id
stringlengths
36
36
question
stringlengths
1
1.57k
opa
stringlengths
1
287
opb
stringlengths
1
287
opc
stringlengths
1
286
opd
stringlengths
1
301
cop
class label
4 classes
choice_type
stringclasses
2 values
exp
stringlengths
1
22.5k
subject_name
stringclasses
21 values
topic_name
stringlengths
3
135
7df170b2-9f13-4ebb-bf1a-b4b214f22e63
Risk factor for breech presentation is
Maternal diabetes
Oligohydramnios
Anterior placental implantation
Preeclampsia
1b
single
Risk factors for breech presentation Oligohydramnios  Fundal placental implantation  Placenta previa  Hydrocephaly Twin gestation Anencephaly Prior breech delivery
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
11bc5e56-5033-42bf-98f5-f01c744511a1
RDA cover of nutrient requirement of-
50% of individuals
75% of individuals
98% of individuals
Same as adequate intake
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 98% of individuals Recommended Dietary allowance (RDA) o Also know as recommended daily allowance. o The RDA is the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirments of nearly all (97 to 98%) individuals in a life stage and gender group. o The RDA applies to indivi...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
da84eb19-6069-4d60-8d2e-db1fdf8a1e82
Differential diagnosis for pancytopenia with cellular bone marrow include the following except ?
Megaloblastic anemia
Myelodysplasia
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia Pancytopenia refers to as decreased counts of all the three blood cells, i.e., RBC, WBC, and platelets. o Pancytopenia may have any of the two pathogenic mechanisms. 1.Decreased production of blood cells in bone marrow (more common) as in aplastic anemia. 2.Increase...
Pathology
null
7835467c-e4c5-4c6d-88ee-4b438330d771
A patient is suffering from atherosclerosis, which of the following drug is most effective for the prevention of stroke in this patient
Warfarin
Heparin
Aspirin
Digoxin
2c
single
Antiplatelet drugs are used for the prophylaxis of arterial thrombotic conditions like stroke and MI. Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of thromboembolism and can result in stroke
Pharmacology
null
8731eff2-d7fd-45d1-8764-82aa04582b20
Etheromanias refer to -
Acute psychosis post ether anaesthesia
Ether addiction
Excessive ether use drug anaesthesia
None
1b
multi
Ether addiction or etheromania is the addiction to inhalation or drinking of diethyl ether.
Psychiatry
null
6052ec39-a94b-4b42-aeb4-d58df14beb44
A patient died and relatives complain that it is due to negligence of doctor. According to a recent Supreme Cou judgement, doctor can be charged for Medical Negligence under section 304-A, only if:
If he is from corporate hospital
If negligence is from inadveent error
Gross negligence
Res Ipsa Loquitor
2c
single
C i.e. Gross negligence A/t recent supreme cou judgement, doctor can be charged for medical negligence under section 304-A IPC (ie criminal negligence), only if he shows gross lack of competence/ skills, gross inattention, or inaction or recklessness or wanton (gross) indifference to the patient's safety or gross negli...
Forensic Medicine
null
d40c02bc-912d-4ec5-91da-14642beac420
Fracture ala signature is a type of -
Gutter fracture
Depressed fracture of skull
Ring fracture at foramen magnum
Sutural separation
1b
single
Ans. is 4b' i.e.. Depressed fracture of skull o Fracture -ala-signature / signature fracture is also known as depressed fracture of skull vault.o Depressed fracture (signature fracture or fracture-ala signature) :1c caused by a heavy w eapon with a small striking surface, e.g. hammer which causes a piece of skull bone ...
Forensic Medicine
Misc.
bc537a15-19b8-40b4-9342-de49fc45aafe
An 10 month-old baby is brought to the pediatric clinic with symptoms of diarrhea, hair loss and failure to thrive. On clinical examination, there is inflammation of the skin around the mouth and the perianal region. The mineral deficiency responsible for this disease is a cofactor for all of the following enzymes exce...
Lactate dehydrogenase
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Glutathione peroxidase
Alkaline phosphatase
2c
multi
The above features, strongly suggest a diagnosis of Acrodermatitis enteropathica which is due the deficiency is of zinc and it is a cofactor for Lactate dehydrogenase. It is an autosomal recessive disease due to a defect in zinc absorbing transmembrane protein. Symptoms: Growth retardation Diarrhea Alopecia Dermatitis ...
Biochemistry
vitamins
0c94e770-24cc-40fc-bee5-4aaf86d6f01d
Most impoant predictor of coronary aery disease is:
VLDL
LDL
Chylomicron
LDL/HDL
3d
single
Answer is D (LDL/HDL) `The ratio of either LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (LDH / HDL ratio) or Total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (TC /HDL ratio) is highly predictive of coronary hea disease' - Essential cardiology 2"d/6
Medicine
null
2069a971-f1b6-4f93-afdc-083a7d762d89
Carcinoid syndrome produces valvular disease primarily involving-
Pulmonary valves
Tricuspid valves
Mitral valve
Aoic valve
1b
single
The carcinoid syndrome : results from bioactive compounds such as serotonin released by carcinoid tumors . systemic manifestations include flushing, diarrhea, dermatitis, and bronchoconstriction. Carcinoid hea disease refers to the cardiac manifestation caused by the bioactive compounds and occurs in half of the patien...
Medicine
C.V.S
3d45e4d8-2b08-4ee8-8e56-30bcce99cb0d
Which of the following is classified under Grade II acute cholecystitis according to the Tokyo Consensus Guidelines?
Presence of multiorgan dysfunction
WBC count > 11000/mm3
Mild local inflammation
Duration of complaints >72 hours
3d
single
Tokyo Consensus Guidelines for severity grading of acute cholecystitis: Grade I (mild) acute cholecystitis Acute cholecystitis in a healthy person with no organ dysfunction and mild inflammatory changes in the gallbladder Grade II (moderate) acute cholecystitis Associated with any one of the following:1. Elevated WBC c...
