest evidence of “a magnifying device, a convex lens forming a magnified image” was Aristophanes’s “lens”, from 424 BC, a glass globe filled with water. (Seneca wrote that it could be used to read letters “no matter how small or dim”). [1] Roger Bacon described the properties of a magnifying glass in 13th-century England. Eyeglasses were developed in 13th-century Italy. How it works… The magnification of a magnifying glass depends upon where it is placed between the user’s eye and the object being viewed, and the total distance between them. The magnifying power is equivalent to angular magnification (this should not be confused with optical power, which is a different quantity). The magnifying power is the ratio of the sizes of the images formed on the user’s retina with and without the lens. [3] For the “without” case, it is typically assumed that the user would bring the object as close to the eye as possible without it becoming blurry. This point, known as the near point, varies with age. In a young child it can be as close as 5 cm, while in an elderly person it may be as far as one or two metres. Magnifiers are typically characterized using a “standard” value of 0. 25 m. The highest magnifying power is obtained by putting the lens very close to the eye and moving the eye and the lens together to obtain the best focus. The object will then typically also be close to the lens. Sense of hearing… Hearing, auditory perception, or audition is the ability to perceive sound by detectingvibrations, changes in the pressure of the surrounding medium through time, through an organ such as the ear. Sound may be heard through solid, liquid, or gaseous matter. It is one of the traditional five senses. It is often used to listen to lung and heart sounds. It is also used to listen to intestines and blood flow in arteries and veins. In combination with asphygmomanometer, it is commonly used for measurements of blood pressure. Less commonly, “mechanic’s stethoscopes” are used to listen to internal sounds made by machines, such as diagnosing a malfunctioning automobile engine by listening to the sounds of its internal parts. Stethoscopes can also be used to check scientific vacuum chambers for leaks, and for various other small-scale acoustic monitoring tasks. A stethoscope that intensifies auscultatory sounds is called phonendoscope. History… The stethoscope was invented in France in 1816 by Rene Laennec at the Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital in Paris. [1] It consisted of a wooden tube and was monaural. His device was similar to the common ear trumpet, a historical form of hearing aid; indeed, his invention was almost indistinguishable in structure and function from the trumpet, which was commonly called a “microphone”. The first flexible stethoscope of any sort may have been a binaural instrument with articulated joints not very clearly described in 1829. 2] In 1840,Golding Bird described a stethoscope he had been using with a flexible tube. Bird was the first to publish a description of such a stethoscope but he noted in his paper the prior existence of an earlier design (which he thought was of little utility) which he described as the snake ear trumpet. Bird’s stethoscope had a single earpiece. [3] In 1851, Irish physician Arthur Leared invented a binaural stethoscope, and in 1852 George Cammann perfected the design of the instrument for commercial production, which has become the standard ever since. This re-conceptualiization occurred in part, Duffin argues, because prior to the stethoscopes, there were no non-lethal instruments for exploring internal anatomy. [4] Rappaport and Sprague designed a new stethoscope in the 1940s, which became the standard by which other stethoscopes are measured, consisting of two sides, one of which is used for the respiratory system, the other for the cardiovascular system. The Rappaport-Sprague was later made by Hewlett-Packard. HP’s medical products division was spun off as part of Agilent Technologies, Inc. , where it became Agilent Healthcare. Agilent Healthcare was purchased byPhilips which became Philips Medical Systems, before the walnut-boxed, $300, original Rappaport-Sprague stethoscope was finally abandoned ca. 2004, along with Philips’ brand (manufactured by Andromed, of Montreal, Canada) electronic stethoscope model. The Rappaport-Sprague model stethoscope was heavy and short (18–24 in (46–61 cm)) with an antiquated appearance recognizable by their two large independent latex rubber tubes connecting an exposed-leaf-spring-joined-pair of opposing “f”-shaped chrome-plated brass binaural ear tubes with a dual-head chest piece. How to use… * Clean off the earpieces before placing the stethoscope into your ears, especially if others share it or you seldom use it. In the hospital, earpieces are wiped with alcohol prep swabs. * Hold the chest piece between your palms to warm it before placing it on a person’s chest. Thirty seconds is usually long enough to remove the chill. * Place the stethoscope into your ears. * Hold the chest piece in your hand. With the other hand, tap a finger against the chest piece and listen. Many stethoscopes have reversible heads, which can be incompletely swiveled and block sound. Grip the chest piece between your middle and index fingers to provide firm contact with the skin. * To minimize extraneous noises, avoid touching or rubbing the tubing or chest piece against clothing, bedcovers or hair. * Place the chest piece onto the part of the body you want to listen to. For the heart, this is a few inches above the left nipple. You should hear a steady “lub dub. ” This is known as the apical pulse. * Store your stethoscope so that the tubing isn’t kinked when you put it away. In hospitals, when stethoscopes are not being used, they’re generally hung by their earpieces so that the tubing can dangle freely. Loudhailer… A megaphone, speaking-trumpet, bullhorn, blowhorn, or loud hailer is a portable, usually hand-held, cone-shaped acoustic horn used to amplify a person’s voice or othersounds and direct it in a given direction. The sound is introduced into the narrow end of the megaphone, by holding it up to the face and speaking into it, and the sound waves radiate out the wide end. The megaphone increases the volume of sound by increasing the acoustic impedance seen by the vocal cords, matching the impedance of the vocal cords to the air, so that more sound power is radiated. It also serves to direct the sound waves in the direction the horn is pointing. It somewhat distorts the sound of the voice because thefrequency response of the megaphone is greater at higher sound frequencies. Since the 1970s the voice-powered acoustic megaphone described above has been replaced by theelectric megaphone, which uses electric power to amplify the voice. History… The initial inventor of the speaking trumpet is a subject of historical controversy, as both Samuel Morland and Athanasius Kircher lay claim to the device. Morland, in a work published in 1655, wrote about his experimentation with different horns and his most successful variant. This loudest horn was made of over 20 feet of copper and could supposedly project vocalizations as far as a mile and a half. [1] Twenty years earlier, Kircher described a device that could be used for both broadcasting on one end and “overhearing” on the other. His coiled horn would be wedged into the side of a building, connecting a speaker or listener inside with the surrounding environment. Morland favored a straight, tube-shaped speaking device, where an initial sound would reverberate in waves through the instrument and gradually become louder. Kircher’s horn, on the other hand, utilized a “cochleate” design, where the horn was twisted and coiled, unlike Morland’s design. A later, papier-mache trumpet of special design was the Sengerphone. [2] The term ‘megaphone’ was first associated with Thomas Edison’s instrument 200 years later. In 1878, Edison developed a device similar to the speaking trumpet in hopes of benefiting the deaf and hard of hearing. His variation included three separate funnels lined up in a row. The two outer funnels, which were six feet and eight inches long, were made of paper and connected to a tube inserted in each ear. The middle funnel was similar to Morland’s speaking trumpet, but had a larger slot to insert a user’s mouth. [3] With Edison’s megaphone, a low whisper could be heard a thousand feet away, while a normal tone of voice could be heard roughly two miles away. On the listening end, the receiver could hear a low whisper at a thousand feet away. However the apparatus was much too large to be portable, limiting its use. George Prescott wrote: “The principal drawback at present is the large size of the apparatus. ” Since the 1960s acoustic megaphones have generally been replaced by electric versions (below), although the cheap, light, rugged acoustic megaphone is still used in a few venues, like cheering at sporting events, cheerleading, and by lifeguards at pools and beaches where the moisture could damage the electronics of electric megaphones. How to use… * Hold the megaphone several inches from your mouth with the small end toward you and the large end away from you. * Point the large end of the megaphone toward the crowd you wish to exhort. Speak loudly or shout into the small end. * Wait for the crowd’s response, then repeat Step 3 as necessary. Sonar… Sonar (originally an acronym for Sound Navigation And Ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels. Two types of technology share the name “sonar”: passive sonar is essentially listening for the sound made by vessels; active sonar is emitting pulses of sounds and listening for echoes. History… Although some animals (dolphins and bats) have used sound for communication and object detection for millions of years, use by humans in the water is initially recorded by Leonardo Da Vinci in 1490: a tube inserted into the water was said to be used to detect vessels by placing an ear to the tube. [1] In the 19th century an underwater bell was used as an ancillary to lighthouses to provide warning of hazards. The use of sound to ‘echo locate’ underwater in the same way as bats use sound for aerial navigation seems to have been prompted by the Titanic disaster of 1912. The world’s first patent for an underwater echo ranging device was filed at the British Patent Office by English meteorologist Lewis Richardson a month after the sinking of the Titanic,[2] and a German physicist Alexander Behm obtained a patent for an echo sounder in 1913. The Canadian engineer Reginald Fessenden, while working for the Submarine Signal Company in Boston, built an experimental system beginning in 1912, a system later tested in Boston Harbor, and finally in 1914 from the U. S. Revenue (now Coast Guard) Cutter Miami on the Grand Banks off Newfoundland Canada. 2][3] In that test, Fessenden demonstrated depth sounding, underwater communications (Morse Code) and echo ranging (detecting an iceberg at two miles (3 km) range). [4][5] The so-called Fessenden oscillator, at ca. 500 Hz frequency, was unable to determine the bearing of the berg due to the 3 metre wavelength and the small dimension of the transducer’s radiating face (less than 1 metre in diameter). The ten Montreal-built British H class submarines launched in 1915 were equipped with aFessenden oscillator. [6] During World War I the need to detect submarines prompted more research into the use of sound. The British made early use of underwater hydrophones, while the French physicist Paul Langevin, working with a Russian immigrant electrical engineer, Constantin Chilowski, worked on the development of active sound devices for detecting submarines in 1915 using quartz. Although piezoelectricand magnetostrictive transducers later superseded the electrostatic transducers they used, this work influenced future designs. Lightweight sound-sensitive plastic film and fibre optics have been used for hydrophones (acousto-electric transducers for in-water use), while Terfenol-D and PMN (lead magnesium niobate) have been developed for projectors. How to use… * Install the transmitter. You’ll usually have a choice between mounting the transmitter beneath the boat, to a trolling motor or atop the interior hull and letting it drop into the water. * Set the fish finding sonar’s sensitivity while watching the display. When the sensitivity is too high, there will be static-like patterns on the display. If the sensitivity is too low, not even the bottom of the body of the water will appear on screen. * 3 * Determine the depth of the body of water. This will be a numeric value on the fish finder sonar system’s display. This is important in helping you to determine how much fishing line to feed out from your pole. * Get accustomed to the display’s representation of the body of water. The bottom will appear as a jagged, solid line near the bottom of your display. The surface of the water appears as a jumbled static-filled horizontal line at the top of your fish finder sonar system’s display. * Learn to identify patterns on your display that are brush piles if you’re fishing on a lake. Brush piles appear as blobs resting on the lake bottom. Fish such as bass hide out in brush piles, so consider fishing near these echoes. * Learn how to identify fish on your fish finder sonar system display with the fish symbols turned off. With the symbols turned off, fish appear as short curved lines above the bottom of the body of water. Adjust the fish finder sonar’s noise filter if there are lines in your display that look like random static. * Remember what the fish finder sonar display was indicating when you catch a fish. This will help you to learn how to use your system to catch more fish later if you keep in mind what to look for.
