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423133 | Plasticity of DNA Replication Initiation in Epstein-Barr Virus Episomes | In mammalian cells, the activity of the sites of initiation of DNA replication appears to be influenced epigenetically, but this regulation is not fully understood. Most studies of DNA replication have focused on the activity of individual initiation sites, making it difficult to evaluate the impact of changes in initi... | Introduction Biochemical studies performed in higher eukaryotes have shown that DNA replication initiates at specific sites, or within initiation zones, suggesting the involvement of particular DNA sequences called replicators (reviewed by DePamphilis 1999 ). In contrast, functional studies, as well as studies of DNA r... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423133.xml |
314473 | Mechanism Suggests How HIV Protein Disrupts Immune Cell Migration | null | One of the cornerstones of immune system function is movement. When word spreads that a virus has entered the body, chemical signals tell lymphocytes to proliferate and travel to the site of infection. Efforts to combat HIV have focused on understanding how the virus disrupts this immune response in the hopes of develo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC314473.xml |
549513 | Quantification of the magnification and distortion effects of a pediatric flexible video-bronchoscope | Background Flexible video bronchoscopes, in particular the Olympus BF Type 3C160, are commonly used in pediatric respiratory medicine. There is no data on the magnification and distortion effects of these bronchoscopes yet important clinical decisions are made from the images. The aim of this study was to systematicall... | Introduction The flexible bronchoscope has been used in pediatrics for more than 20 years [ 1 ] yet there are only a limited number of publications on the systematic examination of the physical properties of magnification and distortion found in endoscopes of any size, let alone bronchoscopes specific for the pediatric... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549513.xml |
555847 | Factor structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in German coronary heart disease patients | Background Depression and anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) are associated with a poorer prognosis. Therefore the screening for psychological distress is strongly recommended in cardiac rehabilitation. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a widely used screening tool that has demonstr... | Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is of profound interest to health and clinical psychology due to the high levels of anxiety and depression observed in patients following the occurrence of a coronary event [ 1 - 5 ]. CHD was the most leading diagnosis for treatment in hospitals in Germany for men (320,000 patien... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555847.xml |
314467 | Looking from the Past to the Future | The history of one of the world's first electronic archives for scientific journals | JSTOR is successful for reasons its founders did not intend. Bill Bowen's inspired vision was of a solution to libraries' ever-voracious demands for space to house paper volumes. The idea was that libraries could save space by removing volumes available in electronic format. Few libraries have discarded the volumes dig... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC314467.xml |
314301 | Gene Expression Signature of a Fibroblast Serum Response Predicts Cancer Progression | null | The idea that cancer cells go through a fateful transition that turns them into fast-growing, invasive, metastasizing tumors first surfaced in the early 1970s. During this conversion, blood vessels form around the tumor, providing a dedicated supply of blood to fuel the tumor's aggressive behavior. By the mid-1980s his... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC314301.xml |
535802 | Family structure and risk factors for schizophrenia: case-sibling study | Background Several family structure-related factors, such as birth order, family size, parental age, and age differences to siblings, have been suggested as risk factors for schizophrenia. We examined how family-structure-related variables modified the risk of schizophrenia in Finnish families with at least one child w... | Background Several factors relating to family structure have been suggested as risk factors for schizophrenia. They include sibship size, number of older siblings, birth order in the sibship, age difference to older siblings, and age-at-onset, and sex of the affected siblings. These family-related risk factors may prov... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535802.xml |
514576 | Role of Tax protein in human T-cell leukemia virus type-I leukemogenicity | HTLV-1 is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), the neurological syndrome TSP/HAM and certain other clinical disorders. The viral Tax protein is considered to play a central role in the process leading to ATL. Tax modulates the expression of many viral and cellular genes through the CREB/ATF-, SRF- and ... | Introduction Human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-1) is the first discovered human retroviral pathogen [ 1 ]. It has been firmly implicated with the etiology of an aggressive malignancy known as adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and of a neurological progressive inflammatory syndrome called tropical spastic paraparesis o... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514576.xml |
516771 | Dam inactivation in Neisseria meningitidis: prevalence among diverse hyperinvasive lineages | Background DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) activity is absent in many, but not all, disease isolates of Neisseria meningitidis , as a consequence of the insertion of a restriction endonuclease-encoding gene, the ' dam replacing gene' ( drg ) at the dam locus. Here, we report the results of a survey to assess the pr... | Background Neisseria meningitidis , the causative agent of meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia, is a common inhabitant of the human nasopharynx, being asymptomatically carried by approximately 10% of the population [ 1 , 2 ]. There is evidence for extensive horizontal genetic exchange in populations of this antige... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516771.xml |
524516 | Effect of smoking on vitamin A, vitamin E, and other trace elements in patients with cardiovascular disease in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study | Background Data regarding the impact of cigarette smoking on trace elements are scarce and inconsistent. In this study, we evaluated the effect of smoking on serum concentrations of trace elements among adult males with heart disease. Methods This cross-sectional study included 100 adults hospitalized with heart diseas... | Introduction Smoking is a widely accepted practice in Bangladeshi men and is associated with socialising, sharing, and male identity [ 1 ]. According to an earlier cross-sectional study, approximately 50% of males and 3% of females are tobacco smokers in Bangladesh [ 2 ]. Although smoking is a recognized risk factor fo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524516.xml |
521687 | Factors influencing preoperative stress response in coronary artery bypass graft patients | Background In many studies investigating measures to attenuate the hemodynamic and humoral stress response during induction of anaesthesia, primary attention was paid to the period of endotracheal intubation since it has been shown that even short-lasting sympathetic cardiovascular stimulation may have detrimental effe... | Background There is increasing evidence that sympathetic nervous system mediated cardiovascular stimulation with increased catecholamine blood levels is the principal mechanism responsible for perioperative tachycardia and hypertension, myocardial ischemia and infarction [ 1 - 3 ]. Even short-lived changes may have det... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521687.xml |
521693 | Assessing response bias from missing quality of life data: The Heckman method | Background The objective of this study was to demonstrate the use of the Heckman two-step method to assess and correct for bias due to missing health related quality of life (HRQL) surveys in a clinical study of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Methods We analyzed data from 2,733 veterans with a confirmed diagno... | Background The potential impact of missing survey responses is often ignored in health-related quality of life (HRQL) studies [ 1 , 2 ]. Missing data from study participants can cause bias in parameter estimates of models predicting HRQL outcomes [ 2 - 4 ]. Unfortunately, regression models are frequently interpreted wi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521693.xml |
544590 | HIV-1 encoded candidate micro-RNAs and their cellular targets | MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs of 21–25 nucleotides that specifically regulate cellular gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs are derived from the maturation by cellular RNases III of imperfect stem loop structures of ~ 70 nucleotides. Evidence for hundreds of miRNAs and their corresponding targe... | Findings Initially discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans as regulators of temporal control of post-embryonic development [ 1 , 2 ], miRNAs are small RNAs involved in the specific regulation at the post-transcriptional level of cellular genes in various organisms such as flies, plants and mammals [ 3 , 4 ]. To date, more... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544590.xml |
