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521734 | Correction: Nicotine's Defensive Function in Nature | July correction | In PLoS Biology , volume 2, issue 8 Nicotine's Defensive Function in Nature Anke Steppuhn, Klaus Gase, Bernd Krock, Rayko Halitschke, Ian T. Baldwin DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020217 The Academic Editor was erroneously listed as Michael Levine. The Academic Editor for this paper is Joy Bergelson, Chicago University. Th... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521734.xml |
529426 | A National Health Insurance Program for the United States | The US will spend $1.79 trillion on health care in 2004, yet 44 million Americans remain uninsured. What the country needs, argues McCanne, is publicly funded universal health coverage | The total projected spending on health care in the United States for 2004 is $1.79 trillion—15.5% of its gross domestic product [ 1 ]. That amounts to $6,167 per person, almost twice what most nations with comprehensive systems spend on care. Most policy analysts agree that this level of spending should be more than en... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529426.xml |
314463 | Dorsoventral Patterning of the Mouse Coat by Tbx15 | Many members of the animal kingdom display coat or skin color differences along their dorsoventral axis. To determine the mechanisms that control regional differences in pigmentation, we have studied how a classical mouse mutation, droopy ear ( de H ), affects dorsoventral skin characteristics, especially those under c... | Introduction A fundamental question in developmental biology is how adjacent regions of the vertebrate body acquire differences in their appearance or morphology. Mechanisms that establish the general body plan make use of a relatively small number of signaling pathways shared among all animals (reviewed in Pires-daSil... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC314463.xml |
544190 | Method for determination of (-102C>T) single nucleotide polymorphism in the human manganese superoxide dismutase promoter | Background Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) plays a critical role in the detoxification of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species constituting a major cellular defense mechanism against agents that induce oxidative stress. The MnSOD promoter contains an activator protein-2 (AP-2) binding site that modifies transcr... | Background Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) protect cells from oxidative stress. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the etiology of a diversity of human diseases, including cancer[ 1 ], aging[ 2 ], atherosclerosis[ 3 ] and neurodegenerative diseases[ 4 , 5 ]. Supero... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544190.xml |
521085 | RNA-binding proteins to assess gene expression states of co-cultivated cells in response to tumor cells | Background Tumors and complex tissues consist of mixtures of communicating cells that differ significantly in their gene expression status. In order to understand how different cell types influence one another's gene expression, it will be necessary to monitor the mRNA profiles of each cell type independently and to di... | Background Many recent studies have described the use of microarrays to identify genes expressed in different types of cancers (reviewed in [ 1 , 2 ]. Most of these transcriptomic studies monitor the steady state levels of expressed mRNAs in order to derive the "molecular signatures" of tumors [ 2 ]. However, the gene ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521085.xml |
503393 | Bereavement care interventions: a systematic review | Background Despite abundant bereavement care options, consensus is lacking regarding optimal care for bereaved persons. Methods We conducted a systematic review, searching MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, EBMR, and other databases using the terms (bereaved or bereavement) and (grief) combined with (intervention or support o... | Background Give sorrow words; the grief that does not speak Whispers the o'er fraught heart and bids it break. Shakespeare, Macbeth IV, iii, 209 Grieving the death of a loved one has an ancient history: from time immemorial, cultures have provided the bereaved with advice and rituals to address – and express – the expe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC503393.xml |
555937 | The Use of Edge-Betweenness Clustering to Investigate Biological Function in Protein Interaction Networks | Background This paper describes an automated method for finding clusters of interconnected proteins in protein interaction networks and retrieving protein annotations associated with these clusters. Results Protein interaction graphs were separated into subgraphs of interconnected proteins, using the JUNG implementatio... | Background Protein interaction datasets are typically presented as graphs (or networks), in which the nodes are proteins and the edges represent the interactions between the proteins. These graphs can be used to investigate the functions of unannotated proteins through their interactions with neighbouring annotated pro... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555937.xml |
538265 | Reduced bio-efficacy of permethrin EC impregnated bednets against an Anopheles gambiae strain with oxidase-based pyrethroid tolerance | Background Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are an integral component of malaria control programmes in Africa. How much pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors will impact on the efficacy of ITNs is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate knockdown and killing effects of ITNs on a metabolic-based resis... | Background Malaria is the most important vector-borne disease in Africa. It is estimated that 80 to 90% of the 300 million annual cases and one million deaths occur on this continent [ 1 ]. The sharp rise of its incidence in the past decades resulted in dramatic economic consequences for African countries [ 2 ]. The gl... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538265.xml |
423137 | Integrative Analysis of the Mitochondrial Proteome in Yeast | In this study yeast mitochondria were used as a model system to apply, evaluate, and integrate different genomic approaches to define the proteins of an organelle. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry applied to purified mitochondria identified 546 proteins. By expression analysis and comparison to other proteome st... | Introduction About half of the expected mitochondrial proteins in humans are known to date, and already a fifth of these known proteins are associated with human Mendelian disorders (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man [ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/ ]; DiMauro and Schon 1998 ; Andreoli et al. 2004 ). Mitochondrial... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423137.xml |
538259 | The development of a new measure of quality of life for young people with diabetes mellitus: the ADDQoL-Teen | Background This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the ADDQoL-Teen, an innovative individualised, patient-centred questionnaire measuring perceived impact of diabetes mellitus on quality of life (QoL) of teenagers. Respondents rate all 30 life domains for frequency, and personally applicable domains for 'bo... | Background Increasing numbers of children are being diagnosed with diabetes mellitus [ 1 ] and, once diagnosed, these children and their families face major changes to their lives. However, the emphasis from health professionals is often on control of blood glucose levels and far less consideration is given to the impa... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538259.xml |
538271 | Validation of a prefractionation method followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis – Applied to cerebrospinal fluid proteins from frontotemporal dementia patients | Background The aim of this study was firstly, to improve and validate a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) prefractionation method followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and secondly, using this strategy to investigate differences between the CSF proteome of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients and controls. From ... | Background Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) accounts for up to 20% of presenil dementia cases [ 1 ] and is, after Alzheimer's disease (AD), the second most common form of early onset dementia (at age < 65 years) [ 2 ]. The clinical picture in FTD is characterized mainly by changes in personality and social behavior, signs... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538271.xml |
533867 | Improvement of alignment accuracy utilizing sequentially conserved motifs | Background Multiple sequence alignment algorithms are very important tools in molecular biology today. Accurate alignment of proteins is central to several areas such as homology modelling, docking studies, understanding evolutionary trends and study of structure-function relationships. In recent times, improvement of ... | Background The advent of large genome projects has led to an explosion of sequence data in public databases. Analysis of protein families, understanding their evolutionary trends and detection of remote homologues are now the primary objectives. Genome annotation and analysis tools like fold prediction, homology modell... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC533867.xml |
514572 | Attenuation of dengue virus infection by adeno-associated virus-mediated siRNA delivery | Background The need for safe and effective treatment of dengue virus (DEN), a class A agent that causes dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome, has been a critical global priority. An effective vaccine for DEN is not yet available. In this study the possibility of attenuating DEN infection using adeno-associate... | Introduction The need for a safe and effective prophylaxis or treatment for dengue virus (DEN) infection, a category A mosquito-borne human pathogen, is a critical global priority. DEN causes dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), which is associated with heterologous secondary DEN infection and affe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514572.xml |
