pmcid stringlengths 6 6 | title stringlengths 9 374 | abstract stringlengths 2 4.62k ⌀ | fulltext stringlengths 167 106k | file_path stringlengths 64 64 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
546041 | Rice Genome Approaches Completion | null | In April 2002, Science published draft genome sequences for the two major subspecies of cultivated rice, Oryza sativa . The release of the rice genome—the first plant crop to be sequenced—was big news. Rice is a staple crop for more than half of the world's population, and it was hoped that the availability of the geno... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546041.xml |
529257 | Adjuvant interferon gamma in patients with drug – resistant pulmonary tuberculosis: a pilot study | Background Tuberculosis (TB) is increasing in the world and drug-resistant (DR) disease beckons new treatments. Methods To evaluate the action of interferon (IFN) gamma as immunoadjuvant to chemotherapy on pulmonary DR-TB patients, a pilot, open label clinical trial was carried out in the Cuban reference ward for the m... | Background Tuberculosis (TB) is not yet a defeated affection. Although controllable at a community level and curable in individuals, its eradication seems distant. At present, at least one third of the World's population, more than 1 500 million individuals are infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Every year, ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529257.xml |
514897 | Factors associated with psychotropic drug use among community-dwelling older persons: A review of empirical studies | Background In the many descriptive studies on prescribed psychotropic drug use by community-dwelling older persons, several sociodemographic and other factors associated with drug use receive inconsistent support. Method Empirical reports with data on at least benzodiazepine or antidepressant drug use in samples of old... | Background The use of prescribed psychotropic drugs by older persons has been a subject of interest for several decades [ 1 , 2 ]. Psychotropic drugs are defined as substances that act directly on the central nervous system, affecting mood, cognition, and behavior, and usually include anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnoti... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514897.xml |
548681 | Use of email for patient communication in student health care: a cross-sectional study | Background Citizens increasingly use email in personal communication. It is not however clear to what extent physicians utilize it for patient communication. Our study was designed to examine physicians' activity in using email and to estimate the proportion of email messages missing from documentation in electronic pa... | Background Citizens increasingly use email in personal communication [ 1 ]. It is not however clear to what extent physicians utilize it for patient communication. In reports from the 1990s 1–14% of doctors in the USA and Norway used email in patient work [ 2 , 3 ]. In recent studies up to 73% of physicians had used em... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548681.xml |
523829 | New Drugs for Neglected Diseases: From Pipeline to Patients | The Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative is a new, public- sector organization dedicated to drug discovery | In wealthy countries, state-funded research has yielded breakthroughs in molecular biology, chemistry, and engineering. These advances have been taken up by the pharmaceutical industry and applied to drug development for a growing range of illnesses and conditions. As a result, patients have access to new drugs that ar... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523829.xml |
535939 | Can mutations in ELA2, neutrophil elastase expression or differential cell toxicity explain sulphasalazine-induced agranulocytosis? | Background Drug-induced agranulocytosis, a severe side effect marked by a deficit or absolute lack of granulocytic white blood cells, is a rare side-effect of the anti-inflammatory drug sulphasalazine. Mutations in the human neutrophil elastase gene ( ELA2 ), causing increased intracellular concentration of this serine... | Background Sulphasalazine (SA) has anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and antibiotic actions, and is a component in the therapy of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Bacterial enzymes in the colon split sulphasalazine into sulphapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid before it is absorbed. Sulp... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535939.xml |
535905 | Neuroanatomical organization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons during the oestrus cycle in the ewe | Background During the preovulatory surge of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a very large amount of the peptide is released in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal blood for 24-36H00. To study whether this release is linked to a modification of the morphological organization of the GnRH-containing neurons, i.e. mor... | Background Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), the peptide responsible for the regulation of secretory activity of the pituitary gonadotropes, is found in a diffuse neuronal system situated in the preoptic area and anterior hypothalamic area [ 1 ]. The neurons project their terminals to the median eminence where the... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535905.xml |
514707 | Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity with topical ketorolac tromethamine: a preliminary study | Background Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a common retinal neovascular disorder of premature infants. It is of variable severity, usually heals with mild or no sequelae, but may progress to blindness from retinal detachments or severe retinal scar formation. This is a preliminary report of the effectiveness and sa... | Background Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a common retinal neovascular disorder of premature infants. It is of variable severity, usually heals with mild or no sequelae, but may progress in some infants to partial vision loss or blindness from retinal detachments or severe retinal scar formation [ 1 ]. ROP remains... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514707.xml |
212688 | Functional Analysis of RSS Spacers | null | Based on sheer numbers, microbes should rule the world. Most don't cause disease, but those that do have the advantage of multiplying and mutating at a much faster rate than any multicellular organism can. So how does a slowly reproducing, trillion-celled organism like a human protect itself? By having the right weapon... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC212688.xml |
545212 | Volume Status in Severe Malaria: No Evidence Provided for the Degree of Filling of the Intravascular Compartment | null | The study by Planche et al. [1] provides important new information addressing intracellular volume depletion in children with severe childhood malaria, but does not address the question of whether intravascular volume depletion (hypovolemic shock) is present. Using sophisticated methodology to determine total body wate... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545212.xml |
514713 | Rubia cordifolia, Fagonia cretica linn and Tinospora cordifolia exert neuroprotection by modulating the antioxidant system in rat hippocampal slices subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation | Background The major damaging factor during and after the ischemic/hypoxic insult is the generation of free radicals, which leads to apoptosis, necrosis and ultimately cell death. Rubia cordifolia (RC), Fagonia cretica linn (FC) and Tinospora cordifolia (TC) have been reported to contain a wide variety of antioxidants ... | Background It is generally believed that a major portion of post-traumatic neuronal necrosis after brain injury does not result from diffuse primary injury, but rather from a secondary process. The injury appears to trigger a cascade of molecular events that lead to gradual vascular and neuronal tissue degeneration, th... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514713.xml |
545206 | Are Anticapsular Antibodies the Primary Mechanism of Protection against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease? | Background Antibody to capsular polysaccharide has been the basis of several vaccines that offer protection against invasive disease from Streptococcus pneumoniae . The success of such vaccines has led to the inference that natural protection against invasive pneumococcal disease is largely conferred by anticapsular an... | Introduction The protective effects of antibody to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides have been appreciated since the development of serum therapy, in which passively transferred, serotype-specific antipneumococcal serum reduced mortality from pneumococcal pneumonia by half [ 1 ]. The development of pneumococcal pol... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545206.xml |
555954 | Patient-Reported Outcome and Quality of Life Instruments Database (PROQOLID): Frequently asked questions | The exponential development of Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) measures in clinical research has led to the creation of the Patient-Reported Outcome and Quality of Life Instruments Database (PROQOLID) to facilitate the selection process of PRO measures in clinical research. The project was initiated by Mapi Research Tr... | Review In clinical research it has become increasingly common to assess the patients' perspective of their symptoms and their impact on their daily life as a tool for determining treatment and a means of evaluating the outcome of the treatment chosen [ 1 , 2 ]. The added value of measuring Patient-Reported Outcomes (PR... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555954.xml |