535816 | Elevated responses to constant facial emotions in different faces in the human amygdala: an fMRI study of facial identity and expression | Background Human faces provide important signals in social interactions by inferring two main types of information, individual identity and emotional expression. The ability to readily assess both, the variability and consistency among emotional expressions in different individuals, is central to one's own interpretati... | Background Facial expressions and facial identities are important cues for the evaluation of social contexts [ 1 , 2 ]. Two main types of information have to be processed while seeing other persons' faces: a face has to be identified as belonging to a unique individual, establishing facial identity, while facial expres... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535816.xml |
516017 | Aberrant CBFA2T3B gene promoter methylation in breast tumors | Background The CBFA2T3 locus located on the human chromosome region 16q24.3 is frequently deleted in breast tumors. CBFA2T3 gene expression levels are aberrant in breast tumor cell lines and the CBFA2T3B isoform is a potential tumor suppressor gene. In the absence of identified mutations to further support a role for t... | Background Allelic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the human chromosome 16q in several sporadic cancer types, including breast, prostate and ovary cancers, suggests this chromosome arm harbors tumor suppressive loci [ 1 - 3 ]. The most frequent region of allelic loss occurs within 3-megabases (Mb) at 16q24.3 between th... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516017.xml |
554783 | Genetic linkage analysis supports the presence of two susceptibility loci for alcoholism and heavy drinking on chromosome 1p22.1-11.2 and 1q21.3-24.2 | Background In order to confirm a previous finding of linkage to alcoholism on chromosome 1 we have carried out a genetic linkage study. Methods DNA from eighteen families, densely affected by alcoholism, was used to genotype a set of polymorphic microsatellite markers at loci approximately 10 centimorgans apart spannin... | Background Epidemiological studies report that alcoholism as defined by the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) affects almost 10–15% of the general population in the USA and 1–5% in Europe [ 1 ]. Drinking behaviour is clearly partly determined by cultural and psychological factors, but genetic factors also play an impo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554783.xml |
524258 | A Clear View of Mycobacterial Infection | null | Fighting an infection might seem to be a battle between David and Goliath, given the relative sizes of bacterial infectious agents and the animals they infect. But on closer examination it is more often a chess match between two skilled opponents who have the uncanny ability to anticipate each other's moves. Mycobacter... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524258.xml |
524502 | Serum S100B in primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-beta-1a | S100B belongs to a family of calcium-binding proteins implicated in intracellular and extracellular regulatory activities. This study of serum S100B in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is based on data obtained from a randomized, controlled trial of Interferon β-1a in subjects with PPMS. The key questions ... | Introduction S100B belongs to a family of calcium-binding proteins implicated in intracellular and extracellular regulatory activities [ 2 ]. Intracellularly, it exhibits regulatory effects on cell growth, differentiation, cell shape and energy metabolism. Extracellularly, S100B stimulates neuronal survival, differenti... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524502.xml |
544584 | DNA vaccines: designing strategies against parasitic infections | The complexity of parasitic infections requires novel approaches to vaccine design. The versatility of DNA vaccination provides new perspectives. This review discusses the use of prime-boost immunizations, genetic adjuvants, multivalent vaccines and codon optimization for optimal DNA vaccine design against parasites. | Introduction DNA vaccination was introduced in 1990 by a study that demonstrated the induction of protein expression upon direct intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA in myocytes [ 1 ]. DNA vaccines are new types of sub-unit vaccines allowing protein expression in mammalian cells after introduction of plasmid or recom... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544584.xml |
509321 | Evolution's “Molecular Clock”: Not So Dependable After All? | null | DNA mutates, and it's a good thing it does. If it didn't, there could only be one kind of life, not the millions there are today, and species could not adapt to new challenges. This is because mutations in genes—the coding portion of DNA—are the raw material for evolution. However, genes make up a surprisingly small fr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509321.xml |
524270 | Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy to Reconstruct Three-Dimensional Tissue Nanostructure | Three-dimensional (3D) structural information on many length scales is of central importance in biological research. Excellent methods exist to obtain structures of molecules at atomic, organelles at electron microscopic, and tissue at light-microscopic resolution. A gap exists, however, when 3D tissue structure needs ... | Introduction Many cellular structures are so small that they can only be resolved in the electron microscope. Furthermore, it is often crucial to visualize and reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) structure of biological tissue. One prime example of where 3D information is indispensable is in exploring the connectivi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524270.xml |
520599 | Molecular Signatures of Proliferation and Quiescence in Hematopoietic Stem Cells | Stem cells resident in adult tissues are principally quiescent, yet harbor enormous capacity for proliferation to achieve self renewal and to replenish their tissue constituents. Although a single hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) can generate sufficient primitive progeny to repopulate many recipients, little is known abou... | Introduction Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the best-described adult stem cell population at a phenotypic and functional level. Recent attempts have been made to characterize their molecular regulation by comparing their gene expression profiles with those of other stem cell populations ( Ivanova et al. 2002 ; Ram... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC520599.xml |
535341 | Missing paternal demographics: A novel indicator for identifying high risk population of adverse pregnancy outcomes | Background One of every 6 United Status birth certificates contains no information on fathers. There might be important differences in the pregnancy outcomes between mothers with versus those without partner information. The object of this study was to assess whether and to what extent outcomes in pregnant women who di... | Background Pregnancy outcomes are not only important measures of health status of the mothers and infants, but are important measures of socioeconomic development in a society. For example, infant mortality has been considered the single most comprehensive measure of the health and wealth in a society [ 1 , 2 ]. Both m... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535341.xml |
544547 | A Golden Age of Brain Exploration | The Allen Brain Atlas of gene expression in the mouse brain is poised to serve as an outstanding resource to neuroscience | Armed with billions of cells, elaborate circuitry, and a seemingly animate anatomy, capable of growing as it learns, the brain is a marvelously enigmatic organ. Much to the chagrin of those that study it, the brain remains perhaps too mysterious. Although genetic information exploded out of the Human Genome Project, it... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544547.xml |
552325 | Umbilical metastases: current viewpoint | Background Umbilical metastases from a malignant neoplasm, also termed Sister Mary Joseph's nodule, are not commonly reported in the English literature, and they have usually been considered as a sign of a poor prognosis for the patient. The present article reports on the current view point on umbilical metastasis besi... | Background Cutaneous metastases localised to the umbilicus are named "Sister Mary Joseph's nodules". In 1949 Sir Hamilton Bailey initially used this eponym in his book "Physical Signs in Clinical Surgery" to describe umbilical metastases, in honour of Sister Mary Joseph, the superintendent nurse and surgical assistant ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552325.xml |
554973 | Food selection associated with sense of coherence in adults | Background Favorable dietary habits promote health, whereas unfavorable habits link to various chronic diseases. An individual's " sense of coherence" (SOC) is reported to correlate with prevalence of some diseases to which dietary habits are linked. However, understanding what determines an individual's dietary prefer... | Background Favorable dietary habits promote health, whereas unfavorable habits are linked to development of various chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, type-2 diabetes and dental caries. An excess intake of energy, excess refined sugars and saturated fatty acids, and too little fibers and antioxidants ca... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554973.xml |
