episode stringlengths 45 100 | text stringlengths 1 528 | timestamp_link stringlengths 56 56 |
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Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | number, I, well, at my age I have to write it down, but I could imagine, I could remember | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:39:34.040 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | those seven numbers, or ten digits, and reproduce them in a while, if I sort of repeat them | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:39:39.560 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | to myself a few times, so that's a fairly conscious form of memorization. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:39:46.240 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | On the other hand, how do I recognize your face, I have no idea. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:39:53.320 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | My brain has a whole bunch of specialized hardware that knows how to recognize faces, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:39:57.800 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | I don't know how much of that is sort of coded in our DNA, and how much of that is | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:40:04.080 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | trained over and over between the ages of zero and three, but somehow our brains know | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:40:10.200 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | how to do lots of things like that, that are useful in our interactions with other humans, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:40:17.960 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | without really being conscious of how it's done anymore. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:40:26.000 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Right, so our actual day to day lives, we're operating at the very highest level of abstraction, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:40:29.880 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | we're just not even conscious of all the little details underlying it. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:40:36.200 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | There's compilers on top of, it's like turtles on top of turtles, or turtles all the way | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:40:39.760 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | down, there's compilers all the way down, but that's essentially, you say that there's | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:40:43.360 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | no magic, that's what I, what I was trying to get at, I think, is with Descartes started | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:40:48.200 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | this whole train of saying that there's no magic, I mean, there's all this beforehand. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:40:54.920 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Well didn't Descartes also have the notion though that the soul and the body were fundamentally | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:40:59.600 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | separate? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:41:06.120 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Separate, yeah, I think he had to write in God in there for political reasons, so I don't | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:41:07.120 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | know actually, I'm not a historian, but there's notions in there that all of reasoning, all | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:41:11.800 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | of human thought can be formalized. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:41:17.880 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | I think that continued in the 20th century with Russell and with Gadot's incompleteness | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:41:20.120 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | theorem, this debate of what are the limits of the things that could be formalized, that's | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:41:28.480 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | where the Turing machine came along, and this exciting idea, I mean, underlying a lot of | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:41:33.120 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | computing that you can do quite a lot with a computer. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:41:37.960 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | You can encode a lot of the stuff we're talking about in terms of recognizing faces and so | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:41:43.160 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | on, theoretically, in an algorithm that can then run on a computer. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:41:47.640 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | And in that context, I'd like to ask programming in a philosophical way, what does it mean | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:41:53.960 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | to program a computer? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:42:05.040 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | So you said you write a Python program or compiled a C++ program that compiles to some | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:42:06.480 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | byte code, it's forming layers, you're programming a layer of abstraction that's higher, how | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:42:13.360 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | do you see programming in that context? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:42:21.200 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Can it keep getting higher and higher levels of abstraction? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:42:24.920 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | I think at some point the higher levels of abstraction will not be called programming | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:42:29.800 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | and they will not resemble what we call programming at the moment. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:42:35.960 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | There will not be source code, I mean, there will still be source code sort of at a lower | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:42:44.720 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | level of the machine, just like there are still molecules and electrons and sort of | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:42:52.080 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | proteins in our brains, but, and so there's still programming and system administration | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:42:59.320 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | and who knows what, to keep the machine running, but what the machine does is a different level | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:43:09.120 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | of abstraction in a sense, and as far as I understand the way that for the last decade | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:43:15.960 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | or more people have made progress with things like facial recognition or the self driving | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:43:23.060 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | cars is all by endless, endless amounts of training data where at least as a lay person, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:43:28.440 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | and I feel myself totally as a lay person in that field, it looks like the researchers | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:43:38.200 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | who publish the results don't necessarily know exactly how their algorithms work, and | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:43:47.420 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | I often get upset when I sort of read a sort of a fluff piece about Facebook in the newspaper | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:43:57.400 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | or social networks and they say, well, algorithms, and that's like a totally different interpretation | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:44:04.840 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | of the word algorithm, because for me, the way I was trained or what I learned when I | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:44:12.680 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | was eight or ten years old, an algorithm is a set of rules that you completely understand | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:44:19.240 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | that can be mathematically analyzed and you can prove things. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:44:25.920 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | You can like prove that Aristotelian sieve produces all prime numbers and only prime | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:44:30.720 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | numbers. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:44:37.840 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Yeah. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:44:38.840 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | So I don't know if you know who Andrej Karpathy is, I'm afraid not. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:44:39.840 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | So he's a head of AI at Tesla now, but he was at Stanford before and he has this cheeky | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:44:44.360 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | way of calling this concept software 2.0. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:44:51.980 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | So let me disentangle that for a second. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:44:56.480 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | So kind of what you're referring to is the traditional, the algorithm, the concept of | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:00.120 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | an algorithm, something that's there, it's clear, you can read it, you understand it, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:06.080 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | you can prove it's functioning as kind of software 1.0. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:09.560 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | And what software 2.0 is, is exactly what you described, which is you have neural networks, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:14.800 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | which is a type of machine learning that you feed a bunch of data and that neural network | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:21.920 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | learns to do a function. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:26.600 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | All you specify is the inputs and the outputs you want and you can't look inside. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:30.200 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | You can't analyze it. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:35.220 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | All you can do is train this function to map the inputs to the outputs by giving a lot | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:37.040 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | of data. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:41.920 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | And that's as programming becomes getting a lot of data. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:42.920 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | That's what programming is. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:47.040 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Well, that would be programming 2.0. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:48.920 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | To programming 2.0. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:52.120 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | I wouldn't call that programming. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:53.800 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | It's just a different activity. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:55.600 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Just like building organs out of cells is not called chemistry. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:45:57.480 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Well, so let's just step back and think sort of more generally, of course. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:46:02.640 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | But you know, it's like as a parent teaching your kids, things can be called programming. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:46:09.680 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | In that same sense, that's how programming is being used. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:46:18.080 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | You're providing them data, examples, use cases. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:46:22.720 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | So imagine writing a function not by, not with for loops and clearly readable text, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:46:27.080 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | but more saying, well, here's a lot of examples of what this function should take. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:46:36.680 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | And here's a lot of examples of when it takes those functions, it should do this. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:46:42.760 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | And then figure out the rest. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:46:47.860 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | So that's the 2.0 concept. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:46:50.280 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | And so the question I have for you is like, it's a very fuzzy way. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:46:52.640 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | This is the reality of a lot of these pattern recognition systems and so on. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:46:58.560 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | It's a fuzzy way of quote unquote programming. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:47:01.680 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | What do you think about this kind of world? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:47:05.400 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Should it be called something totally different than programming? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:47:09.160 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | If you're a software engineer, does that mean you're designing systems that are very, can | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:47:13.640 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | be systematically tested, evaluated, they have a very specific specification and then this | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:47:21.000 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | other fuzzy software 2.0 world, machine learning world, that's something else totally? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:47:28.140 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Or is there some intermixing that's possible? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:47:33.520 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | Well the question is probably only being asked because we don't quite know what that software | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:47:41.000 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | 2.0 actually is. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:47:48.600 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | And I think there is a truism that every task that AI has tackled in the past, at some point | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:47:51.400 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | we realized how it was done and then it was no longer considered part of artificial intelligence | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:48:02.960 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | because it was no longer necessary to use that term. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:48:09.160 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | It was just, oh now we know how to do this. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:48:15.200 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | And a new field of science or engineering has been developed and I don't know if sort | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:48:21.600 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | of every form of learning or sort of controlling computer systems should always be called programming. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:48:30.320 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | So I don't know, maybe I'm focused too much on the terminology. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:48:39.000 |
Guido van Rossum: Python | Lex Fridman Podcast #6 | But I expect that there just will be different concepts where people with sort of different | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0006-large.html#00:48:43.720 |
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