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754248f7-7e2d-480f-89c7-f74180902cde
Duration of shade selection should be:
5 second
10 second
15 second
20 second
0a
single
choose 5 sec if question appears in neet. While 10 sec for aiims.
Dental
null
10b4ee79-3547-4d2f-8487-0478f60cd617
The mechanisms by which fluoride increases caries resistance include all of the following except-
Reduction in enamel solubility
Decreased rate of post-eruptive maturation
Interference with plaque microorganisms
Modification in tooth morphology
1b
multi
The benefits of fluoride in the reduction of dental caries have been known for years, but  its  exact  mechanism  of  action  is not completely understood. The mechanisms by which fluoride increases caries resistance may arise from both systemic and topical applications  of  fluoride. A  number  of proposed mechanisms ...
Dental
null
b54b9bb3-afba-44f9-8e96-84f323892b7a
Which aminoacid does not take pa in one carbon transfer reactions?
Alanine
Histidine
Glycine
Serine
0a
single
Reference: Harpers illustrated biochemistry 30th edition
Biochemistry
vitamins
6ab18aa0-3e41-44ec-a14f-2b6cc04edcb3
What is the scale of measurement used in the case of classifying a person as 'hypeensive', 'normotensive', or 'hypotensive'?
Interval scale
Ordinal scale
Nominal scale
Ratio scale
1b
single
In the case of classifying a person as 'hypeensive', 'normotensive', or 'hypotensive', there is a natural sequence in which we can order the categories. This type of measurement which is qualitative and there is a natural order of the categorical data, is called ordinal scale of measurement. Ref: Basic Biostatistics fo...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
ae557d13-9c15-4637-b49a-ee3f5e126369
A 70 year old patient with history of smoking presents with gross painless hematuria. Likely diagnosis is
Uerter stone
Ca. bladder
Ca. prostate
Bladder stone
1b
single
History of smoking, old age and gross hematuria it is likely to be bladder Ca.
Surgery
null
2fb44f45-a7f4-40e9-bb11-8de843735d31
All of the following enzymes involved in heme synthesis are found in the mitochondria, EXCEPT:
Ferrochelatase
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
Coproporphyrinogen oxidase
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
3d
multi
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase which catalyze the conversion of Uroporphyrinogen III to Coproporphyrinogen III is located in the cytoplasm. All the other 3 enzymes ferrochelatase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase and coproporphyrinogen oxidase are found in the cytoplasm. Coproporphyrinogen oxidase catalyze conversion of Copr...
Biochemistry
null
c8452049-3f77-4d1d-9b14-c03026d054f9
Dusky hue of vestibule and ant vaginal wall is
Chadwick sign
Osiandersign
Goodel sign
Hegar sign
0a
multi
Ans. (a) Chadwick sign
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Diagnosis of Pregnancy
de401e39-b54a-4ce8-8a66-ab3e99dfef07
Viruses have various ways of entering the human body and producing disease. Which of the following descriptions accurately describes the route of transmission and target disease for the virus indicated?
Coronavirus: fecal-oral; peptic ulcers
Echovirus: fecal-oral; aseptic meningitis
HIV: respiratory droplet; anemia
Influenza virus: blood-borne; maculopapular rash
1b
single
Echo virus, an enterovirus, is spread via the fecal-oral route and causes aseptic meningitis (b). Coronaviruses (a) are more commonly spread via respiratory droplets and cause the common cold. HIV (c), the causative agent of AIDS, is spread via blood and sexual contact. Influenza virus (d) is spread by respiratory drop...
Microbiology
Virology
620c1d62-2601-4f99-ac73-3f123e037376
Length of external auditory canal is ______________
12 mm
24 mm
36 mm
48 mm
1b
single
Ans. B. 24 mm In adults the external acoustic meatus measures about 24 mm from the introitus to the tympanic membrane, which is its medial limit.
ENT
null
f65002f8-de79-4660-b37b-21fced8653fe
Equinus deformity refers to ?
Inversion of foot
Eversion of foot
Plantar flexion at ankle
Dorsi flexion at ankle
2c
single
Equinus deformity refers to plantar flexion at ankle joint with inability to do dorsi-flexion.It may be either congenital or acquired.Most common cause is contracture of gostracnemius or soleus or both.
Anatomy
null
bac5e3f3-c03f-4276-b687-1b6413f4ad7d
All of the following are true regarding the actions of endothelin-1 except ?
Bronchodilation
Vasoconstriction
Decreased GFR
Has inotrophic effect
0a
multi
Endothelin-1 Potent vasoconstrictor agent Produced by endothelial cells. They are secreted locally and act in a paracrine fashion. Actions of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) Potent vasoconstrictor Platelet activation Inotrophic effect Closure of ductus aeriosus Have a role in the pathogenesis of hypeension, myocardial infarction, ...
Anatomy
General anatomy
711aa833-a2b9-4990-95d7-698f8b90450e
Ideal anaesthetic circuit for spontaneously breathing pediatric patient is:-
Magills circuit
Mapleson D
Jackson rees circuit
Bains circuit
2c
single
Mapelson F or Jackson reevs circuit is circuit of choice for for pediatric in both spontaneous and controlled ventilation. It is a modification of Mapleson E by Jackson Rees and is known as Jackson Rees modification or Mapleson F. It has a 500 ml bag attached to the expiratory limb. This bag helps in respiratory monito...
Anaesthesia
Anesthesia Circuit
53f20437-b062-4ad8-a52a-8d5d51926435
5 HT 1 agonists used as ?(
Anti anxiety drugs
Antipsychotic drugs
GERD
Chemotherapy induced vomiting
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Anti anxiety drugs 5-HT IA agonists (Buspiron, ipsapirone) act as antianxiety drugs.
