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135
58ef0383-0a0c-487d-b612-080f5f2d8b89
Jacobson's nerve is a branch of:
Vagus nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Trigeminal nerve
2c
single
Ans. (c) Glossopharyngeal nerveRef: Dhingra's ENT 6th ed./4* Jacobsons nerve is a branch of glossopharyngeal nerve (CN- IX) in middle ear.* It supplies medial aspect of tympanic membrane.
ENT
Anatomy of Middle Ear (Otitis Media)
1aa5f2df-9e97-4469-8bc7-ee7c114cba83
Atropine is added with diphenoxylate to:
Increase effect
Decrease side effects
Decrease abuse potential
Enhance absorption
2c
single
Ans: C (Decrease abuse potential) Ref: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2012, 12th Ed, Tala McGraw hill, Katzung BG,Masters SB, Trevor AJ.P 1095Explanation:Diphenoxylate is an opioid agonist without any analgesic property.It has Antimotilitv action hence it is used in non-infective diarrhoeaIt can cause drug dependence s...
Pharmacology
Anti Cholinergic
21c54406-901c-4e43-914d-5517773c2bc8
All of the following are anti tussives EXCEPT:
Codeine
Dextromethorphan
Ambroxol
Noscapine
2c
multi
Ans. (c) AmbroxolRef. KDT 6th ed. / 214* Ambroxol is a metabolite of bromhexine having mucolytic action.* Antitussives are drugs that act in the CNS to raise the threshold of cough centre.* Since antitussives aim to control rather than eliminate cough they are used only for dry unproductive cough or if cough is unduly ...
Pharmacology
Asthma
166a9efb-22df-4b22-8c7d-55eaf697ff78
Megaloblastic anaemia may be caused by all of the following except
Phenytoin
Methotrexate
Pyrimethamine
Amoxicillin
3d
multi
<p>Phenytoin decreases folate absorption & increases its excretion causing megaloblastic anaemia.</p><p>Methotrexate is folate antagonist </p><p>Pyrimethamine in high doses causes megaloblastic anaemia,especially in those with marginal folate stores.</p><p>Reference :Tripathi essentials of medical pharmacology 7th edit...
Medicine
Haematology
dc8ee991-6811-4791-bb47-adf5a21793cb
Basal skull view X-ray is best to visualize
Ethmoid sinus
Frontal sinus
Sphenoid sinus
Maxillary sinus
2c
single
submento veical view This view is taken with veex near the film and x-ray beam projected at right angles to the film from submental area. Structures seen are External auditory canal Middle ear cleft i.e. mastoid air cells, middle ear and eustachian tube Internal auditory canal Sphenoid sinus Foramen ovale Carotid canal...
ENT
Nose and paranasal sinuses
4cbebfaa-80b4-46c4-b247-6349ab7d26e7
Ramu, an 8-year old boy presented with pain in the arm. On x-ray, his upper end of humerus demonstrates an expansile lesion in the metaphysis with breach of the overlying cortex. Most likely diagnosis is -
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Unicameral bone cyst
Chondroblastoma
Osteoclastoma
0a
single
Here the diagnosis is aneurysmal bone cyst because the overlying cortex is breeched, which is not seen in unicameral bone cyst.
Orthopaedics
null
ca00e11d-d064-4592-9279-c438b6fa0aea
What propoion of Wegener's will have antibodies to Proteinase-3?
10%
50%
90%
100%
2c
single
There are two types of ANCA based on different targets for the antibodies. Cytoplasmic ANCA (cANCA) is the diffuse, granular cytoplasmic staining pattern observed by immunofluorescence microscopy when serum antibodies bind to indicator neutrophils. Proteinase-3 is the major c-ANCA antigen. ALSO NOTE: More than 90% of p...
Pathology
null
f71b0459-5bbe-468b-8efd-fbd457d5c1c8
Omega shaped epiglottis is seen in?
Laryngomalacia
Epiglottitis
Tuberculosis
Carcinoma of epiglottis
0a
single
ANSWER: (A) LaryngomaiaciaREF: Dhingra 4th ed p.272In laryngomaiacia direct laryngoscopy shows elongated epiglottis, curled upon itself (omegashaped), floppy aryepiglottic folds and prominent arytenoids.Pediatric Epiglottis is omega-shaped and arytenoids relatively large covering significant portion of the posterior gl...
ENT
Larynx
3bfdf1d4-60ed-4439-834d-e4d0a203e9d3
Risk factors for PPH are all except:
Macrosomia
Twin pregnancy
Nuliparity
Previous H/O PPH
2c
multi
Ans. is c, i.e. NulliparityRef. JB Sharma Obs Pg 335Risk factors for PPHRisk factors for postpartum hemorrhageFactors in historyAntepartum factorsIntrapartum factorsMiscellaneous causes* Advanced maternal age* Overdistended uterus- Multiple pregnancy- Large-sized fetus- Polyhydramnios* Induction of labor* Sepsis* Multi...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Complication of 3rd Stage of Labour
84aa55f9-deea-4493-90e0-a606c9521169
Angelman syndrome is due to -
Digenic inheritence
Inversion
Uniparental disomy
Mitochondrial disorder
2c
single
Robbins basic pathology 9th edition page no 244 Angelman syndrome, as might be expected, can result from uniparental disomy of parental chromosome 15.
Pathology
General pathology
042f64ca-0f64-4427-b8d0-2ab3c5dbd0dc
Which of the following is derived from endoderm?
Gall bladder
Lens
Spleen
Lymph nodes
0a
multi
HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY-INDERBIR SINGH TENTH EDITION-PAGE NO:203 The pars cystica of the hepatic bud gives origin to the gallbladder and to the cystic duct. the pa of the hepatic bud proximal to the pars cystica forms the bile duct (Hepatic bud is endodermal in origin)
Anatomy
General anatomy
901fb958-430d-45ae-b7f3-ec48e374115e
A patient on t/t for psychiatric disorder takes an overdose of a drug, develops bradycardia, hypotension, decreased sweating and salivation. The likely drug is -
Amitryptilline
Lithium
Selegiline
Amphetamine
0a
single
TCAs can cause postural hypotension → Amitriptyline has maximum propensity. Decreased sweating & salivation are due to anticholinergic side effects.
