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548152 | Upregulated expression of human neutrophil peptides 1, 2 and 3 (HNP 1-3) in colon cancer serum and tumours: a biomarker study | Background Molecular markers for localized colon tumours and for prognosis following therapy are needed. Proteomics research is currently producing numerous biomarker studies with clinical potential. We investigate the protein composition of plasma and of tumour extracts with the aim of identifying biomarkers for colon... | Background The diagnostic stage of colon cancer determines survival. Patients diagnosed with localized tumours have a 75% probability of 5 year survival, whereas patients diagnosed with distant metastases only have a 5–10 % probability of 5 year survival (reviewed in [ 1 ]). Recently a number of studies have been publi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548152.xml |
546037 | Light-Dependent Development of Circadian Gene Expression in Transgenic Zebrafish | The roles of environmental stimuli in initiation and synchronization of circadian oscillation during development appear to vary among different rhythmic processes. In zebrafish, a variety of rhythms emerge in larvae only after exposure to light-dark (LD) cycles, whereas zebrafish period3 (per3) mRNA has been reported t... | Introduction The circadian clock controls biological processes such as behavior, gene expression, and physiology in diverse organisms, ensuring that these processes to take place at appropriate times of the day. This is crucial for many organisms, such as plants, which must synchronize photosynthesis with day-night cyc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546037.xml |
521696 | The effect of oxythioquinox exposure on normal human mammary epithelial cell gene expression: A microarray analysis study | Background Inter-individual variation in normal human mammary epithelial cells in response to oxythioquinox (OTQ) is reported. Gene expression signatures resulting from chemical exposures are generally created from analysis of exposures in rat, mouse or other genetically similar animal models, limiting information abou... | Background Oxythioquinox (Morestan™ or OTQ, Bayer Corp) is a prototypical pesticide that was first used in 1968 on crops such as apples, pears, cucumbers, and gherkins. However, its use was later confined to non-food crops, limiting exposure to nursery and greenhouse employees. OTQ is a member of the quinoxaline class ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521696.xml |
535807 | Inconsistent self-reported mammography history: Findings from the National Population Health Survey longitudinal cohort | Background Self-reported information has commonly been used to monitor mammography utilization across populations and time periods. However, longitudinal investigations regarding the prevalence and determinants of inconsistent responses over time and the impact of such responses on population screening estimates are la... | Background In the absence of organized screening, self-report is often the only means to monitor mammography utilization and to investigate trends in uptake at the population level [ 1 ]. In Canada, mammographic screening occurs both within organized programs and opportunistically through routine medical practice [ 2 ]... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535807.xml |
549516 | Prognostic indicators in peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastrointestinal cancer | Peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastrointestinal cancer has new treatment options for surgical management. The approach uses cytoreductive surgery which combines peritonectomy and visceral resection in an effort to remove all visible cancer within the abdomen and pelvis. Then the peritoneal cavity is flooded with chemot... | I. Introduction Peritoneal carcinomatosis has always been regarded as a terminal condition. It is present in 10 to 30% of patients with gastrointestinal cancer at the time of their initial surgery and is a frequent finding in patients who develop recurrent cancer. Important natural history studies establish a 6-month m... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549516.xml |
548146 | Induction of chondro-, osteo- and adipogenesis in embryonic stem cells by bone morphogenetic protein-2: Effect of cofactors on differentiating lineages | Background Recently, tissue engineering has merged with stem cell technology with interest to develop new sources of transplantable material for injury or disease treatment. Eminently interesting, are bone and joint injuries/disorders because of the low self-regenerating capacity of the matrix secreting cells, particul... | Background Articular cartilage is composed of extracellular matrix (ECM), the matrix-secreting chondrocyte and water, which all account for the tissue's characteristic rigidity as well as its flexibility. These features are necessary in order to warrant life-long survival of the cartilage tissue, especially in the join... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548146.xml |
514611 | Interval exercise versus continuous exercise in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – study protocol for a randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN11611768] | Background Physical exercise has become a cornerstone of management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because it leads to clinically relevant improvements of exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Despite the scarcity of randomised trials directly comparing exercise protocols, curren... | Background Impaired exercise capacity, dyspnoea and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL) are common complaints of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A major exercise-limiting factor in COPD is peripheral muscle dysfunction characterised by atrophic muscles and reduced fatigue resistanc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514611.xml |
516774 | The aminoguanidine carboxylate BVT.12777 activates ATP-sensitive K+ channels in the rat insulinoma cell line, CRI-G1 | Background 3-guanidinopropionic acid derivatives reduce body weight in obese, diabetic mice. We have assessed whether one of these analogues, the aminoguanidine carboxylate BVT.12777, opens K ATP channels in rat insulinoma cells, by the same mechanism as leptin. Results BVT.12777 hyperpolarized CRI-G1 rat insulinoma ce... | Background ATP-sensitive K + (K ATP ) channels are important regulators of cell function, coupling energy metabolism with electrical activity. K ATP channels are comprised of two proteins, derived from the sulphonylurea receptor (SUR) family and an inwardly rectifying K + channel (Kir6.x family), the exact composition ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516774.xml |
535813 | Widespread presence of "bacterial-like" PPP phosphatases in eukaryotes | Background In eukaryotes, PPP ( p rotein p hosphatase P ) family is one of the two known protein phosphatase families specific for Ser and Thr. The role of PPP phosphatases in multiple signaling pathways in eukaryotic cell has been extensively studied. Unlike eukaryotic PPP phosphatases, bacterial members of the family... | Background Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism, indispensable for regulation of virtually any cellular function. Therefore, protein kinases and phosphatases are of paramount importance for normal functioning of all metabolic and signalling pathways. In eukaryotes, PPP family is one of the t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535813.xml |
514605 | A study comparing the actions of gabapentin and pregabalin on the electrophysiological properties of cultured DRG neurones from neonatal rats | Background Gabapentin and pregabalin have wide-ranging therapeutic actions, and are structurally related to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Gabapentin, pregablin and GABA can all modulate voltage-activated Ca 2+ channels. In this study we have used whole cell patch clamp recording and fura-2 Ca 2+ imaging to char... | Background Gabapentin (Neurotonin ® ) and pregabalin (S(+)-3-isobutyl GABA) were both originally designed as GABA mimetics (Figure 1A ), with the intention that they would be able to cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with GABAergic systems and enhance GABA mediated inhibition. Although gabapentin appears to ha... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514605.xml |
439783 | Genomic Analysis of Mouse Retinal Development | The vertebrate retina is comprised of seven major cell types that are generated in overlapping but well-defined intervals. To identify genes that might regulate retinal development, gene expression in the developing retina was profiled at multiple time points using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). The express... | Introduction The vertebrate retina is a model system for studying both the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). Only six major types of neurons develop within the retina, along with a single type of glial cell ( Rodieck 1998 ). These cells are readily distinguished from one another by morpholog... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC439783.xml |
539230 | Unique Double-Barreled Enzyme Makes Methionine the Hard Way | null | If a cell is a complex symphony of chemical reactions, its enzymes are the instruments through which this elemental music is played. Each reaction is catalyzed by a specific enzyme, whose uniquely shaped active site not only binds reactants, but, by forming weak and temporary bonds, coaxes them into new orientations wi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539230.xml |
