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518964 | Is remission of depressive symptoms in primary care a realistic goal? A meta-analysis | Background A primary goal of acute treatment for depression is clinical remission of symptoms. Most meta-analyses of remission rates involve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using patients from psychiatric settings, but most depressed patients are treated in primary care. The goal of this study was to determine remi... | Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common and disabling of medical conditions [ 1 ]. The Canadian Community Health Survey recently reported a one-year prevalence rate of 4.5% for MDD, indicating that over 1.1 million Canadians suffer significant distress and impairment in function due to depr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC518964.xml |
406409 | The European Research Council—A European Renaissance | European scientists are pressing for the creation of an independent body to fund European research - driven by the pursuit of scientific excellence | Science looks set for a fundamentalist revival within the European Union. Its leading proponents are taking advantage of unprecedented political upheaval—as ten new Member States accede to the Union—to press their case for funding of basic research that is driven solely and independently by investigators themselves in ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC406409.xml |
516791 | Human oligodendroglial cells express low levels of C1 inhibitor and membrane cofactor protein mRNAs | Background Oligodendrocytes, neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells are capable of synthesizing complement inhibitor proteins. Oligodendrocytes are vulnerable to complement attack, which is particularly observed in multiple sclerosis. This vulnerability may be related to a deficiency in their ability to ... | Background Resident brain cells including oligodendrocytes [ 1 , 2 ], astrocytes, astrocytomas, microglia, glioblastomas [ 3 - 14 ], neurons [ 15 , 16 ], neuroblastomas [ 17 , 18 ] and endothelial cells [ 19 , 20 ] express mRNAs for complement proteins. Although the role of complement expression by these cells remains ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516791.xml |
340940 | Functional Bias and Spatial Organization of Genes in Mutational Hot and Cold Regions in the Human Genome | The neutral mutation rate is known to vary widely along human chromosomes, leading to mutational hot and cold regions. We provide evidence that categories of functionally related genes reside preferentially in mutationally hot or cold regions, the size of which we have measured. Genes in hot regions are biased toward e... | Introduction Because of the abundant availability of mouse and human genome data ( International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium 2001 ; Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium 2002 ), it has come to light that mutation rates vary widely across different regions of the human genome ( Matassi et al. 1999 ; Mouse Genome Seq... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC340940.xml |
515298 | HLA DR phenotypic frequencies and genetic risk of Type 1 diabetes in west region of Algeria, Tlemcen | Background The main genomic region controlling the predisposition to type 1 diabetes is the Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) class II of the major histocompatibility complex. Association with different HLA types depends also on the studied populations. In our investigation, we tried to measure the phenotypic HLA class II... | Background The type 1 diabetes, previously called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), is the consequence of progressive and selective destruction of pancreatic β cells by an immune-mediated process [ 1 ], resulting in an absolute lack of insulin [ 2 ]. It is well established that this self-destruction is primar... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515298.xml |
515307 | An unusual presentation of anetoderma: a case report | Background Anetoderma is a benign condition with focal loss of dermal elastic tissue resulting in localized areas of flaccid or herniated saclike skin. Currently, anetoderma is classified as either primary (idiopathic), or secondary anetoderma (which is associated with a variety of skin conditions, penicillamine use, o... | Background The term anetoderma (anetos = slack) refers to a circumscribed area of slack skin associated with a loss of dermal substance on palpation and a loss of elastic tissue on histological examination [ 1 ]. In the past, cases of primary anetoderma were divided into the Jadassohn-Pellizari type, in which the lesio... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515307.xml |
512291 | Hedgehog-interacting protein is highly expressed in endothelial cells but down-regulated during angiogenesis and in several human tumors | Background The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway regulates a variety of developmental processes, including vasculogenesis, and can also induce the expression of pro-angiogenic factors in fibroblasts postnatally. Misregulation of the Hh pathway has been implicated in a variety of different types of cancer, including pancr... | Background The Hedgehog family of genes encodes secreted signaling molecules that regulate cell proliferation and cell fate determination. In mammals, there are three such genes: Sonic hedgehog ( Shh ), Indian hedgehog ( Ihh ), and Desert hedgehog ( Dhh ). All three Hedgehog (Hh) proteins function by binding to the tra... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC512291.xml |
546039 | Aging and Death in an Organism That Reproduces by Morphologically Symmetric Division | In macroscopic organisms, aging is often obvious; in single-celled organisms, where there is the greatest potential to identify the molecular mechanisms involved, identifying and quantifying aging is harder. The primary results in this area have come from organisms that share the traits of a visibly asymmetric division... | Introduction That populations survive indefinitely while individuals grow old and die requires that young offspring be produced at the expense of old parents, and this has classically been explained in terms of an immortal germ line passing through a transient and disposable soma, or body [ 1 ]. However, with the disco... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546039.xml |
517510 | Estimating age conditional probability of developing disease from surveillance data | Fay, Pfeiffer, Cronin, Le, and Feuer ( Statistics in Medicine 2003; 22; 1837–1848) developed a formula to calculate the age-conditional probability of developing a disease for the first time (ACPDvD) for a hypothetical cohort. The novelty of the formula of Fay et al (2003) is that one need not know the rates of first i... | Background Fay, Pfeiffer, Cronin, Le, and Feuer [ 1 ] showed how to calculate the age-conditional probabilities of developing a disease (ACPDvD) from registry data. Throughout this paper we use "cancer" as our disease of interest, but the method applies to specific types of cancer as well as other diseases where inform... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517510.xml |
516168 | Subcellular distribution of the V-ATPase complex in plant cells, and in vivo localisation of the 100 kDa subunit VHA-a within the complex | Background Vacuolar H + -ATPases are large protein complexes of more than 700 kDa that acidify endomembrane compartments and are part of the secretory system of eukaryotic cells. They are built from 14 different (VHA)-subunits. The paper addresses the question of sub-cellular localisation and subunit composition of pla... | Background Vacuolar H + -ATPases are large multi-heteromeric protein complexes located at endomembranes of all eukaryotic cells. Plant V-ATPase has been identified at the vacuolar and various other endomembranes, and also at the plasma membrane [ 1 - 3 ]. The total molecular mass of V-ATPase is estimated to surpass 700... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516168.xml |
528858 | Add-on therapy options in asthma not adequately controlled by inhaled corticosteroids: a comprehensive review | Many patients with persistent asthma can be controlled with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). However, a considerable proportion of patients remain symptomatic, despite the use of ICS. We present systematically evidence that supports the different treatment options. A literature search was made of Medline/PubMed to identi... | Introduction Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the mainstay of current asthma management and should be used in all patients with persistent asthma. Many patients with persistent asthma can be controlled with regular ICS. However, a considerable proportion of patients treated with ICS remain symptomatic, despite the use... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC528858.xml |
523845 | Which Risk Factors Matter to Whom? | null | There is a much-quoted saying, attributed to the epidemiologist Geoffrey Rose: “A large number of people exposed to a small risk may generate many more cases than a small number exposed to a very high risk.” This is true for many individual risk factors such as salt intake (linked to high blood pressure and cardiovascu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523845.xml |
550673 | Single cell studies of the cell cycle and some models | Analysis of growth and division often involves measurements made on cell populations, which tend to average data. The value of single cell analysis needs to be appreciated, and models based on findings from single cells should be taken into greater consideration in our understanding of the way in which cell size and di... | Introduction What is the point of single cell studies of the cell cycle? The simple answer is that they provide extra information that is not available from studies of cell populations. Without them a cell biologist can be misled. It is easiest for me to start with the theme of the extensive results on single cells of ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC550673.xml |
