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555849 | Clotting state after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: a haemostasis index could detect the relationship with the arrhythmia duration | Background Fibrin D-dimer levels have been advocated as an useful clinical marker of thrombogenesis. Hypothesis We hypothesized that i) there is a hyperclotting state after the return of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm, ii) the measurement of plasma D-Dimer levels might be a good screening tool of this clotting sta... | Introduction Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice. It is associated with an increased risk of thrombus formation, resulting in substantial morbidity, with the augmented risk of stroke being the most serious. This could be explained by haemostasis conditions favouring thrombos... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555849.xml |
512280 | Comparison of the accuracy of methods of computational haplotype inference using a large empirical dataset | Background Analyses of genetic data at the level of haplotypes provide increased accuracy and power to infer genotype-phenotype correlations and evolutionary history of a locus. However, empirical determination of haplotypes is expensive and laborious. Therefore, several methods of inferring haplotypes from unphased ge... | Background Very rapid and inexpensive methods exist for determining the genotype of diploid organisms at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Unfortunately, these high-throughput methods do not provide direct information on which SNP alleles at multiple sites coexist on the same chromosome. Instead, computational me... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC512280.xml |
544950 | Thumb force deficit after lower median nerve block | Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize thumb motor dysfunction resulting from simulated lower median nerve lesions at the wrist. Methods Bupivacaine hydrochloride was injected into the carpal tunnel of six healthy subjects to locally anesthetize the median nerve. Motor function was subsequently evaluated... | Introduction The thumb has unique anatomical and biomechanical characteristics that are required to perform many manipulative tasks. Thumb motor dysfunction resulting from neuromuscular and musculoskeletal pathologies severely hinders the performance of these daily tasks. Clinical treatment, prevention protocols, and r... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544950.xml |
515302 | Cluster randomised trials in the medical literature: two bibliometric surveys | Background Several reviews of published cluster randomised trials have reported that about half did not take clustering into account in the analysis, which was thus incorrect and potentially misleading. In this paper I ask whether cluster randomised trials are increasing in both number and quality of reporting. Methods... | Background Cluster randomised trials are those where research subjects are not allocated to treatments independently, but as a group. For example, in a study of counselling patients on physical activity in general practice, practices were allocated to counselling or control and patients aged 40–79 years who attended du... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515302.xml |
538290 | Ectopic paraesophageal mediastinal parathyroid adenoma, a rare cause of acute pancreatitis | Background The manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism with acute pancreatitis is a rare event. Ectopic paraesophageal parathyroid adenomas account for about 5%–10% of primary hyperparathyroidism and surgical resection results in cure of the disease. Case presentation A 71-year-old woman was presented with acute p... | Background Acute pancreatitis occurring secondary to hypercalcemia is rare. Most of the time adenomas are located in the neck. However, in 10–20% cases the parathyroid adenomas are found to be located within the mediastinum [ 1 , 2 ]. The lower parathyroid glands develop from the third pharyngeal pouch in close associa... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538290.xml |
550662 | Proteolytic cleavage of pertussis toxin S1 subunit is not essential for its activity in mammalian cells | Background Pertussis toxin (PT) is an exotoxin virulence factor produced by Bordetella pertussis , the causative agent of whooping cough. PT consists of an active subunit (S1) that ADP-ribosylates the alpha subunit of several mammalian G proteins, and a B oligomer (S2–S5) that binds glycoconjugate receptors on cells. P... | Background Pertussis toxin (PT) is a complex exotoxin and an important virulence factor produced by Bordetella pertussis , a bacterial pathogen of the human respiratory tract that causes the disease whooping cough. PT holotoxin is a multi-subunit complex with an AB 5 structure [ 1 , 2 ]: the enzymatically active A subu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC550662.xml |
546000 | Variants in the vitamin D receptor gene and asthma | Background Early lifetime exposure to dietary or supplementary vitamin D has been predicted to be a risk factor for later allergy. Twin studies suggest that response to vitamin D exposure might be influenced by genetic factors. As these effects are primarily mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), single base va... | Background Early exposure to dietary and supplementary vitamin D has been predicted to be a risk factor for later allergy and asthma [ 1 ]. Supported by in vitro [ 2 ] and in vivo studies [ 3 ], also epidemiological studies [ 4 , 5 ] report a positive association between supplementary vitamin D use and later allergy [ ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546000.xml |
518961 | Different patterns of evolution for duplicated DNA repair genes in bacteria of the Xanthomonadales group | Background DNA repair genes encode proteins that protect organisms against genetic damage generated by environmental agents and by-products of cell metabolism. The importance of these genes in life maintenance is supported by their high conservation, and the presence of duplications of such genes may be easily traced, ... | Background The availability of complete genome sequences from different organisms makes it possible to identify, by similarity, potential homologs of genes that have been experimentally tested in other living beings, resulting in the recognition of putative functions for the proteins encoded by them. This research conc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC518961.xml |
523854 | Randomised controlled trial of gabapentin in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 [ISRCTN84121379] | Background Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type one (CRPS I) or formerly Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD) is a disabling syndrome, in which a painful limb is accompanied by varying symptoms. Neuropathic pain is a prominent feature of CRPS I, and is often refractory to treatment. Since gabapentin is an anticonvulsant w... | Background Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type one (CRPS I) or formerly Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD) is a disabling syndrome, in which a painful limb is accompanied by varying symptoms like edema, hyperhidrosis, hypertrichosis, allodynia, coloring of the skin and, over time, atrophy of the involved tissue. Sponta... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523854.xml |
544944 | Conflict and HIV: A framework for risk assessment to prevent HIV in conflict-affected settings in Africa | In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV/AIDS and violent conflict interact to shape population health and development in dramatic ways. HIV/AIDS can create conditions conducive to conflict. Conflict can affect the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS. Conflict is generally understood to accelerate HIV transmission, but this view is simplistic ... | Introduction Of the obstacles to development in the sub-Saharan African (SSA) region, perhaps none has had a more profound impact than the dual burdens of HIV/AIDS and conflict. During the past quarter century, no region of the world has been more acutely affected by large-scale violent conflict than SSA. Almost all SS... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544944.xml |
551540 | Genomic analysis of early murine mammary gland development using novel probe-level algorithms | A novel algorithm (ChipStat) is presented for detecting gene-expression changes from Affymetrix microarray data. The method is used to identify changes in murine mammary development. | Background The widespread use of DNA microarrays to measure transcript abundance from a significant fraction of the genome has proven to be a valuable tool for identifying functional cellular pathways as well as for capturing the global state of a biological system [ 1 - 4 ]. These arrays have typically been constructe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551540.xml |
406395 | A Gene That Directs the Regeneration of Injured Muscle from Adult Stem Cells | null | If the United States' Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2003 (H.R. 534) becomes law, American researchers practicing any form of cloning could face up to ten years in prison and a minimum $1 million fine. The bill criminalizes a research procedure, called somatic cell nuclear transfer, that involves removing the DNA fro... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC406395.xml |