Pharmacology
null
964818cd-91ca-4c14-9b47-bf2ab6047e0d
Blood transfusion should be completed within _____ hours of initiation -
1- 4 hours
3- 6 hours
4- 8 hours
8- 12 hours
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1-4 hours
Medicine
Transfusion
dad97df3-6f86-4c1f-9d38-0455cebb1e4c
Which of the following induction agent produce cardiac stabilityaEUR'
Ketamine
Etomidate
Propofol
Midazolam
1b
single
Etomidate Effects of Etomidate on cardiovascular system Etomidate has minimal effects on the cardiovascular system. It causes mild reduction in peripheral vascular resistance which may cause a slight decline in aerial blood pressure. Myocardial contractility and cardiac output are usually unchanged. Etomidate does not ...
Anaesthesia
null
e53455ae-0c5e-46bb-a176-a6f2ba9ed32b
The current mode of analgesia best for intrapaum pain relief
Epidural analgesia
Spinal anaesthesia
Inhalational
Local analgesia
0a
single
Continous lumbar epidural analgesia is the procedure of choice for pain relief during normal labour and vaginal delivery (Intrapaum pain)(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no.953-960 )
Anaesthesia
All India exam
3c698fe6-8f61-4d97-9002-fd51297e82c0
The following vaccines can be given to immunocompromized child except?
Recombinant
Subunit
Live attenuated
Killed
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Live attenuated o Live attenuated vaccine cannot be given in immunocompromized because even low virulent vaccine strain (of organism) can cause disease in immunocompromized patient.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
01f23a45-dc7e-4a62-a4be-918c07117e11
Secondary osteosarcoma are associated with
Paget's disease
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Melhoreostosis
Ankylosing spondilitis
0a
single
Answer- A. Paget's diseaseCauses of secondary osteosarcomaPagets DiseaseFibrous dysplasiaEnchondromatosisHereditary multiple exostosisRadiationChronicosteomyelitisBone infarction
Surgery
null
9766371d-36fa-415b-80af-159f6b337f9b
A previously healthy florist presents to the emergency department after vomiting blood in his flower shop. While waiting to be seen he has another episode of hematemesis. What is the most likely cause of his bleeding?
Peptic ulcer disease (stomach or duodenum)
Hiatal hernia
Mallory-Weiss tear
Gastric carcinoma
0a
multi
Peptic ulcer disease is the most common cause of UGI bleeding in patients presenting to the emergency department. Most bleeding ulcers (80%) will stop with conservative measures. A visible vessel seen during endoscopy can have up to a 55% chance of rebleeding. Other causes of bleeding include gastritis, gastric cancer,...
Surgery
Stomach & Duodenum
4ae0f7b6-61e6-4a21-b7d6-879180ea4829
All are immediate causes of death in a case of burn, except -
Suffocation
Embolism
Injury
Sepsis
3d
multi
Suffocation - because of smoke is one of the immediate causes of death Embolism: Pulmonary embolism from thrombosis of veins of the leg due to tissue damage and immobility Injury: severe injury may be one of the reasons for the immediate cause of death Sepsis: occurs after 4to 5 days or longer after burning most impoan...
Forensic Medicine
Thermal injury
7c9ec318-3147-4831-b806-04eff86d3e0f
Xeroradiography is used in... cancer detection.
Stomach
Breast
Colonic
Pancreatic
1b
single
Ans. Breast
Radiology
null
3c1e27b5-6f86-4203-a93b-51ec27e6b8c8
A young patient is diagnosed to have choriocarcinoma the treatment of choice is :
Hysterectomy
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy followed by hysterectomy
Hysterectomy followed by chemotherapy
1b
single
Chemotherapy
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
bb9bc4b9-338c-4596-af61-d50e2a99bd34
The mechanism of action of haloperidol is the blockage of
Serotonin receptor
GABA receptor
Dopamine receptor
Adrenergic receptor
2c
single
(C) Dopamine receptor # Haloperidol, Trifluperidol, Droperidol, Penfluridol are Butyrophenones and act as antipsychotic drugs.> All antipsychotic (except clozapine like) have potent dopamine D2 receptor blocking action.> So, it is clear that Haloperidol act by blocking dopamine receptor.> Uses of haloperidol are in acu...
Pharmacology
C.N.S
78fd87e3-858b-4693-89c9-56cdbf19c3da
In which pathology is this finding present?
Sturge Weber
Neurofibromatosis
Multiple Sclerosis
Tuberous sclerosis
2c
single
Ans. C. Multiple SclerosisThe given image is of Dawson finger sign in MRI brain in Multiple Sclerosis where demyelinating white matter plaques are arranged at right angles to the lateral ventricles.
Radiology
Nervous System
27fdb198-e17c-40d0-a02e-8a5e985f6066
A 16-year-old girl presents with a painfully enlarged lymph node in her right axilla and low grade fever. Peripheral blood counts are within normal limits. The lymph node is biopsied, and numerous granulomas filled with neutrophils and necrotic debris are observed. Which of the following organisms could produce this di...
Baonella henselae
Borrelia burgdorferi
Chlamydia psittaci
Coxiella burnetii
0a
single
Baonella henselae is the infective agent of cat scratch disease, which generally presents as regional lymphadenopathy with or without low fevers and headaches. Baonella is a gram-variable pleomorphic rickettsial organism that is introduced to the skin in a cat bite or scratch. It produces a self-limited granulomatous r...
Microbiology
null
b49a76d7-45ee-400a-ab52-f6b5dd331f11
Maximum absorption of HCO3- occurs in:
PCT
DCT
collecting duct
ascending limb of the loop of Henle
0a
single
Bicarbonate: 80% of bicarbonate reabsorption occurs in the PCT, 10% in thick ascending limb of LOH, and remaining in the DCT and collecting duct. Filtered bicarbonate can be reabsorbed only when it combines with H+.
Physiology
Excretory System (Kidney, Bladder) Acid-Base Balance
6f888876-89bc-4551-b4c1-6e8fd3db665c
What is absent in breast milk ?