509245 | A randomised controlled trial and cost effectiveness study of systematic screening (targeted and total population screening) versus routine practice for the detection of atrial fibrillation in the over 65s: (SAFE) [ISRCTN19633732] | Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been recognised as an important independent risk factor for thromboembolic disease, particularly stroke for which it provides a five-fold increase in risk. This study aimed to determine the baseline prevalence and the incidence of AF based on a variety of screening strategies and... | Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been recognised as an important independent risk factor for thromboembolic disease, particularly stroke with which it is associated with a five fold increase in risk [ 1 ]. There are few data on the prevalence of AF in the United Kingdom. Local data derived from the Echocardiogra... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509245.xml |
544351 | Allele frequencies of hemojuvelin gene (HJV) I222N and G320V missense mutations in white and African American subjects from the general Alabama population | Background Homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for coding region mutations of the hemojuvelin gene ( HJV ) in whites is a cause of early age-of-onset iron overload (juvenile hemochromatosis), and of hemochromatosis phenotypes in some young or middle-aged adults. HJV coding region mutations have also been identified... | Background Homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for coding region mutations of the hemojuvelin gene ( HJV ) in whites is a cause of early age-of-onset iron overload (juvenile hemochromatosis), and of hemochromatosis phenotypes in some young or middle-aged adults [ 1 - 4 ]. HJV coding region mutations have also been ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544351.xml |
546234 | Human embryonal epithelial cells of the developing small intestinal crypts can express the Hodgkin-cell associated antigen Ki-1 (CD30) in spontaneous abortions during the first trimester of gestation | Background Ki-1 (CD30) antigen expression is not found on peripheral blood cells but its expression can be induced in vitro on T and B lymphocytes by viruses and lectins. Expression of CD30 in normal tissues is very limited, being restricted mainly to a subpopulation of large lymphoid cells; in particular, cells of the... | Introduction CD30 antigen, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily [ 1 - 3 ], was originally identified as a cell surface antigen on primary and cultured Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg cells by use of the monoclonal antibody Ki-1 [ 4 , 5 ]. CD30 antigen is normally expressed by a subset (15–20%) ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546234.xml |
514566 | In vivo transcriptional profiling of Plasmodium falciparum | Background Both host and pathogen factors contribute to disease outcome in Plasmodium falciparum infection. The feasibility of studying the P. falciparum in vivo transcriptome to understand parasite transcriptional response while it resides in the human host is presented. Methods A custom made oligonucleotide array wit... | Background Plasmodium falciparum infection remains a major health problem worldwide. Its complex life cycle has hampered standard methods for the study of pathogenesis. New approaches to elucidate parasite biology using whole genomic methods have provided insight into gene function, transcriptional regulation and stage... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514566.xml |
546220 | Geographical clustering of prostate cancer grade and stage at diagnosis, before and after adjustment for risk factors | Background Spatial variation in patterns of disease outcomes is often explored with techniques such as cluster detection analysis. In other types of investigations, geographically varying individual or community level characteristics are often used as independent predictors in statistical models which also attempt to e... | Background Ideally, contextual analysis allows for consideration of both attributes that are generalizable across multiple settings, and geographically referenced relationships – influences that occur in context with each other. However, a tension exists between geographic variation analysis, which identifies the locat... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546220.xml |
545067 | Tetanus immunity in nursing home residents of Bolu, Turkey | Background Tetanus is a serious but vaccine-preventable disease and fatality rate of the disease is high in the neonates and the elderly. The aim of this study was to detect the tetanus antibody prevalence in the over sixty-year age residents of the nursing homes in Bolu. Methods A voluntary-based study was done in the... | Background Tetanus is an acute disease caused by the tetanus toxin, released by the bacterium Clostridium tetani . Tetanus spores are present in soil and manure and may be introduced into the body through a puncture wound, burn or scratch. Tetanus can never be eradicated because the spores are widely spread in the envi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545067.xml |
449891 | On the Brink: How Biology and Humans Affect Extinction Risk | null | Close to a quarter of the world's mammals are at high risk of extinction. Save for the periodic “great extinctions,” mammalian extinction has been a relatively rare event in geological terms, with one species disappearing from the fossil record every 1,000 years or so. Over the past 400 years, species have been disappe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC449891.xml |
400249 | Noise Minimization in Eukaryotic Gene Expression | All organisms have elaborate mechanisms to control rates of protein production. However, protein production is also subject to stochastic fluctuations, or “noise.” Several recent studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli have investigated the relationship between transcription and translation rates and s... | Introduction Stochasticity is a ubiquitous characteristic of life. Such apparent randomness, or “noise,” can be observed in a wide range of organisms, resulting in phenomena ranging from progressive loss of cell-cycle synchronization in an initially synchronized population of microbes to the pattern of hair coloration ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC400249.xml |
509251 | The usefulness of the Korean version of modified Mini-Mental State Examination (K-mMMSE) for dementia screening in community dwelling elderly people | Background We assessed whether the Korean version of modified Mini-Mental State Examination (K-mMMSE) has improved performance as a screening test for cognitive impairment or dementia in a general population compared with the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). Methods Screening interviews were conducted wit... | Background The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a brief screening test that quantitatively assesses the cognitive status of elderly people [ 1 , 2 ]. It is easy to administer and has shown good reliability. Although its validity as a screening test is acceptable for clinical samples, it has been shown to have di... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509251.xml |
520833 | Comparison in gene expression of secretory human endometrium using laser microdissection | Background The endometrium prepares for implantation under the control of steroid hormones. It has been suggested that there are complicated interactions between the epithelium and stroma in the endometrium during menstrual cycle. In this study, we demonstrate a difference in gene expression between the epithelial and ... | Introduction Many studies have sought to understand the mechanism of implantation. Recently, the rate of pregnancy in the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycle has declined, and this has been attributed to a decrease in the rate of implantation. The recently developed laser microdissection method ha... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520833.xml |
533873 | Functional characterization in Caenorhabditis elegans of transmembrane worm-human orthologs | Background The complete genome sequences for human and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans offer an opportunity to learn more about human gene function through functional characterization of orthologs in the worm. Based on a previous genome-wide analysis of worm-human orthologous transmembrane proteins, we selected sev... | Background The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a simple model for understanding animal biology for nearly four decades. After the sequencing of entire genomes from several metazoans, we are now in an excellent position to take a gene-centric approach to the worm as a model organism. A majority of human... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC533873.xml |
544345 | SCOPmap: Automated assignment of protein structures to evolutionary superfamilies | Background Inference of remote homology between proteins is very challenging and remains a prerogative of an expert. Thus a significant drawback to the use of evolutionary-based protein structure classifications is the difficulty in assigning new proteins to unique positions in the classification scheme with automatic ... | Background Protein structure classifications are commonly used for studying structural and evolutionary relationships between proteins (namely remote homology inference), protein structure and function prediction, identification of potential functional residues and binding sites, understanding sequence/structure/functi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544345.xml |
