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Babelfy : BabelNet vidby Entity linking Multilinguality Word sense disambiguation |
Babelfy : Official website |
BabelNet : BabelNet is a multilingual lexical-semantic knowledge graph, ontology and encyclopedic dictionary developed at the NLP group of the Sapienza University of Rome under the supervision of Roberto Navigli. BabelNet was automatically created by linking Wikipedia to the most popular computational lexicon of the En... |
BabelNet : As of December 2023, BabelNet (version 5.3) covers 600 languages. It contains almost 23 million synsets and around 1.7 billion word senses (regardless of their language). Each Babel synset contains 2 synonyms per language, i.e., word senses, on average. The semantic network includes all the lexico-semantic r... |
BabelNet : BabelNet has been shown to enable multilingual natural language processing applications. The lexicalized knowledge available in BabelNet has been shown to obtain state-of-the-art results in: Semantic relatedness, Multilingual word-sense disambiguation and entity linking, with the Babelfy system, Video games ... |
BabelNet : BabelNet received the META prize 2015 for "groundbreaking work in overcoming language barriers through a multilingual lexicalised semantic network and ontology making use of heterogeneous data sources". The Artificial Intelligence Journal paper that describes BabelNet won the Prominent Paper Award in 2017. B... |
BabelNet : Official website |
Basic Formal Ontology : Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is a top-level ontology developed by Barry Smith and his associates for the purposes of promoting interoperability among domain ontologies built in its terms through a process of downward population. A guide to building BFO-conformant domain ontologies was published b... |
Basic Formal Ontology : BFO has been adopted as a foundational ontology by over 450 ontology projects, principally in the areas of biomedical ontology, security and defense (intelligence) ontology, and industry ontologies. Example applications of BFO can be seen in the Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI). In 2... |
Basic Formal Ontology : Formal ontology ISO/IEC 21838 Ontology engineering Upper ontology |
Basic Formal Ontology : Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) Basic Formal Ontology 2.0 Basic Formal Ontology 2020 (GitHub) Smith, Barry (15 February 2018). Ontology for Systems Engineering (Short Version). Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. |
BCM Classification : The British Catalogue of Music Classification (BCM Classification) is a faceted classification that was commissioned from E. J. Coates by the Council of the British National Bibliography to organize the content of the British Catalogue of Music. The published schedule (1960) was considerably expand... |
Ronald J. Brachman : Ronald Jay "Ron" Brachman (born 1949) is the director of the Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute at Cornell Tech. Previously, he was the Chief Scientist of Yahoo! and head of Yahoo! Labs (Now Yahoo! Research). Prior to that, he was the Associate Head of Yahoo! Labs and Head of Worldwide Labs and Rese... |
Ronald J. Brachman : Brachman earned his B.S.E.E. degree from Princeton University, and his S.M. and Ph.D. degrees from Harvard University. |
Ronald J. Brachman : Prior to working at Yahoo!, Brachman worked at DARPA as the Director of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO), one of DARPA's eight offices at the time. While at IPTO, he helped develop DARPA's Cognitive Systems research efforts. Before that, he worked at AT&T Bell Laboratories (Murra... |
Ronald J. Brachman : He is the co-author with Hector Levesque of a popular book on knowledge representation and reasoning and many scientific papers. |
Ronald J. Brachman : External biography Archived 2008-01-17 at the Wayback Machine |
Brian Deer Classification System : The Brian Deer Classification System (BDC) is a library classification system used to organize materials in libraries with specialized Indigenous collections. The system was created in the mid-1970s by Canadian librarian A. Brian Deer, a Kahnawake Mohawk. It has been adapted for use i... |
Brian Deer Classification System : Deer designed his classification system while working in the library of the National Indian Brotherhood (now the Assembly of First Nations) from 1974 to 1976. Instead of using a standard library classification scheme, such as that of the Library of Congress, he created a new system to... |
Brian Deer Classification System : The high-level organizational structure of BDC reflects a First Nations worldview, with an emphasis on relationships between and among people, animals, and the land.: 22 Subcategories demonstrate the relationships among First Nations by grouping them geographically as opposed to alpha... |
Brian Deer Classification System : Brian Deer Classification System as adapted by the X̱wi7x̱wa Library Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs Resource Centre Revision of Brian Deer |
Brinkler classification : Brinkler classification is the library classification system of Bartol Brinkler described in his article "The Geographical Approach to Materials in the Library of Congress Subject Headings". The geographical aspect of a subject may be conveyed through three types of headings labeled A, B, and ... |
