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1,581 | Estimating Sensitivity of Laboratory Testing for Influenza in Canada through Modelling
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2722738/
SHA: f3a5b128f4800dbbb0f49ee409acb2c0216e24dc
Authors: Schanzer, Dena L.; Garner, Michael J.; Hatchette, Todd F.; Langley, Joanne M.; Aziz, Samina; Tam, Theresa W. S.
Date: 200... | What types of viral infections are monitored through Canada's Respiratory Virus Detection Surveillance System (RVDSS)? | false | 2,177 | {
"text": [
"nfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), para-influenza virus (PIV), and adenovirus"
],
"answer_start": [
3914
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What have the authors reviewed? | false | 3,858 | {
"text": [
"the prevalence of different respiratory viral infections in causing exacerbations in chronic airway inflammatory diseases."
],
"answer_start": [
1384
]
} |
2,461 | Mucosal immune responses induced by oral administration recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the COE antigen of PEDV in newborn piglets
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6418403/
SHA: 5caced13bcb8a42cca41369c5a71ae7df5381ca8
Authors: Wang, Jialu; Huang, Lulu; Mou, Chunxiao; Zhang, En; Wang, Yongheng; ... | Where do dendritic cells exist in the body? | false | 608 | {
"text": [
"gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)"
],
"answer_start": [
4991
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} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What is the transmission of MERS-CoV is defined as? | false | 4,292 | {
"text": [
"inefficient"
],
"answer_start": [
46358
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} |
2,437 | Screening of FDA-Approved Drugs for Inhibitors of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5640845/
SHA: 1bd2f6497996fc0fccd8dffd7f84846d3d36f964
Authors: Wang, Shaobo; Liu, Yang; Guo, Jiao; Wang, Peilin; Zhang, Leike; Xiao, Gengfu; Wang, Wei
Date: 2017-10-13
DOI: 10.1128/jv... | What element is essential to promoting JEV infection? | false | 1,222 | {
"text": [
"calcium"
],
"answer_start": [
1085
]
} |
188 | The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management
and Infection Control in a Radiology Department
https://www.jacr.org/article/S1546-1440(20)30285-4/pdf
Journal Pre-proof
Zixing Huang, Shuang Zhao, Zhenlin Li, Weixia Chen, Lihong Zhao, Lipeng Deng, Bin
Song
PII: S1546-1440(20)30285-4
DOI: htt... | What can lower the physical and mental stress levels of staff members? | false | 2,455 | {
"text": [
"periodically taking time off"
],
"answer_start": [
12348
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} |
1,623 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What is the number of inhabitants of Reunion Island? | false | 4,089 | {
"text": [
"850,000"
],
"answer_start": [
2363
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} |
2,669 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | What do RBPs do? | false | 4,140 | {
"text": [
"post-transcriptionally control expression of crucial inflammatory factors in various tissues and their potential therapeutic applications"
],
"answer_start": [
4022
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} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What enables virus invasion from immunity? | false | 1,485 | {
"text": [
"The immunodominant portions of the HA and NA molecules undergo a constant process of antigenic drift, a natural accumulation of mutations"
],
"answer_start": [
5161
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} |
2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | What did the collected data include? | false | 3,806 | {
"text": [
"demographics, history of recent travel to affected areas, close contact with a probable or confirmed COVID-19 case, underlying conditions, signs and symptoms of disease at onset, type of specimens from which the virus was detected, and clinical outcome."
],
"answer_start": [
3802
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | Why do these changes may result in more severe and frequent acute exacerbations ? | false | 3,997 | {
"text": [
"due to the interplay between virus and pathogenic bacteria in exacerbating chronic airway inflammatory diseases"
],
"answer_start": [
24713
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What does mucus overproduction do? | false | 4,008 | {
"text": [
"disrupt the equilibrium of the mucociliary function following viral infection, resulting in symptoms of acute exacerbation"
],
"answer_start": [
28495
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} |
1,698 | Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064339/
SHA: f2cc0d63ff2c4aaa127c4caae21d8f3a0067e3d5
Authors: Brook, Cara E; Boots, Mike; Chandran, Kartik; Dobson, Andrew P; Drosten, Christian; Graham, Andrea L; Grenfell, Bryan T; ... | How are bats connected to fatal viral diseases? | false | 2,729 | {
"text": [
"bats are natural reservoirs for viruses that have some of the highest fatality rates of any viruses that people acquire from wild animals -including rabies, Ebola and the SARS coronavirus."
