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135
059c0c45-e8c6-48ac-8533-eb6cd3635a6c
Contraindication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Coagulopathy
Obstructive pulmonary disease
Endstage liver disease
All of the above
3d
multi
Contraindication to Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Absolute Unable to tolerate anaesthesia Refractory Coagulopathy Suspicion of carcinoma Relative Previous upper abdominal surgery Cholangitis Diffuse peritonitis Cirrhosis or poal hypeension Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cholecystenteric fistula Morbid Obesity Pre...
Anatomy
G.I.T
9dc775d5-e62e-4bed-b0a6-b617f20e246e
All are new markers for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) except:
Plasma IL 18
Urinary IL 18
Plasma NGAL
Urinary NGAL
0a
multi
Marker of AKI: Urinary 1) KIM- 1 - Kidney injury molecule-1 Plasma & Urinary 2) NGAL - Neutrophil gratinate associated lipocalin Urinary 3) IL - 18 | Tissue protected effected in proximal tubule
Medicine
JIPMER 2018
f088fdf7-bcd4-47b7-ac06-81eb459f492f
A patient with conjunctival infection, which led to corneal perforation, was positive for Gram-negative coccoid appearance on Gram stain. Fuher investigation showed small translucent colonies, which is oxidase positive. What could be the most probable causative organism?
Moraxella catarrhalis
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Acinetobacter actinatus
1b
multi
Ans. b. Neisseria gonorrhea Gram negative coccoi with small translucent colonies, which is oxidase positive is Neisseria gonorrhea. Hyperacute Conjunctivitis of Adults or Gonococcal Conjunctivitis Disease affects adults, predominantly males Infection directly spreads from genitals to eye Markedly decreased incidence of...
Ophthalmology
null
0fb0cf7d-1ec8-48c1-a50a-6c072ada4ac7
A clean incised wound heals by:
Primary intention
Secondary intention
Excessive scarring
None of the above
0a
multi
A i.e. Primary intention
Forensic Medicine
null
a299ec1b-a042-40ab-802d-188a3af7c282
Azygos lobe is found
Hea
Spleen
Lung
Pancreas
2c
single
Azygous lobe is seen in lungs . Ref - BDC 6thedi vol 1 pg236
Anatomy
Thorax
d4a6194c-9750-4f44-bba2-1eb27deb7070
Which is not a feature of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria -
Increased LAP score
Thrombosis
Thrombocytopenia
Hemolysis
0a
single
Clinical features of PNH A. Intravascular hemolysis The main feature of PNI-I is increased intravascular hemolysis that results in Hemoglobinemia            Hemoglobinuria               Hemosiderinuria Increased urine urobilinogen   Decreased serum haptoglobin  Increased serum LDH           Increased se...
Pathology
null
d50fa881-f124-4854-8621-8f5eaf968046
Necrotic nodules in lung are seen in -
TB
Sarcoidosis
RA
All of the above
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above o All dieseases given in options can cause pulmonary nodules with necrosis.o Pulmonary nodules with necrosis can be caused by1. Infective causes - TB, Histoplasma, syphilis, coceidiomycosis, Cat's scratch disease.2. Non-infective causes - Wegner's granulomatosis, RA, necrotizing sarco...
Radiology
Tumors of thorax
bda5a250-7d66-4377-9fd1-952db0a9f251
A group of expes discussing a topic in front of the audience without any specific order. This mode of communication is known as: September 2008
Panel discussion
Group discussion
Team presentation
Symposium
0a
single
Ans. A: Panel discussion In panel discussion there is a chairman/moderator and 4-8 speakers. Each speaker prepares separately, the other speakers hear one another for the time at the session itself. Panel discussions, however, differ from team presentations. Their purpose is different. In a team presentation, the group...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
82cb9f1e-8ca8-4609-8c02-208fba5e70a4
A 22 year old female presents with diy way papules in the seborrheic areas especially in the summer. Her father also gives a h/o similar lesions. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Pemphigus foliaceus
Keratosis pilaris
Darier's disease
Seborrheic dermatitis
2c
multi
It is also known as Keratosis follicularis with autosomal dominant inheritance.
Skin
null
63fb0c8f-255e-4191-9b1f-53003915debc
Which of the following drug is a Potassium channel activator?
Trimetazidine
Ivabradine
Nicorandil
Detanonoate
2c
single
Ans. C. Nicorandil1. It has vasodilating properties in normal coronary arteries.2. It reduces both preload and afterload.3. It also provides some myocardial protection via preconditioning by activation of cardiac KATP channels.4. Its significant reduction in relative risk of fatal and nonfatal coronary events in patien...
Medicine
C.V.S.
ccaf0db5-f94b-484c-a030-dcba9337654b
Test for tight iliotibial band is
Ober's test
Osber's test
Simmond's test
Charnley's test
0a
single
OBER&;S TEST:Used in physical examination to identify tightness of iliotibial band. During the test ,the patient lies on his side with the unaffected leg on the bottom with their shoulder and pelvis in line. The knee may extended or flexed to 90 or 30 degrees.The hip is maintained in slight extension.The test leg is ab...
Orthopaedics
Bony dysplasia and soft tissue affection
26c7f51f-3710-40a8-96cb-528d3c03b020
Titration of the dose of a drug with the response can be done with which of the following routes of Administration
Sublingual
Transdermal
Inhalation
Subcutaneous
2c
single
Ref-KDT 6/e p9 Inhalation anaesthetic agents like hello than are used in the clinical practice by titration of dose with response
Anatomy
Other topics and Adverse effects
001a182a-8a7d-40be-a09f-6c7cb428acf1
The actions of superior oblique muscle is A/E:
Abduction
Intorsion
Extorsion
Depression
2c
single
C i.e., Extorsion
Anatomy
null
a84d451a-6d34-43e2-85a6-a932f3b85056
Which of the following is a Live Vaccine?