Vit K
Vit C
Lactose
Vit A
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Vitamin K o Milks from the mother whose diet is sufficient and properly balanced will supply all the necessary nutrients except fluoride and Vitamin D. o The iron content of human milk is low, but most normal term infants have sufficient iron stores for the first 4-6 months. Human milk iron is well ab...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
ca382dff-94be-4d24-b4d5-e5df32614730
True regarding breath holding spells are all EXCEPT:
Antiepileptic treatment is necessary
Atropine is sometimes used
Attacks of cyanosis can occur
Occurs between 6 months to 5 years age
0a
multi
BREATH HOLDING SPELLS: --> Behavioral problem, usually affects boys b/w 6 months - 3 yrs of age. Results from immaturity of ANS. --> Triggers: Injury, anger, frustration --> Sequence of events is typical: Child first has long cry --> then, holds his breath --> turns blue & limp --> may be followed by tonic & few clonic...
Pediatrics
Epilepsy
4959983e-c271-48e9-83fa-fe909cd8d6c0
Oniomania is related to?
Shopping
Cellular phone use
Internet use
Self mutilation
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Shopping * Oniomania is compulsive buying/shopping.
Psychiatry
Miscellaneous
d67a32ba-af96-4c60-beea-8c5fd2a511d6
Fibroblasts in healing wound are derived from -
Local mesenchyme
Epithelium
Endothelium
Vascular fibrosis
0a
single
Fibroblasts are specialized cells that differentiate from resting mesenchyme cells in connective tissue. They do not arrive in the wound cleft by diapedesis from circulating cells.
Surgery
null
c7e2dfd0-a3e5-4e45-9bd3-63086dce5da4
True about spinal cord:
In adults spinal cord ends at lower border of L1 veebra
In newborn may extend up to L3
Cauda equine extends from lumbar veebra to coccyx
All
3d
multi
A, B, C i.e. In adults spinal cord ends at lower border of Li veebra, In newborn may extend up to L3, Cauda equine extends from lumbar veebra to coccyx
Anatomy
null
d7ea0d55-3596-40e1-8a4c-b7d019c21b97
A 8 month old baby will be able to do which of the following: March 2007
Stable sitting
Pincer grasp
Stands without suppo
Says mama
0a
single
Ans. A: Stable Sitting Pincer grasp is attained by 9-10 months Stands without suppo at 12 months Says mama (bisyllables) at 9 months
Pediatrics
null
325c5e23-f996-4934-b855-580e4e478618
Emperical use of intravenous amphotericin is indicated in -
Candida
Blastomycosis
Non-responding febrile neutropenia
Larva migrans
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Non-responding febrile neutropenia o Empirical use of i. v. AMB is often made in neutropenic patients whose fever is not responding to i. v. bactericidal antibiotics.Amphotericin Bo It is a polyene antifungalo It is derived from streptomyces nodosus.o It is fungicidal at high concentrations and fungis...
Pharmacology
Anti Microbial
03e79e48-12d7-44ad-8e47-7fa8b75c1092
A patient presented to the clinic with deafness and tinnitus in his right ear. On examination he was found to have right sided facial paralysis and loss of taste sensation on the anterior half of the right side of the tongue. Which of the following aery is most likely to be occluded in this patient?
Paramedian aery
Anterior inferior cerebellar aery
Posterior inferior cerebellar aery
None of the above
1b
multi
This patient is showing features of occlusion of anterior inferior cerebellar aery which supplies the structures in the inferior pons such as fibers of the seventh nerve, solitary nucleus and tract and cochlear nuclei. Patients with occlusion of anterior inferior cerebellar aery develops tinnitus, deafness, ipsilateral...
Anatomy
null
6690e4f9-3a19-4cda-bce5-3a6078272228
Which of the following gene is defective in Wilson's disease?
ATP7A
ATP7B
ATP7C
ATP7D
1b
single
Menkes disease Wilson's disease Defective gene & its product ATP7A- ATPase (chromosome) ATP7B (Chromosome 13) Inheritance X-linked recessive Autosomal recessive Pathogenic defect Intestinal absorption of copper Defective biliary excretion of copper Accumulation of copper in liver Spillage into circulation due to liver ...
Biochemistry
Miscellaneous
2daf874a-e2c1-4c60-a66c-22c134c0e38a
The following statement is false regarding Grave's disease
Hyperophy/hyperplasia is due to TSH-RAbs
Cardiac failure is common
Goiter is diffuse and vascular
Remissions and exacerbations are not infrequent
1b
multi
Grave&;s Disease (Diffuse Toxic Goiter)M/C cause of hypehyroidism, caused by stimulatory autoantibodies to TSH-RMore common in females with peak incidence between 40-60 yrsClinical FeaturesHypehyroid symptoms- heat intolerance, increased sweating and thirst, weight loss despite adequate caloric intake.Symptoms of adren...
Pathology
All India exam
89db162c-21b9-417c-bce5-8e0a51eccfa9
About oxidative phosphorylation true is
Generation of ATP's
Generation of ADP's
Utilization of ATP's
Utilization of NADP
0a
multi
In oxidative phosphorylation, ATP is produced by combining ADP and Pi with the energy generated by the flow of electrons from NADH to molecular oxygen in the electron transpo chain. There are three sites in the respiratory chain where ATP is formed by oxidative phosphorylation. These sites have been proved by the free ...
Biochemistry
Respiratory chain
5209d0d7-da15-435b-a0fb-b58a2d274e84
Hard exudates not seen in:
Hypeension
DM
Toxemia of pregnancy
None
2c
multi
C. i.e. Toxemia of pregnancy
Ophthalmology
null
5c8be269-ac4f-4e4f-b387-4302583b5811
Fear to contamination, counting behaviours, and having to check and recheck are features characteristic of
Panic attacks
Agoraphobia
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
2c
single
An obsession is defined as an idea impulse or image which intrudes into the conscious awareness repeatedly, it is recognised as irrational and absurd, the patient tries to resist against it but is unable to, failure to resist leads to marked distress. An obsession is usually associated with compulsion and a compulsion ...