Brinkler classification : Brinkler, Bartol. The geographical approach to materials in the Library of Congress subject headings. Library Resources & Technical Services 6, no. 1 (Winter 1962): 49-64. |
Brinkler classification : Harvard University. Widener Library. Library of Congress Classification Outline. Princeton Alumni Weekly: Memorials 1937. |
C4 model : The C4 model is a lean graphical notation technique for modeling the architecture of software systems. It is based on a structural decomposition (a hierarchical tree structure) of a system into containers and components and relies on existing modelling techniques such as Unified Modeling Language (UML) or en... |
C4 model : The C4 model was created by the software architect Simon Brown between 2006 and 2011 on the roots of Unified Modelling Language (UML) and the 4+1 architectural view model. The launch of an official website under a Creative Commons license and an article published in 2018 popularised the emerging technique. |
C4 model : The C4 model documents the architecture of a software system, by showing multiple points of view that explain the decomposition of a system into containers and components, the relationship between these elements, and, where appropriate, the relation with its users. The viewpoints are organized according to t... |
C4 model : Software architecture |
C4 model : Official site |
Cardinal tree : A cardinal tree (or trie) of degree k, by analogy with cardinal numbers and by opposition with ordinal trees, is a rooted tree in which each node has k positions for an edge to a child. Each node has up to k children and each child of a given node is labeled by a unique integer from the set . For instan... |
CDS ISIS : CDS/ISIS is a software package for generalised Information Storage and Retrieval systems developed, maintained and disseminated by UNESCO. It was first released in 1985 and since then over 20,000 licences have been issued by UNESCO and a worldwide network of distributors. It is particularly suited to bibliog... |
CDS ISIS : IDIS is a tool for direct data exchange between CDS/ISIS and IDAMS. |
CDS ISIS : J-ISIS New UNESCO Java CDS/ISIS Software CDS/ISIS database software (UNESCO) International list hosted from 2010 by the ICCIsis (International Coordination Committee on ISIS) Archives of CDS-ISIS@NIC.SURFNET.NL (discontinued in 2010) http://openisis.org/ (discontinued) http://sourceforge.net/projects/isis (d... |
Certain answer : In database theory and knowledge representation, the certain answers is the set of answers to a given query consisting of the intersection of all the complete databases that are consistent with a given knowledge base. The notion of certain answer, investigated in database theory since the 1970s, is ind... |
Certain answer : In literature, the set of certain answers is usually defined as follows: c e r t ∩ ( Q , D ) = ⋂ (Q,D)=\bigcap \left\ where: Q is a query D is an incomplete database D ′ is any complete database consistent with D [ [ D ] ] is the semantics of D In description logics, such set may be defined in a... |
Certain answer : Open world assumption Closed world assumption Completeness (knowledge bases) |
Certain answer : Poggi, Antonella; Lembo, Domenico; Calvanese, Diego; De Giacomo, Giuseppe; Lenzerini, Maurizio; Rosati, Riccardo (2008). "Linking Data to Ontologies" (PDF). J. On Data Semantics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 10. pp. 133–173. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-77688-8_5. ISBN 978-3-540-77687-1. Kontchakov... |
Chinese Library Classification : The Chinese Library Classification (CLC; Chinese: 中国图书馆分类法), also known as Classification for Chinese Libraries (CCL), is effectively the national library classification scheme in China. It is used in almost all primary and secondary schools, universities, academic institutions, as well... |
Chinese Library Classification : The 22 top categories and selected sub-categories of CLC (5th Edition) are as follows: |
Chinese Library Classification : The other library classifications in China are: Library Classification of the People’s University of China (LCPUC) Library Classification of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LCCAS) Library Classification for Medium and Small Libraries (MSL) Library Classification of Wuhan University (LC... |
Chinese Library Classification : National first-class library Libraries in the People's Republic of China Ningbo Library Sibu classification |
Chinese Library Classification : Official website Contemporary Classification Systems and Thesauri in China, Zhang Qiyu, Liu Xiangsheng, Wang Dongbo, 62nd IFLA General Conference - Conference Proceedings - August 25-31, 1996 Chinese Library Classification Editorial Board Abridged third (obsolete) edition of CLC (in Chi... |
Chow–Liu tree : In probability theory and statistics Chow–Liu tree is an efficient method for constructing a second-order product approximation of a joint probability distribution, first described in a paper by Chow & Liu (1968). The goals of such a decomposition, as with such Bayesian networks in general, may be eithe... |