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Graph Convolution Network - A Practical Implementation of Vertex Classifier and it's Mathematical Basis Posted September 25, 2021 by Gowri Shankar ‐ 10 min read Traditional deep learning algorithms work in the Euclidean space because the dataset is transformed and represented in one or two dimensions. This approach results in loss of information, especially on the relationship between two entities. For example, the network organization of the brain suggests that the information is stored in the neuronal nexus. i.e Neurons fire together, wire together - Hebbian Theory. The knowledge of togetherness or relationships can be ascertained strongly in the non-Euclidean space in the form of Graphs Networks. Such intricate graph networks are evolved to maximize efficiency and efficacy in the form of information transfer at a minimum cost(energy utilization) to accomplish complex tasks. Though the graph networks solve the spatial challenges to certain extents, temporal challenges are yet to be addressed. Extending DNN theories with the graph is the current trend, e.g. an image can be considered as a specialized graph where the pixels have relation to their adjacent ones, to perform a Graph Convolution. In this post, we shall realize a Graph Convolution Network(GCN) inspired by a few popular pieces of literary work and study the mathematical foundation behind it. This is our second post on Graphs and Graph Neural Networks where I tried my best to render the ideas from theory to practical implementation. Please refer to the previous post here, This post is a walk-through of Khalid Salama’s tutorial on Node Classification with Graph Neural Networks. I thank Khalid for his simplified explanation of GCN and its implementation. The primary objective of this post is to implement the GCN concept using Tensorflow and our goal is to implement the Graph Convolution Layer from scratch. In this quest, We shall study the math behind GCNs. We are building a Graph Convolution based Graph Neural Network in this post, our data comes from the Cora dataset consists of scientific publications classified into one of 7 classes. Total 2708 scientific papers are classified as follows, 1. Neural_Networks (818) 2. Probabilistic_Methods (426) 3. Genetic_Algorithms (418) 4. Theory (351) 5. Case_Based (298) 6. Reinforcement_Learning (217) 7. Rule_Learning (180) The Cora dataset consists of 2708 scientific publications classified into one of seven classes. The citation network consists of 5429 links. indicating the absence/presence of the corresponding word from the dictionary. The dictionary consists of 1433 unique words. - Cora by Arnaud Barragao Our focus is more towards understanding the GNN architecture and the math behind it rather than arriving at a perfect graph model that classifies the publications based on the citations. Further, this post covers ideas present in the following 4 papers import tensorflow as tf import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from utils import read_data, preprocess, visualize_graph, train_test_split, train_fn, display_learning_curves, create_ffn Dataset and Preprocessing I have written a few utility functions to download the data from the Cora repository and preprocess it. subject column points to the class of the publications and the columns with the prefix term is the presence of a term marked ${0, 1}$ for absence and presence respectively. The term columns are our feature vector for the publication identified by the paper_id column. In our second table, we have the citation record with two columns, target where the cited paper id is mentioned and source the paper of interest. We convert the paper_ids and subject to the zero-based index for easy processing. papers, citations = read_data() papers_orig = papers.copy() citations_orig = citations.copy() print(papers.shape, citations.shape) (2708, 1435) (5429, 2) 5 rows × 1435 columns papers, citations, class_values, class_idx, paper_idx = preprocess(papers, citations) visualize_graph(papers, citations) Features, Train/Test Splitting The method train_test_split randomly samples half the data for training and the remaining half for testing. train_data, test_data = train_test_split(papers) feature_names = set(papers.columns) - {"paper_id", "subject"} num_features = len(feature_names) num_classes = len(class_idx) x_train = train_data[feature_names].to_numpy() x_test = test_data[feature_names].to_numpy() y_train = train_data["subject"] y_test = test_data["subject"] Train data shape: (1337, 1435) Test data shape: (1371, 1435) Graph Data Preparation Preparing data for a graph model is the most cumbersome part of the GNN models. We are taking a simple approach by constructing the following 1. Node Features: This is the feature matrix that represents the terms present in the literature of dimension ${n_{nodes} \times n_{features}}$ 2. Edges: An adjacency matrix represented as a sparse matrix of dimension ${n_{edge} \times n_{edge}}$ 3. Edge Weight: We consider all edges are equally weighted and it is $1^s$ of feature count. edges = citations[["source", "target"]].to_numpy().T edge_weights = tf.ones(shape=edges.shape[1]) node_features = tf.cast( papers.sort_values("paper_id")[feature_names].to_numpy(), dtype=tf.dtypes.float32 graph_info = (node_features, edges, edge_weights) print("Edges shape:", edges.shape) print("Nodes shape:", node_features.shape) Edges shape: (2, 5429) Nodes shape: (2708, 1433) Building a GNN Model This section has 2 parts, 1. Building a Graph Convolution Layer from the scratch in Tensorflow without using any sophisticated graph libraries 2. Subsequently build a GNN Node Classifier using a Feed-Forward Network and the Graph Convolution Layer Following are the hyperparameters used for training the model. Graph Convolution Layer Basics Graph convolution module performs 3 steps, 1. Linear Transformation 2. Neighborhood Aggregation Strategy 3. Readout Functions Before getting into the details, let us bring in the mathematical basis for GNN models $$let$$ $$\Large G = (V, E) \tag{1. Graph}$$ Where, • $V$ is the vertex and $E$ is the edges • Each vertex has its associated node feature$(X_v)$ for $v \in V$, In Cora dataset the terms are the feature $v$ In general, we have two tasks, 1. Node Classification, where each node $v \in V$ has an associated label $y_v$, subject in our case. Learn a representation vector $h_v$ of $v$ such that $v$’s labes can be predicted as $$\Large y_v = f(h_v) \tag{2. Node Classification}$$ 2. Graph Classification(not in the scope of this article), for a set of graphs ${G_1, G_2, G_3, \cdots, G_N} \subseteq \mathcal{G}$ and their labels ${y_1, y_2, y_3, \cdots, y_N} \subseteq \mathcal{Y}$, we aim to learn a representation vector $h_G$ that helps to predict the entire graph as $$\Large y_G = g(h_G)\tag{3. Graph Classification}$$ Linear Transformation The first step in constructing a GCN layer is to process the input node representation using a Feed-Forward Network to produce a message. Neighborhood Aggregation Strategy and Readout GNNs follow an aggregation strategy where we iteratively update the representation of a node by aggregating representations of its neighbors. After $k$ iterations of aggregation, a node’s representation captures the structural information within its k-hop network neighborhood. $$a_v^{(k)} = AGGREGATE^{(k)}\left({ h_u^{(k-1)}: u \in \mathcal{N}(v)}\right) \tag{4. Aggregate Method GraphConvLayer}$$ $$h_v^{(k)} = COMBINE^{(k)}\left(h_v^{k-1}, a_v^{(k)}\right) \tag{5. Update Method GraphConvLayer}$$ • $h_v^{(k)}$ is the feature vector of node $v$ at the $k^{th}$ iteration layer. • $h_v^{(0)}$ is initialized to $X_v$ during the beginning of the iteration • $\mathcal{N}(v)$ is a set of nodes adjacent to $v$ A number of architectures for AGGREGATE have been proposed 1. Element-wise Max Pooling variant of GraphSAGE (Hamilton et al., 2017a) 2. Element wise Mean Pooling variant of GCN ((Kipf & Welling, 2017) - Xu et al, How Powerful Are GNN - ICLR 2019 Graph Sage The node_repesentations and aggregated_messages—both of shape [num_nodes, representation_dim]— are combined and processed to produce the new state of the node representations (node embeddings). If combination_type is gru, the node_repesentations and aggregated_messages are stacked to create a sequence, then processed by a GRU layer. Otherwise, the node_repesentations and aggregated_messages are added or concatenated, then processed using a FFN. - Khalid Salama # This code belongs to Khalid Salama class GraphConvLayer(tf.keras.layers.Layer): def __init__( super(GraphConvLayer, self).__init__(args, kwargs) self.aggregation_type = aggregation_type self.combination_type = combination_type self.normalize = normalize self.ffn_prepare = create_ffn(hidden_units, dropout_rate) if(self.combination_type == "gated"): self.update_fn = tf.keras.layers.GRU( self.update_fn = create_ffn(hidden_units, dropout_rate) def prepare(self, node_representations, weights=None): messages = self.ffn_prepare(node_representations) if(weights is not None): messages = messages tf.expand_dims(weights, -1) return messages def aggregate(self, node_indices, neighbour_messages): num_nodes = tf.math.reduce_max(node_indices) + 1 if(self.aggregation_type == "sum"): aggregated_message = tf.math.unsorted_segment_sum( neighbour_messages, node_indices, num_segments=num_nodes elif(self.aggregation_type == "mean"): aggregated_message = tf.math.unsorted_segment_mean( neighbour_messages, node_indices, num_segments=num_nodes elif(self.aggregation_type == "max"): aggregated_message = tf.math.unsorted_segment_max( neighbour_messages, node_indices, num_segments=num_nodes raise ValueError(f"Invalid aggregation type: {self.aggregation_type}.") return aggregated_message def update(self, node_representations, aggregated_messages): if(self.combination_type == "gru"): h = tf.stack([node_representations, aggregated_messages], axis=1) elif(self.combination_type == "concat"): h = tf.concat([node_representations, aggregated_messages], axis=1) elif(self.combination_type == "add"): h = node_representations + aggregated_messages raise ValueError(f"Invalid combination type: {sefl.combination_type}") # Apply the processing function node_embeddings = self.update_fn(h) if(self.combination_type == "gru"): node_embeddings = tf.unstack(node_embeddings, axis=1)[-1] node_embeddings = tf.nn.l2_normalize(node_embeddings, axis=-1) return node_embeddings def call(self, inputs): node_representations, edges, edge_weights = inputs node_indices, neighbour_indices = edges[0], edges[1] neighbour_representations = tf.gather(node_representations, neighbour_indices) neighbour_messages = self.prepare(neighbour_representations, edge_weights) aggregated_messages = self.aggregate(node_indices, neighbour_messages) return self.update(node_representations, aggregated_messages) Graph NN Classifier The GNN classification model follows the Design Space for GNNs proposed by You, Ying et al. GNN Design Space. • A general design space considers intra-layer design and learning configuration. • The emphasis is the design space can be expanded as new design dimensions emerge in models • The framework is extendable to new design dimensions GNN Task Space • A task similarity metric is proposed to characterize the relationships between different tasks • It quickly identifies new tasks and datasets Design Space 1. Apply preprocessing using FFN to the node features to generate initial node representations. 2. Apply one or more graph convolutional layer, with skip connections, to the node representation to produce node embeddings. 3. Apply post-processing using FFN to the node embeddings to generat the final node embeddings. 4. Feed the node embeddings in a Softmax layer to predict the node class. - Khalid Salama # This code belongs to Khalid Salama class GNNNodeClassifier(tf.keras.Model): def __init__( super(GNNNodeClassifier, self).__init__(args, kwargs) node_features, edges, edge_weights = graph_info self.node_features = node_features self.edges = edges self.edge_weights = edge_weights if(self.edge_weights is None): self.edge_weigths = tf.ones(shape=edges.shape[1]) # Scale edge_weights to sum to 1 self.edge_weights = self.edge_weights / tf.math.reduce_sum(self.edge_weights) self.preprocess = create_ffn(hidden_units, dropout_rate, name="preprocess") self.conv1 = GraphConvLayer( self.conv2 = GraphConvLayer( self.postprocess = create_ffn(hidden_units, dropout_rate, name="postprocess") self.compute_logits = tf.keras.layers.Dense(units=num_classes, name="logits") def call(self, input_node_indices): x = self.preprocess(self.node_features) x1 = self.conv1((x, self.edges, self.edge_weights)) x = x1 + x x2 = self.conv2((x, self.edges, self.edge_weights)) x = x2 + x x = self.postprocess(x) node_embeddings = tf.squeeze(tf.gather(x, input_node_indices)) return self.compute_logits(node_embeddings) hidden_units = [32, 32] learning_rate = 0.01 dropout_rate = 0.5 num_epochs = 300 batch_size = 256 gnn_model = GNNNodeClassifier( gnn_model([1, 10, 100]) Model: "gnn_model" Layer (type) Output Shape Param # preprocess (Sequential) (2708, 32) 52804 graph_conv1 (GraphConvLayer) multiple 5888 graph_conv2 (GraphConvLayer) multiple 5888 postprocess (Sequential) (2708, 32) 2368 logits (Dense) multiple 231 Total params: 67,179 Trainable params: 63,481 Non-trainable params: 3,698 x_train = train_data.paper_id.to_numpy() history = train_fn(gnn_model, x_train, y_train, learning_rate, batch_size, num_epochs) WARNING:tensorflow:From /Users/shankar/dev/tools/anaconda3/envs/od/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/ calling gather (from tensorflow.python.ops.array_ops) with validate_indices is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Instructions for updating: The `validate_indices` argument has no effect. Indices are always validated on CPU and never validated on GPU. x_test = test_data.paper_id.to_numpy() _, test_accuracy = gnn_model.evaluate(x=x_test, y=y_test, verbose=0) print(f"Test accuracy: {round(test_accuracy 100, 2)}%") Test accuracy: 82.86% In this post, we built a GCN node classifier and studied the mathematical foundation behind it. Our GCN network brought in an accuracy of ~83% that is cool. Our major challenge is constructing data for the Graph Neural Network and we simplified that process using an Adjacency Matrix. I am glad I could follow Khalid Salama’s work and reproduce his results, I hope you all enjoyed reading this post.
Think milk does your body good? See what science says NEW YORK: Here is a quick review of what science currently says about milk's health benefits: The Old Hurrah A diet rich in milk has long been promoted as a way for children to build strong bones and muscles, and stave off the harms of osteoporosis in seniors. Proponents have especially noted its calcium, potassium, and Vitamin D content. Doctors recommend daily consumption of fat-free or low-fat milk or dairy products, at 2 to 2 1/2 cups for younger children and 3 cups a day for older children and adults. Raw Milk Concerns Some consumers say the healthiest type of milk is raw milk, straight from the cow. But health officials say milk must be pasteurised to kill off disease-causing germs like campylobacter and salmonella. Studies indicate pasteurisation can affect a few of the vitamins found in milk, like thiamine, vitamin B12, and vitamin C -- but milk is only a minor source of these vitamins. Overall, pasteurisation does not significantly change the nutritional value of milk -- and it may save lives, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recent Questions Some scientists have begun to question previous statements about milk's benefits. For example, some researchers have noted low fracture rates in Asian countries where little milk is consumed. What's more, some studies have linked milk to risk of ovarian and prostate cancers -- though many scientists believe more research is needed before drawing conclusions about milk as a cause. The Swedish Study Last year, a Swedish study published in a British medical journal found women who drank three or more glasses a day died at a nearly twice the rate of those who drank less than one glass a day. Broken bones were more common in women who were heavy milk drinkers, too. Other dairy products were not linked to such problems. The study's lead author -- Dr. Karl Michaelsson of Uppsala University -- called the results too preliminary to merit a change in dietary recommendations, and said differences in our diet might diminish the kind of potential harms seen in the Swedes in his study. The Milk Industry Says The Swedish study prompted media headlines such as "Milk may not be very good for bones or the body." Calling it a breaking point, milk producers decided to do something more to address declining milk consumption and anti-milk messages from vegan groups, non-dairy competitors and others. The new social media campaign highlights, for example, how much more protein you can get from cow milk compared to almond milk. Milk producers also are arguing the importance of milk in a culture where soda consumption is high and many kids don't eat recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables. Less Than Perfect "The idea that milk is 'a perfect food' has been discredited," said David Levitsky, a nutrition and psychology expert at Cornell University. But it remains a rich source of calcium and is still viewed as a valuable part of a well-balanced diet -- especially for kids, Levitsky said, adding that the bone-building benefits of milks fall off for people during their 20s. "It's a good food," Levitsky said. "But you shouldn't look at it as a magic food." Be Part of Quality Journalism Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published.