538281 | Lower rate of genomic variation identified in the trans-membrane domain of monoamine sub-class of Human G-Protein Coupled Receptors: The Human GPCR-DB Database | Background We have surveyed, compiled and annotated nucleotide variations in 338 human 7-transmembrane receptors (G-protein coupled receptors). In a sample of 32 chromosomes from a Nordic population, we attempted to determine the allele frequencies of 80 non-synonymous SNPs, and found 20 novel polymorphic markers. GPCR... | Background The 7TM (7 trans-membrane domain proteins) genes, also known as the hetero-trimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are members of a large family of genes with an estimated 700 members in the human genome [ 1 ]. These receptors are plasma membrane-bound and have evolved to respond ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538281.xml |
523851 | Aging is associated with increased collagen type IV accumulation in the basal lamina of human cerebral microvessels | Background Microvascular alterations contribute to the development of stroke and vascular dementia. The goal of this study was to evaluate age and hypertension related changes of the basal lamina in cerebral microvessels of individuals, who died from non-cerebral causes. Results We examined 27 human brains: 11 young an... | Background Aging is associated with a deterioration of cognitive function including a decrease in the ability to process and store new information [ 1 ]. Processes that might negatively affect cognitive function during aging are manifold. Among them, the cerebral vascular system has a major impact on brain function. Cr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523851.xml |
535941 | Comparison of nested PCR and real time PCR of Herpesvirus infections of central nervous system in HIV patients | Background Molecular detection of herpesviruses DNA is considered as the reference standard assay for diagnosis of central nervous system infections. In this study nested PCR and real time PCR techniques for detection of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in cerebros... | Background Opportunistic infections as well as tumors and vascular and metabolic disorders are common in HIV-infected patients [ 1 - 3 ]. Generally, opportunistic viral infections are caused by a broad spectrum of different species with similar clinical patterns, especially those affecting the central nervous system (C... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535941.xml |
546011 | Doxorubicin increases the effectiveness of Apo2L/TRAIL for tumor growth inhibition of prostate cancer xenografts | Background Prostate cancer is a significant health problem among American men. Treatment strategies for androgen-independent cancer are currently not available. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) is a death receptor ligand that can induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines, i... | Background Prostate cancer is a significant health problem among American men. This year about 230,110 men will be diagnosed with the disease and about 30,000 will likely die in this country alone [ 1 ]. Treatment options are limited and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality [ 2 ]. Localized cancer is... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546011.xml |
538256 | Expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and its receptor gp190 in human liver and in cultured human liver myofibroblasts. Cloning of new isoforms of LIF mRNA | Background The cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) mediates its biological effects through binding to its high affinity receptor made of the low-affinity LIF receptor subunit gp190 (LIF-R) and the gp130 subunit. LIF exerts several important effects in the liver, however, data on liver expression of LIF are scarce... | Background Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) belongs to the interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines, together with IL-11, ciliary neurotrophic factor, cardiotrophin-1, oncostatin M and neurotrophin-1/B cell stimulating factor-3. LIF is widely expressed in tissues and in many isolated cells. LIF expression is commonly up-... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538256.xml |
517504 | Heterologous expression of plant virus genes that suppress post-transcriptional gene silencing results in suppression of RNA interference in Drosophila cells | Background RNA interference (RNAi) in animals and post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in plants are related phenomena whose functions include the developmental regulation of gene expression and protection from transposable elements and viruses. Plant viruses respond by expressing suppressor proteins that interfe... | Background RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which the introduction of dsRNAs into cells leads to inactivation of expression of genes containing homologous sequences by sequence-specific degradation of mRNA (for reviews see [ 1 , 2 ]). RNAi has been observed in a variety of organisms, including fruit fly, nematod... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517504.xml |
555737 | CyProQuant-PCR: a real time RT-PCR technique for profiling human cytokines, based on external RNA standards, readily automatable for clinical use | Background Real-time PCR is becoming a common tool for detecting and quantifying expression profiling of selected genes. Cytokines mRNA quantification is widely used in immunological research to dissect the early steps of immune responses or pathophysiological pathways. It is also growing to be of clinical relevancy to... | Background Cytokines are a family of low-molecular weight proteins secreted by various cell types, with pleiotropic functions and constitute a tightly regulated network that plays a central role in the immune system. Cytokines, classified into different groups such as interleukins (IL), interferons (IFN), colony-stimul... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555737.xml |
529429 | Blinding Trachoma: A Disease of Poverty | Trachoma accounts for 15% of blindness worldwide, affecting the world's poorest communities. How can the disease be controlled? | Trachoma is almost exclusively a disease of poor families and communities living in developing countries. It accounts for 15% of blindness worldwide—around 6 million people [ 1 ]. Although the disease is avoidable, it continues to blind. With so few voices speaking out on behalf of people affected by trachoma, it remai... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529429.xml |
544835 | Isolated low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C): implications of global risk reduction. Case report and systematic scientific review | Background The importance of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated non HDL-C (as part of the metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus), and an isolated low HDL-C is rapidly emerging. The antiatherosclerotic roles of reverse cholesterol transport and the pleiotropic antioxidant ... | Case presentation MRH, a 53-year-old Caucasian male (physician) developed an acute inferior myocardial infarction (MI) associated with bradycardia and occasional PVCs. Emergency medication included aspirin, nitroglycerin and a bolus of TPA. The cardiology team preformed PCTA at the site of near complete blockage of the... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544835.xml |
368160 | Taste Perception: Cracking the Code | Our sense of taste begins with taste buds and ends in the brain. Researchers are beginning to unravel the mechanisms and connections that lie in between | The ability to taste food is a life-and-death matter. Failure to recognise food with a high enough caloric content could mean a slow death from malnutrition. Failure to detect a poison could result in near-instant expiration. And now, as researchers begin to understand some of the nuts and bolts of taste perception, it... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC368160.xml |
550667 | Assessment of atrial regional and global electromechanical function by tissue velocity echocardiography: a feasibility study on healthy individuals | Background The appropriate evaluation of atrial electrical function is only possible by means of invasive electrophysiology techniques, which are expensive and therefore not suitable for widespread use. Mechanical atrial function is mainly determined from atrial volumes and volume-derived indices that are load-dependen... | Introduction The enlargement of left atrial (LA) diameter is associated with cardiovascular disease and is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation, stroke and death. [ 1 - 6 ] LA function reliably predicts exercise capacity in patients with recent myocardial infarction[ 7 ] or non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy[ 8 ] and... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC550667.xml |
548955 | Facts from Text—Is Text Mining Ready to Deliver? | The mining of information from scientific literature using computational tools has tremendous potential for knowledge discovery, but how close are we to realizing this potential? | Biological databases offer access to formalized facts about many aspects of biology—genes and gene products, protein structure, metabolic pathways, diseases, organisms, and so on. These databases are becoming increasingly important to researchers. The information that populates databases is generated by research teams ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548955.xml |