Chow–Liu tree : The Chow–Liu method describes a joint probability distribution P ( X 1 , X 2 , … , X n ) ,X_,\ldots ,X_) as a product of second-order conditional and marginal distributions. For example, the six-dimensional distribution P ( X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 ) ,X_,X_,X_,X_,X_) might be approximated as P ... |
Chow–Liu tree : Chow and Liu show how to select second-order terms for the product approximation so that, among all such second-order approximations (first-order dependency trees), the constructed approximation P ′ has the minimum Kullback–Leibler divergence to the actual distribution P , and is thus the closest appr... |
Chow–Liu tree : The obvious problem which occurs when the actual distribution is not in fact a second-order dependency tree can still in some cases be addressed by fusing or aggregating together densely connected subsets of variables to obtain a "large-node" Chow–Liu tree (Huang, King & Lyu 2002), or by extending the i... |
Chow–Liu tree : Bayesian network Knowledge representation |
Chow–Liu tree : == References == |
Class (knowledge representation) : In knowledge representation, a class is a collection of individuals or individuals objects. A class can be defined either by extension (specifying members), or by intension (specifying conditions), using what is called in some ontology languages like OWL. According to the type–token d... |
Class (knowledge representation) : Some examples of classes: Person, the class of all people, or the abstract object that can be described by the criteria for being a person. Vehicle, the class of all vehicles, or the abstract object that can be described by the criteria for being a vehicle. Car, the class of all cars,... |
Class (knowledge representation) : Classes – concepts that are also called type, sort, category, and kind – can be defined as an extension or an intension. According to an extensional definition, they are abstract groups, sets, or collections of objects. According to an intensional definition, they are abstract objects... |
Class (knowledge representation) : The instantiation relationship is a relation between objects and classes. We say that an object O, say Harry the eagle is an instance of a class, say Eagle. Harry the eagle has all the properties that we can attribute to an eagle, for example his parents were eagles, he is a bird, he ... |
Class (knowledge representation) : Ontologies vary on whether classes can contain other classes, whether a class can belong to itself, whether there is a universal class (that is, a class containing everything), etc. Sometimes restrictions along these lines are made in order to avoid certain well-known paradoxes. |
Class (knowledge representation) : Metaclass (Semantic Web) Ontology Ontology components Description logic Type-token distinction == References == |
Closed-world assumption : The closed-world assumption (CWA), in a formal system of logic used for knowledge representation, is the presumption that a statement that is true is also known to be true. Therefore, conversely, what is not currently known to be true, is false. The same name also refers to a logical formaliza... |
Closed-world assumption : In the context of knowledge management, the closed-world assumption is used in at least two situations: (1) when the knowledge base is known to be complete (e.g., a corporate database containing records for every employee), and (2) when the knowledge base is known to be incomplete but a "best"... |
Closed-world assumption : The first formalization of the closed-world assumption in formal logic consists in adding to the knowledge base the negation of the literals that are not currently entailed by it. The result of this addition is always consistent if the knowledge base is in Horn form, but is not guaranteed to b... |
Closed-world assumption : The language of logic programs with strong negation allows us to postulate the closed-world assumption for some statements and leave the other statements in the realm of the open-world assumption. An intermediate ground between OWA and CWA is provided by the partial-closed world assumption (PC... |
Closed-world assumption : Circumscription (logic) Default logic Negation as failure Non-monotonic logic Operational design domain Open-world assumption Partial-closed world assumption Stable model semantics Unique name assumption |
Closed-world assumption : https://web.archive.org/web/20090624113015/http://www.betaversion.org/~stefano/linotype/news/91/ Closed World Reasoning in the Semantic Web through Epistemic Operators Excerpt from Reiter's 1978 talk on the closed world assumption |
Cognitive categorization : Categorization is a type of cognition involving conceptual differentiation between characteristics of conscious experience, such as objects, events, or ideas. It involves the abstraction and differentiation of aspects of experience by sorting and distinguishing between groupings, through clas... |
Cognitive categorization : Categories are distinct collections of concrete or abstract instances (category members) that are considered equivalent by the cognitive system. Using category knowledge requires one to access mental representations that define the core features of category members (cognitive psychologists re... |
Cognitive categorization : The essential issue in studying categorization is how conceptual differentiation between characteristics of conscious experience begins in young, inexperienced organisms. Growing experimental data show evidence of differentiation between characteristics of objects and events in newborns and e... |