Surgery
Gallbladder
e231bb85-23bb-4331-ac16-ea2c98203a0d
Autonomic nervous system the cholinergic nerve fibres
All preganglionic fibres, releases acetycholine
Post ganglionic cholinergic fibres secretes acetyl choline
The post ganglionic sympathetic cholinergic nerve fibres supplies sweat glands and blood vessels inheart and skeletal muscles
All of the above
3d
multi
(All of the above) (223 - 24-G 22nd) (266-68- Ganong 23rd)Neurotransmitters of ANSSympathetic fibres1. Preganglionic fibres - Acetylcholine2. Post ganglionic nor adrenergic fibres - Acetylcholine3. Post ganglionic cholinergic nerve fibres - AcetylcholineThe post ganglionic sympathetic cholinergic nerve fibres supply sw...
Physiology
Nervous System
26ffecf6-530e-4663-95ad-9aaee9b58c24
Observation of yeast cells with multiple budding in tissue in the form of a "the shape shown in below pictograph" is highly suggestive of
Blastomycosis
Coccidiodomycosis
Paracoccidiodomycosis
Histoplasmosis
2c
single
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes paracoccidioidomycosis. It is a dimorphic fungus that exists as a mold in soil and as a yeast in tissue. The yeast is thick-walled with multiple buds ("ship's wheel" appearance), in contrast to Blastomyces dermatitides, which has a yeast with a single bud that has a broad base. Hist...
Microbiology
mycology
d07580c3-d614-45a2-89bc-f4c65ca32646
Bishop scoring includes all except
Fetal station
Cervical dilatation
Fetal flexion
Cervical consistency
2c
multi
Fetal flexion is not a component in Bishop scoring system.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
f87f02ae-e248-473d-9a03-5a866b0dfbee
True about LDL receptor:
It recognizes apo B100 and apo E
Involved in endocytosis process
Present in both hepatic and extrahepatic cells
All of the above
3d
multi
LDL receptor: It recognizes apo B-100 and apo-E. Has clathrin coating. Involved in endocytosis process. Present in both hepatic and extra-hepatic cells.
Biochemistry
null
1165c069-adea-4433-adc3-a8d99eb8e6c0
Commonest of female cause pseudohermaphrodism ?
CAH
Maternal ovarian tumor
Maternal drug intake
Chromosomal abnormalites
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., CAH Female pseudohermaphroditism. Gentotype is XX Gonads are ovaries External genitalia are virilized (male differentiation). As there is no mullarian inhibiting factor, mullarian duct develops into uterus tubes and ovary. But due to presence of androgen external genitalia are virilized. Causes are: C...
Pediatrics
null
284e61ce-a2a6-42ed-aea8-c6821e75d68a
Commando's operation doesn't include:
Total glossectomy
Hemimandibulectomy
Removal of floor of mouth
Modified radical neck dissection
3d
single
Commondo's operation includes radical neck dissection which is indicated when carcinoma is fixed to mandible along with infiltration of mouth.
Surgery
null
dd299847-0035-455e-8683-4bf1563bd981
Mycetoma is caused by the following agents except?
Allescheria boydii
Madurella mycetomii
Trichosporum beigelli
Nocardia asteroides
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Trichosporum beigelli
Microbiology
null
7c1f8e55-7320-489c-929f-dc986f73e1c9
A 45-year-old female presents to the outpatient clinic with symptoms of pain, fatigue and weakness in both lower limbs. She gives history of paralysis affecting both lower limbs in childhood from which she made good functional recovery. Which of the following is the most likely suspected diagnosis:
Post Polio syndrome
Polymyositis
Muscular Dystrophy
Neuropathy
0a
multi
Answer is A (Post Polio syndrome): Development of muscle pain, fatigue and weakness after several years of having probably suffered from paralytic polio is classically seen in Post-polio-syndrome. Post-polio syndrome is characterized by debilitating fatigue, muscle pain and new muscle weakness typically occuring in mus...
Medicine
null
61f6433c-b05b-4c0c-a560-638a500db8cf
Virulence of a biological agent is defind as -
Ability of the agent to invade and multiply in host
Propoion of clinical cases resulting in severe clinical manifestation
Ability of the agent to induce a clinically apparent illness
Propoion of clinical cases in a virgin population
1b
multi
For an infectious agent, infectivity refers to the propoion of exposed persons who become infected. Pathogenicity refers to the propoion of infected individuals who develop clinically apparent disease. Virulence refers to the propoion of clinically apparent cases that are severe or fatal. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Text...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Epidemiology
1d5ca006-7c75-49ef-bb30-d9141a49e014
Which of the following has the potential of undergoing `Spontaneous' malignant transformation?
Osteomalacia
Albright's syndrome
Paget's disease of bones
Osteogenesis imperfecta
2c
single
Complications of the Paget's disease include stress fractures and secondary sarcomas.  Poor mechanical properties of pagetic bone results in incomplete stress fractures. Fractures occur most commonly in the femur followed by other stress-bearing bones such as tibia, humerus, spine, and pelvis. Osteosarcomas and to a le...
Pathology
null
bd3e524a-a991-41f9-a99d-eb384bb51ea6
A person is HBsAg positive, but anti-HBsAg negative, what should be the next step
Repeat test after 6months
Check if HBeAg is positive
Check HBV DNA load
Reassure the patient
2c
multi
HBsAg indicates a current infection.Anti-HBs is generally interpreted as indicating recovery and immunity from hepatitis B virus infection. Anti-HBs also develops in a person who has been successfully vaccinated against hepatitis B.HBeAg is a hepatitis B viral protein. It is an indicator of active viral replication.HBc...
Medicine
G.I.T
a2193b93-ca25-4443-b3ba-cb1b997c514c
A 49-year-old man has had increasing knee and hip pain for the past 10 years. The pain is worse at the end of the day. During the past year, he has become increasingly drowsy at work. His wife complains that he is a "world class" snorer. During the past month, he has experienced bouts of sharp, colicky, right upper abd...