Salk polio vaccine
HDCV
Hepatitis B vaccine
17-D vaccine
3d
single
examples for live attenuated vaccine BCG yellow fever polio measles mumps rubella typhoid varicella rotavirus cholera cold-adapted influenza rotavirus reassoants zoster (refer pgno:103 park 23 rd edition )
Social & Preventive Medicine
Epidemiology
1ee0c4cb-3cf7-498c-a229-19afed850e0e
Most common dose limiting toxicity of chemotherapeutic agent
Myelosuppression
G.I. toxicity
Neurotoxicity
Alopecia
0a
single
Myelosuppression "Myelosuppression with depression of both antibody and cell mediated immunity is the single most impoant dose limiting factor with cytotoxic agents and carries life threatening consequences". Repeated blood monitoring is essential and transfusion of red cells and platelets may be necessary. Cell growth...
Pharmacology
null
730efca7-2cee-440f-bdca-f2f9f53b6685
Tophi in gout found in all regions except -
Joint capsule
Skin
Muscle
Aicular cailage
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Joint capsuleo Tophi are pathognomic of gout. They are formed by large aggregations of urate crystals. The urate crystals are surrounded by ?a) Macrophages c) Large foreign body giant cellsb) LymphocytesThey are seen in the?a) Aicular cailages of joints d) Achilles tendonb) Periaicular ligaments e) Ea...
Pathology
null
ce56b8c2-c61d-4ee8-9cf6-de289ceb7abf
All are true about psedomyxoma peritonei except
Associated with ovarian tumours
Appendicitis
Yellow jelly collection of fluid
Common in male
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Common in male
Surgery
null
c12a0740-b157-45ab-aec2-a1b83c156a9d
Allens test detects insufficiency of which artery -
Radial artery
Umbilical artery
Popliteal artery
Aorta
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Radial artery "Allen test the adequacy of blood supply to the hand from radial and ulnar arteries and the arcade between them".TestTechniqueSignificanceAllens testElevate the hand and apply digital pressure on the radial and ulnar arteries to occlude them.Ask the patient to make a fist several times. ...
Surgery
Arterial Disorders
0e9b9822-5a51-480b-9c9a-3ef7fc89b686
A 46-year-old woman presents with fever, hemoptysis, weight loss, and night sweats. She has never smoked. She recently returned returned from a month-long trip to Asia. A chest radiograph reveals apical lesions with cavitation in the left lung. A purified protein derivative (PPD) test is placed, and 48 hours later an 1...
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Congenital immunodeficiency
Miliary tuberculosis, with seeding of distal organs with innumerable small millet seed-like lesions
Secondary tuberculosis, resulting from activation of a prior Ghon complex, with spread to a new pulmonary site
3d
multi
Tuberculosis, at one time a frequent hazard in the United States, is now relatively uncommon except in immunocompromised individuals Primary tuberculosis is the initial infection by M. tuberculosis, and is restricted to the primary, or Ghon complex. Cavitation and selective localization to the pulmonary apices are char...
Pathology
Systemic Pathology
c64c814f-65c9-463c-8347-019930f801ae
Routine spirometry can't estimatea) FRCb) VCc) RVd) ERVe) FEV1
a
bc
ad
ac
3d
single
Direct measurement can be done by Spirometry for -        TV, IRV, ERV, VC, Forced vital capacity, FEV1 Direct measurement by spirometry cannot be done for   -        RV, FRC, TLC
Physiology
null
178f2a2f-ecac-46c2-86d7-6e2f852c1032
IgE receptors are present on
Mast cells
NK cells
B cells
Histiocytes
0a
single
Ref Robbins 9/e p201 Type 1 hypersensitivity is a rapid immunological reaction occuring in a previously sensitized individual that is triggered by the binding of an antigen to IgE antibody on the surface of mast cells
Anatomy
General anatomy
9dc8a790-7e4d-48d4-9216-82ec896e492a
In obstructive lung all are true EXCEPT
Residual volume normal
FEV decrease
FEV1/FVC decreases
Vital capacity normal
0a
multi
Residual volume normal REF: Harrison's Internal Medicine 17th ed> Chapter 246. Disturbances of Respiratory Function See APPENDIX-53 for "OBSTRUCTIVE VS RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE"
Surgery
null
d028bfc8-59a3-4438-8af7-7393ea6cb4ab
A 25 years old female comes to your clinic for evaluation of infertility. A hysterosalpingogram reveals Asherman's syndrome. What symptoms will the patient have?
Menorrhagia
Oligomenorrhea
Polymenorrhea
Hypomenorrhea
3d
single
Ans. is d, i.e. HypomenorrheaThe typical presenting symptom in adenomyosis is hypomenorrhea, i.e. less blood loss during menstruation.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Endometriosis and Infertility
871d4d9d-3de3-40f7-bbef-0ab4f14ebebf
All of the following conditions are known to cause diabetes insipidus except-
Multiple sclerosis
Head injury
Histiocytosis
Viral encephalitis
0a
multi
Causes of Central Diabetes insipidus Causes of Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus Multiple sclerosis causes primary polydipsia ( Harrison 17 pg 2218 ) Ref image - pumed.com , researchgate.net
Medicine
Endocrinology
ea1876b9-ce5a-4245-bc91-24680ec6181b
Daily requirement of vitamin D in children is
1 microgram
2.5 microgram
10 IU
50-100 microgram
0a
single
Vitamins.
Biochemistry
null
e19e8067-5150-44e7-b113-1fc5322ecdd7
Which of the following lipoproteins has highest protein content ?
VLDL
LDL
HDL
Chylomicrons
2c
single
HDL has highest protein content Lipoproteins Density relation Chylomicrons Chylomicrons remnant VLDL VLDL remnant / IDL LDL HDL Density [?] 1/TG Content Density [?] 1/size of LP Density [?] % of Proteins Since, HDL is maximum in density and Density [?] % of Proteins.
Biochemistry
Lipoproteins
ec2ef1de-05e1-4bd6-bd26-de89cb411383
What causes mallet finger?