MondistiSecundum Aequatorem Sadhus: Fact and Fiction of Holy Men of Varanasi and Kathmandu In holy cities like Varanasi and Kathmandu, some holy men (Sādhus) are quite conspicuous because of their eccentric appearance, which symbolizes their ascetic status and their renunciation of material desires (sannyāsa). This post sheds some light on why some ascetics dress and act the way they do, and dispels some myths about some of their notorious practices. There are two broad groups of Hindu sādhus, based on which mythical deity they follow. Sādhus who worship Lord Shiva are called Shaivas, while followers of Lord Vishnu (or Krishna) are called Vaishnavas. The relationship between Vishnu & Krishna varies greatly in texts and beliefs, but in essence they are the same. Sādhus are also divided into followers of the unorthodox ‘left-hand’ path (tantric pleasures, hedonism, ecstasy), or those who follow a ‘right-hand’ path of ascetism and hatha yoga. There are also some who combine elements of both tantric and ascetic practices. The term asceticism comes from the Greek askesis, meaning to exercise, referring to the training and self-denial that an athlete undergoes to attain physical skill and mastery over the body. The Semiotics of Sadhu Street Fashion Wardrobe colors for Sādhus in some sects include shades of red, orange, ochre and saffron, representing the rising sun, blood, and fire, while other sects like Jains wear white to represent purity or surrender. Two of the more extreme Shaiva sects (described below) include the notorious Aghorīs who wear black to represent their death in this world, and the Nāgās who wear only a small loin cloth or remain naked to symbolize their commitment to asceticism (especially in severe weather). Face paint usually involves an important daily ritual of applying markings on the forehead (tilak or tilaka, derived from the sanskrit root ’til’ meaning sesame seed) because the forehead is where divine energy is channeled. The tilak can be very individualized, but two basic types indicate which deity is worshiped, the Urdhva Pundra or Tripundra (sanskrit ‘punDra’ means enforcing discipline). Vishnu devotee’s tilak is called a Urdhva Pundra and symbolizes the devotee as Vishnu’s temple. It is applied with white or yellow clay or sandalwood paste (not sacred ash) shaped like the letter ‘U’, representing the deity’s footprint. A red vertical line or dot drawn inside the U is called a chandlo, representing either the devotee or the deity’s consort). Shiva sects use a tilak called a Tripundra which is 3 horizontal lines applied using sacred ash (vibhūti), and represents both Shiva’s trident and the trinity (Shiva, Vishnu and Brahmā). An optional red or black line or dot (bindu) is applied in the middle, signifying Shiva’s 3rd eye. Body paint can involve a tilaka painted on exposed skin (photo above right) and smeared sacred ash (vibhūti), symbolizing Shiva’s role as the destroyer. Vibhūti ashes are considered nourishment from the god of Fire, and symbolize immortality for the sadhu. The ashes are taken from sacred fires that the sadhus maintain themselves or from temple fires, but some ascetics, including all Aghorīs, only use ashes from cremation fires. Hairstyle carries meaning, and the long hair resembling deadlocks (jatā) is a nod to Lord Shiva, representing Shiva’s mythological source of the sacred Ganges River. The length and thickness of their jatā demonstrates how long they have lived the renouncer life and somehow indicates their religious power. Other monks are clean shaven, and some Vaishnavas (those who follow Vishnu/Krishna instead of Shiva) leave a small tuft of hair on the back of their head. For those adherents who keep long hair, the Junā sect (see nagas below), one of oldest sects in India, wear their bun on the left, the Nirvānī sect wear their bundle of hair on the right side of their head, and the Niranjanī wear their bun in the middle. Accessories used by Sādhus represent emblems of their respective deities. Many Shaivas carry a trident (trishūl) which represents Shivas mythological weapon that destroys evil, and a spiritual connection to heaven. Vaishnava (Vishnu followers) rarely carry weapons, but if they do it would be their deity’s symbolic mace or battle-axe. All members of the Nāgās sect supposedly carry the trident, but it is optional for other Sādhus. Some Sādhus carry a staff or stick (danda) symbolizing mystical power. For Shaivas, it is a single stick but for Vaishnavas it is 3 sticks tied together representing control of body, speech and mind. Practically all sādhus have beaded strings (mālās) worn as a necklace or amulet or headband, or carried in a bag. Some sādhus wear necklaces of bones carved as small human skulls, as pictured above, while some go all out wear real skulls (see aghoris section, below). Vaishnavas use beads of the sacred tulsī plant, a type of basil. Shiva followers use beads made from dried rudrāksh fruit from the Elaeocarpus tree (pictured below). Rudraksha fruit have holes used for threading onto a string, and natural exterior grooves and interior seed segments (muhkti). Their ‘supernatural’ and mystical healing powers are much hyped, along with attributes of sacred geometric energy and planetary alignment specific to the number of muhkti. The mālās symbolize protection against evil elements, but are mainly used as prayer-beads, especially by Vaishnavas who consider the endless repetition (japa) of their deity’s name to be a key to spiritual salvation. The number of beads can range from about 50 to 1000, with the holy number 108 being most common. A small water container (kamandal) is used by all sadhus in rituals and for drinking. It is cleaned every time a Sādhu takes a bath, usually by scouring it with sand or ashes. The pot can be made of brass (Shaivas), stainless steel or aluminium or from coconuts shells. Musical paraphernalia may include small finger cymbals, a conch shell for blowing into, a small two-sided drum called a damaru which symbolizes the mythical drum Shiva used to produce the primordial sound of creation. Small tongs (chimtā) which are usually used for tending a sacred fire can be played rhythmically like castanets or ‘spoons’ in Acadian and Celtic folk music. An Absurdly Brief History of Sadhus While the exact origins and dates are disputed by scholars, some propose there is archaeological basis for assuming Hindu asceticism and yoga are linked to shamanistic elements of the Indus Valley Civilization from 2,500 BC. Others propose ascetics and yoga are first mentioned in India’s Vedic earliest sacred texts from around 1,500 B.C. (believed to be the world’s oldest religious texts). And some think the earliest date of their mention is only around 300 B.C. What we do know is that around 900 BC, an increased religious and legal importance was placed on the Hindu priest class (Brahmanism) and after 800 B.C. some ascetic movements formed to reject the authority of the Brahmin priests. These movements (the śramaṇa movements) also opposed Vedic ritualism and the strict reliance on sacred texts. Eventually, between about 700 and 450 BC., some elements of śramaṇa transformed into the Cārvāka (also called Charvaka or Lokāyata) in the Hindu tradition, and into Jainism and Buddhism. Some śramaṇa elements were also re-absorbed into Vedic literature. Around 800 AD, a theologian reformer named Shankara (Śaṅkara) promoted his monistic view of Hinduism and helped bolster it against the rising popularity of Buddhism and Jainism by organizing and guiding the disordered followers of Shiva into 10 named divisions (dashnāmīs) and 4 monastic centers all around India, still active today. Shankara’s monistic philosophy united the principal deities as all having equal status but different forms of the ultimate reality called Brahman. After 1200 AD, similar reformations occurred for Vaishnava sects, starting with the Hindu philosopher Rāmānuja, who guided some ascetics to follow the more ‘personal’ deity Vishnu instead of Shiva, claiming the latter was too abstract to know spiritually. In Hindu culture a sadhu is usually referred to as baba (father, grandfather, or uncle). A fascinating but sparsely researched topic relates to Indo-Iranian religious rituals involving the psychoactive elixir called soma (haoma in Persian). This entheogen is presumed may have nurtured the development of ancient mystical concepts like “altered states” or “expanded consciousness” and “self-transcendence” which prevailed in Zoroastrian (Persian) and early Hindu religious beliefs. Examples of some sadhu sects and practices The precise origins and lineages of various Hindu asectic sects is uncertain. However most scholars agree that present day ascetic sects evolved from the śramaṇa movement mentioned above, which spawned the atheistic Charvaka (Lokāyatika) tradition, which embraced Hindu materialism before branching into Buddhists, Jains, and Kāpālikas. Kāpālika Sect – the skull carriers The Kāpālikas are an ancient and extinct tantric sect of Shiva devotees whose name is based on kapāla meaning skull. Historically the Kāpālikas are derived from the older Lākulas and Pāśupatas but some scholars suggest the term Kāpālikas was loosely applied to any ascetics engaged in skull-related practices (kapālavrata). The most notable of Kāpālikas practices includes using the human calvaria, which is the top part of the skull. Multiple scholars confirm the persistence in present-day India, of using the human calvaria and skull for alms bowls and drinking among Aghori ascetics. Calvaria have been used ritually long before their use by Kāpālikas. The oldest one is from 12,000 BC found in England. Kāpālika practices also include a skull-on-a-stick (khaṭvāṅga), wearing threads woven from corpse hair and necklaces fashioned from human bone. The origin of the Aghorī relationship with human skulls derives from the mythological Bhairava (Shiva’s ‘fierce’ avatar) who was the first Kāpālika, and described in the myth below: Aghori holding a calvaria (skull cup) Kāpālika Myth: Bhairava cut off one of Brahma’s heads, and the penance for this misdeed was to live as an ascetic recluse, beg for food and alms, drink from skull cup (calvaria), and carry Brahma’s severed skull on a stick (khaṭvāṅga) or in his hand, which he did until the skull spontaneously dropped off when he arrived in Kashi (Varanasi) after twelve years. Kāpālika Trivia: Although the Kāpālikas are considered extinct, in a 1978 research census of sadhu sects in north India (Appendix 1 of Mathew Clark’s PhD thesis, see “sources” below), there was one sadhu who still listed himself as Kāpālika. Aghoris – the sensational(ized) sadhus The notorious Aghorīs name means “what is not terrible” but most of their ritual practices are considered societal taboos: urophagia, coprophagia, necrophilia and cannibalism. To the Aghorīs any sense of aversion, fear, hatred, disgust, or evil is illusory. This behaviour makes the Aghorīs subject of many inaccurate travel blogs and sensationalized articles. Aghorī origins are drawn from much older shamanistic practices, including the Kāpālikas (above), and hence they ritually use human skulls in their practices, and wear skull necklaces, either real or carved from bone. Their founder is Baba Kinaram, and their doctrine is described in one of his books called Viveksar from around 1600 AD. Aghori rituals and practices The practices of Aghorīs are dictated by their doctrine called Advaita Vedānta, through which Aghorīs try to attain a psychospiritual state of consciousness known as Aghor. To achieve complete liberation (moksha) they must remove self-ignorance, looking beyond the illusory dual nature of reality. In order to ‘shock’ the perceptual framework and free the mind from social norms, many Aghorīs engage in the following practices: Advaita Vedānta (non-duality): the world has no separate existence apart from the ultimate god and single fundamental reality underlying all objects and experiences (Brahman). Since an individual’s soul (atman) and perceived self is not different from Brahman, then any perceived plurality of existence is due to ignorance of our true essence. Following this non-dualistic doctrine to its extreme, for the Aghori, there is no difference between good and bad, between desirable and disgusting, or between eating fish or feces. Advaita Vedānta has been one of the most influential schools of spiritual Indian philosophy. Coprophagia and urophagia: consumption of feces and bodily fluids including urine and menstrual discharge (if consumed at all) would be performed as part of a ritual to reinforce the non-dualism of Advaita Vedānta described above, not part of a daily diet. Human Skulls: rituals with skulls are used to partake of the dead person’s life-force. To maximize tantric powers, it is thought that selection of a skull from a violent death or a decapitation is ideal. Cannibalism: We were told by our guide that the Aghori do not eat the flesh from cremated corpses, they only use river corpses, floated there when families too poor to afford the price of wood for a cremation (see our post on cremation). But we have since read conflicting descriptions. Cremation grounds and necrophilia: Aghorīs consider cremation grounds as especially conducive for sādhanā, and they will medite while sitting on a corpse (the śava-sādhanā rite). The cremation grounds are not a theatrical prop but a way of life and source of identity with Shiva. Esoteric cremation ground practices have been around since the time of Buddha (presumed to be 500 B.C.). See Buddhism section below. Some, but not all Aghorīs are linked to the Nāths (see below), and those Nāth still carry skulls. But there are some independent Aghorīs who don’t belong to any sect who may not use skulls. Aghorīs never wear the traditional orange or yellow garments; some wear black robes and others smear ash on their semi-naked bodies. On the other hand, black robes are also worn by non-Aghorīs, like worshipers of Dhumavati. An Aghorī monk who has mastered all stages of Aghor is called an Aghoreshwar, and traditionally would return to society and engage in selfless service (sevā). Examples include members of the Shri Sarveshwari Samooh foundation which helps the poor and the Awadhut Bhagwan Ram Ashram, which treat leprosy in Varanasi. PHOTOGRAPHY TIP: Our guide (and native of Varanasi) said a genuine Aghori would probably not perform any of the above practices for a photograph, while fake sadhus will ask for some compensation for a photo. A telephoto lens is your friend. Aghor adherents are more active at night, and especially during a new moon. In Varanasi, rituals and ceremonies occur across the Ganges on the beach (see below). Cremation Grounds and Burning Ghat, on Ganges River, Varanasi, India Cremation Grounds, and the beach across the Ganges River, Varanasi, India Nāth Yogīs The Nāths are closely related to the Aghorīs and the Kāpālikas. The word Nāth means ‘Master’ and Nāth Yogīs (Jogīs) are sometimes known as Gorakhnāthī, named after the sage Gorakṣa, who lived some time between 1000 and 1300 AD (the exact date is disputed). Gorakhnāth refined the philosophy of an earlier sage called Matsyendranāth and both of these historical figures are considered the founders and supreme Nāths. Gorakṣa consolidated a group of tantric “yogīs” who had been focused on magic and supernormal powers (siddhīs) and who believed that humans could transcend their mortal status. The Nāth sect and its sub-sects quickly became popular because it ignored caste barriers. There are various opinions on whether the Nāth sect is associated with the development of Hatha yoga. Nāth Trivia • Some Gorakhnāthī sadhus in Kathmandu (and possibly elsewhere) practice corporal mortification by tying a heavy stone to their penis, which presumably destroys erectile tissues and sexual desires. • many snake-charmers in northern India today are from the Sapera Nāth caste, but they are not linked to the Nāth yogīs, even though the snake-charming practices of the saperas do have a socio-religious element. • Nāth Jogi is not cremated and his bones cannot be sent to the Ganges. Instead his nails are removed and taken to Haridwar. Naked ascetics – Digambar Jains and militant nāgās Greek texts from around 400 BC described naked Hindu ascetics, so naked asceticism is an old tradition. naked sadhu (monk) in india photo courtesy of Biswarup Ganguly (modified from original) The Hindu word nāgā means naked, and is usually associated with the eponymous nāgā sect, although not all nāgās go around in a naked state these days. Sometimes any scantily clad or naked ascetics are mistakenly called nāgā. For instance, Jain monks from the Digambar sect are always naked but they are not nāgās. The nāgās were organized into pseudo-military schools (Ākhārās) between 850 AD and 1750, apparently in partial response to the Muslim invasions. Nāgā sadhus today abandoned their warrior function but some monks carry symbolic weapons like canes or a trident. Some schools are reknowned for wrestling and some still practice a martial art style called Kalari-payattu which originated around 300 B.C. Nāgās are followers of Shiva, except the Junā school who follow a blended Shiva/Vishnu deity (Dattātreya) and enthusiastically consume cannabis. Buddhist and Jain sadhus As mentioned above, Jainism and Buddhism emerged around 700 to 550 BC. The acknowledged founder of Jainism is Mahavira, while