368165 | A Single Mutation Transforms an Iron Transporter into an Ion Channel | null | Trace heavy metals are essential for a number of metabolic reactions in living systems, but cells walk a fine line between feast or famine. While iron, zinc, cobalt, and manganese, for example, contribute to the catabolic activity of enzymes involved in essential pathways from gene regulation to cell signaling, even a ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC368165.xml |
538284 | Increase of malaria attacks among children presenting concomitant infection by Schistosoma mansoni in Senegal | Helminthic infections concomitant with malaria are common in inter-tropical areas. A recent study showed that mice co-infected with Schistosoma mansoni and Plasmodium chabaudi develop higher P. chabaudi parasitaemia and had a higher mortality rate. This important observation deserved to be further investigated among hu... | Introduction Malaria is prevalent in many parts of tropical Africa, where other concomitant parasitic infections are common. However, little is known about how concurrent infections affect the expression to and/or pathogenesis of each other. A recent study showed that Schistosoma mansoni and Plasmodium chabaudi co-infe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538284.xml |
529438 | TETRA: a web-service and a stand-alone program for the analysis and comparison of tetranucleotide usage patterns in DNA sequences | Background In the emerging field of environmental genomics, direct cloning and sequencing of genomic fragments from complex microbial communities has proven to be a valuable source of new enzymes, expanding the knowledge of basic biological processes. The central problem of this so called metagenome-approach is that th... | Background At present, a majority of the microbes from natural microbial communities cannot be transferred into pure cultures, either because proper cultivation conditions have yet to be found, or due to currently unidentified fundamental obstacles [ 1 ]. For decades, this has limited our understanding of the functioni... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529438.xml |
368159 | No Evidence of Neandertal mtDNA Contribution to Early Modern Humans | The retrieval of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from four Neandertal fossils from Germany, Russia, and Croatia has demonstrated that these individuals carried closely related mtDNAs that are not found among current humans. However, these results do not definitively resolve the question of a possible Neandertal con... | Introduction Despite intense research efforts, no consensus has been reached about the genetic relationship between early modern humans and archaic human forms such as the Neandertals. While supporters of “multiregional evolution” argue for genetic exchange or even continuity between archaic and modern humans ( Weidenr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC368159.xml |
528726 | Combining gene expression data from different generations of oligonucleotide arrays | Background One of the important challenges in microarray analysis is to take full advantage of previously accumulated data, both from one's own laboratory and from public repositories. Through a comparative analysis on a variety of datasets, a more comprehensive view of the underlying mechanism or structure can be obta... | Background By providing a genome-wide view of gene expression, microarrays have become a common exploratory tool in many areas of biological and clinical studies [ 1 - 3 ]. While there are several different microarray platforms, photolithographically synthesized oligonucleotide arrays from Affymetrix have become one of... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC528726.xml |
538253 | Historical measures of social context in life course studies: retrospective linkage of addresses to decennial censuses | Background There is evidence of a contribution of early life socioeconomic exposures to the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. However, extant studies investigating the impact of the neighborhood social environment on health tend to characterize only the current social environment. This in part may be due to comple... | Background Consideration of the impact of neighborhood social environment on health is now common in social epidemiologic studies [ 1 - 7 ]. While studies of the influence of individual measures of socioeconomic status (SES) on health often include queries for various points during the life course [ 8 - 10 ], estimates... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538253.xml |
521070 | A high-resolution radiation hybrid map of chicken chromosome 5 and comparison with human chromosomes | Background The resolution of radiation hybrid (RH) maps is intermediate between that of the genetic and BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) contig maps. Moreover, once framework RH maps of a genome have been constructed, a quick location of markers by simple PCR on the RH panel is possible. The chicken ChickRH6 panel... | Background Chicken is the first major agricultural species for which the complete genome sequencing was undertaken. This is partly due to its position as a model species in various fields of biology including embryo development, oncology, immunology and evolution [ 1 ]. Moreover, as it is the only bird species for whic... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521070.xml |
551597 | The Anal Pap Smear: Cytomorphology of squamous intraepithelial lesions | Background Anal smears are increasingly being used as a screening test for anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASILs). This study was undertaken to assess the usefulness and limitations of anal smears in screening for ASILs. Methods The cytomorphological features of 200 consecutive anal smears collected in liquid me... | Note For corresponding Editorial, please see Leiman, 2005 [ 25 ] Background The incidence of anal squamous carcinoma and its precursor lesions has increased in recent years particularly among men having sex with men (MSM) [ 1 ]. Prior to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic the incidence of anal cancer in th... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551597.xml |
368171 | Perceptual “Read-Out” of Conjoined Direction and Disparity Maps in Extrastriate Area MT | Cortical neurons are frequently tuned to several stimulus dimensions, and many cortical areas contain intercalated maps of multiple variables. Relatively little is known about how information is “read out” of these multidimensional maps. For example, how does an organism extract information relevant to the task at hand... | Introduction Determining how information is “read out” of sensory maps in the cerebral cortex is of fundamental importance for understanding how neural activity gives rise to cognitive processes such as perception, planning for action, and working memory. A substantial portion of our knowledge about sensory read-out co... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC368171.xml |
544830 | Homozygosity for a missense mutation in the 67 kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase in a family with autosomal recessive spastic cerebral palsy: parallels with Stiff-Person Syndrome and other movement disorders | Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is an heterogeneous group of neurological disorders of movement and/or posture, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 1000 live births. Non-progressive forms of symmetrical, spastic CP have been identified, which show a Mendelian autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. We recently descr... | Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is a term used to define a group of disorders [ 1 ] characterized by a non-progressive abnormality of posture and movement, resulting from defects in the developing nervous system [ 2 ]. Approximately 1 in 250 to 1000 live births presents with CP, making it one the commonest congenital di... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544830.xml |
423129 | Topology and Robustness in the Drosophila Segment Polarity Network | A complex hierarchy of genetic interactions converts a single-celled Drosophila melanogaster egg into a multicellular embryo with 14 segments. Previously, von Dassow et al. reported that a mathematical model of the genetic interactions that defined the polarity of segments (the segment polarity network) was robust ( vo... | Introduction The network responsible for segment polarity in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo has been extensively studied. The segment polarity pattern emerges from a sequence of developmental events that each refine the pattern produced by the previous event. During the early cell cycles of the embryo, cell divisio... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423129.xml |
514544 | Arrhythmia-provoking factors and symptoms at the onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A study based on interviews with 100 patients seeking hospital assistance | Background Surprisingly little information on symptoms of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is available in scientific literature. Using questionnaires, we have analyzed the symptoms associated with arrhythmia attacks. Methods One hundred randomly-selected patients with idiopathic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation filled in ... | Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is nowadays divided into three different forms; paroxysmal, persistent and permanent [ 1 ]. Even if the pathological, electrical and physiological phenomena leading to AF have been described in ever more detail, the mechanisms underlying these changes remain largely unknown. The rela... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514544.xml |
