pmcid stringlengths 6 6 | title stringlengths 9 374 | abstract stringlengths 2 4.62k ⌀ | fulltext stringlengths 167 106k | file_path stringlengths 64 64 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
546334 | Novel Enzyme Shows Potential as an Anti-HIV Target | null | At just 9.8 kilobases, the HIV genome pales in comparison to the 3.2 gigabases of its human and nonhuman primate targets. The compact retrovirus encodes just 14 proteins, which play different roles in promoting viral infection and virulence. As a retrovirus, HIV uses the host's cellular machinery—including RNA polymera... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546334.xml |
509422 | Use and improvement of microbial redox enzymes for environmental purposes | Industrial development may result in the increase of environmental risks. The enzymatic transformation of polluting compounds to less toxic or even innocuous products is an alternative to their complete removal. In this regard, a number of different redox enzymes are able to transform a wide variety of toxic pollutants... | Introduction Chromate reductases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the reduction of toxic and carcinogenic Cr(VI) to the less soluble and less toxic Cr(III). These proteins have recently raised enormous interest because of their central role in mediating chromium toxicity and their potential use in bioremediation an... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509422.xml |
545199 | Climate Drives the Meningitis Epidemics Onset in West Africa | Background Every year West African countries within the Sahelo-Sudanian band are afflicted with major meningococcal meningitis (MCM) disease outbreaks, which affect up to 200,000 people, mainly young children, in one of the world's poorest regions. The timing of the epidemic year, which starts in February and ends in l... | Introduction Meningococcal meningitis (MCM) has affected Sahelian Africa for centuries and became endemic over the past 25 y. During the 1980s, the World Health Organization (WHO) registered between 25,000 and 200,000 disease cases per year, with about 10% of them resulting in death, and with the highest infection rate... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545199.xml |
300884 | Structure and Implications of JAMM, a Novel Metalloprotease | null | Proteins may be the workhorse of the cell, but when a cell can synthesize one protein in a matter of minutes, chances are some will become obsolete. Though many proteins put in years of productive service, others quickly outlive their usefulness and can even damage the cell. Proteins that help form bone and muscle, for... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC300884.xml |
539287 | Soy versus whey protein bars: Effects on exercise training impact on lean body mass and antioxidant status | Background Although soy protein may have many health benefits derived from its associated antioxidants, many male exercisers avoid soy protein. This is due partly to a popular, but untested notion that in males, soy is inferior to whey in promoting muscle weight gain. This study provided a direct comparison between a s... | Background Many male exercisers avoid soy protein because there is a perception that it is inferior to proteins like whey for supporting lean boss mass gain. This perception persists even though there are no studies comparing whey and soy for effects on lean body mass gain. Soy may actually help promote lean body mass ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539287.xml |
539244 | The role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) during ovarian follicular development in sheep | Background Recently, several members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily have been shown to be essential for regulating the growth and differentiation of ovarian follicles and thus fertility. Methods Ovaries of neonatal and adult sheep were examined for expression of the TGF-betas 1–3 and thei... | Background Members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily are important intraovarian growth factors [ 1 - 6 ]. Three key members of the TGF-β subfamily, namely TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3, have been shown to be produced by ovarian cells [ 7 - 13 ]. However, the cellular distribution of these proteins ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539244.xml |
490028 | Genome-Wide Survey of Cohesin: A Molecular Guardian of Genomic Fidelity | null | At a fundamental level, the continuity of life depends on cell division. Humans generate many millions of cells per second just to stay alive, with most cell types dividing and multiplying repeatedly during a lifetime. Details of cell division vary from cell to cell and organism to organism, but certain features are un... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC490028.xml |
548319 | Iron homeostasis in neuronal cells: a role for IREG1 | Background Iron is necessary for neuronal function but in excess generates neurodegeneration. Although most of the components of the iron homeostasis machinery have been described in neurons, little is known about the particulars of their iron homeostasis. In this work we characterized the response of SH-SY5Y neuroblas... | Background Because of its intense oxidative metabolism, the brain consumes a high fraction of total oxygen generating large amounts of reactive oxygen species [ 1 , 2 ]. Although brain antioxidant defenses function properly during most of human life, a number of neurodegenerative processes which involve redox-active ir... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548319.xml |
524214 | The big problem of the missing cytology slides | Cytology slides are often unique and irreplaceable. Unlike surgical pathology cases, where additional paraffin sections can be cut, cytology slides often cannot be duplicated because there are only a few direct smears or the diagnostic material is present on a single slide. Cytology slides are often "sent out" to other... | 1. What is already known on this topic? A WestLaw search (similar to PubMed, but searches state and federal cases and statutes as well as commentary) uncovered only a handful of reported appellate cases that directly applied to the issue of lost cytology slides. There are many cases and statutes dealing with lost and a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524214.xml |
554094 | Ultrasound imaging versus morphopathology in cardiovascular diseases. Coronary collateral circulation and atherosclerotic plaque | This review article is aimed at comparing the results of histopathological and clinical imaging studies to assess coronary collateral circulation in humans. The role of collaterals, as emerging from morphological studies in both normal and atherosclerotic coronary vessels, is described; in addition, present role and fu... | In the past 25 years, the concept of a compensatory function of the coronary collaterals (or anastomoses) – i.e. vessels that join different coronary arteries or branches – has been practically cancelled from the mind of cardiologists since cineangiography shows that the onset of coronary heart disease (CHD) occurs ind... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554094.xml |
545600 | Bioconductor: open software development for computational biology and bioinformatics | A detailed description of the aims and methods of the Bioconductor project, an initiative for the collaborative creation of extensible software for computational biology and bioinformatics. | Background The Bioconductor project [ 1 ] is an initiative for the collaborative creation of extensible software for computational biology and bioinformatics (CBB). Biology, molecular biology in particular, is undergoing two related transformations. First, there is a growing awareness of the computational nature of man... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545600.xml |
545601 | Development of a method for screening short-lived proteins using green fluorescent protein | A method for identifying short-live proteins using a GFP-fusion cDNA library for monitoring degradation kinetics is described. | Background Cellular proteins differ widely in their lability, ranging from those that are completely stable to those with half-lives measured in minutes. Proteins with a short half-life are among the most critical to the cell. Regulated degradation of specific proteins contributes to the control of signal transduction ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545601.xml |
545198 | Seasonal Patterns of Infectious Diseases | Why is that many infectious diseases, like cholera, malaria, and meningococcal meningitis, show seasonal patterns? And how can we accurately determine these patterns? | Meningococcal meningitis in western Africa shows recurrent seasonal patterns every year. Epidemics typically start at the beginning of February and last until May. We can try to explain the observed patterns on the basis of some seasonally varying environmental factor that favors disease transmission. Air dryness produ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545198.xml |
509423 | Similar group mean scores, but large individual variations, in patient-relevant outcomes over 2 years in meniscectomized subjects with and without radiographic knee osteoarthritis | Background Epidemiological studies have, so far, identified factors associated with increased risk for incident or progressive OA, such as age, sex, heredity, obesity, and joint injury. There is, however, a paucity of long-term data that provide information on the nature of disease progression on either group or indivi... | Background Drugs that may slow or halt the breakdown of cartilage and other joint tissues in osteoarthritis (OA) and possibly improve symptoms and function are now being developed in the pharmaceutical industry. The potential availability of disease modifying OA drugs has focused attention on our relative lack of infor... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509423.xml |