517709 | Combined analysis of expression data and transcription factor binding sites in the yeast genome | Background The analysis of gene expression using DNA microarrays provides genome wide profiles of the genes controlled by the presence or absence of a specific transcription factor. However, the question arises of whether a change in the level of transcription of a specific gene is caused by the transcription factor ac... | Background A bioinformatic approach to identifying cis-regulatory elements controlling transcription has become feasible with the availability of complete genome sequences and large scale expression data using high-throughput methods such as microarrays [ 1 , 2 ] and SAGE [ 3 ]. The expression data provides a list of g... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517709.xml |
509279 | Molecular dissection of the human antibody response to the structural repeat epitope of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite from a protected donor | Background The circumsporozoite surface protein is the primary target of human antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, these antibodies are predominantly directed to the major repetitive epitope (Asn-Pro-Asn-Ala) n , (NPNA) n . In individuals immunized by the bites of irradiated Anopheles mosquitoes carry... | Background Malaria threatens public health in regions of the world where more than a third of the human population lives [ 1 , 2 ]. It has been shown that immunization with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites, the infective stage of the malaria parasite, confers protective immunity [ 3 , 4 ]. The role of specif... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509279.xml |
520827 | A weather-driven model of malaria transmission | Background Climate is a major driving force behind malaria transmission and climate data are often used to account for the spatial, seasonal and interannual variation in malaria transmission. Methods This paper describes a mathematical-biological model of the parasite dynamics, comprising both the weather-dependent wit... | Background The importance of climate as a driving force of malaria transmission has been known since the earliest days of research on this devastating parasitic disease. However, it is only with the advent of effective weather forecasting techniques that this knowledge may be implemented numerically. Seasonal climate f... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520827.xml |
517721 | Long acting β2 agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with poor reversibility: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials | Background The long acting β2-agonists, salmeterol and formoterol, have been recommended, by some, as first line treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We reviewed evidence of efficacy and safety when compared with placebo or anticholinergic agents in patients with poorly reversible COPD. Met... | Background Bronchodilators are the primary agents used to manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They modestly improve forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and reduce dynamic hyperinflation; breathlessness may lessen and exercise tolerance increase despite little improvement in spirometric measur... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517721.xml |
545073 | MAB21L2, a vertebrate member of the Male-abnormal 21 family, modulates BMP signaling and interacts with SMAD1 | Background Through in vivo loss-of-function studies, vertebrate members of the Male abnormal 21 (mab-21) gene family have been implicated in gastrulation, neural tube formation and eye morphogenesis. Despite mounting evidence of their considerable importance in development, the biochemical properties and nature of MAB-... | Background The male-abnormal 21 ( mab-21 ) gene was first characterized in Caenorhabditis elegans as part of the combinatorial genetic code affecting morphogenesis of the sensory rays, a male-specific sense organ located in the tail and involved in copulation. In that context, early studies [ 1 ] identified a hypomorph... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545073.xml |
509286 | How can Health Behavior Theory be made more useful for intervention research? | Background The present paper expresses the author's views about the practical utility of Health Behavior Theory for health behavior intervention research. The views are skeptical and perhaps even a bit exaggerated. They are, however, also based on 20-plus years of in-the-trenches research focused on improving health be... | Background The author has been conducting research on behavioral treatment of obesity for about 25 years. During that time, the dominant conceptual models guiding intervention development have been cognitive behavior models that have their origin in psychological theory. Those most often cited include the Health Belief... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509286.xml |
546208 | The tumor suppressor Scrib interacts with the zyxin-related protein LPP, which shuttles between cell adhesion sites and the nucleus | Background At sites of cell adhesion, proteins exist that not only perform structural tasks but also have a signaling function. Previously, we found that the Lipoma Preferred Partner (LPP) protein is localized at sites of cell adhesion such as focal adhesions and cell-cell contacts, and shuttles to the nucleus where it... | Background At the heart of structural and functional integrity of multicellular entities is the ability of each and every cell of it to successfully integrate signals arising from soluble factors, cell-substratum adhesion and cell-cell adhesion [ 1 ]. Correct processing of these signals allows appropriate cellular grow... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546208.xml |
524499 | Molecular regulation of pancreatic stellate cell function | Until now, no specific therapies are available to inhibit pancreatic fibrosis, a constant pathological feature of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. One major reason is the incomplete knowledge of the molecular principles underlying fibrogenesis in the pancreas. In the past few years, evidence has been accumul... | Review Excessive production of connective tissue molecules forming the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a pathological process relevant to diseases of many organ systems, including liver, lung, kidney, bowel and pancreas. The resulting fibrosis frequently leads to a progressive loss of specific organ functions. In the pas... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524499.xml |
526259 | Use of and attitudes to a hospital information system by medical secretaries, nurses and physicians deprived of the paper-based medical record: a case report | Background Most hospitals keep and update their paper-based medical records after introducing an electronic medical record or a hospital information system (HIS). This case report describes a HIS in a hospital where the paper-based medical records are scanned and eliminated. To evaluate the HIS comprehensively, the per... | Background Hospital information systems (HIS) and Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are considered prerequisites for the efficient delivery of high quality health care in hospitals. However, a large number of legal and practical constraints influence on the design and introduction of such systems [ 1 ]. Hence, many EMR... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526259.xml |
534113 | A survey of relationship between anxiety, depression and duration of infertility | Background A cross sectional study was designed to survey the relationship between anxiety/depression and duration/cause of infertility, in Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran, Iran. Methods After obtaining their consents, 370 female patients with different infertility causes participated in, and dat... | Background The impact of infertility on the psychological well being of couples involved has been the object of increasing attention in recent years. It cannot be denied that infertility is a deeply distressing experience for many couples [ 1 ]. In latter part of twentieth century, psychogenic cause was an accepted top... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534113.xml |
524472 | Components of Coated Vesicles and Nuclear Pore Complexes Share a Common Molecular Architecture | Numerous features distinguish prokaryotes from eukaryotes, chief among which are the distinctive internal membrane systems of eukaryotic cells. These membrane systems form elaborate compartments and vesicular trafficking pathways, and sequester the chromatin within the nuclear envelope. The nuclear pore complex is the ... | Introduction The ability to sharply curve membranes was a defining event in the evolution of early eukaryotes, allowing the formation of endomembrane systems ( Blobel 1980 ). In modern eukaryotes, these systems have become elaborate internal membranes, such as the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and th... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524472.xml |
539351 | Crystal structure of subunit VPS25 of the endosomal trafficking complex ESCRT-II | Background Down-regulation of plasma membrane receptors via the endocytic pathway involves their monoubiquitylation, transport to endosomal membranes and eventual sorting into multi vesicular bodies (MVB) destined for lysosomal degradation. Successive assemblies of E ndosomal S orting C omplexes R equired for T ranspor... | Background Endosomal compartments receive membrane bound cargo from both the biosynthetic and the endocytic pathways. Receptor downregulation by endocytosis includes transport to early endosomes and either recycling or sorting into late endosomes. The latter have the morphological characteristics of multivesicular bodi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539351.xml |