Buddhism’s founder is Gautama (a.k.a. The Buddha). There are many similarities between these two religions, but Jain sadhus are more extreme (see below). The Buddha preached his first sermon at Sarnath, just 15 minutes north of Varanasi. The Dhamek Stupa in Sarnath (below) commemorates the Buddha’s activities in the Varanasi area. Dhamek Stupa, Sarnath, India Dhamek Stupa, Sarnath, India (circa 500 AD) Buddha adopted some of the cremation ground practices adopted by the Kāpālikas (and their predecessors), although some sources say it was Buddha who introduced these practices to the Kāpālikas. Regardless, while both Buddhists and Aghoris might visit cremation grounds, the Buddhist might simply observe the corpses and meditate on that vision, while Aghoris would touch or interact with the corpse while meditating. Jainism has two major sects: the naked Digambara sect and the Svetambara sect who always wear white. In addition to remaining always naked and celibate, a Digambara sadhu is allowed only 3 possessions: a feather broom to gently whisk away insects so they’re not stepped on, a water gourd and sacred Jain texts. The Digambara can’t sleep in a bed, can’t bathe, must eat and drink only once daily (with hands only, no utensils) and only while standing. The most extreme ascetic practice in Jainism is the vow of Santhara (or Sallekhana), a voluntary rejection of food and water until death, practiced by both Digambara and Svetambara sects to cleanse karma and attain moksha. Christian holy men and Sadhus compared Christian beliefs share many religious beliefs and practices found in India and Nepal: a belief in a supreme entity, universal truth, immortality of the soul, a holy trinity (sort of), and the belief that asceticism can lead to a higher spiritual state. Christian asceticism can be traced to both the Judaism’s Essene sect (200 BC) and to the Greek Stoics (300 BC). In fact, it is the Stoics who adapted the term ascetic to refer to moral discipline of a sage, and Plato also used the term to mean the denial of “lower” sensual desires in order to cultivate “higher” spiritual traits. Unlike the Hindu belief that an individual’s soul is the same as the ultimate universal god (non-duality), modern Christians believe an individual’s soul is separate from their supernatural entities like God, Jesus, angels, archangels, devils, etc. However, some early Christians, like the Carpocratians (150 AD) believed that Jesus was a mortal man (not a divine being and not of virgin birth), who ascended to a high spiritual plane. Like sadhus, these early Christians understood the goal of the believer was to escape from the cycle of reincarnation. While most Franciscan or Dominican monks dress in modes brown or gray robes (above, center), most prominent Christian holy men are fond of necklaces, headgear and more ornate wardrobe than their sadhu counterparts. Below are a few other examples of beliefs and ascetic practices shared by some Christians and their Hindu counterparts: Sādhus perform rites and believe in spirits, special and mystical powers Christians believe in miracles, perform rites (sacraments) and believe in demons and exorcism. Sādhus are mostly celibate but some sects like the Ramanandi and Dadu allow marriage Most Christian holy men are not celibate, Catholic clergy being the exception. Sādhus meditate to achieve an altered state in their perception of reality, called samadhi, or nirvana, or satori In Christianity this theistic mystical state of consciousness is called unio mystica Some Sādhus use intoxicants as a path to spiritual insight. Charas for example, is cannabis in form of hashish, smoked ritually by Naga Sadhus, Aghoris and Tantric Bhairav, or consumed in the form of bhang (a liquid preparation). With each toke, the holy man intones Bam Shankar which means “I’m Shiva” When some Christian holy men consume sacramental wine ritually during mass, they believe they are drinking the blood of Christ (see transubstantiation), not just symbolically drinking it. Some protestant sects don’t believe in transubstantiation. Sādhus smear sacred ashes (vibhūti) on their body symbolizing immortality and regeneration Christians smear sacred ashes on their forehead on ash Wednesday to symbolize death and repentance. Some Sādhus perform extreme mortifications including tapasya, keeping the right arm up years at a time) and some never sit down (khareshwari), like Mahant Bhagawan Das, who remained standing for twenty-eight years. Some Christians self-flagellate, especially around Easter, a practice established by bishop Damien in the dark ages. Others wear a metal or cloth cilice (sackcloth), or beat their flesh with a spugna, a round disk with spikes. Mondisti Trip Tips for Kathmandu and Varanasi • Some sadhus are open to being photographed. Just ask and they normally say yes and ask for a tip. Most want about 500 rupees ($5) for a few photographs, which for a couple minutes of posing, seems like a lot. They are open to negotiating and most were happy with receiving 100 rupees. • Pashupatinath temple complex was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1979. The best times to visit are early in the morning or around 6 pm during evening prayers. The entrance fee is 1000 rupees (USD $10). A taxi from Thamel costs about 400 rupees (USD $4). • Kumbh Mela: The holy grail of sadhus, pilgrims and photographers is a mass gathering every 3 years at one of four locations on the banks of sacred rivers in India. Apparently millions of non-sadhu pilgrims also attend the festivals, and is the largest gathering of human beings for a single religious purpose on the planet. • Don’t waste time on fake rudrāksh beads around the temples or in the shops, and don’t rely on the easily faked water or copper coin tests for authenticity. • In Nepal, the most important temple of Vishnu and Vaishnavite ascetics is Changunarayan. Likewise, the most important temple for followers of Shiva is the temple at Pashupatinath Temple located on the banks of the Bagmati River (see our post on Kathmandu cremation ghats here). • In Varanasi, bring your camera (and trusted guide) to the other side of the Ganges River where the sand beach is and where many aghori hangout. Sources & Terminology 1. Aghoreshwar Bhagawan Ram and the Aghor Tradition. Ph.D. Thesis (Jishnu Shankar, 2011) 2. An Introduction to Hinduism (Gavin Flood, 1996) 3. Earliest Directly-Dated Human Skull-Cups (Silvia Bello, et al, 2011) 4. Kapalikas: in Brill’s Encyclopedia of Hinduism vol. III (Judit Törzsök, 2011) 5. Sinister Yogis (David Gordon White, 2009) 6. The Dasanami-Samnyasis. Ph.D. Thesis (Matthew James Clark, 2004) 7. The Kāpālikas and Kālāmukhas: Two Lost Saivite Sects (David Lorenzen, 1972) Asceticism refers to self-restraint and abstinence in the pursuit of enlightenment and other personal, cultural or spiritual goals (dharma ), and can range from occasional mild ascetic practices in religious households everywhere, to more extreme forms practiced by renouncers. Dharma is a complex concept that varies with the historical and religious contexts within which it is used, but generally refers to the moral, natural and cosmic laws, spiritual discipline and all the codes of conduct, written or unwritten that prevent chaos, secure world happiness and eternal bliss. Moksha (or mukti): In Hinduism, moksha refers to freedom from the cycle of death and rebirth. In Jainism moksha is a blissful state free from karmic bondage and saṃsāra, while for Buddhists, moksha is the enlightened state of inner peace and wisdom that called nirvana. For Sikhs, moksha is attained by meditation to conquer the five thieves of ego, greed, attachment, anger and lust. Renouncers and renunciation (sannyāsa) in this post generally refers to ascetic individuals who undergo a type of formal initiation (dīkṣā) and abandon the materialism of everyday life in the spiritual pursuit of enlightenment and liberation from the cycle of life (saṃsāra). This spiritual liberation is known by different names, including mokṣa, nirvāṇa, mukti, etc. Sādhanā refers to the daily spiritual and physical method (celibacy, renunciation, meditation, fasting, asceticism, tantric or hatha yoga, etc) of achieving the spiritual goal of a Sādhu. It is found in Hindu, Buddhist, Jain and Sikh traditions. Sādhus in this post refers to renunciates who have committed to radical lifestyle changes. Their name derives from sādhanā (above). They believe the soul is tainted with karma from previous lives and must endure the cycle of death and reincarnation repeatedly until the soul’s residual karma is fully purged. An authentic spiritual liberation (moksa) completely cleanses the soul of karma and therefore removes the need to be reincarnated, thus ending the cycle of life. Sannyāsa (ascetic renunciation) Renouncers in India are sometimes referred to as sannyāsīs (male) or sannyāsīni (female). F. J. St-Pierre Frank is a founding Mondisto, whose favourite travel book is still The Innocents Abroad, Mark Twain's first book, who also penned the following observation: View stories
GPU scaling is a feature that lets gamers enjoy the benefits of AMD graphics cards by fitting their games to any screen size. It makes reading text easier for those with monitors of smaller dimensions without losing detail in your picture or video-game experience. It is particularly useful when playing older games with a native 4:3 or 5:4 aspect ratio on a new monitor with a more popular aspect ratio, such as 16:9. GPU Scaling is an awesome way to make gaming more enjoyable on any size display by being able to see things you might have otherwise missed due to small resolutions like 720p HDTVs. What Is GPU Scaling GPU Scaling is a program that resizes your game to fit on any display. AMD GPUs offer hardware-based GPU Scaling, which guarantees the best possible picture quality. In addition, because GPU Scaling uses your graphics card to do the scaling, it happens in real-time, and you can see the changes immediately as they happen. Whenever your computer starts up and restores Windows, it will go back to its original resolution settings. GPU scaling requires an AMD graphics card with Windows Vista/XP operating systems. In addition, ATI video cards are recommended because they support a more comprehensive range of resolutions than nVidia and have faster performance. Is GPU Scaling Necessary? You can play most games without GPU scaling, but it may make text reading easier on a standard 16:9 aspect ratio monitor if you have an older game with a non-standard resolution. For example, playing Half-Life 2 at 1280×768 will require windowed mode and a custom resolution. It means you won’t be able to read some menu options. Unfortunately, you won’t turn up the texture detail either because the game is not run at a higher resolution. If your computer has an older graphics card that uses VGA or DVI connections, this program also works for those cards. However, the latest video cards will experience extra performance with GPU Scaling using HDMI or DisplayPort connections instead of DVI or VGA connections (for example, the Radeon HD4850 and HD4870). What’s The Catch? The game graphics will appear slightly smaller than on higher resolution monitors when using GPU Scaling in a 16:9 aspect ratio. However, you will be able to read text that you may have otherwise missed playing certain older games with 4:3 or 5:4 resolutions without losing any detail in your picture/video-game experience. GPU scaling can only make a game look sharper if your computer has decent video memory for its age. For example, Newer systems with 1GB or 2GB of video memory should see an increase in performance after GPU scaling is applied. Also, even though some games like Half-Life 2 will look smaller when using GPU scaling, you will be able to read text that may have been too small for you to see before. This program is not supported by ATI or any other video card manufacturer; Geeks3D made it as a utility for computer enthusiasts. The basic functionality of this application remains the same from computer to computer, but the selection menus and hotkeys used in each particular version may differ slightly. Types of GPU Scaling There are three types of AMD GPU scaling. Types of GPU Scaling Maintain Aspect Ratio Playing games while maintaining the aspect ratio is a great way to keep your gameplay accurate to form. Of course, with these black bars at either side when switching from one screen size setting to another; however, if you ever want those features back again, toggle between them within settings. Some people love their screens large enough to spread out across both monitors like two panes of glass—others prefer smaller windows taking up less space but being able to play more efficiently as a result. “Maintain Aspect Ratio” is an excellent option for gamers who want to play on their laptop because it’s easy and doesn’t require much hard drive space. It also works nicely with older games that were not originally designed to run in the widescreen format. As a result, they show up stretched across the screen without any graphics or gameplay mechanics alteration. 2- Full Panel For the ultimate gaming experience, this option fills your monitor with a game that will look great on more giant screens and still look just as good on smaller screens. While some games may be too large to play comfortably when using full panel mode, this setting works best for gamers who love playing role-playing games (RPGs). You can take quests in the field or be involved in the action right up close to all of the characters without any loss of reward—and you won’t have to fiddle with resolution settings or windowed video modes to get it running correctly either. 3- Center Panel Some games have artwork that is nice to look at and makes gameplay more attractive; however, you may not want it taking up space all around your screen while you are trying to get through the mission or level. The center panel option allows gamers to enjoy the best of both worlds with a game with a larger viewing panel than most other settings allow for, along with a small graphically enhanced borderline on the outer edge of the screen. This feature works great with any game from sports titles, racing games, first-person shooters (FPS), and even some newer 3D movies. Learn How to Boost GPU Performance What is Maintain Screen Scaling? It’s a setting that allows you to keep the default screen scaling but just apply GPU scaling on top of it, so game images don’t get stretched or distorted. This feature has an obvious advantage over the ‘Uniform Scaling’ option because things do not get distorted when changing resolution, making this feature great for gamers who need to change resolutions often or are unsure what type of video card they have. All one needs to do is select their preferred resolution, and Maintain Screen will scale everything accordingly. GPU Compression: What is It? Windows uses a form of compression when assigning various color pixel values to individual pixels on an image. They are more accessible for computers to process quickly; however, these systems perform well at set resolutions but not as efficient when dealing with screen size differences between resolutions. GPU compression allows your video card to read these values and transform them into the correct ones for your display size. However, this can cause problems with older graphics cards that don’t support windowed overlay applications such as EVGA Precision. Pros and Cons Of GPU Scaling • Preserve Aspect Ratio • Center • Full Panel • Slight Input Lag What is DSR? How does it differ from GPU Scaling? Dithering is a method that works on the same principle as blending but differs in the fact that instead of creating transparency, it makes patterns to give depth to images of varying color palettes. This technique is used by graphics hardware to generate colors when only a limited number are available at the time; for instance, if you tried using an image editor to draw something on top of this picture, you would see up close how this dithering effect can be used effectively on particular objects while still maintaining integration with its surrounding environment. More importantly, though, dithering allows you to achieve incredible detail with your images without sacrificing quality or performance, giving you an idea that is at least twice as good as the original. How to Enabling GPU Scaling and Selecting the Desired Scaling Mode The following conditions must be met in order to enable GPU scaling in Radeon Settings. If the GPU scaling option is not enabled, the following will occur: A digital connection must be used. A digital connection is one of the following: • DVI • HDMI • DisplayPort/Mini DisplayPort To enable GPU Scaling, follow the steps below: • Open Radeon™ Settings by right-clicking on your desktop and selecting AMD Radeon Settings. • Select Display Settings • Toggle the GPU Scaling option to On. The screen will go black momentarily while GPU Scaling is being enabled. • Once GPU Scaling is enabled, select the desired mode by clicking on the Scaling Mode option. • CloseRadeon Settings to exit. GPU scaling is necessary if you want to enjoy your computer games at their best. If you’re not sure how or why it’s important, read on and find out what this technology does for the gaming experience. And don’t forget to take a look at our other articles about GPUs.