Psychiatry
null
f41f8094-5373-4814-b480-d3a5fe083870
Mononuclear phagocytes are produced by ?
Thymus
Spleen
Bone marrow
Liver
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bone marrow Mononuclear macrophage cells originate in the bone marrow from precursor cells and become monocytes in about 6 days.
Microbiology
null
df4548bb-09a0-4e3c-bb29-843a92365e59
Heavy and light body impression materials are used with:
Mercaptan
Silicone
Reversible hydrocolloid
1 and 2
3d
single
Elastomeric impression materials: They are supplied in two components, a base paste and a catalyst paste (or liquid) that are mixed before making impressions. They are often formulated in several consistencies, including extra low, low, medium, heavy, and putty, in increasing order of filler content. Extra-low and putt...
Dental
null
682dcf95-ff1d-45b0-b3f8-a80d6fcdf2a1
A girl was killed and her body was taken for embalming. Constituents of a typical embalming solution are all, EXCEPT:
Wintergreen
Glycerine
Formalin
HCl
3d
multi
Embalming is the treatment of the dead body with antiseptics and preservatives to prevent putrefaction. This process coagulates the proteins, fixes the tissues, bleaches and hardened the organs and the blood is conveed into a brownish mass. Constituents of a typical embalming solution: Formalin Sodium borate Sodium cit...
Forensic Medicine
null
aedc44fc-e9f3-424c-b686-d0516c6e5604
The following factors are derived from the endothelial cell except -
Thrombomodul in
Protein S
Prostacyclin
Thromboxane A2
3d
multi
Ans. is d i.e., Thromboxane-A2 Endothelial cells o Endothelial cells comprise the single cell-thick, continuous lining of the entire cardiovascular system, collectively called endothelium. o Endothelial structural and functional integrity is fundamental to maintenance of vessel wall hemostasis and normal circulatory fu...
Pathology
null
73b87351-50c2-42be-abd1-c56f7d2cfeb8
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of amiodarone?
Pulmonary fibrosis
Corneal microdeposits
Photosensitivity
Tachycardia
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Tachycardia * Amiodarone is a broad spectrum anti - arrhythmic drug which belongs to class III of the anti - arrhythmic drugs.* Following are the adverse effects -i) Fall in BP, bradycardia and myocardial depression occurs on i.v. injection.ii) Photosensitization and skin pigmentation occurs in about ...
Pharmacology
C.V.S
b5b9c971-0986-4ce7-9bc8-f8d7cae1c7bb
A 30-year-old female stores her contact lenses in tap water. She notices deterioration of vision and visits an ophthalmologist, who diagnoses her with severe retinitis. Culture of the water as well as vitreous fluid would most likely reveal which of the following?
Acanthamoeba
Babesia
Entamoeba coli
Naegleria
0a
single
Acanthamoeba is a free-living ameba, as is Naegleria. Naegleria usually causes severe, often fatal, meningoencephalitis, while Acanthamoeba is isolated from contact lens fluid and patients with retinitis who do not store their lenses under sterile conditions. Entry of Acanthamoeba into the CNS can occur from skin ulcer...
Microbiology
Parasitology
718276d8-359b-48cc-95e1-86d0ed1335e3
Neurotransmitter which is released at the end organ of the parasympathetic division of ANS:
Acetylcholine.
Adrenaline.
Non adrenaline.
All of the above.
0a
multi
Non-adrenaline is secreted at the end organ of the sympathetic system except in sweat glands and hair follicle while acetylcholine is released at parasympathetic system.
Pharmacology
null
1c60bb82-b63c-4c54-b19a-a6a9e34ad6f9
In Acromegaly All of the following are seen EXCEPT
Visceromegaly
Decreased sweating
Hypertension
Soft tissue and bone enlargement
1b
multi
(B) Decreased sweating # Features of Acromegaly: Acral bony overgrowth results in Frontal bossing, Increased hand & foot size, Mandibular enlargement with Prognathism, & Widened space between the lower incisor teeth.> In children & adolescents, initiation of GH hypersecretion prior to epiphyseal long bone closure is as...
Medicine
Miscellaneous
9adb1be2-fc54-49d5-910d-97a7b1f9b65c
All of the following are causes of hypercarbic resiratory failure EXCEPT
Myasthenia gravis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Pneumonia
3d
multi
Type ll respiratory failure is characterised by hypoxia and hypercapnia.Mechanisms by which this occurs are categorized by impaired CNS drive to breath;impaired strength with failure of neuromuscular function in the respiratory system & increased load on the respiratory system.Reasons for diminished CNS drive to breath...
Medicine
Respiratory system
f5dee6a5-b57a-49c6-944e-1777a8e0ed93
Under national polio eradication programme, a case of acute flaccid paralysis is confirmed as polio by surveillance after how many days?
15 days
30 days
60 days
90 days
2c
single
60 days REF: Park 20' edition page 177, 178, Infectious disease surveillance - Nkuchia M. M'ikanatha Page 507, www.npspindia.org "As soon as lab results and (when required) 60-day follow-up repos are available, the cases are classified at NPSU as polio or non-polio AFP. Cases with inadequate specimens are reexamined at...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
65095d40-9d3c-4c64-8a52-9621a3a74423
Floor of third ventricle is formed by all except
Tuber cinereum
Posterior perforated substance
Tegmentum
Anterior pituitary
3d
multi
The floor is formed from before backwards by:Optic chiasmTuber cinereumInfundibulumMamillary bodiesPosterior perforated substanceTegmentum of midbrain(Ref: Vishram Singh textbook of clinical neuroanatomy second edition pg 137)
Anatomy
Brain
adb479ae-3c5a-416f-bfc1-c54dfa36a7da
Heparin inactivates all of the following clotting factors except -
Ha
Xa
XIIa
VIIa
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Vila Anticoagulant action of heparin* Anticoagulant Heparin is a powerful and instantaneously acting anticoagulant, effective bothin vivo and in vitro.* It acts indirectly by activating plasma antithrombin III (AT III, a serine proteinase inhibitor).* The heparin-AT III complex then binds to clotting ...