535543 | Psychometric performance of an assessment scale for strain in nursing care: The M-NCAS | Background Multiple instruments exist to measure dementia behaviors, but the nursing staff perspective on those behaviors and their level of burden has not been well measured. The goal of this study was to examine the psychometric performance of the Modified Nursing Care Assessment Scale (M-NCAS), a 28-item nurse ratin... | Background Caring for the institutionalized dementia patient can be challenging for nursing staff [ 1 , 2 ]. Persons with dementia often exhibit such disturbing behaviors as pacing, use of inappropriate language, acting out, refusal of necessary care, hallucinations, and delusions. Nursing staff caring for persons with... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535543.xml |
535572 | Brain versus Machine Control | Dr. Octopus, the villain of the movie "Spiderman 2", is a fusion of man and machine. Neuroscientist Jose Carmena examines the facts behind this fictional account of a brain- machine interface | “Dr. Octopus,” the villain that terrorizes the city in the most recent film of the popular Spider-Man comic, is the ultimate characterization of a brain–machine interface (BMI) on the big screen. In Spider-Man 2, the brain is that of nuclear physicist Dr. Otto Octavius, who dreams of harnessing nuclear fusion. The mach... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535572.xml |
509292 | Nicotine's Defensive Function in Nature | Plants produce metabolites that directly decrease herbivore performance, and as a consequence, herbivores are selected for resistance to these metabolites. To determine whether these metabolites actually function as defenses requires measuring the performance of plants that are altered only in the production of a certa... | Introduction Plants produce many secondary metabolites, of which some are thought to function as direct defenses against pathogens and herbivores by reducing their performance, survival, and reproduction. Numerous plant allelochemicals with antiherbivore properties are classified according to their mode of action (e.g.... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509292.xml |
517937 | Non-Invasive monitoring of diaphragmatic timing by means of surface contact sensors: An experimental study in dogs | Background Non-invasive monitoring of respiratory muscle function is an area of increasing research interest, resulting in the appearance of new monitoring devices, one of these being piezoelectric contact sensors. The present study was designed to test whether the use of piezoelectric contact (non-invasive) sensors co... | Background Non-invasive monitoring of respiratory function is an area of increasing research interest, resulting in the appearance of new monitoring devices [ 1 ]. At present, the most utilised non-invasive method for continuous quantitative monitoring of breathing pattern is respiratory inductive plethysmography. This... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517937.xml |
449846 | Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Initiates Immunoglobulin Gene Conversion and Hypermutation by a Common Intermediate | Depending on the species and the lymphoid organ, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression triggers diversification of the rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) genes by pseudo V (ψV) gene- templated gene conversion or somatic hypermutation. To investigate how AID can alternatively induce recombination or hypermu... | Introduction Immunoglobulin (Ig) genes are further diversified after V(D)J rearrangement by gene conversion, hypermutation, or a combination of the two. Surprisingly, even closely related species employ different strategies: mice and humans use exclusively hypermutation ( Milstein and Rada 1995 ), whereas rabbits, cows... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC449846.xml |
526254 | Renal outcome in adults with renal insufficiency and irregular asymmetric kidneys | Background The commonest cause of end-stage renal failure (ESRF) in children and young adults is congenital malformation of the kidney and urinary tract. In this retrospective review, we examine whether progression to ESRF can be predicted and whether treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) can d... | Background Nearly half the children and young adults who develop end-stage renal failure (ESRF) have asymmetric irregularly shaped kidneys [ 1 ]. This appearance, often referred to as bilateral renal scarring, is frequently associated with vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) and sometimes with a history of urinary tract infec... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526254.xml |
539360 | Modification of the mean-square error principle to double the convergence speed of a special case of Hopfield neural network used to segment pathological liver color images | Background This paper analyzes the effect of the mean-square error principle on the optimization process using a Special Case of Hopfield Neural Network (SCHNN). Methods The segmentation of multidimensional medical and colour images can be formulated as an energy function composed of two terms: the sum of squared error... | Background Segmentation is an important step in most applications that use medical image data. For example, segmentation is a prerequisite for quantification of morphological disease manifestations and for radiation treatment planning [ 1 , 2 ], for construction of anatomical models [ 3 ], for definitions of flight pat... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539360.xml |
533881 | Protective role of Scoparia dulcis plant extract on brain antioxidant status and lipidperoxidation in STZ diabetic male Wistar rats | Background The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis on the occurrence of oxidative stress in the brain of rats during diabetes by measuring the extent of oxidative damage as well as the status of the antioxidant defense system. Methods Aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis p... | Background The neurological consequences of diabetes mellitus in the Central Nervous System (CNS) are now receiving greater attention. Cognitive deficits, along with morphological and neurochemical alterations illustrate that the neurological complications of diabetes are not limited to peripheral neuropathies [ 1 ]. T... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC533881.xml |
535557 | CLOE: Identification of putative functional relationships among genes by comparison of expression profiles between two species | Background Public repositories of microarray data contain an incredible amount of information that is potentially relevant to explore functional relationships among genes by meta-analysis of expression profiles. However, the widespread use of this resource by the scientific community is at the moment limited by the lim... | Background The availability of genome sequences from several model organisms, including humans, and of high-throughput technologies to study gene function is dramatically changing the approach to biological problems. In particular, the consolidated reductionist gene-by-gene strategy is being replaced by a 'modular appr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535557.xml |
524480 | Tools for loading MEDLINE into a local relational database | Background Researchers who use MEDLINE for text mining, information extraction, or natural language processing may benefit from having a copy of MEDLINE that they can manage locally. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) distributes MEDLINE in eXtensible Markup Language (XML)-formatted text files, but it is difficult ... | Background MEDLINE is a large biomedical bibliographic database that is well known to users around the globe. It contains over 12 million citations from over 4,600 journals. MEDLINE is a rich source of biomedical text that lends itself well to research on text mining, information extraction, and natural language proces... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524480.xml |
526297 | Prospective study of clinician-entered research data in the Emergency Department using an Internet-based system after the HIPAA Privacy Rule | Background Design and test the reliability of a web-based system for multicenter, real-time collection of data in the emergency department (ED), under waiver of authorization, in compliance with HIPAA. Methods This was a phase I, two-hospital study of patients undergoing evaluation for possible pulmonary embolism. Data... | Background The ability of medical researchers to obtain and store electronic clinical data was complicated by requirements of the Patient Privacy Rule of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ("HIPAA") of 1996 in title 45 of the Federal Register, parts 160, subparts A and E of part 164 [ 1 - 3 ]. The ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526297.xml |
517923 | Chronic arthritis in children and adolescents in two Indian health service user populations | Background High prevalence rates for rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthopathies, and systemic lupus erythematosus have been described in American Indian and Alaskan Native adults. The impact of these diseases on American Indian children has not been investigated. Methods We used International Classification of Diseases... | Background As a group, the rheumatic diseases of childhood represent one of the most common chronic disease conditions in children [ 1 ]. These illnesses have global distribution [ 2 - 5 ], but little information exists regarding either prevalence or phenotypic expression of these diseases in children in any population... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517923.xml |
