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539060 | fog-2 and the Evolution of Self-Fertile Hermaphroditism in Caenorhabditis | Somatic and germline sex determination pathways have diverged significantly in animals, making comparisons between taxa difficult. To overcome this difficulty, we compared the genes in the germline sex determination pathways of Caenorhabditis elegans and C. briggsae, two Caenorhabditis species with similar reproductive... | Introduction Sex determination is an ancient and universal feature in metazoans. In spite of this, comparison of distantly related species such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster has revealed little about the evolution of the complex pathways that mediate the sexual fate decision in the soma and germ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539060.xml |
544869 | Despite WT1 binding sites in the promoter region of human and mouse nucleoporin glycoprotein 210, WT1 does not influence expression of GP210 | Background Glycoprotein 210 (GP210) is a transmembrane component of the nuclear pore complex of metazoans, with a short carboxyterminus protruding towards the cytoplasm. Its function is unknown, but it is considered to be a major structural component of metazoan nuclear pores. Yet, our previous findings showed pronounc... | Introduction Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) provide the only known gateway for transport of RNAs to the cytoplasm and bidirectional transport of proteins between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The NPC in vertebrates has an estimated mass of approximately 125 Mda. Structural studies suggest an octagonal rotational symmet... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544869.xml |
545593 | A comprehensive transcript index of the human genome generated using microarrays and computational approaches | A combination of microarray data with extensive genome annotations resulted in a set of 28,456 experimentally supported transcripts, providing the first experiment-driven annotation of the human genome. | Background The completion of the sequencing of the human, mouse and other genomes has enabled efforts to extensively annotate these genomes using a combination of computational and experimental approaches. Generating a comprehensive list of transcripts coupled with basic information on where the different transcripts a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545593.xml |
534801 | Genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Azerbaijan | Background Plasmodium vivax , although causing a less serious disease than Plasmodium falciparum , is the most widespread of the four human malarial species. Further to the recent recrudescence of P. vivax cases in the Newly Independent States (NIS) of central Asia, a survey on the genetic diversity and dissemination i... | Introduction Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed human parasite, with an estimated burden of 70–80 million cases annually [ 1 ]. In some parts of the world (Asia, South America), it is the most prevalent form of the four human malarial parasites. Although it causes a less severe disease than Plasmodium falc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534801.xml |
555555 | Orientation determination by wavelets matching for 3D reconstruction of very noisy electron microscopic virus images | Background In order to perform a 3D reconstruction of electron microscopic images of viruses, it is necessary to determine the orientation (Euler angels) of the 2D projections of the virus. The projections containing high resolution information are usually very noisy. This paper proposes a new method, based on weighted... | Background Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of virus particles like SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus) using electron microscopy yields crucial information for understanding the assembly and infectivity mechanism. The structural determination begins with acquisition of projecti... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555555.xml |
543451 | Vitamin A deficiency and inflammatory markers among preschool children in the Republic of the Marshall Islands | Background The exclusion of individuals with elevated acute phase proteins has been advocated in order to improve prevalence estimates of vitamin A deficiency in surveys, but it is unclear whether this will lead to sampling bias. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the exclusion of individuals with elevat... | Vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among preschool children in developing countries [ 1 ]. Vitamin A, or all- trans retinol, is available as preformed vitamin A in foods such as eggs and dairy products and as provitamin A carotenoids in foods such as dark green leafy vegetables, pumpkin, a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543451.xml |
548504 | Factors associated with reporting multiple causes of death | Background There is analytical potential for multiple cause of death data collected from death certificates. This study examines relationships of multiple causes of death as a function of factors available on the death certificate (demographics of decedent, place of death, type of certifier, disposal method, whether an... | Background In their 1986 paper Israel, Rosenberg, and Curtin [ 1 ] gave a sort of rallying call for researchers to consider the analytical potential for multiple cause of death data collected by the United States National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Beginning with the implementation of the Eighth revision of t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548504.xml |
548276 | Tissue classification for the epidemiological assessment of surgical transmission of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. A proposal on hypothetical risk levels | Background Epidemiological studies on the potential role of surgery in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease transmission have disclosed associations with history of specific surgical interventions or reported negative results. Methods Within the context of a case-control study designed to address surgical risk of sporadic Creutzf... | Background Case-control research on the association between surgery and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) encompasses six studies and one meta-analysis [ 1 - 8 ], which frequently yielded diverging, partly inconsistent, positive [ 5 , 6 ] or negative [ 7 , 8 ] results, potentially attributable to methodological ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548276.xml |
548262 | A genomic island present along the bacterial chromosome of the Parachlamydiaceae UWE25, an obligate amoebal endosymbiont, encodes a potentially functional F-like conjugative DNA transfer system | Background The genome of Protochlamydia amoebophila UWE25, a Parachlamydia -related endosymbiont of free-living amoebae, was recently published, providing the opportunity to search for genomic islands (GIs). Results On the residual cumulative G+C content curve, a G+C-rich 19-kb region was observed. This sequence is par... | Background First described in 1997, Parachlamydia acanthamoebae is an obligate intracellular bacterium naturally infecting free-living amoebae [ 1 , 2 ]. It was isolated from Acanthamoeba spp. recovered from the nasal mucosa of healthy volunteers [ 1 ]. Later, additional strains of Parachlamydiaceae have been found wit... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548262.xml |
529313 | Adaptive Amplification and Point Mutation Are Independent Mechanisms: Evidence for Various Stress-Inducible Mutation Mechanisms | “Adaptive mutation” denotes a collection of processes in which cells respond to growth-limiting environments by producing compensatory mutants that grow well, apparently violating fundamental principles of evolution. In a well-studied model, starvation of stationary-phase lac − Escherichia coli cells on lactose medium ... | Introduction Adaptive mutation was first brought to wide attention by Cairns et al. (1988) , and encompasses a collection of processes whereby cells adapt genetically in response to growth-limiting environments. The phenomenon is reported in several different microbial systems, and appears to occur via different molecu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529313.xml |
548510 | Inhibition of early steps in the lentiviral replication cycle by cathelicidin host defense peptides | Background The antibacterial activity of host defense peptides (HDP) is largely mediated by permeabilization of bacterial membranes. The lipid membrane of enveloped viruses might also be a target of antimicrobial peptides. Therefore, we screened a panel of naturally occurring HDPs representing different classes for inh... | Background As a barrier and immune organ, the gastrointestinal tract, lung and skin play a key role in protecting the body from a hostile environment [ 1 ]. The low incidence of infection at normal epithelial surfaces reflects the presence of innate, broad-spectrum antimicrobial defense mechanisms [ 2 ]. Host defense p... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548510.xml |
534815 | Tracking Orangutans from the Sky | null | After apprenticing at her mother's side for some eight years—the first three clinging to her body—an orangutan is ready to make her own way in the forest canopy. The only great ape specializing in arboreal living, orangutans forage the treetops mostly for fruit, nuts, insects, leaves, and tree bark. They can recognize ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534815.xml |