524029 | β3-adrenoceptor agonist prevents alterations of muscle diacylglycerol and adipose tissue phospholipids induced by a cafeteria diet | Background Insulin resistance induced by a high fat diet has been associated with alterations in lipid content and composition in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Administration of β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) agonists was recently reported to prevent insulin resistance induced by a high fat diet, such as the cafeteria d... | Background Dietary fatty acids are known to influence the composition of stored triacylglycerol (TAG) and membrane phospholipids (PL) in adipose tissue [ 1 ]. More recently, it was demonstrated that the lipid profile in skeletal muscle reflected dietary lipids [ 2 - 4 ]. Furthermore, the modifications of fatty acid con... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524029.xml |
340938 | pRb Inactivation in Mammary Cells Reveals Common Mechanisms for Tumor Initiation and Progression in Divergent Epithelia | Retinoblastoma 1 (pRb) and the related pocket proteins, retinoblastoma-like 1 (p107) and retinoblastoma-like 2 (p130) (pRb f , collectively), play a pivotal role in regulating eukaryotic cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and terminal differentiation. While aberrations in the pRb-signaling pathway are common in human c... | Introduction Aberrant retinoblastoma 1 (pRb) pathway activity, resulting from defects in pRb itself, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16 INK4a ), cyclin D1 (CCND1), or cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), is observed in the majority of human sporadic cancers ( Marshall 1991 ; Weinberg 1995 ; Sherr 1996 ; Ortega et a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC340938.xml |
529323 | In Times of Stress, Mutate Early and Often | null | For a human, the normal response to stress is to reduce it through some purposeful action, be it indulging in chocolate or calling in sick, at a rate which we can vary to fit the circumstances. For a strain of bacteria faced with stress, the choice is often more stark: it must mutate or die. Among evolutionary theorist... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529323.xml |
514698 | Linear fuzzy gene network models obtained from microarray data by exhaustive search | Background Recent technological advances in high-throughput data collection allow for experimental study of increasingly complex systems on the scale of the whole cellular genome and proteome. Gene network models are needed to interpret the resulting large and complex data sets. Rationally designed perturbations (e.g.,... | Background While similarity (homology) of DNA sequence between organisms can be used to propose potential gene functions, transcriptional regulation, and protein pathways (e.g., [ 1 ]), there are often major differences in the protein products, functions, and pathway involvement of genes with nearly identical sequences... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514698.xml |
524175 | Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein B and low density lipoprotein receptor genes affect response to antihypertensive treatment | Background Dyslipidemia has been associated with hypertension. The present study explored if polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins in lipid metabolism could be used as predictors for the individual response to antihypertensive treatment. Methods Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes related to lipid met... | Background Hypertension is a complex trait caused by multiple environmental and genetic factors interacting through the cardiac, vascular and endothelial systems. Several drug classes with different mechanisms of action, including inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), calcium channel blockers, ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524175.xml |
555767 | Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the cardiovascular effects of drugs – method development and application to magnesium in sheep | Background There have been few reports of pharmacokinetic models that have been linked to models of the cardiovascular system. Such models could predict the cardiovascular effects of a drug under a variety of circumstances. Limiting factors may be the lack of a suitably simple cardiovascular model, the difficulty in ma... | Background The effective use of some drugs can be limited by their adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, particularly when they are used intravenously in relatively high doses. There have been many studies documenting the cardio-vascular effects of drugs. Similarly, many mathematical models of the cardiovascula... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555767.xml |
423154 | Ecology Drives the Global Distribution of Human Diseases | null | It's no surprise that the Amazonian rainforest contains far more species than, say, the Siberian tundra. Over 50% of the world's species live in tropical rainforests, which cover just 6% to 7% of the earth's terrestrial surface. That the number of marine and terrestrial species declines with distance from the equator i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423154.xml |
423140 | A Gene Responsible for Hybrid Incompatibility in Drosophila | null | Nearly 150 years after Darwin published On the Origin of Species , biologists are still debating how new species emerge from old—and even the definition of species itself. Darwin demurred from offering a hard and fast definition, suggesting that such a thing was “undiscoverable.” One of the more enduring definitions ch... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423140.xml |
526776 | The use of warfarin in veterans with atrial fibrillation | Background Warfarin therapy is effective for the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, warfarin therapy is underutilized even among ideal anticoagulation candidates. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of warfarin in both inpatients and outpatients with atrial fibrillation wit... | Background Warfarin therapy is highly effective for the prevention of ischaemic stroke in atrial fibrillation [ 1 ]. Despite the accepted benefit of warfarin therapy, several reports have indicated that warfarin therapy is underutilized even in ideal anticoagulation candidates with atrial fibrillation. Most studies hav... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526776.xml |
529445 | A common genetic factor underlies hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders | Background Certain conditions characterised by blood vessel occlusion or vascular spasm have been found to cluster together in epidemiological studies. However the biological causes for these associations remain controversial. This study used a classical twin design to examine whether these conditions are linked throug... | Background A number of conditions characterised by blood vessel occlusion and/or vascular spasm have been found to be associated in both clinical and epidemiological studies. These include hypertension (HPT), Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), migraine (MIG) and coronary artery disease (CAD) [ 1 - 5 ]. Whether these associatio... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529445.xml |
526762 | Transmembrane carbonic anhydrase isozymes IX and XII in the female mouse reproductive organs | Background Carbonic anhydrase (CA) classically catalyses the reversible hydration of dissolved CO 2 to form bicarbonate ions and protons. The twelve active CA isozymes are thought to regulate a variety of cellular functions including several processes in the reproductive systems. Methods The present study was designed ... | Background Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc-containing metalloenzymes that are responsible for the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide in a reaction CO 2 + H 2 O ↔ H + + HCO 3 - . CAs are produced in a variety of tissues where they participate in several important biological processes such as acid-base balance, re... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526762.xml |
544859 | The involvement of survival signaling pathways in rubella-virus induced apoptosis | Rubella virus (RV) causes severe congenital defects when acquired during the first trimester of pregnancy. RV cytopathic effect has been shown to be due to caspase-dependent apoptosis in a number of susceptible cell lines, and it has been suggested that this apoptotic induction could be a causal factor in the developme... | Introduction Rubella virus (RV) is the sole member of the Rubivirus genus of the Togaviridae . It has a positive-sense single stranded RNA genome that is 9762 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains two non-overlapping open-reading frames (ORFs). The 5' proximal ORF encodes the p200 polyprotein precursor for the nonstr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544859.xml |
549602 | Why Blood Glucose Control Matters for the Kidney | null | One of the most common and most serious complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is diabetic nephropathy. It occurs in around 30% of patients with type 1 diabetes and 10% to 40% of patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of renal failure in the developed world. The main effect o... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549602.xml |
