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059c0c45-e8c6-48ac-8533-eb6cd3635a6c | Contraindication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy | Coagulopathy | Obstructive pulmonary disease | Endstage liver disease | All of the above | 3d | multi | Contraindication to Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Absolute Unable to tolerate anaesthesia Refractory Coagulopathy Suspicion of carcinoma Relative Previous upper abdominal surgery Cholangitis Diffuse peritonitis Cirrhosis or poal hypeension Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cholecystenteric fistula Morbid Obesity Pre... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
9dc775d5-e62e-4bed-b0a6-b617f20e246e | All are new markers for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) except: | Plasma IL 18 | Urinary IL 18 | Plasma NGAL | Urinary NGAL | 0a | multi | Marker of AKI: Urinary 1) KIM- 1 - Kidney injury molecule-1 Plasma & Urinary 2) NGAL - Neutrophil gratinate associated lipocalin Urinary 3) IL - 18 | Tissue protected effected in proximal tubule | Medicine | JIPMER 2018 |
f088fdf7-bcd4-47b7-ac06-81eb459f492f | A patient with conjunctival infection, which led to corneal perforation, was positive for Gram-negative coccoid appearance on Gram stain. Fuher investigation showed small translucent colonies, which is oxidase positive. What could be the most probable causative organism? | Moraxella catarrhalis | Neisseria gonorrhoea | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Acinetobacter actinatus | 1b | multi | Ans. b. Neisseria gonorrhea Gram negative coccoi with small translucent colonies, which is oxidase positive is Neisseria gonorrhea. Hyperacute Conjunctivitis of Adults or Gonococcal Conjunctivitis Disease affects adults, predominantly males Infection directly spreads from genitals to eye Markedly decreased incidence of... | Ophthalmology | null |
0fb0cf7d-1ec8-48c1-a50a-6c072ada4ac7 | A clean incised wound heals by: | Primary intention | Secondary intention | Excessive scarring | None of the above | 0a | multi | A i.e. Primary intention | Forensic Medicine | null |
a299ec1b-a042-40ab-802d-188a3af7c282 | Azygos lobe is found | Hea | Spleen | Lung | Pancreas | 2c | single | Azygous lobe is seen in lungs . Ref - BDC 6thedi vol 1 pg236 | Anatomy | Thorax |
d4a6194c-9750-4f44-bba2-1eb27deb7070 | Which is not a feature of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria - | Increased LAP score | Thrombosis | Thrombocytopenia | Hemolysis | 0a | single | Clinical features of PNH
A. Intravascular hemolysis
The main feature of PNI-I is increased intravascular hemolysis that results in
Hemoglobinemia
Hemoglobinuria
Hemosiderinuria
Increased urine urobilinogen
Decreased serum haptoglobin
Increased serum LDH
Increased se... | Pathology | null |
d50fa881-f124-4854-8621-8f5eaf968046 | Necrotic nodules in lung are seen in - | TB | Sarcoidosis | RA | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above o All dieseases given in options can cause pulmonary nodules with necrosis.o Pulmonary nodules with necrosis can be caused by1. Infective causes - TB, Histoplasma, syphilis, coceidiomycosis, Cat's scratch disease.2. Non-infective causes - Wegner's granulomatosis, RA, necrotizing sarco... | Radiology | Tumors of thorax |
bda5a250-7d66-4377-9fd1-952db0a9f251 | A group of expes discussing a topic in front of the audience without any specific order. This mode of communication is known as: September 2008 | Panel discussion | Group discussion | Team presentation | Symposium | 0a | single | Ans. A: Panel discussion In panel discussion there is a chairman/moderator and 4-8 speakers. Each speaker prepares separately, the other speakers hear one another for the time at the session itself. Panel discussions, however, differ from team presentations. Their purpose is different. In a team presentation, the group... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
82cb9f1e-8ca8-4609-8c02-208fba5e70a4 | A 22 year old female presents with diy way papules in the seborrheic areas especially in the summer. Her father also gives a h/o similar lesions. What is the most probable diagnosis? | Pemphigus foliaceus | Keratosis pilaris | Darier's disease | Seborrheic dermatitis | 2c | multi | It is also known as Keratosis follicularis with autosomal dominant inheritance. | Skin | null |
63fb0c8f-255e-4191-9b1f-53003915debc | Which of the following drug is a Potassium channel activator? | Trimetazidine | Ivabradine | Nicorandil | Detanonoate | 2c | single | Ans. C. Nicorandil1. It has vasodilating properties in normal coronary arteries.2. It reduces both preload and afterload.3. It also provides some myocardial protection via preconditioning by activation of cardiac KATP channels.4. Its significant reduction in relative risk of fatal and nonfatal coronary events in patien... | Medicine | C.V.S. |
ccaf0db5-f94b-484c-a030-dcba9337654b | Test for tight iliotibial band is | Ober's test | Osber's test | Simmond's test | Charnley's test | 0a | single | OBER&;S TEST:Used in physical examination to identify tightness of iliotibial band. During the test ,the patient lies on his side with the unaffected leg on the bottom with their shoulder and pelvis in line. The knee may extended or flexed to 90 or 30 degrees.The hip is maintained in slight extension.The test leg is ab... | Orthopaedics | Bony dysplasia and soft tissue affection |
26c7f51f-3710-40a8-96cb-528d3c03b020 | Titration of the dose of a drug with the response can be done with which of the following routes of Administration | Sublingual | Transdermal | Inhalation | Subcutaneous | 2c | single | Ref-KDT 6/e p9 Inhalation anaesthetic agents like hello than are used in the clinical practice by titration of dose with response | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects |
001a182a-8a7d-40be-a09f-6c7cb428acf1 | The actions of superior oblique muscle is A/E: | Abduction | Intorsion | Extorsion | Depression | 2c | single | C i.e., Extorsion | Anatomy | null |