519005 | A Test Case for DNA Barcodes to Identify Species | null | One hundred years before Darwin returned from his voyage on the H. M. S. Beagle “struck with certain facts” that “seemed to throw some light on the origin of species,” Linnaeus published the first systematic taxonomy of life. In Systema Naturae, the Swedish botanist divided organisms into plants, animals, and minerals,... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC519005.xml |
514535 | Proteasome inhibitors: Their effects on arachidonic acid release from cells in culture and arachidonic acid metabolism in rat liver cells | Background I have postulated that arachidonic acid release from rat liver cells is associated with cancer chemoprevention. Since it has been reported that inhibition of proteasome activities may prevent cancer, the effects of proteasome inhibitors on arachidonic acid release from cells and on prostaglandin I 2 producti... | Background The proteasome degrades many cellular proteins, several with regulatory functions. It is not surprising that proteasome inhibitors affect many biologic processes [ 1 ] including prevention of cancer [ 2 ]. The effect of proteasome inhibition on cell growth and possible cancer chemoprevention has been reviewe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514535.xml |
538752 | Disclosure of cancer diagnosis and prognosis: a survey of the general public's attitudes toward doctors and family holding discretionary powers | Background This study aimed to ask a sample of the general population about their preferences regarding doctors holding discretionary powers in relation to disclosing cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Methods The researchers mailed 443 questionnaires to registered voters in a ward of Tokyo which had a socio-demographic p... | Background Cancer ranks as the third leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for approximately 12 % of all recorded deaths [ 1 ]. As cancer is sometimes fatal and its treatment often involves invasive medical procedures and medication, it has a great impact on patients' lives. The extent to which physicians should... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538752.xml |
555582 | Obituary: Yukio Mano (1943–2004) | Yukio Mano, MD, PhD (1943–2004) Associate Editor, Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation | I was terribly shocked to hear of the tragic and sudden passing of Yukio Mano on November 7, 2004, at the age of 61. He had not been well this past year but had been working continuously until just ten days before his death. Yukio Mano (Figure 1 ) was born on August 26, 1943 in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. He studied medic... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555582.xml |
554111 | Abdominal fat and hip fracture risk in the elderly: The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study | Background Fat mass, which is a major component of body weight, is directly related to bone mineral density and reduced fracture risk. It is not known whether abdominal fat is associated with hip fracture. The present study was designed to examine the association between abdominal fat and hip fracture in women and men ... | Background Hip fracture is a public health concern, because it is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, reduced quality of life, and incurs significant economic and social costs [ 1 ]. Bone mineral density (BMD), a measure of bone strength, is a strong predictor of hip fracture risk [ 2 ], and is used as a su... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554111.xml |
516450 | The retroviral RNA dimer linkage: different structures may reflect different roles | Retroviruses are unique among virus families in having dimeric genomes. The RNA sequences and structures that link the two RNA molecules vary, and these differences provide clues as to the role of this feature in the viral lifecycles. This review draws upon examples from different retroviral families. Differences and s... | Introduction With relatively few genes compared to many other virus families, the retroviridae have evolved over the millenia to maximise the functions of their RNA genome. The genome serves as a versatile template from which various proteins can be translated by the use of splicing and by translational flexibility usi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516450.xml |
543445 | Assessment of possible impact of a health promotion program in Korea from health risk trends in a longitudinally observed cohort | Background Longitudinally observed cohort data can be utilized to assess the potential for health promotion and healthcare planning by comparing the estimated risk factor trends of non-intervened with that of intervened. The paper seeks (1) to estimate a natural transition (patterns of movement between states) of healt... | Background Evidence was found that health promotion programs affect health risks in the US and in many other countries [ 1 - 4 ]. Also, a consistent association of higher risk individuals with higher medical costs implies a potential impact of risk reduction on cost moderation [ 5 , 6 ]. Musich et al. [ 7 ] showed that... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543445.xml |
516444 | Syndromes with congenital brittle bones | Background There is no clear definition of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The most widely used classification of OI divides the disease in four types, although it has been suggested that there may be at least 12 forms of OI. These forms have been named with numbers, eponyms or descriptive names. Some of these syndromes ... | Background Besides brittle bones, all other clinical characteristics of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are variable, and even different members of the same family may present with a dissimilar degree of severity [ 1 ]. Severity appears to follow a continuum in the OI population, and it is therefore very difficult to esta... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516444.xml |
554105 | CNS activity of Pokeweed Anti-viral Protein (PAP) in mice infected with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) | Background Others and we have previously described the potent in vivo and in vitro activity of the broad-spectrum antiviral agent PAP (Pokeweed antiviral protein) against a wide range of viruses. The purpose of the present study was to further elucidate the anti-viral spectrum of PAP by examining its effects on the sur... | Background The broad-spectrum anti-viral agent PAP (Pokeweed antiviral protein) [ 1 ] is a well-characterized 29-kDa plant-derived ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) isolated from Phytolacca americana [ 2 ]. The anti-viral activity of PAP has been described against a wide range of viruses, including HIV-1, herpes simp... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554105.xml |
555596 | A model of impairment and functional limitation in rheumatoid arthritis | Background We have previously proposed a theoretical model for studying physical disability and other outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this paper is to test a model of impairment and functional limitation in (RA), using empirical data from a sample of RA patients. We based the model on the disablem... | Background Physical disability is an important outcome of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [ 1 , 2 ]. The American College of Rheumatology preliminary definition of improvement in RA, used primarily to assess the short term response to medical interventions, includes disability as one of its seven key outcomes [ 3 ]. An under... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555596.xml |
434154 | Identifying Genes Involved in Innate Immunity through RNAi | null | An organism's ability to sense and respond to potentially harmful pathogens is key to its survival. To fight off disease and infection, organisms must detect pathogens, activate immune cell signaling pathways, and produce molecules able to thwart a pathogenic attack. So fundamental is this need that molecules and prote... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC434154.xml |
539302 | Penile metastasis from primary transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis: first manifestation of systemic spread | Background Almost one-third of all penile metastases are detected at the same time as a primary tumor, whereas the remaining two-thirds are detected a mean of 18 months after the discovery of the primary tumor. Cutaneous metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is extremely rare and generally accepted as the lat... | Background Approximately 300 cases of penile metastases are reported worldwide [ 1 ]. Seventy percent of these metastases have their origin in the genitourinary tract, and the primary tumor is most frequently located in the bladder [ 2 ]. We present the first case of penile metastasis from primary transitional cell car... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539302.xml |
524353 | True good | null | "The open society, the unrestricted access to knowledge, the unplanned and uninhibited association of men for its furtherance – these are what may make a vast, complex, ever growing, ever changing, ever more specialized and expert technological world, nevertheless a world of human community [ 1 ]." –J. Robert Oppenheim... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524353.xml |