Pharmacology
Hematology
b6346f50-600c-47b0-800b-4af60c7d0250
Epidermolysis bullosa is due to defect in collagen type?
Type 1
Type 3
Type 4
Type 7
3d
single
Ans. D. Type 7Diseases Caused by Mutations in Collagen Genes or by Deficiencies in the Activities of Posttranslational Enzymes Involved in the Biosynthesis of CollagenGene or EnzymeDisease 1COL1A1, COL1A2Osteogenesis imperfecta, type 12 (OMIM 166200)Osteoporosis 3 (OMIM 166710)Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII autosomal ...
Biochemistry
Membrane Structure & Function
018634e5-1dcc-493b-b5f5-ca82fbce900e
Enzyme defect in galactosemia ?
Uridyl transferase
Galactokinase
Epimerase
All of the above
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Galactosemia is a group of metabolic disorders which results from inborn errors due to deficiency of the enzymes of galactose metabolism.The classical galactosemia is caused by deficiency of galactose-l-phosphate uridyl transferasee.The less common types of galactosemia occur due to d...
Biochemistry
null
2fe42e0d-c671-48e0-b954-122a28ebac00
Ring scotoma is seen in:
Macular edema
Night blindness
Severe myopia
Angle closure glaucoma
2c
single
Ring scotoma involves the point of fixation. Conditions resulting in ring scotoma are pigmentary retinopathies, retinitis, choroiditis, myopia, open angle glaucoma and optic neuropathies. Bilateral annular scotomas occur due to bilateral retinal or optic nerve disease but may also occur with bilateral occipital pole da...
Ophthalmology
null
7a54e426-29d8-4525-8a20-965efb322ab3
An influenza is treated by
Amantidine
Ribavarin
Cidofovir
Oseltamivir
3d
single
Refer KDT 6th/777,778 Oseltamivir and zanamivir are used for An influenza
Anatomy
General anatomy
08c6c68c-1373-4f4a-ad26-dce49c036c4a
Pseudoarthrosis of Tibia is classical feature of?
Sturge Weber syndrome
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Neurofibromatosis type 2
Tuberous sclerosis
1b
single
Pseudoarthrosis of Tibia and scoliosis are classicle feature of NF 1.
Pathology
null
439b1fee-dfff-4590-afea-8caee9f25217
3rd stage of demography indicates
High bih rate and high death rate
Death rate begins to decline
While the bih rate remains unchange
Bih rate tends to fall and death rate declines still fuher
3d
multi
Death rate declines still fuher and the bih rate tend to fall in third stage of demographic cycle or late expanding stage, but the population continue to grow as bihs exceeds death. India has entered this phase. Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no: 479
Social & Preventive Medicine
Demography and family planning
21d261ff-0e62-4d70-819a-73ebd30945e3
What is Relminidine?
Alpha 2 agonist
Alpha 1 agonist
Beta 1 agonist
Beta 2 agonist
0a
single
Moxonidine and relminidine are alpha 2 central agonists.
Anatomy
General anatomy
c16a9d6e-5e30-4209-94b1-1f9e8444c9c9
Bakers anchorage is a type of:
Intramaxillary anchorage
Intermaxillary anchorage
Extraoral anchorage
Muscular anchorage
1b
single
Baker Anchorage In most of the malocclusion cases, the upper teeth protruded excessively and the lower teeth and jaw seemed to be underdeveloped. Obviously, the mere expansion of the upper and lower arches would not achieve the desired correction. Some means had to be found to correct the protrusion of the upper teeth ...
Dental
null
76c3deef-2e24-49ac-9e48-9e786e34b483
Triad of vomiting, abdominal distension and ''String of beads" sign on abdominal X-ray is typically suggestive of?
Duodenal atresia
Small bowel obstruction
Large bowel obstruction
Gastric volvulus
1b
multi
Ans. b (Small bowel obstruction). (Ref. Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology, 5th ed., 981, 1089)Erect abdomen X-ray features of small bowel obstruction:# Multiple fluid levels (3 or more than 3, size more than 3 cm and in mid-abdomen - 'candy-cone appearance).# "Step-ladder" appearance in low obstruction (the gre...
Radiology
G.I.T.
6f4897ba-11d9-443d-8002-e18215f80267
Which of the following is false about hydatid cyst of liver
MC cause is E. Granulosus
Investigation of choice is casoni’s test
Albendazole is scolicidal agent
PAIR is done if size > 5cm
1b
multi
IOC of hydatid cyst is serology. Casoni test is not preferred now.
Surgery
null
22aa7e29-fd95-4577-b45d-e30e3ca9dfa0
Most potent stimulator of naive T cell is:
Mature dendritic cell
Follicular dendritic cell
Macrophages
B cell
0a
single
Dendritic cells (sometimes called interdigitating dendritic cells) are the most impoant antigen-presenting cells for initiating T-cell responses against protein antigens. The following contribute to this: First, these cells are located at the right place to capture antigens--under epithelia, the common site of entry of...
Pathology
Auto Immune Disorders Introduction
31e5ee87-f9df-407d-9d0a-f6d5f142d344
Maximum iron absorption occurs in
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Caecum
0a
single
Iron is absorbed from upper small intestine mainly duodenum. In diet, iron occurs in two forms, haem iron and inorganic (non-haem) iron. Haem iron is better absorbed than inorganic iron, but the major fraction of diet is inorganic iron. Inorganic iron is mostly in ferric form; needs to be reduced to ferrous form becau...
Physiology
null
a9346599-a297-4383-8c18-0924cd2e5238
Term "Vaccine" was coined by
Louis pasteur
Edward Jenner
James lind
John snow
0a
single
Term ' Vaccine' by louis pasteur Term "Vaccination" by edward Jenner.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
398be206-b6f1-4866-b075-25e53245910c
Which cells produce surfactant in conducting part of the lung?