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Laryngeal papillomatosis
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
3d
multi
Morbid obesity can be associated with complications that include obesity hypoventilation syndrome, probable sleep apnea, glucose intolerance, cholelithiasis, and osteoarthritis. Macrovesicular steatosis with hepatomegaly is seen in obesity and may even progress to cirrhosis. Weight gain owing to hypothyroidism, which c...
Pathology
Misc.
d325aae7-bd88-4114-b22d-7d61dcfd12d2
Which is wrong regarding EMLA cream
It is eutectic mixture of local anesthetics
Requires 5% Lignocaine and 5% Prilocaine to make it.
Ratio of Lignocaine to Prilocaine is 1:2
Applied over skin surface
2c
single
Lignocaine to prilocaine is in 1:1 ratio. EMLA cream - Eubetic mixture of local anesthetics It is a cream which consists of 1:1 Mixture of 2.5 % Lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine. In the EMLA cream concentration of drug is 2.5% each but required to make EMLA is 5% concentration each. Contact time required = 60 minutes Dept...
Anaesthesia
Regional Anesthesia
a1990f96-841d-4430-be08-0480ac15be79
AST/ALT > 2 is seen in deficiency of
G-6-phosphatase
Branching enzyme
Acid maltase
Liver phosphorylase
2c
single
The AST/ALT ratio is the ratio between the concentrations of the enzymes aspaate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase, aka alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the blood of a human or animal. It is measured with a blood test and is sometimes useful in medical diagnosis to differentiate between causes of liver damag...
Biochemistry
Metabolism of carbohydrate
296e85f1-ad32-4136-9792-c25e0c1674cc
High affinity of HbF with O2 due to:
Decrease binding with 2,3 DPG
Decrease concentration of Hb
Increase in the Ph
Double Bohr effect
0a
single
Ans. A. Decrease binding with 2,3 DPGa. The affinity of fetal hemoglobin (hemoglobin F) for O2 , which is greater than that for adult hemoglobin (hemoglobin A), facilitates the movement of O2 from the mother to the fetus.b. The cause of this greater affinity is the poor binding of 2,3-BPG by the polypeptide chains that...
Physiology
Heart, Circulation, and Blood
52eb52ca-9cda-4578-a300-7f000c217b5a
Jack stone calculi is seen in which anatomic pa ?
Prostate
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Bladder
Surgery
null
1ada5c01-1614-473f-b3df-05b7d61dd683
End product of purine metabolism is:
Creatinine
Uric acid
Xanthine
Phosphates
1b
single
Ans. B. Uric acidUric acid is the end product of purine metabolism. "GOUT" is a metabolic disease associated with over production of uric acid.
Biochemistry
Metabolism of Purines and Pyrimidines
aea57615-1ab8-4165-801f-4e84e61c868c
Tumor with perineural invasion:
Adenocarcinoma
Adenoid cystic Ca
Basaal cell ca
Squamous cell ca
1b
single
Ans is 'b' ie Adenocystic Ca Repeated many times]"Adenoid cystic carcinoma, which has a propensity for neural invasion, is the second most common malignancy in adults. Skip lesions along nerves are common and can lead to treatment failures because of the difficulty in treating the full extent of invasion. Adenoid cysti...
Surgery
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
006ccb53-c083-49a7-bc14-a22ac17abd5b
Prefered drug for acute angle closure glaucoma-
p-blocker
Pilocarpine
Atropine
None
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pilocarpine Treatment of angle closure glaucomao Definitive treatment (treatment of choice) is surgery. However, intially drugs are used to decrease IOP during an acute attack. Approach of treatment is as follows:-Start i.v. mannitol or i.v. acetazolamideWhen IOT starts falling, start topical pilocarp...
Ophthalmology
Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma
b1f3faeb-2886-4536-b298-e8805eeb5558
The most common site for Prolapse of interveebral disc is
Cervical region
Lower thoracic region
Upper thoracic region
Lumber region
3d
single
D i.e. Lumbar
Surgery
null
1fa54aaa-aab8-48c7-8ed8-79be66464c95
Linitis plastica is a feature of -
Hiatus hernia
Chronic gastric ulcer
Chronic gastric ulcer
All
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lymphoma of stomachLinitis plastica Involvement of a broad region of the gastric wall or entire stomach by diffuse stomach cancer cause linitis plastica.It is also known as Brinton's disease.The appearance of stomach is like leather bottle.o The other cause of linitis plastica areu Lye ingestion u Met...
Pathology
null
062874f2-92e9-4868-9dd4-7bbb403b96cc
Which prevents plasminogen activators?
Streptokinase
Aminocaproic acid
Reteplase
Clopidogrel
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Aminocaproic acid o Epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA) competitively inhibits plasminogen activation.
Pharmacology
null
37a3144c-c101-41a7-a9aa-b7628a08bef1
Which of the following technique for protein separation is based on molecular size?
Ion exchange chromatography
Gel filtration chromatography
Affinity chromatography
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography
1b
single
Gel filtration chromatography is known as molecular sieving.Hyrophilic cross linked gels like acrylamide, agarose ,and dextran(sephadex)are used for seperation of molecules based on their size.Sephadex is widelyb used and the range of seperation is based on the pore size.The gel is porus in nature.The small paicls ente...
Biochemistry
Structure and function of protein
ae4abedb-6625-4037-b810-f27189f4eda2
Increased airway resistance is/are caused by
Forced expiration
Dense air
Low lung volume
All
3d
multi
A, B, C i.e. Forced expiration, Dense air, Low lung volume
Physiology
null
008422d8-0929-490f-a436-77f398b58b92
A 43-year-old male high-level executive presents to his physician due to a persistent dizziness when standing quickly. He also has been exhibiting chronic fatigue, some muscle weakness, and an unusual craving for salty foods. The physician notices that the patient has a constant "bronze tan," and blood obtained during ...
