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E-services : Depending on the types of services, there are certain functionalities required in the certain layers of e-service architectural framework, these include but are not limited to: Data layer (data sources), processing layers (customer service systems, management systems, data warehouse systems, integrated cus... |
E-services : Measuring service quality and service excellence are important in a competitive organizational environment. The SERVQUAL- service quality model is one of the widely used tools for measuring quality of the service on various aspects. The five attributes of this model are: reliability, responsiveness, assura... |
E-services : Some major cost factors are (Lu, 2001): Expense of setting up applications Maintaining applications Internet connection Hardware/software Security concerns legal issues Training; and Rapid technology changes |
E-services : Information technology is a powerful tool for accelerating economic development. Developing countries have focused on the development of ICT during the last two decades and as a result, it has been recognized that ICT is critical to economy and is as a catalyst of economic development. So, in recent years ... |
E-services : The future of e-service is bright but some challenges remain. There are some challenges in e-service, as Sheth & Sharma (2007) identify, are: Low penetration of ICT especially in the developing countries; Fraud on the internet space which is estimated around 2.8billion USD Privacy due to the emergence of v... |
E-services : A considerable amount of research efforts already exists on the subject matter exploring different aspects of e-service and e-service delivery; one worth noting effort is Rowley's study (2006) who did a review study on the e-service literature. The key finding of his study is that there is need to explore ... |
E-services : The perceived effectiveness of e-service can be influenced by public’s view of the social and cultural implications of e-technologies and e-service. Impacts on individuals’ rights and privacy – as more and more companies and government agencies use technology to collect, store, and make accessible data on ... |
E-services : The benefits of e-services in advancing businesses efficiency and in promoting good governance are huge; recognizing the importance of these benefits has resulted in number of international awards that are dedicated to recognize the best designed e-services. In the section, we will provide description of s... |
E-services : There are some journals particularly interested for “e-Service “. Some of these are: International Journal of E-services and Mobile Applications eService Journal European Journal of Information Systems MIS Quarterly Information & Management Information Systems Journal International Journal of Electronic Go... |
E-services : Electronic services delivery Customer knowledge |
E-services : E-services delivery The Best E-Government Sites The World Bank (InfoDev) e-Government toolkit |
East Pole–West Pole divide : The East Pole–West Pole divide in the fields of cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience is an intellectual schism between researchers subscribing to the nativist and empiricist schools of thought. The term arose from the fact that much of the theory and research supporting nativism,... |
East Pole–West Pole divide : Nature and nurture Empiricism Psychological nativism Computational theory of mind Embodied cognition Reductionism Emergentism |
East Pole–West Pole divide : Recipe for a Brain: Cups of genes or a dash of experience? NY Times article George Lakoff's discussion of the philosophical roots of embodied cognition |
Enactive interfaces : Enactive interfaces are interactive systems that allow organization and transmission of knowledge obtained through action. Examples are interfaces that couple a human with a machine to do things usually done unaided, such as shaping a three-dimensional object using multiple modality interactions w... |
Enactive interfaces : Enactive knowledge is information gained through perception–action interaction in the environment. In many aspects the enactive knowledge is more natural than the other forms both in terms of the learning process and in the way it is applied in the world. Such knowledge is inherently multimodal be... |
Enactive interfaces : Multimodal interfaces are a good candidate for the creation of Enactive interfaces because of their coordinated use of haptic, sound and vision. Such research is the main objective of the ENACTIVE Network of Excellence, a European consortium of more than 20 research laboratories that are joining t... |
Enactive interfaces : The research on enactive knowledge and enactive interfaces is the objective of the ENACTIVE Network of Excellence. A Network of Excellence is a European Community research instrument that provides fundings for the integration of the research activities of different research laboratories and instit... |