Psychiatry
Anxiety disorders stress disorders and grief
b419cc92-3ee0-49dd-8308-b02e0e2e3f52
Epstein Barr virus is associated with:
Carcinoma larynx
Carcinoma bladder
Carcinoma nasopharynx
Carcinoma maxilla
2c
single
Ans. (c) Carcinoma nasopharynx
Microbiology
null
9dda14d6-e0c8-4971-8043-c33b709051cb
Moality rate is higher among which of the following:
Small intestinal obstruction
Colonic obstruction
Adynamic ileus
Intestinal pseudo obstruction
1b
multi
The moality rate for obstruction of the small intestine is 10%. The moality rate for colonic obstruction is 20%. Adynamic ileus the prognosis is usually good. Ref: Harrison, E-18, P-2515.
Pathology
null
a8c50715-c6bd-4dc4-8ef2-c7b40de5e3d5
In ARDS, which type of respiratory failure occurs?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
0a
single
TYPE I: ACUTE HYPOXEMIC RESPIRATORY FAILUREThis type of respiratory failure occurs with alveolar flooding and subsequent intrapulmonary shunt physiology. Alveolar flooding may be a consequence of pulmonary edema, pneumonia, or alveolar haemorrhage.Type I respiratory failure occurs in clinical settings such as sepsis, g...
Medicine
Respiratory system
157d3475-e72a-49a0-97bf-1c5a228e7564
Left ventricular hyperophy is caused by all except aEUR'
MS
MR
AS
AR
0a
multi
MS Left ventricular hyperophy is enlargement of the muscular tissues of the hea. Left ventricular hyperophy develops in response to some chronic hemodynamic overload resulting either from hypeension or faulty valves. The extra work of adopting to chronic hemodynamic overload leads to hyperophy of the hea i.e. there is ...
Surgery
null
d24e7d12-6289-4243-8186-be0f73a69d7f
A 2 year old child is seen on a routine visit in the pediatric clinic. Abdominal examination demonstrates a palpable, non-tender mass on the left side of the abdomen. The mother had no idea the mass was present and the pediatrician did not note the presence of the mass at the child's 18-month's visit for immunisation. ...
Cords of clear cells with rounded or polygonal shape and abundant clear cytoplasm
Invasive papillary lesions with delicate connective tissue stalk covered with epithelium resembling that lining the bladder.
Small dark cells embedded in a finely fibrillar matrix with formation of numerous rosettes
Triphasic pattern with tubule formation, spindle cells, and blastemal elements
3d
multi
Adequate sampling of most Wilms tumors will detect the three distinct growth patterns that are most characteristic of this tumor: less cellular tumor areas containing spindle cells; densely cellular (blastemal) areas with closely packed small cells with scanty cytoplasm and darkly blue nuclei; and areas with production...
Surgery
null
61326c1b-5548-4d10-9141-000c0114e942
Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is by
Prothrombin
Factor XIII
Thrombin
Kallikrein
2c
multi
Thrombin conves soluble fibrinogen to fibrin monomer Prothrombin is the precursor or thrombin Factor XIII is fibrin stabilization factor Kallikrein activates factor XII Ref: Medical Physiology Indu Khurana 2015 edition page No:154
Physiology
Cardiovascular system
6cc14952-0996-4a65-9f86-be59aca4bf7a
A Wahin's tumour is:
An adenolymphoma of parotid gland
A pleomorphic adenoma of parotid
A carcinoma of the parotid
A carcinoma of submandibular salivary gland
0a
single
Answer is 'a' ie An adenolymphoma of parotid gland Wahin's tumor Is the second most common benign tumor of the parotid gland (151 is pleomorphic adenoma). It consists of both epithelial and lymphoid elements thus known as adenolymphoma (probably arises from remnants of parotid tissue trapped in lymphnodes within the pa...
Surgery
null
55f00124-0031-41b8-8a08-7b3b6452da0a
All of the following are true about Weber's syndrome. Except
Ipsilateral occulomotor nerve palsy
Diplopia
Contralateral hemiplagia
Ipsilateral facial nerve palsy
3d
multi
Answer is D (Ipsilateral facial nerve palsy): Weber's syndrome is `midbrain' syndrome charachterized by Ipsilateral Occulomotor Nerve Palsy (Opthalmoplegia / Diplopia) and Contralateral Hemiplegia. Midbrain Syndromes Symptoms and Signs Structures involved Weber's syndrome * Ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy * Oculomot...
Medicine
null
d96ce999-8976-4c63-bb96-f3d38984c9d9
Which of the following is true regarding Naegleria fowleri is commonly acquired by?
Salt water living
Fresh water living
Sulfur springs
Swimming pool
1b
multi
Naegleria fowleri (brain eating amoeba) infection is commonly acquired by swimming in fresh water pond.Infective form- trophozoitesThey can penetrate the nasal mucosa and cribriform plate to produce a purulent meningitis and encephalitis that are usually rapidly fatal.
Microbiology
JIPMER 2017
7b1ddc21-0d7b-4742-a5c5-63e5c85a48f2
Network analysis is -
Quantitative method
Qualitative method
Health education
None
2c
multi
A network analysis is a graphical plan of all events and activities to be completed inorder to reach an end objective.It brings greater discipline in planning.Two common types of network techniques are PE CPM(refer pgno:872 park 23 rd edition)
Social & Preventive Medicine
Health education & planning
653b9fa6-66fc-4ac4-a3c5-67211323fd1f
Vitamin E deficiency causes all EXCEPT:
Ataxia
Neuropathy
Megaloblastic anemia
Ophthalmoplegia
2c
multi
Deficiency of vitamin E can lead to:- Neurological problems Difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia) Speech (dysahria) Loss of reflexes in the legs (lower limb areflexia) Loss of sensation in the extremities (peripheral neuropathy). Ophthalmoplegia in susceptible persons. Megaloblastic anaemia is caused by deficiency...