Goblet cells
Brush cells
Basal cells
Clara cells
3d
single
Ans. (d) Clara cells(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 670; 8th/pg 679)Club cells, also known as bronchiolar exocrine cells, originally known as Clara cells, are dome-shaped cells with short microvilli, found in the small airways (bronchioles) of the lungs, produce substances similar to surfactant.
Pathology
Respiration
c97b1d5b-58e7-4fdd-849b-54721b38e633
Which of the following is not a side effect of lithium?
Blood dyscrasias
Polyuria
Hypothyroidism
Weight gain
0a
single
Ans: a (Blood dyscrasias)Ref: Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 10th ed, Pg. 1058Lithium dose and its toxicity are very favourite topics for Kerala PG Entrance Examination.Blood dyscrasias are not seen as a side effect of lithium therapy.Side effects of lithium therapy N...
Psychiatry
Pharmacotherapy In Psychiatry
82b6d4d1-614f-4dfd-9506-5da8e8b99c14
Anti-tubercular drug contraindicated during Pregnancy is:-
Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Streptomycin
Ethambutol
2c
single
- Streptomycin- It is ototoxic to the fetus and should not be used during pregnancy. - With the exception of streptomycin, the first line anti-TB drugs are safe for use in pregnancy. - Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) should be added to the drug treatmentoftuberculosisin allpregnantwomen taking isoniazid. - Pregnancy with TB: S...
Social & Preventive Medicine
RNTCP
a175a9ae-59b6-485c-a2b2-f9f6760afd86
A 33-year-old man complains of a tingling sensation in his hands for several months which occasionally awakens him during sleep. The patient has noticed he has gained weight and no longer wears his wedding ring as it has become too tight. You notice the patient is sweating while speaking to you and has quite a large ja...
MRI scan of the pituitary
Glucose tolerance test
Growth hormone levels
Serum prolactin levels
1b
multi
The glucose tolerance test (B) is diagnostic in patients with suspected acromegaly, many of whom will appear diabetic. Growth hormone (GH) Levels (C) can be raised during periods of stress and for most of the time remain <1 mU/L. A raised GH level is therefore not sufficient to diagnose acromegaly though low or undetec...
Medicine
null
a1c8321f-a789-4a79-ae75-8ea7c9bc2bd4
Primary Health Care includes all, except ?
Proper housing
Equitable distribution
Intersectoral coordination
appropriate technology
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Proper housing Primary heath care "Primary health care is essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and acceptable to them, through their full paicipation and at a cost the community and country can afford." There are 4 main principles of primary health care : Equitable distribu...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
b710eccd-1457-4a05-aacd-da390283da29
A patient develops hypoglycemia. He was on insulin and acarbose. For treatment of above what is to be given?
Glucose
Maltose
Sucrose
Starch
0a
multi
Ans. a. Glucose Hypoglycemic reactions are the most common complication of insulin therapy. All the manifestations of hypoglycemia are relieved by glucose administration. Since the patient is on acarbose, the absorption of complex polysaccharides would be delayed. For this reason, simple sugars like glucose should be a...
Pharmacology
Endocrinology
7fb777a2-7311-441a-b44c-ec266ed1e44f
Which of the following is/are tuberculides
Lichen scrofulosorum
Lichen nichidus
Lichen aureus
All
0a
multi
A i.e., Lichen scrofulosorum
Skin
null
8a26ae07-2a40-4081-95a7-e0b7a0f776bf
NOT included in third stage of labour
Controlled cord traction
lM-oxytocin
IV methergin
Uterine massage
2c
single
(C) (IV - Methergin) (142 - Dutta 7th)Methergin 0.2 mg IM (Intramuscular) to the mother within one minute of delivery of the babyOyxtocin may be given with crowning of the head, with delivery of the anterior shoulder of the baby or after the delivery of the placenta.Components of Active Management of Third stage of Lab...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Miscellaneous (Gynae)
1f756706-a9bc-476a-a51d-50d5d3b0d5e4
Third generation OC pills are -
Decreased risk of thromboembolism
Decreased risk of myocardial infarction
Increased risk of breakthrough bleeding
More side effects
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Decreased risk of myocardial infarction o Third generation oral contraceptives contain the new progestins: gestodone, desogestrol and norgestimate; combined with low dose of estrogen (< 35 g of ethinyl estrodiol). o These contraceptives have lower doses of progesterone-like compounds with similar prot...
Pharmacology
Endocrinology
8eff17b3-eedb-475d-9726-3dbbea4f8455
Read the following symptoms and suggest the investigation to be done: 1. Salty sweat; many parents notice a salty taste when kissing their child. 2. Poor growth and weight gain (failure to thrive). 3. Constant coughing and wheezing. 4. Thick mucus or phlegm. 5. Greasy, smelly stools that are bulky and pale colored.
CFTR gene mutation analysis
PSA
Karyotype
Transrectal ultrasound
0a
single
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited, chronic, multisystem, life-shortening disorder characterized primarily by poor digestion and obstruction and infection of the airways.  It is autosomal-recessive and is caused by mutations in both copies of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene (CFTR). The defective exocrine ...
Dental
null
839f4acb-eba1-4c13-9d04-538b3eb1e2b5
Central stellate scar on CT scans are seen in:
Renal oncocytoma
FNH
Serous cystadenoma pancreas
All of the above
3d
multi
Central stellate Scar is seen in 1. FNH 2. Fibrolamellar HCC 3.Serous cystadenoma (Pancreas) 4.Renal Oncocytoma
Surgery
Kidney and ureter
43e23a75-6266-4e25-b13d-8ac981648c1d
CD-95 has a major role in -
Apoptosis
Cell necrosis
Interferon activation
Proteolysis
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Apoptosis Function of Human Leucocyte surface antigen CD-95 is to mediate apoptosis.