Extensor tendon rupture
Bony avulsion of distal phalanx at the extensor tendon
Strain and subsequent stretching of the extensor tendon
All the above
3d
multi
Mallet finger: A finger flexed at the DIP joint due to avulsion or rupture of extensor tendon at the base of the distal phalanx. Mallet finger occur due to forced flextion of the finger tip. Hyper- extension splint is the treatment for atleast 6-8 weeks.
Orthopaedics
Fracture Management
c87acac5-eaae-41d1-b3f6-8351538141a6
Acantholysis means
Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia
Loss of intercellular connections
Intercellular edema of the epidermis.
Abnormal keratinization
1b
single
Answer is option 2, loss of intercellular connections We performed scanning electron microscopy of an inveed blister roof in a case of pemphigus foliaceus. The loss of intercellular adherence could be easily seen with low magnification. The acantholytic keratinocytes displayed an irregular and sometimes polygonal conto...
Pathology
Endocrinology
9a80c649-3f64-40dd-ba66-55f2bc37ee19
Flask shaped undermined ulcers in rectosigmoid area are seen in
Amoebiasis
Typhoid
Tuberculosis
Hydatid disease
0a
single
Most amoebic ulcers occur in the rectosigmoid. On sigmoidoscopy shallow skip lesions and 'flaskshaped' or 'collar-stud' undermined ulcers may be seen and can be biopsied or scrapings can be taken along with mucus for immediate microscopic examination. The presence of trophozoites distinguishes the condition from ulcera...
Surgery
General surgery
f4209985-c881-4a5e-8469-1b1535a93b8b
Eukaryotic plasma membrane is made up of all except
Carbohydbrates
Triglycerides
Lecithin
Cholesterol
1b
multi
PLASMA MEMBRANE 1. The plasma membrane separates the cell from the external environment. It has highly selective permeability propeies so that the entry and exit of compounds are regulated. The cellular metabolism is in turn influenced and probably regulated by the membrane. The membrane is metabolically very active. 2...
Biochemistry
Metabolism of lipid
1a21fa71-fbb7-4b22-9313-de9e66c6c163
Mr Chaturvedi a 70-year-old man comes to casualty with urinary retention and back pain. Which investigation should be performed -
Serum acid phosphatase
Serum Calcium
Serum alkaline phosphatase
Serum electrophoresis
0a
single
This pt. is suspected to have Ca Prostate as Prostatic Ca is the most common malignant tumor in men over 65 yrs. of age. Symptoms of Bladder outlet obstruction and back pains (due to bony metastasis in the pelvis & lumbar vertebra) indicate towards prostate Ca. Serum acid phosphates is a tumor marker of prostate Ca. Bu...
Surgery
null
f3e182d1-d514-4f52-bede-40dc3dccb820
All of the following structures come in relation with the urethral crest which is situated in the prostatic pa of the urethra, EXCEPT?
Ejaculatory ducts
Prostatic utricle
Prostatic sinus
Colliculus seminalis
2c
multi
Urethral crest is a midline longitudinal ridge on the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra. Prostatic sinus is a groove on each side of urethral crest. About 15-20 prostatic ducts open into the prostatic sinus to pour secretion of prostate into the urethra.Colliculus seminalis is an elevation at the middle of urethr...
Anatomy
null
cfa8807c-fcc7-4b6a-8314-781659ad1797
Hereditary spherocytosis is best tretaed with
Splenectomy
Immunoglobulns
Steroids
Blood transfusion
0a
single
Treatment of choice for hereditary spherocytosis is splenectomy especially in case of severe hemolysis,done after 6 years of age. The treatment of hereditary spherosytosis (HS) is dependent on the severity of the condition and recommendations vary a bit in the medical literature. In general, folate therapy (a type of v...
Pediatrics
Hematology
997ade42-f9ba-4303-9f15-37f9b1a48a85
Crista terminalis is present in ?
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle
2c
single
Crista terminalis (divides the right atrium into anterior and posterior pa) is a ridge of smooth muscle fibers extending from the SVC to valve of IVC. It is developed from embryonic right venous valve and is represented on the surface by sulcus terminalis.
Anatomy
null
54b2ddac-2be4-4be7-b7b0-84610278bbf2
False about Corona viruses?
Corona viruses are non-enveloped
Spreads by coughing and sneezing
Most of them infect animals and birds
Human infection is rare
0a
multi
Corona viruses are enveloped.
Microbiology
null
2b9cb717-15c9-418e-a76c-5ab9db7579d1
Commonest intracranial tumour is?
Astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Meningioma
Secondaries
3d
single
More than one-quaer of the CNS tumors are secondary metastases arising in patients undergoing treatment for systemic cancer. Both benign and malignant CNS tumors are capable of producing neurologic impairment depending upon their site. Primary CNS tumors or intracranial tumors include :- tumors arising from constituent...
Pathology
Nervous system
041a9d99-6571-4bc5-bcca-f28b56a50bdb
Barrett's oesophagus shows
Intestinal dysplasia
Intestinal metaplasia
Columnar cell metaplasia
Columnar cell dysplasia
1b
single
Barrett oesophagus is a complication of chronic GERD that is characterised by intestinal metaplasia within the esophagal squamous mucosa
Anatomy
G.I.T
56881cdb-6f21-4814-81c5-593163f4b978
Which of the following does not occur in lysosomal storage disorders:
Increased number and size of lysosomes
Accumulation of the polyubiquinated proteins
No neurological deficit
Apoptosis defects
2c
single
Lysosomal storage disorders : Inborn diseases due to lack or inactivity of lysosomal hydrolases, transpoers or integral membrane proteins. Have severe neurological abnormalities. Large vacuoles and ubiquitinated aggregates, promoting degradation and induction of lysosome biogenesis. Defects in apoptosis. Substrate accu...
Biochemistry
Miscellaneous
433ddd32-7238-41ff-a8f8-6729f5a6697f
The EEG rhythm having lowest frequency is-
Alpha
Beta
Delta
Theta
2c
single
Ans. C. DeltaThe various types of EEG waveforms are depicted below-
Physiology
Sleep Physiology
a880cd0d-aeb8-48ae-9792-4c3a75a9c81a
What is electrical storm?