Cognitive categorization : While an exhaustive discussion of category learning is beyond the scope of this article, a brief overview of category learning and its associated theories is useful in understanding formal models of categorization. If categorization research investigates how categories are maintained and used... |
Cognitive categorization : Computational models of categorization have been developed to test theories about how humans represent and use category information. To accomplish this, categorization models can be fit to experimental data to see how well the predictions afforded by the model line up with human performance. ... |
Cognitive categorization : Social categorization consists of putting human beings into groups in order to identify them based on different criteria. Categorization is a process studied by scholars in cognitive science but can also be studied as a social activity. Social categorization is different from the categorizati... |
Cognitive categorization : There cannot be categorization without the possibility of miscategorization. To do "the right thing with the right kind of thing.", there has to be both a right and a wrong thing to do. Not only does a category of which "everything" is a member lead logically to the Russell paradox ("is it or... |
Cognitive categorization : Categorical perception Characterization (mathematics) Classification (general theory) Knolling Library classification Multi-label classification Pattern recognition Shared intentionality Statistical classification Symbol grounding problem |
Cognitive categorization : To Cognize is to Categorize: Cognition is Categorization Archived 2012-02-08 at the Wayback Machine Wikipedia Categories Visualizer Interdisciplinary Introduction to Categorization: Interview with Dvora Yanov (political sciences), Amie Thomasson (philosophy) and Thomas Serre (artificial intel... |
Cognitive map : A cognitive map is a type of mental representation used by an individual to order their personal store of information about their everyday or metaphorical spatial environment, and the relationship of its component parts. The concept was introduced by Edward Tolman in 1948. He tried to explain the behavi... |
Cognitive map : Cognitive maps have been studied in various fields, such as psychology, education, archaeology, planning, geography, cartography, architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning, management and history. Because of the broad use and study of cognitive maps, it has become a colloquialism for almost a... |
Cognitive map : The idea of a cognitive map was first developed by Edward C. Tolman. Tolman, one of the early cognitive psychologists, introduced this idea when doing an experiment involving rats and mazes. In Tolman's experiment, a rat was placed in a cross shaped maze and allowed to explore it. After this initial exp... |
Cognitive map : A cognitive map is a spatial representation of the outside world that is kept within the mind, until an actual manifestation (usually, a drawing) of this perceived knowledge is generated, a mental map. Cognitive mapping is the implicit, mental mapping the explicit part of the same process. In most cases... |
Cognitive map : The cognitive map is generated from a number of sources, both from the visual system and elsewhere. Much of the cognitive map is created through self-generated movement cues. Inputs from senses like vision, proprioception, olfaction, and hearing are all used to deduce a person's location within their en... |
Cognitive map : Cognitive mapping is believed to largely be a function of the hippocampus. The hippocampus is connected to the rest of the brain in such a way that it is ideal for integrating both spatial and nonspatial information. Connections from the postrhinal cortex and the medial entorhinal cortex provide spatial... |
Cognitive map : According to O'Keefe and Nadel (1978), not only humans require spatial abilities. Non-humans animals need them as well to find food, shelters, and other animals whether it is mates or predators. To do so, some animals establish relationships between landmarks, allowing them to make spatial inferences an... |
Cognitive map : In a review, Andrew T.D. Bennett noted two principal definitions for the "cognitive map" term. The first one, according to Tolman, O'Keefe, and Nadel, implies the capacity to create novel short-cutting thanks to vigorous memorization of the landmarks. The second one, according to Gallistel, considers a ... |
Cognitive map : Heuristics were found to be used in the manipulation and creation of cognitive maps. These internal representations are used by our memory as a guide in our external environment. It was found that when questioned about maps imaging, distancing, etc., people commonly made distortions to images. These dis... |
Cognitive map : Cognitive geography is distinctive because of its emphasis on geography as well as perception of space and environment. Fuzzy cognitive map establishes an important connection between concepts and actual events. Motion perception is more directly related to speed and direction processing. Repertory grid... |
Cognitive map : Media related to Cognitive maps at Wikimedia Commons |