368174 | Neandertals Likely Kept Their Genes to Themselves | xx | Scientists searching for clues to our origins have long relied on studying fossils to piece together our evolutionary history. Now, with the tools of molecular genetics, they can reach beyond morphological evidence to retrieve traces of DNA preserved in the remnants of bone. And in these ancient DNA sequences, they're ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC368174.xml |
528723 | Parallel Chemical Genetic and Genome-Wide RNAi Screens Identify Cytokinesis Inhibitors and Targets | Cytokinesis involves temporally and spatially coordinated action of the cell cycle and cytoskeletal and membrane systems to achieve separation of daughter cells. To dissect cytokinesis mechanisms it would be useful to have a complete catalog of the proteins involved, and small molecule tools for specifically inhibiting... | Introduction Small molecule inhibitors are useful tools for studying dynamic biological processes. Compared to mutations and RNA interference (RNAi), cell-permeable small molecules allow inhibition of protein function with precise temporal control, and may also spur development of new therapeutics. One approach to find... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC528723.xml |
551592 | Anaphylatoxin C3a receptors in asthma | The complement system forms the central core of innate immunity but also mediates a variety of inflammatory responses. Anaphylatoxin C3a, which is generated as a byproduct of complement activation, has long been known to activate mast cells, basophils and eosinophils and to cause smooth muscle contraction. However, the... | Role of complement system in the development of asthma Asthma, a complex airway inflammatory disease, is characterized by bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and remodeling. Current consensus suggests that T H 2 cytokine producing T cells, mast cells and ASM cells play central roles in the pathogenesi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551592.xml |
546005 | Context-dependent selection of visuomotor maps | Background Behavior results from the integration of ongoing sensory signals and contextual information in various forms, such as past experience, expectations, current goals, etc. Thus, the response to a specific stimulus, say the ringing of a doorbell, varies depending on whether you are at home or in someone else's h... | Background The concept of a direct, one-to-one association between a sensory stimulus and a motor response has been strongly influential in neuroscience [ 1 ]. Such associations may be quite complex; for instance, monkeys can learn visuomotor mappings based on arbitrary rules [ 2 - 4 ]. But from a mechanistic point of ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546005.xml |
517712 | A robust, low- to medium-throughput prnp genotyping system in sheep | Background In many countries breeding programs for resistance to scrapie in sheep are established. Therefore, the demand on genotyping capacities of the polymorphisms of the prion protein gene ( prnp ) relevant to presently known disease associations and EU regulations is steadily increasing. Most published typing meth... | Background Scrapie is a contagious prion disease [ 1 ] of sheep and goat. In contrast to BSE, there is no evidence for a transmission to humans. Nevertheless, BSE is experimentally transmittable to sheep and the resulting disease can not be distinguished from scrapie [ 2 , 3 ]. Even though BSE has not been found in far... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517712.xml |
545054 | Can the concepts of depression and quality of life be integrated using a time perspective? | Background Little is understood about the conceptual relationship of depression and quality of life (QoL). Judgments concerning both, implicitly or explicitly, involve a time perspective. The aim of this study was to test de Leval's theoretical model linking depression and QoL with a time perspective. The model predict... | Background Assessment of quality of life (QoL) has become increasingly important in health care, particularly as an evaluative method to measure outcomes of the impact of disease and interventions. To date it is unclear how research on QoL relates to other psychological constructs such as depression and anxiety. Many c... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545054.xml |
521075 | Comparative genomics of cyclin-dependent kinases suggest co-evolution of the RNAP II C-terminal domain and CTD-directed CDKs | Background Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a large family of proteins that function in a variety of key regulatory pathways in eukaryotic cells, including control over the cell cycle and gene transcription. Among the most important and broadly studied of these roles is reversible phosphorylation of the C-terminal d... | Background Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) belong to a large protein family with 13 members described so far in human cells including CDKs1-11, along with PCTAIRE and PFTAIRE kinases named after conserved domain sequences [ 1 ]. These kinases are essential for cell cycle progression, and also are involved in control of... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521075.xml |
533868 | ESTIMA, a tool for EST management in a multi-project environment | Background Single-pass, partial sequencing of complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries generates thousands of chromatograms that are processed into high quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs), and then assembled into contigs representative of putative genes. Usually, to be of value, ESTs and contigs must be associated with m... | Background Expressed sequence tag (EST) collections represent partial descriptions of the transcribed portions of genomes. They are generated from single-pass cDNA library sequencing that is often carried out by small or mid-size sequencing centers and research groups. The research may be aimed at transcriptome express... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC533868.xml |
514569 | The ECOS-16 questionnaire for the evaluation of health related quality of life in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis | Background The aim of this study is to validate the questionnaire ECOS-16 (Assessment of health related quality of life in osteoporosis) for the evaluation of health related quality of life (HRQoL) in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods An observational, prospective and multi-centre study was carried out a... | Background Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mass and a deterioration in bone tissue micro-architecture, leading to increasing bone weakness and consequently risk of fracture. The most common clinical complications of osteoporosis are hip fracture, vertebral deformity and wrist fracture. According to bone densi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514569.xml |
555535 | Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) 19K protein belongs to a class of cysteine rich proteins that suppress RNA silencing | Amino acid sequence analyses indicate that the Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) 19K protein is a cysteine-rich protein (CRP) and shares sequence homology with CRPs derived from furo-, hordei-, peclu- and tobraviruses. Since the hordei- and pecluvirus CRPs were shown to be pathogenesis factors and/or suppressors of ... | Background Viruses survive in their hosts either by evading or countering host defenses. Viral evasion is a passive mechanism by which viruses overwhelm host defenses, or invade organs or cells where the host defenses cannot reach them. The ability of a virus to counter host defenses requires an active mechanism to eit... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555535.xml |
406390 | Ras and Gpa2 Mediate One Branch of a Redundant Glucose Signaling Pathway in Yeast | Addition of glucose to starved yeast cells elicits a dramatic restructuring of the transcriptional and metabolic state of the cell. While many components of the signaling network responsible for this response have been identified, a comprehensive view of this network is lacking. We have used global analysis of gene exp... | Introduction Complex intracellular networks inform a cell's developmental and growth decisions in response to external nutrients or signaling molecules. Defining the topology of such networks has generally relied on combinations of genetic epistasis and biochemical techniques to establish the linear order of components... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC406390.xml |
524482 | Control and maintenance of mammalian cell size: Response | A response to Cooper S: Control and maintenance of mammalian cell size. BMC Cell Biol 2004, 5 :35 | Stephen Cooper was kind enough to send to us an original draft of his paper that now appears in BMC Cell Biology [ 1 ]. Although we have exchanged a number of e-mails with him in attempt to clarify points of confusion and disagreement, he continues to tilt at windmills and attack straw men. This is discouraging. His pa... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524482.xml |
555938 | Quantitative inference of dynamic regulatory pathways via microarray data | Background The cellular signaling pathway (network) is one of the main topics of organismic investigations. The intracellular interactions between genes in a signaling pathway are considered as the foundation of functional genomics. Thus, what genes and how much they influence each other through transcriptional binding... | Background Biological phenomena at different organismic levels have revealed some sophisticated systematic architectures of cellular and physiological activities implicitly. These architectures were built upon the biochemical processes before the emergence of proteome and transcriptome [ 1 - 3 ]. Under the molecular ma... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555938.xml |