526371 | An unusual case of an ulcerative colitis flare resulting in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and a bladder hematoma: a case report | Background Disorders of coagulation have long been associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Children, as well as adults, with both active and inactive ulcerative colitis have been found to have abnormal coagulation and fibrinolysis. Disseminated intravascular coagulation arises from an overwhelming of the haemostati... | Background A wide variety of disorders are associated with the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Initiation usually involves mechanical tissue injury and or endothelial cell activation and injury. DIC arises from an overwhelming of the haemostatic regulatory mechanisms leading to an excessive... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526371.xml |
539292 | Passive immunotherapy against Aβ in aged APP-transgenic mice reverses cognitive deficits and depletes parenchymal amyloid deposits in spite of increased vascular amyloid and microhemorrhage | Background Anti-Aβ immunotherapy in transgenic mice reduces both diffuse and compact amyloid deposits, improves memory function and clears early-stage phospho-tau aggregates. As most Alzheimer disease cases occur well past midlife, the current study examined adoptive transfer of anti-Aβ antibodies to 19- and 23-month o... | Background Alzheimer's disease is characterized not only by the presence of parenchymal amyloid deposits and intracellular tangles but also by the presence of amyloid deposits in the vasculature, a condition referred to as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The CAA observed in both Alzheimer's disease patients [ 1 ] an... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539292.xml |
554095 | The role of NGOs in global health research for development | Background Global health research is essential for development. A major issue is the inequitable distribution of research efforts and funds directed towards populations suffering the world's greatest health problems. This imbalance is fostering major attempts at redirecting research to the health problems of low and mi... | " Each country needs to be able to generate knowledge relevant to its own situation, to allow it to determine its particular health problems, appraise the measures available for dealing with them, and choose the actions likely to produce the greatest improvement in health. This should not be seen as the exclusive prese... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554095.xml |
539286 | HTLV-1 and -2 envelope SU subdomains and critical determinants in receptor binding | Background Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) -1 and -2 are deltaretroviruses that infect a wide range of cells. Glut1, the major vertebrate glucose transporter, has been shown to be the HTLV Env receptor. While it is well established that the extracellular surface component (SU) of the HTLV envelope glycoprotein (Env)... | Background Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been found primarily in CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes in vivo [ 1 - 3 ], whereas CD8+ T-lymphocytes are thought to be the in vivo reservoir of HTLV-2 [ 4 ]. However, the in vitro tropism of HTLV-1 and -2, as determined using HTLV envelope-pseudotyped virions or e... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539286.xml |
539293 | Metabolic scaling: consensus or controversy? | Background The relationship between body mass (M) and standard metabolic rate (B) among living organisms remains controversial, though it is widely accepted that in many cases B is approximately proportional to the three-quarters power of M. Results The biological significance of the straight-line plots obtained over w... | Introduction: Kleiber and metabolic scaling In 1932, Kleiber published a paper in an obscure journal [ 1 ] showing that standard metabolic rates among mammals varied with the three-quarters power of body mass: the so-called "elephant to mouse curve", termed "Kleiber's law" in this review. Since that date, this and simi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539293.xml |
549563 | The Darlington and Northallerton Long Term Asthma Study: pulmonary function | Background The Darlington and Northallerton Asthma Study is an observational cohort study started in 1983. At that time little was published about long term outcome in asthma and the contribution of change in reversible disease or airway remodelling to any excess deterioration in function. The study design included reg... | Background It is recognised that the average decline in pulmonary function is greater in asthmatic subjects than in the general population [ 1 , 2 ]. This might be due to deterioration in potentially reversible disease [ 3 ] or the development of persistent obstruction following airway remodelling [ 4 ]. The published ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549563.xml |
514499 | Stress echocardiography in heart failure | Echocardiography has the ability to noninvasively explore hemodynamic variables during pharmacologic or exercise stress test in patients with heart failure. In this review, we detail some important potential applications of stress echocardiography in patients with heart failure. In patients with coronary artery disease... | Background The identification of viable hibernating myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease and chronic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is, up to today, the most common use of stress echocardiography in patients with heart failure. However, to search viable myocardium or the presence of contractile reserv... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514499.xml |
539279 | Proportional odds ratio model for comparison of diagnostic tests in meta-analysis | Background Consider a meta-analysis where a 'head-to-head' comparison of diagnostic tests for a disease of interest is intended. Assume there are two or more tests available for the disease, where each test has been studied in one or more papers. Some of the papers may have studied more than one test, hence the results... | Background A diagnostic test, in its simple form, tries to detect presence of a particular condition (disease) in a sample. Usually there are several studies where performance of the diagnostic test is measured by some statistic. One may want to combine such studies to get a good picture of performance of the test, a m... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539279.xml |
529297 | Assessment of the dynamics of atrial signals and local atrial period series during atrial fibrillation: effects of isoproterenol administration | Background The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important role in the genesis and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF), but quantification of its electrophysiologic effects is extremely complex and difficult. Aim of the study was to evaluate the capability of linear and non-linear indexes to capture the fine ... | Background Atrial Fibrillation (AF) results from multiple, rapidly changing and spatially disorganized activation wavelets sweeping across the surface of the atria [ 1 ]. Among factors contributing to genesis and / or maintenance of circulating wavelets, Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) seems to play a major pro-arrhythm... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529297.xml |
526417 | Genome wide analysis of common and specific stress responses in adult drosophila melanogaster | Background During their life, multicellular organisms are challenged with oxidative stress. It is generated by several reactive oxygen species (ROS), may limit lifespan and has been related to several human diseases. ROS can generate a wide variety of defects in many cellular components and thus the response of the org... | Background Cells are frequently submitted to exogenous or endogenous stresses. In aerobic cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by respiration and other biological processes, are a major source of endogenous stress. These ROS include the superoxide radical (O 2 • - ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and the highl... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526417.xml |
521185 | MicroRNA Is a Major Regulator | null | Since their discovery a decade ago, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as major regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes of all kinds. Only 20 to 40 nucleotides long, a miRNA binds to a specific target sequence within a much longer messenger RNA (mRNA), inhibiting its translation and thus controlling expression of the ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521185.xml |