544871 | WINPEPI (PEPI-for-Windows): computer programs for epidemiologists | Background The WINPEPI (PEPI-for-Windows) computer programs for epidemiologists are designed for use in practice and research in the health field and as learning or teaching aids. They aim to complement other statistics packages. The programs are free, and can be downloaded from the Internet. Implementation There are a... | Background This paper describes the WINPEPI (PEPI-for-Windows) programs recently added to the PEPI suite of computer programs for epidemiologists, and discusses some of their uses and limitations. The programs were developed for use in practice and research in the health field and as learning or teaching aids. PEPI (an... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544871.xml |
529451 | Pudendal nerve decompression in perineology : a case series | Background Perineodynia (vulvodynia, perineal pain, proctalgia), anal and urinary incontinence are the main symptoms of the pudendal canal syndrome (PCS) or entrapment of the pudendal nerve. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bilateral pudendal nerve decompression (PND) on the symptoms of the PCS... | Background The objective of perineology is to treat each defect of the perineum with the right procedure [ 1 - 3 ]. Pudendal nerve decompression (PND) is theoretically a basic procedure in perineology thanks to its ability to treat the defect "pudendal neuropathy". Before going into details of this procedure, it is nec... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529451.xml |
555571 | Influence of antioxidant (L- ascorbic acid) on tolbutamide induced hypoglycaemia/antihyperglycaemia in normal and diabetic rats | Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia. Increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant levels are the leading cause of diabetes and diabetic complications. So it is felt that supplementation of antioxidants may be useful in controlling the glucose levels and t... | Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia. It requires life long treatment with drugs coupled with diet control and exercise. It may be due to decrease in the synthesis of insulin (Type-I diabetes) or due to decrease in the secretion of insulin from β-cells of islets o... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555571.xml |
555940 | Heterologous expression of the filarial nematode alt gene products reveals their potential to inhibit immune function | Background Parasites exploit sophisticated strategies to evade host immunity that require both adaptation of existing genes and evolution of new gene families. We have addressed this question by testing the immunological function of novel genes from helminth parasites, in which conventional transgenesis is not yet poss... | Background Pathogens have evolved many ingenious mechanisms to manipulate innate and adaptive host immune responses [ 1 - 6 ]. The nematode parasite Brugia malayi is a causative agent of the disease lymphatic filariasis, which afflicts over 100 million people in tropical countries. Mosquito-borne infective stage larvae... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555940.xml |
544865 | Psychological health of family caregivers of children admitted at birth to a NICU and healthy children: a population-based cross-sectional survey | Background There is little information in the research literature on how parents of children who spend time in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) adapt psychologically to the demands of caregiving beyond the initial hospitalization period. Our aim was to compare parents of NICU children with parents of healthy full-... | Background Neonatal intensive care is associated with a range of long-term health problems such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation, deafness, blindness and milder but more common problems such as learning disabilities and behavioral problems [ 1 - 13 ]. Although these problems create challenges for the parent respon... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544865.xml |
519021 | Recombinant antigen-based antibody assays for the diagnosis and surveillance of lymphatic filariasis – a multicenter trial | The development of antifilarial antibody responses is a characteristic feature of infection with filarial parasites. It should be possible to exploit this fact to develop tools to monitor the progress of the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF); however, assays based on parasite extracts suffer from a ... | Background The exponential growth of the lymphatic filariasis elimination program has highlighted the need for tools that can be used to monitor progress toward programmatic endpoints (e.g. when to stop mass treatment) as well as to conduct surveillance to detect any potential resumption of transmission. Measurement of... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC519021.xml |
374243 | Accelerated Evolution of the ASPM Gene Controlling Brain Size Begins Prior to Human Brain Expansion | Primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global reduction in cerebral cortical volume. The microcephalic brain has a volume comparable to that of early hominids, raising the possibility that some MCPH genes may have been evolutionary targets in the expansion of the cerebral cortex i... | Introduction The human brain, particularly the cerebral cortex, has undergone a dramatic increase in its volume during the course of primate evolution, but the underlying molecular mechanisms that caused this expansion are not known. One approach shedding light on the molecular mechanisms of brain evolution is the anal... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC374243.xml |
554109 | Rural Indian tribal communities: an emerging high-risk group for HIV/AIDS | Background Rural Indian tribes are anthropologically distinct with unique cultures, traditions and practices. Over the years, displacement and rapid acculturation of this population has led to dramatic changes in their socio-cultural and value systems. Due to a poor health infrastructure, high levels of poverty and ign... | Background India is the second most populous nation in the world and has changing sociopolitical and demographic characteristics as well as varied morbidity and mortality patterns [ 1 ]. These changes, in conjunction with the country's high population growth rate, have exacerbated the prevailing and emerging public hea... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554109.xml |
543449 | Coccidioides posadasii infection alters the expression of pulmonary surfactant proteins (SP)-A and SP-D | Background Coccidioidomycosis or Valley Fever is caused by Coccidioides in Southwest US and Central America. Primary pulmonary infection is initiated by inhalation of air-borne arthroconidia. Since, lung is the first organ that encounters arthroconidia, different components of the pulmonary innate immune system may be ... | Background Coccidioidomycosis or Valley Fever is a fungal disease caused by the biphasic, highly virulent, soil-fungus Coccidioides immitis or posadasii [ 1 ]. It is endemic in the southwest regions of US, Northern Mexico and parts of Central America [ 2 ]. C. posadasii or C. immitis , are the most virulent fungal path... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543449.xml |
555559 | Activation of p53, inhibition of telomerase activity and induction of estrogen receptor beta are associated with the anti-growth effects of combination of ovarian hormones and retinoids in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells | Background A full-term pregnancy has been associated with reduced risk for developing breast cancer. In rodent models, the protective effect of pregnancy can be mimicked with a defined regimen of estrogen and progesterone combination (E/P). However, the effects of pregnancy levels of E/P in humans and their underlying ... | Background It is well documented that women who experience a full-term pregnancy early in their lives have a significantly reduced risk for developing breast cancer [ 1 , 2 ]. The mechanisms by which pregnancy affects maternal breast cancer incidences are not fully understood. Previous studies suggest that the protecti... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555559.xml |
548520 | Synaptogenesis and outer segment formation are perturbed in the neural retina of Crx mutant mice | Background In Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA), affected individuals are blind, or nearly so, from birth. This early onset suggests abnormal development of the neural retina. Mutations in genes that affect the development and/or function of photoreceptor cells have been found to be responsible in some families. These... | Background Photoreceptor cells play a primary role in vision by capturing light energy and converting it into neural stimuli. These sensory neurons are a shared element in all organisms capable of sensing light. In humans, genetic diseases of the eye are common and the primary site of disease is most frequently photore... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548520.xml |
545945 | Prognostic significance of metallothionein expression in renal cell carcinoma | Background Metallothionein (MT) protein expression deficiency has been implicated in carcinogenesis while MT over expression in tumors is indicative of tumor resistance to anti-cancer treatment. The purpose of the study was to examine the expression of MT expression in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to correlate ... | Background Metallothioneins (MTs) were firstly discovered by Margoses and Valle in 1957 [ 1 ] as cadmium (Cd) binding proteins. Later, Piscator [ 2 ] documented a marked increase of MT in Cd exposed rabbits, as a metal detoxification mechanism. MTs are a family of heavy metal binding proteins with a large degree of seq... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545945.xml |