555569 | Inclusion of Scar/WAVE3 in a similar complex to Scar/WAVE1 and 2 | Background The Scar/WAVE family of proteins mediates signals to actin assembly by direct activation of the Arp2/3 complex. These proteins have been characterised as major regulators of lamellipodia formation downstream of Rac activation and as members of large protein complexes. Results We have investigated the interac... | Background Rearrangements of the cortical actin cytoskeleton are essential for numerous cell processes such as cell migration, phagocytosis [ 1 , 2 ], and adhesion [ 3 ], in which formation of dendritic networks of polymerised actin plays a key part. The Arp2/3 complex is required in the formation of dendritic networks... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555569.xml |
548289 | In memoriam: Celso-Ramon Garcia, M.D. (1922–2004), reproductive medicine visionary | This article traces the career of Celso-Ramon Garcia (1922–2004), noted physician, educator, and internationally renowned pioneer in the field of reproductive endocrinology. His work helped to formulate oral contraceptives used by millions of women throughout the world. Garcia's research collaborators included Gregory ... | Introduction Celso-Ramon Garcia (Figure 1 ), who departed this world in 2004 at the age of 82, was a remarkable human being who did much to shape the specialty of reproductive medicine as it is known today. His research yielded important discoveries that continue to influence the daily lives of millions of women and me... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548289.xml |
517941 | Cytotoxic effects of Gemcitabine-loaded liposomes in human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells | Background Identification of effective systemic antineoplastic drugs against anaplastic thyroid carcinomas has particularly important implications. In fact, the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agents presently used in these tumours, is strongly limited by their low therapeutic index. Methods In this study gemcitabine ... | Background At present, the prognosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas is very poor [ 1 , 2 ]. Since they are usually unable to concentrate radioiodine, the therapeutical approach is based on combination of aggressive surgery, external beam radiations and chemotherapy. Only rarely, however, this treatment results effect... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517941.xml |
545949 | A novel method for prokaryotic promoter prediction based on DNA stability | Background In the post-genomic era, correct gene prediction has become one of the biggest challenges in genome annotation. Improved promoter prediction methods can be one step towards developing more reliable ab initio gene prediction methods. This work presents a novel prokaryotic promoter prediction method based on D... | Background Accumulation of a huge amount of genome sequence data in recent years and the task of extracting useful information from it, has given rise to many new challenges. One of the biggest challenges is the task of gene prediction and to fulfil this need, several gene prediction programs have been developed (For r... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545949.xml |
545785 | Consensus clustering and functional interpretation of gene-expression data | Consensus clustering, a new method for analyzing microarray data that takes a consensus set of clusters from various algorithms, is shown to perform better than individual methods alone. | Background There are many practical applications that involve the grouping of a set of objects into a number of mutually exclusive subsets. Methods to achieve the partitioning of objects related by correlation or distance metrics are collectively known as clustering algorithms. Any algorithm that applies a global searc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545785.xml |
535538 | Vaccination with EphA2-derived T cell-epitopes promotes immunity against both EphA2-expressing and EphA2-negative tumors | Background A novel tyrosine kinase receptor EphA2 is expressed at high levels in advanced and metastatic cancers. We examined whether vaccinations with synthetic mouse EphA2 (mEphA2)-derived peptides that serve as T cell epitopes could induce protective and therapeutic anti-tumor immunity. Methods C57BL/6 mice received... | Background EphA2 is a member of Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases comprised of two major classes (EphA and EphB), which are distinguished by their specificities for ligand (ephrin-A and ephrin-B, respectively [ 1 - 3 ]). Recent reports suggest that EphA2 is frequently overexpressed and often functionally dysregul... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535538.xml |
545961 | Protocol for the evaluation of a decision aid for women with a breech-presenting baby [ISRCTN14570598] | Background There is now good evidence about the management options for pregnant women with a breech presentation (buttocks or feet rather than head-first) at term; external cephalic version (ECV) – the turning of a breech baby to a head-down position and/or planned caesarean section (CS). Each of these options has bene... | Background Breech presentation Breech presentation occurs when a baby presents with the buttocks or feet rather than head first (cephalic presentation). As breech presentation is related to both fetal size and gestational age, the incidence decreases as pregnancy progresses to 3–4% by full-term[ 1 , 2 ]. Decades of con... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545961.xml |
539300 | Management of acute renal colic in the UK: a questionnaire survey | Background There is great variation in the Accident and Emergency workload and location of Urology services in UK hospitals. This study investigated the relationship of the initial management of acute renal colic with the department workload plus local facilities including location of X-ray and urology services in UK A... | Background Upon presentation to the A&E department, suspected acute renal colic patients must have a clinical examination and radiological investigations to confirm the diagnosis. Without radiological investigations, life-threatening conditions such as abdominal aortic aneurysm and ectopic pregnancy may be misdiagnosed... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539300.xml |
524379 | Supervised Treatment Interruptions Fail to Control HIV-1 Viremia | null | Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of individuals infected by HIV-1 is limited by high costs, drug resistance, and drug-related toxicities. This has led researchers to investigate new treatment options, including ways to boost immune responses to better control HIV. One such approach has bee... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524379.xml |
549195 | Home injuries and built form – methodological issues and developments in database linkage | Background The aim of this body of research is to determine whether injuries in the home are more common in particular types of housing. Previous home injuries research has tended to focus on behaviours or the provision of safety equipment to families with young children. There has been little consideration of the phys... | Background Home injuries are frequent and result in greater mortality and morbidity than road traffic injuries[ 1 ]. It is evident that the risks of some types of injuries, such as falls or injuries resulting from fire, could well be related to the built form of the home. Nevertheless the availability of robust evidenc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549195.xml |
517943 | Antibodies from malaria-exposed pregnant women recognize trypsin resistant epitopes on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes selected for adhesion to chondroitin sulphate A | Background The ability of Plasmodium falciparum -infected erythrocytes to adhere to the microvasculature endothelium is thought to play a causal role in malaria pathogenesis. Cytoadhesion to endothelial receptors is generally found to be highly sensitive to trypsinization of the infected erythrocyte surface. However, s... | Background Rapid clearance of parasitaemia following transfusion of IgG from malaria immune adults to clinically ill recipients illustrates that naturally acquired antibodies have a parasite clearing role in human malaria infection [ 1 - 3 ]. Neither the nature of the protective immune response nor the target antigens ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517943.xml |
549197 | Role of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi amastigote cysteine protease in intracellular parasite survival: studies by gene disruption and antisense mRNA inhibition | Background The parasitic protozoa belonging to Leishmania (L.) donovani complex possess abundant, developmentally regulated cathepsin L-like cysteine proteases. Previously, we have reported the isolation of cysteine protease gene, Ldccys2 from Leishmania (L.) chagasi . Here, we have further characterized this cysteine ... | Background Leishmania are the etiological agents of a variety of disease manifestations, collectively termed as leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) donovani and Leishmania (L.) chagasi is a serious health problem in many tropical and subtropical countries [ 1 - 3 ]. During the digenetic life... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549197.xml |