552331 | Australia's international health relations in 2003 | A survey for the year 2003 of significant developments in Australia's official international health relations, and their domestic ramifications, is presented. The discussion is set within the broader context of Australian foreign policy. Sources include official documents, media reports and consultations with officers ... | Australia's health relations with other nations in the field of health constitute an important sub-set of health policy not only because of the intrinsic significance of bi-lateral and multilateral linkages, but also because of their ramifications for health policy at the domestic level. In broad terms, these health re... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552331.xml |
548382 | Clash of kingdoms or why Drosophila larvae positively respond to fungal competitors | Background Competition with filamentous fungi has been demonstrated to be an important cause of mortality for the vast group of insects that depend on ephemeral resources (e.g. fruit, dung, carrion). Recent data suggest that the well-known aggregation of Drosophila larvae across decaying fruit yields a competitive adva... | Background A common idea in animal ecology is that adverse or stressful environmental conditions facilitate the evolution of social behaviour [ 1 ]. The formation of groups across a huge number of animal taxa is thus considered to have broad implications for the benefit of individuals, including mate finding, the effic... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548382.xml |
539235 | Allele specific synthetic lethality between priC and dnaAts alleles at the permissive temperature of 30°C in E. coli K-12 | Background DnaA is an essential protein in the regulation and initiation of DNA replication in many bacteria. It forms a protein-DNA complex at oriC to which DnaC loads DnaB. DNA replication forks initiated at oriC by DnaA can collapse on route to the terminus for a variety of reasons. PriA, PriB, PriC, DnaT, Rep and D... | Background The loading of the DnaB replicative helicase at the E. coli origin of DNA replication ( oriC ) is a highly regulated and is thought to be a key step in the assembly of the replisome. DnaB makes important contacts with the τ-subunit of DNA Polymerase III Holoenzyme and DNA primase [ 1 ]. DnaB loading at oriC ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539235.xml |
549077 | Association study with Wegener granulomatosis of the human phospholipase Cγ2 gene | Background Wegener Granulomatosis (WG) is a multifactorial disease of yet unknown aetiology characterized by granulomata of the respiratory tract and systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Analyses of candidate genes revealed several associations, e.g. with α (1)-antitrypsin, proteinase 3 and with the HLA-DPB1 locus. A mutat... | Background Wegener granulomatosis (WG) is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology characterized by granulomata of the respiratory tract and systemic necrotizing vasculitis [ 1 ]. There is a strong and specific association with presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibodies to a defined target antigen... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549077.xml |
521491 | Using email reminders to engage physicians in an Internet-based CME intervention | Background Engaging practicing physicians in educational strategies that reinforce guideline adoption and improve the quality of healthcare may be difficult. Push technologies such as email offer new opportunities to engage physicians in online educational reinforcing strategies. The objectives are to investigate 1) th... | Background Many clinical practice guidelines have been disseminated through print publications and the Internet to improve the quality of healthcare. Complex physician behavior-change interventions have been created and applied to clinical practice guidelines to determine if the guidelines are being practiced. Research... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521491.xml |
549063 | Computational prediction of human metabolic pathways from the complete human genome | A computation pathway analysis of the human genome is presented that assigns enzymes encoded by the genome to predicted metabolic pathways. This analysis provides a genome-based view of human nutrition. | Background The human genome is a blueprint, but for what machinery? One approach to understanding the complex processes encoded by the human genome is to assign its enzyme products to biochemical pathways that define regulated sequences of biochemical transformations. Pathway and interaction assignments place genes in ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549063.xml |
553985 | Determinants of health insurance ownership among South African women | Background Studies conducted in developed countries using economic models show that individual- and household- level variables are important determinants of health insurance ownership. There is however a dearth of such studies in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between he... | Background A health system in any country performs instrumental functions of stewardship (oversight), creation of resources (investment and training), delivering services (provision), and financing (collecting, pooling and purchasing) [ 1 ]. Ultimately, the effectiveness and efficiency with which these functions are ex... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC553985.xml |
544553 | The Global HIV/AIDS Vaccine Enterprise: Scientific Strategic Plan | The development of an HIV vaccine remains one of the most difficult challenges confronting biomedical research today. A new international collaboration shares its plan to address the challenge | Introduction In June 2003, an international group of scientists proposed the creation of a Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise [ 1 ]. The authors invited discussion of this proposal, and challenged scientists to identify new strategies and mechanisms to accelerate the global effort to develop a safe and effective HIV vaccine... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544553.xml |
553991 | Volume-based non-continuum modeling of bone functional adaptation | Background Bone adapts to mechanical strain by rearranging the trabecular geometry and bone density. The common finite element methods used to simulate this adaptation have inconsistencies regarding material properties at each node and are computationally demanding. Here, a volume-based, non-continuum formulation is pr... | Background Much research effort has been devoted to understanding the functional adaptation of bone under physiological loading ever since the idea of bone functional adaptation was proposed by Wolff more than one hundred years ago [ 1 - 14 ]. Various computational models have been put forward in the past decades and t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC553991.xml |
509309 | A Protein Required for Fruitflies to Dispatch Wasp Parasites | null | For a three-millimeter invertebrate, the Drosophila fruitfly has a remarkably sophisticated immune system. Granted, it can't customize an immune response by grooming cells to “remember” and target specific pathogens. But it can rally the less specialized tools of innate immunity to fight disease and infection, and in s... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509309.xml |
551610 | Low adherence with antihypertensives in actual practice: the association with social participation – a multilevel analysis | Background Low adherence is a key factor in explaining impaired effectiveness and efficiency in the pharmacological treatment of hypertension. However, little is known about which factors determine low adherence in actual practice. The purpose of this study is to examine whether low social participation is associated w... | Background The effectiveness [ 1 , 2 ] and efficiency [ 3 ] of antihypertensives may be questioned, as adherence with antihypertensives may be as low as 50% [ 1 , 4 ]. The efficacy of antihypertensives has been evaluated in randomised clinical trials (RCTs). The RCTs are often of short duration, the study population is... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551610.xml |
548143 | Estrogen, mitochondria, and growth of cancer and non-cancer cells | In this review, we discuss estrogen actions on mitochondrial function and the possible implications on cell growth. Mitochondria are important targets of estrogen action. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of interaction between estrogen and mitochondria; and mitochondrial signaling to nucleus are pertinent to the develop... | Introduction Estrogen is considered to elicit different growth responses in various tissues through binding to the estrogen receptor (ER) α and ERβ [ 1 - 3 ]. The modulation of estrogen responsive gene transcription by the ER is termed a " genomic " action of estrogen. In contrast, " non-genomic " effects of estrogen a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548143.xml |
551605 | Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in human neutrophils by real-time PCR | Background Reference genes, which are often referred to housekeeping genes, are frequently used to normalize mRNA levels between different samples. However the expression level of these genes may vary among tissues or cells, and may change under certain circumstances. Thus the selection of reference gene(s) is critical... | Background Neutrophils are the most numerous granulocytes in blood and are responsible for the first line of host defence. However, neutrophils have frequently been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases because they can produce various cytokines, chemokines and other proinflammatory mediators [ 1 , 2 ]. Numer... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551605.xml |