Biochemistry
Vitamins and Minerals
da3487db-65d8-4c44-b992-9d0d18da260f
Choose the false statement regarding Hepatitis G virus -
Also called GB virus
Blood Born RNA virus
Mostly infected with C virus
Responds to Lamivudine
3d
multi
HGV is bllod botne vitus&its ptrvelance is higher in patolients infected withHIV&HCV .it is also called GB V REF:MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.550
Microbiology
Virology
26a09f33-22a1-4630-9b77-12d464b51fd7
In normal pressure hydrocephalus, all are seen except-
Convulsion
Ataxia
Dementia
Incontinence
0a
multi
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus is an uncommon syndrome consisting of  an abnormal gait (ataxia or apractic) dementia (usually mild to moderate) urinary incontinence This is a communicating hydrocephalus with patent aqueduct of Sylvius. NPH is presumed to be caused by obstruction to normal flow of CSF over the cerebra...
Surgery
null
b720b68a-23e2-4db7-a6ad-0010c345c7ed
The mother of a one and a half year old child gives history of increasing proptosis of left eye for the past 1 month. Examination revels left eye white reflex. On computed tomography scan of the orbit there is left orbital mass with calcification mainly centred within the globe. The most likely diagnosis is?
Congenital cataract
Retinoblastoma
Endophthalmitis
Coats disease
1b
single
Retinoblastoma: 1 Most common Intraocular tumor of childhood. 2. Malignant primary neoplasm of retina that arises from neuroectodermal cells of retina (pigment layer). 3. May be a congenital lesion that is present but not usually apparent at bih; average age of diagnosis is 13 months. 4. Principle symptom = unilateral ...
Radiology
Neuroradiology
b2ebc0f4-2540-4d6d-8ce2-ebd962938623
Which of the following is derived from 3rd pharyngeal arch?
Cricoid cailage
Thyroid cailage
Lesser cornu of hyoid
Greater cornu of hyoid
3d
single
Lesser cornu of hyoid- 2nd Thyroid cailage- 4th arch Cricoid- 6th arch
Anatomy
All India exam
691e0f16-4a51-4dc9-aa1a-aeb959ee17b4
Gunstock deformity is due to
Fracture of 1st metacarpal bone
Fracture of lower end of radius
Supracondylar fracture of humerus
Lateral condylar fracture of humerus
2c
single
C i.e. Supracondylar fracture humerus
Surgery
null
71f155f0-d4ea-4c58-85ce-204ae36744ce
True about fungal corneal ulcer:
Satellite lesion
Symptoms more than signs
Purulent ulcer
All
0a
multi
A. i.e. Satellite lesion
Ophthalmology
null
0d934b36-56ef-4a14-904d-8c11d727735d
Treatment of congenital hydrocele is
Herniotomy
Excision of sac
Eversion of sac
Jaboilays procedure
0a
single
Congenital hydrocele is due to patent processus vaginalis.  Herniotomy is the option. Infantile hydrocele is treated by excision of sac followed by eversion.
Surgery
null
b5f58d14-22bd-4eef-bedf-5b92f238e8c6
The reference protein is –
Fish
Egg
Rice
Lemon
1b
single
Eggs are used in nutrition studies as a "reference protein" as eggs proteins are considered to be the best among food proteins because of their high biological value and digestibility. So NPU is also high because it is the product of biological value and digestibility coefficient divided by 100.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
5321eb97-d71e-44fb-a70c-bca981a48754
Germ theory of disease was proposed by?
Louis Pasteur
Ronald Ross
Edward jenner
Robert koch
0a
single
Ans. (a) Louis PasteurRef: Park 20/e, p 5, Ananthnarayan 7/e, p 5-7, Jawetz's 24/e, chapter 34
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
727d4332-3230-4518-b430-2aa098b76068
Type E circuit is used for?
Spontaneous ventilation
Controlled ventilation
Children
An used for all of the above indications
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Children * Circuit of choice for spontaneous ventilation in adult - Mapleson A* Circuit of choice for controlled ventilation in adult - Mapleson D (Bain circuit)* Circuit of choice for children - Type F, i.e. Jackson-Rees (first choice) and type E, i.e. Ayre's T piece (second choice)
Anaesthesia
Anaesthetic Equipments
cef8f241-26ea-4929-ad19-092777c422a5
Ring chromosome is a result of?
Deletion
Inversion
Duplication
Translocation
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Deletion Ring chromosomeA ring chromosome is a special form of deletion.It is produced when a break occurs at both ends of a chromo- some with fusion of the damaged ends.If significant genetic material is lost, phenotypic abnormalities result.This might be expressed as 46,XY,r (14).Ring chromosomes do...
Pathology
null
2325b554-bf8c-4c2b-a7c5-a5ea88790a3c
The germ cells are derived from
Yolk sac
Amnion
Germinal epithelium
Allantois
0a
multi
Germ cells developed from yolk sac epiblast(ectoderm). Ref: Human embryology; Inderbir Singh; Tenth edition
Anatomy
General anatomy
7c526780-52af-4f51-948a-85dc8ff0057c
Which of the following is true about Residual volume?
Is a pa of the expiratory reserve volume
Is a pa of vital capacity
Cannot be measured directly with a spirometer
Represents the resting volume of the lungs
2c
multi
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal effo to exhale all the air possible (ie, after your best effo to "empty" your lungs) is the residual volume. This volume cannot be measured directly by a spirometer, which measures only change in volume. Since you cannot voluntarily change your lung volume below ...
Physiology
null
47654f71-1093-422e-85a5-5366ee6c756b
Resting membrane potential is close to the isoelectrical potential of:
Na.
Cl.
K
Mg
1b
single
Resting membrane potential of nerve is -70 mvd/t K channels. And it is equal to equilibrium potential of chloride ion (-70 mv).
Physiology
null
ca9fdd80-8704-4c0d-b37b-a02dc1ccc6b4
In the etiology of endometriosis Sampson's theory is :
Implantation theory
Coelomic metaplasia theory
Metastatic theory
Histogenesis by induction
0a
single
Implantation theory
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
07b10741-91ea-4351-bcb6-dffe3ee03f21
In case of cyanide poisoning, antidote of amyl nitrite is given. This is an example of:
Receptor antagonism
Chemical antagonism
Physical antagonism
Physiological antagonism
1b
single
Cyanide inhibits ETC complex 4 and hence a powerful toxin. In Acute cyanide poisoning Amyl nitrite is given followed by sodium thiosulphate. This is an example of Chemical antagonism i.e. one drug binding to other making it unavailable in body. Mechanism of action of amyl nitrite: Amyl nitrite conves Hb - Met Hb - sequ...