514539 | Tests for finding complex patterns of differential expression in cancers: towards individualized medicine | Background Microarray studies in cancer compare expression levels between two or more sample groups on thousands of genes. Data analysis follows a population-level approach (e.g., comparison of sample means) to identify differentially expressed genes. This leads to the discovery of 'population-level' markers, i.e., gen... | Background Studies of differential expression of individual genes often find genes that are up-regulated in some tumors, and down-regulated in others. Microarray studies typically seek to identify differentially expressed genes using use fold-change [ 1 ], t-tests [ 2 ], and models [ 3 - 6 ]. Studies of global gene exp... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514539.xml |
526212 | Cloning of a novel inhibin alpha cDNA from rhesus monkey testis | Background Inhibins are dimeric gonadal protein hormones that negatively regulate pituitary FSH synthesis and secretion. Inhibin B is produced by testicular Sertoli cells and is the primary circulating form of inhibin in most adult male mammals. Inhibin B is comprised of the inhibin alpha subunit disulfide-linked to th... | Background The inhibins are dimeric gonadal protein hormones that negatively regulate pituitary FSH synthesis and secretion [ 1 , 2 ]. Inhibins are comprised of an α subunit (inhibin α) and one of two inhibin β subunits (inhibin βA or inhibin βB). In adult male mammals, inhibin B (α-βB dimer) appears to be the primary ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526212.xml |
548508 | Mutagenicity testing with transgenic mice. Part II: Comparison with the mouse spot test | The mouse spot test, an in vivo mutation assay, has been used to assess a number of chemicals. It is at present the only in vivo mammalian test system capable of detecting somatic gene mutations according to OECD guidelines (OECD guideline 484). It is however rather insensitive, animal consuming and expensive type of t... | Background This is the second presentation from a project for the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) evaluating the possible use of transgenic animal mutagenicity assays in toxicity testing and mechanistic research. Part I, preceeding this article, discussed comparison of effects of chemicals using certa... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548508.xml |
526206 | Patterns of use, dosing, and economic impact of biologic agent use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study | Background Variability in dosing and costs of biologics among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is of interest to healthcare descision-makers. We examined dosing and costs among RA patients newly treated with infliximab or etanercept under conditions of typical clinical practice. Methods Integrated pharmacy and m... | Background Rheumatoid arthritis is a costly and debilitating autoimmune disorder that is characterized by joint pain, stiffness, and impaired functionality. Symptoms arise from the inflammation and degradation of the synovial membrane, causing progressive disability in joint function [ 1 ]. As the disease progresses, p... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526206.xml |
555565 | Patterns of lung cancer mortality in 23 countries: Application of the Age-Period-Cohort model | Background Smoking habits do not seem to be the main explanation of the epidemiological characteristics of female lung cancer mortality in Asian countries. However, Asian countries are often excluded from studies of geographical differences in trends for lung cancer mortality. We thus examined lung cancer trends from 1... | Background Worldwide, over one million people die of lung cancer each year [ 1 ]. In the US, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer deaths in both sexes [ 2 ], and mortality rates in women have risen 500% since 1950 [ 3 ]. In the European Union countries, although age-standardized mortality rates have decreased... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555565.xml |
516448 | Stress, burnout and doctors' attitudes to work are determined by personality and learning style: A twelve year longitudinal study of UK medical graduates | Background The study investigated the extent to which approaches to work, workplace climate, stress, burnout and satisfaction with medicine as a career in doctors aged about thirty are predicted by measures of learning style and personality measured five to twelve years earlier when the doctors were applicants to medic... | Background Sir William Osler (1849–1919), one of the most distinguished physicians of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, recognised that only some doctors are happy in their professional lives: "To each one of you the practice of medicine will be very much as you make it – to one a worry, a care, a perpetual a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516448.xml |
524363 | Relationship between CRP and hypofibrinolysis: Is this a possible mechanism to explain the association between CRP and outcome in critically ill patients? | Background- Endothelial cell dysfunction may be implicated in the development of multiple organ failure (MOF) by a number of mechanisms. Among these, altered fibrinolysis promotes fibrin deposition, which may create microvascular alterations during inflammation. Elevated concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), espe... | Background Endothelial cells have a key role in the control of vascular permeability and vessel tone, coagulation and fibrinolysis, and inflammatory response [ 1 ]. There is an increasing body of evidence supporting the critical role of the vascular endothelium in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure (MOF) in cri... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524363.xml |
545776 | Transcriptome analysis of haploid male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis | A transcriptome analysis of male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis uncovers distinct temporal classes of gene expression and opens the door to detailed studies of the regulatory pathways involved. | Background Development of eukaryotic cells towards particular cell fates is regulated by complex and dynamic changes in gene expression. These changes, when monitored on a genome-wide scale, provide a detailed framework for the analysis and modeling of cellular development. To monitor patterns of gene expression it is ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545776.xml |
509296 | Grafting the Way to the Systemic Silencing Signal in Plants | Grafting is a powerful but complex means to study the spread of RNA silencing | Grafting is an ancient technique used by farmers and gardeners to combine desired attributes of the rootstock with those of the donor plant shoot, or scion. Grafting essentially saved European wine making: when the insect Dactylosphera vitifoliae devastated European grapewine varieties over the course of the late 1800s... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509296.xml |
548285 | HIV, malaria and beyond: reducing the disease burden of female adolescents | In sub-Saharan Africa the highest overlap between malaria and HIV infections occurs in female adolescents. Yet control activities for these infections are directed to different target groups, using disparate channels. This reflects the lack of priority given to adolescents and the absence of an accepted framework for d... | Background The current generation of adolescents – over one billion – is the largest in history [ 1 ] and, far from representing a picture of health [ 2 ], many will suffer untimely disease and death. HIV and malaria are responsible for much of the disease burden affecting female adolescents, who suffer disproportionat... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548285.xml |
524377 | Limited Durability of Viral Control following Treated Acute HIV Infection | Background Early treatment of acute HIV infection with highly active antiretroviral therapy, followed by supervised treatment interruption (STI), has been associated with at least transient control of viremia. However, the durability of such control remains unclear. Here we present longitudinal follow-up of a single-ar... | Introduction The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can dramatically prolong the life of individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) [ 1 ], but early hopes for virus eradication have not been realized [ 2 ]. The successful use of HAART is limited by drug-related toxicities, high cost... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524377.xml |
539341 | Multiple Campylobacter Genomes Sequenced | null | In 1995, the first complete bacterial genome sequence was published. Now, nearly 200 bacterial genomes have been completed, and a new one hits the scientific press most weeks. This burgeoning industry is not just scientific “stamp collecting,” however. Having all these genome sequences may provide useful clues about wh... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539341.xml |
535534 | Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) as salvage treatment for intractable hemorrhage | Background Recently, there has been an increased use of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) to promote hemostasis in various hemorrhagic conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the outcome of patients treated with rFVIIa who had intractable bleeding associated with cardiac surgery (CSP) or as a r... | Introduction Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa), originally developed for the treatment of acquired inhibitors associated with hemophilia [ 1 , 2 ], has been successfully used for bleeding due to acquired or congenital thrombocytopathy [ 3 , 4 ], extensive trauma and a variety of surgical procedures, including anecdotal ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535534.xml |