554998 | Salivary changes and dental caries as potential oral markers of autoimmune salivary gland dysfunction in primary Sjögren's syndrome | Background the classification criteria for primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) include a number of oral components. In this study we evaluated if salivary flow and composition as well as dental caries are oral markers of disease severity in pSS. Methods in 20 patients fulfilling the American-European Consensus criteria fo... | Background Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a common systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects middle-aged women. The exact aetiology remains elusive, and appears multifactorial. The disease is characterised by a chronic periductal lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands, predominantly of the lacrimal ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554998.xml |
497045 | Identification of astrocytoma associated genes including cell surface markers | Background Despite intense effort the treatment options for the invasive astrocytic tumors are still limited to surgery and radiation therapy, with chemotherapy showing little or no increase in survival. The generation of Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) profiles is expected to aid in the identification of ast... | Background Astrocytomas are the most frequent malignant primary brain tumors in adults. Clinically, this group of tumors can be divided into four World Health Organization (WHO) grades. Pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO grade I) are generally slow growing and non-infiltrative pediatric tumors, which are rarely fatal. For the... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC497045.xml |
521485 | Simple statistical models predict C-to-U edited sites in plant mitochondrial RNA | Background RNA editing is the process whereby an RNA sequence is modified from the sequence of the corresponding DNA template. In the mitochondria of land plants, some cytidines are converted to uridines before translation. Despite substantial study, the molecular biological mechanism by which C-to-U RNA editing procee... | Background RNA editing is the process whereby an RNA sequence is modified from the sequence corresponding to the DNA template. A particular form of RNA editing in plant mitochondria, by which some cytidines are converted to uridines before translation, occurs in many land plant lineages. Although cytidine to uridine co... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521485.xml |
554768 | Increased p53 immunopositivity in anaplastic medulloblastoma and supratentorial PNET is not caused by JC virus | Background p53 mutations are relatively uncommon in medulloblastoma, but abnormalities in this cell cycle pathway have been associated with anaplasia and worse clinical outcomes. We correlated p53 protein expression with pathological subtype and clinical outcome in 75 embryonal brain tumors. The presence of JC virus, w... | Background The current World Health Organization classification for tumors of the nervous system includes medulloblastoma, medulloepithelioma, ependymoblastoma, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (sPNET) and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) in the category of embryonal brain neoplasms [ 1 ]. These tu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554768.xml |
509308 | Finding Mutations That Disrupt Cortical Development | null | As the presumed “seat of consciousness,” the cerebral cortex mediates the higher-level cognitive processing—such as abstract thought—that humans like to think distinguishes them from other animals. The cerebral cortex is, in fact, significantly larger in the human brain and has far more “columns” than it does in other ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509308.xml |
522826 | Validity and reproducibility of an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire for healthy French-Canadian men and women | Objective To evaluate the validity (study 1) and the reproducibility (study 2) of an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Method The FFQ was designed at Laval University and contains 91 items and 33 subquestions. Study 1 : The FFQ was compared against a 3-day food record (2 week-days and 1 weeke... | Background There is increasing evidence that nutrients may be important in the development of chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes. In the late 60s, the Mediterranean diet became a topic of interest primarily because of results of the Seven Countries Study, which demonstrated that t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC522826.xml |
534089 | Anti-Ri antibodies associated with short-term memory deficits and a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary | Background The IgG autoantibody ANNA-2 (anti-Ri) is a type 2 antineuronal antibody that has been found to bind to highly conserved and widely distributed adult brain proteins encoded by the Nova-1 and Nova-2 genes. Anti-Ri antibodies are typically detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluids of patients with neurolog... | Background Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) are signs or symptoms attributable to tissue damage at sites that are remote from a primary malignancy or their metastases. PNS involving virtually every level of the neuro-muscular system have been described [ 1 - 3 ]. Typically, the paraneoplastic syndromes causing neurologic... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534089.xml |
497044 | Irinotecan plus folinic acid/continuous 5-fluorouracil as simplified bimonthly FOLFIRI regimen for first-line therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer | Background Combination therapy of irinotecan, folinic acid (FA) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been proven to be highly effective for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. However, in light of safety and efficacy concerns, the best combination regimen for first-line therapy still needs to be defined. The curren... | Background Patients with advanced C olo R ectal C ancer (CRC) have been demonstrated to benefit from chemotherapeutic treatment in terms of both quality and duration of life [ 1 ]. Of these treatments, fluoropyrimidines are the most often used and best investigated drugs [ 2 , 3 ]. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemother... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC497044.xml |
555463 | Treatment of osteoporosis in an older home care population | Background Previous research indicates that many patients with fractures indicative of underlying osteoporosis are not receiving appropriate diagnostic follow-up and therapy. We assessed osteoporosis treatment coverage in older home care clients with a diagnosis of osteoporosis and/or prevalent fracture. Methods Subjec... | Background Osteoporosis is defined as ' . . .a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture. Bone strength reflects the integration of two main features; bone density and bone quality' [ 1 ]. The presence of a vertebral or other fragility fracture i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555463.xml |
552319 | The small heat-shock proteins IbpA and IbpB reduce the stress load of recombinant Escherichia coli and delay degradation of inclusion bodies | Background The permanently impaired protein folding during recombinant protein production resembles the stress encountered at extreme temperatures, under which condition the putative holding chaperones, IbpA/IbpB, play an important role. We evaluated the impact of ibpAB deletion or overexpression on stress responses an... | Background Production of recombinant proteins as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli can induce several stress responses [ 1 - 3 ] and may interfere with primary metabolism and cellular protein synthesis [ 4 - 6 ]. The metabolic burden of the synthesis of recombinant and stress proteins [ 7 , 8 ] may result in stop of... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552319.xml |
543572 | Application of microarray technology in pulmonary diseases | Microarrays are a powerful tool that have multiple applications both in clinical and cell biology arenas of common lung diseases. To exemplify how this tool can be useful, in this review, we will provide an overview of the application of microarray technology in research relevant to common lung diseases and present som... | Introduction Microarray technology is rapidly becoming a standard technology used in research laboratories all across the world. Since its first application in the mid 1990s [ 1 ] microarray technology has been successfully applied to almost every aspect of biomedical research [ 2 - 7 ] with over 250 papers in respirat... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543572.xml |