554976 | Comparing strategies for United States veterans' mortality ascertainment | Background We aimed to determine optimal strategies for complete mortality ascertainment comparing death certificates and United States (US) Veterans Administration (VA) records. Methods We constructed a cohort of California veterans who died in fiscal year (FY) 2000 and used VA services the year before death. We deter... | Introduction Clinicians, healthcare administrators, researchers, regulators and policymakers are concerned with optimizing mortality ascertainment using administrative data. In addition to its clinical importance, mortality informs program planning, quality assessment and improvement, and public reporting [ 1 - 8 ]. Ve... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554976.xml |
524261 | One Brain, One Vision | null | Not all devices that measure the same property do it in the same way—a clock might use a spring system or it might be digitally synchronized to a transmitted signal. Although both have the same goal of reporting accurate time, each is subject to different errors. Sometimes even the same device uses different systems to... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524261.xml |
554786 | Using equilibrium frequencies in models of sequence evolution | Background The f factor is a new parameter for accommodating the influence of both the starting and ending states in the rate matrices of "generalized weighted frequencies" (+gwF) models for sequence evolution. In this study, we derive an expected value for f , starting from a nearly neutral model of weak selection, an... | Background Felsenstein [ 1 ] was the first to introduce an evolutionary model for DNA sequences, which allows for unequal nucleotide frequencies (see also [ 2 ]). His F81 model allows for substitutions at a rate proportional to the frequencies of the ending nucleotides. It is considered the simplest rate matrix for acc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554786.xml |
544581 | Metallopanstimulin as a marker for head and neck cancer | Background Metallopanstimulin (MPS-1) is a ribosomal protein that is found in elevated amounts in the sera of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We used a test, denoted MPS-H, which detects MPS-1 and MPS-1-like proteins, to determine the relationship between MPS-H serum levels and clinical sta... | Background Effective therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which constitutes approximately 95% of head and neck malignancies, is dependent upon early diagnosis and intervention. Despite the obvious advantage to earlier diagnosis of head and neck malignancies, no strategy has proven to effectively d... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544581.xml |
524513 | An unusual case of chronic meningitis | Background Chronic meningitis is defined as symptoms and signs of meningeal inflammation and persisting cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities such as elevated protein level and pleocytosis for at least one month. Case presentation A 62-year-old woman, of unremarkable past medical history, was admitted to hospital for inves... | Background Bacterial Meningitis usually presents as an acute illness, predominantly affecting children and young adults. It typically presents with the classical clinical triad of fever, neck stiffness and an altered mental state. However, it may rarely present as a chronic illness, without the classic clinical feature... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524513.xml |
544595 | The migration of physicians from sub-Saharan Africa to the United States of America: measures of the African brain drain | Background The objective of this paper is to describe the numbers, characteristics, and trends in the migration to the United States of physicians trained in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We used the American Medical Association 2002 Masterfile to identify and describe physicians who received their medical training in su... | Background Doctors migrate from developing countries to wealthier countries in order to further their careers, or improve their economic or social situation. The World Health Organization (WHO) has long recognized that migration of health personnel from developing to developed countries creates unfortunate imbalances i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544595.xml |
534099 | Comparison of frozen and RNALater solid tissue storage methods for use in RNA expression microarrays | Background Primary human tissues are an invaluable widely used tool for discovery of gene expression patterns which characterize disease states. Tissue processing methods remain unstandardized, leading to unanswered concerns of how to best store collected tissues and maintain reproducibility between laboratories. We su... | Background Many of the hopes for achieving clinical benefits of genomic medicine will hinge on the ability to develop an efficient specimen conduit from clinic to laboratory. Quantitative gene expression studies have created unprecedented tissue collection and handling challenges. In particular, the rapid degeneration ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534099.xml |
535344 | Bi-directional modulation of AMPA receptor unitary conductance by synaptic activity | Background Knowledge of how synapses alter their efficiency of communication is central to the understanding of learning and memory. The most extensively studied forms of synaptic plasticity are long-term potentiation (LTP) and its counterpart long-term depression (LTD) of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission. ... | Background Fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system, which is mediated predominantly by the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors, can undergo long-term bi-directional modifications in strength [ 1 - 3 ]. These persistent changes have been proposed to be key synaptic processes involved in learn... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535344.xml |
521494 | Open Access gains attention in scholar communication | null | Open Access is one of the attempts to maximize the exchange of information, and therefore benefits the scholar communication [ 1 ]. Molecular Cancer offers Open Access to all of its content, thereby providing a platform to present information to specialists and the public in order to further promote free exchange of id... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521494.xml |
522823 | Spatial dependency of Buruli ulcer prevalence on arsenic-enriched domains in Amansie West District, Ghana: implications for arsenic mediation in Mycobacterium ulcerans infection | Background In 1998, the World Health Organization recognized Buruli ulcer (BU), a human skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU), as the third most prevalent mycobacterial disease. In Ghana, there have been more than 2000 reported cases in the last ten years; outbreaks have occurred in at least 90 of its 110 ... | Background Buruli ulcer (BU) is a skin disease, which usually begins as a painless nodule or papule and may progress to massive skin ulceration. If untreated BU may lead to extensive soft tissue destruction, with inflammation extending to deep fascia. The parts of the body most affected are the extremities. Subsequent ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC522823.xml |
509318 | A Red-Blooded Transcription Factor | null | Every multicellular organism depends on the coordinated actions of a multitude of cell types, each designed to carry out specific jobs. In vertebrates, for example, the task of ferrying oxygen to organs, tissues, and cells throughout the body is shouldered by red blood cells. These cells must develop early in the embry... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509318.xml |
543577 | Thermodynamics of weight loss diets | Background It is commonly held that "a calorie is a calorie", i.e. that diets of equal caloric content will result in identical weight change independent of macronutrient composition, and appeal is frequently made to the laws of thermodynamics. We have previously shown that thermodynamics does not support such a view a... | Background Carbohydrate restriction as a general strategy for weight loss continues to gain in popularity and its utility and generally protective effect in lipid profile and glycemic control continues to be demonstrated, at least in an experimental setting [ 1 - 4 ]. The subject nonetheless remains controversial. Thos... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543577.xml |
535350 | Distinct gene expression profiles in different B-cell compartments in human peripheral lymphoid organs | Background There are three major B-cell compartments in peripheral lymphoid organs: the germinal center (GC), the mantle zone (MNZ) and the marginal zone (MGZ). Unique sets of B-cells reside in these compartments, and they have specific functional roles in humoral immune response. MNZ B cells are naïve cells in a quies... | Background Appropriate T- and B-cell migration and timely interaction with antigen presenting cells (APC) are essential for the development of humoral immune responses [ 1 , 2 ]. Specialized compartments within lymphoid tissues facilitate these interactions [ 3 ]. Distinct populations of B-cells reside in these microen... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535350.xml |
551615 | Familial hypercholesterolemia in St.-Petersburg: the known and novel mutations found in the low density lipoprotein receptor gene in Russia | Background Familial hypercholesterolemia is a human monogenic disease caused by population-specific mutations in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene. Despite thirteen different mutations of the LDL receptor gene were reported from Russia prior to 2003, the whole spectrum of disease-causing gene alterations ... | Background Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) (OMIM #143890) is one of the most common monogenic human diseases. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with the prevalence of the heterozygous form conventionally considered to be about 1 of 500 in most populations [ 1 ]. Elevated blood serum cholesterol is due t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551615.xml |