],
"answer_start": [
4964
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} |
1,714 | Overview of the 3rd isirv-Antiviral Group Conference – advances in clinical management
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4280814/
SHA: f7bb1f005066cb4930f83cde4cdc1ff3fe411def
Authors: Hurt, Aeron C; Hui, David S; Hay, Alan; Hayden, Frederick G
Date: 2014-11-15
DOI: 10.1111/irv.12293
License: cc-by
Abstr... | When did China detect the first human case of H7N9 infection? | false | 5,320 | {
"text": [
"February 2013"
],
"answer_start": [
3243
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} |
1,563 | Obesity and risk of respiratory tract infections: results of an infection-diary based cohort study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5819164/
SHA: ee0c318d282c0089cca94f0b2ea4d90db2ab9f8a
Authors: Maccioni, Livia; Weber, Susanne; Elgizouli, Magdeldin; Stoehlker, Anne-Sophie; Geist, Ilona; Peter, Hans-Hart... | The accumulation of what molecule hinders phagocytic activity in T cells? | false | 332 | {
"text": [
"reactive oxygen species (ROS)"
],
"answer_start": [
20534
]
} |
1,550 | Nearly Complete Genome Sequence of an Echovirus 30 Strain from a Cluster of Aseptic Meningitis Cases in California, September 2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6953510/
SHA: f0c4d40e1879dd1a049298f151940ac168b5f5a7
Authors: Pan, Chao-Yang; Huynh, Thalia; Padilla, Tasha; Chen, Alice; Ng, Terry Fei Fan... | What are the structural regions of the enterovirus polyprotein in this study? | false | 2,995 | {
"text": [
"one structural (P1-capsid) and two nonstructural (P2 and P3) regions"
],
"answer_start": [
4508
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What are acute exacerbations usually due to ? | false | 3,869 | {
"text": [
"the presence of environmental factors such as allergens, pollutants, smoke, cold or dry air and pathogenic microbes in the airway"
],
"answer_start": [
3501
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What may the epithelial destruction cause? | false | 3,985 | {
"text": [
"may also promote further epithelial remodeling during its regeneration as viral infection induces the expression of remodeling genes such as MMPs and growth factors . Infections that cause massive destruction of the epithelium, such as IFV, usually result in severe acute exacerbations with non-classi... |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | Which was the first hantavirus to be isolated? | false | 4,467 | {
"text": [
"The categorization of hantaviruses as belonging to the family Bunyaviridae is due in part to"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What was the finding on the Green Fluorescent tagged E1-A226V? | false | 2,517 | {
"text": [
"E1-A226V virus was 100 times more infective to Ae. albopictus than it was to Ae. aegypti"
],
"answer_start": [
9075
]
} |
1,686 | Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/
SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9
Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin... | Where does the Tat protein move to in cells? | false | 5,129 | {
"text": [
"nucleoplasm and the nucleolus"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
1,581 | Estimating Sensitivity of Laboratory Testing for Influenza in Canada through Modelling
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2722738/
SHA: f3a5b128f4800dbbb0f49ee409acb2c0216e24dc
Authors: Schanzer, Dena L.; Garner, Michael J.; Hatchette, Todd F.; Langley, Joanne M.; Aziz, Samina; Tam, Theresa W. S.
