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Let us know about artificial kidney.
Dialysis Machine (Artificial kidney)
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Kidneys are vital organs for survival. Several
factors like infections, injury, very high blood
pressure, very high blood sugar or restricted
blood flow to kidneys. This leads to accumulation
of poisonous wastes in the body and leads to
death. Dialysis machine is used to filter the blood
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of a person when both kidneys are damaged. The
process is called ‘haemodialysis’. In this process
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blood is taken out from the main artery, mixed fig-8: Dialysis
with an anticoagulant, such as heparin, and then
pumped into the apparatus called dialyzer. In this apparatus blood flows
through channels or tubes which are madeup of cellophane. These tubes
are embedded in the dialyzing fluid. The membrane separates the blood
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flowing inside the tube and dialyzing fluid (dialysis), which has the same
composition as that of plasma, except the nitrogenous wastes.
As nitrogenous wastes are absent in dialyzing fluids, these substances
from the blood move out freely, there by cleaning the blood of its wastes.
This process is called dialysis. This is similar to function of the kidney
but is different as there is no reabsorption involved .The cleaned blood is
pumped back to the body through a vein after adding anti-coagulant (heparin).
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 83
Each dialysis session lasts for 3 to 6 hours. This method has been using
for thousands of uremic / kidney failure patients all over the world.
Is there any long term solution for kidney failure patients?
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A
Do you know?
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AN
The first kidney transplantation was performed between
identical twins in 1954 by Dr. Charles Hufnagel was a surgeon
at Washington, USA . In India first kidney transplantation was
done on 1st December 1971 at the Christian Medical college,
Vellore, Tamilnadu.
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Dr. Charles Hufnagel
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Kidney transplantation
The best long term solution for kidney failure (acute renal failure) is
Kidney transplantation. A functioning kidney is used in transplantation from
a donor preferably a close relative. The kidney that is received by a recipient
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must be a good match to his body, to minimize the chances of rejection of
transplanted kidney by the immune system of the recipient. Modern clinical
procedures have increased the success rate of such complicated technique.
Where is the transplanted kidney fixed in the
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body of a kidney failure patient?
What about the failed kidneys?
Can donor lead normal life with a single kid-
ney without any complications?
Now a days the process of organ donation helps
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a lot for kidney failure patients. Organs are collected
fig-9: Kidney transplantation
from brain dead patients, then transplanted to the
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recepient. To know more about organ donation see in annexure.
Other pathways of excretion ((accessory excretory organs)
You have learnt about kidney, chief excretory organ of our body.
What are the other excretory organs of human body?
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