554779 | General practitioner attitudes to the care of people with epilepsy: an examination of clustering within practices and prediction of patient-rated quality of care | Background There is wide variation in the quality of care provided by primary care practices to individuals with chronic illnesses. Individual doctor attitudes and interest have been demonstrated to influence patient outcomes in some instances. Given the trend towards larger practices and part-time working, continuity ... | Background There is wide variation in the quality of care provided by primary care practices to individuals with chronic illnesses [ 1 ]. Individual doctor attitudes and interest have been demonstrated to influence patient outcomes in some instances [ 2 , 3 ] and it has been argued that specific attitudes are more pred... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554779.xml |
516238 | We still fail to account for Mendel's observations | Background The present article corrects common textbook accounts of Mendel's experiments by re-establishing what he wrote and how he accounted for his observations. It notes the long-established tests for the validity of any explanations that purport to explain observations obtained by experiment. Application of these ... | 1. Background We all talk, more or less knowingly, about Mendelian genetics. But four questions need to be asked and answered. 1. Do we understand Mendel's work? To judge from nearly all modern accounts of genetics, we do not. Mendel's paper of 1866 has been persistently misrepresented ever since it was rescued from ob... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516238.xml |
497040 | Integrated web service for improving alignment quality based on segments comparison | Background Defining blocks forming the global protein structure on the basis of local structural regularity is a very fruitful idea, extensively used in description, and prediction of structure from only sequence information. Over many years the secondary structure elements were used as available building blocks with g... | Background Protein structure is obviously modular, with similar structural segments, such as alpha helices and beta strands found in unrelated proteins. Such segments, identified from structure, are used extensively in description and analysis of protein structures [ 1 , 2 ]. Several groups have demonstrated that only ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC497040.xml |
520749 | Methylation profiles of thirty four promoter-CpG islands and concordant methylation behaviours of sixteen genes that may contribute to carcinogenesis of astrocytoma | Background Astrocytoma is a common aggressive intracranial tumor and presents a formidable challenge in the clinic. Association of altered DNA methylation patterns of the promoter CpG islands with the expression profile of cancer-related genes, has been found in many human tumors. Therefore, DNA methylation status as ... | Background Diffusely infiltrating astrocytoma is a leading group of the primary central nervous system tumors, accounting for more than 60% of all primary brain tumors [ 1 , 2 ]. It may arise aggressively from the normal astrocytes, or evolve stepwise from the less its benign precursors. Owing to the difficulties with ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520749.xml |
524507 | Classification between normal and tumor tissues based on the pair-wise gene expression ratio | Background Precise classification of cancer types is critically important for early cancer diagnosis and treatment. Numerous efforts have been made to use gene expression profiles to improve precision of tumor classification. However, reliable cancer-related signals are generally lacking. Method Using recent datasets o... | Background Tumor development is a process in which gene expression is modified, causing abnormal cell behaviour [ 1 ]. Many techniques have been developed to identify abnormalities of gene expression, as reflected by abundance of mRNA transcripts between normal and tumor. The completion of the Human Genome Project and ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524507.xml |
549072 | Remembering George L. Wied, M.D., February 7, 1921-July 25, 2004 | A personal tribute to George L. Wied, M.D., a founder of the medical subspecialty, cytopathology, who died July 25, 2004. | Tribute I arrived in Chicago last November for the ASC meeting, and reflexively reached for the phone to let Dr. Wied know that I had arrived, just as I had for each of countless trips to Chicago over the past 25 years. Then I remembered that he was no longer here, having passed away in Salzburg, Austria, on July 25th.... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549072.xml |
524249 | Representation of Attended Versus Remembered Locations in Prefrontal Cortex | A great deal of research on the prefrontal cortex (PF), especially in nonhuman primates, has focused on the theory that it functions predominantly in the maintenance of short-term memories, and neurophysiologists have often interpreted PF's delay-period activity in the context of this theory. Neuroimaging results, howe... | Introduction Jacobsen (1935 , 1936 ) first discovered that damage to the primate prefrontal cortex (PF) appeared to cause a short-term memory deficit. In his experiments, monkeys and chimpanzees with bilateral damage to PF failed to retrieve food from one of two opaque cups when the food had been out of sight for even ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524249.xml |
554989 | Automated migration analysis based on cell texture: method & reliability | Background In this paper, we present and validate a way to measure automatically the extent of cell migration based on automated examination of a series of digital photographs. It was designed specifically to identify the impact of Second Hand Smoke (SHS) on endothelial cell migration but has broader applications. The ... | Background The images we deal with are images of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells migrate to sites of injury in the body. They are involved in forming new blood vessels to help repair damaged areas [ 1 , 2 ]. In particular, we are interested in the effects of SHS on endothelial migration. By comparing automated mig... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554989.xml |
552334 | Anal screening cytology | This issue of CytoJournal contains an article on screening for anal intraepithelial neoplasia in high-risk male patients. This accompanying Editorial focuses on current understanding of this relatively new disease entity, with insights as to the potential role of screening cytopathology in the epidemiology, pathophysio... | Note For corresponding research article please see Arian et al, 2005 [ 15 ] The subject of anal screening cytology has entered the epidemiologic and cytopathologic literature as a topic of interest over the last decade, and is highlighted in this issue of CytoJournal in an article by Arain and colleagues. Until recentl... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552334.xml |
552308 | Quality of life in patients with personality disorders seen at an ordinary psychiatric outpatient clinic | Background Epidemiological studies have found reduced health-related quality of life (QoL) in patients with personality disorders (PDs), but few clinical studies have examined QoL in PDs, and none of them are from an ordinary psychiatric outpatient clinic (POC). We wanted to examine QoL in patients with PDs seen at a P... | Background According to the DSM-IV [ 1 ] personality disorders (PDs) are characterized by enduringly deviating patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts. Such patterns lead to "clinically significant distress or... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552308.xml |
553994 | Mutational study of sapovirus expression in insect cells | Human sapovirus (SaV), an agent of human gastroenteritis, cannot be grown in cell culture, but expression of the recombinant capsid protein (rVP1) in a baculovirus expression system results in the formation of virus-like particles (VLPs). In this study we compared the time-course expression of two different SaV rVP1 co... | Introduction The family Caliciviridae is made up of four genera, Sapovirus , Norovirus , Lagovirus , and Vesivirus , which contain sapovirus (SaV), norovirus (NoV), rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, and feline calicivirus strains, respectively. Human SaV and NoV strains are agents of gastroenteritis. The prototype stra... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC553994.xml |
551601 | Two-part permutation tests for DNA methylation and microarray data | Background One important application of microarray experiments is to identify differentially expressed genes. Often, small and negative expression levels were clipped-off to be equal to an arbitrarily chosen cutoff value before a statistical test is carried out. Then, there are two types of data: truncated values and o... | Background The addition of a methyl group at the carbon-5 position of cytosine is a modification of DNA called DNA methylation. In mammalian cells, DNA methylation is essential for proper development [ 1 ]. The methylation patterns of tumor cells are altered compared to those of normal cells, moreover, there are also d... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551601.xml |
