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Nasal cavity: Air is filtered. The moist surface of the lining of the nasal |
cavity,, and the hairs growing from its sides, remove some |
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of the tiny particles of dirt in the air. In addition, as the |
inhaled air passes through the nasal cavity, its temperature |
is brought close to that of the body, and it takes up water |
vapour so that it becomes more moist than before. |
Pharynx: Warming and moistening goes on in this common passage |
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of digestive and respiratory system. Epiglottis, a flap like |
muscular valve controls movement of food and air towards |
their respective passages. |
Larynx: This stiff box contains our vocal cords. When air passes |
out of the lungs and over the vocal cords, it causes them |
LA |
to vibrate. This produces sounds on the basis of our |
speech, song etc. |
Trachea: ind pipe channeling air to lungs. Touch your throat to |
Wind |
feel the tube like structure. |
TE |
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Bronchus: At its lower end the trachea or the wind pipe divides into |
two bronchi-one leading to each lung. |
Bronchioles: Each bronchi is further divided into smaller and smaller |
branches called bronchioles. |
Alveolus: These finally terminate in clusters of air sacs called |
T |
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alveoli in the lungs which are very small and numerous. |
Gaseous exchange takes place here as blood capillaries |
take up oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. |
ER |
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Blood: Blood carries oxygen, to each and every cell of the body |
and collects CO2 from them. |
The whole passage from nostrils to alveolus is moist and warm. |
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Do you know? |
SC |
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The interior of lung is divided into millions of small chambers, thus tremendously |
increasing the moist surface available for transfer of gases between air and blood. |
The linings of the lungs are much folded and so their total surface is enormous. If all |
alveoli of our lungs are spread out they will cover an area of nearly 160 m2. Which is |
equivalent to tennis court. |
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28 X Class Respiration - The energy releasing system |
Think and discuss |
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A |
What will happen if the respiratory tract is not moist? |
Are both lungs similar in size? |
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Why are alveoli so small and uncountable in number? |
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Epiglottis and passage of air |
Epiglottis diverts air to Epiglottis diverts food mass |
From the nasal cavity, the air goes lungs away from opening of larynx |
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into the pharynx. There is a tricky |
problem here. From the pharynx there |
are two passages, beginning with nearly |
same opening and ending into separate |
ones, one to the lungs and one to the |
stomach. It is important that air goes into |
LA |
one and food into the other. It is also |
important that food does not enter the |
tube through which air goes into the |
fig-5(a): Breathing fig-5(b): Swallowing |
lungs. The traffic is kept properly |
TE |
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