548669 | clc is co-expressed with clf or cntfr in developing mouse muscles | Background The ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor is composed of two signalling receptor chains, gp130 and the leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor, associated with a non-signalling CNTF binding receptor α component (CNTFR). This tripartite receptor has been shown to play important roles in the development of ... | Background CLC (cardiotrophin-like cytokine) shares homology with CNTF (ciliary neurotrophic factor) and CT-1 (cardiotrophin-1) and requires co-expression with either CLF (cytokine-like factor-1) or the soluble form of the CNTFR to be secreted [ 1 , 2 ]. The CLC-CLF heterodimer displays activities only on cells express... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548669.xml |
539245 | Current practices in spatial analysis of cancer data: data characteristics and data sources for geographic studies of cancer | The use of spatially referenced data in cancer studies is gaining in prominence, fueled by the development and availability of spatial analytic tools and the broadening recognition of the linkages between geography and health. We provide an overview of some of the unique characteristics of spatial data, followed by an ... | Introduction Understanding the spatial patterns of diseases in a population can provide insight as to their causes and controls. Indeed, this notion is at the very root of the field of epidemiology [ 1 ]. The recent explosion in data gathering, linkage and analysis capabilities fostered by computing technology, particu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539245.xml |
212700 | Developmental Origins and Evolution of Buchnera Host Cells | null | When it comes to exploiting a niche, endosymbionts take the prize. In endosymbiosis, one organism—the endosymbiont —invades the cells of another, in some cases taking up residence in a way that actually benefits the host. Bacteria are particularly adept at making themselves indispensable by insinuating themselves into ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC212700.xml |
539053 | Imaging Lymph Nodes with Nanoparticles | null | Accurate staging of cancers is one of the most important parts of the work up of patients for both prediction of prognosis and determination of the most appropriate treatment. And an essential part of this work up is assessing whether or not there has been lymphatic spread. Current methods include surgical removal of n... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539053.xml |
387280 | Phage Display Libraries Identify T Cells | null | Doctors and researchers often look for the rapid proliferation of T cell populations, key defensive players in the immune system, as a telltale sign that the body is working hard to fend off a foreign threat. Every one of these circulating white blood cells carries a T cell receptor (TCR) that binds to a specific prote... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC387280.xml |
549205 | Quantitative evaluation and modeling of two-dimensional neovascular network complexity: the surface fractal dimension | Background Modeling the complex development and growth of tumor angiogenesis using mathematics and biological data is a burgeoning area of cancer research. Architectural complexity is the main feature of every anatomical system, including organs, tissues, cells and sub-cellular entities. The vascular system is a comple... | Background The term "angiogenesis" defines the fundamental process of the development and growth of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature, and is essential for reproduction, development and wound repair [ 1 ]. Under these conditions, it is highly regulated: i.e. "turned on" for brief periods of time (days... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549205.xml |
549211 | Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia recognition by nonlinear descriptor | Background Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are ventricular cardiac arrhythmia that could be catastrophic and life threatening. Correct and timely detection of VT or VF can save lives. Methods In this paper, a multiscale-based non-linear descriptor, the Hurst index, is proposed to characte... | Introduction If a life-threatening ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) is detected promptly, a high energy electrical shock can be delivered to the heart, in an attempt to return the heart to a normal sinus rhythm (NSR). If a normal sinus rhythm is misinterpreted as VT or VF, leading to delive... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549211.xml |
548133 | Effect of bradykinin on nitric oxide production, urea synthesis and viability of rat hepatocyte cultures | Background It is well known that cytotoxic factors, such as lipopolysaccharides, derange nitrogen metabolism in hepatocytes and nitric oxide (NO) is involved among the other factors regulating this metabolic pathway. Hepatocytes have been shown to express large levels of NO following exposure to endotoxins, such as bac... | Background It is well known that cytotoxic factors, such as lipopolysaccharides, derange nitrogen metabolism in hepatocytes and nitric oxide (NO) is involved among the other factors regulating this metabolic pathway [ 1 ]. NO is a free radical that is involved in many cellular events. In the biological systems NO has a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548133.xml |
539251 | Negative and positive childhood experiences across developmental periods in psychiatric patients with different diagnoses – an explorative study | Background A high frequency of childhood abuse has often been reported in adult psychiatric patients. The present survey explores the relationship between psychiatric diagnoses and positive and negative life events during childhood and adulthood in psychiatric samples. Methods A total of 192 patients with diagnoses of ... | Background It is difficult to assess the impact of childhood traumatic events on the psychiatric disorders in adulthood, as neither prospective research studies, nor experimental approaches are possible. Nevertheless, an increasing number of retrospective reports suggest that psychiatric disorders may be related to chi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539251.xml |
539047 | Finding Cures for Tropical Diseases: Is Open Source an Answer? | The Tropical Disease Initiative will be a Web-based, community- wide effort where scientists from the public and private sectors join together to discover new treatments | Only about 1% of newly developed drugs are for tropical diseases, such as African sleeping sickness, dengue fever, and leishmaniasis [1] . While patent incentives and commercial pharmaceutical houses have made Western health care the envy of the world, the commercial model only works if companies can sell enough patent... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539047.xml |
529268 | A high prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders in Iranian instrumentalists | Background Cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) are common in musicians and their prevalence has been the subject of a number of studies in most western countries. Such studies are scarce in developing countries despite the possibility that CTDs may have a different prevalence in these countries, especially when consider... | Background Cumulative trauma disorders, also called repetitive stress injuries, overuse syndromes or repetitive motion injuries [ 1 - 3 ] are common in musicians [ 4 , 5 ] and are caused by repetitive motions. Nerve entrapments, stress fractures, tendonitis, bursitis and muscle strains have been labeled in this categor... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529268.xml |
546042 | Aging and Death in E. coli | null | As human beings, aging and death are an inevitable part of our lives. As we pass through each decade, the concrete signs of aging—greying hair, aches and pains, the gradual failure of one organ system after another—and the realization that we are mortal increasingly occupies our thoughts. All other multicellular animal... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546042.xml |
548696 | Long-term survival rates of laryngeal cancer patients treated by radiation and surgery, radiation alone, and surgery alone : studied by lognormal and Kaplan-Meier survival methods | Background Validation of the use of the lognormal model for predicting long-term survival rates using short-term follow-up data. Methods 907 cases of laryngeal cancer were treated from 1973–1977 by radiation and surgery (248), radiation alone (345), and surgery alone (314), in registries of Connecticut and Metropolitan... | Background Literature review [ 1 ] indicated that local control, laryngeal preservation, and survival rates of larynegeal cancer patients were similar after transoral laser resection, open partial laryngectomy, and radiotherapy. Open partial laryngectomy was reserved for patients with locally recurrent tumors. There ar... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548696.xml |
548682 | Daily antibiotic cost of nosocomial infections in a Turkish university hospital | Background Many studies associated nosocomial infections with increased hospital costs due to extra days in hospital, staff time, extra investigations and drug treatment. The cost of antibiotic treatment for these infections represents a significant part of hospital expenditure. This prospective observational study was... | Background Nosocomial infections are frequent complications of hospitalization and also an important public health problem in developing countries, as well as in developed ones. The socioeconomic impact, ie, prolongation of hospitalization, mortality, and cost of these infections adversely effects patients and nations'... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548682.xml |