a84d451a-6d34-43e2-85a6-a932f3b85056 | Which of the following is a Live Vaccine? | Salk polio vaccine | HDCV | Hepatitis B vaccine | 17-D vaccine | 3d | single | examples for live attenuated vaccine BCG yellow fever polio measles mumps rubella typhoid varicella rotavirus cholera cold-adapted influenza rotavirus reassoants zoster (refer pgno:103 park 23 rd edition ) | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
1ee0c4cb-3cf7-498c-a229-19afed850e0e | Most common dose limiting toxicity of chemotherapeutic agent | Myelosuppression | G.I. toxicity | Neurotoxicity | Alopecia | 0a | single | Myelosuppression "Myelosuppression with depression of both antibody and cell mediated immunity is the single most impoant dose limiting factor with cytotoxic agents and carries life threatening consequences". Repeated blood monitoring is essential and transfusion of red cells and platelets may be necessary. Cell growth... | Pharmacology | null |
730efca7-2cee-440f-bdca-f2f9f53b6685 | Tophi in gout found in all regions except - | Joint capsule | Skin | Muscle | Aicular cailage | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Joint capsuleo Tophi are pathognomic of gout. They are formed by large aggregations of urate crystals. The urate crystals are surrounded by ?a) Macrophages c) Large foreign body giant cellsb) LymphocytesThey are seen in the?a) Aicular cailages of joints d) Achilles tendonb) Periaicular ligaments e) Ea... | Pathology | null |
ce56b8c2-c61d-4ee8-9cf6-de289ceb7abf | All are true about psedomyxoma peritonei except | Associated with ovarian tumours | Appendicitis | Yellow jelly collection of fluid | Common in male | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Common in male | Surgery | null |
c12a0740-b157-45ab-aec2-a1b83c156a9d | Allens test detects insufficiency of which artery - | Radial artery | Umbilical artery | Popliteal artery | Aorta | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Radial artery "Allen test the adequacy of blood supply to the hand from radial and ulnar arteries and the arcade between them".TestTechniqueSignificanceAllens testElevate the hand and apply digital pressure on the radial and ulnar arteries to occlude them.Ask the patient to make a fist several times. ... | Surgery | Arterial Disorders |
0e9b9822-5a51-480b-9c9a-3ef7fc89b686 | A 46-year-old woman presents with fever, hemoptysis, weight loss, and night sweats. She has never smoked. She recently returned returned from a month-long trip to Asia. A chest radiograph reveals apical lesions with cavitation in the left lung. A purified protein derivative (PPD) test is placed, and 48 hours later an 1... | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | Congenital immunodeficiency | Miliary tuberculosis, with seeding of distal organs with innumerable small millet seed-like lesions | Secondary tuberculosis, resulting from activation of a prior Ghon complex, with spread to a new pulmonary site | 3d | multi | Tuberculosis, at one time a frequent hazard in the United States, is now relatively uncommon except in immunocompromised individuals Primary tuberculosis is the initial infection by M. tuberculosis, and is restricted to the primary, or Ghon complex. Cavitation and selective localization to the pulmonary apices are char... | Pathology | Systemic Pathology |
c64c814f-65c9-463c-8347-019930f801ae | Routine spirometry can't estimatea) FRCb) VCc) RVd) ERVe) FEV1 | a | bc | ad | ac | 3d | single | Direct measurement can be done by Spirometry for
- TV, IRV, ERV, VC, Forced vital capacity, FEV1
Direct measurement by spirometry cannot be done for
- RV, FRC, TLC | Physiology | null |
178f2a2f-ecac-46c2-86d7-6e2f852c1032 | IgE receptors are present on | Mast cells | NK cells | B cells | Histiocytes | 0a | single | Ref Robbins 9/e p201 Type 1 hypersensitivity is a rapid immunological reaction occuring in a previously sensitized individual that is triggered by the binding of an antigen to IgE antibody on the surface of mast cells | Anatomy | General anatomy |
9dc8a790-7e4d-48d4-9216-82ec896e492a | In obstructive lung all are true EXCEPT | Residual volume normal | FEV decrease | FEV1/FVC decreases | Vital capacity normal | 0a | multi | Residual volume normal REF: Harrison's Internal Medicine 17th ed> Chapter 246. Disturbances of Respiratory Function See APPENDIX-53 for "OBSTRUCTIVE VS RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE" | Surgery | null |
d028bfc8-59a3-4438-8af7-7393ea6cb4ab | A 25 years old female comes to your clinic for evaluation of infertility. A hysterosalpingogram reveals Asherman's syndrome. What symptoms will the patient have? | Menorrhagia | Oligomenorrhea | Polymenorrhea | Hypomenorrhea | 3d | single | Ans. is d, i.e. HypomenorrheaThe typical presenting symptom in adenomyosis is hypomenorrhea, i.e. less blood loss during menstruation. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Endometriosis and Infertility |
871d4d9d-3de3-40f7-bbef-0ab4f14ebebf | All of the following conditions are known to cause diabetes insipidus except- | Multiple sclerosis | Head injury | Histiocytosis | Viral encephalitis | 0a | multi | Causes of Central Diabetes insipidus Causes of Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus Multiple sclerosis causes primary polydipsia ( Harrison 17 pg 2218 ) Ref image - pumed.com , researchgate.net | Medicine | Endocrinology |
ea1876b9-ce5a-4245-bc91-24680ec6181b | Daily requirement of vitamin D in children is | 1 microgram | 2.5 microgram | 10 IU | 50-100 microgram | 0a | single | Vitamins. | Biochemistry | null |
e19e8067-5150-44e7-b113-1fc5322ecdd7 | Which of the following lipoproteins has highest protein content ? | VLDL | LDL | HDL | Chylomicrons | 2c | single | HDL has highest protein content Lipoproteins Density relation Chylomicrons Chylomicrons remnant VLDL VLDL remnant / IDL LDL HDL Density [?] 1/TG Content Density [?] 1/size of LP Density [?] % of Proteins Since, HDL is maximum in density and Density [?] % of Proteins. | Biochemistry | Lipoproteins |