551604 | Identification of a new family of putative PD-(D/E)XK nucleases with unusual phylogenomic distribution and a new type of the active site | Background Prediction of structure and function for uncharacterized protein families by identification of evolutionary links to characterized families and known structures is one of the cornerstones of genomics. Theoretical assignment of three-dimensional folds and prediction of protein function even at a very general ... | Background The PD-(D/E)XK domain is ubiquitously found in enzymes involved in metabolism of nucleic acids, mostly in nucleases with diverse biological functions. The first structurally characterized members of the PD-(D/E)XK superfamily were restriction enzymes (REases) (reviews: [ 1 , 2 ]). Crystallographic studies re... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551604.xml |
544552 | Fish Need You | null | There is little in biology that compares in beauty and limpidity to the development of a zebrafish embryo as viewed through a light microscope. The transparent eggshell and embryo tissues expose the minutest details of cell migrations and organ assembly to the curious viewer. Within a day, distinct vertebrate features ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544552.xml |
521490 | Methods of assessment of patients for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy that correlate with final visual improvement | Background This paper attempts to clarify the usefulness of various simple pre-operative measures in estimating the potential for a visually successful capsulotomy. Methods 24 patients attending for capsulotomy had pre-operative measures of glare with BAT tester, visibility of posterior pole and grading of posterior ca... | Background Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) remains one of the most common post operative morbidities in modern day cataract surgery [ 1 , 2 ] and Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures. However, the Nd: YAG capsulotomy procedure has been associated with complicatio... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521490.xml |
521484 | Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Urechis caupo, a representative of the phylum Echiura | Background Mitochondria contain small genomes that are physically separate from those of nuclei. Their comparison serves as a model system for understanding the processes of genome evolution. Although hundreds of these genome sequences have been reported, the taxonomic sampling is highly biased toward vertebrates and a... | Background Mitochondrial genomes are physically separate from the nuclear genome. For animals, they are typically circular with a compact arrangement of an identical set of 37 genes [ 1 ]. For some animals, all genes are on the same strand, whereas for others they are divided between the two. The arrangement of these g... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521484.xml |
497050 | Echocardiographic assessment and percutaneous closure of multiple atrial septal defects | Atrial septal defect closure is now routinely performed using a percutaneous approach under echocardiographic guidance. Centrally located, secundum defects are ideal for device closure but there is considerable morphological variation in size and location of the defects. A small proportion of atrial septal defects may ... | Introduction Atrial septal defect (ASD) closure is now commonly performed using a transcatheter, percutaneous approach and with the Amplatzer septal occluder, large defects can be safely closed [ 1 , 2 ]. Device deployment requires a rim of atrial septal tissue surrounding the defect to allow effective capture of the s... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC497050.xml |
552318 | FlyPNS, a database of the Drosophila embryonic and larval peripheral nervous system | Background The embryonic and larval peripheral nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster is extensively studied as a very powerful model of developmental biology. One main advantage of this system is the ability to study the origin and development of individual sensory cells. However, there remain several discrepancies... | Background The Drosophila abdominal larval PNS is composed of a constant number of neurons and associated cells, whose characteristics and positions are reproducible between individuals [ 1 - 5 ]. Its stereotyped pattern has made it an ideal system to study many aspects of developmental biology such as cell determinati... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552318.xml |
509320 | Deterministic Tumor Evolution | null | The essential difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells evolve. Most cancers arise from a single cell through a sequential evolutionary process of mutation and selection. Cancer cells harbor mutations in a number of critical genes that, at various stages during the evolution of the tumor, pr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509320.xml |
544546 | Turning to Science | A review of John Brockman's new book Curious Minds: How a Child Becomes a Scientist. | Do you want your child to grow up to be a scientist? If so, then by all means follow the roadmaps set down by the 27 scientists who contributed their personal histories to John Brockman's Curious Minds: How a Child Becomes a Scientist . You could do worse than start with a family history rich in science, like Nicholas ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544546.xml |
524259 | Only Connect: The Functional Architecture of Brain Connectivity | null | Imagine three cities, A, B, and C, splayed across the landscape to form a triangle, with each connected to the other two by two-lane roads. Such an arrangement of cities and roads constitutes a structural network. On any given day traffic may flow, say, only from A to B to C, or in both directions between A and B but f... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524259.xml |
549076 | Omega-3 fatty acids decreased irritability of patients with bipolar disorder in an add-on, open label study | This is a report on a 37-patient continuation study of the open ended, Omega-3 Fatty Acid (O-3FA) add-on study. Subjects consisted of the original 19 patients, along with 18 new patients recruited and followed in the same fashion as the first nineteen. Subjects carried a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder and were... | Introduction According to the United States National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bipolar Disorder (BPD), also known as manic-depressive illness, is a serious medical illness that causes shifts in a person's mood, energy, and ability to function. Different from the normal ups and downs that everyone goes through,... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549076.xml |
552330 | Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) glycoprotein-mediated cell-cell fusion by immunor (IM28) | Background Immunor (IM28), an analog of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) by inhibiting reverse transcriptase. We assessed the ability of IM28 to inhibit the cell-cell fusion mediated by HIV envelope glycoprotein in an in vitro system. For this purpose, we co-cultured T... | Background The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein is composed of two subunits: a surface glycoprotein (gp120) and a trans-membrane glycoprotein (gp41). These two subunits interact with each other in a non covalent manner. Gp120 is critical for attachment to host cell CD4 receptors, wherea... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552330.xml |
535354 | Supracubital perineurioma misdiagnosed as carpal tunnel syndrome: case report | Background Perineuriomas have been defined as tumorous lesions of the peripheral nerves which derive from perineurial cell proliferation and may be associated with abnormalities on chromosome 22. Case presentation Three years after a painful cubital vein procaine injection, a 33 year-old man developed a median nerve le... | Background In the past years, there has been much confusion concerning the definition of the entity of rare focal lesions of the peripheral nerves since terms such as perineurioma, localized hypertrophic neuropathy, or hypertrophic neuritis have been used as synonyms [ 1 - 5 ]. According to the revised World Health Org... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535354.xml |
543573 | Population genetic structure of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes on Lake Victoria islands, west Kenya | Background Understanding the genetic structure of island Anopheles gambiae populations is important for the current tactics in mosquito control and for the proposed strategy using genetically-modified mosquitoes (GMM). Genetically-isolated mosquito populations on islands are a potential site for testing GMM. The object... | Background Despite 50 years of malaria vector control efforts, malaria remains a major public health threat in tropical and subtropical countries [ 1 - 3 ]. In recent years, malaria has caused increased human mortality and morbidity as malaria epidemics have spread to areas where it was previously rare [ 4 , 5 ]. The c... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543573.xml |
554769 | A robust method for the amplification of RNA in the sense orientation | Background Small quantities of RNA (1–4 μg total RNA) available from biological samples frequently require a single round of amplification prior to analysis, but current amplification strategies have limitations that may restrict their usefulness in downstream genomic applications. The Eberwine amplification method has... | Background The increased use of microarray expression profiling to study both the molecular biology of cancer and the cellular physiology of difficult-to-isolate cell types has led to a growing need for methods that allow the use of limiting quantities of RNA. Small surgical biopsies, fine needle aspirates, cyto-lavage... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554769.xml |