545648 | Observed intra-cluster correlation coefficients in a cluster survey sample of patient encounters in general practice in Australia | Background Cluster sample study designs are cost effective, however cluster samples violate the simple random sample assumption of independence of observations. Failure to account for the intra-cluster correlation of observations when sampling through clusters may lead to an under-powered study. Researchers therefore n... | Background Cluster sample study designs are a cost-effective way of sampling difficult to reach populations. Examples include sampling schools to obtain cluster samples of students or medical practitioners to sample patients[ 1 ]. Cluster samples violate the simple random sample assumption of independence of observatio... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545648.xml |
553995 | Does angiotensin-1 converting enzyme genotype influence motor or cognitive development after pre-term birth? | Background Raised activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may both amplify inflammatory and free radical responses and decrease tissue metabolic efficiency and thus enhance cerebral injury in the preterm infant. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) DD genotype is associated with raised ACE and RAS activity as... | Background Delight over recent survival gains for the very premature infant has been tempered by the frequent presence of cerebral injury and developmental impairment. One quarter of those born before 26 weeks postmenstrual age (at least 11 weeks premature) show evidence of severe cerebral injury including cognitive dy... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC553995.xml |
553980 | The Arabidopsis Mei2 homologue AML1 binds AtRaptor1B, the plant homologue of a major regulator of eukaryotic cell growth | Background TOR, the t arget o f the antibiotic r apamycin in both yeast and mammalian cells, is a potent cell growth regulator in all eukaryotes. It acts through the phosphorylation of downstream effectors that are recruited to it by the binding partner Raptor. In Arabidopsis, Raptor activity is essential for postembry... | Background TOR, the t arget o f the antibiotic r apamycin in both yeast and mammalian cells, is a major regulator of cell growth and translation [ 1 ]. TOR is a large (over 2,400 residues) protein kinase [ 2 ] present in all eukaryotes analyzed. It is thought to act in a nutrient-sensitive complex TORC1 with Raptor ( r... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC553980.xml |
544543 | Unexpressed but Indispensable—The DNA Sequences That Control Development | null | Amidst the hoopla over the exact number of genes we have in our genome—more than a fruitfly, fewer than a rice plant—a more fundamental genetic truth has often been obscured. The expression of 20,000–30,000 genes is under the control of an uncounted host of non-coding sequences, which bind transcription factors and the... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544543.xml |
552335 | Advances in wearable technology and applications in physical medicine and rehabilitation | The development of miniature sensors that can be unobtrusively attached to the body or can be part of clothing items, such as sensing elements embedded in the fabric of garments, have opened countless possibilities of monitoring patients in the field over extended periods of time. This is of particular relevance to the... | The potential impact of wearable technology on physical medicine and rehabilitation Understanding the impact of clinical interventions on the real life of individuals is an essential component of physical medicine and rehabilitation. While assessments performed in the clinical setting have value, it is difficult to per... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552335.xml |
544542 | Neuronal Encoding of Texture in the Whisker Sensory Pathway | A major challenge of sensory systems neuroscience is to quantify brain activity underlying perceptual experiences and to explain this activity as the outcome of elemental neuronal response properties. Rats make extremely fine discriminations of texture by “whisking” their vibrissae across an object's surface, yet the n... | Introduction One goal of sensory systems neuroscience is to understand how the representations of complex, natural stimuli arise from the basic response properties of neurons. The present experiments explore the representation of textures in the rat somatosensory system. Rats have texture discrimination capacities riva... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544542.xml |
552321 | Malaria and urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa | There are already 40 cities in Africa with over 1 million inhabitants and the United Nations Environmental Programme estimates that by 2025 over 800 million people will live in urban areas. Recognizing that malaria control can improve the health of the vulnerable and remove a major obstacle to their economic developmen... | Introduction Africa's population will almost triple by the year 2050. This expansion will occur primarily in urban areas and by 2025, 800 million people will live in urban communities. Especially affected will be West Africa, where the urban population annual growth rate of 6.3% is more than twice the rate of the total... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552321.xml |
544557 | Identification of α-type subunits of the Xenopus 20S proteasome and analysis of their changes during the meiotic cell cycle | Background The 26S proteasome is the proteolytic machinery of the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system responsible for most of the regulated intracellular protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. Previously, we demonstrated meiotic cell cycle dependent phosphorylation of α4 subunit of the 26S proteasome. In this stud... | Background Eukaryotic cells, from yeast to human, contain large nonlysosomal proteases called proteasomes [ 1 ]. The 26S proteasome is part of the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system, which regulates proteins through a mechanism of selective degradation [ 2 - 4 ]. The 26S proteasome is composed of a 20S proteasome a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544557.xml |
544556 | The effect of short-duration sub-maximal cycling on balance in single-limb stance in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury: a cross-sectional study | Background It has previously been shown that an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury may lead to impaired postural control, and that the ability to maintain postural control is decreased by fatigue in healthy subjects. To our knowledge, no studies have reported the effect of fatigue on postural control in subjects w... | Background The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured ligament in the knee. The risk of future joint problems, in the form of functional limitations, secondary lesions, and arthrosis, is increased following such an injury. Secondary effects commonly seen after an ACL injury include defective neur... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544556.xml |
549066 | Wound healing and inflammation genes revealed by array analysis of 'macrophageless' PU.1 null mice | To define the events in wound healing that are independent of inflammation, gene expression during wound healing was profiled in wild-type mice and PU.1 null mice, which cannot raise the standard inflammatory response but which can repair skin wounds rapidly. | Background Much is known about the sequence of cell and tissue behavior that leads to repair of a mammalian skin wound [ 1 , 2 ] but we still have a rather incomplete knowledge of the portfolio of genes that drives these events. From late fetal stages onwards, tissue repair is always accompanied by a robust inflammator... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549066.xml |
552320 | Cancer/testis antigens and gametogenesis: a review and "brain-storming" session | Genes expressed both in normal testis and in malignancies (Cancer/ Testis associated genes – CTA) have become the most extensively studied antigen group in the field of tumour immunology. Despite this, many fundamentally important questions remain unanswered: what is the connection between germ-cell specific genes and ... | Introduction Cancer/Testis (CT) antigens are a group of tumour antigens with gene expression restricted to male germ cells in the testis and to various malignancies. Their function in tumours is enigmatic and a common between testis genes (gametogenesis) and cancer remains elusive. When the causal link is not evident, ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552320.xml |
549067 | Full-length cDNAs from chicken bursal lymphocytes to facilitate gene function analysis | This article reports a cDNA collection representing more than 2000 new, full-length transcripts from a high-quality cDNA library. | Background Large-scale genomic and cDNA sequencing projects have revealed thousands of new genes whose open reading frames (ORFs) are highly conserved during vertebrate evolution, but whose precise cellular functions remain unclear. Although functional analysis by gene disruption is possible after transfection of murin... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549067.xml |
497041 | Assessing harmful effects in systematic Reviews | Background Balanced decisions about health care interventions require reliable evidence on harms as well as benefits. Most systematic reviews focus on efficacy and randomised trials, for which the methodology is well established. Methods to systematically review harmful effects are less well developed and there are few... | Background Systematic reviews are important tools for evidence-based health care. They are certainly one of the reasons for the progress that has been made in obtaining reliable evidence on the beneficial effects of interventions. A recent study of the medical literature, using Medline and the Cochrane Library, showed ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC497041.xml |