Pathology
null
e972c483-db38-4fff-981a-86123fef37f6
All of the following are used in the treatment of acute pancreatitis EXCEPT:
Analgesics
IV fluids
Antibiotics
Nasojejunal feeds
2c
multi
In most patients (85-90%) with acute pancreatitis, the disease is self-limited and subsides spontaneously, usually within three to seven days after treatment is instituted. Conventional measures includes *Analgesics for pain *IV fluids and colloids to maintain normal intravascular volume *No oral alimentation. Once it ...
Surgery
null
6158307b-a942-4636-917b-f502310dffba
Most common cause ofAcute Intestinal Obstruction in neonates is -
Jejuna! atresia
Malrotation
Duodenal atresia
Acute Intussusception
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Duodenal atresiao Most common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction Meconium plug syndrome.o Second most common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction Duodenal atresia.Impoant causes of intestinal obstruction in newbornMeconium plug syndrome o Duodenal atresia o Jujunoileal atresiaMalrotation of ...
Pediatrics
null
fd23d4fe-7d85-47b0-80c7-a4bcbe86a54b
Deep vein thombosis occurs most commonly after:
Total hip replacement
Gastrectomy
Prostatic operation
Brain surgery
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' ie Total hip replacement * "Pts receiving t/t in hospital are at increased risk of venous thrombosis. This includes pts being treated surgically or for medical conditions. The factors which result in increased risk of venous thrombosis include advancing age and greater complexity of surgical treatment. Orth...
Surgery
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
be3c2c71-3ce4-4673-a389-8921127f3831
Granulomatous inflammatory reaction is caused by all, EXCEPT :
M. Tuberculosis
M. Leprae
Yersinia pestis
Mycoplasma
3d
multi
. Mycoplasma
Pathology
null
b1047fa5-4ceb-4b1e-b2fe-15804578d809
Following are the adverse effects of estrogens except
Supression of libido
Fusion of epiphyses
Hot flushes
Gynaecomastia in males
2c
multi
Adverse effects of estrogen are suppression of libido, gynecomastia in males, a fusion of epiphyses, increased risk of breast and endometrial cancer, migraine, liver disorders, gall stones etc Hot flushes occur due to estrogen deficiency (Ref. Essentials of medical pharmacology TD Tripathi 7th edition page no.309)
Pharmacology
Endocrinology
27ffffd4-6d90-44d9-8970-2e8f683e76f1
BK virus affects which organ transplantation?
Liver
Kidney
Lung
Marrow
1b
single
K for kidney.
Surgery
null
64b07303-b4ea-4af2-8651-801ec5d3304b
A newborn with respiratory distress with RR 86/ min, nasal flaring, audible grunting, abdomen lagged behind chest respiratory movement, no lower chest or xiphoid retraction. What is silverman's score ?
1
3
5
6
2c
single
Ans. is `c' i.e., 5 Assessment of respiratory depression The severity of respiratory distress is assessed by Silverman- Anderson score and Downes' score. While the Silverman Anderson Retraction Score is more suited for preterms with HMD, the Downes' score is more comprehensive and can be applied to any gestational age ...
Pediatrics
null
9afd7300-273d-4f0a-bfc7-10a7f4778bf8
If angle of mandible is obtuse it means that the bone belongs to :
Adult male
Adult female
Young female child
All
2c
multi
C i.e. Young female child
Forensic Medicine
null
eb11d111-47f5-4220-b128-1efce81610a4
Transmission of cholera is through -
Fecally contaminated food
Fecally contaminated water
Contaminated food by vomits of a case
All of the above
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Cholerao Cholera is caused by a gram-negative toxin (enterotoxin) producing bacteria, vibrio cholerae. Cholera toxin acts through cAMP in the intestine to cause secretory diarrhea,o V. cholerae causing infections are divided into two biotypes :ClassicalEl Toro Both of which are furthe...
Microbiology
Vibrio
215f01e4-54ce-4dcd-ba9d-d86a463f1e03
Lipschutz bodies are seen in
Hepatitis - B
Vaccinia
Variola
Herpes simplex
3d
single
Lipschutz bodies are inclusion bodies seen in herpes simplex.
Microbiology
null
2880892a-b5fd-4678-acdf-9468fbcc2bfb
A 32 year old male presents with unilateral diminished vision in the right eye. On examination, there is mild iritis, vitritis and focal necrotic lesion is seen at macula. The most likely diagnosis is:-
Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
Ocular toxoplasmosis
Multifocal choroiditis
Ocular sarcoidosis
1b
single
The most common protozoal infection in adults is toxoplasmosis. The most common means of toxoplasmosis infection in the eye is through reactivation of trophozoites, primary infection occurs in the fetal life. The history strongly suggests toxoplasmosis as there is NECROTIC lesion in the retina with vitritis.
Ophthalmology
Investigation in ophthalmology and miscellaneous topics
9e9f74e8-cc69-44ac-a299-707bd9071b8b
Blood in urine in a patient in labour, with history of previous LSCS. The diagnosis is:
Impending scar rupture
Urethral injury
Obstructed labour
Cystitis
2c
single
In obstructed labour, the bladder becomes an abdominal organ and due to compression of urethra between the presenting pa and symphysis pubis, the patient fails to empty the bladder. The bladder walls gets traumatised which may lead to blood stained urine, a common finding in obstructed labour. The base of the bladder a...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
2c32c23c-b3bf-475b-8306-3430701b1712
Axillary abscess is safely drained by which approach
Medial
Anterior & posterior circumflex humeral
Floor
Lateral
2c
single
Axillary abcess should be incised through the floor of axilla, midway between the anterior and posterior axillary folds,and nearer to the medial wall in order to avoid injury to the main vessels running along the anterior,posterior and lateral walls.