Biochemistry
Enzyme regulation
c55534d1-a63b-4d69-9dce-95a66b9ef04f
Diuresis is seen in which phase of acute kidney injury
Initiation
Maintenance phase
Recovery phase
Oliguric phase
2c
single
Recovery phase  - due to Vigorous Diuresis large amount of water, sodium, and potassium Lost in urine.
Medicine
null
2aeab9e1-fcbe-4508-9994-83ecf83fec4b
Causative agent of plague ?
Yersinia pestis
Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Pasteurella septica
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Yersinia pestis Infection caused by yersinia genus are divided into :? Plague :- It is a deadly infectious disease caused by yersinia pestis. Yersinosis :- It is characterized by infectious diarrhea, enteritis, ileitis and occasionally septicemia. It is caused by yersinia enterocolitica (most common) ...
Microbiology
null
ae737208-e484-479c-97e2-e7d354b078e6
Rosettes found at the lidmargin are a feature of
Squamous blepharitis
Bacterial blepharitis
Stye
Chalazion
1b
single
Anterior lid margin shows dilated blood vessels (rosettes) is seen in Bacterial Blepharitis (Ulcerative blepharitis).
Ophthalmology
null
0382fad1-2f64-4a09-8051-def8a0826e28
Human is dead end host for -
Tetanus
KFD
HIV
All of the above
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tetanus * The diseases in which human acts as dead end host, i.e., dead and disease: -1. Japanies encephalitis2. Echynococcosis (hydatid disease)3. Trichinosis4. Tetanus5. Bubonic plaque
Microbiology
Bacteria
b86ddf42-0714-4b15-a1e9-22c064d8cd6a
Erythropoietin is secreted by:
Coical interstitial cells
Cells in macula densa
Granular cells
Mesangial cells
0a
single
JG apparatus Cells in macula densa Granular cells/ JG cells Mesangial cells Senses Na+ & Cl- in tubular fluids & initiate tubuloglomerular feedback. Synthesis & secrete renin Cells that can alternate the vessel diameter. Type I Coical interstitial cells : synthesize erythropoietin
Physiology
Blood Physiology
9ed44870-30bd-49f9-a928-bd26b8ae8f8c
A nurse has been found to be seropositive for both HbsAg and HbeAg. She is suffering from:(AIIMS November 2014, May 2013)
Acute infectious hepatitis B
Concurrent hepatitis B and hepatitis E infection
Chronic hepatitis B infection
Past history of hepatitis infection
0a
multi
Ans. a. Acute infectious hepatitis B (Ref: Harrison 19/e, 2005, 18/e p2550)Patients who are seropositive for both HbsAg and HbeAg are suffering from acute infectious hepatitis B. (AllMS May 2013 Repeat) HBs AgAnti-Hbs AbAnti-Hbc AbHBe AgAnti-Hbe AbHBV DNAAcute Hepatitis B (early)+--+-+Acute Hepatitis B (high infectivit...
Medicine
Infection
af6f5db8-c4c2-49ef-9e83-7b3841d48b02
True regarding subphrenic abscess is
Subphrenic abscess is most common following stomach surgery
It is most commonly seen following biliary tract surgery
As the subphrenic space is surrounded by the falciform ligament and other hepatic ligament anteriorly the subphrenic space is best approached through the bed & 12th rib
It occurs most commonly following hepatic abscess rupture
1b
multi
(B) It is most commonly seen following biliary tract surgery # Symptoms> A common history is that when some infective focus in the abdominal cavity has been dealt with, the condition of the patient improves temporarily, but after an interval of a few days or weeks, symptoms of toxaemia reappear.> The condition of the p...
Surgery
Miscellaneous
88c78890-8bf1-45be-866c-605fa9dbeffc
Whiff test is used to detect :
Trichomoniasis
Candidial cervicitis
Bacterial vaginosis
Gonococcal cervictis
2c
single
Bacterial vaginosis
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
99a3076a-1980-4668-9174-5b106160200c
A 32 year old patient with history of recurrent headache was sent for fundus evaluation. He was found to be having generalized aerial attenuation with multiple cotton wool spots and flame shaped haemorrhages in both eyes. The most likely cause is:
Diabetic retinopathy
Hypeensive retinopathy
Central retinal aery occlusion
Temporal aeritis
1b
multi
Hypeensive retinopathy
Ophthalmology
null
8b1bfbf6-cb3b-4ea3-83e1-b503d6325fb5
Mittendorf dots may be associated with
A
B
C
D
0a
single
Ans. (a) AMittendorf dots are remnants of tunica vasculosa lentis at its anterior end i.e. the posterior end of the lens - thus causing posterior polar cataract.
Ophthalmology
Lens
255fa938-7c1f-45ab-8d11-be1e1c3b4481
Which one of the following is not true regarding Noonan&;s syndrome
Affects males and females
Sho stature
Chromosomal abnormality
Congenital hea disease - ASD
2c
multi
Individuals who have Noonan syndrome have normal chromosome studies. Four genes - PTPN11, SOS1, RADF1and KRAS - are the only genes that are known.Symptoms of Noonan syndrome may include the following: A characteristic facial appearance. Sho stature. Hea defect present at bih (congenital hea defect). A broad or webbed n...
Pediatrics
Genetic and genetic disorders
80859c3e-539b-46b6-894d-10c3b14eccad
A patient was brought to emergency with complaints of high-grade fever and altered sensorium. He was diagnosed to be suffering from meningococcal meningitis. Which of the following is the most appropriate empirical treatment option?
