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Corpus collosum years back by Greek physiologists.
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Diencephalon Brain has the following divisions –
pons varolii 1. Forebrain – cerebrum,
cerebellum diencephalon
pituitary gland
2. Midbrain – optic lobes
spinal cord
medulla 3. Hindbrain – cerebellum, medulla
oblongata
fig-10: Brain oblongata.
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100 X Class Coordination - The liking system
Table - 1 : Let us study the functions of the various parts of the brain
Fore brain
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Olfactory lobes : These clubshaped widely spread bodies are visible from the ventral
surface only.
Functions : These are concerned with sense of smell.
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Cerebrum : It consists of two lobes called cerebral hemispheres. The surface of the
cerebrum has many folds, they appear as elevations (Gyri) and depressions (Sulci). Sulci
are very prominent and divide each hemisphere into four lobes.
l ask your teacher the name of those lobes.
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l observe the fig. 10 which part connects the two hemispheres ?
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Functions : i) Seat of mental abilities, controls thinking, memory, reasoning, perception,
emotions and speech.
ii) Interprets sensations and responds to cold, heat, pain and pressure.
Diencephalon : This rhomboidal shaped lobe visible from inferior surface of brain. It lies
LA
between cerebrum and mid brain. It is divided into thalamus and hypothalamus (Master
control centre of endocrine system). Where as Pituatory gland is called Master gland.
Functions : i) Relay centre for sensory impulses, such as pain, temperature and light.
ii) Reflex centre for muscular activities.
iii) Centre for certain emotions such as anger.
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iv) Centre for water balance, blood pressure, body temperature, sleep and hunger.
v) The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland, which functions as the
master gland.
Mid-brain : This is a small thick stalked portion. This connects forebrain with cerebellum
and pons of hind brain.
T
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l observe optic lobes of mid brain in the brain model in your laboratory.
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l observe the fig. 10 which part connects the two hemispheres ?
ER
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Functions : It relays motor impulses from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord and relays
sensory impulses from the spinal cord to the thalamus, reflexes for sight and hearing.
Hind brain : This is the last part of the brain consists of cerebellum, medulla oblongata.
Cerebellum : It is located below the cerebrum and above medulla oblongata. It consists
of two large cerebellar hemispheres.
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Functions : i) Maintains posture, equilibrium and muscle tone.
ii) Coordinates voluntary movements initiated by cerebrum.
Medulla oblongata : It is almost triangular shaped. Medulla oblongata extends from pons
to spinal cord. Ask your teacher grey and white matters of medulla oblongata
Functions : i) Contains centre for cardiac, respiratory and vasomotor activities.
(Vasomotor refers to actions upon a blood vessel which alter its diameter)
ii) Coordinates reflexes like swallowing, coughing, sneezing and vomiting.
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 101
Do you know ?
The brain weighs approximately 1400g. Though the brain comprises little more
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than 2% the body’s weight, it uses 20% of the whole body energy.
An average adult male brain weighs about 1375g and female 1275g.
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