535566 | Molecular and epidemiologic analysis of a county-wide outbreak caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis traced to a bakery | Background An increase in the number of attendees due to acute gastroenteritis and fever was noted at one hospital emergency room in Taiwan over a seven-day period from July to August, 2001. Molecular and epidemiological surveys were performed to trace the possible source of infection. Methods An epidemiological invest... | Background Salmonellosis, resulting from the ingestion of contaminated poultry, beef, pork, eggs, and milk [ 1 ], is an important public health problem worldwide [ 2 ]. Although the high temperature of the baking process would suggest that baked goods provide a relatively inhospitable environment for colonization with ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535566.xml |
534107 | Psychiatric diagnoses in 3275 suicides: a meta-analysis | Background It is well known that most suicide cases meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder. However, rates of specific disorders vary considerably between studies and little information is known about gender and geographic differences. This study provides overall rates of total and specific psychiatric disorders in s... | Background Suicide is an important public health problem that is among the leading causes of death in Western countries [ 1 ]. Over the last years, the relationship between suicide and mental disorders has been the focus of several studies and has generated important debate [ 2 ]. This relationship has been investigate... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534107.xml |
546211 | Assessment of dizziness among older patients at a family practice clinic: a chart audit study | Background Dizziness is a common complaint among the elderly with a prevalence of over 30% in people over the age of 65. Although it is a common problem the assessment and management of dizziness in the elderly is challenging for family physicians. There is little published research which assesses the quality of dizzin... | Background Dizziness is a common complaint among the elderly, with a prevalence of more than 30% in people over age 65 [ 1 ] and it accounts for 2% of consultations in the primary care setting [ 2 ]. Drachman and Hart [ 3 ] described four subtypes of dizziness: vertigo, lightheadedness, dysequilibrium, and others. Seve... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546211.xml |
545081 | An assessment of factors contributing to treatment adherence and knowledge of TB transmission among patients on TB treatment | Background The treatment guidelines for tuberculosis treatment under Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS) have been a common strategy for TB treatment in Zambia. The study was carried out in Ndola, Zambia, to investigate factors contributing to treatment non-adherence and knowledge of TB transmission among ... | Background Tuberculosis is one of the major public health risk factors of high mortality among patients in Zambia. The prevalence of tuberculosis among adults has more than doubled since the onset of AIDS epidemic in Zambia [ 1 ], with most of the cases often related to HIV/AIDS conditions. Because of the advent of AID... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545081.xml |
514543 | Assessment of genetic diversity in Trigonella foenum-graecum and Trigonella caerulea using ISSR and RAPD markers | Background Various species of genus Trigonella are important from medical and culinary aspect. Among these, Trigonella foenum-graecum is commonly grown as a vegetable. This anti-diabetic herb can lower blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Another species, Trigonella caerulea is used as food in the form of young seedli... | Background The family Fabaceae includes many crops useful for food, forage, fiber, wood and ornamental purposes. In this family, a few legumes such as chickpea, soybean, fababean, fenugreek, lentil, pea etc. are consumed as grain legumes. The grain legumes are plants used as food in the form of unripe pods, mature seed... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514543.xml |
545056 | A rare case of ascending colon actinomycosis mimicking cancer | Background Actinomycosis is a rare inflammatory disease caused by an anaerobic bacterium that can rarely affect the large intestine. Case presentation We present a rare case of a cecum and ascending colon actinomycosis in a 72 years old woman, mimicking clinically a malignant inflammatory tumor of the right colon. The ... | Background Actinomycosis is an uncommon inflammatory entity caused by the universally distributed anaerobic bacterium, Actinomyces Israeli. This Actinomyces is a gram-positive, rather microaerophilic bacterium, which consists a component of the normal human flora. Actinomyces requires the presence of many other bacteri... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545056.xml |
544360 | Practice activity trends among oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Australia | Background The aim of this study was to describe practice activity trends among oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Australia over time. Methods All registered oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Australia were surveyed in 1990 and 2000 using mailed self-complete questionnaires. Results Data were available from 79 surgeo... | Background In Australia the majority of dentists work in private general practice [ 1 ]. Relatively few are specialists (10.8%), of which 16.8% are oral and maxillofacial surgeons accounting for 1.9% of all practising dentists. The major trends in oral health in Australia over recent decades indicate improved oral heal... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544360.xml |
544348 | Gastric emptying is slow in chronic fatigue syndrome | Background Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of these symptoms and explore their relationship with objective (radionuclide) studies of upper GI function. Methods Thirty-two (32) patients with CFS and 45 contro... | Background Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a descriptive term used to define a classifiable pattern of symptoms that cannot be attributed to any alternative condition [ 1 ]. It can be associated with immunological alterations, neuro-endocrine changes [ 2 ], sleep disturbance and disturbed neurocognitive performance w... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544348.xml |
526283 | Erytrocyte membrane anionic charge in type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy | Background The Steno hypothesis states that changes in basement membrane anionic charge leads to diabetic microvascular complications. In diabetic nephropathy, loss of basement membrane glycosaminoglycans and the association between glomerular basement membrane heparan sulphate and proteinuria has been documented. A co... | Background Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in diabetic adults [ 1 , 2 ]. During the first two decades of the disease, nearly all patients with type 1 diabetes and > 60 % of type 2 diabetes have retinopathy. The duration of the diabetes is probably the strongest predictor for development and progr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526283.xml |
524494 | Efficacy of two once-daily methylphenidate formulations compared across dose levels at different times of the day: Preliminary indications from a secondary analysis of the COMACS study data | Background Methylphenidate (MPH) is commonly prescribed in the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD. Concerta and Metadate CD are once-daily formulations of MPH using different delivery mechanisms resulting in different pharmacokinetic profiles. A recent study (COMACS) showed that for near-mill... | Background Attention Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a relatively common early onset developmental condition characterised by a pervasive and persistent pattern of age inappropriate and debilitating inattention, impulsiveness and overactivity. It is reported to affect between 3 and 6 percent of the childhood ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524494.xml |
547899 | Hinderin, a five-domains protein including coiled-coil motifs that binds to SMC3 | Background The structural maintenance of chromosome proteins SMC1 and SMC3 play an important role in the maintenance of chromosomal integrity by preventing the premature separation of the sister chromatids at the onset of anaphase. The two proteins are constitutive components of the multimeric complex cohesin and form ... | Background The structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins are involved in several aspects of chromosomal dynamic, in DNA recombination and in DNA repairs [ 1 - 3 ]. Two SMC proteins named SMC1 and SMC3 bind to and prevent the premature separation of sister chromatids at the end of mitosis [ 4 , 5 ]. SMC1 and S... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC547899.xml |
514557 | Does preoperative abduction value affect functional outcome of combined muscle transfer and release procedures in obstetrical palsy patients with shoulder involvement? | Background Obstetric palsy is the injury of the brachial plexus during delivery. Although many infants with plexopathy recover with minor or no residual functional deficits, some children don't regain sufficient limb function because of functional limitations, bony deformities and joint contractures. Shoulder is the mo... | Background Although the extent and severity of the deformity in obstetrical palsy may vary from patient to patient, shoulder is the most frequently affected joint. Many clinical and radiological classification systems had been described to address the problem and tailor the solution at the shoulder [ 1 - 5 ]. Among def... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514557.xml |