528732 | Modeling of cell signaling pathways in macrophages by semantic networks | Background Substantial amounts of data on cell signaling, metabolic, gene regulatory and other biological pathways have been accumulated in literature and electronic databases. Conventionally, this information is stored in the form of pathway diagrams and can be characterized as highly "compartmental" ( i.e . individua... | Background Interactions among genes, gene products and small molecules regulate all cellular processes involving cell survival, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation among others. Such interactions are organized into complex lattice structures conventionally divided into cell signaling, metabolic and gene regula... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC528732.xml |
546216 | Structural equation model testing and the quality of natural killer cell activity measurements | Background Browne et al. [Browne, MacCallum, Kim, Andersen, Glaser: When fit indices and residuals are incompatible. Psychol Methods 2002] employed a structural equation model of measurements of target cell lysing by natural killer cells as an example purportedly demonstrating that small but statistically significant i... | Background Browne, MacCallum, Kim, Andersen and Glaser [ 1 ] employed a measurement model of natural killer cell lysis as an example of testing structural equation models. Their model failed to fit the data, though the authors judged the degree of covariance ill fit to be "negligible from a practical point of view"[ 1 ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546216.xml |
545051 | The risk of hemorrhagic complications in hospital in-patients who fall while receiving antithrombotic therapy | Background The use of antithrombotic agents and falls are independently associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic injury. However, few studies have delineated the risk of fall-related hemorrhagic complications in persons who are taking antithrombotic therapy. The objective of this study was to compare the rates ... | Introduction Antithrombotic agents such as warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel and heparin have proven efficacy and are widely prescribed in the prevention and treatment of many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases [ 1 - 3 ]. However, a significant disadvantage of the use of these therapies is an increased incidence ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545051.xml |
546202 | Allergens of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana | Background Beauveria bassiana is an important entomopathogenic fungus currently under development as a bio-control agent for a variety of insect pests. Although reported to be non-toxic to vertebrates, the potential allergenicity of Beauveria species has not been widely studied. Methods IgE-reactivity studies were perf... | Background Microorganisms are currently under intensive study for use as biopesticides [ 1 - 3 ]. Several fungal species including Metarhizium anisopliae , Verticillium lecanii , and Beauveria bassiana are being used as biocontrol agents for a number of crop, livestock, and human nuisance pests [ 4 - 7 ]. Strains of B.... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546202.xml |
517501 | No evidence for involvement of SDHD in neuroblastoma pathogenesis | Background Deletions in the long arm of chromosome 11 are observed in a subgroup of advanced stage neuroblastomas with poor outcome. The deleted region harbours the tumour suppressor gene SDHD that is frequently mutated in paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma, which are, like neuroblastoma, tumours originating from the n... | Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most frequent extra-cranial solid tumour in children, originating from immature neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system [ 1 ]. The tumours show remarkable differences in clinical presentation ranging from localized to highly metastatic. Although age and clinical stage a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517501.xml |
517717 | HER2 expression in cervical cancer as a potential therapeutic target | Background Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the HER2 receptor is currently being used in breast and other tumor types. Early studies have shown that a variable proportion of cervical carcinoma tumors overexpress the HER2 receptor as evaluated by diverse techniques and antibodies. Currently it is kno... | Background Cervical carcinoma is a leading cause of death in women of reproductive age worldwide, particularly in developing countries. While curable in early stages, the treatment results of locally advanced disease are unsatisfactory. The current standard of treatment -cisplatin-based chemoradiation- fails to cure at... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517717.xml |
545079 | The genetics of ray pattern variation in Caenorhabditis briggsae | Background How does intraspecific variation relate to macroevolutionary change in morphology? This question can be addressed in species in which derived characters are present but not fixed. In rhabditid nematodes, the arrangement of the nine bilateral pairs of peripheral sense organs (rays) in tails of males is often ... | Background A fundamental problem of morphological evolution is how does microevolution relate to macroevolution [ 1 ]. Are variation and selection within species sufficient to account for genetic divergence between species? One approach to this problem has been comparative developmental genetic studies in closely relat... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545079.xml |
544401 | Dynamic in vivo imaging and cell tracking using a histone fluorescent protein fusion in mice | Background Advances in optical imaging modalities and the continued evolution of genetically-encoded fluorescent proteins are coming together to facilitate the study of cell behavior at high resolution in living organisms. As a result, imaging using autofluorescent protein reporters is gaining popularity in mouse trans... | Background Macro- and microscopic imaging are pivotal readouts in the field of biology both for determining the normal (baseline) course of events and for observing the effects of experimental perturbations and natural aberrations [ 1 ]. Recent advances in microscopic imaging make it possible to routinely gain visual a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544401.xml |
524487 | Variation suggestive of horizontal gene transfer at a lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynthetic locus in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the bacterial leaf blight pathogen of rice | Background In animal pathogenic bacteria, horizontal gene transfer events (HGT) have been frequently observed in genomic regions that encode functions involved in biosynthesis of the outer membrane located lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As a result, different strains of the same pathogen can have substantially different lps... | Background LPS is an important constituent of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Variation in LPS composition can have profound consequences for these cells by potentially providing resistance against bacteriophages and antimicrobial compounds as well as facilitating evasion of the host immune system in anim... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524487.xml |
520811 | Comparative effect of intraoperative propacetamol versus placebo on morphine consumption after elective reduction mammoplasty under remifentanil-based anesthesia: a randomized control trial [ISRCTN71723173] | Background Postoperative administration of paracetamol or its prodrug propacetamol has been shown to decrease pain with a morphine sparing effect. However, the effect of propacetamol administered intra-operatively on post-operative pain and early postoperative morphine consumption has not been clearly evaluated. In ord... | Background Postoperative administration of paracetamol or its prodrug propacetamol has been shown to decrease pain with a morphine sparing effect [ 1 - 4 ]. The effect of propacetamol administered intraoperatively on postoperative pain and early postoperative morphine consumption has not been clearly evaluated. However... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520811.xml |
524493 | CD155/PVR plays a key role in cell motility during tumor cell invasion and migration | Background Invasion is an important early step of cancer metastasis that is not well understood. Developing therapeutics to limit metastasis requires the identification and validation of candidate proteins necessary for invasion and migration. Methods We developed a functional proteomic screen to identify mediators of ... | Background Metastasis is responsible for greater than 90% of cancer-related deaths [ 1 ]. It is therefore of great importance to develop therapies that limit this process. Cell migration plays a key role in invasion, an early step in metastasis, and proteins that regulate migration are often upregulated in tumor cells ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524493.xml |
545045 | Current practices in cancer spatial data analysis: a call for guidance | There has long been a recognition that place matters in health, from recognition of clusters of yellow fever and cholera in the 1800s to modern day analyses of regional and neighborhood effects on cancer patterns. Here we provide a summary of discussions about current practices in the spatial analysis of georeferenced ... | Review Background Recently, the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) formed a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Task Force that prepared a handbook to aid cancer registry staff in using GIS for the collection, analysis, and presentation of cancer registry data [ 1 ]. The first chapters of... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545045.xml |