526220 | Rank Difference Analysis of Microarrays (RDAM), a novel approach to statistical analysis of microarray expression profiling data | Background A key step in the analysis of microarray expression profiling data is the identification of genes that display statistically significant changes in expression signals between two biological conditions. Results We describe a new method, Rank Difference Analysis of Microarrays (RDAM), which estimates the total... | Background In a typical microarray experiment, thousands of genes have their relative expression levels measured in parallel under different biological states [ 1 , 2 ]. To identify differentially-abundant genes, most published methods [ 3 - 5 ] progress through a similar sequence of elementary steps. First, a normaliz... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526220.xml |
555594 | Epidemiology of acute coronary syndromes in a Mediterranean country; aims, design and baseline characteristics of the Greek study of acute coronary syndromes (GREECS) | Background The present study GREECS was conducted in order to evaluate the annual incidence of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and to delineate the role of clinical, biochemical, lifestyle and behavioral characteristics on the severity of disease. In this work we present the design, methodology of the study and various ... | Background During the past decades epidemiological investigations have provided a portrait of the potential candidate for acute coronary syndromes, in the US, as well as in many other parts of the world, especially in European countries [ 1 - 9 ]. However, many investigators claimed for differences in the profile, i.e.... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555594.xml |
519007 | A Relay-Signal Model of Nematode Vulval Development | null | A fundamental question in developmental biology is, how does a multicellular organism develop from a single cell? It's clear that one cell begets two, two beget four, and so on, but how do the newly created cells know which developmental fate to pick? Major insights into this question have come from identifying genes, ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC519007.xml |
526208 | Use of polyethyleneimine polymer in cell culture as attachment factor and lipofection enhancer | Background Several cell lines and primary cultures benefit from the use of positively charged extracellular matrix proteins or polymers that enhance their ability to attach to culture plates. Polyethyleneimine is a positively charged polymer that has gained recent attention as a transfection reagent. A less known use o... | Background Molecular cell biology experimentation often requires the culture of primary cells or immortalized cell lines. The most common substratum used in cell culture consists of a plastic dish that offers a negatively charged surface. A drawback of this technology is that some anchorage-dependent cell types do not ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526208.xml |
516446 | How do drug users define their progress in harm reduction programs? Qualitative research to develop user-generated outcomes | Background Harm reduction is a relatively new and controversial model for treating drug users, with little formal research on its operation and effectiveness. In order to advance the study of harm reduction programs and our understanding of how drug users define their progress, qualitative research was conducted to dev... | Background Harm reduction programs operate with the assumption that some people who engage in high-risk behaviors are unwilling or unable to abstain. Using a "low-threshold approach," they do not require that clients abstain from drug use in order to gain access to services, nor expect adherence to one service to be el... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516446.xml |
538750 | Interaction among general practitioners age and patient load in the prediction of job strain, decision latitude and perception of job demands. A Cross-sectional study | Background It is widely recognized and accepted that job strain adversely impacts the workforce. Individual responses to stressful situations can vary greatly and it has been shown that certain people are more likely to experience high levels of stress in their job than others. Studies highlighted that there can be age... | Background The issue of job stress is of utmost important to the public health community and working people because it adversely impacts the workforce. Strain has been considered as an environmental condition, as an appraisal of an environmental condition, as a response to an environmental condition, and as a form of r... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538750.xml |
545963 | Identifying spatially similar gene expression patterns in early stage fruit fly embryo images: binary feature versus invariant moment digital representations | Background Modern developmental biology relies heavily on the analysis of embryonic gene expression patterns. Investigators manually inspect hundreds or thousands of expression patterns to identify those that are spatially similar and to ultimately infer potential gene interactions. However, the rapid accumulation of g... | Background The complexity of animal body form arises from a single fertilized egg cell in an odyssey of gene expression and regulation that controls the multiplication and differentiation of cells [ 1 - 3 ]. For over two decades, Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly) has been a canonical model animal for understandin... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545963.xml |
350674 | Exploring Small RNA Function | null | Regulation of gene expression—deciding how much of what proteins are produced in the cell—is controlled by a myriad of different molecules. One type of naturally occurring regulatory molecule is small interfering RNA (siRNA), which selectively disrupts the production of a protein it is programmed to recognize, a proces... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC350674.xml |
555580 | Daily rhythm of cerebral blood flow velocity | Background CBFV (cerebral blood flow velocity) is lower in the morning than in the afternoon and evening. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the time of day changes in CBFV: 1) CBFV changes are due to sleep-associated processes or 2) time of day changes in CBFV are due to an endogenous circadian rhythm indepe... | Background It has been well documented that cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) is lower in sleep [ 1 - 7 ] and in the morning shortly after awakening [ 8 - 10 ] than in the afternoon or evening. Generally accepted theories about the time of day changes in CBFV attribute the fall in CBFV to the physiological processes ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555580.xml |
554107 | Possible role of eclosion rhythm in mediating the effects of light-dark environments on pre-adult development in Drosophila melanogaster | Background In insects, circadian clocks have been implicated in affecting life history traits such as pre-adult development time and adult lifespan. Studies on the period (per) mutants of Drosophila melanogaster , and laboratory-selected lines of Bactrocera cucurbitae suggested a close link between circadian clocks and... | Background Circadian (Latin: circa = about, dies = day) clocks regulate a number of physiological and metabolic processes in organisms as diverse as unicellular bacteria, fungi, fruit flies and humans [ 1 , 2 ]. The core molecular mechanisms underlying these rhythms are conserved across a range of taxa, and involve the... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554107.xml |
543453 | Ablation lesions in Koch's triangle assessed by three-dimensional myocardial contrast echocardiography | Background Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) allows visualization of radiofrequency (RF) ablation lesions in the left ventricle in an animal model. Aim: To test whether MCE allows visualization of RF and cryo ablation lesions in the human right atrium using three-dimensional echocardiography. Methods 18 patien... | Introduction Catheter ablation is a curative treatment for most patients with arrhythmias. In some patients, the results are still suboptimal[ 1 ] because of inadequate lesion formation during ablation. Therefore, in these patients direct visualization of ablation lesions may have significant impact on the outcome of t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543453.xml |
479042 | An Integrin-Dependent Role of Pouch Endoderm in Hyoid Cartilage Development | Pharyngeal endoderm is essential for and can reprogram development of the head skeleton. Here we investigate the roles of specific endodermal structures in regulating craniofacial development. We have isolated an integrinα5 mutant in zebrafish that has region-specific losses of facial cartilages derived from hyoid neur... | Introduction The skeletal elements that form and support the vertebrate jaw and gills are derived from a specialized population of ectomesenchyme cells, the cranial neural crest ( Platt 1893 ; Le Douarin 1982 ; Schilling and Kimmel 1994 ; but see Weston et al. 2004 ). In the larval zebrafish, crest cells of the first, ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC479042.xml |
548506 | A novel heterozygous missense mutation in the UMOD gene responsible for Familial Juvenile Hyperuricemic Nephropathy | Background Familial Juvenile Hyperuricemic Nephropathy is an autosomal dominant nephropathy, characterized by decreased urate excretion and progressive interstitial nephritis. Mutations in the uromodulin coding UMOD gene have been found responsible for the disease in some families. Case presentation We here describe a ... | Background Familial Juvenile Hyperuricemic Nephropathy (FJHN) (McKusick 162000) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hyperuricemia, decreased urinary excretion of urate and the development of progressive chronic interstitial nephritis. Renal impairment usually appears between 15 and 40 years of age, leadi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548506.xml |