ec2ef1de-05e1-4bd6-bd26-de89cb411383 | What causes mallet finger? | Extensor tendon rupture | Bony avulsion of distal phalanx at the extensor tendon | Strain and subsequent stretching of the extensor tendon | All the above | 3d | multi | Mallet finger: A finger flexed at the DIP joint due to avulsion or rupture of extensor tendon at the base of the distal phalanx. Mallet finger occur due to forced flextion of the finger tip. Hyper- extension splint is the treatment for atleast 6-8 weeks. | Orthopaedics | Fracture Management |
c87acac5-eaae-41d1-b3f6-8351538141a6 | Acantholysis means | Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia | Loss of intercellular connections | Intercellular edema of the epidermis. | Abnormal keratinization | 1b | single | Answer is option 2, loss of intercellular connections We performed scanning electron microscopy of an inveed blister roof in a case of pemphigus foliaceus. The loss of intercellular adherence could be easily seen with low magnification. The acantholytic keratinocytes displayed an irregular and sometimes polygonal conto... | Pathology | Endocrinology |
9a80c649-3f64-40dd-ba66-55f2bc37ee19 | Flask shaped undermined ulcers in rectosigmoid area are seen in | Amoebiasis | Typhoid | Tuberculosis | Hydatid disease | 0a | single | Most amoebic ulcers occur in the rectosigmoid. On sigmoidoscopy shallow skip lesions and 'flaskshaped' or 'collar-stud' undermined ulcers may be seen and can be biopsied or scrapings can be taken along with mucus for immediate microscopic examination. The presence of trophozoites distinguishes the condition from ulcera... | Surgery | General surgery |
f4209985-c881-4a5e-8469-1b1535a93b8b | Eukaryotic plasma membrane is made up of all except | Carbohydbrates | Triglycerides | Lecithin | Cholesterol | 1b | multi | PLASMA MEMBRANE 1. The plasma membrane separates the cell from the external environment. It has highly selective permeability propeies so that the entry and exit of compounds are regulated. The cellular metabolism is in turn influenced and probably regulated by the membrane. The membrane is metabolically very active. 2... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of lipid |
1a21fa71-fbb7-4b22-9313-de9e66c6c163 | Mr Chaturvedi a 70-year-old man comes to casualty with urinary retention and back pain. Which investigation should be performed - | Serum acid phosphatase | Serum Calcium | Serum alkaline phosphatase | Serum electrophoresis | 0a | single | This pt. is suspected to have Ca Prostate as
Prostatic Ca is the most common malignant tumor in men over 65 yrs. of age.
Symptoms of Bladder outlet obstruction and back pains (due to bony metastasis in the pelvis & lumbar vertebra) indicate towards prostate Ca.
Serum acid phosphates is a tumor marker of prostate Ca.
Bu... | Surgery | null |
f3e182d1-d514-4f52-bede-40dc3dccb820 | All of the following structures come in relation with the urethral crest which is situated in the prostatic pa of the urethra, EXCEPT? | Ejaculatory ducts | Prostatic utricle | Prostatic sinus | Colliculus seminalis | 2c | multi | Urethral crest is a midline longitudinal ridge on the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra. Prostatic sinus is a groove on each side of urethral crest. About 15-20 prostatic ducts open into the prostatic sinus to pour secretion of prostate into the urethra.Colliculus seminalis is an elevation at the middle of urethr... | Anatomy | null |
cfa8807c-fcc7-4b6a-8314-781659ad1797 | Hereditary spherocytosis is best tretaed with | Splenectomy | Immunoglobulns | Steroids | Blood transfusion | 0a | single | Treatment of choice for hereditary spherocytosis is splenectomy especially in case of severe hemolysis,done after 6 years of age. The treatment of hereditary spherosytosis (HS) is dependent on the severity of the condition and recommendations vary a bit in the medical literature. In general, folate therapy (a type of v... | Pediatrics | Hematology |
997ade42-f9ba-4303-9f15-37f9b1a48a85 | Crista terminalis is present in ? | Left atrium | Left ventricle | Right atrium | Right ventricle | 2c | single | Crista terminalis (divides the right atrium into anterior and posterior pa) is a ridge of smooth muscle fibers extending from the SVC to valve of IVC. It is developed from embryonic right venous valve and is represented on the surface by sulcus terminalis. | Anatomy | null |
54b2ddac-2be4-4be7-b7b0-84610278bbf2 | False about Corona viruses? | Corona viruses are non-enveloped | Spreads by coughing and sneezing | Most of them infect animals and birds | Human infection is rare | 0a | multi | Corona viruses are enveloped. | Microbiology | null |
2b9cb717-15c9-418e-a76c-5ab9db7579d1 | Commonest intracranial tumour is? | Astrocytoma | Medulloblastoma | Meningioma | Secondaries | 3d | single | More than one-quaer of the CNS tumors are secondary metastases arising in patients undergoing treatment for systemic cancer. Both benign and malignant CNS tumors are capable of producing neurologic impairment depending upon their site. Primary CNS tumors or intracranial tumors include :- tumors arising from constituent... | Pathology | Nervous system |
041a9d99-6571-4bc5-bcca-f28b56a50bdb | Barrett's oesophagus shows | Intestinal dysplasia | Intestinal metaplasia | Columnar cell metaplasia | Columnar cell dysplasia | 1b | single | Barrett oesophagus is a complication of chronic GERD that is characterised by intestinal metaplasia within the esophagal squamous mucosa | Anatomy | G.I.T |
56881cdb-6f21-4814-81c5-593163f4b978 | Which of the following does not occur in lysosomal storage disorders: | Increased number and size of lysosomes | Accumulation of the polyubiquinated proteins | No neurological deficit | Apoptosis defects | 2c | single | Lysosomal storage disorders : Inborn diseases due to lack or inactivity of lysosomal hydrolases, transpoers or integral membrane proteins. Have severe neurological abnormalities. Large vacuoles and ubiquitinated aggregates, promoting degradation and induction of lysosome biogenesis. Defects in apoptosis. Substrate accu... | Biochemistry | Miscellaneous |
