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Concept map : Novak, J.D. (2009) [1998]. Learning, Creating, and Using Knowledge: Concept Maps as Facilitative Tools in Schools and Corporations (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9780415991858. Novak, J.D.; Gowin, D.B. (1984). Learning How to Learn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521319263. Moon, B.M.; Hoffma... |
Concept map : Example of a concept map from 1957 by Walt Disney. |
Concepticon : Concepticon is an open-source online lexical database of linguistic concept lists (word lists). It links concept labels (i.e., word list glosses) in concept lists (i.e., word lists) to concept sets (i.e., standardized word meanings). It is part of the Cross-Linguistic Linked Data (CLLD) project, which is ... |
Concepticon : Concept lists in the Concepticon include: Swadesh list (100 items, 207 items, etc.) Swadesh–Yakhontov list Dolgopolsky list Leipzig–Jakarta list ASJP list |
Concepticon : Conceptualization (information science) Ontology (information science) Intercontinental Dictionary Series |
Concepticon : List, Johann Mattis & Rzymski, Christoph & Greenhill, Simon & Schweikhard, Nathanael & Pianykh, Kristina & Tjuka, Annika & Hundt, Carolin & Forkel, Robert (eds.) 2021. CLLD Concepticon 2.5.0 [Data set]. Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.4911605 |
Concepticon : Official website Langavia Dictionary Synonyms Dictionary Concepticon on GitHub |
Conceptual graph : A conceptual graph (CG) is a formalism for knowledge representation. In the first published paper on CGs, John F. Sowa used them to represent the conceptual schemas used in database systems. The first book on CGs applied them to a wide range of topics in artificial intelligence, computer science, and... |
Conceptual graph : Since 1984, the model has been developed along three main directions: a graphical interface for first-order logic, a diagrammatic calculus of logics, and a graph-based knowledge representation and reasoning model. |
Conceptual graph : Alphabet of human thought Chunking (psychology) Resource Description Framework (RDF) SPARQL (Graph Query Language) Semantic network |
Conceptual graph : Conceptual Graphs Home Page Annual international conferences (ICCS) at DBLP Conceptual Graphs on John F. Sowa's Website |
Conceptualization (information science) : In information science a conceptualization is an abstract simplified view of some selected part of the world, containing the objects, concepts, and other entities that are presumed of interest for some particular purpose and the relationships between them. An explicit specifica... |
Conceptualization (information science) : As a higher level abstraction, a conceptualization facilitates the discussion and comparison of its various ontologies, facilitating knowledge sharing and reuse. Each ontology based upon the same overarching conceptualization maps the conceptualization into specific elements an... |
Conceptualization (information science) : Knowledge representation and reasoning Ontology alignment Ontology (information science) Semantic integration Semantic matching Semantic translation |
Conceptualization (information science) : Guizzardi, G (2007). "On Ontology, ontologies, conceptualizations, modeling languages and (meta)models" (PDF). In Olegas Vaselicas; Johan Edler; Albertas Caplinskas (eds.). Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications, databases and information systems IV. IOS Press. I... |
Conceptualization (information science) : Obitko, Marek (2006–2007). "Specification of conceptualization". Ontologies and the semantic web. This article incorporates material from the Citizendium article "Conceptualization (information science)", which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 U... |
Consistency (knowledge bases) : A knowledge base KB is consistent iff its negation is not a tautology. I.e., a knowledge base KB is inconsistent (not consistent) iff there is no interpretation which entails KB. Example of an inconsistent knowledge base: KB := Consistency in terms of knowledge bases is mostly the same ... |
Controlled vocabulary : Controlled vocabularies provide a way to organize knowledge for subsequent retrieval. They are used in subject indexing schemes, subject headings, thesauri, taxonomies and other knowledge organization systems. Controlled vocabulary schemes mandate the use of predefined, preferred terms that have... |
Controlled vocabulary : In library and information science, controlled vocabulary is a carefully selected list of words and phrases, which are used to tag units of information (document or work) so that they may be more easily retrieved by a search. Controlled vocabularies solve the problems of homographs, synonyms and... |
Controlled vocabulary : There are three main types of indexing languages. Controlled indexing language – only approved terms can be used by the indexer to describe the document Natural language indexing language – any term from the document in question can be used to describe the document Free indexing language – any t... |
Controlled vocabulary : Controlled vocabularies, such as the Library of Congress Subject Headings, are an essential component of bibliography, the study and classification of books. They were initially developed in library and information science. In the 1950s, government agencies began to develop controlled vocabulari... |
Controlled vocabulary : Directory of Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV) |
Cutter Expansive Classification : The Cutter Expansive Classification system is a library classification system devised by Charles Ammi Cutter. The system was the basis for the top categories of the Library of Congress Classification. |