Colon classification : Colon classification (CC) is a library catalogue system developed by Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan. It was an early faceted (or analytico-synthetic) classification system. The first edition of colon classification was published in 1933, followed by six more editions. It is especially used in libr... |
Colon classification : The colon classification system uses 42 main classes that are combined with other letters, numbers, and marks in a manner resembling the Library of Congress Classification. |
Colon classification : A common example of the colon classification is: "Research in the cure of the tuberculosis of lungs by x-ray conducted in India in 1950s": The main classification is Medicine; (Medicine) Within Medicine, the Lungs are the main concern; (Medicine,Lungs) The property of the Lungs is that they are a... |
Colon classification : Colon Classification (6th Edition) by Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan, published by Ess Ess Publications, Delhi, India Chan, Lois Mai. Cataloging and Classification: An Introduction. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, c. 1994. ISBN 0-07-010506-5. |
Completeness (knowledge bases) : The term completeness as applied to knowledge bases refers to two different concepts. |
Completeness (knowledge bases) : In formal logic, a knowledge base KB is complete if there is no formula α such that KB ⊭ α and KB ⊭ ¬α. Example of knowledge base with incomplete knowledge: KB := Then we have KB ⊭ A and KB ⊭ ¬A. In some cases, a consistent knowledge base can be made complete with the closed world assu... |
Completeness (knowledge bases) : In data management, completeness is metaknowledge that can be asserted for parts of the KB via completeness assertions. As example, a knowledge base may contain complete information for predicates R and S, while nothing is asserted for predicate T. Then consider the following queries: Q... |
Completeness (knowledge bases) : Certain answer Vivid knowledge == References == |
Composite Capability/Preference Profiles : Composite Capability/Preference Profiles (CC/PP) is a specification for defining capabilities and preferences of user agents (also known as "delivery context"). The delivery context can be used to guide the process of tailoring content for a user agent. CC/PP is a vocabulary e... |
Composite Capability/Preference Profiles : Composite Capability/Preference Profiles (CC/PP): Structure and Vocabularies 1.0 became a W3C recommendation on 15 January 2004. A "Last-Call Working-Draft" of CC/PP 2.0 was issued in April 2007 |
Composite Capability/Preference Profiles : Resource Description Framework (RDF) User Agent Profile (UAProf) Wireless Universal Resource File (WURFL) |
Composite Capability/Preference Profiles : W3C CC/PP Information Page Newest version of CC/PP: Structure and Vocabularies Composite Capability/Preference Profiles (CC/PP): Structure and Vocabularies 1.0 W3C Device Independence working group CC/PP: Structure and Vocabularies Test Suite CC/PP: Structure and Vocabularies ... |
Composite portrait : Composite portraiture (also known as composite photographs) is a technique invented by Sir Francis Galton in the 1880s after a suggestion by Herbert Spencer for registering photographs of human faces on the two eyes to create an "average" photograph of all those in the photographed group. Spencer h... |
Composite portrait : Samples of Galton's composites |
Computer Science Ontology : The Computer Science Ontology (CSO) is an automatically generated taxonomy of research topics in the field of Computer Science. It was produced by the Open University in collaboration with Springer Nature by running an information extraction system over a large corpus of scientific articles.... |
Computer Science Ontology : Recommender Systems. Computing the semantic similarity of documents. Extracting metadata from video lecture subtitles. Performing bibliometrics analysis. |
Concept map : A concept map or conceptual diagram is a diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts. Concept maps may be used by instructional designers, engineers, technical writers, and others to organize and structure knowledge. A concept map typically represents ideas and information as boxes or ci... |
Concept map : Topic maps: Both concept maps and topic maps are kinds of knowledge graph, but topic maps were developed by information management professionals for semantic interoperability of data (originally for book indices), whereas concept maps were developed by education professionals to support people's learning.... |
Concept map : Concept mapping was developed by the professor of education Joseph D. Novak and his research team at Cornell University in the 1970s as a means of representing the emerging science knowledge of students. It has subsequently been used as a way to increase meaningful learning in the sciences and other subje... |
Concept map : Concept maps are used to stimulate the generation of ideas, and are believed to aid creativity. Concept mapping is also sometimes used for brain-storming. Although they are often personalized and idiosyncratic, concept maps can be used to communicate complex ideas. Formalized concept maps are used in soft... |
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