520814 | cDNA array-CGH profiling identifies genomic alterations specific to stage and MYCN-amplification in neuroblastoma | Background Recurrent non-random genomic alterations are the hallmarks of cancer and the characterization of these imbalances is critical to our understanding of tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Results We performed array-comparative genomic hybridization (A-CGH) on cDNA microarrays containing 42,000 elements in ne... | Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common pediatric solid tumors, and accounts for 7–10% of all childhood cancers. The prognosis of patients with NB varies according to the stage, age and MYCN amplification status. Stage 1 disease is essentially curable, whereas patients with stage 4 disease, in particula... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520814.xml |
423138 | Functional Fluorescent Ca2+ Indicator Proteins in Transgenic Mice under TET Control | Genetically encoded fluorescent calcium indicator proteins (FCIPs) are promising tools to study calcium dynamics in many activity-dependent molecular and cellular processes. Great hopes—for the measurement of population activity, in particular—have therefore been placed on calcium indicators derived from the green fluo... | Introduction Central to the study of neuronal networks is the simultaneous measurement of activity at many locations. While important results have been obtained using multiple patch recordings ( Stuart et al. 1993 ; Markram 1997 ; Markram et al. 1997 ) and microelectrode arrays ( Meister et al. 1994 ), patch recordings... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423138.xml |
556014 | Phosphorylation of HIV Tat by PKR increases interaction with TAR RNA and enhances transcription | Background The interferon (IFN)-induced, dsRNA-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase, PKR, plays a key regulatory role in the IFN-mediated anti-viral response by blocking translation in the infected cell by phosphorylating the alpha subunit of elongation factor 2 (eIF2). The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV... | Background Since its isolation in 1983 [ 1 , 2 ], human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) continues to cause 5 million new infections each year, and since the beginning of the epidemic, 31 million people have died as a result of HIV/AIDS [ 3 ]. One of the major mechanisms employed by the immune system to counteract... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC556014.xml |
546207 | Severe falciparum malaria in Gabonese children: clinical and laboratory features | Background Malaria continues to claim one to two million lives a year, mainly those of children in sub-Saharan Africa. Reduction in mortality depends, in part, on improving the quality of hospital care, the training of healthcare workers and improvements in public health. This study examined the prognostic indicators o... | Introduction Each year 500 million infections and up to 2.7 millions deaths are attributable to malaria [ 1 ], about 90% of these deaths occur in children in sub-Saharan Africa [ 2 ]. Eighty percent of the deaths occur during the first 24 hours following admission [ 3 - 5 ]. Despite a better understanding of pathophysi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546207.xml |
514541 | Retrieving sequences of enzymes experimentally characterized but erroneously annotated : the case of the putrescine carbamoyltransferase | Background Annotating genomes remains an hazardous task. Mistakes or gaps in such a complex process may occur when relevant knowledge is ignored, whether lost, forgotten or overlooked. This paper exemplifies an approach which could help to ressucitate such meaningful data. Results We show that a set of closely related ... | Background As a consequence of the deluge of completely sequenced genomes belonging to a large array of species, one can expect to identify many homologues of enzymes which have been previously well studied at the experimental level. This seems to be the general rule and the public sequence databanks (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514541.xml |
524496 | Description and evaluation of an EBM curriculum using a block rotation | Background While previous authors have emphasized the importance of integrating and reinforcing evidence-based medicine (EBM) skills in residency, there are few published examples of such curricula. We designed an EBM curriculum to train family practice interns in essential EBM skills for information mastery using clin... | Background Evidence-based medicine (EBM) strives to provide a systematic approach to integrating the best research evidence with clinician expertise and patient preferences to provide better patient care [ 1 ]. While the potential for answering clinical questions using online resources is high [ 2 ], a recent study fou... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524496.xml |
514555 | The National Women's Health Study: assembly and description of a population-based reproductive cohort | Background Miscarriage is a common event but is remarkably difficult to measure in epidemiological studies. Few large-scale population-based studies have been conducted in the UK. Methods This was a population-based two-stage postal survey of reproductive histories of adult women living in the United Kingdom in 2001, s... | Background Despite improvements in obstetric care in the UK over the past fifty years, it is estimated that around one in five pregnancies will end in miscarriage (fetal death before 24 weeks) [ 1 , 2 ]. The personal and public health impact of pregnancy loss is a neglected area in medical research and strategies of pr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514555.xml |
545068 | Design and validation of the Health Professionals' Attitudes Toward the Homeless Inventory (HPATHI) | Background Recent literature has called for humanistic care of patients and for medical schools to begin incorporating humanism into medical education. To assess the attitudes of health-care professionals toward homeless patients and to demonstrate how those attitudes might impact optimal care, we developed and validat... | Background In 2003, the Department of Health and Human Services reported that there are between two to three million people in the United States who experience homelessness each year [ 1 ]. According to Gelberg and Arangua [ 2 ], such estimates provide only a partial picture of the problem: among the U.S. population, 1... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545068.xml |
526281 | Effectiveness of behavioural graded activity compared with physiotherapy treatment in chronic neck pain: design of a randomised clinical trial [ISRCTN88733332] | Background Chronic neck pain is a common complaint in the Netherlands with a point prevalence of 14.3%. Patients with chronic neck pain are often referred to a physiotherapist and, although many treatments are available, it remains unclear which type of treatment is to be preferred. The objective of this article is to ... | Background Prevalence and incidence Neck pain is a common complaint that causes substantial morbidity in western countries with a reported prevalence ranging from 9.5 to 22% [ 1 , 2 ]. Of all musculoskeletal pains in the Netherlands, neck pain is one of the three most reported with a point prevalence of 21%; it is more... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526281.xml |
535570 | Francis Crick's Legacy for Neuroscience: Between the α and the Ω | The legacy of Francis Crick is explored by two scientists who were influenced by his work | ‘You’, your joys and your sorrows, your memories and your ambitions, your sense of personal identity and free will, are in fact no more than the behavior of a vast assembly of nerve cells…” — Crick (1994, p. 3) Francis Crick was an evangelical atheist. He believed that scientific understanding removed the need for reli... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535570.xml |
517706 | MUSCLE: a multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity | Background In a previous paper, we introduced MUSCLE, a new program for creating multiple alignments of protein sequences, giving a brief summary of the algorithm and showing MUSCLE to achieve the highest scores reported to date on four alignment accuracy benchmarks. Here we present a more complete discussion of the al... | Background Multiple alignments of protein sequences are important in many applications, including phylogenetic tree estimation, secondary structure prediction and critical residue identification. Many multiple sequence alignment (MSA) algorithms have been proposed; for a recent review, see [ 1 ]. Two attributes of MSA ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517706.xml |
534108 | A systematic review of the effectiveness of antimicrobial rinse-free hand sanitizers for prevention of illness-related absenteeism in elementary school children | Background Absenteeism due to communicable illness is a major problem encountered by North American elementary school children. Although handwashing is a proven infection control measure, barriers exist in the school environment, which hinder compliance to this routine. Currently, alternative hand hygiene techniques ar... | Background With the recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), a newly discovered infectious disease, the importance of primary infection control measures have been highlighted [ 1 , 2 ]. Routine handwashing with soap and water has been cited by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being " the most... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534108.xml |