Cutter Expansive Classification : Charles Ammi Cutter (1837–1903), inspired by the decimal classification of his contemporary Melvil Dewey, and with Dewey's initial encouragement, developed his own classification scheme for the Winchester, Massachusetts town library and then the Boston Athenaeum, at which he served as ... |
Cutter Expansive Classification : The Expansive Classification uses seven separate schedules, each designed to be used by libraries of different sizes. After the first, each schedule was an expansion of the previous one, and Cutter provided instructions for how a library might change from one expansion to another as it... |
Cutter Expansive Classification : Most call numbers in the Expansive Classification follow conventions offering clues to the book's subject. The first line represents the subject, the second the author (and perhaps title), the third and fourth dates of editions, indications of translations, and critical works on partic... |
Cutter Expansive Classification : Bliss, Henry Evelyn. The Organization of Knowledge in Libraries: and the Subject-Approach to Books, 2nd ed. New York: H. W. Wilson, 1939. Cutter, Charles A. Rules for a Dictionary Catalog. W. P. Cutter, ed. 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1904. London: The Library... |
Cutter Expansive Classification : The Boston Athenaeum's Guide to the classification system developed by Cutter for their collection Forbes Library's Outline of Cutter's Expansive Classification system A brief guide to the Expansive Classification from Forbes Library Rules for a dictionary catalog, by Charles A. Cutter... |
Darwin Core : Darwin Core (often abbreviated to DwC) is an extension of Dublin Core for biodiversity informatics. It is meant to provide a stable standard reference for sharing information on biological diversity (biodiversity). The terms described in this standard are a part of a larger set of vocabularies and technic... |
Darwin Core : The Darwin Core is a body of standards intended to facilitate the sharing of information about biological diversity. The DwC includes a glossary of terms, and documentation providing reference definitions, examples, and commentary. An overview of the currently adopted terms and concepts can be found in th... |
Darwin Core : Darwin Core was originally created as a Z39.50 profile by the Z39.50 Biology Implementers Group (ZBIG), supported by funding from a USA National Science Foundation award. The name "Darwin Core" was first coined by Allen Allison at the first meeting of the ZBIG held at the University of Kansas in 1998 whil... |
Darwin Core : The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) The Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums (OZCAM) Mammal Networked Information System (MaNIS) Ornithological Information System (ORNIS) FishNet 2 VertNet Cana... |
Darwin Core : Darwin Core Archive Data Curation Network Simple Darwin Core for Non-Biologists Primer |
Darwin Core : Darwin Core Quick Reference Guide Darwin Core Development Site Official Darwin Core Website Executive Summary of Darwin Core Darwin Core Standard Specifications - GitHub repository where DwC is actively maintained |
Darwin Core Archive : Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A) is a biodiversity informatics data standard that makes use of the Darwin Core terms to produce a single, self-contained dataset for species occurrence, checklist, sampling event or material sample data. Essentially it is a set of text (CSV) files with a simple descripto... |
Darwin Core Archive : The Darwin Core standard has been used to mobilize the vast majority of specimen occurrence and observational records within the GBIF network. The Darwin Core standard was originally conceived to facilitate the discovery, retrieval, and integration of information about modern biological specimens,... |
Darwin Core Archive : The central idea of an archive is that its data files are logically arranged in a star-like manner, with one core data file surrounded by any number of ’extensions’. Each extension record (or ‘extension file row’) points to a record in the core file; in this way, zero to many extension records can... |
Darwin Core Archive : Darwin Core Quick Reference Guide Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Biodiversity informatics |
Data custodian : In data governance groups, responsibilities for data management are increasingly divided between the business process owners and information technology (IT) departments. Two functional titles commonly used for these roles are data steward and data custodian. Data Stewards are commonly responsible for d... |
Data custodian : A data custodian ensures: Access to the data is authorized and controlled Data stewards are identified for each data set Technical processes sustain data integrity Processes exist for data quality issue resolution in partnership with data stewards Technical controls safeguard data Data added to data se... |
Data custodian : Data governance Data steward |
Data custodian : Establishing data stewards, by Jonathan G. Geiger, Teradata Magazine Online, September 2008, http://apps.teradata.com/tdmo/v08n03/Features/EstablishingDataStewards.aspx A Rose By Any Other Name – Titles In Data Governance, by Anne Marie Smith, Ph.D., EIMInstitute.ORG Archives, Volume 1, Issue 13, March... |
Data dictionary : A data dictionary, or metadata repository, as defined in the IBM Dictionary of Computing, is a "centralized repository of information about data such as meaning, relationships to other data, origin, usage, and format". Oracle defines it as a collection of tables with metadata. The term can have one of... |
