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### Question: Does routine intravenous glucagon administration facilitate colonoscopy? ### Context: Previous studies on the routine use of glucagon in colonoscopy have produced conflicting results.Two separate studies were performed. In one study (Study 1), 80 consecutive patients were randomized after cecal intubation... |
### Question: Does a dynamic extensor brace reduce electromyographic activity of wrist extensor muscles in patients with lateral epicondylalgia? ### Context: Semiexperimental study.To investigate the effect of an external wrist extension force on extensor muscle activity during hand gripping in patients with lateral ep... |
### Question: Does atrial natriuretic peptide increase urinary albumin excretion in people with normoalbuminuric type-2 diabetes? ### Context: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is elevated in patients with type-2 diabetes and microalbuminuria. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if ANP increases Urinary Albumin Eax... |
### Question: Is minimally invasive staging of endometrial cancer feasible and safe in elderly women? ### Context: To compare the surgical outcome of elderly and younger patients undergoing laparoscopic or robotic surgical staging of endometrial cancer.Retrospective analysis (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).Un... |
### Question: Does pDK1 play a critical role in regulating cardiac function in mice and human? ### Context: PDK1 is an essential protein kinase that plays a critical role in mammalian development. Mouse lacking PDK1 leads to multiple abnormalities and embryonic lethality at E9.5. To elucidate the role of PDK1 in the he... |
### Question: Is oct4A expressed by a subpopulation of prostate neuroendocrine cells? ### Context: Cancer stem cells are defined by their self-renewal and multi-potential capabilities and are hypothesized to be the source of primary and recurrent cancers. The stem cell properties of self-renewal and pluripotency in emb... |
### Question: Does thromboxane A synthase enhance blood flow recovery from hindlimb ischemia? ### Context: Thromboxane A synthase (TXAS) is the enzyme that converts the arachidonic acid derivative prostaglandin H2 to thromboxane A2 (TXA2). TXA2 induces platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, and proliferation. TXAS and... |
### Question: Is microvascular resistance influenced by epicardial coronary artery stenosis severity : experimental validation? ### Context: The effect of epicardial artery stenosis on myocardial microvascular resistance remains controversial. Recruitable collateral flow, which may affect resistance, was not incorporat... |
### Question: Does h5N1 influenza vaccine formulated with AS03 A induce strong cross-reactive and polyfunctional CD4 T-cell responses? ### Context: Adjuvantation of an H5N1 split-virion influenza vaccine with AS03(A) substantially reduces the antigen dose required to produce a putatively protective humoral response and... |
### Question: Does cPAP increase 6-minute walk distance after lung resection surgery? ### Context: The application of CPAP has been used to minimize postoperative pulmonary complications after lung resection surgery. The aim of this study was to quantify both the CPAP effects upon lung function and functional capacity ... |
### Question: Does red blood cell storage affect the stability of cytosolic native protein complexes? ### Context: Refrigerated storage of red blood cell (RBC) units promotes the progressive accumulation of the so-called storage lesions, a widespread series of alterations to morphology, metabolism, and proteome integri... |
### Question: Does the alpha subunit of Go modulate cell proliferation and differentiation through interactions with Necdin? ### Context: Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) play an important role in mediating signal transduction generated by neurotransmitters or hormones. Go, a member of the Gi/Go subfami... |
### Question: Are older participants frequently excluded from Parkinson 's disease research? ### Context: The exclusion of older participants from clinical research is common and limits the generalisation of research findings. We aimed to assess the current potential for older patients to participate in Parkinson's dis... |
### Question: Does ticagrelor attenuate Apoptosis of Lung and Myocardial Cells Induced by Abdominal Aorta Ischemia/Reperfusion? ### Context: This study aimed to analyze the effect of ticagrelor pretreatment on the prevention of lung and heart injury induced by abdominal aorta ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) and also to ... |
### Question: Does local inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase reduce vascular stenosis in a murine model of carotid injury? ### Context: Polyamines are organic polycations playing an essential role in cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as in cell contractility, migration and apoptosis. These processes are... |
### Question: Are angiopoietin-2 serum levels elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma? ### Context: Liver cirrhosis is characterized by remodeling leading to nodules that are difficult to discern from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) serum levels are used for the sc... |
### Question: Is visceral adipose tissue associated with microstructural brain tissue damage? ### Context: Obesity has been associated with microstructural brain tissue damage. Different fat compartments demonstrate different metabolic and endocrine behaviors. The aim was to investigate the individual associations betw... |
### Question: Does vitamin E supplementation reduce oxidative stress in beta thalassaemia intermedia? ### Context: The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of vitamin E treatment in oxidative stress of red and white cells of beta-thalassaemia intermedia patients.Nine patients undergoing occasional transfus... |
### Question: Is hepatitis C virus-associated hypobetalipoproteinemia correlated with plasma viral load , steatosis , and liver fibrosis? ### Context: A relationship between chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and lipid metabolism has recently been suggested. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation... |
### Question: Do we really know our patient population in database research? ### Context: While use of large national clinical databases for orthopaedic trauma research has increased dramatically, there has been little study of the differences in populations contained therein. In this study we aimed to compare populati... |
### Question: Does sustained virological response prevent the development of insulin resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis C? ### Context: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with insulin resistance (IR), which is a condition known to influence the progression of liver fibrosis and the response to p... |
### Question: Does temporal lobe activation demonstrate sex-based differences during passive listening? ### Context: To evaluate potential sex differences in temporal lobe activation during the performance of a functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging passive-listening paradigm.Twenty strongly right-handed volunteers... |
### Question: Is transforming growth factor-beta1 ( TGF-beta1 ) sufficient to induce fibrosis of rabbit corpus cavernosum in vivo? ### Context: The pleotropic cytokine TGF-beta1 which induces connective tissue synthesis, and inhibits the growth of smooth muscle cells, has been implicated in corpus cavernosum fibrosis. ... |
### Question: Does oral immunotherapy with immunodominant T-cell epitope peptides alleviate allergic reactions in a Balb/c mouse model of egg allergy? ### Context: Allergen-specific T-cell epitopes are obvious targets for immunotherapeutic interventions in allergic disease. T-cell epitope peptides given orally may pr... |
### Question: Is dementia a major risk factor for hip fractures in patients with chronic kidney disease? ### Context: Chronic kidney disease increases the risk of hip fractures which can be promoted by dementia. We here showed that dementia increased the risk of hip fractures in dialysis patients, but in a similar mann... |
### Question: Do general practitioners act consistently in real practice when they meet the same patient twice? ### Context: To assess the variation within individual general practitioners facing the same problem twice in actual practice under unbiased conditions.General practitioners were consulted during normal surge... |
### Question: Is percutaneous cholecystostomy appropriate as definitive treatment for acute cholecystitis in critically ill patients : a single center , cross-sectional study? ### Context: Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is an effective treatment for cholecystitis in high-risk surgical patients. However, there is no ... |
### Question: Does hypochlorous acid impair endothelium-derived nitric oxide bioactivity through a superoxide-dependent mechanism? ### Context: To determine how hypochlorous acid (HOCl), the principal product of myeloperoxidase, modulates vascular function.Rabbit arterial rings exposed to HOCl (0 to 500 micromol/L) exh... |
### Question: Does the DEAH-box splicing factor Prp16 unwind RNA duplexes in vitro? ### Context: During pre-mRNA splicing, dynamic rearrangement of RNA secondary structure within the spliceosome is crucial for intron recognition and formation of the catalytic core. Splicing factors belonging to the DExD/DExH-box family... |
### Question: Are [ Lack of air conditioning and mycotoxin poisoning basic co-factors in tropical spastic paraparesis ]? ### Context: Chronic idiopathic spastic paraparesis (CHISPA) have been associated to HTLV-I virus infection, and unknown environmental factors have been suggested to play a role in its pathogenesis.B... |
### Question: Is g/T substitution in intron 1 of the UNC13B gene associated with increased risk of nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes? ### Context: Genetic and environmental factors modulate the susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy, as initiating and/or progression factors. The objective of the European Rat... |
### Question: Are impairment of short-term memory and Korsakoff syndrome common in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus encephalitis? ### Context: The diagnosis of cytomegalovirus encephalitis (CMV-E) in AIDS patients is challenging as other illnesses may obscure the symptoms. Here, we characterize the clinical symptoms ... |
### Question: Does oxygenation in status asthmaticus improve during ventilation with helium-oxygen? ### Context: To determine the effect of breathing helium-oxygen (HELIOX) mixtures on pulmonary gas exchange during severe asthma.A retrospective case-match control design was used to compare the changes in alveolar to ar... |
### Question: Is h2O2 the transferrable factor mediating