433ddd32-7238-41ff-a8f8-6729f5a6697f | The EEG rhythm having lowest frequency is- | Alpha | Beta | Delta | Theta | 2c | single | Ans. C. DeltaThe various types of EEG waveforms are depicted below- | Physiology | Sleep Physiology |
a880cd0d-aeb8-48ae-9792-4c3a75a9c81a | What is electrical storm? | > 3 episodes of ventricular tachycardia within 24 hours | > 3 episodes of atrial tachycardia within 24 hours | Electromechanical dissociation | Electrical alternans | 0a | single | Electrical storm: Condition in which patient develops recurrent V. tachycardia. Cut off >3 episodes of V.T within 24 hrs. Option C: Electromechanical Dissociation: Terminology used to describe rupture hea which causes pulseless BP|| Option D: Electrical alternans- Variations in QRS amplitude in conditions - C. tamponad... | Medicine | Murmurs |
b7d72f2b-0dbf-4d2e-8dab-9dce16e93339 | Most common site of osteomas among the paranasal sinuses is? | Maxillary | Frontal | Ethmoidal | Sphenoidal | 1b | single | ANSWER: (B) FrontalREF: Dhingra's 4th ed p. 195Repeat ENT December 2011See APPENDIX-49 "PARANASAL SINUSES" APPENDIX - 49Paranasal Sinuses:Paranasalsinus(PNS)Status at birth1stRadiologicalEvidenceBestradiologicalviewAdult sizeDrains intoCommentsMaxillaryPresent4-5 monthsWaters'view/Ocdpitomental/nose-chinposition15 year... | ENT | Nose and PNS |
e8781a28-b5cc-44ab-a0ae-dbcb3f60bb0a | Which of the following is not true regarding tubercular osteomyelitis | It is secondary to TB | Periosteal reaction is seen | Sequestrum is uncommon | inflammation is minimum | 1b | multi | peiosteal reaction is usually not seen in tubercular osteomyelitis. Tuberculous osteomyelitis * Bone Tuberculosis * Hematogenous spread of organisms from an active focus of tuberculosis : -- lung (common) -- mediastinal or aoic lymph nodes -- kidney -- bowel * Most common in children&youngs * The veebrae and the long b... | Anatomy | Skeletal infections |
22ccfc63-1a08-47db-9b75-fa0e926c04c1 | Imatinib primarily acts by inhibiting: | BCR-ABL | Tyrosine kinase | PGDFR | None | 1b | multi | Ans. (B) Tyrosine kinase(Ref: KDT 8th/e p929)Imatinib inhibits tyrosine kinase linked withabl-bcr fusionPDGF receptorc-kit receptor | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy: General Principles |
84cd88f1-d037-468b-8b70-fa356ed0c34d | All are true regarding typhoid ulcer EXCEPT: September 2012 | Ileum is the common site | Bleeding is common | Stricture is usual and causes obstruction | Perforation is common | 2c | multi | C i.e. Stricture is common and causes obstruction Typhoid ulcers Longitudinal, Ulceration of Peyer's patches, Stricture is rare | Medicine | null |
2f58970a-51cc-49d7-9261-6814a98b1371 | Drug of choice for maintenance therapy in PSVT is- | Amiodarone | Lignocaine | Verapamil | Adenosine | 2c | single | Ans. is c' i.e., Verapamilo Amongst the options provided Verapamil is the drug of choice for maintenance therapy in pateints with PSVT.Treatment options for Supraventricular Tachycardiao Physiologic interventionRestValsalva maneuvers : Gag reflex, ice packs, etcCarotid massageAvoidance of inciting factors : Caffeine, t... | Medicine | Drugs |
d1f27425-1f7e-4495-a29c-8e8cb7016503 | All are true regarding prazosin, EXCEPT : | First dose effect | Impaired glucose tolerance | Selective alpha-1 blocker | Is an antihypertensive drug | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' Impaired glucose tolerance * "Prazosin improves the carbohydrate metabolism.It also improves lipid profile lower LDL, increase HDL" | Pharmacology | Anti Adrenergic System |
32148ee8-1826-416d-a78d-a82f419abbcf | A pregnant female infected with Rubella. Which of the following immunoglobulin is produced by in-utero infection? | IgG | IgA | IgM | IgD | 2c | single | IgM is the main immunoglobulin produced early in the primary immune response. IgM is present on the surface of viually all uncommitted B cells. It is the most efficient immunoglobulin in agglutination, complement fixation, and other antigen-antibody reactions and is impoant also in defense against bacteria and viruses.... | Microbiology | null |
3ef88292-3299-42e9-a35e-e4455e5b9b89 | Brain death indicated by suppression of reflexes all except - | Oculovestibular | Corneal | Pharyngeal | Patellar tendon | 3d | multi | Irreversible coma with abolition of CNS activity in brain death is evidenced by absence of pupillary, corneal, oculovestibular and pharyngeal reflexes. Dr. Narayana Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 27th edition pg.66,67 | Forensic Medicine | Death and postmortem changes |
5dedc621-eddc-412e-b88b-dbe5103ba920 | Most common cause of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia is | Sarcoidosis | Organizing pneumonia | Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | Lipoid pneumonia | 2c | single | Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.It is characterised by exeional dyspnea,non productive cough,inspiratory crackles with or without digital clubbing.HRCT show patchy,predominantly basilar,subpleural reticular opacities,traction bronchiectasis and honeycombing.Pul... | Medicine | Respiratory system |
6b183c7a-bbad-406a-8b9b-d94aca7b94d3 | Methotrexate should be given with which of the following to decrease its side effects? | Folic acid | Cyanocobalamin | Thiamine | Folinic acid | 3d | single | Ans. d (Folinic acid). (Ref. Harrison 18th/Chapter 326. The Vasculitis Syndromes)To lessen toxicity, methotrexate is often given together with folic acid, 1 mg daily, or folinic acid, 5-10 mg once a week 24h following methotrexate.METHOTREXATE# acts by inhibiting hydrofolate reductase - blocking the conversion of dihyd... | Pharmacology | Anti-Cancer |
f4485a97-3989-4244-8f36-d03f8ee60439 | The cytochrome involved in monooxygenase mediated detoxification of drugs is: | Cyt P 300 | Cyt P 400 | Cyt P 450 | Cyt P 480 | 2c | single | Cyt P 450 | Biochemistry | null |