553984 | Statistical model of natural stimuli predicts edge-like pooling of spatial frequency channels in V2 | Background It has been shown that the classical receptive fields of simple and complex cells in the primary visual cortex emerge from the statistical properties of natural images by forcing the cell responses to be maximally sparse or independent. We investigate how to learn features beyond the primary visual cortex fr... | Background A number of models approach the computational modelling of primary visual cortex by using two processing stages. First, there is a linear filtering with filters that are bandpass, oriented, and spatially localized. In some models, the outputs of the linear filters are half-wave rectified, but this difference... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC553984.xml |
553990 | Colorectal cancer metastasis: in the surgeon's hands? | Background Lymphovascular ligation before tumour manipulation during colorectal cancer resection is termed the ' no-touch isolation ' technique. It aims to reduce the intra-operative dissemination of colorectal cancer cells. Recently, the detection of circulating tumour cells has been enhanced by molecular biology tech... | Background Of the patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing surgery for resectable disease, 30–50% will subsequently develop metastases [ 1 ]. Dissemination of tumour cells is therefore thought to occur early on in the disease process. The principle of early lymphovascular ligation before manipulation of the tum... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC553990.xml |
544591 | Mitral valve prolapse associated with celiac artery stenosis: a new ultrasonographic syndrome? | Background Celiac artery stenosis (CAS) may be caused by atherosclerotic degeneration or compression exerted by the arched ligament of the diaphragm. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the most common valvular disorder. There are no reports on an association between CAS and MVP. Methods 1560 (41%) out of 3780 consecutive p... | Background Celiac artery stenosis (CAS) may be caused by atherosclerotic degeneration, as observed in different vascular districts, or by extrinsic compression (ECCA) usually exerted by an abnormally developed arched ligament of the diaphragm [ 1 - 7 ]. ECCA may cause abdominal or epigastric pain triggered by meals (an... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544591.xml |
552324 | Diagnosis and treatment of carotid body paraganglioma: 21 years of experience at a clinical center of Serbia | Background The carotid body paraganglioma (chemodectoma) is a relatively rare neoplasm of obscure origin. These are usually benign and commonly present as asymptomatic cervical mass. Patients and methods Records of 12 patients (9 female and 3 male) with carotid body tumors treated between 1982 and 2003, treated at our ... | Background Paraganglioma arising from the carotid body are relatively rare tumors but constitute majority of head and neck paragangliomas (60–70%) [ 1 - 6 ]. The term paraganglia was first used by Kohn in the early twentieth century and is the most appropriate nomenclature from an embryologic standpoint [ 3 - 5 ]. Othe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC552324.xml |
535340 | Cross-species hybridisation of human and bovine orthologous genes on high density cDNA microarrays | Background Cross-species gene-expression comparison is a powerful tool for the discovery of evolutionarily conserved mechanisms and pathways of expression control. The usefulness of cDNA microarrays in this context is that broad areas of homology are compared and hybridization probes are sufficiently large that small i... | Background Microarrays are routinely used for large scale transcriptome analyses and have been widely and successfully employed for simultaneously monitoring the expression of a potentially unlimited number of genes in parallel, thus providing the basis for identifying genes differentially expressed in distinct cell-ty... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535340.xml |
551611 | Cα-H···O=C hydrogen bonds contribute to the specificity of RGD cell-adhesion interactions | Background The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) cell adhesion sequence occurs in several extracellular matrix molecules known to interact with integrin cell-surface receptors. Recently published crystal structures of the extracellular regions of two integrins in complex with peptides containing or mimicking the RGD sequence have iden... | Background The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence is one of the most easily recognised motifs in molecular biology [ 1 ]. Discovered in fibronectin in 1984 [ 2 ], this tripeptide appears to be conserved in the cell attachment sites of many proteins from the extracellular matrix (ECM). The later discovery that RGD is recognised... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551611.xml |
524503 | Association of changes in health-related quality of life in coronary heart disease with coronary procedures and sociodemographic characteristics | Background Few studies have focused on the association between the sociodemographic characteristics of a patient with the change in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) following invasive coronary procedures, and the results remain inconclusive. The objective of the present study was to measure the temporal changes i... | Background In the medical treatment of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), invasive coronary procedures – such as percutaneous coronary intervention – are effective in reducing mortality and morbidity [ 1 , 2 ]. An important supplementary outcome of medical interventions and the processes of health care is heal... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524503.xml |
539234 | P80, the HinT interacting membrane protein, is a secreted antigen of Mycoplasma hominis | Background Mycoplasmas are cell wall-less bacteria which encode a minimal set of proteins. In Mycoplasma hominis , the genes encoding the surface-localized membrane complex P60/P80 are in an operon with a gene encoding a cytoplasmic, n ucleotide-binding protein with a characteristic H istidine triad motif (HinT). HinT ... | Background The contact of a pathogenic bacterium with its eukaryotic host provokes a multitude of reactions. A prerequisite for successful infection with the host is the cytadhesion of the bacterium generally mediated by surface localized proteins [ 1 ]. Besides adhesion, pathogens like Listeria , Yersinia and even som... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539234.xml |
544585 | Retroviral transduction of peptide stimulated t cells can generate dual t cell receptor-expressing (bifunctional) t cells reactive with two defined antigens | Background Tumors and viruses have developed many mechanisms to evade the immune system, including down-regulation of target antigens and MHC molecules. These immune escape mechanisms may be able to be circumvented by adoptively transferring T cells engineered to express two different T cell receptors, each specific fo... | Background It has long been established that tumors and viruses have multiple mechanisms for evading the immune system including the inhibition of T cell function through the release of inhibitory cytokines and factors [ 1 , 2 ], down-regulation of MHC molecules [ 2 , 3 ] and the spontaneous generation of antigen-loss ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544585.xml |
554782 | Atlas – a data warehouse for integrative bioinformatics | Background We present a biological data warehouse called Atlas that locally stores and integrates biological sequences, molecular interactions, homology information, functional annotations of genes, and biological ontologies. The goal of the system is to provide data, as well as a software infrastructure for bioinforma... | Background One important goal in bioinformatics is to integrate data from disparate sources of heterogeneous biological information. Data integration allows us to assemble targeted data reagents for bioinformatics analyses, and to discover scientific relationships between data. Most public repositories of biological da... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554782.xml |
549062 | Microarray-based resequencing of multiple Bacillus anthracis isolates | Custom-designed resequencing arrays were used to generate 3.1 Mb of genomic sequence from a panel of 56 Bacillus anthracis strains. Sequence quality was shown to be very high by replication and by comparison to independently generated shotgun sequence | Background Population genomics, the study of genome-wide patterns of genetic variation in a large number of organisms, is emerging as a vigorous new field of study [ 1 - 3 ]. Rapid, accurate and inexpensive resequencing could enable a variety of potential applications and studies. For the biowarfare (BW) pathogen, Baci... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549062.xml |
548142 | Asthma is a risk factor for acute chest syndrome and cerebral vascular accidents in children with sickle cell disease | Background Asthma and sickle cell disease are common conditions that both may result in pulmonary complications. We hypothesized that children with sickle cell disease with concomitant asthma have an increased incidence of vaso-occlusive crises that are complicated by episodes of acute chest syndrome. Methods A 5-year ... | Background Sickle cell disease is a common debilitating hematologic disease occurring in 1 in 650 African Americans. Lung disease is a major cause of cardiopulmonary disability and mortality [ 1 , 2 ]. Progressive restrictive lung disease related to recurrent episodes of acute chest syndrome may develop with advancing ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548142.xml |