546205 | Expression profile of immune response genes in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome | Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged in later February 2003, as a new epidemic form of life-threatening infection caused by a novel coronavirus. However, the immune-pathogenesis of SARS is poorly understood. To understand the host response to this pathogen, we investigated the gene expression pro... | Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged in 2003, as a new epidemic form of life-threatening infection [ 1 ]. As of September 2003, there were 8098 cases of SARS from 29 countries with 774 deaths (WHO). SARS is characterized by high fever, malaise, rigors, headache, dry cough, and progression to inte... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546205.xml |
509248 | Are p.I148T, p.R74W and p.D1270N cystic fibrosis causing mutations ? | Background To contribute further to the classification of three CFTR amino acid changes (p.I148T, p.R74W and p.D1270N) either as CF or CBAVD-causing mutations or as neutral variations. Methods The CFTR genes from individuals who carried at least one of these changes were extensively scanned by a well established DGGE a... | Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common, often fatal disease with a well-defined genetic cause, so that it is now recommended in many countries in Europe and the United States to offer genetic screening for CF mutations to identify carriers among adults with a positive family history of CF, partners of individuals ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509248.xml |
539348 | Leptin and insulin stimulation of signalling pathways in arcuate nucleus neurones: PI3K dependent actin reorganization and KATP channel activation | Background Leptin and insulin are long-term regulators of body weight. They act in hypothalamic centres to modulate the function of specific neuronal subtypes, by altering transcriptional control of releasable peptides and by modifying neuronal electrical activity. A key cellular signalling intermediate, implicated in ... | Background Leptin and insulin function as peripherally-derived hormone signals involved in the long-term regulation of energy balance [ 1 - 4 ]. Their circulating levels are directly proportional to adipose mass and CNS access occurs via saturable receptor-mediated processes. The primary CNS target for these adipostats... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539348.xml |
368162 | The DNA Story, Part III | Maurice Wilkins's autobiography provides an engaging perspective of the events leading to the discovery of the structure of DNA | As the year-long celebration of the 50 th anniversary of the discovery of the structure of DNA came to an end, the engaging autobiography of one of the participants further enlivened the drama of this event. Maurice Wilkins, now 87, postpones the account of his involvement in the DNA affair until the second half of the... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC368162.xml |
548957 | Correction: Components of Coated Vesicles and Nuclear Pore Complexes Share a Common Molecular Architecture | null | In PLoS Biology , volume 2, issue 12. 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020380 In Materials and Methods, the sentence “The magnetic beads were added to the extract to a ratio of about 8 ×10 9 beads per g of cells” contains an error. The correct amount of beads is 8 × 10 8 , i.e., ten times less. Published February 15, 2005 | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548957.xml |
368176 | Tracking Blood-Forming Stem Cells through Development | null | Of the 200-plus different types of cells that form the mammalian body, most have a finite life span. Like nearly everything in biology, there are exceptions—neurons and muscle cells, for example, can last a lifetime—but the vast majority of cells eventually wear out and must be replaced. Among the most short-lived cell... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC368176.xml |
544189 | GenomeViz: visualizing microbial genomes | Background An increasing number of microbial genomes are being sequenced and deposited in public databases. In addition, several closely related strains are also being sequenced in order to understand the genetic basis of diversity and mechanisms that lead to the acquisition of new genetic traits. These exercises have ... | Background Current efforts in genome sequencing have led to a rapid increase in the number of microbial genome sequences. A total of 522 ongoing microbial genome projects are listed in the GOLD database [ 1 ] and while 167 microbes have been completely sequenced. These sequencing projects now include several bacterial ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544189.xml |
544837 | Simultaneous two organ metastases of the giant basal cell carcinoma of the skin | Background Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common carcinoma in humans. It accounts for 20% of carcinomas in men and 10–15% of carcinomas in women. Despite its high incidence, metastatic events are exceedingly rare. The reported frequency of metastatic dissemination is estimated at 0.0028–0.5 percent. Once metast... | Background Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common carcinoma in humans and accounts for 20% of carcinomas in men and 10–15% of carcinomas in women. Approximately 75–86% of primary BCCs are found on the head or neck. The most common location on the head is the nose, specifically the nasal tip and alae. It constitu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544837.xml |
538254 | Atrial fibrillation and survival in colorectal cancer | Background Survival in colorectal cancer may correlate with the degree of systemic inflammatory response to the tumour. Atrial fibrillation may be regarded as an inflammatory complication. We aimed to determine if atrial fibrillation is a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. Patients and methods A prospective colore... | Background In general, colorectal cancer patients are three times more likely to be in atrial fibrillation preoperatively than matched controls undergoing non-colorectal cancer surgery [ 1 , 2 ]. It may also occur postoperatively. Recent data suggest that atrial fibrillation may be an inflammatory complication, resulti... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538254.xml |
528735 | Reuse of imputed data in microarray analysis increases imputation efficiency | Background The imputation of missing values is necessary for the efficient use of DNA microarray data, because many clustering algorithms and some statistical analysis require a complete data set. A few imputation methods for DNA microarray data have been introduced, but the efficiency of the methods was low and the va... | Background DNA microarray is a popular high-throughput technology for the monitoring of thousands of gene expression levels simultaneously under different conditions [ 1 ]. The typical purposes of microarray studies are to identify similarly expressed genes under various cell conditions and associate the genes with cel... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC528735.xml |
517710 | Exonuclease activity and P nucleotide addition in the generation of the expressed immunoglobulin repertoire | Background Immunoglobulin rearrangement involves random and imprecise processes that act to both create and constrain diversity. Two such processes are the loss of nucleotides through the action of unknown exonuclease(s) and the addition of P nucleotides. The study of such processes has been compromised by difficulties... | Background The variable domain of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) is encoded by the IGHV (variable), the IGHD (diversity) and the IGHJ (joining) genes. In developing B cells these genes are brought together via a process of recombination involving the selection of one of each gene type from sets of genes present w... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517710.xml |
517704 | In vivo clearance of surfactant lipids during acute pulmonary inflammation. | Background A decrease in pulmonary surfactant has been suggested to contribute to the lung dysfunction associated with pulmonary inflammation. A number of studies have implicated surfactant clearance as a possible mechanism for altered pool sizes. The objective of the current study was to specifically investigate the m... | Background Pulmonary surfactant is a phospholipid-protein complex that lines the inner surface of the lung and is essential for normal pulmonary function. Surfactant acts to promote lung stability by reducing surface tension within the lung, while also protecting against inhaled pathogens. Surfactant is composed of app... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517704.xml |
550665 | A novel surgical procedure for bridging of massive bone defects | Background Bony defects arising from tumor resection or debridement after infection, non-union or trauma present a challenging problem to orthopedic surgeons, as well as patients due to compliance issues. Current treatment options are time intensive, require more than one operation and are associated with high rate of ... | Background Replacement of bone where there is none is one of the most challenging problems facing orthopedic surgeons today. In the case of tumor resection or trauma, massive bone defects must be filled with regenerate bone as quickly as possible in order to restore function. Current standards for bridging of massive b... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC550665.xml |
520816 | Characterization of a novel large deletion and single point mutations in the BRCA1 gene in a Greek cohort of families with suspected hereditary breast cancer | Background Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose to breast and ovarian cancer. A multitude of mutations have been described and are found to be scattered throughout these two large genes. We describe analysis of BRCA1 in 25 individuals from 18 families from a Greek cohort. Methods The approach used is based ... | Background Germ line mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes predispose individuals to breast and ovarian cancer. The lifetime risk of breast cancer in female carriers of a BRCA1 mutation is 60–80% while that of ovarian cancer is 20–40%. The median age of diagnosis of breast cancer is 42 years, i.e. 20 years earlier tha... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520816.xml |