514894 | Towards the development of a DNA-sequence based approach to serotyping of Salmonella enterica | Background The fliC and fljB genes in Salmonella code for the phase 1 (H1) and phase 2 (H2) flagellin respectively, the rfb cluster encodes the majority of enzymes for polysaccharide (O) antigen biosynthesis, together they determine the antigenic profile by which Salmonella are identified. Sequencing and characterisati... | Background Salmonella express flagellar (H), polysaccharide (O) and capsular (Vi) antigens which determine strain pathogenicity and therefore variation of these antigens has formed the basis for Salmonella serotyping. The Kauffmann-White scheme, first published in 1929, divides Salmonella into more than 2500 serotypes ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514894.xml |
545211 | Meningitis and Climate in West Africa | null | Many different things combine to cause epidemics of disease. Among these factors are the characteristics of the infecting organism, the resistance of the host, and, as is increasingly realized, climatic conditions. El Niño, the best known climatic disturbance, is caused by a warming of the Pacific Ocean, which then aff... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545211.xml |
549588 | Case-Based Study: From Prediabetes to Complications—Opportunities for Prevention | A 31-year-old man presents with central obesity, hypertension, and abnormal lipids. How would you manage this patient? | DESCRIPTION of CASE A 31-year-old white male with no significant past medical history is referred by his workplace to a primary care physician for an elevated blood pressure (BP). He presents to the clinic with no complaints. His mother and grandmother both have diabetes, and his father has hypertension. He has had a 1... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549588.xml |
514704 | Maternal microchimerism in the livers of patients with Biliary atresia | Background Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal cholestatic disease of unknown etiology. It is the leading cause of liver transplantation in children. Many similarities exist between BA and graft versus host disease suggesting engraftment of maternal cells during gestation could result in immune responses that lead to BA... | Background Biliary atresia (BA) is a cholestatic disease of infancy characterized by the destruction of the biliary tree. [ 1 - 3 ] Both the intra-and extra-hepatic biliary ducts demonstrate evidence of a progressive destruction. This results in cholestasis, hepatic fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. BA is associated w... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514704.xml |
555758 | JAtlasView: a Java atlas-viewer for browsing biomedical 3D images and atlases | Background Many three-dimensional (3D) images are routinely collected in biomedical research and a number of digital atlases with associated anatomical and other information have been published. A number of tools are available for viewing this data ranging from commercial visualization packages to freely available, typ... | Background Three-dimensional (3D) images are now commonplace in biomedical research. Techniques for direct capture of 3D data are widespread and new techniques are becoming available, [ 1 , 2 ] to complement existing sectioning methods [ 3 ], confocal and micro-CT/MRI [ 4 ]. In addition such data is being stored in dat... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555758.xml |
529254 | Peroxynitrite-mediated inactivation of heme oxygenases | Background Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) are generated by nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase, respectively. Like NO, CO has been accepted as an important cellular signaling molecule in biological systems. An up-regulation in both gene and protein expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) under... | Background Heme oxygenases (HO, EC 1.14.99.3) are a highly conserved family of proteins that catalyse the oxidative cleavage of heme at the α-meso carbon to yield equimolar amounts of iron, carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently reduced to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Three distinct isozy... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529254.xml |
529320 | All HEPped Up about Methylation | null | For a recipe to become a meal, it's often necessary to embellish or modify the basic instructions—and to keep a note of the changes that work, so that it can be just as delicious next time around. The same is true for a gene, whose basic recipe—its nucleotide sequence—can be heritably annotated to “epigenetically” infl... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529320.xml |
406512 | Effects of fire and fire intensity on the germination and establishment of Acacia karroo, Acacia nilotica, Acacia luederitzii and Dichrostachys cinerea in the field | Background While fire has been used in some instances to control the increase of woody plants, it has also been reported that fire may cause an increase in certain fire-tolerant Acacia tree species. This study investigated germination of Acacia karroo , A. luederitzii and Dichrostachys cinerea , thought to be increasin... | Background The increasing density in the woody component of savannas has been widely reported [ 1 - 5 ] with special mention being made of Acacia karroo Hayne [ 6 , 7 ] and A. nilotica (L.) Willd. Ex Del. subsp. kraussiana (Benth.) Brenan, [ 8 , 9 ]. in some areas, as major contributors to the phenomenon. In Hluhluwe-i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC406512.xml |
545205 | Gene Mutations in Lung Cancer: Promising Predictive Factors for the Success of Molecular Therapy | Gefitinib and erlotinib are two new treatments for advanced lung cancer. Gene mutations in the cancer may help predict which patients will respond to these treatments | Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in many countries. To date, cause of cancer death in chemotherapy with cytotoxic agents has been the mainstay of treatment for advanced lung cancer. However, the activity of these agents is quite limited, and they have severe adverse effects. Recent, rapid advances in molecular... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545205.xml |
535899 | Divergence of the mRNA targets for the Ssb proteins of bacteriophages T4 and RB69 | The single-strand binding (Ssb) protein of phage T4 (T4 gp32, product of gene 32) is a mRNA-specific autogenous translational repressor, in addition to being a sequence-independent ssDNA-binding protein that participates in phage DNA replication, repair and recombination. It is not clear how this physiologically essent... | Introduction T4 gp32, the single-strand binding (Ssb) protein of bacteriophage T4, is a well studied member of the Ssb protein family, and was the first such ssDNA-binding replication protein to be discovered [ 1 ]. The protein, product of T4 gene 32, is an essential component of the phage DNA replication complex and a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535899.xml |
529452 | Fibromatosis of the hand associated with EMO syndrome: A Case report | Background EMO syndrome, defined as a triad including exophthalmus, pretibial myxedema and osteoarthropathia, is a rare condition in patients suffering from hyperthyreosis. Case presentation We here describe an interesting case of EMO syndrome associated with unilateral fibromatosis of the hand and an initial stage of ... | Background EMO syndrome is a rare condition seen in patients suffering from hyperthyreosis. It is defined as a triad of exophthalmus, pretibial myxedema and osteoarthropathia occurring in less than 1% of patients suffering from Graves' disease [ 1 ]. We here describe an unusual case of EMO syndrome associated with unil... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529452.xml |
535906 | Transcriptional oscillation of canonical clock genes in mouse peripheral tissues | Background The circadian rhythm of about 24 hours is a fundamental physiological function observed in almost all organisms from prokaryotes to humans. Identification of clock genes has allowed us to study the molecular bases for circadian behaviors and temporal physiological processes such as hormonal secretion, and ha... | Background The circadian rhythm of about 24 hours is a fundamental physiological function observed in almost all organisms from prokaryotes to humans. Circadian rhythms have been known to be generated in pacemaker cells, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of hypothalamus in mammals, and entrained by environmental cues, s... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535906.xml |
526761 | First successful case of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer with venom immunotherapy for hymenoptera sting allergy | Background To describe immune and endocrine responses in severe hymenoptera hypersensitivity requiring venom immunotherapy (VIT) during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Case presentation A 39-year old patient was referred for history of multiple miscarriage and a history of insect sting allergy. Four years earlier, she be... | Introduction Insect sting allergies affect approximately 3% of the general population, and patients with insect sting allergy during pregnancy are generally advised to continue venom immunotherapy (VIT). However, there have been no descriptions of VIT during infertility therapy despite increased utilization of the adva... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526761.xml |