Data dictionary : The terms data dictionary and data repository indicate a more general software utility than a catalogue. A catalogue is closely coupled with the DBMS software. It provides the information stored in it to the user and the DBA, but it is mainly accessed by the various software modules of the DBMS itself... |
Data dictionary : In the construction of database applications, it can be useful to introduce an additional layer of data dictionary software, i.e. middleware, which communicates with the underlying DBMS data dictionary. Such a "high-level" data dictionary may offer additional features and a degree of flexibility that ... |
Data dictionary : Developers use a data description specification (DDS) to describe data attributes in file descriptions that are external to the application program that processes the data, in the context of an IBM i. The sys.ts$ table in Oracle stores information about every table in the database. It is part of the d... |
Data dictionary : Here is a non-exhaustive list of typical items found in a data dictionary for columns or fields: Entity or form name or their ID (EntityID or FormID). The group this field belongs to. Field name, such as RDBMS field name Displayed field title. May default to field name if blank. Field type (string, in... |
Data dictionary : Data hierarchy Data modeling Database catalog Database schema ISO/IEC 11179 Metadata registry Semantic spectrum Vocabulary OneSource Metadata repository |
Data dictionary : Yourdon, Structured Analysis Wiki, Data Dictionaries (Web archive) Octopai, Data Dictionary vs. Business Glossary |
Data steward : A data steward is an oversight or data governance role within an organization, and is responsible for ensuring the quality and fitness for purpose of the organization's data assets, including the metadata for those data assets. A data steward may share some responsibilities with a data custodian, such as... |
Data steward : A data steward ensures that each assigned data element: Has clear and unambiguous data element definition Does not conflict with other data elements in the metadata registry (removes duplicates, overlap etc.) Has clear enumerated value definitions if it is of type Code Is still being used (remove unused ... |
Data steward : Depending on the set of data stewardship responsibilities assigned to an individual, there are 4 types (or dimensions of responsibility) of data stewards typically found within an organization: Data object data steward - responsible for managing reference data and attributes of one business data entity B... |
Data steward : Systematic data stewardship can foster: Faster analysis Consistent use of data management resources Easy mapping of data between computer systems and exchange documents Lower costs associated with migration to (for example) Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Mitigation of data risk Better control of dan... |
Data steward : Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) offers an example of data stewardship implementation at a research institution. In 2017 the Data Stewardship Project was initiated at TU Delft to address research data management needs in a disciplinary manner across the whole campus. Dedicated data stewards with... |
Data steward : A new market for data governance applications is emerging, one in which both technical and business staff — stewards — manage policies. These new applications, like previous generations, deliver a strong business glossary capability, but they do not stop there. Information stewardship applications are bu... |
Data steward : Metadata Metadata registry Data curation Data element Data element definition Representation term ISO/IEC 11179 |
Data steward : Plotkin, David (31 October 2020). Data Stewardship: An Actionable Guide to Effective Data Management and Data Governance (2 ed.). Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 978-0128221327. Smallwood, Robert F. (2019). Information governance : concepts, strategies and best practices (2 ed.). John Wiley and Sons, inc. ISBN 978... |
Deductive classifier : A deductive classifier is a type of artificial intelligence inference engine. It takes as input a set of declarations in a frame language about a domain such as medical research or molecular biology. For example, the names of classes, sub-classes, properties, and restrictions on allowable values.... |
Deductive classifier : A classic problem in knowledge representation for artificial intelligence is the trade off between the expressive power and the computational efficiency of the knowledge representation system. The most powerful form of knowledge representation is first-order logic. However, it is not possible to ... |
Deductive classifier : The earliest versions of classifiers were logic theorem provers. The first classifier to work with a frame language was the KL-ONE classifier. A later system built on common lisp was LOOM from the Information Sciences Institute. LOOM provided true object-oriented capabilities leveraging the Commo... |
Deductive classifier : Fact++ Reasoner HermiT Reasoner Protege Ontology Editor == References == |
Default logic : Default logic is a non-monotonic logic proposed by Raymond Reiter to formalize reasoning with default assumptions. Default logic can express facts like “by default, something is true”; by contrast, standard logic can only express that something is true or that something is false. This is a problem becau... |