flow-induced dilation in human coronary arterioles? ### Context: Endothelial derived hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is a necessary component of the pathway regulating flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in human coronary arterioles (HCAs). However, H(2)O(2) has never been... |
### Question: Is a 24-h cyclic closed enteral feeding system microbiologically safe in geriatric patients? ### Context: The microbiological quality of a 1-l closed enteral feeding system (CS) was prospectively monitored under clinical conditions simulating cyclic feeding over a 24-h period in geriatric patients.The set... |
### Question: Is first-trimester maternal serum level of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A an independent predictor of fetal maxillary bone length? ### Context: To derive a nomogram of fetal maxillary bone length (MAX) for a Chinese population and to study whether first-trimester maternal serum levels of pregnancy-... |
### Question: Are clinical effects of early angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment for acute myocardial infarction similar in the presence and absence of aspirin : systematic overview of individual data from 96,712 randomized patients . Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborat... |
### Question: Is initiation of nutritional support delayed in critically ill obese patients : a multicenter cohort study? ### Context: A high catabolic rate characterizes the acute phase of critical illness. Guidelines recommend an early nutritional support, regardless of the previous nutritional status.We aimed to ass... |
### Question: Does minocycline attenuate mechanical allodynia and central sensitization following peripheral second-degree burn injury? ### Context: Burn injury induces severe pain that can be refractory to existing pharmacotherapies. The underlying mechanism of burn pain remains unclear. We previously established an a... |
### Question: Does pharmacological macrophage inhibition decrease metastasis formation in a genetic model of pancreatic cancer? ### Context: Tumour-associated macrophages play an important role in mediating tumour progression. In pancreatic cancer, infiltrating macrophages are known to mediate tumour progression and ha... |
### Question: Is a peripheral circulating TH1 cytokine profile inversely associated with prostate cancer risk in CLUE II? ### Context: TH1 cytokines, such as IFNγ and TNFα, and potentially innate cytokines, such as IL6, can potentiate the immune response to tumor. Cytokines, such as IL1β, IL8, and IL10, may suppress an... |
### Question: Is increased anion channel activity an unavoidable event in ozone-induced programmed cell death? ### Context: Ozone is a major secondary air pollutant often reaching high concentrations in urban areas under strong daylight, high temperature and stagnant high-pressure systems. Ozone in the troposphere is a... |
### Question: Are bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells from patients with end-stage renal disease suitable for autologous therapy? ### Context: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells that have immunosuppressive and reparative properties in vitro and in vivo. Although autologous bone marrow (BM)... |
### Question: Does routine diagnostic laparoscopy reduce the rate of unnecessary appendicectomies in young women? ### Context: The reported negative appendicectomy rate for young women remains high. This high rate of unnecessary appendicectomies has morbidity and high cost. Consensus European Association of Endoscopic ... |
### Question: Is neonatal toxic erythema a risk factor in the development of allergy in childhood? ### Context: In relatively few cases have perinatal factors been included as risk factors for allergy development. Delivery has not been considered as a possible influential factor in allergy development. To identify risk... |
### Question: Do proteomic profiling and post-translational modifications in human keratinocytes treated with Mucuna pruriens leaf extract? ### Context: Mucuna pruriens (Mp) is a plant belonging to the Fabaceae family, with several medicinal properties among which its potential to treat diseases where reactive oxygen s... |
### Question: Do cXCL12 and CCL20 play a significant role in mucosal T-lymphocyte adherence to intestinal microvessels in mice? ### Context: Although it is known that the chemokines CXCL12 and CCL20 are expressed in the intestine, their contribution to lymphocyte homing has not been investigated in detail. The authors ... |
### Question: Does chronic atrial fibrillation influence the magnitude of sympathetic overactivity in patients with heart failure? ### Context: In this study we sought to assess the influence of atrial fibrillation (AF) on sympathetic nervous system overactivity in congestive heart failure (CHF) patients.We studied 133... |
### Question: Is gluteus tendon rupture underrecognized by French orthopedic surgeons : results of a mail survey? ### Context: To obtain information on the diagnosis and surgical treatment of hip rotator cuff tears by French orthopedic surgeons.Survey conducted in 2003 by mailing questionnaires to 459 orthopedic surgeo... |
### Question: Is early switch to pentoxifylline in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis inefficient in non-responders to corticosteroids? ### Context: In severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH), 40% of patients will obtain no benefit from corticosteroids. Improvement in