> 3 episodes of ventricular tachycardia within 24 hours
> 3 episodes of atrial tachycardia within 24 hours
Electromechanical dissociation
Electrical alternans
0a
single
Electrical storm: Condition in which patient develops recurrent V. tachycardia. Cut off >3 episodes of V.T within 24 hrs. Option C: Electromechanical Dissociation: Terminology used to describe rupture hea which causes pulseless BP|| Option D: Electrical alternans- Variations in QRS amplitude in conditions - C. tamponad...
Medicine
Murmurs
b7d72f2b-0dbf-4d2e-8dab-9dce16e93339
Most common site of osteomas among the paranasal sinuses is?
Maxillary
Frontal
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
1b
single
ANSWER: (B) FrontalREF: Dhingra's 4th ed p. 195Repeat ENT December 2011See APPENDIX-49 "PARANASAL SINUSES" APPENDIX - 49Paranasal Sinuses:Paranasalsinus(PNS)Status at birth1stRadiologicalEvidenceBestradiologicalviewAdult sizeDrains intoCommentsMaxillaryPresent4-5 monthsWaters'view/Ocdpitomental/nose-chinposition15 year...
ENT
Nose and PNS
e8781a28-b5cc-44ab-a0ae-dbcb3f60bb0a
Which of the following is not true regarding tubercular osteomyelitis
It is secondary to TB
Periosteal reaction is seen
Sequestrum is uncommon
inflammation is minimum
1b
multi
peiosteal reaction is usually not seen in tubercular osteomyelitis. Tuberculous osteomyelitis * Bone Tuberculosis * Hematogenous spread of organisms from an active focus of tuberculosis : -- lung (common) -- mediastinal or aoic lymph nodes -- kidney -- bowel * Most common in children&youngs * The veebrae and the long b...
Anatomy
Skeletal infections
22ccfc63-1a08-47db-9b75-fa0e926c04c1
Imatinib primarily acts by inhibiting:
BCR-ABL
Tyrosine kinase
PGDFR
None
1b
multi
Ans. (B) Tyrosine kinase(Ref: KDT 8th/e p929)Imatinib inhibits tyrosine kinase linked withabl-bcr fusionPDGF receptorc-kit receptor
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy: General Principles
84cd88f1-d037-468b-8b70-fa356ed0c34d
All are true regarding typhoid ulcer EXCEPT: September 2012
Ileum is the common site
Bleeding is common
Stricture is usual and causes obstruction
Perforation is common
2c
multi
C i.e. Stricture is common and causes obstruction Typhoid ulcers Longitudinal, Ulceration of Peyer's patches, Stricture is rare
Medicine
null
2f58970a-51cc-49d7-9261-6814a98b1371
Drug of choice for maintenance therapy in PSVT is-
Amiodarone
Lignocaine
Verapamil
Adenosine
2c
single
Ans. is c' i.e., Verapamilo Amongst the options provided Verapamil is the drug of choice for maintenance therapy in pateints with PSVT.Treatment options for Supraventricular Tachycardiao Physiologic interventionRestValsalva maneuvers : Gag reflex, ice packs, etcCarotid massageAvoidance of inciting factors : Caffeine, t...
Medicine
Drugs
d1f27425-1f7e-4495-a29c-8e8cb7016503
All are true regarding prazosin, EXCEPT :
First dose effect
Impaired glucose tolerance
Selective alpha-1 blocker
Is an antihypertensive drug
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' Impaired glucose tolerance * "Prazosin improves the carbohydrate metabolism.It also improves lipid profile lower LDL, increase HDL"
Pharmacology
Anti Adrenergic System
32148ee8-1826-416d-a78d-a82f419abbcf
A pregnant female infected with Rubella. Which of the following immunoglobulin is produced by in-utero infection?
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgD
2c
single
IgM is the main immunoglobulin produced early in the primary immune response. IgM is present on the surface of viually all uncommitted B cells. It is the most efficient immunoglobulin in agglutination, complement fixation, and other antigen-antibody reactions and is impoant also in defense against bacteria and viruses....
Microbiology
null
3ef88292-3299-42e9-a35e-e4455e5b9b89
Brain death indicated by suppression of reflexes all except -
Oculovestibular
Corneal
Pharyngeal
Patellar tendon
3d
multi
Irreversible coma with abolition of CNS activity in brain death is evidenced by absence of pupillary, corneal, oculovestibular and pharyngeal reflexes. Dr. Narayana Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 27th edition pg.66,67
Forensic Medicine
Death and postmortem changes
5dedc621-eddc-412e-b88b-dbe5103ba920
Most common cause of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia is
Sarcoidosis
Organizing pneumonia
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Lipoid pneumonia
2c
single
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.It is characterised by exeional dyspnea,non productive cough,inspiratory crackles with or without digital clubbing.HRCT show patchy,predominantly basilar,subpleural reticular opacities,traction bronchiectasis and honeycombing.Pul...
Medicine
Respiratory system
6b183c7a-bbad-406a-8b9b-d94aca7b94d3
Methotrexate should be given with which of the following to decrease its side effects?
Folic acid
Cyanocobalamin
Thiamine
Folinic acid
3d
single
Ans. d (Folinic acid). (Ref. Harrison 18th/Chapter 326. The Vasculitis Syndromes)To lessen toxicity, methotrexate is often given together with folic acid, 1 mg daily, or folinic acid, 5-10 mg once a week 24h following methotrexate.METHOTREXATE# acts by inhibiting hydrofolate reductase - blocking the conversion of dihyd...