555943 | PHACCS, an online tool for estimating the structure and diversity of uncultured viral communities using metagenomic information | Background Phages, viruses that infect prokaryotes, are the most abundant microbes in the world. A major limitation to studying these viruses is the difficulty of cultivating the appropriate prokaryotic hosts. One way around this limitation is to directly clone and sequence shotgun libraries of uncultured viral communi... | Background Most environmental viruses are phages (a.k.a., bacteriophages) that infect prokaryotic cells, both Bacteria and Archaea. On average there are about ten phage particles per host cell [ 1 ]. Extrapolations from the number of prokaryotes [ 2 ] make phages the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere w... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555943.xml |
524189 | Analysis of Maxi-K alpha subunit splice variants in human myometrium | Background Large-conductance, calcium-activated potassium (Maxi-K) channels are implicated in the modulation of human uterine contractions and myometrial Ca 2 + homeostasis. However, the regulatory mechanism(s) governing the expression of Maxi-K channels with decreased calcium sensitivity at parturition are unclear. Th... | Background The regulatory mechanisms for uterine smooth muscle contractility during human pregnancy and labour are poorly understood. Such information is essential to understanding the clinical problems associated with human parturition and particularly preterm or premature labour. It is clear however that the myometri... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524189.xml |
514710 | Use and comparison of different internal ribosomal entry sites (IRES) in tricistronic retroviral vectors | Background Polycistronic retroviral vectors that contain several therapeutic genes linked via internal ribosome entry sites (IRES), provide new and effective tools for the co-expression of exogenous cDNAs in clinical gene therapy protocols. For example, tricistronic retroviral vectors could be used to genetically modif... | Background Gene therapy protocols would strongly benefit from the development of a one step technique that would allow cells to be genetically modified through the introduction of several therapeutic genes. In order to induce the translation and expression of exogenous cDNAs, carried by a single vector, researchers hav... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514710.xml |
529446 | Hereditary risk factors for the development of gastric cancer in younger patients | Background It is believed that the development of gastric cancer (GC) before the age of 50 has a hereditary basis. Blood group A and history of gastric cancer in first-degree relatives have been shown to be risk factors for GC. Methods In this case-control study, we enrolled patients with GC who were diagnosed before t... | Background Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world [ 1 ]. Its incidence varies considerably worldwide [ 2 ]. In general, it is a larger problem in developing countries than in industrialized nations, and shows a predilection for urban and lower socioeconomic groups [ 3 , 4 ].... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529446.xml |
515368 | Genetic Analysis of Pathways Regulated by the von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor in Caenorhabditis elegans | The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor functions as a ubiquitin ligase that mediates proteolytic inactivation of hydroxylated α subunits of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Although studies of VHL-defective renal carcinoma cells suggest the existence of other VHL tumor suppressor pathways, dysregulation of the HIF... | Introduction The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene is a tumor suppressor that is mutated in the majority of both hereditary and sporadic, clear-cell renal carcinomas ( Kaelin 2002 ). In hereditary VHL disease affected individuals are also predisposed to pheochromocytomas and retinal/central nervous system hemangioblastomas ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515368.xml |
423157 | Ethereal Ethics | In response to the Blackburn and Rowley essay on the President's Council on Bioethics, several thought-provoking opinions on ethical challenges in biomedical research are expressed by prominent stakeholders | It is a great pity when vested interest and dogma dominate what should be a well-informed and rational debate. The essay by Elizabeth Blackburn and Janet Rowley (2004) , about the output and the workings of the President's Council on Bioethics, therefore prompted in me a strong reaction of sadness and despair, although... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423157.xml |
555764 | The role of the MAPK pathway alterations in GM-CSF modulated human neutrophil apoptosis with aging | Background Neutrophils represent the first line of defence against aggressions. The programmed death of neutrophils is delayed by pro-inflammatory stimuli to ensure a proper resolution of the inflammation in time and place. The pro-inflammatory stimuli include granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). ... | Introduction Neutrophils represent the first line of defence against aggressions [ 1 ]. They are the first cells to arrive at the site of the aggression. Neutrophils can directly eliminate the invading organisms, but most of the time they set the stage, with other cells of the innate immune system including macrophages... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555764.xml |
549601 | Why Bigger Is Not Yet Better: The Problems with Huge Datasets | Traditional two dimensional journal publishing may no longer be enough, and may be hindering, the interpretation of the complex datasets and analyses generated by microarray experiments in medicine | “Publishing results in traditional paper based way in a journal hides too much information.” This is the verdict of Markus Ruschhaupt and colleagues who, in a paper in Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology (3: article 37), discuss a paradigm for the presentation of complex data—in this case, from m... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549601.xml |
526775 | Serum adiponectin as a biomarker for in vivo PPARgamma activation and PPARgamma agonist-induced efficacy on insulin sensitization/lipid lowering in rats | Background PPARγ agonists ameliorate insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Adiponectin possesses insulin sensitizing properties, and predicts insulin sensitivity of both glucose and lipid metabolism. In diet-induced insulin resistant rats and ZDF rats, the current studies determined the corre... | Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome are characterized by resistance to the action of insulin in peripheral tissues, including skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose. Activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) improves insulin sensitivity and lowers circulati... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526775.xml |
524176 | Participant characteristics associated with withdrawal from a large randomized trial of spermicide effectiveness | Background In most recent large efficacy trials of barrier contraceptive methods, a high proportion of participants withdrew before the intended end of follow-up. The objective of this analysis was to explore characteristics of participants who failed to complete seven months of planned participation in a trial of sper... | Background Retention of participants has been a consistent problem in clinical studies of barrier contraceptive methods. For example, in six large studies of condoms, diaphragms, and spermicides conducted in the past decade, more than 30% of the participants failed for reasons other than pregnancy to complete the inten... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524176.xml |
423143 | Integrin Bidirectional Signaling: A Molecular View | Cells receive and send signals across the plasma membrane using the integrin family of receptors. What is it about their structure that can mediate their function? | It goes without saying that the cellular plasma membrane effectively creates a barrier between the inside (intracellular area) and outside (extracellular area) of the cell it defines. In order for the cell to sense and respond to its environment (including other cells and the supporting structures that comprise the ext... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423143.xml |
529308 | The role of thallium-201 and pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid for staging cartilaginous tumours | Introduction Heterogeneity of cartilage tumours may confound accurate diagnosis and grading resulting in under and over treatment. Improved preoperative assessment of malignancy and grade would be invaluable for developing a rational plan for treatment. We examined correlations between nuclear tracer avidity and malign... | Background Traditionally, the determination of malignancy and its grade in cartilage tumours has been from the combination of history, radiographic features with or without computed tomography and histologic examination [ 1 - 3 ]. More recently, magnetic resonance imaging has also been employed [ 4 - 6 ]. However, cart... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529308.xml |