2583f6c8-6688-41ea-b666-a8ed1ae5de73 | All are seen in multiple myeloma EXCEPT: | Visual disturbance | Bleeding tendency | Proteinuria | Dystrophic calcification | 3d | multi | Dystrophic calcification REF: Harrison's 17th ed p. 702 CLINICAL FEATURES OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA: Increase in number of osteoclasts due to proliferation of plasma cells * * * * * Lytic lesions Bone pains Pathological fractures Cord compression Hypercalcemia leading to metastatic calcification and osteoporosis Suppression ... | Surgery | null |
bbb62356-6488-4a31-a3c7-6dbd18202e52 | Cytochrome Oxidase is a | Hemoprotein | Flavin mononucleotide | Flavin adenine dinucleotide | flavin adenine trinucleotide | 0a | single | Cytochrome oxidase is a hemoprotein widely distributed in many tissues, having the typical heme prosthetic group present in myoglobin, hemoglobin, and other cytochromes.Ref: Harper Biochemistry; 30th edition; Chapter 12; Biologic Oxidation | Biochemistry | Metabolism of carbohydrate |
18c354de-6cbc-4156-a313-3dd3b9b4cae7 | Poo-systemic shunt is not seen in which of the following abdominal structures? | Liver | Spleen | Anorectum | Gastro Esophageal | 1b | single | Poosystemic shunts occur at sites where the poal system veins anastomose with systemic veins. These are alternative routes of blood flow during poal obstruction. Spleen is not known to have poosystemic shunts.Ref: Human Anatomy, B D Chaurasia, 4th Edition, Volume 2, Chapter 21, Page 270, 271; Textbook of Anatomy with C... | Anatomy | null |
c55027ec-25eb-4cbb-a872-059f0062b4cb | Isolated systolic hypeension is defined as: | SBP>140, DBP<90 | SBP>140, DBP<80 | SBP>150, DBP<90 | SBP>150, DBP<90 | 0a | single | Isolated systolic hypeension is defined as systolic BP greater than 140 and diastolic BP less than 90. Ref: Park 21st edition, page 344. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
9bd16030-a17d-4994-b5f7-90e1cd36f093 | Athlete's foot is caused by? | Candida | Madurella | Actinomycosis | Dermatophytes | 3d | single | Tinea pedis is a dermatophyte infection of feet and is also referred as Athlete's foot. Tenia pedis T. Rubrum most common Dull erythema with scales. Diagnosis: KOH exam - Thick scale, no leading edge Rx: Dry Feet Don't wear the same shoes everyday, Absorbent powders Rx Scale- keratolytic agents- Salicylic acid Topical:... | Dental | Fungal infections |
b7297ddd-e12e-48ee-b715-693836b03fd2 | Superior oblique muscle performs action of: | Intoion | Extoion | Elevation | Medial rotation | 0a | single | A i.e. Intoion | Ophthalmology | null |
529e6197-7f47-4adc-b736-0b6fcc739840 | Spalding's sign is seen in | Drowning | Mummification | Adipocere | Maceration | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e. Maceration Spalding's sign Overriding of the cranial bones on one another, due to liquefaction of brain matter and softening of the ligamentous structures supporting the vault. It usually appears 7 days after death. It is a sign of Maceration in a dead-born child. Still Stillbornad-born child Still bor... | Forensic Medicine | Identification of Dead and Mass Disaster |
729f74db-2dd5-4f7e-934e-432ecc8a21e1 | Window period in HIV is defined as | Period between onset of infection and clinically detectable level of antibodies | Period between infection and appearance of symptoms | Time between HIV positivity to AIDS | CD4 count < 200 | 0a | multi | Window period
The time period between primary infection and detection of antibodies is called window period.
Traditional methods used in the diagnosis of HIV such as (ELISA and western blot) are based on the detection of these antibodies i.e., thes... | Medicine | null |
c8d81139-4aa9-41f0-aa36-1f0a7cd33351 | A women at 8 months of pregnancy complains of abdominal pain and slight vaginal bleed. On examination the uterine size is above the expected date with absent fetal heart sounds. The diagnosis: | Hydramnios | Concealed hemorrhage | Active labour | Uterine rupture | 1b | multi | Let’s analyse all options separately to see which suits the best. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
b63f0817-98c6-4192-be1c-7f131789c87b | Most dangerous type of diptheria: | Facial | Laryngeal | Nasal | Cutaneous | 1b | single | Ans. is. 'b' i. e. Laryngeal | Microbiology | null |
1bd56cd7-34c1-4966-816d-c13749041a25 | Creola bodies are seen in | A. Bronchial asthma | B. Emphysema | C. Chronic bronchitis | D. Bronchiectasis | 0a | single | Refer ribbons 9/e p682 Creola bodies are a histopathologic finding indicative of asthma. Found in a patient's sputum, they are ciliated columnar cells sloughed from the bronchial mucosa of a patient with asthma. Other common findings in the sputum of asthma patients include Charcot-Leyden crystals, Curschmann's Spirals... | Anatomy | Respiratory system |
91fbddec-2163-49ab-b53e-27ccb4884e75 | Human placenta is ? | Discoid | Hemochorial | Deciduate | All the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the aboveThe human placenta is :Discoid, because of its shape.Hemochorial, because of direct contact of the chorion with the maternal blood andDeciduate, because some maternal tissue is shed at paurition. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
26a93987-a08d-462b-8d18-0576e0e0e5d4 | Life span of neonatal RBC ? | 60-90 days | 90-120 days | 120-150 days | 150-200 days | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 60-90 days | Physiology | null |
87008fff-ad2b-41d9-9e44-89ee14544487 | Fatal familial insomia is associated with - | Prion disease | Degeneration disease | Neoplastic disease | Vascular disease | 0a | single | fatal familial inaomnia is a human prion disease REF:ANATHANARAYANAN MICROBIOLOGY NINTH EDITION PAGE.557 | Microbiology | Virology |