Pharmacology
Anti-Cancer
f4485a97-3989-4244-8f36-d03f8ee60439
The cytochrome involved in monooxygenase mediated detoxification of drugs is:
Cyt P 300
Cyt P 400
Cyt P 450
Cyt P 480
2c
single
Cyt P 450
Biochemistry
null
2583f6c8-6688-41ea-b666-a8ed1ae5de73
All are seen in multiple myeloma EXCEPT:
Visual disturbance
Bleeding tendency
Proteinuria
Dystrophic calcification
3d
multi
Dystrophic calcification REF: Harrison's 17th ed p. 702 CLINICAL FEATURES OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA: Increase in number of osteoclasts due to proliferation of plasma cells * * * * * Lytic lesions Bone pains Pathological fractures Cord compression Hypercalcemia leading to metastatic calcification and osteoporosis Suppression ...
Surgery
null
bbb62356-6488-4a31-a3c7-6dbd18202e52
Cytochrome Oxidase is a
Hemoprotein
Flavin mononucleotide
Flavin adenine dinucleotide
flavin adenine trinucleotide
0a
single
Cytochrome oxidase is a hemoprotein widely distributed in many tissues, having the typical heme prosthetic group present in myoglobin, hemoglobin, and other cytochromes.Ref: Harper Biochemistry; 30th edition; Chapter 12; Biologic Oxidation
Biochemistry
Metabolism of carbohydrate
18c354de-6cbc-4156-a313-3dd3b9b4cae7
Poo-systemic shunt is not seen in which of the following abdominal structures?
Liver
Spleen
Anorectum
Gastro Esophageal
1b
single
Poosystemic shunts occur at sites where the poal system veins anastomose with systemic veins. These are alternative routes of blood flow during poal obstruction. Spleen is not known to have poosystemic shunts.Ref: Human Anatomy, B D Chaurasia, 4th Edition, Volume 2, Chapter 21, Page 270, 271; Textbook of Anatomy with C...
Anatomy
null
c55027ec-25eb-4cbb-a872-059f0062b4cb
Isolated systolic hypeension is defined as:
SBP>140, DBP<90
SBP>140, DBP<80
SBP>150, DBP<90
SBP>150, DBP<90
0a
single
Isolated systolic hypeension is defined as systolic BP greater than 140 and diastolic BP less than 90. Ref: Park 21st edition, page 344.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
9bd16030-a17d-4994-b5f7-90e1cd36f093
Athlete's foot is caused by?
Candida
Madurella
Actinomycosis
Dermatophytes
3d
single
Tinea pedis is a dermatophyte infection of feet and is also referred as Athlete's foot. Tenia pedis T. Rubrum most common Dull erythema with scales. Diagnosis: KOH exam - Thick scale, no leading edge Rx: Dry Feet Don't wear the same shoes everyday, Absorbent powders Rx Scale- keratolytic agents- Salicylic acid Topical:...
Dental
Fungal infections
b7297ddd-e12e-48ee-b715-693836b03fd2
Superior oblique muscle performs action of:
Intoion
Extoion
Elevation
Medial rotation
0a
single
A i.e. Intoion
Ophthalmology
null
529e6197-7f47-4adc-b736-0b6fcc739840
Spalding's sign is seen in
Drowning
Mummification
Adipocere
Maceration
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e. Maceration Spalding's sign Overriding of the cranial bones on one another, due to liquefaction of brain matter and softening of the ligamentous structures supporting the vault. It usually appears 7 days after death. It is a sign of Maceration in a dead-born child. Still Stillbornad-born child Still bor...
Forensic Medicine
Identification of Dead and Mass Disaster
729f74db-2dd5-4f7e-934e-432ecc8a21e1
Window period in HIV is defined as
Period between onset of infection and clinically detectable level of antibodies
Period between infection and appearance of symptoms
Time between HIV positivity to AIDS
CD4 count < 200
0a
multi
Window period                                                                        The time period between primary infection and detection of antibodies is called window period. Traditional methods used in the diagnosis of HIV such as (ELISA and western blot) are based on the detection of these antibodies i.e., thes...
Medicine
null
c8d81139-4aa9-41f0-aa36-1f0a7cd33351
A women at 8 months of pregnancy complains of abdominal pain and slight vaginal bleed. On examination the uterine size is above the expected date with absent fetal heart sounds. The diagnosis:
Hydramnios
Concealed hemorrhage
Active labour
Uterine rupture
1b
multi
Let’s analyse all options separately to see which suits the best.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
b63f0817-98c6-4192-be1c-7f131789c87b
Most dangerous type of diptheria:
Facial
Laryngeal
Nasal
Cutaneous
1b
single
Ans. is. 'b' i. e. Laryngeal
Microbiology
null
1bd56cd7-34c1-4966-816d-c13749041a25
Creola bodies are seen in
A. Bronchial asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Bronchiectasis
0a
single
Refer ribbons 9/e p682 Creola bodies are a histopathologic finding indicative of asthma. Found in a patient's sputum, they are ciliated columnar cells sloughed from the bronchial mucosa of a patient with asthma. Other common findings in the sputum of asthma patients include Charcot-Leyden crystals, Curschmann's Spirals...
Anatomy
Respiratory system
91fbddec-2163-49ab-b53e-27ccb4884e75
Human placenta is ?
Discoid
Hemochorial
Deciduate
All the above
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the aboveThe human placenta is :Discoid, because of its shape.Hemochorial, because of direct contact of the chorion with the maternal blood andDeciduate, because some maternal tissue is shed at paurition.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
26a93987-a08d-462b-8d18-0576e0e0e5d4
Life span of neonatal RBC ?
60-90 days
90-120 days
120-150 days
150-200 days
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 60-90 days
Physiology
null
87008fff-ad2b-41d9-9e44-89ee14544487
Fatal familial insomia is associated with -
Prion disease
Degeneration disease
Neoplastic disease
Vascular disease
0a
single
fatal familial inaomnia is a human prion disease REF:ANATHANARAYANAN MICROBIOLOGY NINTH EDITION PAGE.557
Microbiology
Virology
f4ffa1be-4fee-4705-a44e-2ba9f52e368a
A 4 years old child suffered from a fall on outstretched hand. X rays revealed a fracture with the fracture line at the physes with a small metaphyseal fragment. There was no epiphyseal fracture. What type of injury by Salter harris Classification is this?