514537 | Loss of Skeletal Muscle HIF-1α Results in Altered Exercise Endurance | The physiological flux of oxygen is extreme in exercising skeletal muscle. Hypoxia is thus a critical parameter in muscle function, influencing production of ATP, utilization of energy-producing substrates, and manufacture of exhaustion-inducing metabolites. Glycolysis is the central source of anaerobic energy in anima... | Introduction During exercise in normoxia, the partial pressure of oxygen in muscle tissue has been shown to dip to as low as 3.1 mm Hg, whereas in the capillary, it remains at 38 mm Hg ( Hoppeler et al. 2003 ). In order to maintain effort, skeletal muscle exertion must be able to rely on pathways designed to help the t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514537.xml |
543447 | Seroma formation after surgery for breast cancer | Background Seroma formation is the most frequent postoperative complication after breast cancer surgery. We carried out a study to investigate the effect of various demographic, clinical and therapeutic variables on seroma formation. Patients and methods A retrospective cross sectional study of patients who underwent s... | Background Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women. The surgical treatment of choice for these patients is either modified radical mastectomy or breast preservation depending upon stage of the disease. Seroma formation is the most frequent postoperative complication after breast cancer sur... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543447.xml |
555543 | Two new plumage mutations in the Japanese quail: "curly" feather and "rusty" plumage | Background The genetics of plumage of Japanese quail is of interest both from a biological standpoint, for comparative studies between avian species, and from a zootechnical standpoint, for identifying commercial selection lines or crosses. There are only few plumage mutations reported in quail, and the present work de... | Background Japanese quail is both a model animal in biology and a bird used for meat and egg production under a large variety of settings [ 1 ]. In the recent past, a special attention was given to the study of its plumage, and several major genes have been described [ 2 ]. Since the last compilation of plumage mutatio... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555543.xml |
545778 | Genomic transcriptional response to loss of chromosomal supercoiling in Escherichia coli | Microarray analysis shows that transcription of 306 E. Coli genes is affected by changes in the level of chromosome supercoiling, suggesting that supercoiling transmits regulatory signals from the environment to many cellular pathways. | Background The chromosome of Escherichia coli is a circular double-stranded DNA molecule that is maintained in a negatively supercoiled state. Supercoiling induces torsional tension in the DNA, and thus can influence processes that involve the opening of the double helix, such as replication initiation [ 1 ], DNA loopi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545778.xml |
555557 | Inflammatory cytokine levels correlate with amyloid load in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease | Background Inflammation is believed to play an important role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cytokine production is a key pathologic event in the progression of inflammatory cascades. The current study characterizes the cytokine expression profile in the brain of two transgenic mouse models of AD (TgA... | Background Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by intra-cellular abnormally phosphorylated tau protein and extra-cellular beta amyloid plaques. It has been suggested that inflammation may be a key player in the pathophysiology of AD as evidenced by epidemiological studies which... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555557.xml |
548512 | The effect of IL-13 and IL-13R130Q, a naturally occurring IL-13 polymorphism, on the gene expression of human airway smooth muscle cells | Background Growing evidence shows that interleukin 13 (IL-13) may play an essential role in the development of airway inflammation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR), two defining features of asthma. Although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown, a number of reports have shown that IL-13 may exert its deleter... | Background Recent reports using murine models of allergic asthma have shown that the Th2 type cytokine IL-13 may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma, either by regulating airway inflammation, mucus hyper-secretion or airway hyper-responsiveness [ 1 - 5 ]. Evidence suggests that the potential role of IL-1... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548512.xml |
554113 | Protein domains and architectural innovation in plant-associated Proteobacteria | Background Evolution of new complex biological behaviour tends to arise by novel combinations of existing building blocks. The functional and evolutionary building blocks of the proteome are protein domains, the function of a protein being dependent on its constituent domains. We clustered completely-sequenced proteome... | Background The Proteobacteria comprise a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria that includes an extraordinary diversity of lifestyles, ecology and metabolism. At one end of a spectrum are free-living organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , which has a relatively large genome that encodes enormous regulatory and metabolic... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554113.xml |
534803 | Stimulation of allergen-loaded macrophages by TLR9-ligand potentiates IL-10-mediated suppression of allergic airway inflammation in mice | Background Previously, we demonstrated that OVA-loaded macrophages (OVA-Mφ) partially suppress OVA-induced airway manifestations of asthma in BALB/c mice. In vitro studies showed that OVA-Mφ start to produce IL-10 upon interaction with allergen-specific T cells, which might mediate their immunosuppressive effects. Here... | Background Chronic asthma is driven and maintained by the persistence of a subset of chronically activated memory T lymphocytes. The development of allergen-specific CD4 + T-helper 2 (Th2) immunoresponses is responsible for the cellular and molecular events underlying the initiation and progression of allergic asthma [... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534803.xml |
549630 | Genetic variation analysis of the Bali street dog using microsatellites | Background Approximately 800,000 primarily feral dogs live on the small island of Bali. To analyze the genetic diversity in this population, forty samples were collected at random from dogs in the Denpasar, Bali region and tested using 31 polymorphic microsatellites. Australian dingoes and 28 American Kennel Club breed... | Background Bali, a province of the Republic of Indonesia, is an island just 87 km from north to south and 142 km from east to west and home to more than 2.9 million people [ 1 ]. Approximately 800,000 stray dogs (Fig. 1 ) also live on the island based on a survey conducted by the Bali Street Dog Foundation (personal co... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549630.xml |
526778 | Grouping of tooth surfaces by susceptibility to caries: a study in 5–16 year-old children | Background The decline in caries has slowed and this may be indicative of variation in the susceptibility of differing teeth to caries. This study tests the hypothesis that in children, there are groups of tooth sites that exhibit differences in caries susceptibility. Methods Probit analysis of caries data collected fr... | Background The decline in caries that has occurred in industrialized countries over the past 30 years has been accompanied by major changes in the pattern of caries within the mouth. While the absolute levels of disease have declined, a relatively higher proportion of pit and fissured surfaces and lower proportion of a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526778.xml |
544857 | From bench to clinic and back: Perspective on the 1st IQPC Translational Research conference | Translational Research (TR) provides a set of tools and communication context for scientists and clinicians to optimize the drug discovery and development process. In the proceedings of a Princeton conference on this timely topic, the strengths and needs of this developing field were debated. Outcomes and key points fr... | Introduction There are many challenges facing pharmaceutical companies in the post-genome era not least of which is declining productivity and innovation. Not surprisingly, there is agreement between Industry, Academia and Regulatory communities that the drug discovery and development process needs to change in order t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544857.xml |
529463 | The prevalence and severity of oral impacts on daily performances in Thai primary school children | Background Traditional methods of measuring oral health mainly use clinical dental indices and have been complemented by oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) measures. Most OHRQoL studies have been on adults and elderly populations. There are no systematic OHRQoL studies of a population-based sample of children... | Background Contemporary concepts of health suggest that dental health should be defined in physical, psychological and social well-being terms in relation to dental status [ 1 , 2 ]. That is why Cohen and Jago considered that the greatest contribution of dentistry is to the improvement of quality of life because most o... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529463.xml |