524517 | Persistent expression of chemokine and chemokine receptor RNAs at primary and latent sites of herpes simplex virus 1 infection | Inflammatory cytokines and infiltrating T cells are readily detected in herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected mouse cornea and trigeminal ganglia (TG) during the acute phase of infection, and certain cytokines continue to be expressed at lower levels in infected TG during the subsequent latent phase. Recent results have ... | Introduction Acute viral infections are usually cleared from the primary site of infection by the host immune response [ 1 ], but some viruses can persist at other sites in a latent form. Herpes simplex virus (HSV), for example, causes a primary infection at a mucosal site, which is cleared within 7–10 days by the host... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524517.xml |
554972 | The architecture of mammalian ribosomal protein promoters | Background Mammalian ribosomes contain 79 different proteins encoded by widely scattered single copy genes. Coordinate expression of these genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels is required to ensure a roughly equimolar accumulation of ribosomal proteins. To date, detailed studies of only a very few r... | Background Ribosomes are vital organelles, which catalyze protein synthesis in all living organisms. Eukaryotic ribosomes consist of four RNA molecules (rRNAs) and 79 different proteins. The mammalian genes encoding the rRNAs are multicopy and clustered at a few loci, whereas those encoding the ribosomal proteins (rp g... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554972.xml |
521686 | Long-distance transport of L-ascorbic acid in potato | Background Following on from recent advances in plant AsA biosynthesis there is increasing interest in elucidating the factors contributing to the L -ascorbic acid (AsA) content of edible crops. One main objective is to establish whether in sink organs such as fruits and tubers, AsA is synthesised in situ from imported... | Background L -Ascorbic acid (AsA), the reduced form of vitamin C, is an essential antioxidant for many biological systems and must be obtained via the diet by humans, primates and a few other animals which are unable to synthesise AsA endogenously [ 1 ]. The main dietary source of AsA for all these organisms are plants... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521686.xml |
514601 | STING Millennium Suite: integrated software for extensive analyses of 3d structures of proteins and their complexes | Background The integration of many aspects of protein/DNA structure analysis is an important requirement for software products in general area of structural bioinformatics. In fact, there are too few software packages on the internet which can be described as successful in this respect. We might say that what is still ... | Background A need to integrate, visualize and mine large amount of protein structure data is accelerating. In order to accommodate visualization of data originating from several sources and make analysis of protein structure and structural parameters easier, we developed Sting Millennium Suite (SMS). SMS is a web-based... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514601.xml |
516770 | POSA: Perl Objects for DNA Sequencing Data Analysis | Background Capillary DNA sequencing machines allow the generation of vast amounts of data with little hands-on time. With this expansion of data generation, there is a growing need for automated data processing. Most available software solutions, however, still require user intervention or provide modules that need adv... | Background Today, many genetics laboratories have access to modern capillary DNA sequencing machines, such as the ABI PRISM 3100, 3700 or 3730. These machines generate vast amounts of raw sequence data with little user intervention. Consequently, the amount of data to be analyzed has expanded and the bottleneck now is ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516770.xml |
314466 | HIV-1 Nef Binds the DOCK2–ELMO1 Complex to Activate Rac and Inhibit Lymphocyte Chemotaxis | The infectious cycle of primate lentiviruses is intimately linked to interactions between cells of the immune system. Nef, a potent virulence factor, alters cellular environments to increase lentiviral replication in the host, yet the mechanisms underlying these effects have remained elusive. Since Nef likely functions... | Introduction Primate lentiviruses persist in the host by active replication and can reemerge from latent reservoirs that are established in cells of the immune system ( Finzi and Siliciano 1998 ; Douek et al. 2003 ). The infectious cycle is intimately linked to interactions between circulating T cells and antigen-prese... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC314466.xml |
521692 | The PedsQL™ Family Impact Module: Preliminary reliability and validity | Background The PedsQL™ Measurement Model was designed to measure health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents. The PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales were developed to be integrated with the PedsQL™ Disease-Specific Modules. The newly developed PedsQL™ Family Impact Module was designed to measure the... | Background Pediatric health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is increasingly acknowledged as an important health outcome measure in clinical trials and health services research and evaluation [ 1 , 2 ]. Additionally, in pediatric chronic health conditions, the impact of disease and treatment on family functioning is a s... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521692.xml |
514615 | Primary small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the duodenum – a case report and review of literature | Background Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in the duodenum is an extremely rare neoplasm with poor prognosis. Case presentation A 57-year-old man presented with sudden onset gastrointestinal bleeding and fainting attacks. Duodenoscopy and hypotonic duodenography revealed a 3 × 3 cm protruding tumor with ulcerations... | Background Duodenal Neuroendocrine tumors constitute 5% of all gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors [ 1 , 2 ]. Most of these show well-differentiated features and are classified as carcinoids or somatostatinomas [ 3 - 6 ]. Occurrence of carcinoma is rare, and carcinomas with anaplastic character, which are classified... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514615.xml |
314300 | Gene Expression Signature of Fibroblast Serum Response Predicts Human Cancer Progression: Similarities between Tumors and Wounds | Cancer invasion and metastasis have been likened to wound healing gone awry. Despite parallels in cellular behavior between cancer progression and wound healing, the molecular relationships between these two processes and their prognostic implications are unclear. In this study, based on gene expression profiles of fib... | Introduction Since the classic observations of the many histologic similarities between the tumor microenvironment and normal wound healing, it has been proposed that tumor stroma is “normal wound healing gone awry” ( Dvorak 1986 ). During normal wound healing, coagulation of extravasated blood initiates a complex casc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC314300.xml |
544963 | Healthy children, healthy country: the use of governing instruments in shifting the policy paradigm | The evidence on early childhood strongly suggests the need to shift child health policy from the current focus on social welfare to a socio-ecologically based approach. This paper reviews three governing instruments, exhortation, expenditure and regulation, that have been used by governments in Australia and discusses ... | The evidence for healthy public policy for children There can be no keener revelation of a society's soul than the way it treats its children [ 1 ]. Research evidence has demonstrated that the experiences of early childhood can have a profound lifelong impact on a child's health, wellbeing and competence [ 2 ]. The imp... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544963.xml |
549512 | Sweet proteins – Potential replacement for artificial low calorie sweeteners | Exponential growth in the number of patients suffering from diseases caused by the consumption of sugar has become a threat to mankind's health. Artificial low calorie sweeteners available in the market may have severe side effects. It takes time to figure out the long term side effects and by the time these are establ... | Sweet and taste modifying proteins The prevalence of obesity and diabetes has increased dramatically in recent years in the United States, with similar patterns seen in several other countries including India [ 1 ] as well. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by inherited or acquired deficiency in production ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549512.xml |