Enactive interfaces : Vimeo, video of a three-dimensional dynamic interactive graphical display allowing a human operator to visualize and manipulate data. |
Enactive interfaces : Guy Boy (2012). Orchestrating Human-Centered Design. Springer. p. 118. ISBN 9781447143383. "The organization producing the system can itself be defined as an autopoietic system in Maturana and Varela's sense. An autopoietic system is producer and product at the same time. HCD [Human Centered Desig... |
Enactivism : Enactivism is a position in cognitive science that argues that cognition arises through a dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment. It claims that the environment of an organism is brought about, or enacted, by the active exercise of that organism's sensorimotor processes. "The ke... |
Enactivism : Enactivism is one of a cluster of related theories sometimes known as the 4Es. As described by Mark Rowlands, mental processes are: Embodied involving more than the brain, including a more general involvement of bodily structures and processes. Embedded functioning only in a related external environment. E... |
Enactivism : McGann & others argue that enactivism attempts to mediate between the explanatory role of the coupling between cognitive agent and environment and the traditional emphasis on brain mechanisms found in neuroscience and psychology. In the interactive approach to social cognition developed by De Jaegher & oth... |
Enactivism : The first definition of enaction was introduced by psychologist Jerome Bruner, who introduced enaction as 'learning by doing' in his discussion of how children learn, and how they can best be helped to learn. He associated enaction with two other ways of knowledge organization: Iconic and Symbolic. "Any do... |
Enactivism : The ideas of enactivism regarding how organisms engage with their environment have interested those involved in robotics and man-machine interfaces. The analogy is drawn that a robot can be designed to interact and learn from its environment in a manner similar to the way an organism does, and a human can ... |
Enactivism : One of the essential theses of this approach is that biological systems generate meanings, i.e. they are semiotic systems, engaging in transformational and not merely informational interactions. Since this thesis raised the problems of beginning cognition for organisms in the developmental stage of only si... |
Enactivism : Clark, Andy (2015). Surfing uncertainty: Prediction, action, and the embodied mind. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190217013. De Jaegher H.; Di Paolo E. A. (2007). "Participatory sense-making: An enactive approach to social cognition". Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. 6 (4): 485–507. doi:10.100... |
Enactivism : "Enactivism". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Pietro Morasso (2005). "Consciousness as the emergent property of the interaction between brain, body, & environment: the crucial role of haptic perception" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-05-08. Slides related to a chapter on haptic percep... |
Enterprise interoperability : Enterprise interoperability is the ability of an enterprise—a company or other large organization—to functionally link activities, such as product design, supply chains, manufacturing, in an efficient and competitive way. The research in interoperability of enterprise practised in is vario... |
Enterprise interoperability framework : The enterprise interoperability framework is used as a guideline for collecting and structuring knowledge/solution for enterprise interoperability. The framework defines the domains and sub-domains for interoperability research and development in order to identify a set of pieces... |
Enterprise interoperability framework : Some existing works on interoperability have been carried out to define interoperability framework or reference models, in particular, the LISI reference model, European Interoperability Framework (EIF), IDEAS interoperability framework, ATHENA interoperability framework, and E-H... |
Enterprise interoperability framework : The Enterprise Interoperability Framework allows to: Capture and structure interoperability knowledge/solutions in the framework through a barrier-driven approach Provide support to enterprise interoperability engineers and industry end users to carry out their interoperability p... |
Enterprise interoperability framework : INTEROP-VLab DI.2.Enterprise Interoperability Framework and knowledge corpus DI.3.Enterprise Interoperability Framework and knowledge corpus |
ERIL : ERIL (Entity-Relationship and Inheritance Language) is a visual language for representing the data structure of a computer system. As its name suggests, ERIL is based on entity-relationship diagrams and class diagrams. ERIL combines the relational and object-oriented approaches to data modeling. |