Adrenal insufficiency
Pituitary insufficiency
Lack of insulin
Lack of glucagon
0a
single
The patient is exhibiting the symptoms of Addison disease, initiated by an adrenal insufficiency. Owing to the problem in the adrenal glands, cortisol and aldosterone cannot be produced and released. The lack of cortisol leads to hypoglycemia and fatigue. The lack of aldosterone leads to the alteration in salt balance ...
Biochemistry
Endocrinology
c8899e76-9da7-4789-aa69-e89be6176efc
Assessment of obesity by following measurement EXCEPT:
Quetelet's index
Broca index
Corpulence index
Sullivan's index
3d
multi
(Sullivan's index): Ref: (348-Park 20th)SULLIVAN'S INDEX: This index (expectation of life free of disability) is computed by subtracting from the life expectancy the probable duration of bed disability and inability to perform major activitiesIndicator of body weight to assess obesity are1. Body mass index (Quetelet's ...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Non-Communicable Diseases
ef3a6f18-b186-42f4-b20f-7b932e8009e3
A 58-year-old man is diagnosed as having a slowly growing tumor in the deep perineal space. Which of the following structures would most likely be injured?
Bulbourethral glands
Crus of penis
Bulb of vestibule
Spongy urethra
0a
single
The deep perineal space contains the bulbourethral (Cowper) glands. The crus of the penis, bulb of the vestibule, spongy urethra, and great vestibular gland are found in the superficial perineal space. Greater vestibular glandis in the superficial perineal space between inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm and membr...
Anatomy
Pelvis and Perineum 2
49937d8b-2385-44e7-bdcc-24cddb171ca3
Female Athlete triad consists all EXCEPT
Disordered eating
Amenorrhoea
Osteoporosis
Absence of secondary sexual characters
3d
multi
(D) Absence of secondary sexual characters> Some girls who play sports or exercise intensely are at risk for a problem called Female athlete triad. Female athlete triad is a combination of three conditions: disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. A female athlete can have one, two, or all three parts of the tr...
Orthopaedics
Miscellaneous
ae58d011-e17c-4196-851e-5a2f22233dd3
Trigeminal or Meckel's cave is present in relation to:
Falx cerebri
Falx cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli
Diaphragma sellae
2c
single
Meninges of Brain i) Brain is protected by Bony covering of the cranium Three membranous coverings (Meninges) ii) The three meninges are Outer duramater Middle arachnoid mater Inner piamater iii) The dura mater is outermost and thickest of all meninges. It encloses cranial venous sinuses and has a distinct blood su...
Anatomy
null
d4443487-204f-4c90-b619-10ef8c918a67
Longest pathogenic Bacillus species is
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus megaterium
2c
single
Longest pathogenic Bacillus species is Bacillus anthracis (1.2 mm width and 3-5mm long). B. anthracis causes anthrax Largest known Bacillus species is B. megaterium, (1.5 mm width and 4 mm long).
Microbiology
General Microbiology Pa 1 (History, Microscopy, Stains and Structure and Physiology of Bacteria)
cb788cad-aa17-495b-8797-03cc81144cee
Post-translation carboxylation of clotting factors requires
Vitamin C
Vitamin K
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
1b
single
The principal role of vitamin K is in the posttranslational modification of various blood clotting factors, in which it serves as a coenzyme in the carboxylation of ceain glutamic acid residues present in these proteins. Vitamin K exists in several forms, for example, in plants as phylloquinone (or vitamin K1), and in ...
Biochemistry
vitamins
0984d314-0f9a-4c43-be03-cf99ae13c75c
Thompson and Epstein's classification is used in the management of :
Fracture neck of femur
Anterior dislocation of hip
Central dislocation of hip
Posterior dislocation of hip
3d
single
Thompson and Epstein classification - For planning treatment of Posterior dislocation of hip Type I Dislocation with no more than minor chip fractures Type II Dislocation with single large fragment of posterior acetabular wall Type III Dislocation with comminuted fragments of posterior acetabular wall Type IV Dislocati...
Orthopaedics
Pelvis and Hip Injury
bce0561f-7fd4-4bb8-8bba-a9a82642b4d6
A 15 year old boy presented with one day history of bleedig gums, subconjunctival bleed and purpuric rash. Investigations revealed the following results: Hb-6.4 gm/dL; TLC-26,500/mm3, platelet-35,000 mm3. Prothrombin time-20 sec with a control of 13 sec, paial thromboplastin time-50 sec and fibrinogen l0mg/dL. Peripher...
Myeloblasts leukemia without maturation
Myeloblasts leukemia with maturation
Promyelocytic leukemia
Myelomonocytic leukemia
2c
single
. Promyelocytic leukemia
Pathology
null
8dee299c-9f98-4ff4-b6a1-ff959fea0ba4
Renin is secreted from -
JG cells
Mesangial cells
Macula densa cells
Lacis cells
0a
single
(A) (JG cells) (525 - A. K. Jain 5th) (705 - Ganong 24th) (220- Guyton 12th)* The renin in kidney extracts and the bloodstream is produced by the Juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells).* JG cells are located in afferent arterioles immediately proximal to the glomeruli.* Renin itself is an enzyme, not a vasoactive substance.*...
Physiology
Kidneys and Body Fluids
96c45e93-8660-4161-9d13-608a8b82fac3
Medically most impoant form of UV radiation is -
UV-A
UV-B
UV-C
None of the above
1b
multi
B i.e. UV-B
Skin
null
95c606fc-6d30-4e4a-bff0-22b02c4a8173
Lymphatic Drainage of the Maxillary Sinus goes first to
Upper Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
Submental Nodes
Submandibular Nodes
Retropharyngeal Nodes
3d
single
Through the posterior pathway, the lymphatics from the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses drain into the retropharyngeal lymph nodes
Unknown
null
2b17f494-376e-4cc8-8cfa-770837af919a
Functional residual volume is?
After normal inspiration
After normal expiration
After forceful expiration
After forceful inspiration
0a
single
Ans:A. After normal inspirationFunctional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration.