526275 | i-Genome: A database to summarize oligonucleotide data in genomes | Background Information on the occurrence of sequence features in genomes is crucial to comparative genomics, evolutionary analysis, the analyses of regulatory sequences and the quantitative evaluation of sequences. Computing the frequencies and the occurrences of a pattern in complete genomes is time-consuming. Results... | Background During the last decade, many genomes have been successfully and completely sequenced. Summarized information about the oligonucleotides in genomes provides biologists, who interests in the evolution and growth of genomes, to work in comparative genomics, oligonucleotide probe design, primer design and the an... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526275.xml |
544396 | Participation of African social scientists in malaria control: identifying enabling and constraining factors | Objective To examine the enabling and constraining factors that influence African social scientists involvement in malaria control. Methods Convenience and snowball sampling was used to identify participants. Data collection was conducted in two phases: a mailed survey was followed by in-depth phone interviews with sel... | Introduction Malaria control remains ineffective in many endemic areas in spite of efficacious interventions, such as combined antimalarial therapies and insecticide-treated materials. Biological, environmental, political, socio-cultural, economic and behavioural factors influence the transmission of malaria, thus requ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544396.xml |
539355 | The DiAMOND trial protocol: a randomised controlled trial of two decision aids for mode of delivery among women with a previous caesarean section [ISRCTN84367722] | Background Caesarean section (CS) has become an increasingly common method of delivery worldwide, rising in the UK from 9% of deliveries in 1980 to over 21% 2001. This increase, and the question of whether CS should be available to women on request, has been the subject of considerable debate, and national reports and ... | Background Over the last 20 years caesarean section (CS) has become an increasingly common method of delivery. The CS rate in the United Kingdom rose from 9% of deliveries in 1980 to 21% in 2001 [ 1 ]. This increase, and the question of whether CS should be available to women on request, has been the subject of conside... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539355.xml |
545951 | Cyclic nucleotide binding proteins in the Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa genomes | Background Cyclic nucleotides are ubiquitous intracellular messengers. Until recently, the roles of cyclic nucleotides in plant cells have proven difficult to uncover. With an understanding of the protein domains which can bind cyclic nucleotides (CNB and GAF domains) we scanned the completed genomes of the higher plan... | Background The discovery of cyclic 3'5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by Earl Sutherland in the late 1950s was one of the most significant paradigm shifts in biochemistry [ 1 ]. This breakthrough ushered in the concept of second messengers: intracellular molecules which transmit signals in cells and are derived from a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545951.xml |
545936 | Cough quality in children: a comparison of subjective vs. bronchoscopic findings | Background Cough is the most common symptom presenting to doctors. The quality of cough (productive or wet vs dry) is used clinically as well as in epidemiology and clinical research. There is however no data on the validity of cough quality descriptors. The study aims were to compare (1) cough quality (wet/dry and bra... | Background Cough is the most common symptom presenting to medical practitioners in Australia, the UK and USA [ 1 - 3 ]. Cough quality, specifically dry versus we t[ 4 ] or productive cough, is often used in epidemiological [ 5 - 7 ] and clinical research [ 8 , 9 ]. Clinically, physicians also often differentiate betwee... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545936.xml |
548291 | Human cytomegalovirus plasmid-based amplicon vector system for gene therapy | We have constructed and evaluated the utility of a helper-dependent virus vector system that is derived from Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV). This vector is based on the herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicon system and contains the HCMV orthologs of the two cis -acting functions required for replication and packaging of HSV... | Background HCMV is a member of the betaherpesvirus family [ 42 , 48 ]. Other members of this family include human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), and all are widely distributed in human populations. During productive replication, the 230 kilobase pair (kbp) viral genome replicates by a rolling c... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548291.xml |
534103 | Lipoprotein lipase in hemodialysis patients: indications that low molecular weight heparin depletes functional stores, despite low plasma levels of the enzyme | Background Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) has a central role in the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The enzyme is anchored to the vascular endothelium through interaction with heparan sulphate proteoglycans and is displaced from this interaction by heparin. When heparin is infused, there is a peak of LPL activi... | Background Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyses triglycerides (TG) in circulating lipoproteins [ 1 , 2 ]. This is a necessary first step in catabolism of the TG-rich lipoproteins as evidenced by the massive hypertriglyceridemia in patients with genetic deficiency of the enzyme [ 3 ]. Fine-tuned regulation of LPL activit... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534103.xml |
526261 | Personalized versus non-personalized computerized decision support system to increase therapeutic quality control of oral anticoagulant therapy: an alternating time series analysis | Background The quality control of oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) during the initiation and maintenance treatment is generally poor. Physicians' ordering of OAT (especially fluindione and warfarin ) can be improved by dose adjustment algorithms, taking into account the results of International Normalized Ratio (INR). ... | Background Iatrogenic effects of oral anticoagulants therapy According to a study carried out by French pharmacovigilance centres, haemorrhage subsequent to oral anticoagulant treatment (OAT) is the most common drug-related side effect resulting in hospitalisation in public hospitals in France (13% of such admissions, ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526261.xml |
535547 | Using GIS to establish a public library consumer health collection | Background Learning the exact demographic characteristics of a neighborhood in which a public library serves, assists the collection development librarian in building an appropriate collection. Gathering that demographic information can be a lengthy process, and then formatting the information for the neighborhood in q... | Background Libraries have the objective to build collections that support the communities they serve. To build a viable collection the collection development librarian, outreach/marketing librarian, and others, must determine exactly what populations reside in the neighborhood, in respect to race, spoken language, educ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535547.xml |
509282 | Increased contractile responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine and Angiotensin II in high fat diet fed rat thoracic aorta | Background Feeding normal rats with high dietary levels of saturated fat leads to pathological conditions, which are quite similar to syndrome X in humans. These conditions such as hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and hyperglycemia might induce hypertension through various mechanisms. Metabolic synd... | Background Syndrome X comprises a plethora of conditions such as obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and hypertension [ 1 ]. It places stress on multiple organ systems and plays a significant role in the development of other related cardiovascular disorders. Western style diet, which c... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509282.xml |
514562 | Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome- a life-threatening complication of baclofen pump: A case report | Background Intrathecal baclofen pump has been used effectively with increasing frequency in patients with severe spasticity, particularly for those patients who are unresponsive to conservative pharmacotherapy or develop intolerable side effects at therapeutic doses of oral baclofen. Drowsiness, nausea, headache, muscl... | Background Baclofen is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analog that has inhibitory effects on spinal cord reflexes and brain. Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy consists of long-term delivery of baclofen to the intrathecal space. Intrathecal baclofen has been used to treat spasticity due to cerebral palsy, brain or spi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514562.xml |
522749 | Comparison of glucose tolerance in renal transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients | Background Impaired glucose tolerance is a risk factor for atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients. Methods To check the relationship of impaired glucose tolerance with the other atherosclerotic risk factors, fasting blood sugar and the standard two hour glucose tolerance test, serum tr... | Background Mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases are frequent in patients with diabetes mellitus and high prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, also, are observed in patients with end-stage renal disease treated by renal replacement therapy, either renal transplantation (RT) and dialysis [... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC522749.xml |