Anatomy
null
52941748-3e30-4e06-8873-d1e7ce639f4b
Mousy odor of urine is seen in
Isovaleric acidemia
Phenyl ketonuria
MSUD
Tyrosinemia
1b
single
Children with classic phenyl ketonuria have an unpleasant odour of urine due to presence of phenylacetic acid,which is often described as musty or mousey. Phenylketonuria is due to deficiency of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase or of its cofactor tetra hydro biopterin. Reference: Nelson TB of pediatrics pg 418 edit
Pediatrics
Genetic and genetic disorders
80189a6e-a7f0-43a0-a1f3-2d64d7780cd1
IInd cranial nerve is:
Optic nerve
Abducens nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Occulomotor nerve
0a
single
Ans. A Optic nerveRef: Gray's Anatomy, 41st ed. pg. 310* The cranial nerves are individually named and numbered, using Roman numerals, in a rostro-caudal sequence, reflecting their order of attachment to the brain. They are named as follows:Cranial nervesCN numberCN nameAttachment/CommentsIOlfactory nerveArises from th...
Anatomy
Neuroanatomy
67d55d22-01d7-4dcf-957d-004e071e19ce
MC germ cell tumor is
Embryonal teratoma
Dermoid
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Seminoma
3d
single
Seminoma Testicular seminoma originates in the germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubules. About half of germ cell tumors of the testicles are seminomas.Treatment usually requires removal of one testicle. However, feility usually isn't affected. All other sexual functions will remain intact. Signs and symptoms The...
Surgery
Urology
85638207-20cf-48bd-ac9d-752ff724595b
Which of these muscles undergoes wasting first in osteoahritis knee?
Quadriceps only
Hamstrings only
Both quadriceps and Hamstrings
Gastronemius
0a
multi
All periaicular muscles around the knee joint may undergo wasting in advanced osteohritis knee. However muscle atrophy paicularly involves the quadriceps which is the earliest muscle to undergo wasting. Ref: Turek s Ohopaedics 2nd Edition, Page 1368.
Surgery
null
9998f553-8eb9-4fe5-a0d0-de1da46fe29f
Preferred method of contraception for a female with family H/O ovarian cancer :
POP
Cu IUCD
OCP
Barrier method
2c
single
OCPs reduce ovarian cancer. TEXTBOOK OF GYNECOLOGY SHEILA BALAKRISHNAN SECOND EDITION PAGE NO 368 Table no 33.4
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Contraception
69833fe8-3159-4152-abba-52d0d611f061
Postmortem caloricity is -
↑-ed temp within 2 hours of death
Rapid fall in temp after death
↑-ed temp after 6-8 hours of death
Decreases in temperature followed by rise
0a
multi
In some situation, for initial 2-3 hours, dead body may gain temperature, known as postmortem caloricity.
Forensic Medicine
null
a338b1a4-9c0b-4f27-a5f6-43d1390c31b9
All are unique features of WHO growth chas 2006 EXCEPT:
It establishes breastfed infant as normative growth model
Sample collected from ten countries including India
Includes new indicators such as skinfold thickness
Reiterates children grow similarly across the World
1b
multi
WHO growth chas- based upon MGRS (Multicentre Growth Reference Study) conducted in 6 countries across the world including India. Babies who were breastfed for at least first few months of life were included. Includes new indicators such as skinfold thickness Reiterates children grow similarly across the World
Pediatrics
Growth
fdd71923-4db9-4133-b496-a386aba2d4b1
Maximum loss of DALY occurs in which psychiatric disorder?
Depression
Schizophrenia
Alcohol dependence
Bipolar disorder
0a
single
Unipolar depressive disorders - DALY lost: 64963.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
5003b1a6-fa88-4719-b941-8052e05e24f9
Percentage of newborn with deviation of nasal septum -
2%
10%
20%
50%
1b
single
Birth trauma may result in nasal septal deviation. Nasal deformities are estimated to occur in 1.25 - 23 % of newborns. Forceps - assisted or breech delivery is often mentioned as the etiology of injury. Three options are coming in the range, i.e., 1.25 - 23 % : - Option 'a' (2 %), 'b' (10 %) and 'c' (20 %). So, the an...
ENT
null
983a0ac6-f6bd-457e-b272-36378d4f303f
which of the following mumurs will increase with valsalva ?
MR
VSD
AS
HOCM
3d
single
HOCM REF: harrisons 21st ed
Medicine
All India exam
dd327193-087e-479e-8e78-8ef88a98aa0d
Psychogenic amnesia is characterized by -a) Antegrade amnesiab) Retrograde amnesiac) Both with confabulationd) Patchy impairment of personal memories
c
d
bd
ac
2c
multi
Dissociative amnesia is characterized by retrograde amnesia. There is inability to recall personal events during circumscribed period which creates gaps in the individuals personal memory (Patchy memory loss).
Psychiatry
null
d5f9e7e7-71c8-47cf-a9e7-dd48f232350f
Antibody in asthma treatment -
Omalizumab
Rituximab
Transtusuzumab
Daclizumab
0a
single
Omalizumab is a blocking antibody that neutralises circulating IgE without binding to cell-bound IgE ,and ,thus inhibits IgE mediated reactions in asthma.Patients should be given a 3 to 4 month trial of therapy to show objective benefit.Omalizumab is usually given as a subcutaneous injection every 2-4 weeks and appears...
Medicine
Respiratory system
9f2a9738-2921-46ff-9cdc-955ee0d8d55c
Which heart diseases are most commonly associated with rubella infection –
PDA
VSD
ASD
Eisemenger's syndrome
0a
single
Patent ductus arteriosus is the most common congenital heart disease associated with rubella, followed by pulmonary artery stenosis. Heart disease in congenital Rubella → PDA > PS > VSD > ASD.
Pediatrics
null
c7ac42c3-193a-4692-9a7f-6c51f1583379
Which of the following structure is NOT present at bih?
Ethmoid sinus
Mastoid tip
Incus
Malleus
1b
multi
Mastoid tip is absent at the time of bih but mastoid antrum is present. Postnatally, mastoid air cells develop leading to formation of mastoid process (by about 2 years ago). At bih, only the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses are present and are large enough to be clinically significant. Malleus and incus are derived fro...