517935 | Effects of age and leg length upon central loop of the Gastrocnemius-soleus H-reflex latency | Background central loop of the gastrocnemius-soleus H-reflex latency (T c ) that looks promising in the diagnosis of S1 radiculopathy; has been investigated in a few studies and only two of them have focused on the constitutional factors affecting it. Although leg length has been shown to contribute to the T c , the ro... | Background The H-Reflex evaluates S 1 radiculopathy [ 1 ]. The measured latency, however, is neither specific nor sensitive for S 1 spinal nerve disease, as it traverses a long pathway. Pease et al [ 2 ] were the first who described the central loop of the gastrocnemius-soleus H-Reflex latency (Central S 1 loop latency... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517935.xml |
520828 | Aspergillus antigen induces robust Th2 cytokine production, inflammation, airway hyperreactivity and fibrosis in the absence of MCP-1 or CCR2 | Background Asthma is characterized by type 2 T-helper cell (Th2) inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, airway hyperreactivity, and airway fibrosis. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or CCL2) and its receptor, CCR2, have been shown to play important roles in the development of Th2 inflammation. CCR2-deficient m... | Background Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, also known as CCL2) and its receptor, CCR2, have been the focus of intense interest due to increasing awareness of their association with debilitating human diseases, including asthma [ 1 - 3 ] and pulmonary fibrosis [ 4 - 7 ]. Since MCP-1 attracts and activates a v... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520828.xml |
545939 | The 1999 international emergency humanitarian evacuation of the Kosovars to Canada: A qualitative study of service providers' perspectives at the international, national and local levels | Background In response to the Kosovo crisis, Canada received 5,500 Albanian Kosovar refugees in 1999 as part of the emergency humanitarian evacuation and settlement effort. This study attempts to describe the experiences of service providers at the international, national, and local levels, involved in the organization... | Background The Kosovo crisis resulted in the largest population displacement in Europe since World War II. During this time, over 300,000 Albanian Kosovars were expelled from Kosovo, [ 1 ] resulting in a Complex Humanitarian Emergency. (CHE). The United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) managed a Humanitaria... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545939.xml |
545083 | A novel Mixture Model Method for identification of differentially expressed genes from DNA microarray data | Background The main goal in analyzing microarray data is to determine the genes that are differentially expressed across two types of tissue samples or samples obtained under two experimental conditions. Mixture model method (MMM hereafter) is a nonparametric statistical method often used for microarray processing appl... | Background Recently, microarray technology has provided the means for simultaneous screening and analysis of thousands of genes. Although an enormous volume of data is being produced by microarray technologies, the full potential of such technologies cannot be accessed without the ability to sift through the noisy sign... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545083.xml |
546213 | Genome-wide and Ordered-Subset linkage analyses provide support for autism loci on 17q and 19p with evidence of phenotypic and interlocus genetic correlates | Background Autism is a neurobehavioral spectrum of phenotypes characterized by deficits in the development of language and social relationships and patterns of repetitive, rigid and compulsive behaviors. Twin and family studies point to a significant genetic etiology, and several groups have performed genomic linkage s... | Background Autism (OMIM # 209850) is a neurobehavioral disorder involving deficits in language and social abilities and patterns of repetitive behaviors, restricted interests and resistance to change. The most recent estimate of population prevalence for the broader autism spectrum indicates a rate of 34/10,000 (~1/300... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546213.xml |
535564 | The association of patient trust and self-care among patients with diabetes mellitus | Background Diabetes requires significant alterations to lifestyle and completion of self management tasks to obtain good control of disease. The objective of this study was to determine if patient trust is associated with reduced difficulty and hassles in altering lifestyle and completing self care tasks. Methods A cro... | Background Diabetes mellitus is a disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality [ 1 , 2 ]. Patients with diabetes have higher rates of coronary artery disease, retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy [ 1 ]. Many of these complications can be prevented with appropriate medical care[ 3 , 4 ] This care, howe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535564.xml |
509289 | Cellular Immune Response to Parasitization in Drosophila Requires the EBF Orthologue Collier | Drosophila immune response involves three types of hemocytes (‘blood cells’). One cell type, the lamellocyte, is induced to differentiate only under particular conditions, such as parasitization by wasps. Here, we have investigated the mechanisms underlying the specification of lamellocytes. We first show that collier ... | Introduction Hematopoiesis in Drosophila shares several features with the analogous process in vertebrates. A first population of embryonic hemocyte precursors (prohemocytes) is specified from the head mesoderm very early during embryogenesis. At the end of larval stages and the onset of metamorphosis, a second populat... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509289.xml |
387823 | Emergence of a Peaceful Culture in Wild Baboons | null | For most animal species, behavioral attributes are largely the product of interactions between genes and environment, with behavioral patterns preserved by natural selection. Birds, for example, know instinctively what type of nest to build for their offspring; salamanders don't need lessons to swim. But when it comes ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC387823.xml |
535558 | Use of the bootstrap in analysing cost data from cluster randomised trials: some simulation results | Background This work has investigated under what conditions confidence intervals around the differences in mean costs from a cluster RCT are suitable for estimation using a commonly used cluster-adjusted bootstrap in preference to methods that utilise the Huber-White robust estimator of variance. The bootstrap's main a... | Background The greater complexity of cluster randomised controlled trials (RCTs) compared with their individually randomised counterparts has led to much methodological work concerning their design and analysis[ 1 ]. However, the analysis of cost data from these trials has received little attention to date. The concept... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535558.xml |
533883 | Rate of first recorded diagnosis of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders in United Kingdom general practice, 1988 to 2001 | Background There has been concern that the incidence of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) is increasing. Previous studies have been smaller, restricted to autism (excluding other pervasive developmental disorders such as Asperger's syndrome), included boys only, or have not been based on a natio... | Background The term pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) refers to a range of disorders with onset in childhood characterised by abnormalities in the domains of language development, communication abilities and social interactions and by a rigid, repetitive pattern of behaviours and interests [ 1 ]. Within PDDs, auti... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC533883.xml |
535560 | S-adenosylmethionine (SAM-e) for the treatment of depression in people living with HIV/AIDS | Background This study reports on clinical data from an 8-week open-label study of 20 HIV-seropositive individuals, diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (DSM-IV), who were treated with SAM-e (S-Adenosylmethionine). SAM-e may be a treatment alternative for the management of depression in a population reluctant to add... | Background The incidence of depression in people living with HIV (PLWH) has consistently been reported to be higher than the 12–15% rates reported for the general population [ 1 ]. Depression in this population is largely untreated. Estimates suggest that this comorbid condition of HIV affects 10% – 50% of PLWH [ 2 ]. ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535560.xml |
535548 | Merkel cell carcinoma in a malignant pleural effusion: case report | Background Merkel cell (neuroendocrine) carcinoma is a small round blue cell malignant neoplasm that primarily presents in the skin. The diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma in a pleural fluid is challenging because of the morphological similarity to many other malignant neoplasms. Immunohistochemical stains can be essen... | Background The Merkel cell is the namesake of an F. Merkel who in 1875 described distinct round cells in the basal layer of the epidermis [ 1 ]. The distinctive Merkel cell with its round shape and salt and pepper chromatin is known to be present in the epidermis and dermis [ 2 ]. Toker first described Merkel cell carc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535548.xml |