Date: 200... | What is used by the Canadian Public Health System to identify periods of influenza activity? | false | 2,175 | {
"text": [
"weekly proportion of laboratory tests that are positive for influenza"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} |
2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | What country does this study exclude? | false | 3,801 | {
"text": [
"United Kingdom (UK)"
],
"answer_start": [
2861
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} |
2,526 | Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029449/
SHA: 90de2d957e1960b948b8c38c9877f9eca983f9eb
Authors: Cowling, Benjamin J; Leung, Gabriel M
Date: 2020-02-13
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020... | Why is important to determine the spectrum of clinical manifestations of 2019-nCoV infections? | false | 2,985 | {
"text": [
"because it determines the strength of public health response required."
],
"answer_start": [
7346
]
} |
1,553 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | What kinds of viruses are Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV), tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV), eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), sindbis virus(SV), and dengue virus(DV)? | false | 3,003 | {
"text": [
"arboviruses"
],
"answer_start": [
1906
]
} |
1,582 | Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/
SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc
Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur... | What followed the reverse transcription step in the analysis? | false | 5,197 | {
"text": [
"denaturation step"
],
"answer_start": [
9620
]
} |
1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | What are filamentous bacteriophages genera Inovirua and Plectrovirus? | false | 1,727 | {
"text": [
"non-enveloped, rod-shaped viruses of Escherichia coli whose long helical capsids encapsulate a single-stranded circular DNA genome."
],
"answer_start": [
2053
]
} |
188 | The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management
and Infection Control in a Radiology Department
https://www.jacr.org/article/S1546-1440(20)30285-4/pdf
Journal Pre-proof
Zixing Huang, Shuang Zhao, Zhenlin Li, Weixia Chen, Lihong Zhao, Lipeng Deng, Bin
Song
PII: S1546-1440(20)30285-4
DOI: htt... | What does the semicontaminated area include? | false | 2,451 | {
"text": [
"the fever-CT control room,\nfever-DR control room, and other patient examination access areas."
],
"answer_start": [
11408
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What should be investigated in the future? | false | 3,977 | {
"text": [
"the role of HPV infection in causing chronic inflammation in the airway and their association to exacerbations of chronic airway inflammatory diseases, which is scarcely explored"
],
"answer_start": [
18818
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | How long MERS-CoV remained viable at high ambient temperature (30°C) and low RH (30 %) ? | false | 4,285 | {
"text": [
"for 24 h"
],
"answer_start": [
43986
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What is also linked with the chronic inflammation that precedes the malignancies? | false | 3,976 | {
"text": [
"human papilloma virus (HPV), a DNA virus highly associated with head and neck cancers and respiratory papillomatosis,"
],
"answer_start": [
18519
]
} |
2,440 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | In what the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) [22] is widely applied? | false | 4,406 | {
"text": [
"in time series prediction and forecasting problems"
],
"answer_start": [
3197
]
} |
1,634 | Gastroenteritis and respiratory infection outbreaks in French nursing homes from 2007 to 2018: Morbidity and all-cause lethality according to the individual characteristics of residents
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6759171/
SHA: f1d456ea268266ff3c21317c4190e4fcb49b5e4f
Authors: Gaspard, Philippe; Mos... | How many times more likely was an infection found in patients over 85 years old? | false | 5,309 | {
"text": [
"1.5 to 1.6 times"
],
"answer_start": [
25180
]
} |
1,545 | Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/
SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14
Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;... | What is a significant cause of Influenze like illness among healthy adolescents and adults presenting for medical evaluation? | false | 1,658 | {
"text": [
"HCoV"
],
"answer_start": [
5069
]
} |
1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | What makes phage display technology useful for other applications? | false | 1,722 | {
"text": [
"inherent biological, biochemical, and biophysical properties of filamentous bacteriophage, as well as the ease of its genetic manipulation"
],
"answer_start": [
532
]
} |
1,687 | Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/
SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d... | For how long were the cells infected before analysis? | false | 5,154 | {
"text": [
"48 h"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,634 | Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067204/
SHA: c097a8a9a543d69c34f10e5c3fd78019e560026a
Authors: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Kok, Kin-Hang; Zhu, Zheng; Chu, Hin; To, Kelv... | From where have the original SARS-CON orf8 been acquired? | false | 3,733 | {
"text": [
"two bat SARS-related-CoV (Bat-CoV YNLF_31C and YNLF_34C)"
],
"answer_start": [
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]
} |
1,627 | Regulation and Maintenance of an Adoptive T-Cell Dependent Memory B Cell Pool
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5120830/
SHA: f4a82ad66962355ffb09e4d1b57fde3e94f0ec53
Authors: Anson, Marie; Amado, Inês; Mailhé, Marie-Pierre; Donnadieu, Emmanuel; Garcia, Sylvie; Huetz, François; Freitas, Antonio A.