I
II
III
IV
1b
multi
Type II: the fracture involves the physis and a triangle of metaphyseal bone (Thurston Holland sign). This is the commonest type of epiphyseal injury accounting for 73 percent of cases over 10 years of age.(Refer: Mohindra's Fundamentals of Ohopedics, 2nd edition, pg no. 510)
Orthopaedics
All India exam
6c9d51cb-e0e6-4b71-ac3d-5abcf3ce6a9c
An example for gain of function mutation is?
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Ehler danlos syndrome
Marfan syndrome
Huntington's disease
3d
single
Ans. (d) Huntington's diseaseIn Huntington disease, the trinucleotide repeat mutation affecting the Huntington gene gives rise to an abnormal protein, called huntingtin, that is toxic to neurons causing neurologic deficit
Pathology
Genetics
c32b231a-bed5-4aa9-8c74-ae4381431e6b
Colour code of oxygen cylinder is
Black cylinder with white shoulders
Black cylinder with grey shoulders
White cylinder with black shoulders
Grey cylinder with white shoulders
0a
single
Color coding of cylinders is introduced to prevent accidental misplacement of cylinders.
Anaesthesia
Fundamental concepts
e009a61b-b2a0-4205-ab95-b026ed0f47c3
Elimination of leprosy is define as prevalence -
< 1 per 1000
< 1 per 10000
< 1 per 1 lakh
< 1 per 100
1b
single
<p> Prevalence <1 per 10,000. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,22nd edition,page no:288. <\p>
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable diseases
41585522-f8c5-4f30-b48e-a37af93c0819
Solid and largest lymphatic organ of the body is
Spleen
Thymus
Lymph node
Liver
0a
single
(A) Spleen# Largest lymphatic organ in the human body is the spleen.> Primary function of the spleen is to purify the blood and store blood cells. It helps the immune system identify and combat foreign antibodies.> The spleen consists of white pulp and red pulp. The white pulp generates blood cells and synthesizes anti...
Anatomy
Misc.
4a10bf7d-70a5-4670-9c77-6e85e1cf3393
All of the following are indications for tonsillectomy except-a) Foreign body in tonsilsb) Unilateral enlargement of tonsils with suspected malignancyc) Keratin tonsild) Recurrent quinsy
ac
bc
ad
b
0a
multi
Tonsillectomy Tonsillectomy, as the name suggests, is the surgical procedure to remove the tonsils. Often, tonsillectomy is done at the same time as adenoidectomy. Indications Indications are divided into :- A) Absolute 1.   Recurrent infections of throat. This is the most common indication. Recurrent infections ar...
ENT
null
10919dfe-e40f-43e4-8e85-0a7679238e21
Pegloticase used in which of the following conditions?
Chronic Gout
Psoriatic ahritis
RA
Paralytic Ileus
0a
single
Ans. A. Chronic Gout* Pegloticase is a medication for the treatment of Severe, Treatment - Refractory, Chronic Gout.* It is a third line treatment in those in whom other treatments are not tolerated.* Drug is administered by infusion intravenously.
Pharmacology
null
3e81502d-c351-4e91-9024-f97518784994
Reflex is characterised by all except
Fractionation
Occlusion
Prepotentiation
Minosynaptic
3d
multi
(D) Minosynaptic > The basic unit of integrated reflex activity is the Reflex arc.# Monosynaptic reflexes: Simplest reflex arc is one with a single synapse between afferent & efferent neurons, such arcs are monosynaptic.# Polysynaptic reflexes: Reflex arcs in which one or more interneurons are interposed between the af...
Physiology
Nervous System
e37ddc9d-4152-407f-99fd-418ac90284a1
Safety muscle of larynx is:
Aryepiglotticus
Cricoarytenoid
Thyroarytenoid
Posterior cricoarytenoid
3d
single
Ans. D Posterior cricoarytenoidRef: Dhingra, 5thpg. 300* Posterior cricoarytenoid is the most important muscle of the larynx as it is the only abductor of vocal cord.* Paralysis of posterior cricoarytenoid will lead to adduction of vocal cord, which may lead to dyspnea resulting in death.
Anatomy
Neuroanatomy
81905da9-b211-4446-a7e1-9f957b9a5af2
Which of the following is most likely to be the cause of painful third nerve palsy of sudden onset in a man of 40
Rupture of an infraclinoid aneurysm
Sphenoidal ridge meningioma
Diabetes mellitus neuropathy
Rupture of a supraclinoid aneurysm
3d
single
Ans. Rupture of a supraclinoid aneurysm
Ophthalmology
null
ff8ff831-0e4b-4fc5-b578-a7574ebc785c
A 63-year-old woman with chronic bronchitis presents with shortness of breath. A chest X-ray reveals a 2-cm "coin lesion" in the upper lobe of the left lung. A CT-guided lung biopsy is obtained. Which of the following describes the histologic features of this lesion if the diagnosis is hamartoma?
Benign neoplasm of epithelial origin
Disorganized normal tissue
Ectopic islands of normal tissue
Granulation tissue
1b
single
Localized, disordered differentiation during embryonic development results in a hamartoma, a disorganized caricature of normal tissue components. Such tumors, which are not strictly neoplasms, contain varying combinations of cartilage, ducts or bronchi, connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphoid tissue. Ectopic isl...
Pathology
Neoplasia
7b9c789b-be1a-4046-9d3d-525cb8530008
Implosion therapy mainly comprises of
HOME.
Humor.
Relaxation.
All of the above.
0a
multi
Implosion therapy mainly comprises of HOME, voice control and physical restraints
Dental
null
66d429a8-bc0f-4e22-a738-68ecfb8f1c3f
Drug that can be safely used in first trimester of pregnancy for treatment of malaria is:
Quinine
Aemether
Both of the above
None of the above
0a
multi
According to current WHO guidelines, ACT (Aemesin combination therapy)s can be given in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. The recommended treatment in the first trimester of pregnancy is quinine. Ref:
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
4fa8a17f-d47f-4294-ac4a-55376fe5ade8
Mechanism which is responsible for gentamicin ototoxicity is:
Accumulation of drug metabolites.