555537 | Use of biological based therapy in patients with cardiovascular diseases in a university-hospital in New York City | Background The use of complementary and alternative products including Biological Based Therapy (BBT) has increased among patients with various medical illnesses and conditions. The studies assessing the prevalence of BBT use among patients with cardiovascular diseases are limited. Therefore, an evaluation of BBT in th... | Background The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), defined by the United States National Center for CAM as a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be a part of conventional medicine, has grown tremendously in the United States [ 1... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555537.xml |
538268 | CpG methylation of the FHIT, FANCF, cyclin-D2, BRCA2 and RUNX3 genes in Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of ovarian origin | Background Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are relatively rare and are subtypes of the sex-cord stromal neoplasms. Methylation induced silencing in the promoters of genes such as tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes and pro-apoptotic genes is recognised as a critical factor in cancer development. Methods We examined t... | Background Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers in women of all age groups. Among ovarian neoplasms, granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are relatively rare, accounting for approximately 3% of all ovarian cancers. One common DNA modification is promoter hypermethylation associated with loss of expression of a tumo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538268.xml |
523853 | GeneXplorer: an interactive web application for microarray data visualization and analysis | Background When publishing large-scale microarray datasets, it is of great value to create supplemental websites where either the full data, or selected subsets corresponding to figures within the paper, can be browsed. We set out to create a CGI application containing many of the features of some of the existing stand... | Background Microarray experiments produce vast amounts of data. The resulting datasets are highly complex and contain large matrices of expression measurements as well as sequence and experiment annotations that provide biological context to the data. To organize these different types of data in a way that allows intui... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523853.xml |
523847 | PLoS Medicine— A Medical Journal for the Internet Age | A message from the founders of the Public Library of Science | The Internet is awash with medical information. Eight hundred million people have direct access to the Internet [ 1 ], and in the United States over 60% have searched for health or medical information on the Web [ 2 ]. Go to any search engine and type in the name of a disease or drug, and you will be directed to hundre... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523847.xml |
521077 | Suboptimal clinical response to ciprofloxacin in patients with enteric fever due to Salmonella spp. with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility: a case series | Background Salmonella spp. with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones have higher than usual MICs to these agents but are still considered "susceptible" by NCCLS criteria. Delayed treatment response to fluoroquinolones has been noted, especially in cases of enteric fever due to such strains. We reviewed the ciprof... | Background Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi ( S . Typhi) and Serotype Paratyphi ( S . Paratyphi) with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones are common in India and Southeast Asia [ 1 ]. Such isolates have elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones, although they... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521077.xml |
550671 | Propagated repolarization of simulated action potentials in cardiac muscle and smooth muscle | Background Propagation of repolarization is a phenomenon that occurs in cardiac muscle. We wanted to test whether this phenomenon would also occur in our model of simulated action potentials (APs) of cardiac muscle (CM) and smooth muscle (SM) generated with the PSpice program. Methods A linear chain of 5 cells was used... | Introduction There are no low-resistance connections between the cells in several different cardiac muscle and smooth muscle preparations [reviewed in refs. [ 1 ] and [ 2 ]]. In a computer simulation study of propagation in cardiac muscle, it was shown that the electric field (EF) that is generated in the narrow juncti... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC550671.xml |
546007 | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and Alzheimer's disease risk: the MIRAGE Study | Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) use may protect against Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. We sought examine the association between NSAID use and risk of AD, and potential effect modification by APOE-ε4 carrier status and ethnicity. Methods The MIRAGE Study is a multi-center family study of genetic... | Background Several cross-sectional [ 1 , 2 ], case-control [ 3 - 6 ], and prospective studies [ 7 - 9 ] have reported an inverse association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas others [ 10 - 12 ] have not. In this report, we present results of analys... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546007.xml |
550659 | Comparison of seven methods for producing Affymetrix expression scores based on False Discovery Rates in disease profiling data | Background A critical step in processing oligonucleotide microarray data is combining the information in multiple probes to produce a single number that best captures the expression level of a RNA transcript. Several systematic studies comparing multiple methods for array processing have used tightly controlled calibra... | Background Affymetrix microarrays are high throughput assays for measuring the expression levels of thousands of gene transcripts simultaneously. This type of microarray measures the expression of each transcript multiple times through a set of "probe pairs". Since the advent of the Affymetrix microarray, numerous meth... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC550659.xml |
406392 | Pax7 Is Necessary and Sufficient for the Myogenic Specification of CD45+:Sca1+ Stem Cells from Injured Muscle | CD45 + :Sca1 + adult stem cells isolated from uninjured muscle do not display any myogenic potential, whereas those isolated from regenerating muscle give rise to myoblasts expressing the paired-box transcription factor Pax7 and the bHLH factors Myf5 and MyoD. By contrast, CD45 + :Sca1 + isolated from injured Pax7 −/− ... | Introduction Skeletal muscle regeneration has long been considered to be mediated solely by monopotential skeletal muscle stem cells known as satellite cells ( Bischoff 1994 ; Charge and Rudnicki 2004 ). However, recent studies have identified novel populations of adult stem cells in skeletal muscle. For example, “side... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC406392.xml |
517512 | Predictors of vigorous exercise adoption and maintenance over four years in a community sample | Background Very little is known about the correlates of adoption and maintenance of vigorous exercise. The purpose of this study was to understand the sociodemographic correlates of exercise adoption and maintenance in a community sample. Methods 917 women and 229 men completed annual surveys as part of a community-bas... | Background Vigorous exercise is considered one of the key-components of a healthy lifestyle and cardiovascular fitness. Higher levels of exercise are associated with lower risks of hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, colon cancer, coronary heart disease, depression, anxiety, and has been shown to enhance weight contr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517512.xml |
538283 | Foxo3a induces motoneuron death through the Fas pathway in cooperation with JNK | Background Programmed cell death of motoneurons in the developing spinal cord is thought to be regulated through the availability of target-derived neurotrophic factors. When deprived of trophic support, embryonic spinal motoneurons in vitro over-express FasL, a ligand activating a Fas-mediated death pathway. How troph... | Background During development of higher vertebrates, motoneurons within the spinal cord are generated in excess, and about half the cells initially generated undergo programmed cell death (PCD) during the days following target muscle contact [ 1 ]. The most frequently proposed explanation for this death is that motoneu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538283.xml |
518972 | Setting priorities in health care organizations: criteria, processes, and parameters of success | Background Hospitals and regional health authorities must set priorities in the face of resource constraints. Decision-makers seek practical ways to set priorities fairly in strategic planning, but find limited guidance from the literature. Very little has been reported from the perspective of Board members and senior ... | Background Hospitals and regional health authorities in Canada and elsewhere are facing significant resource allocation challenges. Priorities must be set among competing opportunities because demand for health care exceeds available resources. Board members and senior administrators are looking for practical ways to i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC518972.xml |