Psychopaths not mentally ill, say Canadian researchers Article content A new Canadian study suggests that psychopaths are not mentally ill and should be held entirely responsible for their violent and manipulative actions. Researchers from universities in Ontario, Alberta and Saskatchewan studied 289 murderers, rapists and other violent offenders, and concluded "psychopaths are executing a well-functioning, if unscrupulous strategy." Psychopaths, with their trademark ruthless, risk-taking and often violent behaviour, "may have evolved to exploit others." The theory rests in part on the victims of psychopaths. Mental disorders "disrupt" the mechanism that stops people from hurting their families. But among the violent offenders researchers spoke to, those with a "greater degree" of psychopathy tended not to hurt family members. "On average, psychopathy is associated with less harm to genetic relatives - that's exactly what you'd expect of healthy people," lead author Daniel Krupp, of Queen's University, told QMI Agency. They are preserving their genetic material, he said. But if being a psychopath is beneficial, why wouldn't everyone evolve that way? Researchers call it "frequency dependent selection." If most of society is one way - generally co-operative and trusting - there is a niche for a few people to take advantage, Krupp explained. "It's a sort of balance between the population being exploitable enough for a handful of people to invade ... but if there's too many of them, then selection favours being skeptical of those people," Krupp said. Meanwhile, the psychopaths among us are difficult to detect because they don't show any of the signs doctors expect to see in mentally disordered people, such as neurological or developmental problems, lower intelligence and difficulty interacting with others. They may be selfish, antisocial and violent, but they are not dysfunctional, according to Krupp. "Psychopaths know full well the consequence of their behaviour," he said. The study appears in the latest issue of the journal Frontiers in Psychology. Article content Latest National Stories Story continues below This Week in Flyers
Exploits- Malware taking advantages of breaches by vishal tripathi Digital Markiting Expart Do you know that almost 99% of the software programs are first tested and they are made available for the users? However, many times the developers and testers overlook certain loopholes or vulnerabilities which the hackers find a gateway to enter the system and hamper its functionalities. An exploit is an attack on vulnerabilities to take the control of the system by writing similar but malevolent codes. Generally, an exploit attack is used to destroy the network of the system or download such software without the permission of the user. How does exploit enters the system? The developers and testers of computer security software continuously work on the discrepancies in the software or system but until they resolve the issues, a computer is under threats of being exploited. The flaws in the system that can be exploited vary from DDoS, XSS, zero-day etc. An exploit attack can take advantage of any of the vulnerabilities and cause superior harm to the computers, in some cases beyond repair. How many kinds of exploit attacks can be made? Exploit attacks are broadly classified into two type- One is known attacks and the other is unknown ones. The known attacks are those which have been diagnosed at the earlier stages and all the developers are aware of them. These flaws are continuously modified and made more secure. Whereas unknown discrepancies are those which are not yet found in the operating system or highly consumes software programs but exist. In such cases, the divine developers and hellish attackers are always racing to find the one. If the attack has already been made then the hacker has found an open gate before the pc security software developers could have reached it. Where major exploit attacks take place? The crackers make sure to target the most widely used software programs in order to get the maximum out of a single attack. Although any software with vulnerabilities is prone to the exploitation. However, programs like internet explorer, adobe, java, flash, and operating systems are attacked at a higher rate so that maximum information can be gained from the systems. How to remove the attacks from the system? Since the attack involves the taking advantage of the vulnerabilities, therefore, there is nothing a user can do in order to eliminate the threat. Until the developers work on the flaw, fix it, and make the updates available to the user, the attack will only progress till then. What can a user do to prevent the attack? A user though cannot remove the vulnerabilities but sure he can prevent the exploitation in the following ways, Keep the operating system, applications and software programs upgraded to make sure that vulnerabilities are secure. Install all-rounder anti-malware like Advance PC Protector Stay safe and be updated with the latest news with respect to technology Sponsor Ads About vishal tripathi Senior Digital Markiting Expart 174 connections, 3 recommendations, 650 honor points. Joined APSense since, June 19th, 2017, From Noida, India. Created on Sep 29th 2018 05:36. Viewed 261 times. No comment, be the first to comment. Please sign in before you comment.
England and Spain´s Strategies to Conquer the New Land Essay 830 Words4 Pages Every schoolchild knows that “In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue.” This voyage was the gateway to an age of exploration, triumph, and ruin. Columbus’s voyage introduced the world to a new land and many opportunities. Powerful countries immediately scrambled to grab as much of it for themselves as they could. Two of the most powerful ones were England and Spain. Both wanted a piece of the new land, a way to grow economically or to escape persecution. Even though they had similar goals in mind, England and Spain had vastly different strategies. English settlers in the colony of Jamestown, founded in May 24, 1607, were welcomed by the natives when they came over. They were given feasts and gifts. “We were entertayned with much Courtesye …show more content… It shows that while the Spanish had an original goal of converting the natives to Christianity, somewhere along the way they lost control of their greed and their cruelty spiraled out of control. The Spanish conquistadors wanted the natives to give them gold, but the fact was that the natives simply didn’t have it in the enormous amounts that the conquistadors wanted. The conquistadors worked the natives until they died, or simply killed them. “For it is the Spaniards’ custom in their wars to allow only young boys and females to live being to oppress them with the hardest, harshest, and most heinous bondage to which men or beasts might ever be bound into.” p.2 This quote explains how when conquering the natives, the conquistadors killed everyone except young people, who were then subjected into human slavery. Over the summer, we had read a book called “Sold” by Patricia McCormick. The main character, Lakshmi, has her innocence taken advantage of and is sold into sex slavery. She is routinely tortured in the job she once thought was being a maid in the city. Although different in some ways, these two events are alike. THe natives never meant any harm, but the conquistadors took advantage of their innocence. “Terrible things that the tyrants did Get Access
Life Before and After the Fall of Communism in the Czech Republic 1042 Words5 Pages Do 1 Life Before and After the Fall of Communism in the Czech Republic Recently the senate and county elections in the Czech Republic confirmed that the preference of Czech voters is shifting to the left, what's more the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia got the second highest number of votes. The results are disturbing, because the last time Communists won the polls, the Czechs ended up being oppressed for over 40 years until they managed to overthrow the government. Now it seems that the same people have suffered from a collective memory loss. Have they forgotten how life was before 1989 and what crimes the communists committed during their reign? Voting for the communists is a mistake, which should never be made, because it …show more content… The reason was that the communists got rid of inconvenient people. They fired people, they made sure their children couldn't get on the desired universities; they blackmailed, tortured and killed people through staged trials. For the majority of society it was simpler to act as if they were okay with the regime. In this day and age human rights are secured through countless declarations, laws and treaties. International organizations oversee observance and countries that breach these contracts have to face sanctions and they have to answer to the International Court of Justice. There are also major differences in the everyday life of normal people back then and now. During the reign of Communists it was forbidden to travel out of Czechoslovakia. Only those, who had special permission, could travel abroad and even then, most of these people were monitored by the secret service. Communism is strictly against capitalism hence the Communists tried to convince the public that the capitalistic countries were bad and that economically and socially communistic countries were better off than most of the western capitalistic world. Thus they couldn't let people travel abroad, because it would be clear right away that they were knowingly deceiving them. People had also a hard time when they went to shop. There were no products from capitalistic countries and everywhere the selection was very poor. Things as clothes, modern technology or even meat were scarce products. This More about Life Before and After the Fall of Communism in the Czech Republic Get Access
Lord Of The Flies Allegory 820 Words4 Pages According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, innocence is “freedom from guilt or sin through being unacquainted with evil” (“innocence” def. 1). In the allegorical novel, Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the innocence of schoolboys deserted on an island is tested and broken. In a failed attempt to reach safety in the midst of World War II, these boys are stranded on an island to fend for themselves. Golding uses Simon, the archetypal innocent character, in the text to demonstrate the corruption the boys face, as well as the loss of their innocence. Thus, through the characterization of Simon in Lord of the Flies, William Golding symbolizes innocence and purity, which further proves how the text is a religious allegory because Simon…show more content… While the rest of the boys were questioning the existence of the beast, Simon was disputing who the beast was: “What I mean is...maybe it’s only us”(Golding 89). Here, Simon accepts the reality that they are the beast, as the others continue to argue over the authenticity of the beast. Simon’s thought process is different from the other boys’ and it becomes more prominent as he realizes that they are the beast. Once he learns who the beast is, he attempts to encourage the other to make a rational decision instead of killing, but no one else on the island has the same mentality. This wise rationale corresponds to the rationale of Jesus Christ. He was a figure of insight and wisdom, and Simon provides that in this quote. Both characters embody a figure with the desire to protect others. Jesus was sent to protect humans from the damnation of hell, and Golding created Simon to protect the other from their inner and innate evil. Thus, Simon’s insight and wisdom further shows the resemblance between Simon and Jesus Christ, proving that Lord of the Flies is a religious allegory. Towards the conclusion of the novel, Simon’s innocence and purity prevails in his attempt to inform the others of the dead parachutist. As Simon is the only one left who did not descend into savagery, he is able to have a “conversation” with the Lord Get Access
The Wire and Hamsterdam 707 Words3 Pages Major Colvin’s creation of “Hamsterdam” was an attempt to reduce the effects, such as violence, homicide, prostitution and other crimes, of the prevalent drug trade on the city of Baltimore. The drug trade or Baltimore and its abundance of drug users were portraying Baltimore and its police force in a negative light. It was believed that nothing was being done to improve this problem. “Hamsterdam” was a designated city block in the slums of Baltimore where drug trade, possession and open use were legal. In episodes of HBO’s, The Wire, where “Hamsterdam” was portrayed, one sees a concentration of drug use and sale where police presence is seen, however they are merely overseeing the area (Hampsterdam). The goal of this legalized area was to concentrate the drug use in Baltimore to one city block, rather than having it spread out. With the sale of drugs restricted to this city block, there would be no competition for “turf” or designated corners claimed by different drug dealers. Without this competition for land, Major Colvin and the Baltimore police hoped to see less violence and less homicide cases. In addition to less violence, this concentrated area was a way for public health organizations to distribute clean needles, disease testing, condoms and safe sex education to the individuals utilizing this area. The “broken windows” model of policing was created as an experimental way of policing areas of high crime. The main focus of the “broken windows” model of policing was More about The Wire and Hamsterdam Get Access
Stanzas 3 and 4: Celebration Burns' sense of celebration can be regarded as beautifully straightforward: Welcome! my bonie, sweet wee dochter or ironically humorous: Tho’ ye come here a wee unsought for, Sweet fruit o’mony a merry dint This first example could seem sentimental, but is not when juxtaposed with the defiance that preceded it. The second and third examples show that the speaker is not only unashamed by his daughter and is equally unembarrassed about the relationship that produced her. However a more serious, responsible attitude and therefore tone is shown in the final lines of stanza 4. The Habbie is used to signal this change in its final lines: In my last plack thy parts be in’t The better ha’f o’t A 'plack' was a copper coin of little worth but this is sympbolic of true responsibility. However little the speaker may have to give he will always ensure that his daughter has more than himself. Later, he talks about her personal qualities but the first thing is to provide for her. Not the real turnaround in tone from the jolly sexual reminiscing that began the stanza.