555957 | Preprandial ghrelin is not affected by macronutrient intake, energy intake or energy expenditure | Background Ghrelin, a peptide secreted by endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract, is a hormone purported to have a significant effect on food intake and energy balance in humans. The influence of factors related to energy balance on ghrelin, such as daily energy expenditure, energy intake, and macronutrient inta... | Background Ghrelin, a peptide secreted by endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract, is thought to play a significant role in the regulation of energy balance due to its effects on the stimulation of food intake [ 1 , 2 ] and weight gain [ 1 - 3 ] in rodents. It has been suggested that ghrelin may also play a role ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555957.xml |
300700 | In PLoS Biology, volume 1, issue 1: | null | One of the variants associated with increased diabetes risk was incorrectly indicated throughout this article. The A1369S variant in the gene ABCCB should have been written S1369A. The alanine variant is associated with increased risk. This mistake affects Tables 2 and 4, the text of the article in the section entitled... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC300700.xml |
544866 | The association between male infertility and sperm disomy: Evidence for variation in disomy levels among individuals and a correlation between particular semen parameters and disomy of specific chromosome pairs | Background The association between infertility and sperm disomy is well documented. Results vary but most report that men with severely compromised semen parameters have a significantly elevated proportion of disomic sperm. The relationship between individual semen parameters and segregation of specific chromosome pair... | Background The relationship between male infertility and elevated proportions of sperm with extra or missing chromosomes in any given ejaculate is now extensively documented. There have been over 30 studies that have investigated this effect [e.g. [ 1 - 7 ]], and the majority have suggested a highly significant relatio... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544866.xml |
543462 | Integrating HIV Prevention and Treatment: From Slogans to Impact | Background Through major efforts to reduce costs and expand access to antiretroviral therapy worldwide, widespread delivery of effective treatment to people living with HIV/AIDS is now conceivable even in severely resource-constrained settings. However, the potential epidemiologic impact of treatment in the context of ... | Introduction In June 2001, heads of state and government convened a United Nations Special Session on HIV/AIDS and adopted unanimously the “Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS” [ 1 ]. In preparation for that session, Schwartländer et al. published an estimate of the resource needs for an expanded global response to t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543462.xml |
548279 | The importance of socio-economic context for social marketing models for improving reproductive health: Evidence from 555 years of program experience | Background Over the past two decades, social marketing programs have become an important element of the national family planning and HIV prevention strategy in several developing countries. As yet, there has not been any comprehensive empirical assessment to determine which of several social marketing models is most ef... | Background In many developing countries, social marketing program have become an essential component, if not the main component, of the national family planning and HIV prevention strategy. Social marketing programs in reproductive health all aim to improve reproductive health of the target population by using commerci... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548279.xml |
555566 | The levels of plasma low density lipoprotein are independent of cholesterol ester transfer protein in fish-oil fed F1B hamsters | Background Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a major role in regulating the levels of LDL- and HDL-cholesterol. We previously observed a fish-oil-induced elevation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol concentrations and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein... | Background Fish oil, rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), is considered beneficial in lowering the risk of coronary heart disease [ 1 , 2 ]. The beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA are mainly due to reduction in plasma triacylglycerol and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels [ 3 , 4 ]. However, the effect o... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555566.xml |
519022 | Garlic's ability to prevent in vitro Cu2+-induced lipoprotein oxidation in human serum is preserved in heated garlic: effect unrelated to Cu2+-chelation | Background It has been shown that several extracts and compounds derived from garlic are able to inhibit Cu 2+ -induced low density lipoprotein oxidation. In this work we explored if the ability of aqueous garlic extract to prevent in vitro Cu 2+ -induced lipoprotein oxidation in human serum is affected by heating (a) ... | Background Garlic ( Allium sativum ) has been cultivated since ancient times and used as a spice and condiment for many centuries [ 1 ]. During the past years, there has been a growing awareness of the potential medicinal uses of garlic [ 2 - 5 ]. The antioxidant properties of garlic are well documented [ 6 - 8 ]. In p... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC519022.xml |
538749 | Thrombomodulin Ala455Val Polymorphism and the risk of cerebral infarction in a biracial population: the Stroke Prevention in Young Women Study | Background The genes encoding proteins in the thrombomodulin-protein C pathway are promising candidate genes for stroke susceptibility because of their importance in thrombosis regulation and inflammatory response. Several published studies have shown that the Ala455Val thrombomodulin polymorphism is associated with is... | Background Thrombosis is a dynamic balance between factors that promote clot formation, antithrombotic mechanisms, and fibrinolysis. Central to this balance is the thrombomodulin-protein C antithrombotic mechanism. Thrombomodulin forms a 1:1 complex with thrombin on the vascular endothelium, thereby inhibiting the proc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538749.xml |
555599 | wFleaBase: the Daphnia genome database | Background wFleaBase is a database with the necessary infrastructure to curate, archive and share genetic, molecular and functional genomic data and protocols for an emerging model organism, the microcrustacean Daphnia . Commonly known as the water-flea, Daphnia 's ecological merit is unequaled among metazoans, largely... | Background The micro-crustacean Daphnia is a ubiquitous resident of inland waters within all continents of the globe and is the subject of study for numerous biological disciplines including limnology, ecology, physiology, toxicology, population genetics and evolution. Many attributes make this organism an ideal model ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555599.xml |
548523 | The development of a new corporate specific health risk measurement instrument, and its use in investigating the relationship between health and well-being and employee productivity | Background There is a growing body of evidence linking health and well-being to key business issues. Despite this, corporate uptake of workplace health promotion programmes has been slow outside the USA. One possible reason for this is the lack of a generally available health risk measure that is quick and easy to admi... | Background The last decade has seen increasing interest in the health and well-being of the workforce. This has been driven partly by the increasing burden of direct healthcare costs, but also from a recognition that the economy within the developed world has appreciably changed[ 1 , 2 ]. The relative contribution of i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548523.xml |
524360 | Cerebral relapse of metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor during treatment with imatinib mesylate: Case report | Background The management of unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) has previously been difficult as they are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation. The development of imatinib mesylate has made a major impact on the management of advanced GISTs. It is apparent that there are ... | Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal gastrointestinal tumors which can have an aggressive course. Management of these tumors apart from surgical resection has been difficult in the past because they are resistant to conventional chemotherapy [ 1 ] and radiation. The development of ima... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524360.xml |
545952 | Analysis of the kinetic mechanism of recombinant human isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase (Icmt) | Background Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (Icmt) is the third of three enzymes that posttranslationally modify proteins that contain C-terminal CaaX motifs. The processing of CaaX proteins through this so-called prenylation pathway via a route initiated by addition of an isoprenoid lipid is required for b... | Background Posttranslational modification of eukaryotic proteins with lipids is a prevalent mechanism for controlling the subcellular localization and activity of these proteins [ 1 ]. Most proteins terminating in a CaaX sequence (C, cysteine; "a", generally an aliphatic residue; X, the carboxy-terminal residue) are su... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545952.xml |