517925 | An imaging system for standardized quantitative analysis of C. elegans behavior | Background The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is widely used for the genetic analysis of neuronal cell biology, development, and behavior. Because traditional methods for evaluating behavioral phenotypes are qualitative and imprecise, there is a need for tools that allow quantitation and standardization of C. elegans ... | Background The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is among the most widely studied genetically-tractable experimental organisms. C. elegans is a soil-dwelling animal with a relatively simple and extremely well characterized anatomy; an adult hermaphrodite, for example, contains exactly 959 somatic cells, each with an iden... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517925.xml |
526256 | The ProActive trial protocol – a randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of a family-based, domiciliary intervention programme to increase physical activity among individuals at high risk of diabetes [ISRCTN61323766] | Background Increasing prevalence of obesity and disorders associated with sedentary living constitute a major global public health problem. While previous evaluations of interventions to increase physical activity have involved communities or individuals with established disease, less attention has been given to interv... | Background This trial addresses the rise in the burden of disease associated with sedentary living: a major public health problem. Physical inactivity accounts for up to 11.7% of all deaths in developed countries [ 1 ] and it has been causally associated with coronary heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis and some canc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526256.xml |
509299 | Retroviral DNA Integration: ASLV, HIV, and MLV Show Distinct Target Site Preferences | The completion of the human genome sequence has made possible genome-wide studies of retroviral DNA integration. Here we report an analysis of 3,127 integration site sequences from human cells. We compared retroviral vectors derived from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), avian sarcoma-leukosis virus (ASLV), and murin... | Introduction Retroviral replication requires reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome and integration of the resulting DNA copy into a chromosome of the host cell. A topic of long standing interest has been the chromosomal and nuclear features dictating the location of integration target sites (reviewed in Coffin ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509299.xml |
517931 | Opioid modulation of GABA release in the rat inferior colliculus | Background The inferior colliculus, which receives almost all ascending and descending auditory signals, plays a crucial role in the processing of auditory information. While the majority of the recorded activities in the inferior colliculus are attributed to GABAergic and glutamatergic signalling, other neurotransmitt... | Background Sounds are first converted into neuronal signals in the inner ear and then conveyed to the cerebral cortex via a number of discrete brain areas including the inferior colliculus. Each of these areas receives ascending pathways carrying signals from one or both ears and descending pathways from higher brain c... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517931.xml |
544399 | Audit of therapeutic interventions in inpatient children using two scores: are they evidence-based in developing countries? | Background The evidence base of clinical interventions in paediatric hospitals of developing countries has not been formally assessed. We performed this study to determine the proportion of evidence-based therapeutic interventions in a paediatric referral hospital of a developing country Methods The medical records of ... | Background Previous studies have shown that medical interventions based on scientific evidence range from 10 to 80% [ 1 - 4 ]. These studies were performed in a broad spectrum of patients and settings in developed countries. In paediatric practice, the proportion of evidence based interventions reported ranges from 75 ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544399.xml |
535574 | Mathematics Is Biology's Next Microscope, Only Better; Biology Is Mathematics' Next Physics, Only Better | Joel Cohen offers a historical and prospective analysis of the relationship between mathematics and biology | Although mathematics has long been intertwined with the biological sciences, an explosive synergy between biology and mathematics seems poised to enrich and extend both fields greatly in the coming decades ( Levin 1992 ; Murray 1993 ; Jungck 1997 ; Hastings et al. 2003 ; Palmer et al. 2003 ; Hastings and Palmer 2003 ).... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535574.xml |
545044 | Dynamic changes of serum SARS-Coronavirus IgG, pulmonary function and radiography in patients recovering from SARS after hospital discharge | Objective The intent of this study was to examine the recovery of individuals who had been hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the year following their discharge from the hospital. Parameters studied included serum levels of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) IgG antibody, tests of lung function, and ... | Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a new infectious disease in humans. The first victim of SARS to be diagnosed was a businessman from the city of Foshan in Guangdong Province, China. SARS patients may present with a spectrum of symptoms and signs, ranging from relatively asymptomatic to fulminant... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545044.xml |
545050 | Decreased gene expression from T7 promoters may be due to impaired production of active T7 RNA polymerase | Background Protein expression vectors that utilize the bacteriophage T7 polymerase/promoter system are capable of very high levels of protein production. Frequently, however, expression from these vectors does not reliably achieve optimal levels of protein production. Strategies have been proposed previously that succe... | Background Often the first step in protein purification is production of the protein of interest in Escherichia coli using a gene expression system that allows selective overexpression of a cloned gene [ 1 ]. In the most desirable situation, expression of the cloned gene will consume the majority of the cellular resour... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545050.xml |
533878 | A survey of individual preference for colorectal cancer screening technique | Background Due to the low participation in colorectal cancer screening, public preference for colorectal cancer screening modality was determined. Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed of healthy ambulatory adults in a pediatrics primary care office and neighboring church. Overall preference was ranked for eac... | Background Screening for colorectal cancer lessens the risk of dying from that disease [ 1 ]. Knowledge of this fact has not solved all the problems related to screening. The optimal modality of screening is still the subject of debate [ 1 - 3 ]. More problematic is the very low participation of the general public in r... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC533878.xml |
524479 | RNA integrity as a quality indicator during the first steps of RNP purifications : A comparison of yeast lysis methods | Background The completion of several genome-sequencing projects has increased our need to assign functions to newly identified genes. The presence of a specific protein domain has been used as the determinant for suggesting a function for these new genes. In the case of proteins that are predicted to interact with mRNA... | Background Genome analyses of a range of organisms have lead to the identification of an increasing number of putative RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) whose function is still unknown. RBPs have been found to act as integral part of ribonucleoparticles (RNPs) controlling gene expression at different levels [ 1 ]. RNPs are i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524479.xml |
520810 | Endoplasmic reticulum degradation impedes olfactory G-protein coupled receptor functional expression | Background Research on olfactory G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been severely impeded by poor functional expression in heterologous systems. Previously, we demonstrated that inefficient olfactory receptor (OR) expression at the plasma membrane is attributable, in part, to degradation of endoplasmic reticulum (... | Background The sense of smell originates in the olfactory epithelium when olfactory receptors (ORs), members of the seven transmembrane domain G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, bind odorant ligands [ 1 , 2 ]. Despite identification of the first constituents of the ~1000 member OR superfamily over a decade ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520810.xml |
546217 | Lymphocyte subsets in hemophilic patients with hepatitis C virus infection with or without human immunodeficiency virus co-infection: a nested cross-sectional study | Background With chronic infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA can be detected in B cells and associated with B-cell disorders, but these are not well defined. Methods The relationship between HCV infection and lymphocyte subpopulations was evaluated rigorously in 120 asymptomatic hemophilic patients, randomly selected... | Background The natural history of hepatic C virus (HCV) infection may include B-cell diseases. HCV can be detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and may also replicate in these cells [ 1 - 3 ]. Type II cryogloblinemia and some non-Hodgkin lymphomas have been linked to HCV [ 4 ], but links between B cell... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546217.xml |