515305 | Opposite role of Bax and BCL-2 in the anti-tumoral responses of the immune system | Background The relative role of anti apoptotic (i.e. Bcl-2) or pro-apoptotic (e.g. Bax) proteins in tumor progression is still not completely understood. Methods The rat glioma cell line A15A5 was stably transfected with human Bcl-2 and Bax transgenes and the viability of theses cell lines was analyzed in vitro and in ... | Background Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) are the most common and aggressive tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) [ 1 ]. Current treatments (e.g. chemo-and radiotherapy) have been relatively unsuccessful and no significant improvement in the prognosis has been recorded over the last 20 years [ 1 ]. Cancer cells ar... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515305.xml |
517506 | Improving prescribing of antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering drugs: a method for identifying and addressing barriers to change | Background We describe a simple approach we used to identify barriers and tailor an intervention to improve pharmacological management of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia. We also report the results of a post hoc exercise and survey we carried out to evaluate our approach for identifying barriers and tailoring in... | Background Much research has been carried out with the aim of influencing the performance of clinicians. The results have varied [ 1 , 2 ]. As with any human behaviour, clinical practice is difficult to change. Some strategies that have been evaluated, like passive dissemination of clinical practice guidelines, have ha... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517506.xml |
517499 | Antroduodenal motility in neurologically handicapped children with feeding intolerance | Background Dysphagia and feeding intolerance are common in neurologically handicapped children. The aim is to determine the etiologies of feeding intolerance in neurologically handicapped children who are intolerant of tube feedings. Methods Eighteen neurologically handicapped children, followed in the Tube Feeding Cli... | Backround Oral pharyngeal dysphagia due to disordered swallowing has become increasingly recognized in children with cerebral palsy and other neurodevelopmental disorders. This has led to the increasing use of enteral tube feedings either for full or supplemental nutritional support. Symptoms of foregut dysmotility, su... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517499.xml |
546013 | Obsessive-compulsive disorder and trichotillomania: a phenomenological comparison | Background Similarities between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and trichotillomania (TTM) have been widely recognized. Nevertheless, there is evidence of important differences between these two disorders. Some authors have conceptualized the disorders as lying on an OCD spectrum of conditions. Methods Two hundred ... | Background Trichotillomania (TTM) is characterized by repetitive stereotypical hair-pulling from different sites resulting in noticeable hair loss [ 1 ]. Phenomenological observations have suggested that symptoms of repetitive hair-pulling are reminiscent of the compulsions seen in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) [... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546013.xml |
512287 | Meningitis due to Fusobacterium necrophorum in an adult | Background Fusobacterium necrophorum may cause a number of clinical syndromes, collectively known as necrobacillosis. Meningitis is a significant cause of mortality, rarely reported in the adult population. Case presentation We report a fatal case of meningitis, caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum , secondary to otitis... | Background Fusobacterium necrophorum may cause a number of clinical syndromes, collectively known as necrobacillosis. Meningitis is a significant cause of mortality, rarely reported in the adult population. Diagnosis is often delayed by difficulties encountered in isolating the organism. Here, we report a fatal case of... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC512287.xml |
515311 | What does my patient's coronary artery calcium score mean? Combining information from the coronary artery calcium score with information from conventional risk factors to estimate coronary heart disease risk | Background The coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease. We sought to combine information from the CAC score with information from conventional cardiac risk factors to produce post-test risk estimates, and to determine whether the score may add clinically useful informat... | Background Aggressive primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) is most appropriate in patients at relatively high risk of CHD events [ 1 , 2 ]. The coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease risk [ 3 - 7 ], and therefore may help in deciding how aggressively to p... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515311.xml |
516793 | Paradoxes of Difference | A new play tackles the politics around race and gender in science | Can “race” be gleaned from our genes? Concern over the emerging trajectories of genetics research has led to ongoing debates about how to characterize and interpret genetic variation. Despite the mantra that humans share 99.9% of our genetic makeup, there is increasing interest in identifying the relatively small perce... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516793.xml |
516787 | The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) scale: A methodological review | Background This paper compiles data from different sources to get a first comprehensive picture of psychometric and other methodological characteristics of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) scale. The scale was designed and standardized as a self-administered scale to (a) to assess symptoms/complaints of aging women und... | Background The interest of clinical research in aging women and males increased in recent years and thereby the interest to measure health-related quality of life and symptoms. Women, as do men, experience an age-related decline of physical and mental capacity. They observe symptoms such as periodic sweating or hot flu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516787.xml |
544943 | Epidemiology in conflict – A call to arms | In this first special theme issue, Emerging Themes in Epidemiology publishes a collection of articles on the theme of Epidemiology in conflict . Violent conflict is an issue of great sensitivity within public health, but more structured research and reasoned discussion will allow us to better mitigate the public health... | "And there went out another horse that was red: and power was given to him that sat thereon to take peace from the earth, and that they should kill one another: and there was given unto him a great sword." – Revelations 6:4 Perhaps more than any other previous conflict, the recent war in Iraq has stirred the public hea... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544943.xml |
340956 | World on Fire | Fires are increasing in severity and incidence around the globe and affect many different ecosystems; will the new generation of fire science tools help managers retain biodiversity? | From Bob Clark's snug office in Boise, Idaho, where he manages the United States government's Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP), he figures his computer provides fingertip reach to just about everybody who's anybody in wildfire research. This points to a primary need of nations worldwide in combating the scourge of rec... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC340956.xml |
546198 | Lessons learnt from the painful shoulder; a case series of malignant shoulder girdle tumours misdiagnosed as frozen shoulder | Adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder is a common condition characterized by shoulder pain and stiffness. In patients in whom conservative measures have failed, more invasive interventions such as arthrographic or arthroscopic distension can be very effective in relieving symptoms and improving range of movement. Howe... | Introduction Frozen shoulder was first described by Codman in 1934, as an idiopathic painful restriction in the range of shoulder joint movement, in the presence of normal plain radiographs [ 1 ]. It is also known as "adhesive capsulitis", based on the presence of chronic synovitis and a contracted, thickened joint cap... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546198.xml |
518966 | What is the impact of the ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on the clinical effectiveness and adverse events of ACE inhibitors? – Protocol of a systematic review | Background The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism has received much attention in pharmacogenetic research because observed variations in response to ACE inhibitors might be associated with this polymorphism. Pharmacogenetic testing raises the hope to individualise ACE inhibitor th... | Background Research in genetics and genome sequencing has led to a better understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms and to the detection of inter-individual genetic differences, so-called polymorphisms, which may have a functional consequence on the response to drugs. Pharmacogenetic tests provide information t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC518966.xml |
544957 | Association between monocyte Fcγ subclass expression and acute coronary syndrome | Background Atherosclerosis lesions contain abundant immunoglobulins complexed with oxidized LDL (OxLDL) that are endocytosed by macrophages to form foam cells. While recent evidence supports a role for the macrophage scavenger receptor pathway in 75–90% of OxLDL uptake, in vitro evidence suggests another potential upta... | Introduction Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process that results from hyperlipidemia and complex interactions involving other genetic and environmental factors. OxLDL plays a central role in the atherogenic process through generation of highly immunogenic neodeterminants for the immune system [ 1 ]. Natural ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544957.xml |
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