ENT
null
7506b79e-5875-4b62-8943-1838195c7fb8
non synthetic phase 1 reaction for drug detoxification is
Glucuronidination
Acetylation
Methylation
Oxidation
3d
single
Ref-KDT 6/e p24-25
Anatomy
General anatomy
7a8fa6ed-835e-4f42-96d8-481c7470136a
Most commonly used Piezoelectric crystal is
Quaz
Lead zirconate
Barium zirconate
Titanium
1b
single
Most Commonly used Piezoelectric Crystal in Ultrasound probe is Lead Zirconate Titanate. Quaz is a natural piezoelectric crystal. Piezoelectric Crystals conve electrical energy into sound waves and sound waves back into electric current. Ultrasound transducers act as both transmitter and receiver. Other impoant points ...
Radiology
ULTRASOUND
fed64dd3-f66a-4fa0-babe-eb10a20a63fe
A pregnant lady with gonorrhea with white discharge. Treatment of choice is:
Ceftriaxone single dose IM + Metronidazole for 14 days
Ceftriaxone plus azithromycin single dose
Ceftriaxone plus Doxycycline 100 mg for 7 days + Metronidazole for 14 days
Ceftriaxone single dose IM
1b
single
Treatment of Gonorrhoea Ceftriaxone 250 mg i.m in a single dose + Azithromycin 1g single dose Alternative Rx Cefixime 400mg orally in a single dose + Azithromycin 1 single dose
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Genital Tract Infections (Too hot to handle!)
d19f3dd3-39fd-4a5c-91d5-897ca6b74fcf
ICD-10 code in XXI includes all except -
Lack of exercise
Alcoholism
Poisoning
Unhealthy found
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Poisoning ICD -10 code in chaptor XXI (Factor influencing health status and contact with health services) : - i) Problem relating to lifestyle ii) Alcohol use iii) Tobacoo use iv) Drug use v) Lack of physical exercise vi) Inappropriate diet and eating habits vii) High risk sexual behaviour Poisoning i...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
a5f58ab0-9a2d-4036-a15d-f8e149a25a12
Median nerve supplies which branch to the brachial aer -
Sensory branch
Sympathetic branch
Motor branch
None
1b
multi
Ans. is'b'i.e., Sympathetic branchRef: Gray's Anatomy 39,/el'Median nerve supplies vascular branches to the brachial aery in the arm.These fibres are sympathetic fibres.Median nerve has no sensory or cutaneous branch in the arm.Only branches it gives off in the arm are sympathetic branches to the brachial aery.
Anatomy
null
184c95b8-9744-4ef1-b7ec-1b930af09271
A 48-year-old female piano player visited the outpatient clinic with numbness and tingling in her left hand. A diagnosis was made of nerve compression in the carpal tunnel, and the patient underwent an endoscopic nerve release. Two weeks postoperatively the patient complained of a profound weakness in the thumb, with l...
The first common digital branch of the median nerve
The second common digital branch of the median nerve
Recurrent branch of median nerve
Deep branch of the ulnar nerve
2c
single
The recurrent branch of the median nerve innervates the thenar muscles (opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, and flexor pollicis brevis) and is not responsible for any cutaneous innervation. Damage to the palmar cutaneous branches of the median nerve or to the ulnar nerve would not cause weakness of opposition ...
Anatomy
Upper Extremity
43511878-5833-4bcd-96a9-de8edaf62ddf
Gene instability associated with malignancy is seen in -
Klippel fiel syndrome
Ataxia telangiectasia
Marfan'g syndrome
EDS
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Ataxia telangiectasiaSyndromes of defective DNA repair have such a high level of chromosomal instability that they are known as chromosome-breakage syndromes or chromosomal instability syndromes.
Pathology
null
9d9cfc30-5d15-45bb-944e-66a827a97c98
In modified rapid sequence induction (RSI) which is neuromuscular blocker of choice:-
Rocuronium
Vecuronium
Rapacuronium
Atracurium
0a
single
Rocuronium is fastest acting clinically available non depolarizing Neuro Muscular Blocker. Thus can replace succinyl choline for modified RSI. For rapid sequence induction we need fast acting neuromuscular blocker so that we achieve intubating condition early.
Anaesthesia
Neuromuscular Blocker
4a6afadb-9923-43cc-b82f-c96039ac4576
Insulin stimulates all except
Glycolysis
Lipolysis
Protein synthesis
Lipogenesis
1b
multi
Glycolysis is stimulated by insulin. The activity of key glycolytic enzyme like glucokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase is increased.Insulin inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue due to inhibition of hormone-sensitive lipase Protein synthesis is promoted and degradation is retardedLipogenesis is oured by pr...
Biochemistry
Endocrinology
ae530ee2-5fd5-4385-9388-6ae99d16908f
Exposure to noise above ----- cause permanent hearing loss
85 db
90 db
100 db
160 db
2c
multi
Repeated or continuous exposure to noise around 100 decibels may result in a permanent hearing loss. In this, the inner ear damage may vary from minor changes in the hair cell endings to complete destruction of the organs of coi.Exposure to noise above 160dB may rupture the tympanic membrane and cause permanent hearing...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Environment and health
a282e3c7-0ca7-46d1-a941-b4ef723e5450
Tonsillectomy following peritonsillar abscess is done after weeks:
1-3 weeks
6-8 weeks
4-6 weeks
8-12 weeks
1b
single
The tonsils should be removed 6-8 weeks following a Quinsy. - Turner 10th/ed p 86 Tonsils are removed 4-6 weeks following an attack of Quinsy. - Dhingra 6th/ed Most people would practise interval tonsillectomy for these patients, deferring surgery for 6 weeks following resolution of an attack. - Head and Neck Surgery b...
ENT
null
8da92006-b7e9-45f9-9b7d-7b2ccc116307
CD21 receptors bind to which virus -
CMV
EBV
Rabies virus
HSV
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., EBV * EBV belongs to Herpes virus family.* Infection is most common in early childhood, with a second peak during late adolescence.* Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is usually a disease of young adults.* EBV is transmitted by saliva (oral secretions) of infected person.* Intimate oral contact, as in kis...