545078 | Visualization of comparative genomic analyses by BLAST score ratio | Background The first microbial genome sequence, Haemophilus influenzae , was published in 1995. Since then, more than 400 microbial genome sequences have been completed or commenced. This massive influx of data provides the opportunity to obtain biological insights through comparative genomics. However few tools are av... | Background In the decade since the publication of the Haemophilus influenzae genome sequence in 1995 [ 1 ], 191 microbial genomes have been completed, with another 276 in progress [ 2 ]; as of October 14, 2004). Multiple strains of the same organism, or multiple species of the same genus are being sequenced or have bee... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545078.xml |
514545 | Publication bias in situ | Background Publication bias, as typically defined, refers to the decreased likelihood of studies' results being published when they are near the null, not statistically significant, or otherwise "less interesting." But choices about how to analyze the data and which results to report create a publication bias within th... | Background A study is more likely to appear in the literature, and thus be indexed and publicly available, if it shows a strong, statistically significant, or otherwise "better" result. A study that does not show such results has a greater chance of remaining hidden in a file drawer, either because the author (or funde... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514545.xml |
524492 | Cytotoxicity of psammaplin A from a two-sponge association may correlate with the inhibition of DNA replication | Background SV40 DNA replication system is a very useful tool to understand the mechanism of replication, which is a tightly regulated process. Many environmental and cellular factors can induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis by inhibiting DNA replication. In the course of our search for bioactive metabolites from the m... | Background DNA replication in eukaryotic cells is a tightly regulated process [ 1 ]. The regulation of DNA replication is central to understanding the regulation of cell cycle and virus proliferation, events that have a direct impact on our understanding human disease. One critical component of cell cycle regulation is... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524492.xml |
517716 | Protein p16 as a marker of dysplastic and neoplastic alterations in cervical epithelial cells | Background Cervical carcinomas are second most frequent type of women cancer. Success in diagnostics of this disease is due to the use of Pap-test (cytological smear analysis). However Pap-test gives significant portion of both false-positive and false-negative conclusions. Amendments of the diagnostic procedure are de... | Background Cervical cancer makes up about 10–12% of total women cancers [ 1 , 2 ] with the level of mortality in Russian population 5.0 per 100000 [ 1 ]. The tendency is being observed for the past decades towards reduction of both incidence and mortality. It is mainly due to the population-wide screening protocols in ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517716.xml |
544400 | Transfer of Health for All policy – What, how and in which direction? A two-case study | Background This article explores the transfer of World Health Organization's (WHO) policy initiative Health for All by the Year 2000 (HFA2000) into national contexts by using the changes in the public health policies of Finland and Portugal from the 1970's onward and the relationship of these changes to WHO policy deve... | Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) launched a policy framework called Health for All by the Year 2000 (HFA2000), in 1978, and has since then been advocating this framework for health policy making to all its member states [ 1 , 2 ]. This paper explores the transfer of HFA policy into national contexts by ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544400.xml |
551596 | Critical role of hnRNP A1 in HTLV-1 replication in human transformed T lymphocytes | Background In this study, we have examined the role of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) in viral gene expression in T lymphocytes transformed by HTLV-1. Results We have previously observed that hnRNP A1 (A1) down-modulates the post transcriptional activity of Rex protein of HTLV-1. Here, we tested ... | Background The human T cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 is the etiologic agent of adult T cell leukemia (ATL), an aggressive and fatal leukemia of CD4+ T lymphocytes [ 1 , 2 ] and is also associated with a neurological demyelinating disease, tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) or HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551596.xml |
514551 | DMBT1 expression is down-regulated in breast cancer | Background We studied the expression of DMBT1 (deleted in malignant brain tumor 1), a putative tumor suppressor gene, in normal, proliferative, and malignant breast epithelium and its possible relation to cell cycle. Methods Sections from 17 benign lesions and 55 carcinomas were immunostained with anti DMBT1 antibody (... | Background DMBT1 (Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumor) at chromosome 10q25.3–26.1, was considered a tumour suppressor gene because frequent deletions and/or lack of expression had been found in malignant tumours of the brain [ 1 - 3 ], the gastrointestinal tract [ 4 , 5 ], and the lung [ 6 , 7 ]. However, recent evidence ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514551.xml |
368170 | Genome Sequence of the Intracellular Bacterium Wolbachia | null | Wolbachia have a thing against males. A member of one of the most diverse groups of bacteria, called Proteobacteria, this parasitic “endosymbiont” lives inside the reproductive cells of a wide variety of the nearly 1 million species of arthropods, including insects, spiders, and crustaceans. It has also been found in w... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC368170.xml |
521071 | Seasonal ovulatory activity exists in tropical Creole female goats and Black Belly ewes subjected to a temperate photoperiod | Background Seasonality of ovulatory activity is observed in European sheep and goat breeds, whereas tropical breeds show almost continuous ovulatory activity. It is not known if these tropical breeds are sensitive or not to temperate photoperiod. This study was therefore designed to determine whether tropical Creole go... | Background Seasonality of reproduction is a common feature in sheep and goat breeds of temperate latitudes [ 1 , 2 ] and seems to have been present for millennia in the sheep and goat breeding systems [ 3 ]. The annual breeding season begins in summer in Ile-de-France ewes and in autumn in Alpine goats and ends in wint... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521071.xml |
528727 | Weight loss dynamics during combined fluoxetine and olanzapine treatment | Background Fluoxetine and olanzapine combination therapy is rapidly becoming an effective strategy for managing symptoms of treatment-resistant depression. Determining drug-drug interactions, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics is of particular interest for revealing potential liabilities associated with drug augmenta... | Background Treatment-resistant depression is a serious issue in psychiatry as a significant number of affected individuals show an inadequate response to single antidepressant therapy. An emerging strategy to achieve maximum mood stabilization for treatment-resistant depression, bipolar illness and depression with psyc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC528727.xml |
538252 | Which is the best lipid-modifying strategy in metabolic syndrome and diabetes: fibrates, statins or both? | Although less clinical intervention studies have been performed with fibrates than with statins, there are evidences indicating that fibrates may reduce risk of cardiovascular events. The potential clinical benefit of the fenofibrate will be specified by the ongoing Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabet... | Due to their beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR's) alpha agonists (fibrates) are good potential candidates for reducing the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in subjects with metabolic syndrome [ 1 - 3 ]. Although less clinical intervention studies hav... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538252.xml |
548951 | Timing the Brain: Mental Chronometry as a Tool in Neuroscience | Mental chronometry, which has origins dating back over a century, seeks to measure the time course of mental operations in the human nervous system | How do we relate human thought processes to measurable events in the brain? Mental chronometry, which has origins that date back more than a century, seeks to measure the time course of mental operations in the human nervous system [ 1 ]. From the late 1800s until 1950, the field was built almost entirely around a sing... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548951.xml |
529439 | A touchdown nucleic acid amplification protocol as an alternative to culture backup for immunofluorescence in the routine diagnosis of acute viral respiratory tract infections | Background Immunofluorescence and virus culture are the main methods used to diagnose acute respiratory virus infections. Diagnosing these infections using nucleic acid amplification presents technical challenges, one of which is facilitating the different optimal annealing temperatures needed for each virus. To overco... | Background Acute respiratory tract infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality. In 2000, lower respiratory tract infections were globally the number one infectious cause of disability adjusted life-years [ 1 ]. The commonest respiratory viruses that cause acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections an... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529439.xml |