Physiology
null
6cec4865-7fe6-4aea-97e5-45be384e41d0
Propaganda is defined as -
Forcing of knowledge into mind
Active aquiring of knowledge
Requiring knowledge after thinking
Training people to use judgement before thinking
0a
single
- propaganda is one in which knowledge is instilled in the minds of people. - prevents or discourage thinking by ready made slogans. - knowledge is spoon fed and passively received. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:859 <\p>
Social & Preventive Medicine
Health education & planning
5d7bd832-4e41-4436-b004-c4e819dc4e17
The eye condition for which the World bank assistance was provided to the National Programme for Control of Blindness: March 2013
Onchocerciaisis
Cataract
Trachoma
Vitamin A deficiency
1b
single
Ans. B i.e. Cataract
Ophthalmology
null
d4c9e713-867a-4a6e-89a6-c557cbd17d43
Which breathing pattern is described in below diagram?
Kussmaul's respiration
Biot's respiration
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Hyperventilation respiration
2c
single
CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION It is also referred to as periodic respiration or cyclic respiration It is present in patients with advanced HF and low cardiac output. Etiology: Lengthy circulatory time and increased sensitivity to aerial PCO2 of respiratory center are causitive. During apneic phase, aerial PO2 falls and the...
Medicine
Hea failure
c10d7131-8dad-4ac2-b09c-6af1c032e9d2
All of the following immunohistochemical markers are positive in the neoplotic cells of granulocytic sarcoma, EXCEPT:
CD 45 RO
CD 43
Myeloperoxidase
Lysozome
0a
multi
A variety of markers for myeloid precursors in granulocytic sarcoma are identified. CD43, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase and CD 15 are the most sensitive markers staining a large propoion of the cells of the majority of well-differentiated tumors. CD 45 RO is not mentioned as a immunohistochemical marker of granulocytic sar...
Pathology
null
fa282669-17d9-4b90-8ca1-a7a67f633acf
Not ture about El Tor biotype of vibrio cholerae?
Lower moality
Less SAR
Less chances of survival in environment
VP (+)
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Less chances of survival in environment
Microbiology
null
f40f610a-3150-433b-a532-4af53d809199
Which of the following is not used in delirium?
Haloperidol
Lithium
Diazepam
Olanzapine
1b
single
Delirium - treat the underlying cause For symptomatic treatment we can use benzodiazepines like in alcohol and antipsychotic (Haloperidol is the traditional choice, 0.25-2 mg every 4 hours) Lithium has no role in treating delirium
Psychiatry
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
bf5cf1ea-96ee-4ac9-ab02-ea24e08fe69f
De - quern's tenovaginitis involves ?
Abductor pollicislongus
Extensor pollicisbrevis
Both of the above
None of the above
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Both of the above De-Quern's tenovaginitis is characterized by pain over the styloid process of the radius and palpable thickening in the course of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons. The fibrous sheaths of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendon...
Surgery
null
f64ec9e0-6077-4547-9173-da0b7da7bf8b
HTLV-1 is also known as:
HIV
ATLV
RSV
ALV
1b
single
Ans. b. ATLV
Microbiology
null
67c89960-23f5-4842-a8e2-06c4dce387e4
Sulphur granules are seen in -
Sulphur poisoning
Actinomycosis
H2SO4 poisoning
Staphylococcal infection
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Actinomycosis Laboratory diagnosis of actinomycosis* The diagnosis is most commonly made by microscopic identification of sulphur granules (an in-vivo matrix of bacteria calcium phosphate, and host material).* The sulfur granules are bacterial colonies and will be found to consist of a dense network o...
Microbiology
Bacteria
89b2c638-e6f9-447e-85d1-25b8aef91a56
What is your diagnosis?
Cleft lip
Cleft palate
Cleft lip and palate
Bifid uvula
2c
single
Ans. (c) Cleft lip and palateRef: Bailey & Love 26th ed. / 634Orofacial clefts (ie, cleft lip , cleft lip and palate , cleft palate alone, as well as median, lateral , oblique facial clefts) are among the most common congenital anomalies. Approximately 1 case of orofacial cleft occurs in every 500-550 births.
Surgery
Cleft Lip & Palate
ef1c5457-2d0a-4369-bf61-3705ba55f4c5
Plasmid DNA-Chromosomal DNA combines to form:
Mesosome
Ribosome
Transposon
Episome
3d
single
Ans: D (Episome) Ref: Anonthanarayan, Paniker CJ. Textbook of microbiology. 8th Edition. London: John Wiley & Sons: 2009. Pg. 60. 67Explanation:Plasmid DNA may sometimes be integrated with chromosomal DNA are known as EpisomeTransposonsThey are structurally and genetically discrete segments of DNA that have the ability...
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
5c025311-06f3-474d-b902-40705765ee7e
Tafenoquine - anti TB drug has been approved in July 2018 for
Radicle cure of P falciparum
Radicle cure of P vivax
Clinical cure of P falciparum
Clinical cure of P vivax
1b
single
orally active 8 amino qinolone. It is a heame polymerase inhibitor. it is a prodrug and is active againist all liver forms includung hypnozoits. Molucular target is not exactly kmown
Pharmacology
All India exam
c04766d4-078a-478a-9165-adbed8970a56
Acute graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) commonly involves all of the following organs, except:
Brain
Skin
Liver
Small & large intestines
0a
multi
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) Occurs when immunologically competent cells or their precursors are transplanted into immunologically compromised recipients, and the transferred cells recognize alloantigens in the host and attack host tissues Most commonly seen in the setting of HSC transplantation Acute GVHD occurs w...
Pathology
JIPMER 2019
ab77266b-c8d2-413c-848d-54a4e57b0510
Pilocarpine in eye causes -
Active miosis
Active mydriasis
Passive miosis
Passive mydriasis
0a
single
Ans: A. Active miosis(Ref: KDT 7h/e p' 114 & 6th/e p 200)Miosis (constriction of PuPil)Parasympathomimelic (muscarinic) drugs:By stimulating the contraction of circular muscles (pupillary sphincter).As miosis is due to active contraction of muscle - Called "Active miosis".