548274 | Treatment of trigeminal ganglion neurons in vitro with NGF, GDNF or BDNF: effects on neuronal survival, neurochemical properties and TRPV1-mediated neuropeptide secretion | Background Nerve growth factor (NGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) all play important roles in the development of the peripheral sensory nervous system. Additionally, these growth factors are proposed to modulate the properties of the sensory system in ... | Background Among many trophic factors that act on sensory neurons, three have been studied extensively: nerve growth factor (NGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). During development, NGF, GDNF and BDNF, along with neurotrophin-3 (NT3), support the surviva... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548274.xml |
545208 | Painful Horner Syndrome as a Harbinger of Silent Carotid Dissection | A painful Horner's syndrome should alert clinicians to the possibilty of a silent carotid dissection | PRESENTATION of CASE A 43-y-old white female presented to the hospital in July 2004 with pain in the left eye and left upper lid ptosis. She did not perceive any difference in perspiration between the two halves of her face. She was a nonsmoker and denied any history of head or neck trauma, or ocular, cardiac, vascular... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545208.xml |
529305 | Detecting spatiotemporal clusters of accidental poisoning mortality among Texas counties, U.S., 1980 – 2001 | Background Accidental poisoning is one of the leading causes of injury in the United States, second only to motor vehicle accidents. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the rates of accidental poisoning mortality have been increasing in the past fourteen years nationally. In Texas, mortality ra... | Background The accidental poisoning mortality rate has been increasing in the United States. In the 21-year period spanning 1981 to 2001, mortality rates due to accidental poisoning more than doubled from 2.0 per 100,000 in 1981 to 4.9 per 100,000 in 2001 [ 1 ]. The burden of accidental poisoning mortality in this peri... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529305.xml |
212692 | Genome-Wide RNAi of C. elegans Using the Hypersensitive rrf-3 Strain Reveals Novel Gene Functions | RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) is a method to inhibit gene function by introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Recently, an RNAi library was constructed that consists of bacterial clones expressing dsRNA, corresponding to nearly 90% of the 19,427 predicted genes of C. elegans . Feeding of this RNAi library to th... | Introduction RNA interference (RNAi) is targeted gene silencing via double-stranded RNA (dsRNA); a gene is inactivated by specific breakdown of the mRNA ( Fire et al. 1998 ; Montgomery et al. 1998 ). It is an ideal method for rapid identification of in vivo gene function. Initial studies on RNAi used microinjection to ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC212692.xml |
544843 | Human lung cancer cells express functionally active Toll-like receptor 9 | Background CpG-oligonucleotides (CpG-ODN), which induce signaling through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), are currently under investigation as adjuvants in therapy against infections and cancer. CpG-ODN function as Th-1 adjuvants and are able to activate dendritic cells. In humans TLR9 has been described to be strongly ex... | Background The Toll gene, the expression of one of it's relatives we are reporting here concerning human malignant tumors, originally was characterized for its role in specifying dorsoventral polarity of the Drosophila embryo[ 1 ]. Since homologues of Toll are also present in plants, mammalian toll-like genes are produ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544843.xml |
523827 | Should Health Professionals Screen All Women for Domestic Violence? | Background to the debate: The US and Canadian task forces on preventive health recently declared that there is not enough evidence to recommend for or against routine universal screening of women for domestic violence. Yet some experts argue that routine enquiry is justified. | Ann Taket's Viewpoint: Routinely Asking about Domestic Violence Is Worthwhile Domestic violence is a misunderstood topic. The context of a trusted health professional talking to a woman is one that provides an important opportunity for providing information to counter misconceptions. I deliberately talk about this in t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523827.xml |
535923 | Progression of coronary calcification in healthy postmenopausal women | Background Coronary artery calcium score incrementally improves coronary risk prediction beyond that provided by conventional risk factors. Limited information is available regarding rates of progression of coronary calcification in women, particularly those with baseline scores above zero. Further, determinants of pro... | Background Coronary calcium, assessed by computed tomography, strongly and independently predicts coronary risk [ 1 - 3 ]. Age is by far the most potent determinant of calcium score [ 4 ], although conventional risk factors also been associated with the extent of coronary calcification [ 4 , 5 ]. The rate of progressio... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535923.xml |
535937 | Tumor taxonomy for the developmental lineage classification of neoplasms | Background The new "Developmental lineage classification of neoplasms" was described in a prior publication. The classification is simple (the entire hierarchy is described with just 39 classifiers), comprehensive (providing a place for every tumor of man), and consistent with recent attempts to characterize tumors by ... | Background On March 19, 2004, the author published a new classification for neoplasms, now called "The developmental lineage classification of neoplasms"[ 1 ]. The classification was described as a schema providing a single class location for every tumor in man. The classification contains 39 class descriptors appearin... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535937.xml |
515371 | Fly Fights with Both Hands | null | Defending against attack is one of the most important challenges facing any organism. But while sticks and stones may break the bones of a lion, microscopic threats such as bacteria require different weapons. And it's not just we humans who have this problem—insects are prey to bacterial infections too. Their immune sy... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515371.xml |
524184 | Distance, rurality and the need for care: access to health services in South West England | Background This paper explores the geographical accessibility of health services in urban and rural areas of the South West of England, comparing two measures of geographical access and characterising the areas most remote from hospitals. Straight-line distance and drive-time to the nearest general practice (GP) and ac... | Background The UK National Health Service has always aimed to provide health care for all. Although the importance of "fair access for all" (independent of the ability to pay, age, sex or area of residence) has been highlighted in recent policy documents [ 1 ], the meaning of 'fair access' is still debated [ 2 ]. Altho... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524184.xml |
544880 | Successful recovery of infective endocarditis-induced rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis by steroid therapy combined with antibiotics: a case report | Background The mortality rate among patients with infective endocarditis, especially associated with the presence of complications or coexisting conditions such as renal failure and the use of combined medical and surgical therapy remains still high. Prolonged parenteral administration of a bactericidal antimicrobial a... | Background Infective endocarditis has been classified as acute or subacute-chronic based on the clinical presentation and often presents extracardiac findings such as fever, anorexia, weight loss, malaise, and night sweats [ 1 ]. The prognosis of infective endocarditis has been shown to be strongly influenced by the co... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544880.xml |
514721 | Hürthle cell carcinoma: diagnostic and therapeutic implications | Background Hürthle cell carcinoma is a variant of follicular cell carcinoma of thyroid. It may present as a low-grade tumour or as a more aggressive type. Prognosis depends upon the age of the patient, tumour size, extent of invasion and initial nodal or distant metastasis. Patient and methods The case of Hürthle cell ... | Background The natural history of Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is not well understood. It accounts for <5% of all differentiated thyroid malignancies. Hürthle cells are characterised by eosinophilic cytoplasm with trabecular/follicular growth pattern. [ 1 ]. Oncocytes are seen in follicular cell carcinoma but in HCC on... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514721.xml |