Ceftriaxone
Piperacillin--Tazobactam
Penicillin
Cotrimoxazole
0a
multi
Answer- A. CeftriaxoneMeningococcal meningitisTreatment:3rd generation cephalosporin such as cefotaxime or ceftriaxone is DOC for initial therapyProphylaxis: Rifampicin is DOC for meningococcal prophylaxisANTIBIOTIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BACTERIAL MENINGITIS:BACTERIAANTIBIOTIC(IV)DURATIONStreptococcus PneumoniaVancomycin...
Microbiology
null
947b03df-2487-4390-85b9-3a9b118694b2
Which of the following syndromes is best associated with congenital heart disease?
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Rasmussen syndrome
Holt-Oram syndrome
Leopard syndrome
2c
single
c. Holt-Oram syndrome(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 746, Ghai 8/e p 413)Discussing about the options one by one,Name of the syndromeClinical featuresa. Lesch-Nyhan syndromeHyperuricemia, intellectual disability, dystonia, choreoathetosis, spasticity, dysarthric speech and compulsive self-biting, usually beginning with eruption ...
Pediatrics
C.V.S.
e4946d93-fde9-46b5-82f7-49976250e53b
An HIV patient complains of visual distrubances, Fundal examination shows bilateral retinal exudates and perivascular haemorrhages. Which of the following viruses are most likely to be responsible for this retinitis -
Herpes simplex
Varicella zoster
Cytomegalovirus
EBV
2c
single
retinitis&multiple hemorrhage inHIV id due to CMV REF:MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.473 case-3
Microbiology
Virology
565c7f96-85ea-4522-8986-8b04a9b44bc4
Anti retro viral drug causing urinary stones:
Zidovudine
Lamivudine
Indinavir
Nelfinavir
2c
single
Ans: c (Indinavir) Ref: Harrison, 16th ed, p. 1127; 17th ed, p. 1192Indinavir is the antiretroviral drug which causes urinary stones.Classification of antiretro viral drugNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)* Zalcitabine* Didanosine* Lamivudine* Zidovudine* Stavudine* Abacavir* EmtricitabineProtease inhib...
Medicine
Infection
db0407da-a929-46bf-83a2-5ff30d5a6164
In pregnancy all occurs except:
Increased cardiac output
Decreased blood volume
Increased MCV
Increased glomerular flow
1b
multi
Decreased blood volume
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
b83de563-6f98-4b64-9100-250032bbcdfc
The most common neurological disorder seen in chronic renal failure patients is:
Dementia
Polyneuropathy
Restless leg syndrome
Encephalopathy
1b
single
Ans. B. PolyneuropathyPolyneuropathy is the most common neurological disorder seen in about 60% of patients with CKD.It is characterized by* Length-dependent numbness* Tingling* Allodynia* Mild distal weaknessThe sensorimotor polyneuropathy can be stabilized by hemodialysis and improved with successful renal transplant...
Medicine
C.N.S.
2a85cc3c-b2d0-441b-aa9b-e653a9abcc02
True regarding pregnancy changes except :
Hyperplasia of parathyroid
Hyperplasia of thyroid
Increased pigmentation
Decreased BMR
3d
multi
There is rise in the basal metabolic rate, which begins at about the third month, reaches a value of +25% during the last trimester. The increase in BMR is probably due to increase in net oxygen consumption of mother and fetus. Reference : Dutta's text book of Obstetrics 7th edition page no 62
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
General obstetrics
1194a9cd-5925-4ab6-9add-ab4a01263f7c
Most common extra-cranial complication of ASOM is:
Facial nerve paralysis
Lateral sinus thrombosis
Subperiosteal abscess
Brain abscess
2c
single
Ans. C Subperiosteal abscessAs discussed earlier therelative incidence of various extracranial complications in a case of chronic, otitis media are:Extracranial complicationPercentagePost auricular abscess:Fpcial palsyBezold abscessPetrous apicitis (Petrositis)Meningitis 75620.212 So M/C complication is post auricular ...
ENT
null
e8bf4b11-43e8-4f51-842c-deffb5daeda2
Treatment of lepromatous leprosy is
Rifampicin + Dapsone
Rifampicin + Clofazimine
Rifampicin + Dapsone + Clofazimine
Rifampicin + Ofloxacin + Minocycline
2c
single
Ans. c (Rifampicin + Dapsone + Clofazimine); (Ref. Park PSM 22nd/pg. 296)Recommended regimens of chemotherapy for Leprosy in adultsFORM OF LEPROSYMORE INTENSIVE REGIMENWHO RECOMMENDED REGIMENLepromatous(multibacillary)Rifampin (600 mg/d) for 3 years plus dapsone (100 mg/d) indefinitelyDapsone (100 mg/d self-administere...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable Diseases
6c6fe55e-aac4-4f1e-9ab5-a2cc6ce4086c
All of the following are vasodilators except
Methyl dopa
Nitroprusside
Hydralazine
Diazoxide
0a
multi
Methyldopa is a centrally acting alpha-agonist Hydralazine, diazoxide, and nitroprusside are vasodilators. Hydralazine, diazoxide- aeriolar dilators- potassium channel openers Nitroprusside- both aeriolar and venous dilator REF.Essentials of Medical Pharmacology-kD Tripathi 8th ed.
Pharmacology
Cardiovascular system
63a3e151-b7df-463a-b2fb-b7030bd6dbb1
Impoant role of distal tubule of kidney in acid-base balance ?
Secretion of Ammonia
Secretion of bicarbonate
Secretion of HCl
Absorption of Ammonia
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Secretion of AmmoniaThe H+ ions secreted into the tubule are mopped up by urinary buffers present in the tubular fluid. The three impoant buffers are : -i) Bicarbonate buffer : - Present in proximal segments (Proximal tubules, Thick ascending limb). It is nothing else but filtered HCO3- ions which rea...