535549 | Susceptibility of different leukocyte cell types to Vaccinia virus infection | Background Vaccinia virus, the prototype member of the family Poxviridae , was used extensively in the past as the Smallpox vaccine, and is currently considered as a candidate vector for new recombinant vaccines. Vaccinia virus has a wide host range, and is known to infect cultures of a variety of cell lines of mammali... | Background Vaccinia virus, the prototype of the Poxviridae , is a large DNA virus whose replication takes place in the cytoplasm of the infected cell [ 1 ]. Although well characterized in vitro , little is known about the ability of vaccinia virus to infect different cell types in vivo . Vaccinia virus host range in ce... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535549.xml |
449864 | Calling the Steps in Development's Genetic Square Dance | null | A single, fertilized egg divides into apparently identical daughter cells. As these twins divide again and again, differences emerge among their progeny, establishing segments that will distinguish back from front and head from tail in the growing embryo. Development of segments—and, later, distinct tissues—requires a ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC449864.xml |
387822 | Predicting Cancer Patient Survival with Gene Expression Data | null | Cancer specialists often talk about cancer as an umbrella term for over 200 different diseases, each having unique characteristics. But even these categories are too broad, as the same type of cancer can take very different paths in different people. It's not uncommon, for example, for a tumor to grow aggressively in o... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC387822.xml |
514550 | Genome-wide array comparative genomic hybridization analysis reveals distinct amplifications in osteosarcoma | Background Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant bone neoplasm of children and young adults. It is characterized by extremely complex karyotypes and high frequency of chromosomal amplifications. Currently, only the histological response (degree of necrosis) to therapy represent gold standard for predicting the outcome in ... | Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant tumor of bone arising from primitive bone-forming mesenchymal cells and it accounts for approximately 60% of malignant bone tumors in the first two decades of life [ 1 ]. These tumors typically arise in the metaphyseal regions of long bones, with the distal femur, pro... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514550.xml |
533879 | No effects of GSM-modulated 900 MHz electromagnetic fields on survival rate and spontaneous development of lymphoma in female AKR/J mice | Background Several reports indicated that non-thermal electromagnetic radiation such as from mobile phones and base stations may promote cancer. Therefore, it was investigated experimentally, whether 900 MHz electromagnetic field exposure influences lymphoma development in a mouse strain that is genetically predisposed... | Background The use of mobile phones is increasing worldwide, although electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones and base stations are a source of great concern. However, so far it is unclear, if non-thermal exposure has a direct influence on public health. French et al. [ 1 ] developed a theoretical model, by whi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC533879.xml |
526253 | In vitro pharmacokinetics of anti-psoriatic fumaric acid esters | Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that can be successfully treated with a mixture of fumaric acid esters (FAE) formulated as enteric-coated tablets for oral use. These tablets consist of dimethylfumarate (DMF) and salts of monoethylfumarate (MEF) and its main bioactive metabolite is monomethyl... | Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of inflammatory cells into skin lesions. Anti-psoriatic therapies are mainly anti-inflammatory. Long-term use of many of these anti-psoriatic therapies is often hampered by serious adverse effects [ 1 - 5... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526253.xml |
535575 | Ecology's Big, Hot Idea | Can the emerging field of metabolic ecology explain all life's patterns in one unifying theory, from the metabolic rate of a shark to why biodiversity peaks at the equator? | Life is complicated. It comes in all sorts of shapes, sizes, places, and combinations, and has evolved a dizzying variety of solutions to the problem of carrying on living. Yet look inside a cell and life takes on, if not simplicity, then at least a certain uniformity—a genetic system based around nucleic acids, for ex... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535575.xml |
522747 | Microarrays in ecological research: A case study of a cDNA microarray for plant-herbivore interactions | Background Microarray technology allows researchers to simultaneously monitor changes in the expression ratios (ERs) of hundreds of genes and has thereby revolutionized most of biology. Although this technique has the potential of elucidating early stages in an organism's phenotypic response to complex ecological inter... | Background The 'genomics revolution' has provided the information needed to analyze how a genome responds to the environment in the formation of the "transcriptome", the portion of the genome that is transcribed. Microarrays, which offer the ability to analyze the expression ratios (ERs) of thousands of genes simultane... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC522747.xml |
449866 | When It Comes to Frizzled-Mediated Developmental Pathways, Location Matters | null | The process of morphogenesis has long inspired the wonder and imagination of those who study it. And until the advent of adequate microscopy and lab techniques in the early 19th century, theories based more on imagination—like preformation, which held that sperm harbored fully formed, tiny beings—than observation persi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC449866.xml |
517924 | The medical care of patients with primary care home nursing is complex and influenced by non-medical factors: a comprehensive retrospective study from a suburban area in Sweden | Background The reduced number of hospital beds and an ageing population have resulted in growing demands for home nursing. We know very little about the comprehensive care of these patients. The objectives were to identify the care, in addition to primary health care, of patients with primary-care home nursing to give ... | Background This article describes the situation in a suburban area in Sweden, and concerns the comprehensive medical care of patients with primary-care home nursing, i.e. patients who require regular assistance from nurses in their homes in order to maintain their health and manage their health problems. This does not ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517924.xml |
521500 | Incidence, risk factors and mortality of nosocomial pneumonia in Intensive Care Units: A prospective study | To determine the frequency, risk factors and mortality of nosocomial pneumonia a prospective study was conducted in the intensive care units. In the study period, 2402 patients were included. The nosocomial pneumonia was defined according to the Centers for Disease Control Criteria. Overall, 163 (6.8%) of the patients ... | Background Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) is the most frequent nosocomial infection in the intensive care units (ICU). The reported frequency varies with the definition, the type of hospital or ICU, the population of patients, and the type of rate calculated. In the recent studies, the incidence was reported as 6.8–27% [ 1 ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521500.xml |
509298 | Unraveling the Molecular Basis for Regenerative Cellular Plasticity | Identifying the molecular basis for the impressive regenerative capacities of some organisms may help us to devise effective methods for enhancing regeneration in mammals | The regeneration of lost body parts and injured organs has captured the human imagination since the time of the ancient Greeks. The deep-seated roots of this early fascination can be seen in Greek mythology. The many-headed Hydra nearly defeated the hero Heracles by growing two new heads for every one that Heracles cut... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509298.xml |
533886 | On the potential role of glutamate transport in mental fatigue | Mental fatigue, with decreased concentration capacity, is common in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, often appearing prior to other major mental or physical neurological symptoms. Mental fatigue also makes rehabilitation more difficult after a stroke, brain trauma, meningitis or encephalitis. As increa... | Background Mental fatigue with reduced capacity for attention, concentration, and learning, as well as subsequent disturbance of short-term memory, is a common symptom in diseases with general or patchy neuroinflammation, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Ahlzheimer's and Parkinson... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC533886.xml |
517930 | Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 regulates IGFBP-1 gene transcription through the Thymine-rich Insulin Response Element | Background Hepatic expression of several gene products involved in glucose metabolism, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), is rapidly and completely inhibited by insulin. This inhibition is mediated through the r... | Background Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and II) have a broad range of biological activities that include the stimulation of mitogenesis and differentiation, and insulin-like effects on glucose uptake and lipogenesis [ 1 ]. These activities are modulated by a family of six binding proteins, termed the IGF-binding ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517930.xml |