Default logic : A default theory is a pair ⟨ W , D ⟩ . W is a set of logical formulas, called the background theory, that formalize the facts that are known for sure. D is a set of default rules, each one being of the form: P r e r e q u i s i t e : J u s t i f i c a t i o n 1 , … , J u s t i f i c a t i o n n C o n c... |
Default logic : A default rule can be applied to a theory if its precondition is entailed by the theory and its justifications are all consistent with the theory. The application of a default rule leads to the addition of its consequence to the theory. Other default rules may then be applied to the resulting theory. Wh... |
Default logic : The following variants of default logic differ from the original one on both syntax and semantics. Assertional variants An assertion is a pair ⟨ p : ⟩ ,\ldots ,r_\\rangle composed of a formula and a set of formulae. Such a pair indicates that p is true while the formulae r 1 , … , r n ,\ldots ,r_ have... |
Default logic : Default theories can be translated into theories in other logics and vice versa. The following conditions on translations have been considered: Consequence-Preserving the original and the translated theories have the same (propositional) consequences; Faithful this condition only makes sense when transl... |
Default logic : The computational complexity of the following problems about default logic is known: Existence of extensions deciding whether a propositional default theory has at least one extension is Σ 2 P ^ -complete; Skeptical entailment deciding whether a propositional default theory skeptically entails a proposi... |
Default logic : Four systems implementing default logics are DeReS, XRay, GADeL Archived 2007-04-06 at the Wayback Machine, and Catala. |
Default logic : Answer set programming Defeasible logic Non-monotonic logic Logic programming |
Default logic : G. Antoniou (1999). A tutorial on default logics. ACM Computing Surveys, 31(4):337-359. M. Cadoli, F. M. Donini, P. Liberatore, and M. Schaerf (2000). Space efficiency of propositional knowledge representation formalisms Archived 2013-05-09 at the Wayback Machine. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Rese... |
Default logic : Schmidt, Charles F. RCI.Rutgers.edu, Default Logic. Retrieved August 10, 2004. Ramsay, Allan (1999). UMIST.ac.uk, Default Logic. Retrieved August 10, 2004. Stanford.edu, Defeasible reasoning, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. |
Designated community : In information and archival communities, a designated community is an identified group of potential consumers who should be able to understand a particular set of information. These consumers may consist of multiple communities, are designated by the archive, and may change over time. Organizatio... |
Designated community : Canada's York University has a specific definition for its digital preservation designated communities. They categorize them as “primary” and “secondary” communities. This demonstrates their prioritization of the intent behind what is digitally preserved. With a primary community made up of the u... |
Digital curation : Digital curation is the selection, preservation, maintenance, collection, and archiving of digital assets. Digital curation establishes, maintains, and adds value to repositories of digital data for present and future use. This is often accomplished by archivists, librarians, scientists, historians, ... |
Digital curation : Much like the word archive has layered meanings and uses, the word curation is both a noun and a verb, used originally in the field of museology to represent a wide range of activities, most often associated with collection care, long-term preservation, and exhibition design. Curation can be a refere... |
Digital curation : The term "digital curation" was first used in the e-science and biological science fields as a means of differentiating the additional suite of activities ordinarily employed by library and museum curators to add value to their collections and enable its reuse from the smaller subtask of simply prese... |
Digital curation : The term "digital curation" is sometimes used interchangeably with terms such as "digital preservation" and "digital archiving." While digital preservation does focus a significant degree of energy on optimizing reusability, preservation remains a subtask to the concept of digital archiving, which is... |
Digital curation : Many approaches to digital curation exist and have evolved over time in response to the changing technological landscape. Two examples of this are sheer curation and channelization. Sheer curation is an approach to digital curation where curation activities are quietly integrated into the normal work... |
Digital curation : Digital preservation Data curation Digital asset management Digital Forensics Data format management Digital artifactual value Digital obsolescence Curator Biocurator |
Digital curation : Animations introducing digital preservation and curation Digital Curation Centre Google Arts & Culture Online platform of high-resolution images and videos of artworks and cultural artifacts from cultural organizations throughout the world. DigitalCurator.art/ Project allows users to explore the art ... |
DOAP : DOAP (Description of a Project) is an RDF Schema and XML vocabulary to describe software projects, in particular free and open source software. It was created and initially developed by Edd Dumbill to convey semantic information associated with open source software projects. |