Pharmacology
null
a5bda42b-1e24-453a-85cc-8edb4d34f73b
Best sample for DNA karyotyping -
Blood
Bone marrow
Amniotic fluid
Chorionic villi
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Blood* Karyotyping is the study of number and appearance of chromosomes* The first step in karyotyping is sample collection* Sample utilized are# Blood# Bone marrow# Amniotic fluid* Most commonly used sample is blood. Blood is centrifuged. WBCs are separated. White Blood cells are rapidly dividing cel...
Biochemistry
Molecular Genetics
3d246f7f-ead4-4ea4-bbba-f1d756e71aac
Commonest eye tumour is:
Melanoma
Retinoblastoma
Carcinoma of eyelid
Carcinoma of lacrimal sac
1b
single
Ans. Retinoblastoma
Ophthalmology
null
408f1b66-19f3-4d9b-ac49-a861727a999a
Protein synthesis occurs in which part of the cell:
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi body
All of the above
1b
multi
Ans. (b) Rough endoplasmic reticulumRef: Harper's Biochemistry, 30th ed. pg. 576-77* The surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with protein-manufacturing ribosomes giving it a "rough" appearance.* The ribosomes bound to ER are not a stable part of this organelle's structure as they are constantly being ...
Biochemistry
Proteins and Amino Acids
7c68a390-0cfd-4dc4-b5b8-8375cc9b989d
Consultation - liaison (C-L) psychiatry involves diagnosing
Psychiatric illness in medically ill
Medical illness in psychiatric patients
Sucidal tendency in psychiatric patients
Sucidal tendency in medically ill
0a
multi
A i.e. Psychiatric illness in medically ill Consultation-Liaison (C-L) psychiatry involves the study of psychosocial aspect of medical care and the detection and treatment of psychiatric disorders in the medically UK
Psychiatry
null
2fc09529-28bd-4ad4-a156-60ad57f1a309
In a status epilepticus patient, first line of drugs is
Benzodiazepine
Phenytoin
Barbiturates
Magnesium
0a
single
IV benzodiazepines are initiated first in a status epilepticus patient, followed by IV antiepileptics.If refractory seizures, phenobarbital may be given.Ref: Harrison 19e 2558
Medicine
C.N.S
e98b0a52-ee48-42b2-b39e-82d6572defd6
True about corpus callosum -a) Unite far area of two sides of brainb) Connect two frontal lobec) Unite two hemisphered) Superiorly related to - Indusium griseume) Unite adjacent & widespread separated gyri in the same lobe
abcd
acd
bcd
abd
0a
multi
Corpus callosum connects homotopic (symmetrical) and hetrotopic (anatomically different but functionally similar) areas of two hemispheres. Fibers of genu (forceps minor) connect medial and lateral surfaces of frontal lobes. Upper convex surface is clothed intimately by indusium griseum, a thin sheet of grey matter. Lo...
Anatomy
null
0e5bdb18-3b76-408d-bdea-807749267142
Which of the following is an early symptom of Hypermagnesemia?
Hypotension
Loss of DTR
Loose stools
Arrhythmias
0a
single
The most prominent clinical manifestations of hypermagnesemia are vasodilation and neuromuscular blockade, which may appear at serum magnesium concentrations >2 mmol/L (>4 meq/L; >4.8 mg/dL). Hypotension that is refractory to vasopressors or volume expansion may be an early sign. Nausea, lethargy, and weakness may prog...
Medicine
Nutrition
b18f326e-8980-4d73-a81a-de4a7dcd8934
Plasma urea / creatinine ratio of 20:1 may be seen in-
Rhabdomyolysis
Ureteric calculi
Pre-renal failure
Chronic glomerulonephritis
2c
single
Background. A blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio (BCR) >20 (0.081 in international unit) is used to distinguish pre-renal azotemia (PRA) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). However, there is little evidence that BCR can distinguish between these two conditions and/or is clinically useful Ref Harrison20th edition ...
Medicine
Kidney
d5d472e4-cef4-41d6-adc7-6870b5e4eba9
The commonest site of lymphoma in the gastrointestinal system is
Small bowel
Stomach
Large intestine
Oesophagus
1b
multi
Stomach is the commonest site of lymphoma in the gastrointestinal system is Stomach(55%). Helicobacter pylori infection is the causative agent commonly. Other sites are small bowel(30%), colon(10%), ileocaecal region (5%).Reference : page 856 SRB's manual of surgery 5th edition
Surgery
Urology
9d0842b2-c2a6-418a-94ad-776a34b8d641
Most common cause of acute epiglottitis is
Hemophilus influenza type B
Pneumococcus
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
0a
single
It is an acute inflammatory condition confined to supraglottic structures i.e, epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds and arytenoids. There is marked oedema of these structures which may obstruct the airway. Aetiology It is a serious condition and affects children of 2-7 years of age but can also affect adults. Haemophilus in...
ENT
Ear
bc8e9ed4-81fd-4c8e-9381-ae6c4d193066
Possible conversion to choriocarcinoma after hydatidiform mole is denoted by all of the following, except:-
Rising hCG
More Theca lutein cysts
Increase uterus size
Sub urethral nodule
3d
multi
Pre-disposing factors for development of choriocarcinoma after molar pregnancy - Rising hCG >100,000 Increased uterus size >6 cm Theca-lutein cysts * Sub urethral nodule indicates vaginal metastasis from choriocarcinoma ,it is not a predisposing factor. * Do not try to biopsy the sub urethral nodule it will result in t...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
AIIMS 2018
cc6fab9a-a040-4d6d-855e-c109ff695bdc
Cobb’s angle is used to measure the degree of-
Kyphoscoliosis
Angular deformity of the knee
Extent of depression in calcaneal fracture
Extent of spondylolistheis
0a
single
(Refer: Mohindra’s Fundamentals of Orthopedics, 2nd edition, pg no. 244, 245)
Unknown
null
7e400bec-7590-48ac-84ec-2e81ac3267c6
Smallest abdominal muscle is:
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversalis
Rectus abdominis
2c
multi
The transverse abdominis is the smallest of the four abdominial muscles and lies deep to the others.