546203 | A primary care, multi-disciplinary disease management program for opioid-treated patients with chronic non-cancer pain and a high burden of psychiatric comorbidity | Background Chronic non-cancer pain is a common problem that is often accompanied by psychiatric comorbidity and disability. The effectiveness of a multi-disciplinary pain management program was tested in a 3 month before and after trial. Methods Providers in an academic general medicine clinic referred patients with ch... | Background Chronic, non-cancer pain, defined as pain of greater than 3 months duration, is a common, important health issue. The prevalence of chronic pain ranges from 20% to 60% [ 1 ]. The prevalance of low back pain is greater than 30%[ 2 ], and the prevalance of migraine is approximately 15%[ 3 , 4 ]. Pain disorders... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546203.xml |
551541 | An ontology for cell types | An ontology for cell types that covers the prokaryotic, fungal, animal and plant worlds is described. It includes over 680 cell types. These cell types are classified under several generic categories and are organized as a directed acyclic graph. | Background One of the most challenging problems now facing the model organism databases is the formal description of phenotypic data. While some databases, for example those for mouse ( Mus musculus ) [ 1 ], corn ( Zea mays ) [ 2 ] and fruit fly ( Drosophila melanogaster ) [ 3 ], include a rich heritage of data describ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551541.xml |
368158 | Preferential Duplication of Conserved Proteins in Eukaryotic Genomes | A central goal in genome biology is to understand the origin and maintenance of genic diversity. Over evolutionary time, each gene's contribution to the genic content of an organism depends not only on its probability of long-term survival, but also on its propensity to generate duplicates that are themselves capable o... | Introduction Gene duplication is the most important source of new genes and consequently a vital source of genetic novelty ( Ohno 1970 ). Recently, the availability of completely sequenced genomes has sparked renewed attention in this subject at the genome scale. Most genomic studies of gene duplication have focused on... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC368158.xml |
524486 | Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase and methionine formation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Background Tuberculosis remains a major world-wide health threat which demands the discovery and characterisation of new drug targets in order to develop future antimycobacterials. The regeneration of methionine consumed during polyamine biosynthesis is an important pathway present in many microorganisms. The final ste... | Background Tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of worldwide mortality and morbidity, infecting an estimated 8 million people annually with approximately 2 million deaths [ 1 ]. The situation regarding the control of tuberculosis has significantly worsened over the last decades, with the spread of multidrug r... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524486.xml |
406394 | Planting the Seeds of a New Paradigm | RNA-mediated gene silencing has emerged in recent years as an important mechanism for regulating gene expression. Some of the key discoveries have been made in plants | Although the word ‘revolution’ should not be used lightly in science, there is no other way to describe the recent explosion in our awareness and understanding of RNA-mediated gene silencing pathways. The central player in RNA-mediated gene silencing is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is chopped into tiny RNAs by th... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC406394.xml |
523841 | Oats Intolerance in Celiac Disease | null | Most patients with celiac disease can eliminate their symptoms—at a price: life-long adherence to a gluten-free diet. This means no wheat, rye, barley, and, until recently, no oats. Then some recent studies suggested that oats did not cause the intestinal inflammation characteristic of the disease, and thus oats are no... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523841.xml |
314483 | Science and Technology Communication for Development | The Science and Development Network (SciDev.Net) is a source of online news and analysis about the role of science and technology in meeting the needs of the developing world | Developing countries today face a wide range of needs, from more secure food supplies to cheap and effective medicines. One factor that almost all these needs have in common is that satisfying them adequately will not occur without the use of modern science. These same countries also face a range of political dilemmas—... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC314483.xml |
515303 | Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome: Brain death following hemodialysis for metabolic acidosis and acute renal failure – A case report | Background Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is the clinical phenomenon of acute neurologic symptoms attributed to cerebral edema that occurs during or following intermittent hemodialysis (HD). We describe a case of DDS-induced cerebral edema that resulted in irreversible brain injury and death following acute HD ... | Background Acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis (HD) is a common clinical problem in critically ill patients that is independently associated with increased mortality[ 1 ]. Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is the clinical phenomenon of acute central nervous system dysfunction attributed to cerebral edema th... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515303.xml |
517500 | Race/ethnicity and disease severity in IgA nephropathy | Background Relatively few U.S.-based studies in chronic kidney disease have focused on Asian/Pacific Islanders. Clinical reports suggest that Asian/Pacific Islanders are more likely to be affected by IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and that the severity of disease is increased in these populations. Methods To explore whether t... | Background IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of glomerulonephritis (GN) worldwide [ 1 ]. Approximately 20–30% of individuals with IgAN develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by 10–20 years following diagnosis [ 2 ]. Despite the increasing recognition of IgAN as a significant cause of chronic kidney disease... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517500.xml |
538285 | Caregivers' practices, knowledge and beliefs of antibiotics in paediatric upper respiratorytract infections in Trinidad and Tobago: a cross-sectional study | Background Antibiotic overuse and misuse for upper respiratory tract infections in children is widespread and fuelled by public attitudes and expectations. This study assessed knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding antibiotic use for these paediatric infections among children's caregivers' in Trinidad and Tobago i... | Background Acute respiratory infections and diarrhoeal diseases are the leading causes of childhood mortality, resulting in 25–33% of all deaths in children in developing countries. Worldwide, antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed and abused drugs for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) [ 1 , 2 ]. In surv... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538285.xml |
544831 | Transport lattice models of heat transport in skin with spatially heterogeneous, temperature-dependent perfusion | Background Investigation of bioheat transfer problems requires the evaluation of temporal and spatial distributions of temperature. This class of problems has been traditionally addressed using the Pennes bioheat equation. Transport of heat by conduction, and by temperature-dependent, spatially heterogeneous blood perf... | Background Heat transfer in biological systems is relevant in many diagnostic and therapeutic applications that involve changes in temperature. For example, in hyperthermia the tissue temperature is elevated to 42–43°C using microwave [ 1 , 2 ], ultrasound [ 3 ], or laser light [ 4 ]. There has also been long standing ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544831.xml |
544945 | Why do we need a new journal in autoimmunity? | A new online Journal of Autoimmune Diseases is created as an independent open access journal. In addition to the obvious advantages of the open access, the Journal will practice a double-blind reviewing of the manuscripts, which means that both the reviewers and the authors remain anonymous to each other. We believe th... | Autoimmune diseases are common and can affect virtually every organ in the body. They range from organ specific diseases such as thyroiditis or type 1 diabetes to life-threatening multi-system diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and the systemic vasculitides. Clinicians from every field of medicine may encoun... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544945.xml |
340950 | Dissecting the Urge to Create | A neuropsychiatrist reviews "The Midnight Disease: The drive to write, writer's block and the creative brain" | Creative human beings are the torch-bearers of civilization. How does their creativity arise? What causes some minds/brains to achieve awe-inspiring artistic or scientific achievements? We cannot help but be fascinated by the fact that Shakespeare—a merchant's son with “small Latin and less Greek”—could emerge from the... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC340950.xml |
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