f4ffa1be-4fee-4705-a44e-2ba9f52e368a | A 4 years old child suffered from a fall on outstretched hand. X rays revealed a fracture with the fracture line at the physes with a small metaphyseal fragment. There was no epiphyseal fracture. What type of injury by Salter harris Classification is this? | I | II | III | IV | 1b | multi | Type II: the fracture involves the physis and a triangle of metaphyseal bone (Thurston Holland sign). This is the commonest type of epiphyseal injury accounting for 73 percent of cases over 10 years of age.(Refer: Mohindra's Fundamentals of Ohopedics, 2nd edition, pg no. 510) | Orthopaedics | All India exam |
6c9d51cb-e0e6-4b71-ac3d-5abcf3ce6a9c | An example for gain of function mutation is? | Osteogenesis imperfecta | Ehler danlos syndrome | Marfan syndrome | Huntington's disease | 3d | single | Ans. (d) Huntington's diseaseIn Huntington disease, the trinucleotide repeat mutation affecting the Huntington gene gives rise to an abnormal protein, called huntingtin, that is toxic to neurons causing neurologic deficit | Pathology | Genetics |
c32b231a-bed5-4aa9-8c74-ae4381431e6b | Colour code of oxygen cylinder is | Black cylinder with white shoulders | Black cylinder with grey shoulders | White cylinder with black shoulders | Grey cylinder with white shoulders | 0a | single | Color coding of cylinders is introduced to prevent accidental misplacement of cylinders. | Anaesthesia | Fundamental concepts |
e009a61b-b2a0-4205-ab95-b026ed0f47c3 | Elimination of leprosy is define as prevalence - | < 1 per 1000 | < 1 per 10000 | < 1 per 1 lakh | < 1 per 100 | 1b | single | <p> Prevalence <1 per 10,000. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,22nd edition,page no:288. <\p> | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
41585522-f8c5-4f30-b48e-a37af93c0819 | Solid and largest lymphatic organ of the body is | Spleen | Thymus | Lymph node | Liver | 0a | single | (A) Spleen# Largest lymphatic organ in the human body is the spleen.> Primary function of the spleen is to purify the blood and store blood cells. It helps the immune system identify and combat foreign antibodies.> The spleen consists of white pulp and red pulp. The white pulp generates blood cells and synthesizes anti... | Anatomy | Misc. |
4a10bf7d-70a5-4670-9c77-6e85e1cf3393 | All of the following are indications for tonsillectomy except-a) Foreign body in tonsilsb) Unilateral enlargement of tonsils with suspected malignancyc) Keratin tonsild) Recurrent quinsy | ac | bc | ad | b | 0a | multi | Tonsillectomy
Tonsillectomy, as the name suggests, is the surgical procedure to remove the tonsils.
Often, tonsillectomy is done at the same time as adenoidectomy.
Indications
Indications are divided into :-
A) Absolute
1. Recurrent infections of throat. This is the most common indication. Recurrent infections ar... | ENT | null |
10919dfe-e40f-43e4-8e85-0a7679238e21 | Pegloticase used in which of the following conditions? | Chronic Gout | Psoriatic ahritis | RA | Paralytic Ileus | 0a | single | Ans. A. Chronic Gout* Pegloticase is a medication for the treatment of Severe, Treatment - Refractory, Chronic Gout.* It is a third line treatment in those in whom other treatments are not tolerated.* Drug is administered by infusion intravenously. | Pharmacology | null |
3e81502d-c351-4e91-9024-f97518784994 | Reflex is characterised by all except | Fractionation | Occlusion | Prepotentiation | Minosynaptic | 3d | multi | (D) Minosynaptic > The basic unit of integrated reflex activity is the Reflex arc.# Monosynaptic reflexes: Simplest reflex arc is one with a single synapse between afferent & efferent neurons, such arcs are monosynaptic.# Polysynaptic reflexes: Reflex arcs in which one or more interneurons are interposed between the af... | Physiology | Nervous System |
e37ddc9d-4152-407f-99fd-418ac90284a1 | Safety muscle of larynx is: | Aryepiglotticus | Cricoarytenoid | Thyroarytenoid | Posterior cricoarytenoid | 3d | single | Ans. D Posterior cricoarytenoidRef: Dhingra, 5thpg. 300* Posterior cricoarytenoid is the most important muscle of the larynx as it is the only abductor of vocal cord.* Paralysis of posterior cricoarytenoid will lead to adduction of vocal cord, which may lead to dyspnea resulting in death. | Anatomy | Neuroanatomy |
81905da9-b211-4446-a7e1-9f957b9a5af2 | Which of the following is most likely to be the cause of painful third nerve palsy of sudden onset in a man of 40 | Rupture of an infraclinoid aneurysm | Sphenoidal ridge meningioma | Diabetes mellitus neuropathy | Rupture of a supraclinoid aneurysm | 3d | single | Ans. Rupture of a supraclinoid aneurysm | Ophthalmology | null |
ff8ff831-0e4b-4fc5-b578-a7574ebc785c | A 63-year-old woman with chronic bronchitis presents with shortness of breath. A chest X-ray reveals a 2-cm "coin lesion" in the upper lobe of the left lung. A CT-guided lung biopsy is obtained. Which of the following describes the histologic features of this lesion if the diagnosis is hamartoma? | Benign neoplasm of epithelial origin | Disorganized normal tissue | Ectopic islands of normal tissue | Granulation tissue | 1b | single | Localized, disordered differentiation during embryonic development results in a hamartoma, a disorganized caricature of normal tissue components. Such tumors, which are not strictly neoplasms, contain varying combinations of cartilage, ducts or bronchi, connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphoid tissue. Ectopic isl... | Pathology | Neoplasia |
7b9c789b-be1a-4046-9d3d-525cb8530008 | Implosion therapy mainly comprises of | HOME. | Humor. | Relaxation. | All of the above. | 0a | multi | Implosion therapy mainly comprises of HOME, voice control and physical restraints | Dental | null |
66d429a8-bc0f-4e22-a738-68ecfb8f1c3f | Drug that can be safely used in first trimester of pregnancy for treatment of malaria is: | Quinine | Aemether | Both of the above | None of the above | 0a | multi | According to current WHO guidelines, ACT (Aemesin combination therapy)s can be given in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. The recommended treatment in the first trimester of pregnancy is quinine. Ref: | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