545938 | The influence of demographic factors and health-related quality of life on treatment satisfaction in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease treated with esomeprazole | Background The correlation between treatment satisfaction and demographic characteristics, symptoms, or health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess correlates of treatment satisfaction in patients with GERD receiving... | Background The inclusion of patients' opinions in the assessment of interventions has gained greater prominence over the last decades. Regulator agencies now call for the inclusion of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) in clinical trials evaluating pharmaceuticals interventions [ 1 - 4 ]. PRO of interest include health-re... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545938.xml |
535561 | The "Transport Specificity Ratio": a structure-function tool to search the protein fold for loci that control transition state stability in membrane transport catalysis | Background In establishing structure-function relationships for membrane transport proteins, the interpretation of phenotypic changes can be problematic, owing to uncertainties in protein expression levels, sub-cellular localization, and protein-folding fidelity. A dual-label competitive transport assay called "Transpo... | Background Structure-function analysis seeks to elucidate how the structural attributes of a protein serve its function. The function of a carrier protein is to catalyse transmembrane solute translocation. However, without a productive conspiracy among catalysis-promoting residues in the protein fold, transport protein... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535561.xml |
526251 | Inter-residue distances derived from fold contact propensities correlate with evolutionary substitution costs | Background The wealth of information on protein structure has led to a variety of statistical analyses of the role played by individual amino acid types in the protein fold. In particular, the contact propensities between the various amino acids can be converted into folding energies that have proved useful in structur... | Background The large number of protein crystal structures available has naturally led to statistical analyses of protein folding and protein interaction in the hope that these will point to intrinsic residue characteristics and therefore serve as aids in protein fold and interaction prediction. The first such analysis ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526251.xml |
544398 | New approaches to eliciting protective immunity through T cell repertoire manipulation: the concept of thymic vaccination | Conventional vaccines afford protection against infectious diseases by expanding existing pathogen-specific peripheral lymphocytes, both CD8 cytotoxic effector (CTL) and CD4 helper T cells. The latter induce B cell maturation and antibody production. As a consequence, lymphocytes within the memory pool are poised to ra... | Introduction Vaccination has improved healthcare by providing the most cost effective means to prevent disease on a global basis [ 1 , 2 ]. Since the first safe vaccine against smallpox infection was introduced by Sir Edward Jenner more than 200 years ago [ 3 ], a myriad of killed or live viral and bacterial vaccines a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544398.xml |
539359 | Chinese herbal recipe versus diclofenac in symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN70292892] | Background Duhuo Jisheng Wan (DJW) is perhaps the best known and most widely used Chinese herbal recipe for arthralgia, but the clinical study to verify its efficacy is lacking. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of DJW versus diclofenac in symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Me... | Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disorder characterized by articular cartilage degradation with an accompanying peri-articular bone response [ 1 ]. OA affects many joints, with diverse clinical patterns, but OA of the hip and knee is the major cause of disability [ 2 ]. A clinical manifestatio... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539359.xml |
517926 | GASP: Gapped Ancestral Sequence Prediction for proteins | Background The prediction of ancestral protein sequences from multiple sequence alignments is useful for many bioinformatics analyses. Predicting ancestral sequences is not a simple procedure and relies on accurate alignments and phylogenies. Several algorithms exist based on Maximum Parsimony or Maximum Likelihood met... | Background Predicting ancestral protein sequences from a multiple sequence alignment is a useful tool in bioinformatics [ 1 ]. Many evolutionary sequence analyses require such predictions in order to map substitutions to a particular lineage ( e.g. [ 2 , 3 ]). In other situations, the predicted ancestral sequence alone... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517926.xml |
535563 | Reserpine methonitrate, a novel quaternary analogue of reserpine augments urinary excretion of VMA and 5-HIAA without affecting HVA in rats | Background Reserpine, an alkaloid from Rauwolfia serpentina was widely used for its antihypertensive action in the past. In later years, its use has been reduced because of precipitation of depression and extra pyramidal symptoms due to its central action. In the present investigation, reserpine methonitrate (RMN), a n... | Background Reserpine, an alkaloid isolated from Rauwolfia species, was introduced for the treatment of hypertension and schizophrenia in 1950's but was replaced by more effective drugs by the end of 1970's [ 1 - 6 ]. Reserpine is known to act centrally as well as peripherally by depletion of biogenic amines like noradr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535563.xml |
533884 | Rationale and design of a multicenter randomized controlled trial on a 'minimal intervention' in Dutch army personnel with nonspecific low back pain [ISRCTN19334317] | Background Researchers from the Royal Netherlands Army are studying the potential of isolated lumbar extensor training in low back pain in their working population. Currently, a randomized controlled trial is carried out in five military health centers in The Netherlands and Germany, in which a 10-week program of not m... | Background Treatment of low back pain in the military setting: a 'minimal intervention approach' For the last ten years, clinical researchers from the Royal Netherlands Army (RNLA) have studied the potential of physical training modalities in preventing and alleviating nonspecific low back pain (LBP) in their working p... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC533884.xml |
544359 | A survey of medical students to assess their exposure to and knowledge of renal transplantation | Background Within the field of renal transplantation there is a lack of qualified and trainee surgeons and a shortage of donated organs. Any steps to tackle these issues should, in part, be aimed at future doctors. Methods A questionnaire was distributed to final year students at a single medical school in the UK to as... | Background With the potential for improved quality of life and increased life expectancy, renal transplantation is the first choice treatment for most patients with end-stage renal failure [ 1 , 2 ]. However, in the UK there is an ever-increasing disparity between the number of patients on the waiting list and those be... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544359.xml |
449870 | Lineage-Specific Gene Duplication and Loss in Human and Great Ape Evolution | Given that gene duplication is a major driving force of evolutionary change and the key mechanism underlying the emergence of new genes and biological processes, this study sought to use a novel genome-wide approach to identify genes that have undergone lineage-specific duplications or contractions among several homino... | Introduction Gene and Genome Evolution The evolution of genomes has been primarily driven by single basepair mutation, chromosomal rearrangement, and gene duplication ( Ohno 1970 ; Samonte and Eichler 2002 ), with the latter being the key mechanism for generating new genes and biological processes that facilitated the ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC449870.xml |
517715 | Histologic assessment of biliary obstruction with different percutaneous endoluminal techniques | Background Despite the sophisticated cross sectional image techniques currently available, a number of biliary stenosis or obstructions remain of an uncertain nature. In these pathological conditions, an "intrinsic" parietal alteration is the cause of biliary obstruction and it is very difficult to differentiate benign... | Background Bile duct dilatation and increasing jaundice are often onset symptoms of a number of either malignant or benign pathological conditions. In most cases, common cross-sectional imaging techniques such as ultrasonography (US) or spiral-CT or cholangio-pancreatico-biliary magnetic resonance (MRCP) are highly cap... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517715.xml |