Physiology
null
06b7b438-c67c-4808-bcd7-f2367cd155c7
80 kg male with bilateral upper limb, right lower limb with perineum burns 3rd degree, amount of fluid required in first 8 hours is
3920 ml
4920 ml
5920 ml
6560 ml
3d
single
Answer- D. 6560 mlThe amount of fluid required fot the above patient = 4ml x 80 x 41 = 13120 ml.Half of the calculated fluid is gtum in first 8 hrs and half in next 76 hrs.So the amount of fluid to be given in the first hrs = total fluid required/ 2 = 1312O/ 2 = 6560ml
Surgery
null
e27d48a6-1f70-4e07-8ae4-843a9f49bf61
A patient has Hb 6gm%, folic acid 8 ng/ml, vitamin B12 60pg/ml, serum iron 16011g/d1, and MCV-104. The diagnosis is:
Iron deficiency anemia
Vitamin B12 deficinecy
Folic acid deficiency
Pyridoxine deficiency
1b
single
Answer is B (vitamin Bp is Deficiency) Presence of anemia (Hb= 6gm%) Macrocytosis (MCV=104) and decreased vitamin B12 levels (B12=60 pg/ml) suggests a diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Reference values from Harrison's Appendix A Parameter Normal Values Patient value Inference Hb 13-18 g/d...
Medicine
null
5c889b9f-b899-4dc2-a52c-8037c1cbc3a8
A neonate diagnosed of having pentalogy of Fallot. She may have the following lesions:
TOF + PDA
TOF + ASD
TOF + COA
TOF + Polysplenia
1b
multi
Patients with tetralogy of Fallot have a VSD, RV infundibular stenosis, RVH, and a dilated aoa (in about 50% of patients it overrides the septum). If there is an associated ASD, the complex is referred to as pentalogy of Fallot. Ref: Bashore T.M., Granger C.B., Hranitzky P., Patel M.R. (2013). Chapter 10. Hea Disease. ...
Pediatrics
null
78decce2-0122-4e62-98f9-69f28bcb4351
Involucrum means -
Dead bone
New living bone
Previous living bone
None of the above
1b
multi
In osteomyelitis:- Sequestrum → The Dead piece of bone. Involucrum Reactive woven or lamellar bone around sequestrum.
Pathology
null
58974e14-34b3-4d3c-a614-6d15e7c18cba
HLA B-27 has > 90% association with?
Enteropathic
Reactive arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
3d
single
Ans. (d) Ankylosing spondylitis(Ref: Harrison 18th/chapter 325)Prevalence of HLA B27 is 90% in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis, independent of disease severity.
Pathology
Immunity
b4068007-92d3-4089-9ff7-b1aeb15c2325
The process used to prevent the recircularization of the stick ends of DNA is:
Homopolymer tailing
Ligation by restriction endonucleases
Transfection
All of the above
0a
multi
The process used to prevent the recircularization of the stick ends of DNA is Homopolymer tailing Homopolymer tailing Involves adding a series of nucleotides on the 3'OH termini of a double-stranded DNA molecule using enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Homopolymer tail is produced in the presence of one deox...
Biochemistry
Techniques in molecular biology
b3af8b28-9448-48eb-a655-3483f0ee4cab
A man loses his right hand in a farm accident, four year later, he has episodes of severe pain in the missing hand (phantom limb pain). A detailed PET scan study of his cerebral cortex might be expected to show
Expansion of the right hand area in his right somatic sensory area I
Expansion of the right hand area in his left somatic sensory area I
Projection of fibre from neighboring sensory areas into the right hand area of his right somatic sensory area I
Projection of fibers from neighbouring sensory areas into the right hand area of his left somatic sensory area I
3d
single
When a body part is amputated, the somatosensory area that represents the neighbouring part of the amputated part spreads over to the somatosensory area that represents the amputated area- Cortical plasticity. This may describe the phenomenon of phantom limb. Since representation in somatosensory area is of contralater...
Physiology
null
974514f3-982d-4839-8f06-697a9045aaf8
When a person is asked about his blood sugar level, he answers like "Diabetics have sweet urine... urine and feces are excreta"... Before finally telling his blood sugar. It is an example of?
Tangentiality
Circumstantiality
Flight of ideas
Loosening of association
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Circumstantiality In the given example, the patient's goal is to tell the blood sugar level. But the patient does -not reach his goal directly; rather he gives irrelevant details and digressions.lt is an example of circumstantiality.
Psychiatry
null
ce260192-ec97-429a-bd53-d8d5b6aafdf0
Lining epithelium of vagina is
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Cliated columnar epithelium
2c
single
INDERBIR SINGH&;S TEXTBOOK OF HUMAN HISTOLOGY-PAGE NO:359Mucous membraneThe mucous membrane shows numerous longitudinal folds and is firmly fixed to the underlying muscle layer.it us lined by stratified squamous epithelium(non keratinized)
Anatomy
General anatomy
a9849f12-be20-4d44-a242-d435f1c5b9b3
Breast Ca most important prognostic factor
Lymph node status
Size of tumor
Skin involvement
Peude orange
0a
single
"Metastasis to ipsilateral axillary nodes predicts outcome are surgery more powerfully than tumor size does”. “The single most important predictor of 10 and 20-year survival rates in breast cancer is the number of axillary lymph nodes involved with metastatic disease”.
Surgery
null
516df661-0bc7-4c6e-b240-7cb773fcbfe1
Yellow bag is destroyed by
Incineration
Autoclave
Hot air oven
Steam sterilization
0a
single
Ref: PubMedCat.Type of Bag/ Container usedType of wasteTreatment/ disposal optionsYellowNon-chlorinated plastic bagsSeparate collection system leading to effluent treatment system* Human anatomical waste* Animal anatomical waste* Soiled waste* Expired or discarded medicines* Chemical waste* Micro, Bio-t and other clini...
Microbiology
General
8ce318be-d7bf-4ea3-bec9-6f9a2e563bd5
Which of the following muscle group is innervated by obturator nerve?
Abductor muscle
Adductor compament
Extensor compament
Flexor compament
1b
single
The muscles in the medial compament of the thigh are primarily adductors of the hip because of their medial orientation. The obturator nerve (L2-L4) innervates most of the muscles in the medial compament of the thigh.Ref: Moon D.A., Foreman K.B., Albeine K.H. (2011). Chapter 36. Thigh. In D.A. Moon, K.B. Foreman, K.H. ...
Anatomy
null