ERIL : ERIL can be seen as a set of guidelines aimed at improving the readability of structure diagrams. These guidelines were borrowed from DRAKON, a variant of flowcharts created within the Russian space program. ERIL itself was developed by Stepan Mitkin. The ERIL guidelines for drawing diagrams: Lines must be strai... |
ERIL : A class (table) in ERIL can have several indexes. Each index in ERIL can include one or more fields, similar to indexes in relational databases. ERIL indexes are logical. They can optionally be implemented by real data structures. |
ERIL : Links between classes (tables) in ERIL are implemented by the so-called "link" fields. Link fields can be of different types according to the link type: reference; collection of references. Example: there is a one-to-many link between Documents and Lines. One Document can have many Lines. Then the Document.Lines... |
ERIL : ERIL is supposed to model any kind of data regardless of the storage. The same ERIL diagram can represent data stored in a relational database, in a NoSQL database, XML file or in the memory. ERIL diagrams serve two purposes. The primary purpose is to explain the data structure of an existing or future system or... |
ERIL : Model-driven engineering UML Entity–relationship model Flowcharts Class diagram DRAKON == Notes == |
Event calculus : The event calculus is a logical theory for representing and reasoning about events and about the way in which they change the state of some real or artificial world. It deals both with action events, which are performed by agents, and with external events, which are outside the control of any agent. Th... |
Event calculus : In the event calculus, fluents are reified. This means that fluents are represented by terms. For example, h o l d s A t ( o n ( g r e e n _ b l o c k , t a b l e ) , 1 ) (on(green\_block,table),1) expresses that the g r e e n _ b l o c k is on the t a b l e at time 1 . Here h o l d s A t is a pred... |
Event calculus : The event calculus was developed in part as an alternative to the situation calculus, as a solution to the frame problem, of representing and reasoning about the way in which actions and other events change the state of some world. There are many variants of the event calculus. But the core axiom of on... |
Event calculus : To apply the event calculus in a particular problem domain, it is necessary to define the i n i t i a t e s and t e r m i n a t e s predicates for that domain. For example, in the blocks world domain, an event m o v e ( O b j e c t , P l a c e ) of moving an object onto a place intitiates the fluent... |
Event calculus : To apply the event calculus, given the definitions of the h o l d s A t , i n i t i a t e s , t e r m i n a t e s , < and ≤ predicates, it is necessary to define the h a p p e n s A t predicates that describe the specific context of the problem. For example, in the blocks world domain, we might w... |
Event calculus : The event calculus has a natural implementation in pure Prolog (without any features that do not have a logical interpretation). For example, the blocks world scenario above can be implemented (with minor modifications) by the program: The Prolog program differs from the earlier formalisation in the fo... |
Event calculus : In addition to Prolog and its variants, several other tools for reasoning using the event calculus are also available: Abductive Event Calculus Planners Discrete Event Calculus Reasoner Event Calculus Answer Set Programming Reactive Event Calculus Run-Time Event Calculus (RTEC) Epistemic Probabilistic ... |
Event calculus : Notable extensions of the event calculus include Markov logic networks–based variants probabilistic, epistemic and their combinations. |
Event calculus : First-order logic Frame problem Situation calculus |
Event calculus : Brandano, S. (2001) "The Event Calculus Assessed," IEEE TIME Symposium: 7-12. R. Kowalski and F. Sadri (1995) "Variants of the Event Calculus," ICLP: 67-81. Mueller, Erik T. (2015). Commonsense Reasoning: An Event Calculus Based Approach (2nd Ed.). Waltham, MA: Morgan Kaufmann/Elsevier. ISBN 978-012801... |
F-logic : F-logic (Frame logic) is a knowledge representation and ontology language. It combines the advantages of conceptual modeling with object-oriented, frame-based languages, and offers a declarative, compact and simple syntax, and the well-defined semantics of a logic programming language. Features include, among... |
F-logic : F-logic was developed by Michael Kifer at Stony Brook University and Georg Lausen at the University of Mannheim. F-logic was originally developed for deductive databases, but is now used most often for semantic technologies, especially the semantic web. F-logic is considered as one of the formalisms for ontol... |