management of non-responders is warranted and only pe... |
### Question: Does the hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC-0449 show potential in skin and other cancers? ### Context: The hedgehog signalling pathway is vital in early development, but then becomes dormant, except in some cancer tumours. Hedgehog inhibitors are being developed for potential use in cancer.The objective of t... |
### Question: Is chronic kidney disease progression mainly associated with non-recovery of acute kidney injury? ### Context: Identifying individuals who are at increased risk for accelerated progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) and who might benefit from preventive interventions is an important challenge.The presen... |
### Question: Are measures of atherosclerotic burden associated with clinically manifest cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes : a European cross-sectional study? ### Context: There is a need to develop and validate surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in subjects with diabetes. The macrovascular chang... |
### Question: Does mycophenolic acid attenuate tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced endothelin-1 production in human aortic endothelial cells? ### Context: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is implicated in the p... |
### Question: Is subclinical adrenal failure in adrenoleukodystrophy/adrenomyeloneuropathy reversible? ### Context: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy/adrenomieloneuropathy (ALD/AMN) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder due to mutations in the ABCD1 gene encoding the ABC transporter ALDP. Mutations in ALDP impair per... |
### Question: Changes in massive transfusion over time: an early shift in the right direction? ### Context: Increasing evidence suggests that high fresh frozen plasma:packed red blood cell (FFP:PRBC) and platelet:PRBC (PLT:PRBC) transfusion ratios may prevent or reduce the morbidity associated with early coagulopathy w... |
### Question: Is the combination of cobinamide and sulfanegen highly effective in mouse models of cyanide poisoning? ### Context: Cyanide is a component of smoke in residential and industrial fires, and accidental exposure to cyanide occurs in a variety of industries. Moreover, cyanide has the potential to be used by t... |
### Question: Hibernoma: a clinical model for exploring the role of brown adipose tissue in the regulation of body weight? ### Context: Hibernoma is a rare benign tumor histologically similar to brown adipose tissue. Some studies reported weight loss in patients with this tumor; however, the mechanisms have never been ... |
### Question: Do [ The sequencing analyze of 915 newborn with GJB2 heterozygous mutation in Beijing ]? ### Context: To determine GJB2 allelic mutant and estimate probability of hereditary hearing loss in newborn with GJB2 heterozygous mutation in Beijing.We performed genetic testing for sequencing of GJB2 gene for sear... |
### Question: Do women have thinner cartilage and smaller joint surfaces than men after adjustment for body height and weight? ### Context: Females have a higher incidence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) than males, but the reason for this is unclear. Here we examine the hypothesis that women have smaller joint surfaces th... |
### Question: Is the activated stroma index a novel and independent prognostic marker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma? ### Context: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly desmoplastic tumor with an innate resistance to therapy. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) produce this excessively desmoplastic micr... |
### Question: Predicting the response to air travel in passengers with non-obstructive lung disease: are the current guidelines appropriate? ### Context: Air travel guidelines recommend using baseline arterial oxygen levels and the hypoxic challenge test (HCT) to predict in-flight hypoxaemia and the requirement for in-... |
### Question: Does posterior ventricular anchoring neochordal repair of degenerative mitral regurgitation efficiently remodel and repositions posterior leaflet prolapse? ### Context: Mitral valve repair techniques for degenerative disease typically entail leaflet resection or neochordal construction, which may require ... |
### Question: Does high-pressure laparoscopic entry adversely affect cardiopulmonary function in healthy women? ### Context: To determine hemodynamic and pulmonary compliance changes during laparoscopic entry using transient hyperinsufflated pneumoperitoneum.Prospective observational cohort study (Canadian Task Force c... |
### Question: Is successful mitigation of delayed intestinal radiation injury using pravastatin associated with acute injury improvement or tumor protection? ### Context: To investigate whether pravastatin mitigates delayed radiation-induced enteropathy in rats, by focusing on the effects of pravastatin on acute cell d... |
### Question: Are minor physical anomalies increased in the offspring of mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus? ### Context: To determine the incidence and type of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) in infants born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Each trimester, pregnant women with SLE were assessed... |
### Question: Are painful episodes in children with sickle cell disease and asthma temporally associated with respiratory symptoms? ### Context: Little is known about the temporal relationship between an asthma exacerbation and a painful episode in a child with sickle cell disease (SCD). We tested the hypothesis that r... |
### Question: Does intracanal delivery of Resolvin E1 control inflammation in necrotic immature rat teeth? ### Context: Pulp necrosis in immature teeth and the resulting periodontal apical inflammation negatively affect root formation. Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is a lipid-derived endogenous pro-resolution molecule that contro... |
### Question: Does lipopolysaccharide-binding protein inhibit toll-like receptor 2 activation by lipoteichoic acid in human odontoblast-like cells? ### Context: Previous studies have suggested that odontoblasts sense gram-positive bacteria components through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and trigger dental pulp immunity ... |
### Question: Does interleukin-6-driven progranulin expression increase cholangiocarcinoma growth by an Akt-dependent mechanism? ### Context: Cholangiocarcinoma is a devastating cancer of biliary origin with limited treatment options. The growth factor, progranulin, is overexpressed in a number of tumours. The study ai... |
### Question: Is prenatal phthalate exposure associated with childhood behavior and executive functioning? ### Context: Experimental and observational studies have reported biological consequences of phthalate exposure relevant to neurodevelopment.Our goal was to examine the association of prenatal phthalate exposure w... |
### Question: Does the addition of lidocaine to bupivacaine shorten the duration of spinal anesthesia : a randomized , double-blinded study of patients undergoing knee arthroscopy? ### Context: The duration of spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine is often too long for day surgery. A recent study of patients presenting fo... |
### Question: Do ( Iso ) Prostaglandins in saliva indicate oxidation injury after radioiodine therapy? ### Context: As salivary glands concentrate radioiodine the radiation injury associated with 131I-therapy may result in sialoadenitis and xerostoma leading to a lasting impaired quality of life. Recently we reported a... |
### Question: Does a haplotype map of allohexaploid wheat reveal distinct patterns of selection on homoeologous genomes? ### Context: Bread wheat is an allopolyploid species with a large, highly repetitive genome. To investigate the impact of selection on variants distributed among homoeologous wheat genomes and to bui... |
### Question: Does myocardial Infarction alter Adaptation of the Tethered Mitral Valve? ### Context: In patients with myocardial infarction (MI), leaflet tethering by displaced papillary muscles induces mitral regurgitation (MR), which doubles mortality. Mitral valves (MVs) are larger in such patients but fibrosis sets... |
### Question: Does morphological and Transcriptomic Analysis of a Beetle Chemosensory System reveal a Gnathal Olfactory Center? ### Context: The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is an emerging insect model organism representing the largest insect order, Coleoptera, which encompasses several serious agricultural and... |
### Question: Do disabling disease codes predict worse outcomes for acute medical admissions? ### Context: Concurrent with an extension in longevity, a prodrome of ill-health ('disability' identifiable by certain International Classification of Disease (ICD) 9/ICD10 codes) predates the acute emergency presentation. To ... |
### Question: Does the presence of a below-ground neighbour alter within-plant seed size distribution in Phaseolus vulgaris? ### Context: Considerable variation in seed size commonly exists within plants, and is believed to be favoured under natural selection. This study aims to examine the extent to which seed size di... |
### Question: Is the mealtime experience in nursing homes understood? ### Context: A qualitative phenomenological approach was followed. An initial purposeful sampling of Spanish residents in for-profit nursing homes in the southern area of Madrid was carried out. A theoretical sampling was also implemented in order to... |
### Question: Do changes in plasma fibronectin isoform levels predict distinct clinical outcomes in critically ill patients? ### Context: Concentrations of the total pool of fibronectin in plasma (TFN), and the subset of this pool that contains the alternatively spliced EDA segment (A(+)FN), are both affected by diseas... |
### Question: Does validation set correlate of anogenital injury after sexual assault? ### Context: Forensic investigators remain unsure exactly why some sexual assault victims display acute injury while others do not. This investigation explores potential reasons for these differential findings among female victims.Th... |
### Question: Do patients and general practitioners have different approaches to e-mail consultations? ### Context: The few extant Danish studies on e-mail consultations were undertaken before it became manda-tory under Danish law to offer patients this form of consultation. This study investigates the ways in which pa... |
### Question: Is paint-only equivalent to scrub-and-paint in preoperative preparation of abdominal surgery sites? ### Context: Antiseptic preoperative skin site preparation is used to prepare the operative site before making a surgical incision. The goal of this preparation is a reduction in postoperative wound infecti... |
### Question: Is birth cohort 1985/9-1990/8 a