546230 | Free does not mean affordable: maternity patient expenditures in a public hospital in Bangladesh | Objective This study investigated a) the amount and types of out-of-pocket expenditures by patients for nominally free services in a large public hospital in Bangladesh, b) the factors influencing these expenses, and c) the impact of these expenses on household income. Methods Eighty-one maternity patients were intervi... | Background In developing countries governments often subsidize services at public health care facilities and provide them free of charge to users. However, evidence suggests that users still incur large expenditures using the 'free' services for such things that are supposedly provided without charge. Studies have foun... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546230.xml |
535553 | AIDS-defining illnesses among patients with HIV in Singapore, 1985 to 2001: results from the Singapore HIV Observational Cohort Study (SHOCS) | Background The objective was to describe the causes of initial and overall AIDS-defining disease episodes among HIV patients in Singapore. Methods A retrospective observational cohort study was performed of all adult patients seen at the national HIV referral center between 1985 and 2001. Data were extracted from the p... | Background Cohort studies have provided valuable information on the clinical course of HIV infection in patients from Europe [ 1 - 16 ], North America [ 3 , 17 - 21 ], South America [ 22 , 23 ] and Africa [ 24 - 32 ]. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy has dramatically altered the incidence of AIDS-defining ill... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535553.xml |
544355 | Intestinal parasites prevalence and related factors in school children, a western city sample-Turkey | Background Intestinal parasitic infections are amongst the most common infections worldwide. Epidemiological research carried out in different countries has shown that the social and economical situation of the individuals is an important cause in the prevalence of intestinal parasites. Previous studies in Turkey revea... | Background Intestinal parasitic infections are amongst the most common infections worldwide. It is estimated that some 3.5 billion people are affected, and that 450 million are ill as a result of these infections, the majority being children. These infections are regarded as serious public health problem, as they cause... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544355.xml |
533863 | Molecular mechanisms of heptaplatin effective against cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines: less involvement of metallothionein | Background Heptaplatin is a new platinum derivative with anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines, including cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines (Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1995; 35: 441). Methods Molecular mechanisms of heptaplatin effective against cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines has been investi... | Introduction Gastric cancer is the most frequently diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in Korea. For many years, a few single agents such as 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, and nitrosourea, have been considered to have significant antitumor activity in gastric cancer patients [ 1 ].... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC533863.xml |
546224 | The prognosis of women with stage IB1-IIB node-positive cervical carcinoma after radical surgery | Background Pelvic lymph nodes metastasis is an important prognostic factor for patients with cervical carcinoma. However, the relationships between the number of positive nodes, site of metastases nodes, adjuvant therapy and the prognosis is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of p... | Background Although radical radiotherapy (RT) and radical surgery can be the proper choices for patients with early stage cervical cancer, most of the patients in China prefer the radical surgery to RT. Hence, in China the radical surgery has been widely used as first-line therapy for this group of women. Some poor pro... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546224.xml |
517719 | Lactobacillus casei strain GG in the treatment of infants with acute watery diarrhea: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial [ISRCTN67363048] | Background Adjuvant therapy to ORT with probiotic bacteria for infants with acute watery diarrhea has been under active investigation. Most studies have been done in the developed world showing benefit only for viral mild gastroenteritis. We evaluated the effect of a milk formula containing one billion (10 9 ) cfu/ml o... | Background Diarrheal diseases in the developing world continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially when associated with malnutrition [ 1 ]. Dehydration, potassium depletion and acidosis are the main life-threatening complications of the acute losses during watery diarrhea. More than 25 years of ext... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517719.xml |
449895 | Talking Science | The Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Oral History Collection presents interviews with over 80 leading scientists, drawn from the fields of molecular biology and genetics | “…where people do come with a sense that there's going to be openness. That there's going to be a great comfort with people standing up and challenging a particular perspective. That young people are welcome. That old codgers are welcome as well. This is sort of the idyllic way that science is supposed to happen. And C... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC449895.xml |
509241 | A molecular 'signature' of primary breast cancer cultures; patterns resembling tumor tissue | Background To identify the spectrum of malignant attributes maintained outside the host environment, we have compared global gene expression in primary breast tumors and matched short-term epithelial cultures. Results In contrast to immortal cell lines, a characteristic 'limited proliferation' phenotype was observed, w... | Background In breast cancer, cell based experiments are largely conducted with a few spontaneously arising cell lines from late stages of disease that demonstrate unlimited proliferation (immortalization). However, the breadth of tumor heterogeneity and early stages of breast tumorigenesis remain under represented in s... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509241.xml |
520823 | Immunological evaluation of the new stable ultrasound contrast agent LK565: a phase one clinical trial | Background Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) allow the enhancement of vascular definition, thereby providing more diagnostic information. LK565 is a new second-generation UCA based on synthetic polymers of aspartic acid which is eliminated from the blood stream via phagocytosis. LK565 forms very stable air-filled micro... | Background Echocardiography allows the analysis of ventricular motion and heart-valve morphology. The discovery that injection of small air bubbles dispensed in saline are capable of causing an opacification of the heart [ 1 , 2 ] started an enormous effort to develop contrast agents to assist in diagnosing coronary ar... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520823.xml |
193605 | From Gene Trees to Organismal Phylogeny in Prokaryotes:The Case of the γ-Proteobacteria | The rapid increase in published genomic sequences for bacteria presents the first opportunity to reconstruct evolutionary events on the scale of entire genomes. However, extensive lateral gene transfer (LGT) may thwart this goal by preventing the establishment of organismal relationships based on individual gene phylog... | Introduction The availability of complete sequences of genomes for clusters of related organisms presents the first opportunity to reconstruct events of genomic evolution. By comparing related genomes and inferring ancestral ones, we can identify events, such as specific chromosomal rearrangements, gene acquisitions, d... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC193605.xml |
545077 | Keratocyte loss in corneal infection through apoptosis: a histologic study of 59 cases | Background Keratocyte loss by apoptosis following epithelial debridement is a well-recognized entity. In a study of corneal buttons obtained from patients of corneal ulcer undergoing therapeutic keratoplasty, we observed loss of keratocytes in the normal appearing corneal stroma, surrounding the zone of inflammation. B... | Background Infections of the cornea are potentially blinding diseases and may be caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and a few protozoans. Despite best efforts with early diagnosis and specific antimicrobial treatment about one-third of cases require surgical intervention [ 1 ]. Those which respond to medical treatment ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545077.xml |
546218 | Increased expression of integrin-linked kinase is associated with shorter survival in non-small cell lung cancer | Background Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) promotes tumor growth and invasion. Increased ILK expression is correlated with progression of several tumor types, but the expression of ILK has not been investigated in patients with non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Methods We investigated ILK expression in patients with N... | Background Interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix regulates many physiological and pathological processes. These interactions are mediated by a large family of cell surface receptors known as integrins, which recognize several extracellular matrix proteins, including fibronectin, collagens, and vitronectin ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546218.xml |
