Datasets:
karthikmns
/
eval_testing_mns

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
 Community
1
SC
stringlengths
1
129
⌀
accommodates one glomerulus,is lined by a single layer of squamous
epithelial cells called podocyte cells. There are fine pores between
podocyte cells to allow passage of materials filtered out of glomerulus.
LA afferent arteriole
malpighian body
efferent arteriole
null
null
cortex
glomerulus { Bowman’s capsule
first convoluted tubule
TE
null
medulla
second convoluted
tubule
renal artery
renal vein
collecting duct
nephron ureter
loop of Henle
T
null
null
capillary network
calyces
pelvis
pelvis
open to pelvis
ER
null
null
null
null
fig-5: Internal structure of kidney
fig-6: Structure of a nephron
Renal tubule: It has three parts. First or proximal convoluted tubule (PCT),
loop of Henle, which is U shaped, second or distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Distal convoluted tubules open into a collecting tube. Collecting tube
SC
null
null
null
null
form pyramids and calyces which open into the pelvis. Pelvis leads into
the ureter. All the parts of the renal tubule are covered by a network of
peritubular (around tube) capillaries formed from efferent arteriole. The
peritubular capillaries join to form renal venule, which joins the other
venules to form finally the renal vein.
Why the nephron is considered to be the structural and functional
unit of the kidney?
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 79
Mechanisms of urine formation
Formation of urine involves four stages i. Glomerular filtration,
null
null
null
null
A
ii.Tubular reabsorption, iii. Tubular secretion, iv.Concentration of urine
i) Glomerular filtration
null
null
null
null
AN
Blood flows from renal artery to glomerulus through afferent arteriole.
Observe the fig-7 of glomerular filtration in nephron and try to answer the
following questions.
Which arteriole has moree diameter, afferent or efferent?
What are the substances that are filtered into the glomerular capsule?
null
null
null
null
NG
ii) Tubular Re-absorption
Filtrate from glomerular is also called primary urine which almost equal
to blood in chemical composition except the presence of blood cells. It
passes into proximal convoluted tubule. Useful substances in primary urine
are reabsorbed into peritubular net work.
LA
If you drink moree water will you pass more urine?
What are the substances reabsorbed into peritubular net work from
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
iii) Tubular secretion
TE
null
After reabsorption in PCT region, the urine travels through the loop
DCT. Here some other wastes like extra salts ions of K+ Na+
of Henle into DCT.
Cl – and H+ secretes from peritubular capillaries in to DCT. It occurs mostly
in the distal convoluted tubule, which is also surrounded by peritubular
capillaries. This maintains a proper concentration and pH of the urine.
T
null
null
Smaller amount of tubular secretion also takes place in the area of proximal
convoluted tubule. Observe tubular secretion in fig-7.
ER