551600 | A note on generalized Genome Scan Meta-Analysis statistics | Background Wise et al. introduced a rank-based statistical technique for meta-analysis of genome scans, the Genome Scan Meta-Analysis (GSMA) method. Levinson et al. recently described two generalizations of the GSMA statistic: (i) a weighted version of the GSMA statistic, so that different studies could be ascribed dif... | Background Wise, Lanchbury and Lewis [ 1 ] introduced a rank-based statistical technique for meta-analysis of genome scans, the Genome Scan Meta-Analysis (GSMA) method, and derived its exact null distribution using a clever inclusion/exclusion argument. Koziol and Feng [ 2 ] provided an alternative derivation of the nu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551600.xml |
554988 | Admission to hospital following head injury in England: Incidence and socio-economic associations | Background Head injury in England is common. Evidence suggests that socio-economic factors may cause variation in incidence, and this variation may affect planning for services to meet the needs of those who have sustained a head injury. Methods Socio-economic data were obtained from the UK Office for National Statisti... | Background It has been estimated that 6.6% of those attending A&E in any given year have a head injury [ 1 ] and over 100,000 people are admitted as a consequence [ 2 ]. This incidence of admission to hospital following a head injury is known to vary considerably from locality to locality [ 3 ]. Although some technical... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554988.xml |
553981 | Evaluating the role of quality assessment of primary studies in systematic reviews of cancer practice guidelines | Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of study quality assessment of primary studies in cancer practice guidelines. Methods Reliable and valid study quality assessment scales were sought and applied to published reports of trials included in systematic reviews of cancer guidelines. Sensitivity a... | Background Quality assessment of trials included in systematic reviews of evidence is a resource intensive and scientifically controversial endeavour. On the one hand, the routine use of quality assessment in the development of systematic reviews is encouraged by the Evidence-based Practice Center Program of the Agency... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC553981.xml |
509319 | How the Brain Retrieves Forgotten Memories | null | In the 2002 thriller Memento , the protagonist, Lenny, is plagued by a crippling neurological disorder that renders him incapable of storing memories for longer than fifteen minutes. He wants nothing more than to avenge the murder of his wife, but as another character in the film tells him, “Even if you get revenge, yo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509319.xml |
549073 | Extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its dose-response relation to respiratory health among adults | Background There is a dearth of standardized studies examining exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its relationship to respiratory health among adults in developing countries. Methods In 2004, the Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies (SCTS) conducted a population-based survey using stratified cluster samplin... | Introduction The deleterious effects of exposure to ETS on the respiratory system of adults and children is well documented [ 1 - 4 ]. Exposure to ETS not only influences respiratory health among those affected but also leads to increased health care utilization and costs because of respiratory problems [ 5 , 6 ]. For ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549073.xml |
539231 | A two-way interface between limited Systems Biology Markup Language and R | Background Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) is gaining broad usage as a standard for representing dynamical systems as data structures. The open source statistical programming environment R is widely used by biostatisticians involved in microarray analyses. An interface between SBML and R does not exist, though o... | Background Systems biology markup language (SBML) is a standard for representing dynamical systems of biological interest [ 1 , 2 ]. Interfaces between SBML and high level computational environments are currently being developed for Mathematica [ 3 ] and Matlab [ 4 ], but to the author's knowledge, no such efforts are ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539231.xml |
524260 | Taking Stock of Biodiversity to Stem Its Rapid Decline | null | Far more species exist in the fossil record than inhabit Earth today. An estimated 94% of all bird species that ever lived, for example, are now extinct. So why is species extinction of urgent concern today? Though species come and go over evolutionary time, mass extinctions are relatively rare. Biologists believe they... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524260.xml |
450293 | Correction: Integrative Annotation of 21,037 Human Genes Validated by Full-Length cDNA Clones | null | In PLoS Biology , volume 2, issue 6: Integrative Annotation of 21,037 Human Genes Validated by Full-Length cDNA Clones Tadashi Imanishi, Takeshi Itoh, Yutaka Suzuki, Claire O'Donovan, Satoshi Fukuchi, et al. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020162 1. The abbreviation FLJ was expanded incorrectly (as full-length long Japan) i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC450293.xml |
543576 | Alterations in the expression of DEAD-box and other RNA binding proteins during HIV-1 replication | Recent results showed that certain DEAD box protein RNA helicases, DDX3 and DDX1, play an important role in the HIV infection cycle by facilitating the export of long, singly spliced or unspliced HIV RNAs from the nucleus via the CRM1-Rev pathway. Close examination of an extensive microarray expression profiling datase... | Findings The DEAD box proteins, a family of RNA helicases containing the conserved amino acid motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (D-E-A-D in the single letter amino acid code), play an essential role in many aspects of cellular RNA metabolism (reviewed in [ 1 , 2 ]), including RNA transport, transcription, spliceosome function, rib... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543576.xml |
552309 | Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on sputum cell counts in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and a meta-analysis | Background Whether inhaled corticosteroids suppress airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains controversial. We sought to determine the effects of inhaled corticosteroids on sputum indices of inflammation in stable COPD. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Dat... | Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by prominent airway inflammation [ 1 , 2 ]. The intensity of the inflammation strongly correlates with disease severity [ 3 , 4 ] and increases even further during exacerbations [ 5 ]. Moreover, increased expression of inflammatory markers in the ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552309.xml |
551614 | An in vitro evaluation of standard rotational thromboelastography in monitoring of effects of recombinant factor VIIa on coagulopathy induced by hydroxy ethyl starch | Background Rotational thromboelastography (ROTEG) has been proposed as a monitoring tool that can be used to monitor treatment of hemophilia with recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa). In these studies special non-standard reagents were used as activators of the coagulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate if standard... | Background Patients undergoing massive hemorrhage experience dilutional coagulopathy with crystalloid and/or colloid resuscitation. If hemorrhage progresses, packed red cells (RBC) are transfused together with crystalloids and/or colloids. Regarding the coagulation this is not optimal, and the patients often develop a ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551614.xml |
521495 | Ability to perform activities of daily living is the main factor affecting quality of life in patients with dementia | Background Dementia is a chronic illness associated with a progressive loss of cognitive and intellectual abilities, such as memory, judgment and abstract thinking. The objective of this study was to assess the health utilities of patients with dementia in Europe and identify the key factors influencing their Health-Re... | Background Dementia is a chronic illness associated with a progressive loss of cognitive and intellectual abilities, such as memory, judgment and abstract thinking. Cognitive disabilities are those that impact an individual's ability to access, process, or remember information. People with profound cognitive disability... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521495.xml |
522822 | Effect of time of administration on cholesterol-lowering by psyllium: a randomized cross-over study in normocholesterolemic or slightly hypercholesterolemic subjects | Background Reports of the use of psyllium, largely in hypercholesterolemic men, have suggested that it lowers serum cholesterol as a result of the binding of bile acids in the intestinal lumen. Widespread advertisements have claimed an association between the use of soluble fibre from psyllium seed husk and a reduced r... | Background A cholesterol lowering effect has been reported for a variety of soluble dietary fibres [ 1 - 5 ]. In February, 1998, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized the use, on food labels and food labelling, of health claims on the association between soluble fibre from psyllium seed husk and a reduced ri... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC522822.xml |
