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karthikmns
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eval_testing_mns

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nerves that are linked to the brain and the spinal cord on one end and muscles
on the other.
What do you think the end of these nerves act at the muscular end?
Autonomous Nervous System
The PNS can either involuntarily control several functions of regions
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like our internal organs, blood vessels, smooth and cardiac muscles.So it
is called autonomous nervous system. It has voluntary control of muscles
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of some areas of skin and the skeletal muscle.
We can take up an example to see how certain involuntary function
controlled by autonmous nervous system takes place in our body. A very
evident observation is the reduction and expansion of the pupil of our eye.
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When we enter a dark room we cannot see anything immediately. Slowly
we are able to see the things around us in the room. This is because of
increase in diameter of pupil, which allows more light in. When we come
out of the dark room into broad day light the diameter of the pupil decreases
allowing less light to enter into the eyes. Both these functions occur under
the influence of the autonomous nervous system.
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 103
Do you know ?
Research in the past two decades has brought out an interesting fact. Other
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than central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, there is a system of
neurons present in our digestive tract that can function even independently of
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either CNS or PNS. It has been nick named as a second brain and the system is
called as enteric nervous system (ENS).
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You know that medulla oblongata is the region that regulates heartbeat,
breathing etc. the system that helps to bring about such activities of internal
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organs is called autonomous nervous system. Normally such involuntary
activities take place by the coordinated efforts of the medulla oblongata
and autonomous nervous system.
Sympathetic Para sympathetic
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Dilates pupil Constricts pupil
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Inhibit salivation Stimulates salivation
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Relaxes bronchi Constrict bronchi
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Accelerates heart beat Inhibits heart beat
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Increase blood pressure Decrease blood pressure
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Inhibit pancreas activity Stimulates pancreas activity
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Decreases secretion of Increases secretion of
digestive juices digestive juices
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Relaxes urinary bladder Contract urinary bladder
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Inhibit sex structures Stimulates sex structures
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fig-14: Autonomous nervous system
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Now let us see how the autonomous nervous system influences the
life activities. Observe the fig-14 and record your observations.