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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
some aspect of ethics, that means
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
it could be a learnable problem.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Yeah, exactly.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
And as we're getting into harder and harder questions,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
let's go to the hard problem of consciousness.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Is this an important problem for us
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
to think about and solve on the engineering of intelligence
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
side of your work, of our dream?
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
It's unclear.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
So again, this is a deep problem,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
partly because it's very difficult to define
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
consciousness.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
And there is a debate among neuroscientists
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
about whether consciousness and philosophers, of course,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
whether consciousness is something that requires
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
flesh and blood, so to speak.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Or could be that we could have silicon devices that
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
are conscious, or up to statement
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
like everything has some degree of consciousness
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
and some more than others.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
This is like Giulio Tonioni and phi.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
We just recently talked to Christoph Koch.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
OK.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Christoph was my first graduate student.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Do you think it's important to illuminate
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
aspects of consciousness in order
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
to engineer intelligence systems?
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Do you think an intelligent system would ultimately
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
have consciousness?
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Are they interlinked?
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Most of the people working in artificial intelligence,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
I think, would answer, we don't strictly
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
need consciousness to have an intelligent system.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
That's sort of the easier question,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
because it's a very engineering answer to the question.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Pass the Turing test, we don't need consciousness.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
But if you were to go, do you think
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
it's possible that we need to have
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
that kind of self awareness?
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
We may, yes.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
So for instance, I personally think
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
that when test a machine or a person in a Turing test,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
in an extended Turing test, I think
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
consciousness is part of what we require in that test,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
implicitly, to say that this is intelligent.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Christoph disagrees.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Yes, he does.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Despite many other romantic notions he holds,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
he disagrees with that one.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Yes, that's right.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
So we'll see.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Do you think, as a quick question,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Ernest Becker's fear of death, do you
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
think mortality and those kinds of things
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
are important for consciousness and for intelligence?
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
The finiteness of life, finiteness of existence,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
or is that just a side effect of evolution,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
evolutionary side effect that's useful for natural selection?
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Do you think this kind of thing that this interview is
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
going to run out of time soon, our life
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
will run out of time soon, do you
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
think that's needed to make this conversation good and life
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
good?
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
I never thought about it.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
It's a very interesting question.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
I think Steve Jobs, in his commencement speech
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
at Stanford, argued that having a finite life
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
was important for stimulating achievements.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
So it was different.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Yeah, live every day like it's your last, right?
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Yeah.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
So rationally, I don't think strictly you need mortality
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
for consciousness.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
But who knows?
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
They seem to go together in our biological system, right?
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Yeah, yeah.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
You've mentioned before, and students are associated with,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
AlphaGo immobilized the big recent success stories in AI.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
And I think it's captivated the entire world of what AI can do.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
So what do you think will be the next breakthrough?
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
And what's your intuition about the next breakthrough?
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Of course, I don't know where the next breakthrough is.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
I think that there is a good chance, as I said before,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
that the next breakthrough will also
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
be inspired by neuroscience.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
But which one, I don't know.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
And there's, so MIT has this quest for intelligence.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
And there's a few moon shots, which in that spirit,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
which ones are you excited about?
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Which projects kind of?
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Well, of course, I'm excited about one
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
of the moon shots, which is our Center for Brains, Minds,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
and Machines, which is the one which is fully funded by NSF.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
And it is about visual intelligence.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
And that one is particularly about understanding.
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
Visual intelligence, so the visual cortex,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
and visual intelligence in the sense
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
of how we look around ourselves and understand
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
the world around ourselves, meaning what is going on,
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Tomaso Poggio: Brains, Minds, and Machines | Lex Fridman Podcast #13
how we could go from here to there without hitting
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