susceptibility window for congenital rubella syndrome in Taiwan? ### Context: The worldwide prevalence of congenital rubella syndrome has drastically decreased after the uptake of vaccine to prevent the infection. However, outbreaks have occurred in some countries due to th... |
### Question: Is occult hypoperfusion associated with increased mortality in hemodynamically stable , high-risk , surgical patients? ### Context: Our aim was to examine whether serial blood lactate levels could be used as predictors of outcome.We prospectively studied 44 high-risk, hemodynamically stable, surgical pati... |
### Question: Does hemin protect against hippocampal damage following orthotopic autologous liver transplantation in adult rats? ### Context: Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been widely accepted to be neuro-protective. This study aimed to examine whether hemin (a HO-1 inducer) attenuates neuronal damage in the... |
### Question: Does effectiveness and prognostic factors of radiotherapy for painful plantar heel spur? ### Context: The efficacy of radiation treatment (RT) for plantar heel pain has been reported repeatedly. Yet, the results referring to the pain relief rate, to long-term effects and prognostic factors are not consist... |
### Question: Do high doses of taurolidine inhibit advanced intraperitoneal tumor growth in rats? ### Context: The antitumor agent taurolidine (TRD) affects tumor growth in animals. Thus far, no animal studies have been published concerning the systemic or local toxicity and the effectiveness of long-term intraperitone... |
### Question: Does echocardiography predict major adverse cardiovascular events after renal transplantation? ### Context: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after renal transplantation. We analysed whether pre-transplant transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) predicted major adverse cardi... |
### Question: Do children with attention deficits concentrate better after walk in the park? ### Context: In the general population, attention is reliably enhanced after exposure to certain physical environments, particularly natural environments. This study examined the impacts of environments on attention in children... |
### Question: Results of a Japanese nationwide multi-institutional study on lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis in low rectal cancer: is it regional or distant disease? ### Context: To evaluate whether lateral pelvic lymph nodes (LNs) in low rectal cancer are metastatic disease or part of regional LNs that are amenabl... |
### Question: Are transforming growth factors beta1 , beta2 and beta3 and their receptors differentially expressed in human peritoneal fibroblasts in response to hypoxia? ### Context: Little is known about the role of peritoneal fibroblasts in adhesion formation. This study determines the effect of hypoxia and transfor... |
### Question: Are prescription Omega-3 Fatty Acid Products and Dietary Supplements Interchangeable? ### Context: To provide an overview of prescription and dietary supplement omega-3 fatty acid (OM3-FA) products and considerations for clinical use.Narrative review.The PubMed database was searched for cardiovascular-rel... |
### Question: Is deregulated cyclin D1 expression associated with decreased efficacy of the selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines? ### Context: Despite promising initial results, recent Phase III trials of the selective epiderm... |
### Question: Do 25 hydroxyvitamin D serum levels influence adequate response to bisphosphonate treatment in postmenopausal osteoporosis? ### Context: It remains unclear whether vitamin D sufficiency optimizes response to bisphosphonate (BP) treatment in postmenopausal osteoporosis. We evaluated the role and possible m... |
### Question: Does surgical manipulation of the intestine result in quantitative and qualitative alterations in luminal Escherichia coli? ### Context: To look at the qualitative and quantitative changes in the luminal bacterial flora in response to surgical manipulation of the small intestine.The barrier function of th... |
### Question: Do feeding blueberry diets in early life prevent senescence of osteoblasts and bone loss in ovariectomized adult female rats? ### Context: Appropriate nutrition during early development is essential for maximal bone mass accretion; however, linkage between early nutrition, childhood bone mass, peak bone m... |
### Question: Does n-acetyl-cysteine protect liver from apoptotic death in an animal model of fulminant hepatic failure? ### Context: This work was undertaken to investigate whether treatment with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) prevents oxidative stress and inhibits the apoptotic pathways in an animal model of fulminant hepat... |
### Question: Does daily peritoneal ultrafiltration predict patient and technique survival in anuric peritoneal dialysis patients? ### Context: Maintenance dialysis therapy is the only way to remove excess fluid in patients with anuric end-stage renal disease. The optimal ultrafiltration (UF) volume in patients on peri... |
### Question: Is p53 oncoprotein expression in parotid gland carcinoma associated with clinical outcome? ### Context: Recent studies of the molecular biology of cancer have demonstrated that p53 tumor suppressor gene aberration is associated with the development and progression of several different cancer types.To anal... |
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