Direct hair cell toxicity.
Inhibition of Na-K ATPase channels.
All of the above.
1b
multi
Ototoxicity involves progressive and irreversible damage to, and eventually destruction of, the sensory cells in the cochlea and vestibular organ of the ear.
Pharmacology
null
de59ecf5-a72b-4d9f-b0d9-fe7b36b23f26
Pulmonary tuberculosis is more common in following associated diseases except -
Acquired Immune Deficiencies syndrome
Diabetes
Chronic renal failure
Mitral stenosis
3d
multi
Risk factors for active tuberculosis among persons who have been infected with Tubercle bacilli include comorbidities like HIV infection(relative risk of 21-30),chronic renal failure(10-25),diabetes(2-4),silicosis(30),IV drug use(10-30),immunosuppressive treatment(10),gastrectomy(2-5),jejunoileal bypass(30-60),posttran...
Medicine
Respiratory system
30eeb9eb-03ea-40a9-8806-384410462072
A 35-year-old pregnant female at 40 weeks gestational age presents with pain and regular uterine contractions every 4-5 min. ON arrival, the patient is in a lot of pain and requesting relief immediately. Her cervix is 5 cm dilated. What is the most appropriate method of pain control for this patient?
Intramuscular morphine
Pudendal block
Local block
Epidural block
3d
single
Ans. is d, i.e. Epidural blockRef Williams 24/e, p 513When complete relief of pain is needed throughout labor, epidural analgesia is safest and simplest.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Normal Labour
9e54515d-ef43-42ae-980f-b108d067a136
Which of the following chest x-ray finding is a common feature of ARDS and cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
Cardiomegaly
Pleural effusions
Pulmonary vascular redistribution
Alveolar and interstitial opacities
3d
single
In ARDS, the chest radiograph usually reveals alveolar and interstitial opacities involving at least three-quaers of the lung fields. While characteristic for ARDS, these radiographic findings are not specific and can be indistinguishable from cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Unlike the latter, however, the chest x-ray in ...
Radiology
Cardiovascular Radiology
e724cb7e-6dc0-44fa-aefb-f005dbce38c4
Jelly belly is associated with all conditions, EXCEPT:
Cystadenoma of the appendix
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
Colorectal mucinous cancer
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm pancreas
3d
multi
In reality the pseudomyxoma peritonei or "jelly belly" probably represents mucinous ascites, in association with a cystadenoma of the appendix (resulting in true PMP); to frank mucinous adenocarcinoma. Additionally intestinal mucinous tumours, paicularly colorectal cancers, or any mucinous neoplasm may present with cli...
Surgery
null
c3b5753f-e4d7-4b40-83f1-11eefe2627e1
Mechanism of action of Latanoprost in glaucoma is -
Increase uveoscleral flow of aqueous
Trabecular absorption is increased
Decreases aqueous formation
All of the above
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Increase the uveoscleral flow of aqueous Drugs used in open-angle glaucoma Mechanism Methods of Administration Cholinomimetics Pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, echothiophate, demecarium Ciliary muscle contraction, opening of the trabecular meshwork, increased outflow Topical drops of gel; plasti...
Pharmacology
A.N.S.
1828f662-9a8a-479b-8776-42c1fa5b4c87
Birbereck granules in cytoplasm are seen in-
Mast cells
Langerhan's cells
Thrombocytes
Myelocytes
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Langerhan's cells
Pathology
Histo Pathology
94dd0108-2e1e-47f6-b677-a9af92698312
Hypehyroid state is characterized by
Increased protein synthesis
Decreased glycolysis
Lipolysis
Increased cholestrol
2c
single
People with hypothyroidism often have no or only mild symptoms. Numerous symptoms and signs are associated with hypothyroidism, and can be related to the underlying cause, or a direct effect of having not enough thyroid hormones. Hashimoto's thyroiditis may present with the mass effect of a goiter (enlarged thyroid gla...
Physiology
Endocrinology
d63245c1-818c-4853-9f55-5646ffac2b4d
A burn patient is referred when -a) 10% superficial burn in childb) Scald in facec) 25% superficial burn in adultd) 25% deep burn in adulte) Burn in palm
abc
ade
ace
bde
3d
single
The American Burn Association (ABA) has identified the following injuries as those requiring referral to a burn center after initial assessment & stabilization at an emergency department: Burns referred to burn centre Partial-thickness burns greater than 10% TBSA Burns involving the face, hands, feet, genitalia, peri...
Surgery
null
6c4091f0-43c1-49e4-be4b-4c78cd7216de
A young couple hiking in a wilderness area discovered the body of a man apparently in his 20s. He appeared to have been dead a few days, but animal predation was minimal. A postmortem examination was performed by the county medical examiner, and no evidence of penetrating wounds (bullet, lacerations, etc.) was found. A...
Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
A fall from a height that resulted in fatal in ternal bleeding
Subdural hematoma
Strangulation
3d
multi
A fractured hyoid bone is evidence of strangulation. A fall from a height and subdural hematoma would likely be accompanied by fractured bones. Whereas myocardial infarction or poison remain possibilities, the medical examiner would have a high index of suspicion for strangulation because of the fractured hyoid bone.