514709 | Rates of influenza vaccination in older adults and factors associated with vaccine use: A secondary analysis of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging | Background Influenza vaccination has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in the older adult population. In Canada, vaccination rates remain suboptimal. We identified factors predictive of influenza vaccination, in order to determine which segments of the older adult population might be targeted to increase cov... | Background Influenza has the potential to cause serious complications (chiefly viral and bacterial pneumonia, with attendant mortality and morbidity), especially in the older adult (>= 65) population and in those with comorbid illness [ 1 - 3 ]. Influenza vaccination is demonstratively safe, effective [ 4 - 6 ], and co... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514709.xml |
529311 | Using animal models to determine the significance of complement activation in Alzheimer's disease | Complement inflammation is a major inflammatory mechanism whose function is to promote the removal of microorganisms and the processing of immune complexes. Numerous studies have provided evidence for an increase in this process in areas of pathology in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Because complement activation ... | Background Alzheimer's disease and complement activation A variety of inflammatory processes are increased in regions of pathology in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain [ 1 - 4 ]. There is a reciprocal relationship between this local inflammation and senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs); both SPs and... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529311.xml |
509016 | Graph-based iterative Group Analysis enhances microarray interpretation | Background One of the most time-consuming tasks after performing a gene expression experiment is the biological interpretation of the results by identifying physiologically important associations between the differentially expressed genes. A large part of the relevant functional evidence can be represented in the form ... | Background Microarray experiments can provide a comprehensive picture of gene expression levels in biological samples. In a typical application they compare expression of several thousand genes under two different conditions (e.g. healthy vs. diseased tissue, wild type vs. mutant animals, drug-treated vs. control cells... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509016.xml |
524190 | Methods to find out the expression of activated genes | This review deals with the methods of identifying genes that have been activated by inner or outer impulses. The activation and subsequent expression of a gene can be detected by its transcription into a corresponding messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Principles of the methods for identification of individual activate... | Introduction In previous reviews, methods for the measurement of receptors and their interactions with other transcription factors and genes were described [ 1 - 3 ]. In this review, gene activation is discussed with a particular emphasis on the methods enabling detection of the activated, turned-on, genes. The action ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524190.xml |
544894 | GOLD.db: genomics of lipid-associated disorders database | Background The GOLD.db (Genomics of Lipid-Associated Disorders Database) was developed to address the need for integrating disparate information on the function and properties of genes and their products that are particularly relevant to the biology, diagnosis management, treatment, and prevention of lipid-associated d... | Background The excessive consumption of high calorie, high fat diets and the adoption of a sedentary life style have made obesity and atherosclerosis major health problems in Western societies. In the USA, over 50% of the population are over-weight (BMI > 25) and close to 25% are considered obese (BMI > 30) [ 1 , 2 ]. ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544894.xml |
528782 | The InDeVal insertion/deletion evaluation tool: a program for finding target regions in DNA sequences and for aiding in sequence comparison | Background The program InDeVal was originally developed to help researchers find known regions of insertion/deletion activity (with the exception of isolated single-base indels) in newly determined Poaceae trn L-F sequences and compare them with 533 previously determined sequences. It is supplied with input files desig... | Background Gaps caused by insertion and deletion events (indels) are often important features of DNA sequence data, which is widely used in phylogenetic studies [ 1 - 13 ]. Although some authors consider indels to be potentially misleading [ 1 , 14 ], others consider indels to be important characters [ 8 , 9 , 13 , 15 ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC528782.xml |
551533 | Variation in tissue-specific gene expression among natural populations | The expression of a selected suite of 192 metabolic genes in brain, heart and liver in three populations of the teleost fish Fundulus heteroclitus was examined. Only a small subset (31%) of tissue-specific differences was consistent in all three populations, indicating that many tissue-specific differences in gene expr... | Background The regulation of gene expression varies extensively among tissues, individuals, strains, populations and species [ 1 - 6 ] and variation in gene expression has a genetic basis [ 7 , 8 ]. Despite such biological variance, differences in gene expression are used to describe cancers [ 9 - 12 ], heart failure [... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551533.xml |
539062 | Gene Signatures Predict Interferon Response for MS Patients | null | Multiple sclerosis (MS) can be an unpredictable disease. It develops when the body's immune system attacks healthy nerve cells and disrupts normal nerve signaling. Patients experience a wide range of symptoms—including tingling, paralysis, pain, fatigue, and blurred vision—that can appear independently or in combinatio... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539062.xml |
529265 | Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees | Background Political instability and the civil war in Southern Sudan have resulted in numerous atrocities, mass violence, and forced migration for vast parts of the civilian population in the West Nile region. High exposure to traumatic experiences has been particularly prominent in the Ugandan and Sudanese of the West... | Background The debate about the impact of traumatic life events on psychiatric disorders has a long tradition in psychiatry. The introduction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III [ 1 ]) manifested the general recognition that a chronic condition... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529265.xml |
535894 | A national survey of the prevalence of schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths in Malaŵi | Background Past estimates have put the prevalence of schistosomiasis between 40% and 50% in the Malawi population overall based on studies undertaken ten years or more ago. More recent surveys in known high risk areas find similar levels. However control measures, changing ecology and migration may have led to changes ... | Background Chronic infections with soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis are common in Malaŵi and cause considerable morbidity [ 1 ]. The Ministry of Health wishes to establish the distribution of these infections prior to a reassessment of national policy regarding their control. All water bodies in Malawi ar... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535894.xml |
555755 | Recognition and binding of mismatch repair proteins at an oncogenic hot spot | Background The current investigation was undertaken to determine key steps differentiating G:T and G:A repair at the H- ras oncogenic hot spot within the nuclear environment because of the large difference in repair efficiency of these two mismatches. Results Electrophoretic mobility shift (gel shift) experiments demon... | Background Several different DNA repair systems have evolved within all living cells to correct mispaired or damaged nucleotide residues generated either by endogenous events or by exposure to exogenous mutagenic agents [ 1 , 2 ]. The frequency of mutational events varies widely within the genome, and specific sites ha... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555755.xml |
555741 | Pharmacokinetics of isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, after ingestion of soy beverage compared with soy extract capsules in postmenopausal Thai women | Background Isoflavones from soybeans may provide some beneficial impacts on postmenopausal health. The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of plasma isoflavones (daidzein and genistein) after a single dose of orally administered soy beverage and soy extract capsules in postmeno... | Background Menopause is associated with estrogen deficiency and its accompanying symptoms such as accelerated bone loss and atherosclerosis. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has traditionally been used for treatment of menopausal disorders. Estrogen helps to maintain bone density, relieve menopausal symptoms, as well ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555741.xml |
524027 | Ketogenic diets and physical performance | Impaired physical performance is a common but not obligate result of a low carbohydrate diet. Lessons from traditional Inuit culture indicate that time for adaptation, optimized sodium and potassium nutriture, and constraint of protein to 15–25 % of daily energy expenditure allow unimpaired endurance performance despit... | Introduction In the opinion of most physicians and nutrition scientists, carbohydrate must constitute a major component of one's daily energy intake if optimum physical performance is to be maintained [ 1 ]. This consensus view is based upon a long list of published studies performed over the last century that links mu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524027.xml |