Microbiology
Virology
7ccd717f-383e-4f3c-8400-911e40141090
A person sustains head trauma leading to a transaction of pituitary stalk. All can be a consequence of this, except -
SIADH
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes incipidus
Hyperprolactinemia
1b
multi
Pituitary gland does not control the secretion of insulin so it plays no role in diabetes mellitus.
Medicine
null
dc82a954-fd0a-4126-a8b9-24f38bb748b8
A patient diagnosed to have leprosy with ulnar nerve involvement, presents with clumsiness of hand. Clumsiness is due to palsy of which of the following muscle?
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Interosseous muscle
3d
single
All interossei muscles are innervated by deep branch of ulnar nerve. Palmar interossei adduct thumb, index, ring and little finger to the middle finger. Dorsal interossei are abductors of index, middle and ring finger. So clumsiness of hand in this patient is due to weakness of interosseus muscle innervated by ulnar ne...
Surgery
null
a3f69877-d0ce-4d64-926f-b2a3a8d33013
Eversion of foot is produced by
Tibialis anterior
Tibialis posterior
Peroneus teius
Peroneus longus
2c
single
Eversion: movement in which the lateral border of the foot is elevated so that the sole faces laterally. Inversion: movement in which the medial border of the foot is elevated so that the sole faces medially. In eversion and inversion, the entire pa of the foot below the talus moves together. Inversion is accompanied b...
Anatomy
Lower limb
05be107d-ad86-436a-89d5-f01907d21e37
Most common cranial nerve involved in ophthalmoplegic migraine is:
II nerve
III nerve
V nerve
VI nerve
1b
single
Ans. III nerve
Ophthalmology
null
34c4faf4-2bb3-4007-b409-6e1c9f9fe549
True about sipple syndrome is?
MCT, Pheochromocytoma, Mucocutaneous neuromas
MCT, Pheochromocytoma, Parathyroid adenomas
MCT, Pheochromocytoma, Pancreatic tumours
MCT, Pheochromocytoma, Diabetes
1b
multi
MEN 2 (also known as MEN 2a or Sipple's syndrome) Ref - davidsons 23e p689
Medicine
Miscellaneous
d3264d85-40f5-43f0-8798-9427a2924143
Filaria dance sign is seen with?
Radiography
Ultrasonography
HRCT
Nuclear scan
1b
single
Ans. B. Ultrasonographya. In cases of suspected lymphatic filariasis, examination of the scrotum or the female breast using high-frequency ultrasound in conjunction with doppler techniques may result in the identification of motile adult worms within dilated lymphatics.b. Worms may be visualized in the lymphatics of th...
Radiology
Miscellaneous
cb6d3354-95e4-4a57-bf51-a1c269e85169
All are true about congenital erythropoetic porphyria except -
Can occur from infancy to adult
Erythrodontia
Ferrochelase deficiency
Corporophyrins III in urine
2c
multi
Gunther disease, is a congenital form of erythropoietic porphyria. The word porphyria originated from the Greek word porphura. Porphura actually means "purple pigment", which, in suggestion, the color that the body fluid changes when a person has Gunther's disease. It is a rare, autosomal recessive metabolic disorder a...
Medicine
Miscellaneous
a47e16f8-68ab-4c56-89fd-a1c9dd7aad7b
A 70yr old male has a pathological fracture of femur. The lesion appears a lytic on X- rays film with a circumscribed punched out appearance .The curetting from fracture site is most likely to show which of the following?
Diminshed and thinned trabecular bone
Sheets of atypical plasma cells
Metaplastic prostatic adenocarcinoma
Malignant cells forming osteoid bone
1b
single
Olf patients along with lytic circumscribed punched our X- rays appearance suggests multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma most often presents as multifocal destructive bone tumours composed of plasma cells throughout the skeletal system.(ref Robbins 9/e p599,7/679)
Anatomy
Haematology
9c99de3f-2590-4b2d-a00c-40f75f578109
Which of the following has least minimum infective dose(MID) required for causing infection:
Salmonella typhi
Campylobacter jejuni
Shigella dysentery
Vibrio cholera
2c
single
Ans. (c) Shigella dysentery "Shigella cause bacillary dysentery. Infection occur by ingestion. The minimum infective dose is low: as few as I0-I(N bacilli are capable of initiating the disease, probably because they survive gastric acidity better than other enterobacter"- Ananthanarayan.
Microbiology
null
d060d9ed-a2c4-48e9-9607-0481c4b4e382
One of the following is used for sex chromatin testing :
Barr body
Testosterone receptors
Hormone levels
Phenotypic features
0a
single
Chromosomal sex can be determined by the study of the leucocytes or by simply taking a smear from the buccal mucosa The nuclei of the female chromosome contains a stainable body called the sex chromatin, hence female cells are termed as chromatin positive. In epithelial cell nuclei this small peripherally situated dark...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Sexuality and intersexuality
2fb41546-68b5-4120-9a60-bff95de3a5cb
Scar in lung tissue may get transformef into
Adenocarcinoma
Oat cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Columnar cell carcinoma
2c
single
Impoant points about squamous cell carcinoma of lung MC type of lung cancer in smokers MC type in males Usually central in location Intracellular bridges or junction is very specific Hyercalcemia due to PTHrP is the NC paraneoplastic syndrome. Refer robbindp716-717f
Anatomy
Respiratory system
d4ad2f3d-d5ce-491b-bf43-63d09d88d478
All of the following psychotropic drugs have abuse liability, EXCEPT:
Methylphenidate
Buprenorphine
Dextro-propoxyphene
Escitalopram
3d
multi
Escitalopram is an SSRI and it does not cause addiction or habbit formation. Hence it does not have abuse potential. Methylphenidate is a stimulant belonging to the class of Amphetamines. It has an abuse potential and is usually a controlled drug. Buprenorphine is a semi-synthetic opiod and Dextro-propoxyphene is an an...
Psychiatry
null