Romans 5:12 • 6 min. read • grade level: 13 Before briefly tracing the course and history of human responsibility as written in the Word of God, it may be well to clear the subject of a few difficulties. It is affirmed that man's responsibility to God ceases because the sinner is unable to meet it: why press responsibility on the sinner when there is neither the will nor ability to discharge it t But responsibility, as already remarked, has its source in a positive and known relationship; it is thus independent of the state or condition in which the debtor may subsequently find himself. Suppose a case: A man goes into business on borrowed money, afterward he becomes bankrupt and is unable to discharge a single penny of the five hundred pounds he is owing. Is he thereby discharged from the obligation to pay? Is his responsibility as a debtor gone? And suppose, further, that the man has not even the desire to pay, that he lacks the honest wish as well as the ability to meet his debts, that does not touch the question of his obligation to do so. So long as the position of creditor and debtor exists, the responsibility to discharge the unsettled claims remains and may justly form the ground of judgment on the part of the creditor. Besides man—the debtor—was not always without will and power to meet his responsibility. Innocence was the state and Paradise the place where human relationships, and consequently responsibility, were first established. Adam began his history in Paradise, we commence ours outside the garden. He was able and willing to meet his creature-obligations, and in fact did so for a brief season: we are neither able nor willing, and in fact never have met our responsibility to God—as sinners. And this leads us to the solemn consideration that the fear of God and the dread of judgment to come, inherent in man, can alone be accounted for on the ground of unanswered responsibility. Does not conscience too—that inward tribunal before which actions are weighed and pronounced good or bad, and which became part of man's inheritance by the fall—bear its solemn witness to the fact that man is a sinner awaiting the sure judgment of God? And, in proportion as conscience is sensitive and supplied with light from the Scriptures, its voice becomes troublesome to the soul, and its witness to the unanswered claims of God most powerful. Nor is it what men are but what they have done which constitutes the ground of judgment. Alas! if the precious blood of Christ, the answer to the sinner's ruined responsibilities, be not the repose of the soul and the rest of the conscience; if life, eternal life in the Son of God be not the assured portion of our reader then eternal punishment is the dread alternative, "For because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience" (Eph. 5:66Let no man deceive you with vain words: for because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience. (Ephesians 5:6)). The world, whose history began with man outside Paradise, and who will end it with men cast into the lake of fire, might be likened to a forest every tree of which is utterly corrupt and the fruit poisonous. Men are not responsible for being planted corrupt trees, they cannot help their state, "shapen in iniquity," conceived in sin (Ps. 51:5), but they are directly and immediately responsible to God for the fruit produced. If it is said, "Ah! but the corrupt tree can only bear fruit according to the character of the soil, the root, and the nature of the tree, and if every tree is bad, so must the fruit be." Well be it so, but as the fruit determines the quality and kind of tree, so that alone will come up for judgment, hence the books of works (Rev. 20:1212And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works. (Revelation 20:12)). Additional responsibility rests upon men because of the rejected Gospel of God's grace, which is a revelation in the cross of Christ that the first man is there judicially ended, that the ax has been laid to the root of the tree and, further, that God's Paradise with its tree of life, its varied and abundant fruit, and healing leaves—planted in divine soil—is opened to the gaze and possession of all who believe. God's blessed answer in grace to a ruined responsibility is the cross of Christ; His answer to a lost paradise is the Eden above, styled "the Paradise of God." Another and collateral point may here be briefly noticed. Why should the race be doomed to death; and sin, tears, sickness, cruelty, and oppression make up the sum of man's existence here, for the mere act of eating an apple, which in itself was not evil? Where is the righteousness of visiting such a simple act of disobedience with such severe and lasting penalties? But, we would ask, Is the offender the fit person, and is he in a fit state to adequately weigh the gravity of his own offense? And if the penalty of death and other consequences were attached to such a "simple act of disobedience," then the sin became all the more heinous in view of what the transgression of such a simple command would entail. Besides, while fully admitting that sin and death entered the world through the failure of the federal head of the race, yet we must connect each person's own responsibility and guilt with death, the sad fruit of sin, hence adds the Apostle, in Rom. 5:1212Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned: (Romans 5:12)—"So death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned." God alone can measure what sin is. It is eternally right that the Creator should choose to command, and that, however, exalted the creature's position may be, that he should obey. There is but one absolute, sovereign will, and it was right that the waiting creation should in its head, learn the lessons of obedience and subjection, hence "the tree of knowledge of good and evil” which God reserved for Himself was a necessary test of the man's obedience. The great question for the universe raised in the garden of Eden was a profoundly interesting one: who was Creator—who was the sovereign of the whole created scene and whose will was to govern all I It did not require a life's-long disobedience to constitute the man a sinner; one solitary act was enough to manifest what sin is, which is simply doing one's own will or acting independently of God. Why should one be surprised at the simplicity of the test imposed I What we might regard as a trifling command sufficiently served the purpose—which was really to distinguish the Creator from the creature, maintaining the right of the former to command, and the duty of the latter to obey.
CoVPN 3008: UBUNTU Study The UBUNTU Study is a randomized efficacy study of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in Eastern and Southern Africa. This study is also known as “CoVPN 3008.” The study is being done by the COVID-19 Prevention Network (CoVPN). The study vaccine was developed by the company ModernaTX and is known as the Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. The study will enroll about 14,000 people at approximately 54 research clinics. Anyone interested in joining the study will go through an informed consent process to learn about it before being asked if they wish to participate. What do we currently know about the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine being used in the UBUNTU study? The Moderna COVID-19 vaccine used in this study is under an Emergency Use Authorization in the United States. This vaccine is also on the Emergency Use Listing by the World Health Organization, which recommends its use to prevent COVID-19 disease. It has been given to more than 70 million people and has been shown to be over 90% effective in preventing COVID-19 illness caused by the strains of the virus in the US and Europe. Where will this study be done? Country City Botswana Gaborone Eswatini Mbabane Kenya Kisumu South Africa Cape Town (6clinics) Durban (3 clinics) East London Klerksdorp (2clinics) Pretoria (3 clinics) Soweto (2 clinics) Ekuruleni (2 clinics) Johannesburg (4 clinics) Uganda Entebbe Kampala (3 clinics) Zambia Lusaka (3 clinics) Zimbabwe Harare (7 clinics) Why is This Study Being Done? The UBUNTU study is a research study evaluating the Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. We already know that this vaccine works in preventing COVID-19 disease including severe COVID-19. It is widely used in the United States and many other countries. We want to know how many doses of vaccine are needed for protection against COVID-19 for adults living with HIV and adults with existing health conditions that may put them at risk for severe COVID-19. We also want to know if people who have already had COVID-19 (and likely have some immunity) need as many vaccine doses as other people to obtain strong protection from COVID-19. Everyone who joins the study will get the study vaccine. There are 4 groups in this study. The groups differ in the number of doses of study vaccine given. The groups are organized by whether or not people are living with HIV and whether or not people have evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in their blood. How many people will be in this study and who can join? The study will enroll about 14,000 people from Eastern and Southern Africa. The study will enroll adults who are living with HIV and/or have one or more conditions that have been associated with increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 illness. Examples of such conditions include pregnancy, diabetes, obesity, heart or kidney disease, and cancer. Is the UBUNTU study vaccine safe? Over 70 million people have already received the Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccine being used in this study. Most people have mild to moderate reactions after receiving the vaccine, particularly after a second dose. These reactions usually happen for one or two days after receiving the vaccine. For most people these reactions do not affect their daily lives and go away within a few days. Common reactions include pain in the arm where the injection was administered, fatigue, headaches, muscle and joint pain, and chills. Occasionally people have redness or swelling where the injection was administered. An extremely small number of people who receive the Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccine develop myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and pericarditis (inflammation of the lining outside the heart). The chance of developing this reaction is very, very low. When it happens, it most often occurs in men less than 20 years of age. Symptoms usually do not last long and most people get better. Study participants should tell us right away if they develop chest pain; shortness of breath; or the feeling of a fast-beating, fluttering, or pounding heart after receiving a dose, as they may need medical care. Can the UBUNTU study vaccine protect participants from getting infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus? While the Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccine being used in the UBUNTU study may not prevent all SARS-CoV-2 virus infections, studies done in the United States and Europe have found that the vaccine is very effective at preventing severe COVID-19 illness and death. And it has been shown to work well against most strains of SARS-CoV-2 circulating there. However, there is less known about how well the vaccine will protect people in Eastern and Southern Africa. Is the UBUNTU study the same as the National COVID-19 vaccine rollout? The UBUNTU study is not the same as the National COVID-19 vaccine rollout. It is a research study to evaluate the Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Research is not the same as medical care. The purpose of a research study is to answer a scientific question. If you have access to other COVID-19 vaccines outside of this study through a national rollout, we urge you to carefully consider whether joining this study is right for you. Take your time in deciding. If it helps, talk to people you trust, such as your doctor, friends, or family. Together we can help end uncertainty. Join us. We need your help to keep learning and improving vaccines against COVID-19. We made history with safe and effective vaccines and we’ll keep working as long as there are people to protect, variants emerging, and research answers needed to end this pandemic. To participate: • Fill out the survey again so we have your most current information to match you with a study, even if you filled it out previously! • If you haven’t registered to volunteer before, sign up today. There’s still a lot we can do together for those we love. Content last reviewed on December 16, 2021
GMC to unveil HUMMER EV SUV in April Saipem and Alboran Hydrogen to develop and build five green hydrogen plants SLAC, MIT, TRI researchers advance machine learning to accelerate battery development; insights on fast-charging Scientists have made a major advance in harnessing machine learning to accelerate the design for better batteries. Instead of using machine learning just to speed up scientific analysis by looking for patterns in data—as typically done—the researchers combined it with knowledge gained from experiments and equations guided by physics to discover and explain a process that shortens the lifetimes of fast-charging lithium-ion batteries. It was the first time this approach—known as “scientific machine learning”—has been applied to battery cycling, said Will Chueh, an associate professor at Stanford University and investigator with the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory who led the study. He said the results overturn long-held assumptions about how lithium-ion batteries charge and discharge and give researchers a new set of rules for engineering longer-lasting batteries. The research, reported in Nature Materials, is the latest result from a collaboration between Stanford, SLAC, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Toyota Research Institute (TRI). The goal is to bring together foundational research and industry know-how to develop a long-lived electric vehicle battery that can be charged in 10 minutes. Battery technology is important for any type of electric powertrain. By understanding the fundamental reactions that occur within the battery we can extend its life, enable faster charging and ultimately design better battery materials. We look forward to building on this work through future experiments to achieve lower-cost, better-performing batteries. —Patrick Herring, senior research scientist for Toyota Research Institute The new study builds on two previous advances where the group used more conventional forms of machine learning to accelerate both battery testing and the process of winnowing down many possible charging methods to find the ones that work best. While these studies allowed researchers to make much faster progress—reducing the time needed to determine battery lifetimes by 98%, for example—they didn’t reveal the underlying physics or chemistry that made some batteries last longer than others, as the latest study did. Combining all three approaches could potentially slash the time needed to bring a new battery technology from the lab bench to the consumer by as much as two-thirds, Chueh said. In this case, we are teaching the machine how to learn the physics of a new type of failure mechanism that could help us design better and safer fast-charging batteries. Fast charging is incredibly stressful and damaging to batteries, and solving this problem is key to expanding the nation’s fleet of electric vehicles as part of the overall strategy for fighting climate change. —Will Chueh The team observed the behavior of cathode particles made of nickel, manganese and cobalt (NMC). Stanford postdoctoral researchers Stephen Dongmin Kang and Jungjin Park used X-rays from SLAC’s Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource to get an overall look at particles that were undergoing fast charging. Then they took particles to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s Advanced Light Source to be examined with scanning X-ray transmission microscopy, which homes in on individual particles. An animation shows two contrasting views of how electrode particles release their stored lithium ions during battery charging. Red particles are full of lithium and green ones are empty. Scientists had thought ions flowed out of all the particles at once and at roughly the same speed (left). But a new study by SLAC and Stanford researchers paints a different picture (right): Some particles release a lot of ions immediately and a fast clip, while others release ions slowly or not at all. This uneven pattern stresses the battery and reduces its lifetime. (Hongbo Zhao/MIT) The data from those experiments, along with information from mathematical models of fast charging and equations that describe the chemistry and physics of the process, were incorporated into scientific machine learning algorithms. Until now, scientists had assumed that the differences between particles were insignificant and that their ability to store and release ions was limited by how fast lithium could move inside the particles, Kang said. In this way of seeing things, lithium ions flow in and out of all the particles at the same time and at roughly the same speed. But the new approach revealed that the particles themselves control how fast lithium ions move out of cathode particles when a battery charges, he said. Some particles immediately release a lot of their ions while others release very few or none at all. And the quick-to-release particles go on releasing ions at a faster rate than their neighbors—a positive feedback, or “rich get richer,” effect that had not been identified before. We now have a picture—literally a movie—of how lithium moves around inside the battery, and it’s very different than scientists and engineers thought it was. This uneven charging and discharging puts more stress on the electrodes and decreases their working lifetimes. Understanding this process on a fundamental level is an important step toward solving the fast charging problem. —Stephen Kang The scientists say their new method has potential for improving the cost, storage capacity, durability and other important properties of batteries for a wide range of applications, from electric vehicles to laptops to large-scale storage of renewable energy on the grid. This research was funded by Toyota Research Institute. The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource and Advanced Light Source are DOE Office of Science user facilities, and work there was supported by the DOE Office of Science and the DOE Advanced Battery Materials Research Program. • Park, J., Zhao, H., Kang, S.D. et al. (2021) “Fictitious phase separation in Li layered oxides driven by electro-autocatalysis.” Nat. Mater. doi: 10.1038/s41563-021-00936-1 The comments to this entry are closed.