517932 | Plasticity of histamine H3 receptor expression and binding in the vestibular nuclei after labyrinthectomy in rat | Background In rat, deafferentation of one labyrinth (unilateral labyrinthectomy) results in a characteristic syndrome of ocular and motor postural disorders (e.g., barrel rotation, circling behavior, and spontaneous nystagmus). Behavioral recovery (e.g., diminished symptoms), encompassing 1 week after unilateral labyri... | Background In rat, deafferentation of one labyrinth (unilateral labyrinthectomy) results in a characteristic syndrome of ocular motor and postural disorders. These disorders have been divided into two categories : One category of symptoms, called static, includes head rotation in both the frontal and horizontal planes ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517932.xml |
522751 | Priming nonlinear searches for pathway identification | Background Dense time series of metabolite concentrations or of the expression patterns of proteins may be available in the near future as a result of the rapid development of novel, high-throughput experimental techniques. Such time series implicitly contain valuable information about the connectivity and regulatory s... | Introduction The rapid development of experimental tools like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), tissue array analysis, phosphorylation of protein kinases, and fluorescence labeling combined with autoradiography on two-dimensional gels promises unprecedented, powerful strategies for the identific... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC522751.xml |
520813 | PATTERNFINDER: combined analysis of DNA regulatory sequences and double-helix stability | Background Regulatory regions that function in DNA replication and gene transcription contain specific sequences that bind proteins as well as less-specific sequences in which the double helix is often easy to unwind. Progress towards predicting and characterizing regulatory regions could be accelerated by computer pro... | Background Regulatory regions in DNA are comprised of multiple functional elements that act in cis to control transcription, replication and other biological processes. Types of cis -acting DNA elements include unique sequences that bind specific proteins, spacer elements that provide a proper distance for interaction ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520813.xml |
546200 | Characterization and performance of a toluene-degrading biofilm developed on pumice stones | Background Hydrocarbon-degrading biofilms in the treatment of contaminated groundwaters have received increasing attention due to the role played in the so-called "biobarriers". These are bioremediation systems in which a microbial consortium adherent to a solid support is placed across the flow of a contaminated plume... | Background Surface-attached microbial communities, known as biofilms, are traditionally employed in fixed-film reactors for wastewater treatment. More recently, biofilms originating from the indigenous microflora of a contaminated groundwater have received increasing attention due to the possibility to develop in situ ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546200.xml |
449899 | Doing Science in Uncertain Times | Doing scientific research in post-Soviet Russia is challenging but there are solutions that could prevent the massive brain drain witnessed in recent decades | A scientist living in Russia is often asked two questions: “Why haven't you left?” and “Is it still possible to work there?” The best response to the first question is, “Why should I?”—which either terminates the conversation or leads to a stimulating discussion about the fate of the world. The second question, however... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC449899.xml |
546228 | Evidence for preferential copackaging of Moloney murine leukemia virus genomic RNAs transcribed in the same chromosomal site | Background Retroviruses have a diploid genome and recombine at high frequency. Recombinant proviruses can be generated when two genetically different RNA genomes are packaged into the same retroviral particle. It was shown in several studies that recombinant proviruses could be generated in each round of HIV-1 replicat... | Background Retroviruses are a family of RNA viruses which replicate through a DNA intermediate [ 1 ]. The unique property of retroviruses is that their virions contain two identical genomic RNA molecules noncovalently linked near the 5' ends forming a dimer [ 2 , 3 ]. Thus, the retroviral genome is diploid. The presenc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546228.xml |
545047 | Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C in preoperative biopsy specimens and metastatic foci of regional lymph nodes in submucosal gastric carcinoma | Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C is implicated in lymphangiogenesis, however the exact role of VEGF-C in promoting lymphatic spread of cancer cells remains largely unknown. Methods The expression of VEGF-C was immunohistochemically determined in 97 endoscopic biopsy specimens from 46 patients with... | Background The incidence of early gastric carcinoma defined as being confined to the mucosa or submucosal layer has increased. In Japan, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is now generally accepted for intramucosal cancers that are associated with a minimal risk of regional lymph node (LN) metastasis [ 1 - 4 ]. For sub... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545047.xml |
544403 | Scaling Up AIDS Treatment: What Is the Potential Impact and What Are the Risks? | Lamptey and Wilson discuss the implications of a new study showing that combining treatment with prevention is the best approach to tackling the HIV pandemic. | There has been a recent and dramatic rise in global funding for HIV/AIDS, from US$2.1 billion in 2001 to US$6.1 billion in 2004 [ 1 ], thanks to several new funding mechanisms ( Box 1 ). These funds, coupled with reduced drug costs, make it feasible to roll out antiretroviral therapy (ART) even in resource-poor setting... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544403.xml |
545053 | Protein secretion in Lactococcus lactis : an efficient way to increase the overall heterologous protein production | Lactococcus lactis , the model lactic acid bacterium (LAB), is a food grade and well-characterized Gram positive bacterium. It is a good candidate for heterologous protein delivery in foodstuff or in the digestive tract. L. lactis can also be used as a protein producer in fermentor. Many heterologous proteins have alre... | Introduction Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are anaerobic Gram positive bacteria with a GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) status. They are also food grade bacteria, and therefore, they can be used for the delivery of proteins of interest in foodstuff or in the digestive tract. A last advantage compared to other well-known ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545053.xml |
514546 | Nitric oxide-an endogenous inhibitor of gastric acid secretion in isolated human gastric glands | Background Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has previously been detected in the glandular part of the human gastric mucosa. Furthermore, nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to influence gastric secretion in various animal models. The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of exogenously and endog... | Background Nitric oxide (NO) is produced from L-arginine in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS)[ 1 , 2 ]. NO is an important biological signalling molecule that influences circulation by regulating vascular smooth muscle tone and modulating systemic blood pressure. Furthermore, NO is involved... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514546.xml |
524485 | Evaluation of sense-strand mRNA amplification by comparative quantitative PCR | Background RNA amplification is required for incorporating laser-capture microdissection techniques into microarray assays. However, standard oligonucleotide microarrays contain sense-strand probes, so traditional T7 amplification schemes producing anti-sense RNA are not appropriate for hybridization when combined with... | Background One of the principal complications in microarray analysis of gene expression is the relatively large amount of input RNA required for each assay. On average, 1–20 μg of total RNA are required per study using glass microarrays [ 1 - 4 ]. This is easily obtained from standard tissue samples, but is more diffic... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524485.xml |
524491 | Mechanisms underlying fatigue: a voxel-based morphometric study of chronic fatigue syndrome | Background Fatigue is a crucial sensation that triggers rest, yet its underlying neuronal mechanisms remain unclear. Intense long-term fatigue is a symptom of chronic fatigue syndrome, which is used as a model to study the mechanisms underlying fatigue. Methods Using magnetic resonance imaging, we conducted voxel-based... | Background Chronic fatigue is common and is reported in more than 20% of people seen in primary care [ 1 ]. However, the neural substrates of chronic fatigue are not well understood. For clinical use, central fatigue is defined as difficulty in the initiation of, or the ability to sustain, voluntary activities [ 2 ]. C... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524491.xml |
528724 | Chemical and Genetic Screens Hit the Target in Cytokinesis | null | Cytokinesis, in which newly formed daughter cells separate, is the culmination of the cell cycle. It is necessary for normal growth and development, and it is also a sine qua non in the pathogenesis of cancers—cells that can't divide can't form tumors, can't metastasize, and can't kill. Therefore, understanding the ful... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC528724.xml |