F-logic : Classes and individuals may be defined in F-logic as follows: man::person. woman::person. brad:man. angelina:woman. This states, that "men and women are persons" and that "Brad is a man", and "Angelina is a woman". Statements about classes and individuals may be made as follows: person[hasSon=>man]. brad[hasS... |
F-logic : Flora-2 is an extension of F-logic with HiLog, transaction logic, and defeasible reasoning. Ergo is a commercial system based on F-logic, which extends Flora-2. PathLP is a full logic programming language based on F-logic. FLORID (F-LOgic Reasoning In Databases) is a C++ — based implementation Web Services Mo... |
Faceted classification : A faceted classification is a classification scheme used in organizing knowledge into a systematic order. A faceted classification uses semantic categories, either general or subject-specific, that are combined to create the full classification entry. Many library classification systems use a c... |
Faceted classification : There are two primary types of classification used for information organization: enumerative and faceted. An enumerative classification contains a full set of entries for all concepts. A faceted classification system uses a set of semantically cohesive categories that are combined as needed to ... |
Faceted classification : Search in systems with faceted classification can enable a user to navigate information along multiple paths corresponding to different orderings of the facets. This contrasts with traditional taxonomies in which the hierarchy of categories is fixed and unchanging. It is also possible to use fa... |
Faceted classification : Hierarchical classification refers to the classification of objects using one single hierarchical taxonomy. Faceted classification may actually employ hierarchy in one or more of its facets, but allows for the use of more than one taxonomy to classify objects. Faceted classification systems all... |
Faceted classification : Classification Research Group – Was a group contributing to classification research and theory in library and information science Controlled vocabulary – Method of organizing knowledge Decimal classification Universal Decimal Classification – Bibliographic and library classification system Find... |
Faceted classification : A faceted classification is a classification scheme used in organizing knowledge into a systematic order. A faceted classification uses semantic categories, either general or subject-specific, that are combined to create the full classification entry. Many library classification systems use a c... |
Faceted classification : There are two primary types of classification used for information organization: enumerative and faceted. An enumerative classification contains a full set of entries for all concepts. A faceted classification system uses a set of semantically cohesive categories that are combined as needed to ... |
Faceted classification : Search in systems with faceted classification can enable a user to navigate information along multiple paths corresponding to different orderings of the facets. This contrasts with traditional taxonomies in which the hierarchy of categories is fixed and unchanging. It is also possible to use fa... |
Faceted classification : Hierarchical classification refers to the classification of objects using one single hierarchical taxonomy. Faceted classification may actually employ hierarchy in one or more of its facets, but allows for the use of more than one taxonomy to classify objects. Faceted classification systems all... |
Faceted classification : Classification Research Group – Was a group contributing to classification research and theory in library and information science Controlled vocabulary – Method of organizing knowledge Decimal classification Universal Decimal Classification – Bibliographic and library classification system Find... |
FAO Country Profiles : The FAO Country Profiles is a multilingual web portal that repackages the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) information archive on its global activities in agriculture and food security in a single area and catalogues it exclusively by country and thematic areas. The o... |
FAO Country Profiles : FAO has highlighted information and knowledge sharing as priority areas in fighting hunger and achieving food security. In this context, FAO identified countries could improve their national programs on agriculture and food security if they accessed FAO's information through a cross-sectoral (or ... |
FAO Country Profiles : The methodology behind the FAO Country Profiles is rather simple; it links, reuses and repackages data and information from most relevant existing FAO databases and systems. The FAO Country Profiles covers current FAO Members and Associated Nations. Once a country is selected, the portal presents... |
FAO Country Profiles : There are various international standards and coding systems to manage country information. Historically, systems dealing with different types of data used different coding systems that were tailored to specific data type requirements. For example, statistical systems in the United Nations common... |