544872 | Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal pathology: New threats of the old friend | The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric carcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. It infects over 50% of the worlds' population, however, only a small subset of infected people experience H. pylori -associated illnesses. Associations... | Introduction Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that colonizes the harshly acidic milieu of the human stomach. More than half of the world's population carries this infection. Infection rates vary among the developed and developing countries of the world. H. pylori infection is on a steep decline in most of the western... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544872.xml |
545946 | Systems validation: application to statistical programs | Background In 2003, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a guidance document on the scope of "Part 11" enforcement. In this guidance document, the FDA indicates an expectation of a risk-based approach to determining which systems should undergo validation. Since statistical programs manage and ... | Background The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has defined validation as "confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that computer system specifications conform to user needs and intended uses, and that all requirements can be consistently fulfilled" [ 1 ]. Validation is a process ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545946.xml |
555572 | Reliability and validity of the AGREE instrument used by physical therapists in assessment of clinical practice guidelines | Background The AGREE instrument has been validated for evaluating Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) pertaining to medical care. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of physical therapists using the AGREE to assess quality of CPGs relevant to physical therapy practice. Methods A total of 69 physical therap... | Background Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are one option for promotion of quality in health services [ 1 - 6 ] Many countries are faced with common challenges in delivering high-quality health care with available resources and have pursued the development of CPGs as a means to optimize effective and efficient care... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555572.xml |
524374 | Perceptions of first and third year medical students on self-study and reporting processes of problem-based learning | Background The objective of this study is to investigate the perceptions of first and third year medical students on self-study and reporting processes of Problem-based Learning (PBL) sessions and their usage of learning resources. Methods The questionnaire applied to the students consisted of; questions about students... | Background The institution of the present study, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine (DEUSM), has been implementing Problem-based Learning (PBL) in its undergraduate curriculum since the 1997–1998 academic year. The duration of undergraduate medical education is six years. PBL is the principal educational strateg... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524374.xml |
527872 | Melanoma-restricted genes | Human metastatic cutaneous melanoma has gained a well deserved reputation for its immune responsiveness. The reason(s) remain(s) unknown. We attempted previously to characterize several variables that may affect the relationship between tumor and host immune cells but, taken one at the time, none yielded a convincing e... | Background Human metastatic cutaneous melanoma relative to other common solid tumors shares with renal cell cancer (RCC) the well deserved reputation of being responsive to immune manipulation [ 1 , 2 ]. However, the reason(s) for this phenomenon remain(s) largely unknown [ 3 ]. Possibly, metastatic cutaneous melanoma ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC527872.xml |
526205 | Fear of nuclear war increases the risk of common mental disorders among young adults: a five-year follow-up study | Background Evidence on the relation between fear of war and mental health is insufficient. We carried out a prospective cohort study to find out whether fear of nuclear war is related to increased risk of common mental disorders. Methods Within two months preceding the outbreak of Persian Gulf War in January 1991, 1518... | Background Risks of war and terrorism are threatening our health, both directly in actual life and also indirectly by the increasingly violent content of video games and other forms of entertainment. How does this affect mental health? Earlier during the cold war period, fear of war was found to be common among adolesc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526205.xml |
548290 | An online operational rainfall-monitoring resource for epidemic malaria early warning systems in Africa | Periodic epidemics of malaria are a major public health problem for many sub-Saharan African countries. Populations in epidemic prone areas have a poorly developed immunity to malaria and the disease remains life threatening to all age groups. The impact of epidemics could be minimized by prediction and improved preven... | Introduction It is estimated that more than 110 million Africans live in areas prone to epidemics of malaria. Populations in these areas are infrequently challenged by malaria and, therefore, do not fully develop acquired immunity. As a result, the disease remains life threatening to all age groups. The impact of malar... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548290.xml |
526211 | Feeding of soy protein isolate to rats during pregnancy and lactation suppresses formation of aberrant crypt foci in their progeny's colons: interaction of diet with fetal alcohol exposure | Soy protein isolate (SPI) in the diet may inhibit colon tumorigenesis. We examined azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in male rats in relation to lifetime, pre-weaning, or post-weaning dietary exposure to SPI and also within the context of fetal alcohol exposure. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were fed ... | Background Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the U.S.; an estimated 147,500 new cases of this disease will have occurred in the U.S. during 2003 [ 1 ]. Globally, this cancer is a significant health problem as its incidence is increasing with the burgeoning of the aged population a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526211.xml |
539325 | A Model of the Statistical Power of Comparative Genome Sequence Analysis | Comparative genome sequence analysis is powerful, but sequencing genomes is expensive. It is desirable to be able to predict how many genomes are needed for comparative genomics, and at what evolutionary distances. Here I describe a simple mathematical model for the common problem of identifying conserved sequences. Th... | Introduction Comparative genome sequence analysis is a powerful means of identifying functional DNA sequences by their evolutionary conservation [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. It will be instrumental for achieving the goal of the Human Genome Project to comprehensively identify functional elements in the human genome [ 4 ]. How many c... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539325.xml |
548286 | Experimental study of the function of the excreted/secreted Leishmania LmSIR2 protein by heterologous expression in eukaryotic cell line | Background In yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans , Silent Information Regulator (SIR2) proteins have been shown to be involved in ageing regulation. In Leishmania , the LmSIR2rp was originally isolated from the excreted/secreted material of the Leishmania parasites. Among the function(s) of this protein in Leishmania bio... | Background Leishmania is an intracellular pathogen that causes Leishmaniasis, which remain an important medical problem in several countries. Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania result in a spectrum of human disease that range from self-healing cutaneous ulcers to potentially fatal visceral infection, depending... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548286.xml |
549198 | Dysregulation of Na+/K+ ATPase by amyloid in APP+PS1 transgenic mice | Background The pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is comprised of extracellular amyloid plaques, intracellular tau tangles, dystrophic neurites and neurodegeneration. The mechanisms by which these various pathological features arise are under intense investigation. Here, expanding upon pilot gene expression studies,... | Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) has several well-characterized post-mortem pathological markers that include both gliosis and dystrophic neurites surrounding extracellular amyloid plaques. In addition, intracellular tangles of hyper-phosphorylated tau and massive neurodegeneration are seen later in the disease proc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549198.xml |
