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Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | you know, new transcriptional circuits to get them to do new things. Of course we'll throw some of | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:21:13.840 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | that in, but we specifically stayed away from all of that because in the first few papers, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:21:17.200 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | and there's some more coming down the pike that are, I think going to be pretty, pretty dynamite, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:21:21.680 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | um, that, uh, we want to show what the native cells are made of. Because what happens is, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:21:25.600 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | you know, if you engineer the heck out of them, right, if we were to put in new, you know, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:21:30.720 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | new transcription factors and some new metabolic machinery and whatever, people will say, well, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:21:33.920 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | okay, you engineered this and you made it do whatever. And fine. I wanted to show, uh, and, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:21:38.000 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | and, and the whole team, uh, wanted to show the plasticity and the intelligence in the biology. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:21:44.000 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | What does it do that's surprising before you even start manipulating the hardware in that way? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:21:50.240 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | Yeah. Don't try to, uh, over control the thing. Let it flourish. The, the full beauty of the | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:21:55.280 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | biological system. Why Xenopus Levus? How do you pronounce it? The frog. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:22:02.560 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | Xenopus Levus. Yeah. Yeah. It's a very popular. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:22:07.600 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | Why this frog? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:22:09.360 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | It's been used since, uh, I think the fifties. Uh, it's just very convenient because you can, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:22:10.240 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | you know, we, we keep the adults in this, in this, uh, very fine frog habitat. They lay eggs. They | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:22:15.360 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | lay tens of thousands of eggs at a time. Um, the eggs develop right in front of your eyes. It's the | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:22:19.280 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | most mad magical thing you can, you can see because normally, you know, if you were to deal | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:22:24.880 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | with mice or rabbits or whatever, you don't see the early stages, right? Cause everything's inside | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:22:29.440 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | the mother. Everything's in a Petri dish at room temperature. So you just, you, you have an egg, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:22:32.960 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | it's fertilized and you can just watch it divide and divide and divide. And on all the organs | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:22:36.640 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | form, you can just see it. And at that point, um, the community has, has developed lots of | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:22:40.400 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | different tools for understanding what's going on and also for, for manipulating, right? So it's, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:22:44.960 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | it's people use it for, um, you know, for understanding birth defects and neurobiology | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:22:50.000 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | and cancer immunology. So you get the whole, uh, embryogenesis in the Petri dish. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:22:54.160 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | That's so cool to watch. Is there videos of this? Oh yeah. Yeah. Yeah. There's, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:23:00.160 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | but yeah, there's, there's amazing videos on, on, online. I mean, mammalian embryos are super cool | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:23:03.520 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | too. For example, monozygotic twins are what happens when you cut a mammalian embryo in half. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:23:08.160 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | You don't get two half bodies. You get two perfectly normal bodies because it's a | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:23:12.560 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | regeneration event, right? Development is just the, it's just the kind of regeneration really. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:23:15.760 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | And why this particular frog? It's just, uh, cause they were doing in the fifties and. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:23:19.920 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | It breeds well in, um, you know, in, in, it's easy to raise in, in the laboratory and, uh, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:23:25.760 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | it's very prolific and all the tools basically for decades, people have been developing tools. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:23:32.000 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | There's other, some people use other frogs, but I have to say this is, this is, this is important. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:23:36.480 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | Xenobots are fundamentally not anything about frogs. So, um, I can't say too much about this | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:23:40.800 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | cause it's not published and peer reviewed yet, but we've made Xenobots out of other things that | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:23:46.080 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | have nothing to do with frogs. It's, this is not a frog phenomenon. This is, we, we started with | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:23:50.400 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | frog because it's so convenient, but this, this, this plasticity is not a fraud. You know, it's | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:23:54.640 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | not related to the fact that they're frogs. What happens when you kiss it? Does it turn | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:23:59.040 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | into a prince? No. Or a princess? Which way? Uh, prince. Yeah. Prince should be a prince. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:24:02.880 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | Yeah. Uh, that's an experiment that I don't believe we've done. And if we have, I don't | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:24:07.120 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | want to collaborate, I can, I can take on the lead, uh, on that effort. Okay, cool. Uh, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:24:10.720 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | how does the cells coordinate? Let's focus in on just the embryogenesis. So there's one cell, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:24:17.680 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | so it divides, doesn't have to be very careful about what each cell starts doing once they divide. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:24:24.320 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | Yes. And like, when there's three of them, it's like the cofounders or whatever, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:24:32.240 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | like, well, like slow down, you're responsible for this. When do they become specialized and | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:24:37.840 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | how do they coordinate that specialization? So, so this is the basic science of developmental | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:24:44.320 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | biology. There's a lot known about all of that, but, um, but I'll tell you what I think is kind | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:24:49.440 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | of the most important part, which is, yes, it's very important who does what. However, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:24:55.120 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | because going back to this issue of why I made this claim that, um, biology doesn't take the past | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:25:01.200 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | too seriously. And what I mean by that is it doesn't assume that everything is the way it's, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:25:07.440 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | it's expected to be. Right. And here's an example of that. Um, this was, this was done, this was, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:25:12.560 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | this was an old experiment going back to the forties, but, um, basically imagine imagine | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:25:17.200 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | it's a new salamander and it's got these little tube tubules that go to the kidneys, right? It's | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:25:21.280 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | a little tube. Take a cross section of that tube. You see eight to 10 cells that have | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:25:25.760 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | cooperated to make this little tube in cross section, right? So one amazing, one amazing | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:25:30.080 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | thing you can do is, um, you can, you can mess with a very early cell division to make the cells | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:25:34.880 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | gigantic, bigger. You can, you can make them different sizes. You can force them to be different | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:25:41.200 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | sizes. So if you make the cells different sizes, the whole nude is still the same size. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:25:44.560 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | So if you take a cross section through the, through that tubule, instead of eight to 10 | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:25:50.160 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | cells, you might have four or five or you might have, you know, three until you make the cells so | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:25:53.840 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | enormous that one single cell wraps around itself and, and gives you that same large scale structure | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:25:59.200 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | with a completely different molecular mechanism. So now instead of cell to cell communication to | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:26:06.480 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | make a tubule, instead of that, it's one cell using the cytoskeleton to bend itself around. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:26:11.120 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | So think about what that means in the service of a large scale, talk about top down control, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:26:15.840 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | right? In the service of a large scale anatomical feature, different molecular mechanisms get | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:26:20.400 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | called up. So now think about this, you're, you're, you're a nude cell and trying to make an embryo. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:26:24.960 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | If you had a fixed idea of who was supposed to do what, you'd be screwed because now your cells | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:26:30.320 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | are gigantic. Nothing would work. The, there's an incredible tolerance for changes in the size of | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:26:34.480 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | the parts and the amount of DNA in those parts. Um, all sorts of stuff you can, you can, the life | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:26:40.240 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | is highly interoperable. You can put electrodes in there and you can put weird nanomaterials. It | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:26:45.280 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | still works. It's, it's, uh, this is that problem solving action, right? It's able to do what it | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:26:49.200 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | needs to do, even when circumstances change. That is, you know, the hallmark of intelligence, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:26:54.400 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | right? William James defined intelligence as the ability to get to the same goal by different | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:27:00.160 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | means. That's this, you get to the same goal by completely different means. And so, so, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:27:04.080 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | so why am I bringing this up is just to say that, yeah, it's important for the cells to do the right | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:27:08.960 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | stuff, but they have incredible tolerances for things not being what you expect and to still | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:27:12.640 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | get their job done. So if you're, you know, um, all of these things are not hardwired. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:27:17.520 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | There are organisms that might be hardwired. For example, the nematode C elegans in that organism, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:27:23.840 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | every cell is numbered, meaning that every C elegans has exactly the same number of cells | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:27:28.880 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | as every other C elegans. They're all in the same place. They all divide. There's literally a map | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:27:32.800 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | of how it works that in that, in that sort of system, it's, it's, it's much more cookie cutter, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:27:36.000 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | but, but most, most organisms are incredibly plastic in that way. Is there something particularly | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:27:40.880 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | magical to you about the whole developmental biology process? Um, is there something you | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:27:47.840 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | could say, cause you just said it, they're very good at accomplishing the goal of the job they | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:27:53.680 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | need to do the competency thing, but you get fricking organism from one cell. It's like, uh, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:27:58.080 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | I mean, it's very hard, hard to intuit that whole process to even think about reverse engineering | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:28:06.640 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | that process. Right. Very hard to the point where I often just imagine, I, I sometimes ask my | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:28:14.000 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | students to do this thought experiment. Imagine you were, you were shrunk down to the, to the scale | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:28:19.760 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | of a single cell and you were in the middle of an embryo and you were looking around at what's going | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:28:23.680 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | on and the cells running around, some cells are dying at the, you know, every time you look, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:28:27.120 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | it's kind of a different number of cells for most organisms. And so I think that if you didn't know | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:28:30.400 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | what embryonic development was, you would have no clue that what you're seeing is always going to | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:28:35.520 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | make the same thing. Nevermind knowing what that, what that is. Nevermind being able to say, even | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:28:40.080 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | with full genomic information, being able to say, what the hell are they building? We have no way | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:28:44.560 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | to do that. But, but just even to guess that, wow, the, the, the outcome of all this activity is it's | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:28:48.080 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | always going to be, it's always going to build the same thing. The imperative to create the final you | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:28:54.720 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | as you are now is there already. So you can, you would, so you start from the same embryo, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:29:00.080 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | you create a very similar organism. Yeah. Except for cases like the Xenobots, when you give them | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:29:06.240 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | a different environment, they come up with a different way to be adaptive in that environment. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:29:14.480 |
Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325 | But overall, I mean, so, so I think, so I think to, you know, kind of summarize it, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0325-large.html#01:29:18.240 |
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