What is Self-Awareness There are some most essential Life skillsSelf-Awareness is one of them. Life skills are capabilities for adaptive and positive behavior that allow humans to deal effectively with the requirements and difficulties of life which is also known as psychosocial competence Self Awareness implies one's ability to recognize himself after which he can impartially find strengths and weaknesses to work on it. Once we start self-introspection we get two of our sides. One Positive side and the other one is Negative. After self-introspection Improve your positive factors and get rid of negative factors. Why is it Important Self-awareness is important because it helps in better recognition of ourselves, eventually makes us feel as different and separate individuals. As a result of better self-awareness, our strengths and weaknesses are very clear to us and would allow getting rid of weak points. on the other hand, in the absence of self-awareness, we would not be able to find out our weaknesses but others will easily see them. This could reflect a negative impression of ourselves. Most of the confusion occurs because of less self-awareness which can be solved by self-consciousness. A little attention to yourself can become the reason for the biggest change in your life such as a healthy environment and changed lifestyle with a sense of a new identity that always existed but never turned out. Concept of self Awareness How to be Self-Aware Xenocentric requires that you first be aware that you are a creative and conscious being a created self-awareness is observing being able to objectively watch what's happening inside of you as if it was happening to someone else it is the Observer that is in each of us. We are all born aware as we grow our sense of self-awareness develops and allows us to observe at a deeper level what we think what we feel what we say and what we do Consciousness is a part of your awareness that eventually branches off as it becomes shaped by the sources of influence in our everyday lives parents teachers here is even society as a whole How to be self awareThis how we normally experience ourselves and how we think we are perceived by the world around us. Being self-conscious which is fueled by a fear of rejection is when we make judgments about ourselves based on our perception as well as how we think we're being perceived by others. When we're being self-conscious, it's typically characterized by what we call our monkey mind internal dialogue where our negative self-talk. I'm not as smart as most people I'm not good enough. I'm too fat. My nose is too big. I'm too this. I'm too that I'm always I never do any of this sound familiar. Have you ever told yourself something along those lines? About a situation that makes you nervous. Maybe it's giving a presentation. And if you hate giving presentations, have you ever listened to what you tell yourself before you gave one, maybe something along the lines of I'm not funny or witty. This is going to be a train wreck. What if someone asks a question? I can't answer. You know, I'm going to look like a complete idiot. If I screw this up, this is our self-critic talking it repeat this message over and over and it can often be meaner and harsher toward us and we've ever been towards anyone else and wants our self-critic has successfully convinced us that we are somehow subpar and less than worthwhile. We start to put measures into place to protect ourselves and to avoid rejection and painful situations when we are consumed with protecting defending and managing how others perceive us he gets in the way. We get in our way of being aware and being who we are. This keeps us from bringing our true self into relationships with others and it keeps others from doing the same with us. The result is that nobody authentically shows up instead we continue to run on autopilot and simply go through the motions but really who's in control, it's you you are you might think it's yourself critic, but it's you and even though you're self-critical always be with you you are the decider and you get to control what you focus on two by focusing on your awareness on your Observer and watching yourself from a distance. You can make some observations. I'm being self-conscious right now. I'm feeling calm and happy or I'm experiencing anxiety and stress. Enter the simple statement of observation. You are better equipped to choose to be your authentic self. Post a Comment Previous Post Next Post
Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Diagnosis Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Diagnosis If you have symptoms that suggest you may have bile duct cancer, it’s vital that your doctor has a clear and complete understanding of what’s causing them. When making a diagnosis, our experts take the time to learn about your medical history and understand your overall health. We conduct a thorough physical examination. You may have some of the following tests. Blood Tests Diagnosing bile duct cancer may begin with a test to measure the amount of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a chemical that comes from the breakdown of red blood cells and gives bile its yellow color. A high bilirubin level can lead to jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes) and mean that the liver or bile ducts are not functioning properly. Other blood tests measure levels of liver enzymes (such as alkaline phosphatase, AST, ALT, and GGT) and can identify abnormal amounts of other substances (such as CEA and CA 19-9). Finding any of these substances in the blood can indicate the presence of bile duct cancer. At MSK, we use the latest imaging techniques to pinpoint the exact size and location of newly diagnosed bile duct tumors. These details help us determine whether a tumor can be removed by surgery. They also help predict a tumor’s response to other treatments. Imaging helps guide our surgeons and interventional radiologists during many kinds of procedures. The imaging techniques we use at MSK include: • CT Scans CT scans take cross-sectional pictures of the body, helping doctors determine if the cancer cells are only in the bile duct or if they have spread to other areas. At MSK, we use triphasic CT scans. These take images of the bile ducts, liver, and nearby lymph nodes during three phases of blood flow through the liver. • Ultrasound Ultrasound is useful for detecting the location and number of tumors and whether the tumor involves the main blood vessels. Ultrasound can distinguish whether a mass is cancer or a benign (noncancerous) gallstone disease. Unlike CT, ultrasound does not use radiation. • Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography This technique uses MRI to show how much a tumor has grown within the bile duct. It helps doctors determine if the tumor can be removed by surgery. More detailed MRI may be needed to see if the tumor has spread to the liver or other organs. • Positron Emission Tomography PET scans can detect whether cancer has spread from the bile duct to other tissues or organs. PET and CT scans are sometimes used together (PET-CT) to pinpoint the exact location of tumors. Other Diagnostic Techniques We may do other tests to learn more about the extent of the tumor and the types of cells involved. These are often performed in an outpatient setting. • Biopsy During a biopsy, a doctor removes a small amount of tissue from the area where the cancer is suspected. At MSK, we use an image-guided technique called fine needle aspiration to get the sample of bile duct cancer. This procedure is usually performed by an interventional radiologist (a doctor who specializes in minimally invasive techniques). • Endoscopy This technique involves inserting an endoscope (a long, narrow tube attached to a camera and light) through the mouth and down the throat to examine the interior lining of the bile ducts. • Laparoscopy In this procedure, a doctor inserts a laparoscope (a thin lighted tube with a camera on its tip) through a small incision (cut) in the abdominal wall to look at the organs in the belly or pelvis. The doctor can then see the size of the cancer and if it has spread to other organs and lymph nodes. This evaluation is also called staging. Tissue samples may be removed for a biopsy during a laparoscopy as well. • Surgery Sometimes a bile duct tumor is too small to do a biopsy. If cancer is suspected, surgery to remove the tumor may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)- History and Conventions Any method of resolving disputes without litigation i.e. outside the courtroom is known as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). ADR is an umbrella term that includes all legally permitted processes of dispute resolution, other than litigation. As per Tania Sourdin, “it is a method that usually involves a third party that is a skilled helper who either assists the parties of the dispute to reach at a decision by agreement or facilitates in arriving at a solution to the problem between the parties to the dispute”. As per H.K. Saharay, “Arbitration is a process for settlement of disputes fairly and equitably through a person or persons or an institutional body without recourse to litigation by the disputing parties pursuant to an agreement”. So, let us look at how the various ADR mechanisms entered the legal system in most developed countries in the world, in brief :) ADR in ancient times: ADR or some of its processes have been used in India since ancient times, some of these processes are: 1. Panchayats: Panchayats were/are usually prevalent in rural areas. It is a place where the chosen people from the area gather to hear the matter of two parties and try to settle them amicably. 2. Gathering or Family Council: In case of a dispute arising in a family, the elders of the family intervene by hearing the matter and then providing a solution to it. 3. Adhikrita and Nripa. (Courts appointed by Kings): Kings of states used to select the courts and in those courts, matters were heard to fix the said problems. The examples of King’s Council members gathering to hear matters were found to have been happening since the Mauryan era at Patliputra (present-day Patna). 4. Mughal Period : Even from the onset of the Mughals arriving in India they were determined to administer the values of justice and law in their administrations. Judges, known as Kazee, used to follow Hedaya (guidance) to try and guide the two parties to resolve a matter. ADR in India during British Era: The regulation of 1787 empowered the then courts to refer suits for arbitration. The Bengal resolution of 1793 ( Act XVI of 1793) empowered courts to address a matter of arbitration with the consent of the parties involved where, the value of suit did not exceed 200Rs and thus, were primarily matters related to accounts, partnership, debts, non-performance of contractual obligations, etc. Dispute resolution in British Buildings Regulation XV of 1795 extended the 1793 resolution to the territory Madras. Similarly, Regulation XXI of 1803 extended XVI to territory ceded by Nawab Wazir. Similarly, the initiative taken at Madras was extended to the Presidency of Bombay in 1827. The Civil Procedure Code, 1859 added the provisions which empowered the court to refer disputes to arbitration (Chapter VI Section 312-327 but, not applicable to SC and small cause courts). Under British Rule, Indian Arbitration Act, 1899 was introduced as the first Indian legislation regarding ADR and there it was provided- the matters that would be settled by agreement between parties and did not require court supervision, and everything else was left to the purview of Schedule 2 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. The next legislation regarding any ADR process would come in the form of the Arbitration Act of 1940 which consolidated and amended the laws of arbitration and got assent on 11th March 1940 from the Governor-General. Arbitration Act, 1940 would ultimately prove to be technically complicated, time-consuming, and expensive in proceedings. The Act had only concerned itself with domestic arbitration and there was no substantial part on international ADR proceedings of any kind. Further, there was increasing growth in this sphere in the World through various conventions that were joined by many nations. The Conventions that shaped Alternative Dispute Resolution in the modern era: An international convention 1. 1927 Geneva Convention on the Execution of Foreign Arbitral Awards: Article 2 of this convention provided that, the enforcement of an award could be refused by the contracting parties even if the conditions of the said article were fulfilled. Some of the grounds based on which an award could be annulled are: 1. It is annulled in the country in which the award was made. 2. The party against whom the award is sought was not given ample time or opportunity to present their case or were not properly represented in a legal capacity. 3. The dispute between the parties decided on, was beyond the scope of what was submitted to arbitration in the agreement. This article applied to any award which was given after the enforcement of the 1923 Geneva Protocol on Arbitration Clauses. Read more about the convention, HERE. 2. 1958 Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (The New York Convention): This convention provided for uniform legislative standards for recognition of arbitral awards and agreements or recognition of courts that are treated as ‘foreign’ under legislation due to some “foreign elements” in its proceedings. The main objective behind this convention was to prevent discrimination between domestic and foreign arbitral awards by compelling signatory parties to enforce foreign awards with the same standard as domestic awards. However, any foreign award may be refused under certain grounds provided by the convention:
Health experts have issued a warning on a new killer flu strain that has been named as 'one of the most dangerous in the world'. The Brisbane flu, which originated in Queensland, Australia is reported to be included in the year's four-strain flu vaccine the World Health Organisation (WHO) has said. The WHO has named the flu as the deadliest in the world after the flu killed over 1,100 people in Australia alone last year. Michael Gannon who is the Australian Medical Association president told that: "The WHO gives the name of a regional area or city to a new form of virus and that enables them to document them. "It is just a name and the truth is that influenza is always dangerous and it is constantly mutating and changing. "That is why we need an influenza vaccination every year. And, because of the capacity of the virus to mutate, we see different types of influenza in different parts of the world at different times." Experts are now warning that the new strain could also spread across the UK and Ireland. He warned of starvation, medicine supplies running low, energy systems crippling and the possibility of the global economy collapsing. "The most likely culprit will be a new and unprecedentedly deadly mutation of the influenza virus. The conditions are right, it could happen tomorrow." Health experts are urging everyone to get vaccinated against the flu before peak season. Those most likely at risk include people over the age of 65, young children, pregnant women and people with underlying health conditions like asthma and heart disease. It has been advised that the best way to protect yourself from falling ill with the flu is to: regularly wash your hands to kill germs, practise safe hygiene by using a tissue when you sneeze and cough.