535535 | In vivo gene targeting of IL-3 into immature hematopoietic cells through CD117 receptor mediated antibody gene delivery | Background Targeted gene transfection remains a crucial issue to permit the real development of genetic therapy. As such, in vivo targeted transfection of specific subsets of hematopoietic stem cells might help to sustain hematopoietic recovery from bone marrow aplasia by providing local production of growth factors. M... | Introduction In vivo gene targeting of highly specific cell subsets remains the main challenge for gene therapy of a broad range of conditions associated with acquired diseases, including infectious disorders, cancer and failure of the hematopoietic system [ 1 , 2 ]. In vivo gene transfection is more appealing than in ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535535.xml |
526213 | Current practices in the spatial analysis of cancer: flies in the ointment | While many lessons have been learned from the spatial analysis of cancer, there are several caveats that apply to many, if not all such analyses. As "flies in the ointment", these can substantially detract from a spatial analysis, and if not accounted for, can lead to weakened and erroneous conclusions. This paper disc... | Introduction 'Dead flies cause the ointment of the apothecary to send forth a stinking savor; so doth a little folly him that is in reputation for wisdom and honour.' Ecclesiastes 10:1 The term "flies in the ointment" is occasionally used to describe minor defects in some endeavor. But this quote from Ecclesiastes has ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526213.xml |
514538 | A Skeletal Muscle Protein That Regulates Endurance | null | It's a common runner's complaint. Just when you've built up enough strength and endurance to make running fun, those niggling aches and pains won't go away. Every time your foot hits the ground, a force equal to about twice your weight shoots through your body, eventually chipping away at bones, cartilage, muscles, ten... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514538.xml |
548284 | Epimorphin expression in interstitial pneumonia | Epimorphin modulates epithelial morphogenesis in embryonic mouse organs. We previously suggested that epimorphin contributes to repair of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via epithelium-mesenchyme interactions. To clarify the role of epimorphin in human lungs, we evaluated epimorphin expression and localiza... | Introduction Fetal development and morphogenesis of various tissues and organs such as hair follicles, teeth, salivary glands, mammary glands, kidneys, liver, pancreas, and lungs depend on epithelium-mesenchyme interactions [ 1 , 2 ]. Such interactions are believed to be important for the tissue regeneration necessary ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548284.xml |
545950 | Neural progenitor cells from an adult patient with fragile X syndrome | Background Currently, there is no adequate animal model to study the detailed molecular biochemistry of fragile X syndrome, the leading heritable form of mental impairment. In this study, we sought to establish the use of immature neural cells derived from adult tissues as a novel model of fragile X syndrome that could... | Background Fragile X syndrome, the leading heritable form of mental impairment [ 1 , 2 ], is generally caused by the expansion of a trinucleotide (CGG) repeat element in the fragile X mental retardation 1 ( FMR1 ) gene to greater than 200 repeats (full mutation) [ 3 ]. Such expansions generally lead to methylation-coup... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545950.xml |
548292 | Individualized quality of life, standardized quality of life, and distress in patients undergoing a phase I trial of the novel therapeutic Reolysin (reovirus) | Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the individualized and standardized quality of life (QL) and psychological distress of patients participating in a Phase I trial of the novel therapeutic reovirus (Reolysin). Methods 16 patients with incurable metastatic cancer were interviewed prior to being accepte... | Background As health care professionals begin to understand the importance of quality of life (QL) and emotional and social well-being in the treatment and progression of cancer, it has become standard practice, and in fact has been described as a bioethical imperative, to include QL assessment in all oncology clinical... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548292.xml |
545944 | A remission spectroscopy system for in vivo monitoring of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in murine hepatic sinusoids, in early systemic inflammation | Background During the early stages of systemic inflammation, the liver integrity is compromised by microcirculatory disturbances and subsequent hepatocellular injury. Little is known about the relationship between the hemoglobin oxygen saturation (HbsO 2 ) in sinusoids and the hepatocellular mitochondrial redox state, ... | Background Hepatic microcirculatory failure is a major prerequisite for the development of hepatocellular dysfunction in a number of conditions like trauma/hemorrhage, liver transplantation and systemic inflammation. In various inflammatory states, the degree of lethal hepatocyte necrosis can be predicted from the exte... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545944.xml |
524376 | A Randomised, Double-Blind, Controlled Vaccine Efficacy Trial of DNA/MVA ME-TRAP Against Malaria Infection in Gambian Adults | Background Many malaria vaccines are currently in development, although very few have been evaluated for efficacy in the field. Plasmodium falciparum multiple epitope (ME)– thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (TRAP) candidate vaccines are designed to potently induce effector T cells and so are a departure from earl... | Introduction The disease burden of malaria has increased in recent years partly because of the rise of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites [ 1 ] and insecticide-resistant Anopheline spp. vectors [ 2 ]. There is an urgent need for effective malaria control methods to reduce mortality and morbidity from malari... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524376.xml |
543460 | Analysis of superfamily specific profile-profile recognition accuracy | Background Annotation of sequences that share little similarity to sequences of known function remains a major obstacle in genome annotation. Some of the best methods of detecting remote relationships between protein sequences are based on matching sequence profiles. We analyse the superfamily specific performance of s... | Background Currently some of the best methods for detecting relationships between protein sequences below the so-called twilight zone of sequence similarity are offered by iterative search algorithms such as PSI-BLAST [ 1 ] which, in effect, compare sequences to a profile. More recently profile-profile matching protoco... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543460.xml |
516449 | Could a simple surgical intervention eliminate HIV infection? | Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a dynamic interaction of the pathogen and the host uniquely defined by the preference of the pathogen for a major component of the immune defense of the host. Simple mathematical models of these interactions show that one of the possible outcomes is a chronic i... | Dynamics of HIV infection and selection of equilibrium states Reports on the high turnover rates of HIV and its preferred target, CD4+ lymphocytes, during the latent phase of HIV infection [ 1 - 3 ] have established the virus as a prime suspect for direct demolition of the immune system. These clinical findings have al... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516449.xml |
519008 | For Gene Activation, Location Matters | null | Multicellular organisms contain a complete set of genes in nearly all of their cells, each cell harboring the potential to make nearly any protein in their genome. The same holds true for a single-celled bacterium or yeast. Yet a cell activates only a fraction of its genes at any given time, calling on a number of diff... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC519008.xml |
555570 | Patient preferences for notification of normal laboratory test results: A report from the ASIPS Collaborative | Background Many medical errors occur during the laboratory testing process, including lost test results. Patient inquiry concerning results often represents the final safety net for locating lost results. This qualitative study sought to identify, from a patient perspective, specific preferences and factors that influe... | Background Understanding how patients would like to be notified of laboratory test results is important for improving provider-patient communication, patient satisfaction, and patient safety. Data from Applied Strategies for Improving Patient Safety (ASIPS), a primary care practice-based study of medical errors, indica... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555570.xml |
524362 | The vaa locus of Mycoplasma hominis contains a divergent genetic islet encoding a putative membrane protein | Background The Mycoplasma hominis vaa gene encodes a highly variable, surface antigen involved in the adhesion to host cells. We have analysed the structure of the vaa locus to elucidate the genetic basis for variation of vaa . Results Mapping of vaa on existing physical maps of five M. hominis isolates by pulsed field... | Background The mycoplasmas are wall-less prokaryotes characterized by small genomes (580 – 2200 kb) and a low G+C content, generally below 30%. They are the smallest self-replicating organisms known with cell diameters normally in the range of 0.3–0.8 μm [ 1 ], and are observed as parasites of insects, plants, animals ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524362.xml |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.