4fa8a17f-d47f-4294-ac4a-55376fe5ade8 | Mechanism which is responsible for gentamicin ototoxicity is: | Accumulation of drug metabolites. | Direct hair cell toxicity. | Inhibition of Na-K ATPase channels. | All of the above. | 1b | multi | Ototoxicity involves progressive and irreversible damage to, and eventually destruction of, the sensory cells in the cochlea and vestibular organ of the ear. | Pharmacology | null |
de59ecf5-a72b-4d9f-b0d9-fe7b36b23f26 | Pulmonary tuberculosis is more common in following associated diseases except - | Acquired Immune Deficiencies syndrome | Diabetes | Chronic renal failure | Mitral stenosis | 3d | multi | Risk factors for active tuberculosis among persons who have been infected with Tubercle bacilli include comorbidities like HIV infection(relative risk of 21-30),chronic renal failure(10-25),diabetes(2-4),silicosis(30),IV drug use(10-30),immunosuppressive treatment(10),gastrectomy(2-5),jejunoileal bypass(30-60),posttran... | Medicine | Respiratory system |
30eeb9eb-03ea-40a9-8806-384410462072 | A 35-year-old pregnant female at 40 weeks gestational age presents with pain and regular uterine contractions every 4-5 min. ON arrival, the patient is in a lot of pain and requesting relief immediately. Her cervix is 5 cm dilated. What is the most appropriate method of pain control for this patient? | Intramuscular morphine | Pudendal block | Local block | Epidural block | 3d | single | Ans. is d, i.e. Epidural blockRef Williams 24/e, p 513When complete relief of pain is needed throughout labor, epidural analgesia is safest and simplest. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Normal Labour |
9e54515d-ef43-42ae-980f-b108d067a136 | Which of the following chest x-ray finding is a common feature of ARDS and cardiogenic pulmonary edema? | Cardiomegaly | Pleural effusions | Pulmonary vascular redistribution | Alveolar and interstitial opacities | 3d | single | In ARDS, the chest radiograph usually reveals alveolar and interstitial opacities involving at least three-quaers of the lung fields. While characteristic for ARDS, these radiographic findings are not specific and can be indistinguishable from cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Unlike the latter, however, the chest x-ray in ... | Radiology | Cardiovascular Radiology |
e724cb7e-6dc0-44fa-aefb-f005dbce38c4 | Jelly belly is associated with all conditions, EXCEPT: | Cystadenoma of the appendix | Mucinous adenocarcinoma | Colorectal mucinous cancer | Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm pancreas | 3d | multi | In reality the pseudomyxoma peritonei or "jelly belly" probably represents mucinous ascites, in association with a cystadenoma of the appendix (resulting in true PMP); to frank mucinous adenocarcinoma. Additionally intestinal mucinous tumours, paicularly colorectal cancers, or any mucinous neoplasm may present with cli... | Surgery | null |
c3b5753f-e4d7-4b40-83f1-11eefe2627e1 | Mechanism of action of Latanoprost in glaucoma is - | Increase uveoscleral flow of aqueous | Trabecular absorption is increased | Decreases aqueous formation | All of the above | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Increase the uveoscleral flow of aqueous Drugs used in open-angle glaucoma Mechanism Methods of Administration Cholinomimetics Pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, echothiophate, demecarium Ciliary muscle contraction, opening of the trabecular meshwork, increased outflow Topical drops of gel; plasti... | Pharmacology | A.N.S. |
1828f662-9a8a-479b-8776-42c1fa5b4c87 | Birbereck granules in cytoplasm are seen in- | Mast cells | Langerhan's cells | Thrombocytes | Myelocytes | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Langerhan's cells | Pathology | Histo Pathology |
94dd0108-2e1e-47f6-b677-a9af92698312 | Hypehyroid state is characterized by | Increased protein synthesis | Decreased glycolysis | Lipolysis | Increased cholestrol | 2c | single | People with hypothyroidism often have no or only mild symptoms. Numerous symptoms and signs are associated with hypothyroidism, and can be related to the underlying cause, or a direct effect of having not enough thyroid hormones. Hashimoto's thyroiditis may present with the mass effect of a goiter (enlarged thyroid gla... | Physiology | Endocrinology |
d63245c1-818c-4853-9f55-5646ffac2b4d | A burn patient is referred when -a) 10% superficial burn in childb) Scald in facec) 25% superficial burn in adultd) 25% deep burn in adulte) Burn in palm | abc | ade | ace | bde | 3d | single | The American Burn Association (ABA) has identified the following injuries as those requiring referral to a burn center after initial assessment & stabilization at an emergency department:
Burns referred to burn centre
Partial-thickness burns greater than 10% TBSA
Burns involving the face, hands, feet, genitalia, peri... | Surgery | null |
6c4091f0-43c1-49e4-be4b-4c78cd7216de | A young couple hiking in a wilderness area discovered the body of a man apparently in his 20s. He appeared to have been dead a few days, but animal predation was minimal. A postmortem examination was performed by the county medical examiner, and no evidence of penetrating wounds (bullet, lacerations, etc.) was found. A... | Myocardial infarction (heart attack) | A fall from a height that resulted in fatal in ternal bleeding | Subdural hematoma | Strangulation | 3d | multi | A fractured hyoid bone is evidence of strangulation. A fall from a height and subdural hematoma would likely be accompanied by fractured bones. Whereas myocardial infarction or poison remain possibilities, the medical examiner would have a high index of suspicion for strangulation because of the fractured hyoid bone. | Anatomy | Head & Neck |
9b4c3696-12fb-4372-83ae-3e10f6034115 | Most common type of human papilloma virus causing Ca cervix are: | 16 and 18 | 1 and 33 | 6 and 11 | 2 and 14 | 0a | single | It is now established that HPV plays a major role in cervical carcinogenesis.