533877 | Older age does not influence CD4 cell recovery in HIV-1 infected patients receiving Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy | Background Diagnosis of HIV infection is recently occurring with increasing frequency in middle-aged and in older individuals. As HAART became available, a minimal beneficial effect on immunological outcome in older in respect of younger subjects has been reported. In fact, both the intensity and the rapidity of the im... | Background Early in the epidemic, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection primarily affected young adults; later on, it occurred with increasing frequency in middle-aged and in older individuals, too. In fact, a rate of 12.3% of AIDS patients aged 50 years or older, with subjects ≥ 60 years equalling 3.2%, has bee... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC533877.xml |
529422 | Using Modified Antigenic Sequences to Develop Cancer Vaccines: Are We Losing the Focus? | Are short synthetic peptides the key to developing cancer vaccines? And what are the obstacles in the way? | Tumor Antigen Recognition by Cytolytic T Lymphocytes CD8 + cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are the primary effector cells of the adaptive immune system and have a major role in protecting us from a vast array of diseases including cancer. CTLs specifically recognize and lyse targets through the interaction of T cell rec... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529422.xml |
545063 | Accuracy of parents in measuring body temperature with a tympanic thermometer | Background It is now common for parents to measure tympanic temperatures in children. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of these measurements. Methods Parents and then nurses measured the temperature of 60 children with a tympanic thermometer designed for home use (home thermometer). The... | Background Parents and health care workers use temperatures measured by parents at home to determine if a child requires medical assessment. Health care workers sometimes make decisions about the need for investigations and hospital admission based on the temperature that parents report. This is especially true in the ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545063.xml |
521730 | Language Evolution | How did language develop and evolve? Here, linguists, cognitive scientists, behavioural ecologists, and theoretical biologists all offer their disparate views on this emerging field | A ban in the 1866s by the French Academy of Sciences on publications about the origin of human language must have been one of the strangest bans in the history of sciences. Yet it was highly effective. After the ban, scientists and interested laymen had to wait for more than a century to hold a textbook on language evo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521730.xml |
551599 | Increasing stability of water-soluble PQQ glucose dehydrogenase by increasing hydrophobic interaction at dimeric interface | Background Water-soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (PQQGDH-B) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus has a great potential for application as a glucose sensor constituent. Because this enzyme shows no activity in its monomeric form, correct quaternary structure is essential for the formation of active enzyme. We hav... | Background Water-soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (PQQGDH-B) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus has great potential for application as a constituent of an electron mediator-type glucose sensor. The conventionally utilized enzyme for glucose measurement, glucose oxidase (GOD), inherently utilizes oxygen as its e... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551599.xml |
544194 | Nondestructive analysis of urinary calculi using micro computed tomography | Background Micro computed tomography (micro CT) has been shown to provide exceptionally high quality imaging of the fine structural detail within urinary calculi. We tested the idea that micro CT might also be used to identify the mineral composition of urinary stones non-destructively. Methods Micro CT x-ray attenuati... | Background Clinical laboratory assessment of urinary stones is typically conducted using destructive methods of analysis [ 1 - 5 ] and is usually geared to identify stones only by their primary mineral content. It is rare that stones get classified as having multiple components, and even less likely that notation is gi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544194.xml |
368180 | Microstimulation of Neurons Distinguishes Neural Contribution to Perception | null | The brain is an overwhelmingly complex organ packed with billions of nerve cells, performing a myriad of different functions. To decipher the roles of individual neurons in processing sensation or actions, scientists can measure the neural activity of animals that are shown particular objects or perform simple tasks. I... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC368180.xml |
406402 | Niche Markets | Is evolutionary theory is incomplete and are we failing to understand phenomena as disparate as ecosystem development and the interplay of genes and culture in shaping human evolution? | This book, the latest in the excellent Monographs in Population Biology series from Princeton University Press, is a work of advocacy in which the authors argue that evolutionary theory is incomplete and that, in consequence, we are failing fully to understand phenomena as disparate as ecosystem development and the int... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC406402.xml |
538275 | Public sector reform and demand for human resources for health (HRH) | This article considers some of the effects of health sector reform on human resources for health (HRH) in developing countries and countries in transition by examining the effect of fiscal reform and the introduction of decentralisation and market mechanisms to the health sector. Fiscal reform results in pressure to me... | Introduction This paper considers health sector reform and its impact on human resources for health (HRH) in developing countries and countries in transition. Health sector reform has been defined as the "sustained purposeful change to improve the efficiency, equity and effectiveness of the health sector" [ 1 ]. Health... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538275.xml |
529436 | Information assessment on predicting protein-protein interactions | Background Identifying protein-protein interactions is fundamental for understanding the molecular machinery of the cell. Proteome-wide studies of protein-protein interactions are of significant value, but the high-throughput experimental technologies suffer from high rates of both false positive and false negative pre... | Background Proteins transmit regulatory signals throughout the cell, catalyze large numbers of chemical reactions, and are crucial for the stability of numerous cellular structures. Interactions among proteins are key for cell functioning and identifying such interactions is crucial for deciphering the fundamental mole... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529436.xml |
524489 | Vaccine candidates derived from a novel infectious cDNA clone of an American genotype dengue virus type 2 | Background A dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2 Tonga/74) isolated from a 1974 epidemic was characterized by mild illness and belongs to the American genotype of DEN-2 viruses. To prepare a vaccine candidate, a previously described 30 nucleotide deletion (Δ30) in the 3' untranslated region of DEN-4 has been engineered into the... | Background The increased prevalence of disease caused by the mosquito-borne dengue (DEN) viruses (four serotypes; DEN-1 – DEN-4) has intensified the effort to generate a vaccine that would both confer protection and be economically feasible for use in countries with limited resources for healthcare [ 1 ]. Dengue fever ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524489.xml |
340963 | PLoS Medicine | Announcing the next top-tier open-access journal from the Public Library of Science | Open access is gaining momentum. Authors are submitting papers in ever-increasing numbers to open-access journals. Several prominent research sponsors, including the Wellcome Trust, the Max Planck Society, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC340963.xml |
538261 | Noise filtering and nonparametric analysis of microarray data underscores discriminating markers of oral, prostate, lung, ovarian and breast cancer | Background A major goal of cancer research is to identify discrete biomarkers that specifically characterize a given malignancy. These markers are useful in diagnosis, may identify potential targets for drug development, and can aid in evaluating treatment efficacy and predicting patient outcome. Microarray technology ... | Background DNA microarrays have become a useful tool in biomedical research as they can be used to determine the relative expression of thousands of genes in a given sample. Such expression profiles could predict genetic predisposition to disease, serve as a set of diagnostic markers, define better drug treatments opti... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC538261.xml |