517729 | Disability weights for the burden of oral disease in South Australia | Background Australian burden of disease estimates appeared inconsistent with the reported repetitive and ubiquitous nature of dental problems. The aims of the study were to measure the nature, severity and duration of symptoms for specific oral conditions, and calculate disability weights from these measures. Methods D... | Background Although dental problems are widespread in number and impose a large burden on society in terms of lost production, pain and suffering, and health expenditure there is a tendency to underestimate their importance due to the generally non-fatal nature of most oral diseases and complacency arising from acknowl... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517729.xml |
528730 | Enhancing the African bioethics initiative | Background Medical ethics has existed since the time of Hippocrates. However, formal training in bioethics did not become established until a few decades ago. Bioethics has gained a strong foothold in health sciences in the developed world, especially in Europe and North America. The situation is quite different in man... | Background Before the modern discipline of bioethics evolved, ethics had been on the centre stage of medical practice for more than two millennia, since the time of Hippocrates. In 1803, Thomas Percival published his book on Medical Ethics , which became the template on which the code of ethics of the American Medical ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC528730.xml |
548952 | Ancient DNA Comes of Age | Ancient DNA enables researchers to study the genetics of populations in the past; despite difficulties in its extraction, aDNA reveals that evolution is even more complex than we had imagined | The study of genetic material from ancient specimens was, in its early years, dominated by a race to sequence DNA from extinct species like the dodo and the woolly mammoth. Now that the supply of these crowd-pleasing curiosities has run dry, scientists are starting to ask new questions of ancient DNA (aDNA) that are re... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548952.xml |
368167 | NCEAS: Promoting Creative Collaborations | NCEAS -- an ecological synthesis center -- is changing the way ecological research is conducted by fostering new forms of collaboration and interdisciplinary research | A substantial portion of research occurs in places where scholars congregate—in campus laboratories, in libraries, or in large specialized facilities, such as oceanographic ships, astronomical observatories, or accelerators. Under any of these circumstances, researchers can interact easily, exchanging ideas and informa... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC368167.xml |
546214 | In vitro digestion and lactase treatment influence uptake of quercetin and quercetin glucoside by the Caco-2 cell monolayer | Background Quercetin and quercetin glycosides are widely consumed flavonoids found in many fruits and vegetables. These compounds have a wide range of potential health benefits, and understanding the bioavailability of flavonoids from foods is becoming increasingly important. Methods This study combined an in vitro dig... | Background Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the two most common causes of death in the United States and most industrialized nations. A diet high in fruits and vegetables has been correlated with a reduced risk for both cancer and heart disease [ 1 , 2 ]. It is thought that the phytochemicals found in fruits and v... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546214.xml |
514552 | Drop-out and mood improvement: a randomised controlled trial with light exposure and physical exercise [ISRCTN36478292] | Background Combining bright light exposure and physical exercise may be an effective way of relieving depressive symptoms. However, relatively little is known about individual factors predicting either a good response or treatment failure. We explored background variables possibly explaining the individual variation in... | Background At northern latitudes reduced vitality, increased appetite and sleep complaints are common symptoms during wintertime, even among people considered healthy [ 1 ]. Atypical depressive symptoms, which are often seen in seasonal depression, appear to correlate with decreased illumination [ 2 ]. Exposure to natu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514552.xml |
555532 | Ca2+ regulation in the absence of the iplA gene product in Dictyostelium discoideum | Background Stimulation of Dictyostelium discoideum with cAMP evokes an elevation of the cytosolic free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ). The [Ca 2+ ] i -change is composed of liberation of stored Ca 2+ and extracellular Ca 2+ -entry. The significance of the [Ca 2+ ] i -transient for chemotaxis is under debate. Aboliti... | Background Aggregation of Dictyostelium discoideum proceeds by an oriented migration of the amoebae towards a source of the attractant cAMP which is synthesized and released periodically by cells in the center of the aggregate. Stimulation with cAMP activates liberation of stored Ca 2+ and extracellular Ca 2+ -entry [ ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555532.xml |
551595 | Melanoma Inhibitory Activity (MIA) increases the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells | Background Melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) is a small secreted protein that interacts with extracellular matrix proteins. Its over-expression promotes the metastatic behavior of malignant melanoma, thus making it a potential prognostic marker in this disease. In the present study, the expression and functional role ... | Background Despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths in the world [ 1 ]. One of the reasons for the dismal prognosis is the propensity of pancreatic cancer cells to invade surrounding tissues and to metastasize. Melanoma inhibitory ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551595.xml |
538251 | The use of microbubbles to target drug delivery | Ultrasound-mediated microbubbles destruction has been proposed as an innovative method for noninvasive delivering of drugs and genes to different tissues. Microbubbles are used to carry a drug or gene until a specific area of interest is reached, and then ultrasound is used to burst the microbubbles, causing site-speci... | Introduction The recent advances in gene therapy and molecular biology have improved the interest in methods of noninvasive delivery of therapeutic agents. Besides the well known application of microbubbles as contrast agents for diagnostic ultrasound, microbubbles have also been demonstrated an effective technique for... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538251.xml |
521072 | Heme oxygenase-2 gene deletion attenuates oxidative stress in neurons exposed to extracellular hemin | Background Hemin, the oxidized form of heme, accumulates in intracranial hematomas and is a potent oxidant. Growing evidence suggests that it contributes to delayed injury to surrounding tissue, and that this process is affected by the heme oxygenase enzymes. In a prior study, heme oxygenase-2 gene deletion increased t... | Background Hemin is a potent oxidant that accumulates in intracranial hematomas and may contribute to neural cell injury [ 1 , 2 ]. It is also the preferred substrate for heme oxygenase-2, the constitutively-expressed isoform that accounts for most CNS heme oxygenase (HO) under normal conditions [ 3 ]. In pathologic st... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521072.xml |
521728 | Nature's Nanotechnologists: Unveiling the Secrets of Diatoms | Diatoms are unicellular algae with ornate silica shells. Their dazzling ability to build tiny structures could inspire applications in the semiconductor industry, drug delivery, and engineering | Diatoms, unicellular algae with ornate silica shells, have fascinated amateur and professional biologists ever since the invention of the microscope. But these days, diatoms and their exquisite shells are also attracting the attention of nanotechnologists who hope that diatoms will teach them how to make minute structu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521728.xml |
538292 | The impact of antidepressant treatment on population health: synthesis of data from two national data sources in Canada | Background In randomized, controlled trials, antidepressant medications have been shown to reduce the duration of major depressive episodes and to reduce the frequency of relapse during long-term treatment. The epidemiological impact of antidepressant use on episode duration and relapse frequency, however, has not been... | Background Depressive disorders are among the most important contributors to disease burden at the population level . While primary prevention for this condition has remained an elusive goal, provision of treatment has been viewed as having the capacity to reduce its impact on population health. Randomized, controlled ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538292.xml |
517503 | Graft calcifications and dysfunction following liver transplantation | Background The molecular events, following ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) of the liver during transplantation are largely unknown. There is evidence that apoptotic and necrotic events may take place, and occasionally result in primary graft dysfunction. We herein report two cases, where significant I/R injury correlate... | Background Liver transplantation (LT) remains the only treatment for end-stage liver disease. However the transplant procedure mandates cold perfusion, hypothermic storage, warm ischemia and warm reperfusion of the graft, resulting in Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury to the transplanted graft. Although the int... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517503.xml |