535803 | Seroprevalence of simian immunodeficiency virus in wild and captive born Sykes' monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) in Kenya | Background The Sykes' monkey and related forms ( Cercopithecus mitis ) make up an abundant, widespread and morphologically diverse species complex in eastern Africa that naturally harbors a distinct simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsyk). We carried out a retrospective serological survey of SIV infection from both wild... | Background Both human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus-2 (HIV-2) have been evolutionarily linked to zoonotic transmissions of naturally occurring simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) from Central African chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes troglodytes ) and West African sooty mangabey monke... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535803.xml |
340962 | Learning to Discern Images Modifies Neural Activity | xx | The primate brain processes a remarkably diverse array of visual cues to recognize objects in dynamic settings crammed with unfamiliar objects. Not surprisingly, repeated viewing aids recognition, but how the brain orchestrates this experience-driven improvement is unclear. Visual input to the brain travels from the ey... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC340962.xml |
503396 | Resident interest and factors involved in entering a pediatric pulmonary fellowship | Background Relatively little is known about interest in pediatric pulmonology among pediatric residents. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine at this institution: 1) the level of pediatric resident interest in pursuing a pulmonary fellowship, 2) potential factors involved in development of such intere... | Background The specialty of pediatric pulmonology is relatively new, having been recognized as a pediatric sub-specialty by the American Board of Medical Sub-specialties in 1984. In 1997, there were approximately 500 board certified pediatric pulmonologists in the United States and Canada [ 1 ]. This number has increas... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC503396.xml |
368181 | Corrections: The Roles of APC and Axin Derived from Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Wnt Pathway | null | In PLoS Biology, volume 1, issue 1: The Roles of APC and Axin Derived from Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Wnt Pathway Ethan Lee, Adrian Salic, Roland Krüger, Reinhart Heinrich, Marc W. Kirschner DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0000010 Table 1: In the legend, the words fluxes and flux appeared without the fl . T... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC368181.xml |
406403 | Small Fish, Big Science | The European Union recently awarded 12 million Euros to the ZF-MODELS research consortium to study zebrafish models for human development and disease | Francis Hamilton, the Briton who first described zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) in 1822, would be astounded to see the scientific attention now afforded to this two-inch-long native of Indian rivers. A fish with no economic worth was how he described this little creature. Yet recently, the European Union awarded 12 million ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC406403.xml |
555846 | Heat shock protein 72 expression allows permissive replication of oncolytic adenovirus dl1520 (ONYX-015) in rat glioblastoma cells | In this study we have made novel observations with regards to potentiation of the tumoricidal activity of the oncolytic adenovirus, dl1520 (ONYX-015) in rat glioblastoma cell lines expressing heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) due to permissive virus replication. ONYX-015 is a conditionally replicating adenovirus that is de... | Background Adenovirus vectors are commonly utilized in cancer gene therapy experiments. They readily infect numerous tumor cell types and are easily manipulated allowing for transgene expression[ 1 ]. In an effort to improve selectivity of these vectors for malignant cells, replication selective or conditionally replic... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555846.xml |
555852 | BioAfrica's HIV-1 Proteomics Resource: Combining protein data with bioinformatics tools | Most Internet online resources for investigating HIV biology contain either bioinformatics tools, protein information or sequence data. The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive online proteomics resource that integrates bioinformatics with the latest information on HIV-1 protein structure, gene expres... | Background Although the HIV-1 genome contains only 9 genes, it is capable of generating more than 19 gene products. These products can be divided into three major categories: structural and enzymatic (Gag, Pol, Env); immediate-early regulatory (Tat, Rev and Nef), and late regulatory (Vif, Vpu, Vpr) proteins. Tat, Rev a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555852.xml |
550651 | Influence of patient symptoms and physical findings on general practitioners' treatment of respiratory tract infections: a direct observation study | Background The high rate of antibiotic prescriptions general practitioners (GPs) make for respiratory tract infections (RTI) are often explained by non-medical reasons e.g. an effort to meet patient expectations. Additionally, it is known that GPs to some extent believe in the necessity of antibiotic treatment in patie... | Background Over-prescribing in respiratory tract infections (RTI) has been the topic of numerous studies in general practice. Explanations for the overuse of antibiotics despite weak scientific evidence are multifaceted and vary from efforts to protect patients from "complicated" courses of disease to assumed patient e... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC550651.xml |
314472 | Role of Saccharomyces Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein RPA in the Strand Invasion Step of Double-Strand Break Repair | The single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein replication protein A (RPA) is essential for both DNA replication and recombination. Chromatin immunoprecipitation techniques were used to visualize the kinetics and extent of RPA binding following induction of a double-strand break (DSB) and during its repair by homologo... | Introduction Repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination involves the search for homology to locate an intact donor sequence. The search is successful when the broken DNA molecule basepairs with the homologous template, termed synapsis, and forms strand invasion intermediates of recombination. In ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC314472.xml |
516016 | The Hotdog fold: wrapping up a superfamily of thioesterases and dehydratases | Background The Hotdog fold was initially identified in the structure of Escherichia coli FabA and subsequently in 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase from Pseudomonas sp. strain CBS. Since that time structural determinations have shown a number of other apparently unrelated proteins also share the Hotdog fold. Results Us... | Background We have found the HotDog domain, as we suggest calling the Hotdog fold, to be widespread in eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea and to be involved in a range of cellular processes, from thioester hydrolysis, to phenylacetic acid degradation and transcriptional regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis. We present ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC516016.xml |
423132 | fMRI Beyond the Clinic: Will It Ever Be Ready for Prime Time? | Functional magnetic resonance imaging offers the promise of peeking into the human mind. What signals in the human brain can we really detect and how should the technology be used? | Functional magnetic resonance imaging—fMRI—opens a window onto the brain at work. By tracking changes in cerebral blood flow as a subject performs a mental task, fMRI shows which brain regions “light up” when making a movement, thinking of a loved one, or telling a lie. Its ability to reveal function, not merely struct... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423132.xml |
521080 | Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) inhibits lytic replication of gamma oncogenic herpesviruses in vitro | Background The major psychoactive cannabinoid compound of marijuana, delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), has been shown to modulate immune responses and lymphocyte function. After primary infection the viral DNA genome of gamma herpesviruses persists in lymphoid cell nuclei in a latent episomal circular form. In respon... | Background The Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) is the likely cause of Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS patients, aging individuals and organ transplant patients [for review, see [ 1 ]]. KSHV is also implicated in AIDS-associated primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and a subset of cases of the lymphoproliferati... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521080.xml |
546190 | Randomized clinical trial of surgery versus conservative therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome [ISRCTN84286481] | Background Conservative treatment remains the standard of care for treating mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome despite a small number of well-controlled studies and limited objective evidence to support current treatment options. There is an increasing interest in the usefulness of wrist magnetic resonance imaging... | Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome, with an annual incidence of 50–150 cases/100,000. It is an important cause of workplace morbidity [ 1 ] with approximately 30,000 cases of CTS resulting in days lost from work in 1996 (BLS US Department of Labor 1998; [ 2 ]... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546190.xml |
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