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Now let us know the structure of human excretory system and its fig-2: LS of |
functions. Kidney of goat |
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Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 77 |
Kidneys |
In Human beings there is a pair of bean shaped, reddish brown structures |
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A |
in the abdominal cavity attached to dorsal body wall (fig-3) one on either |
side of the back bone they are kidneys. The right kidney is placed slightly |
lower than the left kidney. Think why it is so? |
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AN |
The size of the kidney is 10 cm in length, 5-6 cm in breadth, and 4 cm |
in thickness. Each kidney is convex on the outer side and concave on the |
inner side. The position of the right kidney is lower than the left kidney |
due to the presence of liver above. |
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Let us recall the last question in your lab activity. The inner side of |
each kidney has a fissure or hilum for the entry of a renal artery |
artery, exit of a |
renal vein and an ureter.. Renal artery brings oxygenated blood loaded |
with waste products and renal vein carries deoxygenated blood. The waste |
products generated in various organs of the body are filtered and removed |
by the kidneys. |
LA |
posterior vena cava dorsal aorta |
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adrenal gland renal artery |
TE |
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left kidney |
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renal vein |
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left ureter |
T |
ER |
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opening of ureter |
bladder into bladder |
urethra |
fig-3: Location of kidneys |
external opening |
fig-4: Excretory system |
SC |
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Internal structure of the kidney: |
Let us observe L.S of the kidney to know more about internal structure. |
It shows two distinct regions. Dark coloured outer zone called the cortex |
and pale inner zone called medulla. Each kidney is made up of approximately |
more than one million (1.3 to 1.8 million) microscopic and thin tubular |
functional units called nephrons or uriniferous tubules. |
78 X Class Excretion The wastage disposing system |
Structure of nephron |
Each nephron has basically two parts. 1) Malpighian body and 2) Renal |
tubule. |
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A |
Malpighian body: It consists of a blind cup shaped broader end of nephron |
called Bowman’s capsule and bunch of fine blood capillaries called |
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AN |
glomerulus. The Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus together called |
malpighian capsule or renal capsule. Glomerulus develops from afferent |
arteriole. It gives rise to an efferent arteriole. |
Think why the diameter of the efferent arteriole is less than that of |
afferent arteriole? |
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NG |
Because of the narrower out let (efferent arteriole) pressure exerts in |
the glomerulus.It functions as a filtration unit. Bowmans capsule which |
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