549591 | SARS Transmission Pattern in Singapore Reassessed by Viral Sequence Variation Analysis | Background Epidemiological investigations of infectious disease are mainly dependent on indirect contact information and only occasionally assisted by characterization of pathogen sequence variation from clinical isolates. Direct sequence analysis of the pathogen, particularly at a population level, is generally though... | Introduction During infectious disease outbreaks, due to either new or established agents, extensive information gathering is required to enable identification of the source, transmission routes, and the effect of containment policies. It is becoming increasingly clear that traditional approaches based on travel and co... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549591.xml |
549585 | Asthma Severity and Prevalence: An Ongoing Interaction between Exposure, Hygiene, and Lifestyle | Why are the prevalence and severity of asthma increasing? Platts-Mills looks at the key studies that can help to anwer this important question | Over the last hundred years, there have been major triumphs in medicine related to public health, vaccination, and the introduction of new medicines. However, over the same period, several diseases have increased in prevalence and/or severity. In some cases, the causes of the increase have become obvious—the increases ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549585.xml |
515365 | Continued Colonization of the Human Genome by Mitochondrial DNA | Integration of mitochondrial DNA fragments into nuclear chromosomes (giving rise to nuclear DNA sequences of mitochondrial origin, or NUMTs) is an ongoing process that shapes nuclear genomes. In yeast this process depends on double-strand-break repair. Since NUMTs lack amplification and specific integration mechanisms,... | Introduction Insertion of new sequences into nuclear DNA has a major impact on its architecture and is an important mechanism for the evolution of eukaryotic genomes. Moreover, when targeted to gene loci, these insertions can be mutagenic, and in humans this process contributes to a number of diseases ( Deininger and B... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515365.xml |
387266 | “Mosaic” Genes Highlight Forces of Genome Diversity and Adaptation | null | Microbes are arguably the most adaptable organisms on Earth, inhabiting nearly every crevice of nearly every corner of the globe. Some invade the cavities of a wide variety of insects and other invertebrates while others colonize the skin, blood, eyes, and internal organs of animals. Still others thrive in such inhospi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC387266.xml |
526181 | Computational Mapping of Complex Traits in the Mouse | null | The past few years have seen an explosion of data on the mouse genome, widely hailed as a guidebook to the genetic origins of human disease. Scientists are particularly interested in charting the location of SNPs—single nucleotide polymorphisms—throughout the genome. SNPs are DNA sequence variations, or mutations, that... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526181.xml |
387272 | A Mechanism for Adding the First Link in a Nascent Actin Filament Chain | null | The capacity for self-generated movement is a defining characteristic of animal life. With the molecular components of cellular locomotion conserved in organisms from protozoa to vertebrates, directed cell motility appears to be an ancient cell process, likely dating back a billion years. Most directed motion relies on... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC387272.xml |
529271 | Practice patterns of naturopathic physicians: results from a random survey of licensed practitioners in two US States | Background Despite the growing use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by consumers in the U.S., little is known about the practice of CAM providers. The objective of this study was to describe and compare the practice patterns of naturopathic physicians in Washington State and Connecticut. Methods Telephon... | Background The number of Americans using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) rose from 34% to 42% from 1990 to 1997, with annual spending for CAM therapies in excess of $21 billion [ 1 ]. The majority of the research on the use of CAM services has focused on patients or consumers of CAM. Several patient charac... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529271.xml |
516042 | Binding of estrogen receptor with estrogen conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) | Background The classic model of estrogen action requires that the estrogen receptor (ER) activates gene expression by binding directly or indirectly to DNA. Recent studies, however, strongly suggest that ER can act through nongenomic signal transduction pathways and may be mediated by a membrane bound form of the ER. E... | Background For many years, estrogen actions have been presumed to be mediated almost exclusively through the regulation of target gene transcription by a chromosomal bound estrogen receptor. These genomic estrogen effects are the well described interactions between the estrogen receptor and adapter transcription factor... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516042.xml |
549546 | A quantitative survey of intern's knowledge of communication skills: an Iranian exploration | Background It is a high priority that health care providers have effective communication skills. It has been well documented that the doctor-patient relationship is central to the delivery of high quality medical care, and it has been shown to affect patient satisfaction, to decrease the use of pain killers, to shorten... | Background The expectations of the public have been dramatically increased and the majority of them are familiar with their rights in the health care system. As a consequence, it is a high priority that health care providers have effective communication skills. It has been well documented that the doctor-patient relati... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549546.xml |
529259 | BIOKID: Randomized controlled trial comparing bicarbonate and lactate buffer in biocompatible peritoneal dialysis solutions in children [ISRCTN81137991] | Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the preferred dialysis modality in children. Its major drawback is the limited technique survival due to infections and progressive ultrafiltration failure. Conventional PD solutions exert marked acute and chronic toxicity to local tissues. Prolonged exposure is associated with se... | Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the preferred dialysis modality in children. Advantages of PD over hemodialysis relevant to pediatric patients include its compatibility with a normal lifestyle and full psychosocial integration, the continuous mode of blood purification without dysequilibrium conditions, the abse... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529259.xml |
526195 | Day-to-day variations during clinical drug monitoring of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide serum concentrations in cancer patients. A prospective observational study | Background The feasibility of drug monitoring of serum concentrations of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) during chronic morphine therapy is not established. One important factor relevant to drug monitoring is to what extent morphine, M6G and M3G serum concentrations fluctuate dur... | Background Morphine is degraded in the liver to several metabolites of which morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) are biological active [ 1 ]. M6G is shown to contribute to the analgesia produced by morphine and may cause opioid related adverse effects such as sedation or nausea [ 2 - 5 ]. Due ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526195.xml |
544937 | Reticulate sympatric speciation in Cameroonian crater lake cichlids | Background Traditionally the rapid origin of megadiverse species flocks of extremely closely related species is explained by the combinatory action of three factors: Disruptive natural selection, disruptive sexual selection and partial isolation by distance. However, recent empirical data and theoretical advances sugge... | Background Recent empirical data and theoretical advances suggest that the diversity of complex species assemblages is based at least partially on the hybridization of numerous ancestral allopatric lineages that formed hybrids upon invasion of new environments [ 1 - 5 ]. A growing amount of studies show that cytoplasma... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544937.xml |
514494 | Policing Relative Conflicts of Interest in Social Insects | Workers of social insects prevent other workers laying eggs to increase colony efficiency and not -- as traditionally thought - purely because workers are more related to the queen of the colony | The order and harmony that appears to bless the lives of many social insects, from ants to bees, has long fascinated naturalists. That individual workers seem to routinely sacrifice their own (reproductive) interests for the good of the colony has also piqued the interest of philosophers and kings, for obvious reasons.... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514494.xml |
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