DOAP : There are currently generators, validators, viewers, and converters to enable more projects to be able to be included in the semantic web. Freecode's 43 000 projects are now available published with DOAP. It was used in the Python Package Index but is no longer supported there. Major properties include: homepage... |
DOAP : The following is an example in RDF/XML: Other properties include Implements specification, anonymous root, platform, browse, mailing list, category, description, helper, tester, short description, audience, screenshots, translator, module, documenter, wiki, repository, name, repository location, language, servic... |
DOAP : Doap Project on GitHub OSS Watch DOAP Briefing Note doapamatic: DOAP generator |
Dublin Core : The Dublin Core vocabulary, also known as the Dublin Core Metadata Terms (DCMT), is a general purpose metadata vocabulary for describing resources of any type. It was first developed for describing web content in the early days of the World Wide Web. The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) is responsib... |
Dublin Core : 1995 - In 1995 an invitational meeting hosted by the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC) and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) takes place at Dublin, Ohio, the headquarters of OCLC. 1998, September - RFC 2413 "Dublin Core Metadata for Resource Discovery" details the original 15-ele... |
Dublin Core : The Dublin Core Element Set was a response to concern about accurate finding of resources on the Web, with some early assumptions that this would be a library function. In particular it anticipated a future in which scholarly materials would be searchable on the World Wide Web. Whereas HTML was being used... |
Dublin Core : Changes that are made to the Dublin Core standard are reviewed by a DCMI Usage Board within the context of a DCMI Namespace Policy. This policy describes how terms are assigned and also sets limits on the amount of editorial changes allowed to the labels, definitions, and usage comments. |
Dublin Core : The Dublin Core Metadata Terms vocabulary has been formally standardized internationally as ISO 15836 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and as IETF RFC 5013 by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), as well as in the U.S. as ANSI/NISO Z39.85 by the National Information Stand... |
Dublin Core : Syntax choices for metadata expressed with the Dublin Core elements depend on context. Dublin Core concepts and semantics are designed to be syntax independent and apply to a variety of contexts, as long as the metadata is in a form suitable for interpretation by both machines and people. |
Dublin Core : One Document Type Definition based on Dublin Core is the Open Source Metadata Framework (OMF) specification. OMF is in turn used by Rarian (superseding ScrollKeeper), which is used by the GNOME desktop and KDE help browsers and the ScrollServer documentation server. PBCore is also based on Dublin Core. Th... |
Dublin Core : Metadata registry Metadata Object Description Schema Ontology (information science) Open Archives Initiative (OAI) Controlled vocabulary Interoperability Darwin Core, a Dublin Core extension for biodiversity informatics |
Dublin Core : Official website Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Publishes DCMI Abstract Model (Cover Pages, March 2005) Dublin Core Generator A JavaScript/JQuery tool for working with Dublin core metadata code Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) |
Dynamic knowledge repository : The dynamic knowledge repository (DKR) is a concept developed by Douglas C. Engelbart as a primary strategic focus for allowing humans to address complex problems. He has proposed that a DKR will enable us to develop a collective IQ greater than any individual's IQ. References and discuss... |
Dynamic knowledge repository : A knowledge repository is a computerized system that systematically captures, organizes and categorizes an organization's knowledge. The repository can be searched and data can be quickly retrieved. The effective knowledge repositories include factual, conceptual, procedural and meta-cogn... |
Dynamic knowledge repository : Engelbart, Douglas and Ruilifson, Jeff (1999). "Bootstrapping Our Collective Intelligence". ACM Comput. Surv. 31 (4es). ACM: 38–es. doi:10.1145/345966.346040. ISSN 0360-0300. S2CID 32535290.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) |
E-services : Electronic services or e-services are services that make use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The three main components of e-services are: service provider; service receiver; and the channels of service delivery (i.e., technology) For example, with respect to public e-service, public a... |
E-services : Lu (2001) identifies a number of benefits for e-services, some of these are: Accessing a greater customer base Broadening market reach Lowering of entry barrier to new markets and cost of acquiring new customers Alternative communication channel to customers Increasing services to customers Enhancing perce... |
E-services : E-shops are open 24 hours a day. There is no need to travel to the malls or wait at the checkout counters. There is usually a wide selection of goods and services. It is easy to compare prices and quality by using the E-shopping tool. Price reduction and discounts are electronically conveyed. |
E-services : The term ‘e-service’ has many applications and can be found in many disciplines. The two dominant application areas of e-services are: E-business (or e-commerce): e-services mostly provided by businesses or non-government organizations (NGOs) (private sector). E-government: e-services provided by governmen... |
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