Anatomy
Head & Neck
9b4c3696-12fb-4372-83ae-3e10f6034115
Most common type of human papilloma virus causing Ca cervix are:
16 and 18
1 and 33
6 and 11
2 and 14
0a
single
It is now established that HPV plays a major role in cervical carcinogenesis. Among the various genotypes (more than 100) the Genotype of HPV which is: Most commonly associated with squamous cell carcinoma cervix - HPV 16 Most common genotype associated with adenocarcinoma of cervix - HPV 18 Overall MC genotype associ...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
85935573-c531-4eee-817e-633c6aa1a057
A 75 year old lady with fracture neck of femur presents with two days history of altered sensorium and decreased urinary output. Serum calcium is 15.5 mg dl, Urea is 140 mg/dl, Creatinine is 2 mg/d1. All of the following are useful for immediate management of Hypercalcemia, Except:
Normal saline
Furosemide
Dialysis
Bisphosphonates
3d
multi
Answer is D (Bisphosphonates): Bisphosphonates have a delayed onset of action beginning after days and are not recommended in patients with renal failure. Bisphosphonates is the single best answer by exclusion.
Medicine
null
5b956614-2df7-4084-91a4-37f71b18ce00
Disulfiram is a type of
Aversion therapy
Anticraving therapy
Detoxification
Opioid management therapy
0a
single
Disulfiram inhibits Aldehyde dehyrogenase enzyme and leads to accumulation of Acetaldehyde resulting in aversive symptoms.
Psychiatry
null
e36250c1-c8a1-45f4-974c-c57b5f992551
All true about cephalosporins EXCEPT:
Ceftazimide is a 3rd generation cephalosporin
Cefoperzone has got antipseudomonal effect.
Cefoxitin has got no activity against anaerobes
Cephalosporins act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis
2c
multi
This 2nd generation cephalosporin was developed subsequent to the first generation compounds and are more active against gram-negative organisms, anaerobes, but none inhibits P. aeruginosa ESSENTISLS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
5e43a104-3838-4954-bea7-5a52c7647e3e
what is likely diagnosis of following CXR?
TOF
TAPVC
VSD
ASD
0a
single
Tetralogy of fallot Commonest cyanotic congenital hea disease in children above the age of two years constituting almost 75 % of all blue patients. Four constituents of tetra logy as described originally by Fallot consist of :- * 1. Ventricular septa! defect (VSD) # 2. Pulmonic stenosis # 3. overriding or dextroposed a...
Medicine
All India exam
ac06f54b-3b71-41f1-aa1a-8034f96286db
The following are true about EBV except -
A member of herpes virus family
Infects epithelial cells of pharynx
The main target of virus is the T-cell lymphocytes
It is complicated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
2c
multi
The EB virus enters the pharyngeal epithelial cells through CD 21 receptors. It multiplies locally invades the bloodstream and infect B cells. REF:ANATHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 8TH EDITION PAGE NO:475
Microbiology
Virology
8b99c840-a443-41ff-9f13-78a24d2317f4
50 year old male with positive family history of prostate cancer has come to you for a screening test. Which is the most sensitive screening test to pickup prostate cancer ?
DRE
PSA
DRE + PSA
Endorectal Coil MPJ with T, W and T2W images
2c
single
The combination of digital rectal examination and PSA levels are the most sensitive screening test to pick up prostate cancer. Diagnosis of prostate cancer is based on symptoms, an abnormal DRE, a change or an elevated serum PSA levels. Ref: Harrison's Principles Of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition, PAge 544, 545/ 18th ...
Surgery
null
602f5907-9606-482d-b1bf-103c15de02cc
A 30-year-old hospitalized patient with an intravenous (IV) catheter developed fever and systemic infection. The source of the infection was bacteria that contaminated the catheter during its insertion. The IV catheter had to be removed because the bacteria grew within the catheter forming a biofilm. Biofilm developmen...
Endotoxin
Periplasm
Polysaccharides
Porins
2c
single
Pathogenic bacteria such as the gram-negative bacillus Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the gram-positive coccus Staphylococcus aureus colonize the surface of certain surgical appliances such as artificial heart valves and catheters. Multiple layers of the colonizing bacteria surround themselves with a polysaccharide (c) mat...
Microbiology
General
fda115fe-9e0c-4d4d-8631-bcce12685d33
Chronic simple glaucoma features are :
Raised IOP with no optic nerve damage.
Raised IOP with optic nerve damage.
Perimetric damage with no optic nerve changes.
Pink disc.
1b
single
Glaucoma definition is CHRONIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY with characteristic visual field changes with IOP increased as major but not the only risk factor. B is correct as raised IOP is the most impoant preventable risk factor. A is wrong as there is no optic nerve damage. This condition is called ocular hypeension. C is wrong ...
Ophthalmology
Glaucoma
eabf71c1-20f8-4649-8351-84b9f4974821
All are anticraving agent for alcohol except ?
Lorazepam
Naltrexone
Topiramate
Acamprosate
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lorazepam Treatment of alcohol dependence Detoxification (treatment of withdrawal) :- BZDs are the drugs of choice, e.g. chlordiazepoxide (131 choice), Diazepam (2"d choice). Maintenance after detoxification (to prevent relapse and maintenance of abstinence) :? Aversive agents (deferent agents) :- Dis...
Psychiatry
null
be21edfb-6098-4b90-b986-6903121b099f
Which is the most common primary malignant bone tumor?
Osteosarcoma
Osteoclastoma
Secondaries
Multiple myeloma
3d
single
Secondaries are the most common malignant bone tumor. But the most common primary malignant bone tumor is Multiple myeloma..
Pathology
null
a5dd0695-56b7-4ec6-979b-507aa7512e2b
A 80 years old male patient came to neurology OPD with complaint of high grade fever, cognitive decline and behavioural disturbances 5 days back. No history of travelling / contact with any TB patient is seen. NCCT head was done and showed hypodense lesion with edema in left frontal lobe. MRI was done to characterize t...
Pyogenic abscess
Tubercular abscess
Glioblastoma multiforme
Hydatid cyst
0a
single
MR showing a peripheral enhancing lesion in left frontal lobe showing diffusion restriction on DWI/ADC image. MRS is showing lipid lactate peak with amino acids peak. Most likely diagnosis is pyogenic abscess. T1- central low intensity (hyperintense to CSF), peripheral low intensity (vasogenic edema) T2/FLAIR- central ...
Radiology
Radiology Q Bank