Among the various genotypes (more than 100) the Genotype of HPV which is:
Most commonly associated with squamous cell carcinoma cervix - HPV 16
Most common genotype associated with adenocarcinoma of cervix - HPV 18
Overall MC genotype associ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
85935573-c531-4eee-817e-633c6aa1a057 | A 75 year old lady with fracture neck of femur presents with two days history of altered sensorium and decreased urinary output. Serum calcium is 15.5 mg dl, Urea is 140 mg/dl, Creatinine is 2 mg/d1. All of the following are useful for immediate management of Hypercalcemia, Except: | Normal saline | Furosemide | Dialysis | Bisphosphonates | 3d | multi | Answer is D (Bisphosphonates): Bisphosphonates have a delayed onset of action beginning after days and are not recommended in patients with renal failure. Bisphosphonates is the single best answer by exclusion. | Medicine | null |
5b956614-2df7-4084-91a4-37f71b18ce00 | Disulfiram is a type of | Aversion therapy | Anticraving therapy | Detoxification | Opioid management therapy | 0a | single | Disulfiram inhibits Aldehyde dehyrogenase enzyme and leads to accumulation of Acetaldehyde resulting in aversive symptoms. | Psychiatry | null |
e36250c1-c8a1-45f4-974c-c57b5f992551 | All true about cephalosporins EXCEPT: | Ceftazimide is a 3rd generation cephalosporin | Cefoperzone has got antipseudomonal effect. | Cefoxitin has got no activity against anaerobes | Cephalosporins act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis | 2c | multi | This 2nd generation cephalosporin was developed subsequent to the first generation compounds and are more active against gram-negative organisms, anaerobes, but none inhibits P. aeruginosa ESSENTISLS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
5e43a104-3838-4954-bea7-5a52c7647e3e | what is likely diagnosis of following CXR? | TOF | TAPVC | VSD | ASD | 0a | single | Tetralogy of fallot Commonest cyanotic congenital hea disease in children above the age of two years constituting almost 75 % of all blue patients. Four constituents of tetra logy as described originally by Fallot consist of :- * 1. Ventricular septa! defect (VSD) # 2. Pulmonic stenosis # 3. overriding or dextroposed a... | Medicine | All India exam |
ac06f54b-3b71-41f1-aa1a-8034f96286db | The following are true about EBV except - | A member of herpes virus family | Infects epithelial cells of pharynx | The main target of virus is the T-cell lymphocytes | It is complicated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma | 2c | multi | The EB virus enters the pharyngeal epithelial cells through CD 21 receptors. It multiplies locally invades the bloodstream and infect B cells. REF:ANATHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 8TH EDITION PAGE NO:475 | Microbiology | Virology |
8b99c840-a443-41ff-9f13-78a24d2317f4 | 50 year old male with positive family history of prostate cancer has come to you for a screening test. Which is the most sensitive screening test to pickup prostate cancer ? | DRE | PSA | DRE + PSA | Endorectal Coil MPJ with T, W and T2W images | 2c | single | The combination of digital rectal examination and PSA levels are the most sensitive screening test to pick up prostate cancer. Diagnosis of prostate cancer is based on symptoms, an abnormal DRE, a change or an elevated serum PSA levels. Ref: Harrison's Principles Of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition, PAge 544, 545/ 18th ... | Surgery | null |
602f5907-9606-482d-b1bf-103c15de02cc | A 30-year-old hospitalized patient with an intravenous (IV) catheter developed fever and systemic infection. The source of the infection was bacteria that contaminated the catheter during its insertion. The IV catheter had to be removed because the bacteria grew within the catheter forming a biofilm. Biofilm developmen... | Endotoxin | Periplasm | Polysaccharides | Porins | 2c | single | Pathogenic bacteria such as the gram-negative bacillus Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the gram-positive coccus Staphylococcus aureus colonize the surface of certain surgical appliances such as artificial heart valves and catheters. Multiple layers of the colonizing bacteria surround themselves with a polysaccharide (c) mat... | Microbiology | General |
fda115fe-9e0c-4d4d-8631-bcce12685d33 | Chronic simple glaucoma features are : | Raised IOP with no optic nerve damage. | Raised IOP with optic nerve damage. | Perimetric damage with no optic nerve changes. | Pink disc. | 1b | single | Glaucoma definition is CHRONIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY with characteristic visual field changes with IOP increased as major but not the only risk factor. B is correct as raised IOP is the most impoant preventable risk factor. A is wrong as there is no optic nerve damage. This condition is called ocular hypeension. C is wrong ... | Ophthalmology | Glaucoma |
eabf71c1-20f8-4649-8351-84b9f4974821 | All are anticraving agent for alcohol except ? | Lorazepam | Naltrexone | Topiramate | Acamprosate | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lorazepam Treatment of alcohol dependence Detoxification (treatment of withdrawal) :- BZDs are the drugs of choice, e.g. chlordiazepoxide (131 choice), Diazepam (2"d choice). Maintenance after detoxification (to prevent relapse and maintenance of abstinence) :? Aversive agents (deferent agents) :- Dis... | Psychiatry | null |
be21edfb-6098-4b90-b986-6903121b099f | Which is the most common primary malignant bone tumor? | Osteosarcoma | Osteoclastoma | Secondaries | Multiple myeloma | 3d | single | Secondaries are the most common malignant bone tumor. But the most common primary malignant bone tumor is Multiple myeloma.. | Pathology | null |
a5dd0695-56b7-4ec6-979b-507aa7512e2b | A 80 years old male patient came to neurology OPD with complaint of high grade fever, cognitive decline and behavioural disturbances 5 days back. No history of travelling / contact with any TB patient is seen. NCCT head was done and showed hypodense lesion with edema in left frontal lobe. MRI was done to characterize t... | Pyogenic abscess | Tubercular abscess | Glioblastoma multiforme | Hydatid cyst | 0a | single | MR showing a peripheral enhancing lesion in left frontal lobe showing diffusion restriction on DWI/ADC image. MRS is showing lipid lactate peak with amino acids peak. Most likely diagnosis is pyogenic abscess. T1- central low intensity (hyperintense to CSF), peripheral low intensity (vasogenic edema) T2/FLAIR- central ... | Radiology | Radiology Q Bank |
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