Anatomy
Embryology and abdominal wall layer
529387b7-0038-4720-8d6d-a02acd4e09b8
Most common sarcoma in a child is
Fibrosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Leiom yo sarcoma
Liposarcoma
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Rhabdomyosarcoma
Surgery
null
859759b5-cea7-4a84-a6e8-3cd289833576
Floor of Petit triangle is formed by?
Sacrospinalis
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
Fascia Transversalis
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Internal oblique Boundaries of Petit triangle (inferior lumbar triangle) are?Base - Iliac crestAnterior boundary (abdominal boundary) - Posterior border of external oblique muscle.Posterior boundary (lumbar boundary) - Anterior border of latissimus dorsi.Floor is formed by internal oblique muscle.
Anatomy
null
8a6d3777-d1f3-497c-b362-dea2839bcb60
A 3-day-male baby vomits everything he feeds, has a distended abdomen and diarrhea. On examination, he has bilateral cataract. The urine is positive for Benedict's test for reducing substance. Which of the following is the probable underlying diagnosis?
Hereditary Fructose intolerance
Phenylketonuria
Galactosemia
Von Gierke disease
2c
single
The given clinical features:- Vomiting Abdominal distension Diarrhea Presence of reducing substance in urine, in a 3-day-old neonate, who is probably on exclusive breast feeding, suggests diagnosis of Galactosemia. In a confirmed case of galactosemia- breast milk is contraindicated Lactose breaks down to glucose & gala...
Pediatrics
Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism
6d0d7da8-9746-402c-8008-ffed9773d68d
A 36-year-old female with symptoms of hyperparathyroidism, tumor in the pancreas, adrenal cortical hyperplasia, pituitary adenomas, islet cell tumor with cutaneous angiofibroinas. What is the diagnosis?
MEN I
MEN 2 A
MEN 2 B
MEN 2 C
0a
single
MEN1syndrome Consist of characteristic triad of (3P) Pituitary tumour Parathyroid tumour Pancreatic islet cell tumours
Medicine
null
a97c3bf5-54c4-4461-bec3-8663c8899c39
Absence of sesamoid bone in girl of age about normal range of puberty is said to have:
Completed the growth
Overgrowth
Delay in reaching puberty
All of the above
2c
multi
PHV-Peak height velocity occurs approximately at 12 years in girls and 14 years in boys and ossification of ulnar sesamoid of hand occurs roughly 6 months before the PHV.  Key Concept:  The absence or delayed presence of sesamoid bone is due to delay in reaching puberty.
Dental
null
398ff5ba-cea5-4aff-be5e-b5f0839d0d69
According to `AHA 2010 Guidelines' which of the following drug is not used in CPCR?
Adrenalin
Vasopressin
Atropine
Amiodarone
2c
single
Answer- C. Atropine'According to AHA 2020 Guidelines, Atropine is no longer recommended for routine use in the management of pulseless electrical activity (PEA)asystole.'ACLS- medications for pulses arrestAtropine: deleted from pulseless arrest algorithmEpinephrine: dose, interval unchangedVasopressin: dose, use unchan...
Anaesthesia
null
35a36fef-3184-42ea-90ee-3ba00ad27626
Route of approach of glossopharyngeal neurectomy:
Tonsillectomy approach
Transpalatal approach
Transmandibular approach
Transpharyngeal approach
0a
single
Tonsillecotmy is done as a pa of the following operations: Palatopharyngoplasty which is done for sleep apnea syndrome Glossopharyngal neurectomy--tonsil is removed first and then IX nerve is severed in the bed of tonsil Removal of styloid process.
ENT
null
7ac7af43-2e50-44ee-ac96-2d711a80b887
Food poisoning with shortest incubation period is caused by -
Salmonella
Cl perfringes
V cholera
Bacillus cereus
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Bacillus cereus OrganismSymptomsFood soureIncubation1. Staph aureusDiarrhea, Vomiting, No feverMeat, dairy & poultry productperiod 1-6 hrs2. Bacillus cereus (emetic type)Vomiting, diarrhea, No feverFried riceIncubation1. Bacillus cereus (diarrheal type)Diarrhea, no vomiting, no feverWide range ->> mea...
Microbiology
Bacteria
35e2b4fe-b603-4304-9592-4b395127dc50
Radiation protection shields are made up of –
Copper
Silver
Lead
Tin
2c
single
Effective preventive measure for high risk group e.g., X-ray technician is to use lead shields and lead rubber aprons.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
a1095bd3-6253-495d-b3be-3a599b2755ca
Hypothyroidism in pregnancy is least likely associated with:
Recurrent aboions
Polyhydramnios
Pregnancy induced hypeension (PIH)
Prematurity
1b
single
Hypothyroidism is associated with early aboions, preterm labor, still bih. The baby of a severe hypothyroidism may be born a cretinism which is a severe form of brain dysfunction associated with deaf mutism, spastic motor disorder and hypothyroidism. The association with PIH results in an early delivery and hence a low...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Physiological Changes of Pregnancy
9055affd-d466-4738-9126-ee4ce7c2f1b0
Which of the following substances acts to increase the release of Ca++ from endoplasmic reticulum?
Inositol triphosphate
Parathyroid hormone
1,25-dihydroxy cholecalciferol
Diacylglycerol
0a
single
In a large number of tissues, calcium is released as a consequence of the hydrolysis of phosphatidyl inositol. The inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (InsP3) formed is able to release calcium from internal stores. Ref: Skeletal Muscle in Health and Disease: A Textbook of Muscle Physiology, David A. Jones, Joan M. Round - 1990...