524506 | Moderate exercise may attenuate some aspects of immunosenescence | Background Immunosenescence is related to the deterioration of many immune functions, which may be manifested in increased susceptibility to infection, cancer, and autoimmunity. Lifestyle factors, such as diet or physical activity, may influence the senescence of the immune system. It is widely accepted that moderate p... | Background The decline in immune function associated with ageing increases the risk for infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders and tumors occurrence. The scientific interest of many laboratories is focused on the ageing of the immune system and on agents, which may retardate this process. The most frequently mention... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524506.xml |
524512 | On modeling locus heterogeneity using mixture distributions | Background Locus heterogeneity poses a major difficulty in mapping genes that influence complex genetic traits. A widely used approach to deal with this problem involves modeling linkage data in terms of finite mixture distributions. In its simplest setup, also known as the admixture approach, a single parameter is use... | Background Mapping disease genes influencing complex genetic traits is far more difficult than mapping genes underlying Mendelian traits. One of the difficulties is due to locus heterogeneity, in which the disease in different families (or in different individuals within a family) is caused by different loci or non-her... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524512.xml |
546397 | Knowledge discovery in databases of biomechanical variables: application to the sit to stand motor task | Background The interpretation of data obtained in a movement analysis laboratory is a crucial issue in clinical contexts. Collection of such data in large databases might encourage the use of modern techniques of data mining to discover additional knowledge with automated methods. In order to maximise the size of the d... | Background In the last decade quantitative movement analysis has been increasingly used in clinical contexts [ 1 ]. This analysis makes use of fairly complex instrumentation and of models of the musculo-skeletal system. It provides a great amount of information, such as space and time characteristics of the motor task ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546397.xml |
535351 | Functional interdependence between septin and actin cytoskeleton | Background Septin2 is a member of a highly conserved GTPase family found in fungi and animals. Septins have been implicated in a diversity of cellular processes including cytokinesis, formation of diffusion barriers and vesicle trafficking. Septin2 partially co-localises with actin bundles in mammalian interphase cells... | Background Septins are a conserved family of GTPases implicated in various cellular processes. Septin-requiring processes include cytokinesis, polarity establishment, cell cycle checkpoints and formation of a diffusion barrier in yeast [ 1 ], as well as cytokinesis, vesicle trafficking and exocytosis in mammalian cells... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535351.xml |
534098 | PhyME: A probabilistic algorithm for finding motifs in sets of orthologous sequences | Background This paper addresses the problem of discovering transcription factor binding sites in heterogeneous sequence data, which includes regulatory sequences of one or more genes, as well as their orthologs in other species. Results We propose an algorithm that integrates two important aspects of a motif's signific... | Background The discovery of novel transcription factor binding sites in regulatory sequences of genes has been an important scientific challenge for some years now. Computational approaches to this problem have come in two flavors. One class of methods looks for overrepresented motifs in sequences that are believed to ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534098.xml |
544594 | Retinol improves bovine embryonic development in vitro | Retinoids are recognized as important regulators of vertebrate development, cell differentiation, and tissue function. Previous studies, performed both in vivo and in vitro, indicate that retinoids influence several reproductive events, including follicular development, oocyte maturation and early embryonic development... | Background Vitamin A is essential for reproduction, and deficiencies and excesses may result in embryonic loss and/or congenital defects [ 1 ]. Retinol (vitamin A alcohol) is the parent vitamin A compound and metabolites, analogs, and derivatives are known collectively as retinoids. Results from several studies, in a v... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544594.xml |
554977 | Interrupted or continuous slowly absorbable sutures – Design of a multi-centre randomised trial to evaluate abdominal closure techniques INSECT-Trial [ISRCTN24023541] | Background The closure of the abdomen after median laparotomy is still a matter of debate among surgeons. Further well designed and performed randomised controlled trials determining the optimal method of abdominal fascial closure are needed. Design This is a three armed, multi-centre, intra-operatively randomised, con... | Background Median laparotomy is the most common technique of abdominal incisions because it is simple, provides adequate exposure to all four quadrants, is rapid to open and usually bloodsparing [ 1 ]. A major problem after median laparotomy remains the adequate technique of abdominal fascia closure. In prospective stu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554977.xml |
554787 | The relationships between depression and other outcomes of chronic illness caregiving | Background Many caregivers with chronically ill relatives suffer from depression. However, the relationship of depression to other outcomes of chronic caregiving remains unclear. This study tested a hypothesized model which proposed that hours of care, stressful life events, social support, age and gender would predict... | Background It is estimated that 31–55% of caregivers of chronically ill elderly relatives experience depression [ 1 ], and depression is likely to be one of the first [ 2 ] and most enduring psychological outcomes for caregivers [ 3 , 4 ]. Caregivers' depression scores have been found to be substantially higher than th... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554787.xml |
554778 | The Sinbad retrotransposon from the genome of the human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni, and the distribution of related Pao-like elements | Background Of the major families of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, the Pao / BEL family is probably the least well studied. It is becoming apparent that numerous LTR retrotransposons and other mobile genetic elements have colonized the genome of the human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni . Results A provi... | Background Schistosoma mansoni , the African blood fluke and etiological agent of intestinal schistosomiasis, is endemic in numerous countries in Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean and northeastern South America. The life cycle of S. mansoni involves parasitism of both humans and aquatic snails of the genus Biompha... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554778.xml |
544580 | Neuroblastoma and pre-B lymphoma cells share expression of key transcription factors but display tissue restricted target gene expression | Background Transcription factors are frequently involved in the process of cellular transformation, and many malignancies are characterized by a distinct genetic event affecting a specific transcription factor. This probably reflects a tissue specific ability of transcription factors to contribute to the generation of ... | Background The complex process of tumor development often involves changes in the transcription regulatory networks. In human cancer, genetic changes involving the transcription factor p53 gene is particularly common and the gene is found mutated in cancers originating from numerous cell types. This factor is, however,... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544580.xml |
520748 | The FK506 binding protein 13 kDa (FKBP13) interacts with the C-chain of complement C1q | Background The pharmacological action of specific immunosuppressants is mediated by immunophilins. While cyclosporin A binds to cyclophilins, FK506/tacrolimus, rapamycin, and others bind to FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs). Different physiological actions of immunophilins were described but their genuine function, howeve... | Background The pharmacological action of cyclosporin A and FK506/tacrolimus is mediated by cytosolic immunophilins namely cyclophilin A and the FK506 binding protein 12 kDa (FKBP12). The drug immunophilin complex binds to and inhibits the protein phosphatase calcineurin thus preventing signal transduction in activated ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520748.xml |