521081 | Elevated midbrain serotonin transporter availability in mixed mania: a case report | Background Results obtained from brain imaging studies indicate that serotonin transporter (SERT) and dopamine transporter (DAT) densities are altered in major depression. However, no such studies have been published on current mania or hypomania. Case presentation In this single photon emission computed tomography (SP... | Background Decreased serotonin transporter densities (SERT) have been recorded from the brains of depressed patients [ 1 , 2 ], which have also been reported to normalise during psychotherapy [ 3 , 4 ]. A few studies have also revealed altered levels of dopamine transmission in major depression [ 5 , 6 ]. However, in a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521081.xml |
368157 | A Spontaneous, Recurrent Mutation in Divalent Metal Transporter-1 Exposes a Calcium Entry Pathway | Divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1/DCT1/Nramp2) is the major Fe 2+ transporter mediating cellular iron uptake in mammals. Phenotypic analyses of animals with spontaneous mutations in DMT1 indicate that it functions at two distinct sites, transporting dietary iron across the apical membrane of intestinal absorptive cell... | Introduction Spontaneous mutations in mice and rats have provided important information about mammalian iron homeostasis (reviewed in Andrews 2000 ). Interestingly, three independent, autosomal recessive mutants have been shown to have the same amino acid substitution in a key iron transport molecule. Two strains of mu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC368157.xml |
528728 | Long-term age-dependent behavioral changes following a single episode of fetal N-methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade | Background Administration of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist ketamine during the perinatal period can produce a variety of behavioral and neuroanatomical changes. Our laboratory has reported reliable changes in learning and memory following a single dose of ketamine administered late in gestation. However, t... | Background Administration of ketamine or other NMDA receptor blocking drugs [ 1 ] may bring with it both beneficial and problematic outcomes. Ketamine's use as a dissociative anesthetic is well established in clinical practice [ 1 ] and more recently, it has also been proposed as a neuroprotectant against hypoxic-ische... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC528728.xml |
555853 | Comparative performance of the 16S rRNA gene in DNA barcoding of amphibians | Background Identifying species of organisms by short sequences of DNA has been in the center of ongoing discussions under the terms DNA barcoding or DNA taxonomy. A C-terminal fragment of the mitochondrial gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit I ( COI ) has been proposed as universal marker for this purpose among animals... | Background The use of short DNA sequences for the standardized identification of organisms has recently gained attention under the terms DNA barcoding or DNA taxonomy [ 1 - 3 ]. Among the promising applications of this method are the assignments of unknown life-history stages to adult organisms [ 4 , 5 ], the large-sca... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555853.xml |
550650 | Cardiovascular comorbidities among public health clinic patients with diabetes: the Urban Diabetics Study | Background We sought to determine the frequency and distribution of cardiovascular comorbidities in a large cohort of low-income patients with diabetes who had received primary care for diabetes at municipal health clinics. Methods Outpatient data from the Philadelphia Health Care Centers was linked with hospital disch... | Background Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of a wide range of complications and comorbidities, which adversely affect quality of life, mortality, and health care services utilization. Cardiovascular diseases are the primary causes of morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes, yet data on cardiov... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC550650.xml |
517725 | Strategies for the recovery of active proteins through refolding of bacterial inclusion body proteins | Recent advances in generating active proteins through refolding of bacterial inclusion body proteins are summarized in conjunction with a short overview on inclusion body isolation and solubilization procedures. In particular, the pros and cons of well-established robust refolding techniques such as direct dilution as ... | Background Recombinant DNA technology made available several simple techniques for transferring and efficiently expressing desired genes in a foreign cell. Thus, it was thought that unlimited and inexpensive sources of otherwise rare proteins would become accessible. It soon was observed that the host cell had a great ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517725.xml |
544962 | Recent developments in national Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health strategy | In this paper I will describe some of the sentinel events in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health policy and strategy during 2003 and the early part of 2004. This will involve discussion on the: • National Strategic Framework in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health • National Strategic Framework for Abo... | Introduction Following the lead of the National Aboriginal Health Strategy (NAHS) [ 1 ], national strategy in this field has focussed on health sector reform and the development of inter-sectoral strategies to improve Indigenous health outcomes. In 1995, the health portfolio assumed responsibility for the management of... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544962.xml |
528853 | Granzyme B; the chalk-mark of a cytotoxic lymphocyte | During cytotoxic lymphocyte (CL) mediated killing of target cells, granzyme B is released from the CL into the immune synapse. Recent studies have found that ELISPOT-detection of granzyme B correlated well with conventional assays for CL mediated killing. In this way, the released granzyme B can be used to mark the spo... | Introduction Cytotoxic Lymphocytes (CLs) eliminate virally infected cells or tumour cells either by activating death receptors or by delivering cytotoxic granule proteins (granule exocytosis) to the target cell [ 1 , 2 ]. The ability of a virus or a tumour cell to evade detection or survive an attack by CLs is likely t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC528853.xml |
546191 | Research protocol: EB-GIS4HEALTH UK – foundation evidence base and ontology-based framework of modular, reusable models for UK/NHS health and healthcare GIS applications | EB-GIS4HEALTH UK aims at building a UK-oriented foundation evidence base and modular conceptual models for GIS applications and programmes in health and healthcare to improve the currently poor GIS state of affairs within the NHS; help the NHS understand and harness the importance of spatial information in the health s... | " Geocoding (street address matching or assignment of latitude and longitude) will be the basis for data linkage and analysis in the 21st century. The versatility of GIS supports the exploration of spatial relationships, patterns, and trends that otherwise would go unnoticed ." – US Healthy People 2010 Objectives (item... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546191.xml |
546185 | Measuring depression in nursing home residents with the MDS and GDS: an observational psychometric study | Background The objective of this study was to examine the Minimum Data Set (MDS) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) as measures of depression among nursing home residents. Methods The data for this study were baseline, pre-intervention assessment data from a research study involving nine nursing homes and 704 residen... | Background Depression is common among residents of nursing homes [ 1 ]. Of the many instruments used to identify depression in the elderly, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)[ 2 ] is probably the most widely used in research settings. The original version comprises 30 items, whereas subsequent versions have been prop... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546185.xml |
503397 | A quantitative analysis of qualitative studies in clinical journals for the 2000 publishing year | Background Quantitative studies are becoming more recognized as important to understanding health care with all of its richness and complexities. The purpose of this descriptive survey was to provide a quantitative evaluation of the qualitative studies published in 170 core clinical journals for 2000. Methods All ident... | Background Quantitative studies provide answers or insights for many important questions or issues in health care and clinical research. Other important questions dealing with why, how, contexts, and experiences of individuals or groups, can be best addressed using qualitative methods. Other issues benefit from interle... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC503397.xml |
514614 | The new reconstruction technique in the treatment of the skin cancers located on the eyelid: Posterior temporalis fascia composite graft | Background Difficulty of reconstruction of the eyelids arises from the need to reconstruct different supporting and covering structures in a single operation. Defects in the anterior lamella of the eyelids can be readily repaired with skin grafts or flaps but posterior lamellar reconstruction needs more complex applica... | Introduction Reconstruction of eyelid defects after tumor excision should aim at obtaining full globe protection without visual disruption and restoring the area to an appearance as close to normal as possible [ 1 ]. Reconstruction of the eyelids requires special considerations and complete understanding of the special... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514614.xml |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.