406397 | Many Ribosomal Protein Genes Are Cancer Genes in Zebrafish | We have generated several hundred lines of zebrafish (Danio rerio), each heterozygous for a recessive embryonic lethal mutation. Since many tumor suppressor genes are recessive lethals, we screened our colony for lines that display early mortality and/or gross evidence of tumors. We identified 12 lines with elevated ca... | Introduction The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has long been used as a model organism for the identification of genes required for early vertebrate development ( Kimmel 1989 ). There is reason to believe that the zebrafish can also be used in genetic screens to identify cancer genes. Zebrafish can live for 4–5 y ( Gerhard et... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC406397.xml |
544832 | Development and standardization of multiplexed antibody microarrays for use in quantitative proteomics | Background Quantitative proteomics is an emerging field that encompasses multiplexed measurement of many known proteins in groups of experimental samples in order to identify differences between groups. Antibody arrays are a novel technology that is increasingly being used for quantitative proteomics studies due to hig... | Background Traditional immunoassay platforms have very limited multiplexing capability and high sample volume requirement. The development and application of high throughput, multiplex immunoassays that measure hundreds of known proteins in complex biological matrices, is becoming a significant tool for quantitative pr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544832.xml |
550660 | PSSM-based prediction of DNA binding sites in proteins | Background Detection of DNA-binding sites in proteins is of enormous interest for technologies targeting gene regulation and manipulation. We have previously shown that a residue and its sequence neighbor information can be used to predict DNA-binding candidates in a protein sequence. This sequence-based prediction met... | Background There has been a growing interest in the prediction of DNA-binding sites in proteins which play crucial roles in gene regulation [ 1 - 4 ]. We have previously developed a method of predicting DNA-binding sites of proteins from the sequence information [ 5 ]. We reported development of a neural network and co... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC550660.xml |
538286 | Effect of straining on diaphragmatic crura with identification of the straining-crural reflex. The "reflex theory" in gastroesophageal competence | Background The role of the crural diaphragm during increased intra-abdominal pressure is not exactly known. We investigated the hypothesis that the crural diaphragm undergoes reflex phasic contraction on elevation of the intra-abdominal pressure with a resulting increase of the lower esophageal pressure and prevention ... | Background Swallowing is a physiologic process by which the food bolus is transmitted from the pharynx to the stomach without esophagopharyngeal or gastro-esophageal reflux [ 1 ]. A sphincteric action exists within the lower 4 cm of the esophagus which prevents reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus [ 2 , 3 ]. T... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538286.xml |
515300 | Antibiotic susceptibility patterns among respiratory isolates of Gram-negative bacilli in a Turkish university hospital | Background Gram-negative bacteria cause most nosocomial respiratory infections. At the University of Cumhuriyet, we examined 328 respiratory isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumanii organisms in Sivas, Turkey over 3 years. We used disk diffusion or standardized microdilution to test the isolates agains... | Background Nosocomial bacterial pneumonia is frequently polymicrobial, with gram-negative bacilli predominating [ 1 ]. Because delays in antimicrobial treatment can lead to adverse outcomes, the choice of empirical therapy is vital. Many effective antimicrobial agents are available, but the treatment of nosocomial pneu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515300.xml |
523842 | Getting the Fluid Balance Right in Malaria | null | Acidosis is a major cause of death in patients with malaria, although what causes acidosis is still unclear. One possibility is that hypovolemia contributes to the problem, and that rehydration therapy could be of benefit. Now, Sanjeev Krishna and colleagues have shown that in children with severe malaria dehydration i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523842.xml |
538279 | Comparison of energy-restricted very low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets on weight loss and body composition in overweight men and women | Objective To compare the effects of isocaloric, energy-restricted very low-carbohydrate ketogenic (VLCK) and low-fat (LF) diets on weight loss, body composition, trunk fat mass, and resting energy expenditure (REE) in overweight/obese men and women. Design Randomized, balanced, two diet period clinical intervention stu... | Introduction Recent reports showing a greater weight loss with a free-living very low-carbohydrate ketogenic (VLCK) than a low-fat diet after 3 and 6 months [ 1 - 5 ] has generated interest in mechanisms that may account for these responses. Earlier work that involved comparison of isocaloric formula VLCK and low-fat (... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538279.xml |
314480 | Brain Activity during Slow-Wave Sleep Points to Mechanism for Memory | null | How does your brain pass the time while you're sleeping? If you've ever wrestled the demons of insomnia, you know what sleepless nights can do to your mental agility. Sleep cycles in mammals are characterized by two distinct, successive sleep stages: slow wave and rapid eye movement (REM). Both stages of sleep have uni... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC314480.xml |
550648 | Leisure-time versus full-day energy expenditure: a cross-sectional study of sedentarism in a Portuguese urban population | Background Low physical activity is known to be a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease. With high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the Portuguese urban population, little is known about how sedentary this population is and what factors are associated to sedentary lifestyles. This study's objective w... | Background Physical activity has been defined by World Health Organization [ 1 ] as comprising of all movements in everyday life, including work, recreation, and sports activities and has been categorised in levels of intensity from light to moderate to vigorous. Health benefits, including decreasing risk of coronary h... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC550648.xml |
544952 | Rehabilitation robotics: pilot trial of a spatial extension for MIT-Manus | Background Previous results with the planar robot MIT-MANUS demonstrated positive benefits in trials with over 250 stroke patients. Consistent with motor learning, the positive effects did not generalize to other muscle groups or limb segments. Therefore we are designing a new class of robots to exercise other muscle g... | Background Rather than using robotics as an assistive technology for a disabled individual, our research focus is on the development and application of robotics as a therapy aid, and in particular a tool for therapists. We foresee robots and computers as supporting and enhancing the productivity of clinicians in their ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544952.xml |
518977 | Survey of attitudes, materials and methods employed in endodontic treatment by general dental practitioners in North Jordan | Background General dental practitioners provide the majority of endodontic treatment in Jordan. The aim of this study was to gather information on the methods, materials and attitudes employed in root canal treatment by dentists in North Jordan, in order to evaluate and improve the quality of current practice. Methods ... | Background Root canal treatment is considered an essential element in the dental services provided to the population in developed countries. Various investigations were, therefore, carried out to explore the standard of root canal treatment carried out by general dental practitioners in Europe [ 1 - 3 ]. It is the resp... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC518977.xml |
368173 | Extensive Association of Functionally and Cytotopically Related mRNAs with Puf Family RNA-Binding Proteins in Yeast | Genes encoding RNA-binding proteins are diverse and abundant in eukaryotic genomes. Although some have been shown to have roles in post-transcriptional regulation of the expression of specific genes, few of these proteins have been studied systematically. We have used an affinity tag to isolate each of the five members... | Introduction The dynamic structure and physiology of a cell depend on coordinated synthesis, assembly, and localization of its macromolecular components ( Orphanides and Reinberg 2002 ). The timing and level of expression of the genes that encode these components are controlled by transcription factors that regulate in... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC368173.xml |
340953 | Mutation Rates and Gene Location: Some Like It Hot | xx | The growing library of sequenced genomes is challenging scientists to extract new biological meaning from DNA sequences. Comparative analysis of the mouse and human genome, for example, has already revealed that mutation rates in the 3 billion base pairs of the human genome vary considerably. What accounts for this reg... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC340953.xml |
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