514604 | 3 dimensional modelling of early human brain development using optical projection tomography | Background As development proceeds the human embryo attains an ever more complex three dimensional (3D) structure. Analyzing the gene expression patterns that underlie these changes and interpreting their significance depends on identifying the anatomical structures to which they map and following these patterns in dev... | Background Brain development, particularly in human, involves complex changes in shape and structure over time. During a period of approximately 4 weeks (from 26 to 56 days of development; Carnegie stages CS12 to CS23) the major subregions of the human brain are established and development proceeds from a simple neuroe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514604.xml |
549517 | LDL receptor expression on T lymphocytes in old patients with Down syndrome | Background In Down syndrome patients several metabolic abnormalities have been reported, some involving the lipid metabolism. The level of LDL in plasma is the major determinant of the risk of vascular disease. There appear to be no studies on the LDL receptor in Down syndrome patients. Methods Flow cytometric methods ... | Introduction Several studies have discussed the psychological and intellectual problems, immunological deficiencies, and early aging of Down syndrome (DS) patients. Several metabolic abnormalities have been reported, some involving the lipid metabolism [ 1 ]. Apart from some contradictory studies in the past, there are... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549517.xml |
524248 | Perception, Action, and Roelofs Effect: A Mere Illusion of Dissociation | A prominent and influential hypothesis of vision suggests the existence of two separate visual systems within the brain, one creating our perception of the world and another guiding our actions within it. The induced Roelofs effect has been described as providing strong evidence for this perception/action dissociation:... | Introduction Several anatomical, neurophysiological, clinical, and behavioral investigations of human subjects and nonhuman primates have provided evidence for two separate and dissociable cortical systems for visual processing. One of these systems—the ventral stream—resides in a swath of cortex that extends in an ant... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524248.xml |
535345 | "Tied together like a woven hat:" Protective pathways to Alaska native sobriety | Background The People Awakening Project (1RO1 AA 11446-03) had two purposes, completed in Phase I and Phase II of the project. The purpose of Phase I was to complete a qualitative study; the research objective was discovery oriented with the specific aim of identification of protective and recovery factors in Alaska Na... | Background Many American Indian and Alaska Native people experience problems with alcohol abuse that lead to social, psychological, and physical problems [ 1 - 3 ]. Unfortunately, little is known about American Indian or Alaska Native people who live sober and healthy lives. This paper presents initial findings from th... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535345.xml |
521683 | No major association between TGFBR1*6A and prostate cancer | Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. There is strong genetic evidence indicating that a large proportion of prostate cancers are caused by heritable factors but the search for prostate cancer susceptibility genes has thus far remained elusive. TGFB... | Background Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-ß) is one of the most potent inhibitor of cell growth [ 1 ]. Almost all cancer cells loose the ability to be growth inhibited by TGF-ß, which makes loss of TGF-ß growth inhibition a hallmark of cancer development [ 2 ]. TGFBR1 *6A is a common variant of the type I TGF-ß r... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521683.xml |
314477 | RNAi Therapeutics: How Likely, How Soon? | RNA interference (RNAi) is used in the lab to silence virtually any gene. Previously, antisense and ribozymes were successful in the lab, but have been disappointing in the clinic. Will RNAi succeed where these two have not? | RNA interference (RNAi) has been called “one of the most has exciting discoveries in biology in the last couple decades,” and since it was first recognized by Andrew Fire et al. in 1998, it has quickly become one of the most powerful and indispensable tools in the molecular biologist's toolkit. Using short double-stran... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC314477.xml |
439782 | Synaptotagmin VII Restricts Fusion Pore Expansion during Lysosomal Exocytosis | Synaptotagmin is considered a calcium-dependent trigger for regulated exocytosis. We examined the role of synaptotagmin VII (Syt VII) in the calcium-dependent exocytosis of individual lysosomes in wild-type ( WT ) and Syt VII knockout ( KO ) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) using total internal reflection fluorescenc... | Introduction Exocytosis allows cells to transport membrane-impermeable macromolecules outside without compromising the integrity of the plasma membrane. The proteins that form the conserved machinery for constitutive and regulated exocytosis have been identified ( Sollner and Rothman 1996 ), and calcium has been identi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC439782.xml |
535806 | Treatment decision-making and the form of risk communication: results of a factorial survey | Background Prospective users of preventive therapies often must evaluate complex information about therapeutic risks and benefits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of relative and absolute risk information on patient decision-making in scenarios typical of health information for patients. Methods Fa... | Background In contemporary U.S. society, prospective users of preventive therapies often must evaluate complex information about therapeutic risks and benefits. While health information is increasingly available, it is frequently incomplete and sometimes inaccurate [ 1 , 2 ]. For people to be active participants in hea... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535806.xml |
516775 | Cloning and expression analysis of cDNAs corresponding to genes activated in cucumber showing systemic acquired resistance after BTH treatment | Background Infection of plants by necrotizing pathogens can lead to the rapid and localized induction of a complex set of defense responses resulting in a restriction of pathogen growth and spread. Subsequently, an increase of plant resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens is observed systemically. This plant i... | Background Infection of plants by necrotizing pathogens can lead to the induction of a complex set of defense responses resulting in a restriction of pathogen growth and spread. The infected leaves develop a hypersensitive response (HR), i.e., rapid, localized cell death occurring at the sites of pathogen entry [ 1 ]. ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516775.xml |
546195 | Gene expression profiling of tumours derived from rasV12/E1A-transformed mouse embryonic fibroblasts to identify genes required for tumour development | Background In cancer, cellular transformation is followed by tumour development. Knowledge on the mechanisms of transformation, involving activation of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of tumour-suppressor genes has considerably improved whereas tumour development remains poorly understood. An interesting way of gainin... | Background Cellular transformation is a complex process which involves activation of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of tumour-suppressor genes [ 1 ]. After transformation, the cells can generate malignant tumours, by mechanisms only partly understood yet. It is supposed that some modifications in the pattern of gene ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546195.xml |
545488 | General practitioners' attitudes towards research in primary care: qualitative results of a cross sectional study | Background Research in General Practice requires the participation of General practitioners (GPs). In Germany there is little tradition of research in this field, and GPs are not used to be participants in research. Little is known about German GPs attitudes towards research. Therefore the aim of our study was to asses... | Background Compared to other European countries, Germany still has little of a research tradition in general practice. Increasingly policy-makers have realized that the continuity and the efficacy of the healthcare system have to be improved. For this a well-developed primary medical care system is needed. In recent ye... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545488.xml |
535812 | Adoptive immunotherapy of cancer with polyclonal, 108-fold hyperexpanded, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy is dose dependent and optimally requires participation of antigen-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. Here, we isolated tumor-sensitized T cells and activated them in vitro using conditions that led to greater than 10 8 -fold numerical hyperexpansion of either the CD4 + or CD8 + subse... | Introduction Cancer immunotherapy, using T lymphocytes that recognize tumor-specific antigens, holds great promise. Advantageous features include: exquisite specificity for targeted antigens, thereby sparing normal tissues, and the ability of effector T cells to traffic to tumor in all anatomic locations. Although most... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535812.xml |
514610 | Frequency of cancer in children residing in Mexico City and treated in the hospitals of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (1996–2001) | Background The objective of this article is to present the frequency of cancer in Mexican children who were treated in the hospitals of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social in Mexico City (IMSS-MC) in the period 1996–2001. Methods The Registry of Cancer in Children, started in 1996 in the IMSS-MC, is an on-going, p... | Background The frequency of malignant neoplasms in children has been found to vary among countries. For example, in children in Canada, the United States, and Europe, the three most common cancers are leukemias, tumors of the central nervous system (CNST), and lymphomas [ 1 - 3 ], whereas in children in Latin America, ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514610.xml |