FAO Country Profiles : Besides the profiles for each country the portal also provides access to other important global resources, such as: |
FAO Country Profiles : Early criticism of the FAO Country Profiles was that it only contained few resources. Since 2002, the number of available resources has increased to cover country-based information and data, directly linked from FAO's web pages or FAO's digital repositories. Over the last years, another identifie... |
FAO Country Profiles : Agricultural Information Management Standards AGROVOC Country codes Food and Agriculture Organization Forestry Information Centre Geopolitical ontology |
FAO Country Profiles : FAO Country Profiles FAO membership Low-Income Food-Deficit Countries (LIFDC) Small Island Developing States (SIDS) |
Figurative system of human knowledge : The "figurative system of human knowledge" (French: Système figuré des connaissances humaines), sometimes known as the tree of Diderot and d'Alembert, was a tree developed to represent the structure of knowledge itself, produced for the Encyclopédie by Jean le Rond d'Alembert and ... |
Figurative system of human knowledge : Below is a version of the Tree rendered in English as a bulleted outline. "Detailed System of Human Knowledge" from the Encyclopédie. Understanding Memory. History. Sacred (History of Prophets). Ecclesiastical. Civil, Ancient and Modern. Civil History, properly said. (See also: Hi... |
Figurative system of human knowledge : Classification chart Instauratio magna Propædia Pierre Mouchon Tree of knowledge (philosophy) |
Figurative system of human knowledge : Robert Darnton, "Epistemological angst: From encyclopedism to advertising," in Tore Frängsmyr, ed., The structure of knowledge: classifications of science and learning since the Renaissance (Berkeley, CA: Office for the History of Science and Technology, University of California, ... |
Figurative system of human knowledge : image of the Tree with English translations superimposed over the French text ESSAI D'UNE DISTRIBUTION GÉNÉALOGIQUE DES SCIENCES ET DES ARTS PRINCIPAUX, published as a fold-out frontispiece in volume 1 of Pierre Mouchon, Table analytique et raisonnée des matieres contenues dans le... |
Findability : Findability is the ease with which information contained on a website can be found, both from outside the website (using search engines and the like) and by users already on the website. Although findability has relevance outside the World Wide Web, the term is usually used in that context. Most relevant ... |
Findability : Findability is similar to discoverability, which is defined as the ability of something, especially a piece of content or information, to be found. It is different from web search in that the word find refers to locating something in a known space while 'search' is in an unknown space or not in an expecte... |
Findability : Heather Lutze is thought to have created the term in the early 2000s. The popularization of the term findability for the Web is usually credited to Peter Morville. In 2005 he defined it as: "the ability of users to identify an appropriate Web site and navigate the pages of the site to discover and retriev... |
Findability : External findability is the domain of Internet marketing and search engine optimization (SEO) tactics. External findability can be very influential for businesses. Smaller companies may have trouble influencing external findability, due to being less aware to consumers. Other means are taken to make sure ... |
Findability : On-site findability is concerned with the ability of a potential customer to find what they are looking for within a specific site. More than 90 percent of customers use internal searches in a website compared to browsing. Of those, only 50 percent find what they are looking for. Improving the quality of ... |
Findability : Baseline findability is the existing findability before changes are made in order to improve it. This is measured by participants who represent the customer base of the website, who try to locate a sample set of items using the existing navigation of the website. In order to evaluate how easily informatio... |
Findability : Findability Sciences defines a findability index in terms of each user's influence, context, and sentiments. For seamless search, current websites focus on a combination of structured hypertext-based information architectures and rich Internet application-enabled visualization techniques. |
Findability : Information retrieval – Obtaining information resources relevant to an information need Knowledge mining – Process of extracting and discovering patterns in large data setsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Search engine optimization – Practice of increasing online visibility Subject ... |