Biochemistry
null
ec40b0d4-35c4-443f-a5f1-aad1ab5d414f
Most potent stimulus for bile secretion
Cholecystokin
Secretin
Bile acid
Bile salt
3d
single
The bile salts have a number of impoant actions: they reduce surface tension and, in conjunction with phospholipids and monoglycerides, are responsible for the emulsification of fat preparatory to its digestion and absorption in the small intestine. They are amphipathic, that is, they have both hydrophilic and hydropho...
Physiology
G.I.T
b40e82ec-3408-426f-b21c-a6be3c350671
Satellite nodule on a corneal ulcer is seen due to
Fungal infection
Bacterial infection
Viral infection
Protozoal infections
0a
single
(Fungal infection) (100- Khurana 4th)FUNGAL - KERATITIS - caused by filamentous fungiSign.* It is dry looking grayish- white with elevated rolled out margins* Delicate feathery finger like extension are present into the surrounding stroma under the intact epithelium* A sterile immune-ring (yellow line of demarcation) m...
Ophthalmology
Cornea
b6682850-7a06-4de0-b843-5733267b8456
Formation of excessive amounts of granulation tissue, which protrudes above the level of the surrounding skin and blocks re-epithelialization is called:
Proud flesh
Keloid
Desmoids
Hypertrophic scar
0a
multi
The accumulation of excessive amounts of collagen may result in a raised scar known as a hypertrophic scar and they tend to regress over several months. If  the scar tissue grows beyond the boundaries of the original wound and does not regress, it is called a keloid. Exuberant granulation is another deviation in wound ...
Pathology
null
812809d7-137d-43d1-9333-30ed65cabeab
Which of the following drug belongs to antifolate group: September 2007
Erythromycin
Doxycycline
Pyrimethamine
Gentamicin
2c
single
Ans. C: Pyrimethamine
Pharmacology
null
5a88f0b1-d1ce-4299-b479-33b1f4c1648d
All of the following can be associated with PNH Except:
Cerebral thrombosis
Budd chiari syndrome
Pancytopenia
Massive splenomegaly
3d
multi
Answer is D (Massive splenomegaly) PATH is usually not associated with a massive splenomegaly `Splenomegaly is present in some patients with PNH, but the enlargement of spleen is usually quiet modest'.
Medicine
null
c0b127cb-b8e9-45ad-9aab-ac7d67da0860
True about Bacterial vaginosis :
Fishy odour discharge
Grey discharge
Clue cells found
All of these
3d
multi
All of these Grey discharge; Clue cells found; Fishy odour discharge; and Caused by Gardenella vaginalis
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
eb09b168-1f77-451e-8bb6-77334c204fae
According to Finn, the best method of brushing for mixed dentition:
Scrub
Vertical
Fones
Vibratory
2c
single
The four basic methods of tooth brushing are: Horizontal reciprocating (Scrub method) Vertical sweeping (Roll and physiologic methods) Circular (Fones method) Vibratory (Charters, Bass and Stillman methods) Key Concept: Brushing Technique used commonly in children  The circular brushing method or Fone’s technique is ...
Dental
null
04de28e0-909f-44d9-aa05-9a5a4f7b650d
If a mother is donating her kidney to son, this is an example of which of the following?
Isograft
Allograft
Autograft
Xenograft
1b
multi
Donor and recipient are of same species and different individual : Allograft Donor and recipient are of same individual : Autograft Graft between different individual but of similar genetic makeup as in identical twins : Isograft Graft between different species : Xenograft For any organ transplantation, the single most...
Pathology
NEET 2019
3bada56e-02d5-480b-aa9e-9dd9a337a3bc
Best investigation for diagnosing amyloidosis
Rectal biopsy
Colonscopy
CT scan
Upper GI endoscopy
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rectal biopsy "The most definitive investigation for Amyloidosis is biopsy".For many years rectal biopsy was the first procedure of choice.An important clinical advance was the recognition that the capillaries in the subcutaneous fat are often involved in patients with systemic amyloidosis and can oft...
Pathology
Intracellular Accumulations
ab0a4b3e-d199-4101-8879-115884927e32
Which of the following is locking muscle for knee ?
Popliteus
Hamstring
Quadriceps
None
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Quadriceps Locking muscle --Quadriceps femoris (especially vastus medialis pa).Unlocking muscle --Politeus.
Anatomy
null
85f93aa4-9724-43d7-8fc3-1fbbcfecd94f
True statement regarding delirium includes
Insidious onset
Clear consciousness
Irreversible
Decreased attention
3d
multi
(D) Decreased attention # DELIRIUM:> Delirium is defined as a transient, usually reversible, cause of cerebral dysfunction and manifests clinically with a wide range of neuropsychiatric abnormalities.> Clinical hallmarks are decreased attention span and a waxing and waning type of confusion.> Delirium or acute confusio...
Psychiatry
Miscellaneous
eabf77ba-124c-4b55-80ca-5c5cdb84023f
Triangle of Koch is not formed by
Limbus of Fossa ovalis
Tendon of Todaro
Coronary sinus
Septal Cusp of Tricuspid valve
0a
single
Triangle of Koch is formed by Tendon of Todaro Coronary sinus Septal Cusp of Tricuspid valve
Anatomy
null
9289b01e-5b0c-4ac4-8b1c-8552b897d7d3
Gynaecomastia is caused by which drug ?
Spironolactone
Rifampicin
Thiazide
Propanolol
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Spironolactone
Pharmacology
null
df2d7bc9-3776-4b41-b975-431ba171a874
A 7 years old child comes with fever and tibial swelling exhibits on X- ray exhibits periosteal reaction. Laboratory results show raised ESR and TLC. What is the next step in diagnosis of the patient?
MRI
Pus culture
Bone biopsy
Blood culture
0a
multi
Answer- A. MRIEwingts sarcoma:MRI is essential to elucidate soft-tissue involvement in Ewing's sarcoma, because the tumor has low signal intensity on Tl-weighted images compared with the normal high signal intensity of the bone marow.Osteomyelitis:MRI allows early detection of osteomyelitis and assessment of the extent...
Surgery
null