How To Become a Pilot How To Become a Pilot How To Become a Pilot Learn about the steps necessary how To Become a Pilot. Research the job description and the licensing requirements and find out how to start a career as an airline pilot. You might be asking, “How can I become a pilot?” if you’re reading this post. Airline and commercial pilots are educated to fly aerial vehicles for various tasks, including transporting goods and passengers. Although this career may appeal to adventurous spirits, controlling aeroplanes in various weather conditions and hazardous situations entails significant stress and responsibility. In most aircraft, two pilots are necessary, with the most experienced pilot serving as the captain. Pilot Job Duties Commercial pilots’ primary responsibility is to operate planes for businesses. However, other responsibilities come with the job. For example, pilots are responsible for inspecting the aircraft’s condition before and after each flight and ensuring that the plane stays below its statutory weight limit. They must also make flight plans and submit them to air traffic control, and guarantee that the weather is suitable for flying. Pilots must interact with air traffic control regularly and be physically and mentally ready for any emergencies during the flight. Career Requirements • Degree Level: Associate’s or bachelor’s degree or military flight training • Degree Fields: Aviation, aeronautics, or a comparable discipline • Licensure/Certification: Pilot’s license required, Airline Transportation Pilot (ATP) Certification specifically for airlines • Experience: 250 flight hours • Key Skills: Good depth perception and quick reaction time; good communication and problem-solving skills; knowledge of on-board systems and the ability to monitor them • Median Salary (May 2019): $147,220 (For all airline pilots, co-pilots, and flight engineers) How To Become a Pilot The pilot education requirements normally include an associate’s or bachelor’s degree in aviation, aeronautics, or a related field. However, the military also trains numerous pilots. Therefore, it’s also necessary to have 250 hours of flight time. You’ll also need a pilot’s licence and possibly some airline credentials. A pilot must also have good depth perception, quick reaction time, good communication, problem-solving skills, and knowledge of the capacity to monitor onboard systems. 1.Obtain a College Education You may be asking what kind of training is required to become a pilot. There are college degree programmes for pilot education accessible for persons who did not fly aeroplanes in the military. While a degree is not required, businesses prefer pilots who have completed college. In addition, commercial airlines prefer applicants with a bachelor’s degree over those with an associate’s degree, even though no specific degree is necessary for pilot positions. As a result, the education required to be a pilot usually involves a college diploma. To be a pilot, what exact classes and education do you need? Pilots with aeronautical engineering, mechanical engineering, physics, or computer science may have an excellent educational foundation. However, airlines want candidates who have studied liberal arts courses as well as aeronautical engineering classes. Flight school programmes are usually delivered by a Federal Aviation Administration-certified instructor (FAA). The following are some examples of topics studied in flight school: • Aeromedical knowledge • Aircraft mechanics • Principles of flight • Navigation and flight planning • Weather forecasting • Flight maneuvers and pilot duties Cadet programmes are available on several major airlines. As a pilot programme, these initiatives provide training and advantages such as tuition reimbursement upon completion. A commercial pilot’s licence (CPL) can cost upwards of $30,000, including pilot school. Thus this can be significant savings. The following are some of the main airlines that have cadet programmes: • American Airlines Cadet Academy • Delta Pilot Career Program • United Aviate Program • Air Canada Program • British Airways Program • Lufthansa Program 2.Gain Flying Hours So, now that you know what kind of education a pilot needs, how do you go about becoming one? According to the BLS, a pilot-in-training must accumulate a minimum of 250 hours of flight time before acquiring a pilot’s licence. Pilots can log these hours through the United States Armed Forces, gaining experience with various aircraft. The FAA also certifies flight instructors and flight schools to assist pilots in gaining the necessary flight experience. Many pilots start as flight instructors before progressing to commercial pilot status after earning additional flying time and experience. 3.Earn a Pilot’s License Applicants 18 years and older can fulfil the rest of the criteria for a federal commercial pilot’s licence after attaining the required flight hours. In addition, pilots must pass a physical check to confirm that they have adequate vision and hearing and no physical limitations that could compromise their ability to fly. Candidates must also complete a written exam covering safety knowledge and a skills test overseen by an FAA-certified instructor. The FAA requirements for earning a commercial pilot’s license are as follows: • 250 hours of flight time • 100 hours of pilot-in-command time • 50 hours of cross-country time • 20 hours of training • 10 hours of solo training, including both cross country and night flying 4.Complete Additional Tests and Training Additional examinations and licences may be required depending on the type of pilot role. The FAA offers a variety of certification options, including airworthiness and medical certificates. Certain airlines may also conduct psychological and IQ testing on their pilots. The following are some examples of pilot licences and certifications: • Instrument rating • Sport pilot license • Recreational pilot license • Airline transport pilot license • Multi-crew pilot license 5.Work as a Pilot Major airline firms will not hire inexperienced pilots since they must start somewhere. Pilots hired by major airlines typically have roughly 4,000 hours of commercial plane flying experience. In addition, most commercial airline pilots begin their careers as co-pilots, gaining valuable experience in the process. Pilots can also find work in other areas such as emergency services, agriculture, or reforestation. Pilots usually advance as they gain experience. Some pilots, for example, may start flying charter planes or helicopters before moving on to commercial carriers. Some begin their careers as flight instructors, which allows them to accrue hours while learning and improving their skills as pilots. 6.Advance in the Field Pilots are assigned to a seniority scheme. Pilots at the first officer rank may graduate to the rank of captain after gaining many years of experience, often 5-15 years, as stipulated in their contract. More advanced jobs, such as director of chief pilot positions, are frequently available in larger airline firms. To become a pilot, you must have the necessary training, obtained through a degree or the military and prior flying experience.
Computer Hardware Engineering Support a range of critical industries like healthcare, finance, and green technology Computer Science Engineer students What is Computer Hardware Engineering? Computer Hardware Engineers design and develop computer systems as well as the hardware elements. It’s how we maintain our vast networks of computer technology and are able to develop new efficient technology like smart watches and smart phones that fold or bend. Computer Hardware Engineering supports a range of critical industries like healthcare, finance, and green technology. Why study Computer Hardware Engineering? This study area is incredibly broad and gives you plenty of flexibility while you study and when it comes to getting a job. You’ll study maths and physics as well as core computing, digital design and electronics courses. You also have the choice to study electives in areas like networks, operating systems, embedded systems, telecommunications, and artificial intelligence. Why choose UNSW? Become a leader in innovation and development of new technologies that impact the world when you study Computer Hardware Engineering. You’ll be studying at UNSW Computer Science and Engineering, one of the largest schools of its kind in Australia which provides the most technically challenging computing degrees in the country. What about careers? If you love working to create new things, computer hardware engineering is a great career for you. Computer Hardware Engineers are typically found in research laboratories working on different types of computer models. Many computer hardware engineers work in high tech manufacturing firms, computer system design firms, research and design firm or for the government. Career options include: • Network Architect • Computer and Information Research • IT Specialist • Computer Hardware Engineer How can I study Computer Hardware Engineering?
NGC6914 and the misteriuos red glow in Summer Milky Way When we publish a deep-sky themed astrophoto, many will surely wonder what they exatly see in the picture. In the case of Moon, Jupiter, Saturn photos, there is not much to explain about the given image (of course there are many interesting things about them, but the sight usually speaks for itself, and this of course does not detract from the merits of these photos), but rarely photographed objects like this usually reveal only a few obvious things about themselves to non-photographers. Furthermore, the ambiguity of the circumstances and astrophysical background of the making also gives many the feeling that the images are “colored”, “kitsched” arbitrarily or according to supposed aesthetic considerations. While in some cases this is done intentionally or accidentally, and of course subjectivity cannot be completely ruled out, it is never the primary intention for most of us (otherwise, there are many examples of foreign photographers mentioned above). So I was thinking about explaining a little bit about exactly what we’re seeing and why we’re seeing it in the picture with my latest photo. The first and most important, almost fundamental thing is to strive for astrophysical fidelity when processing images. What is not in the picture we don’t put there, what is there (in space), we don’t erase. And we don’t do it the way it can’t be out there. All aesthetic issues – saturation, contrast, composition – can only follow. My image depicts the emission nebula complex NGC6914 and its environment. This area is located in the Milky Way disc, in the constellation Swan. Usually in the arms of the Milky Way, where the material of our galaxy is concentrated, there are a large number of stars and massive amount gas and dust that surround them. Areas like this typically photographed in Milky Way often glow in red, as you can see in the picture. This is not because of the convention of photographers, but because ultraviolet radiation from the surrounding hot stars brings the atoms of the aforementioned gases into an energized state. In this case, an electron “circulating” around the nucleus enters a shell of higher energy. When this state ceases, the electron returns to its stable orbit and the previously transmitted energy is emitted in the form of light. This light has a well-defined and constant wavelength that is clearly characteristic of the material. In the case of hydrogen, the radiation of the first energized state is 656,281 nanometers. And this is a red color and this is called Hydrogen alpha radiation. And why are almost all such images red? Because hydrogen is the most common material in our universe, its most elemental building block, the stars are also born of these hydrogen clouds, they are still born, so we will most likely find such hydrogen-rich areas in the arms of the Milky Way. But not only hydrogen can emit light when energized, but also oxygen or sulfur, for example, but visible light is created in kitchen fluorescent lamps on a similar principle. Furthermore, hydrogen has not only one such state, but several that are no longer red. Such luminous nebulae are otherwise called emission nebulae. The gas composition of an emission nebula strongly influences its color. It takes a long examination and precise follow-up to return them as realistic as possible. This is further complicated by the fact that the colors are strongly distorted by atmospheric conditions, altitude above the horizon and light pollution, so after a certain point, the photographer’s subjectivity actually enters the picture. Why don’t we see these colors with the naked eye too? On one hand, because such an area does not emit enough light for our eyes to see in color, moreover, for most of these wavelengths, our eyes are almost completely blind. For example, Hydrogen alpha falls at the very edge of the range we perceive. In many cases, we write to the technical data that the image was taken with a modified DSLR camera. The modification is also necessary because the factory condition machine is just as sensitive to this range as our eyes. During the process, an infrared filter is built into the machine, which allows this range to pass through with an efficiency of around 90%. Furthermore, long exposures of up to several minutes are needed to collect enough light on the sensor to be able to extract enough information from it. Now let’s look at the stars. Even my own father, who has been an acclaimed amateur photographer for 40 years, grimaced at one of my similar photos and asked why I should color the stars this way and why I put those kitschy rays on it. Therefore, I think this phenomenon also needs to be explained. The color of the stars is real! In fact, the stars are the surest point of reference for determining the correct color balance for a photo. And if we gather enough light for our photo, these colors can be defined nicely and relatively accurately. This is because color is directly related to the temperature of the star. Put simply, the warmer a body is, the shorter its wavelength emits its heat in the form of electromagnetic radiation. This phenomenon was already known in the 19th century, but its exact description and solution of the problem of temperature radiation was impossible with the tools of traditional physics. The solution was found by Max Planck on the basis of a hypothesis published in 1900, which proved to be true and, incidentally, laid the foundations of quantum physics. So if a star is “cold”, it will turn red. As it warms, its color shifts from spectrum to orange to yellow and then to blue. Astronomers keep an accurate record of the stars in a cataloged in accessible way. In the case of very bright stars, these color differences can be easily recognized with the naked eye (Arcturus vs Vega, Betelgeuse vs Sirius). As for the rays, they don’t get into the picture either during processing, although it’s accepted abroad to draw spikes on the stars, but I don’t think it’s either ethical or aesthetic. Spikes are a feature of photos taken with Newtonian telescopes. In front of the tube, where the secondary mirror is located, there are usually 4 mirror holder legs that cross the path of light. The “glittering” light on these creates the 4 rays of the star, which are otherwise called diffraction spikes. Since these are not in the sky, they could even be removed, but since the result of this operation is doubtful, it is more common to work them out as aesthetically as possible as part of the composition. The shape of these also reveals the condition of our telescope. If they are asymmetrical or open from the star, it all indicates that the legs are not properly positioned, which can even cause other imperfections. Catadioptrical tubes with or without lenses may not form such a diffraction spike. However, in addition to the glowing hydrogen and colored stars, there is much more to the picture, and most of the time, this “other” is the real photo subject. In this case, it is no different, as the main theme is the bluish-twisted patch group in the middle of the image and the diagonally extending dark band. These are the so-called reflection nebulas, which reflect back or just obscure the light from the surrounding stars. The bluish spots seen here are blue because they are lit by blue hot stars. They look very similar to the dust around the Pleiades anyway. The dark band is interstellar dust and gas that is not illuminated and energized by any star (at least the part facing us) and that evolves through the Milky Way during the evolution of our galaxy under the influence of stellar winds and shock waves and remnants of ancient supernovae. Such forces usually cause a clump in these clouds of matter over and over again, leading to the birth of more and more stars and planets. Surprisingly, hiding behind the dark dust can often be seen so-called Herbig-Haro objects (although my resolution for this is already starting to be scarce), which is a clear and spectacular sign of star formation. With such objects, it is possible to capture just how the material falling into the protostar ejects in the form of a jet through the poles of the star and then glows when it collides with the interstellar medium. Similar objects can also be observed in the dark dust bands of the M78 reflection nebula. In addition, there are a number of exciting details worth browsing and researching in the image, such as the V1515 Cyg star, on which the dust bubble formed around the star can be seen quite clearly, from which it is thought to form its planetary system. But not only on this, but on almost any image we take with telescopes facing the sky worth invetigating because they bring surprising but elusive, incomprehensibly seemingly distant mystical phenomena read in books or seen on TV at arm’s length. Távcső: 200/800 SkyWatcher Newton Mechanika: SkyWatcher NEQ6 pro upgraded Vezetés: Lacerta MGen autoguider Kamera: Canon EOS 600D Exposure: 141*5 min on ISO 800 Készítés ideje: from 2017.06.23 to 2017.07.18 Készítés helye: Ágasvár, Mezőfalva, Medvida (Hr), Velika Popina (Hr) Leave a Reply

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