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Lungs, skin, liver have their own specific functions but carry out |
excretion as a secondary function. |
Lungs: In respiratory process lungs remove carbon |
dioxide and water. |
Skin: It consists of large number of sweat glands |
richly supplied with blood capillaries, from which |
fig-10: Lung, Skin they extract sweat and some metabolic wastes. |
84 X Class Excretion The wastage disposing system |
Since the skin sends out plenty of water and small amount of salts, it serves |
as an excretory organ. Sebaceous glands in skin eliminate sebum which |
contains waxes, sterols, hydrocarbons and fatty acids. |
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Collect information on sebum and prepare a news bulletin, display |
it on bulletin board? |
People in cold countries get very less/no sweat. What changes oc- |
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cur in their skin and in other excretory organs? |
Liver: It produces bile pigments (bilirubin ,biliverdin and urochrome) |
which are metabolic wastes of haemoglobin of dead R.B.Cs. The life span |
of RBC is 120 days. They are destroyed in the liver. Urochrome is |
eliminated through urine. Biliverdin and bilirubin are excreted through |
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NG |
bile along with cholesterol and derivatives of steroid hormones, extra drug, |
vitamins and alkaline salts. Liver is also involved in urea formation. |
Large intestine: Excess salts of calcium magnesium and iron are excreted |
by epithelial cells of colon (large intestine) for elimination along with the |
faeces. |
Small amount of nitrogenous wastes are also eliminated through saliva fig-11: Liver, |
and tears. |
LA intestine |
Excretion in other organisms |
Different organisms use varied strategies in excretion. Specific |
excretory organs are absent in unicellular organisms. These organisms |
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remove waste products by simple diffusion from the body surface into the |
surrounding water. Fresh water organisms like Amoeba, Paramoecium |
possess osmoregulatory organelle called contractile vacuole. It collects |
water and waste from the body, swells up, reaches the surface and bursts |
to release its content to outside. The main excretion takes place through |
body surface (Diffusion). |
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Table-4 |
Name of the phylum/ Excretory system/ |
ER |
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organism organ |
Protozoa Simple diffusion from the body surface in to |
the surrounding water |
Porifera and coelenterates Water bathes almost all their cells |
Platyhelminthes Flame cells |
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Nematoda Renette cells |
Annelids Nephridia |
Arthropoda Green glands, Malpighian tubules |
Mollusca Meta nephridia |
Echinodermata Water vascular system |
Reptiles, Aves and Mammals Kidneys |
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Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 85 |
Multicellular organisms possess different excretory organs for |
removal of waste materials from the body. Structural and functional |
complexity of excretory organs increases from sponges to humans. |
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Sponges and coelenterates do not have specific excretory organs as water |
bathes almost all their cells. Excretory structures appear for the first time |
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in Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are known as flame cells. |
Now let us see how this vital process takes place in plants |
Excretion and release of substance in plants |
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