Findability : Morville, P. (2005) Ambient findability. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Wurman, R.S. (1996). Information architects. New York: Graphis. |
Findability : findability.org[usurped]: a collection of links to people, software, organizations, and content related to findability The age of findability (article) Use Old Words When Writing for Findability (article on the findability impact of a site's choice of words) Building Findable Websites: Web Standards SEO a... |
Folksonomy : Folksonomy is a classification system in which end users apply public tags to online items, typically to make those items easier for themselves or others to find later. Over time, this can give rise to a classification system based on those tags and how often they are applied or searched for, in contrast t... |
Folksonomy : Folksonomies are a trade-off between traditional centralized classification and no classification at all, and have several advantages: Tagging is easy to understand and do, even without training and previous knowledge in classification or indexing The vocabulary in a folksonomy directly reflects the user's... |
Folksonomy : A folksonomy emerges when users tag content or information, such as web pages, photos, videos, podcasts, tweets, scientific papers and others. Strohmaier et al. elaborate the concept: the term "tagging" refers to a "voluntary activity of users who are annotating resources with term-so-called 'tags' – freel... |
Folksonomy : 'Taxonomy' refers to a hierarchical categorization in which relatively well-defined classes are nested under broader categories. A folksonomy establishes categories (each tag is a category) without stipulating or necessarily deriving a hierarchical structure of parent-child relations among different tags. ... |
Folksonomy : Social tagging for knowledge acquisition is the specific use of tagging for finding and re-finding specific content for an individual or group. Social tagging systems differ from traditional taxonomies in that they are community-based systems lacking the traditional hierarchy of taxonomies. Rather than a t... |
Folksonomy : Archive of Our Own: fan fiction archive BibSonomy: social bookmarking and publication-sharing system del.icio.us: public tagging service Diigo: social bookmarking website Flickr: shared photos Instagram: online photo-sharing and social networking service Many libraries' online catalogs Last.fm: music liste... |
Folksonomy : "Folksonomy". New York Times. 2005-12-11. "Folksonomies Tap People Power". Wired News. 2005-02-01. "Folksonomy and science communication". Information Services & Use (27): 97–103. 2007. – Folksonomies as a tool for professional scientific databases "The Three Orders": 2005 explanation of tagging and folkso... |
Frame (artificial intelligence) : Frames are an artificial intelligence data structure used to divide knowledge into substructures by representing "stereotyped situations". They were proposed by Marvin Minsky in his 1974 article "A Framework for Representing Knowledge". Frames are the primary data structure used in art... |
Frame (artificial intelligence) : The frame contains information on how to use the frame, what to expect next, and what to do when these expectations are not met. Some information in the frame is generally unchanged while other information, stored in "terminals", usually change. Terminals can be considered as variables... |
Frame (artificial intelligence) : A frame's terminals are already filled with default values, which is based on how the human mind works. For example, when a person is told "a boy kicks a ball", most people will visualize a particular ball (such as a familiar soccer ball) rather than imagining some abstract ball with n... |
Frame (artificial intelligence) : Worth noticing here is the easy analogical reasoning (comparison) that can be done between a boy and a monkey just by having similarly named slots. Also notice that Alex, an instance of a boy, inherits default values like "Sex" from the more general parent object Boy, but the boy may a... |
Frame (artificial intelligence) : A frame language is a technology used for knowledge representation in artificial intelligence. They are similar to class hierarchies in object-oriented languages although their fundamental design goals are different. Frames are focused on explicit and intuitive representation of knowle... |
Frame (artificial intelligence) : Early work on Frames was inspired by psychological research going back to the 1930s that indicated people use stored stereotypical knowledge to interpret and act in new cognitive situations. The term Frame was first used by Marvin Minsky as a paradigm to understand visual reasoning and... |
Frame (artificial intelligence) : Frame problem Deductive classifier Description logic First-order logic Knowledge base Knowledge-based system Knowledge graph Ontology language Predicate Semantic network Situation calculus |
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