521697 | Nutritional care of Danish medical inpatients: Effect on dietary intake and the occupational groups' perspectives of intervention | Background Many patients do not eat and drink sufficiently during hospitalisation. The clinical consequences of this under nutrition include lassitude, an increased risk of complications and prolonged convalescence. The aim of the study was 1) to introduce intervention targeting nutritional care for medical inpatients,... | Background Many patients do not eat and drink sufficiently during hospitalisation. Thus, 30–50% of the elderly patients are undernourished [ 1 , 2 ] and most of these patients' protein and energy requirements are not met [ 3 , 4 ]. Their muscular tissue, including their heart and respiratory muscles, is adversely affec... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521697.xml |
406406 | Random Processes Underlie Most Evolutionary Changes in Gene Expression | xx | Are evolutionary changes in gene expression determined mostly by natural selection or by random forces? It's been some 150 years since Charles Darwin proposed that organisms adapt to their environment through the process of natural selection, yet the debate still rages, particularly at the molecular level. Darwinian se... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC406406.xml |
544966 | Cerebrospinal Fluid Research: A new platform for dissemination of research, opinions and reviews with a common theme | Cerebrospinal Fluid Research aims to provide a specialist platform for high quality articles on all aspects of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), bringing together experts working in the field and promoting synthesis and dialogue. This, launch Editorial provides an overview of the field, some history, and highlights some o... | Cerebrospinal Fluid Research is an open access, online journal that publishes manuscripts on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in health and disease in the broadest sense. The CSF, its composition, circulation and absorption play vital roles in normal and abnormal brain function. The fluid within the CSF system is important fo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544966.xml |
550654 | Bilateral recurrent discloation of the patella associated with below knee amputation: A case report | Background Recurrent dislocation of the patella in patients with below knee amputation is a known entity. Abnormally high-riding patella (patella alta) and medial patellofemoral ligament insufficiency in these patients predisposes them to patellar instability. The established treatment of this problem is surgical reali... | Background Recurrent dislocation of the patella can follow a violent initial dislocation, but occur more often in knees with one or more underlying anatomic abnormalities that predispose the patella to dislocation or subluxation. In these knees, less trauma is needed for dislocation to occur. The underlying pathologic ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC550654.xml |
548147 | Climate change and recent genetic flux in populations of Drosophila robusta | Background Studied since the early 1940's, chromosomal polymorphisms in the deciduous woods species Drosophila robusta have been characterized by well-defined latitudinal, longitudinal, and elevational clines, but – until at least ten years ago – stable, local population frequencies. Recent biogeographical analyses ind... | Background In recent years, numerous publications – over 50 pages of them in current listings of the bibliographic search engine Medline – have detailed changes in biological systems and organisms that appear associated with the climatic changes commonly referred to as global warming (e.g., [ 1 - 5 ], dealing with obse... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548147.xml |
515308 | Perception and beliefs about mental illness among adults in Karfi village, northern Nigeria | Background This study was designed to examine the knowledge, attitude and beliefs about causes, manifestations and treatment of mental illness among adults in a rural community in northern Nigeria. Methods A cross sectional study design was used. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 250 adult... | Background Throughout the world, there is an increasing awareness of mental illness as a significant cause of morbidity [ 1 ]. This awareness has increased with the steady decline of morbidity due to nutritional disorders, communicable diseases and other forms of physical illness, especially in countries undergoing epi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515308.xml |
529432 | Resistin Response to Inflammation | null | Obesity, in particular visceral adiposity, is positively correlated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Although the link is well established in humans and in rodent models, the mechanisms involved in obesity-related insulin resistance are not clear. One possibility is that hormones secreted by adipocytes comp... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529432.xml |
550668 | Initiation to heroin injecting among heroin users in Sydney, Australia: cross sectional survey | Background Heroin injection is associated with health and social problems including hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission. Few studies have examined the circumstances surrounding initiation to heroin injecting, especially current users initiating others. The current study aimed to examine the age of first heroin use and... | Background Heroin is one of the most commonly injected illicit substances worldwide [ 1 , 2 ]. Heroin injection is associated with a range of harms including poor health [ 3 , 4 ], poor psychosocial functioning [ 5 ] and increased risk of fatal and non-fatal heroin overdose [ 6 , 7 ]. Heroin injection is also a signifi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC550668.xml |
517494 | Mutations in the IGF-II pathway that confer resistance to lytic reovirus infection | Background Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and rely upon the host cell for different steps in their life cycles. The characterization of cellular genes required for virus infection and/or cell killing will be essential for understanding viral life cycles, and may provide cellular targets for new antiviral ... | Background Viruses as obligate intracellular parasites rely upon the host cell for different steps in their life cycle, including attachment, disassembly, transcription, translation, reassembly, and egress. Consequently, characterization of these cellular processes will be essential for any understanding of viral life ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517494.xml |
515297 | Genetic structure of four socio-culturally diversified caste populations of southwest India and their affinity with related Indian and global groups | Background A large number of microsatellites have been extensively used to comprehend the genetic diversity of different global groups. This paper entails polymorphism at 15 STR in four predominant and endogamous populations representing Karnataka, located on the southwest coast of India. The populations residing in th... | Background The Indian subcontinent is regarded as a natural genetic laboratory, owing to the co-existence and interaction of socio-culturally, linguistically, ethnically and genetically diversified endogamous populations in a geographical terrain. It is believed that the earliest humans leaving Africa for Eurasia might... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515297.xml |
555738 | Role of axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with pure ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast | Background Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is an effective tool for axillary staging in patients with invasive breast cancer. This procedure has been recently proposed as part of the treatment for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), because cases of undetected invasive foci and nodal metastases occasionally... | Background Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is defined as the proliferation of malignant epithelial cells in the mammary ductal system, with no evidence of invasion of the basement membrane. By definition, the disease is localized to the breast, with no spread to regional nodes or distant sites. In the pre-mammography e... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555738.xml |
503387 | A protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) activating peptide, tc-LIGRLO-NH2, induces protease release from mast cells: role in TNF degradation | Background Mast cell (MC)-derived serine proteases have been implicated in a variety of inflammatory processes. We have previously shown that rat peritoneal MC (PMC) express mRNA for protease activated receptor 2 (PAR-2), a G-coupled receptor activated by trypsin-like proteases. Recent evidence also suggests that MC-in... | Background Protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) has been identified on a variety of cell types including eosinophils [ 1 ], neutrophils [ 2 ], neurons and smooth muscle cells [ 3 ]. It can be activated by a variety of serine proteases including MC tryptase [ 4 ], pancreatic trypsin [ 5 ], and coagulation factors [ 6 ]... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC503387.xml |
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