Date: 2... | What do immunoglobulin isotype recombination and somatic hyper mutation depend on? | false | 4,256 | {
"text": [
"expression of AID"
],
"answer_start": [
2230
]
} |
2,643 | Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7085188/
SHA: d013e42811c6442b184da3b9bbfd9e334031a975
Authors: Poole, Danielle N.; Escudero, Daniel J.; Gostin, Lawrence O.; Leblang, David; Talbot, Elizabeth A.
Date: 2020-03-21
DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-0... | What is a necessary component of effective health governance? | false | 1,934 | {
"text": [
"Diplomacy bridging long-standing mistrust of public health and biomedical interventions and facilitating engagement with contentious actors"
],
"answer_start": [
5553
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | Where is MERS-CoV is enzootic in DC? | false | 4,177 | {
"text": [
"across the Arabian Peninsula and in parts of Africa"
],
"answer_start": [
679
]
} |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What happens if the reproduction number is greater then 1? | false | 815 | {
"text": [
"infections will increase (dependent on how much greater than 1 the reproduction number is)"
],
"answer_start": [
7073
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} |
1,663 | Effectiveness of zinc supplementation on diarrhea and average daily gain in pre-weaned dairy calves: A double-blind, block-randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6619766/
SHA: ef20a0cd67ce018cf061f154bd8be9d0e58d0f23
Authors: Feldmann, Hillary R.; Williams, Deniece... | What was the purpose of the research? | false | 5,173 | {
"text": [
"to evaluate the effectiveness of zinc supplementation on diarrhea and average daily weight gain (ADG) in pre-weaned dairy calves"
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1,671 | Host resilience to emerging coronaviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079962/
SHA: f7cfc37ea164f16393d7f4f3f2b32214dea1ded4
Authors: Jamieson, Amanda M
Date: 2016-07-01
DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0060
License: cc-by
Abstract: Recently, two coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus an... | Which immune factors were associated with increased SARS-CoV morbidity and mortality? | false | 1,280 | {
"text": [
"a higher neutrophil count and low T-cell counts"
],
"answer_start": [
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1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | Which diseases are a major concern among scientists studying infectious diseases? | false | 4,452 | {
"text": [
"emerging zoonotic diseases"
],
"answer_start": [
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2,634 | Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067204/
SHA: c097a8a9a543d69c34f10e5c3fd78019e560026a
Authors: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Kok, Kin-Hang; Zhu, Zheng; Chu, Hin; To, Kelv... | What is orf8? | false | 3,731 | {
"text": [
"an accessory protein found in the Betacoronavirus lineage B coronaviruses"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,684 | A novel anti-mycobacterial function of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804704/
SHA: f6ed1f1e9999e57793addb1c9c54f61c7861a995
Authors: Cheung, Benny KW; Yim, Howard CH; Lee, Norris CM; Lau, Allan SY
Date: 2009-12-17
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-64
License: cc-... | What is tumor necrosis factor-alpha? | false | 888 | {
"text": [
"cytokines"
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"answer_start": [
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} |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | How were the assays used? | false | 3,673 | {
"text": [
"Two assays were used for the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene and E gene where E gene assay acts as the first-line screening tool and RdRp gene assay as the confirmatory testing."
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | Which four studies were included? | false | 3,645 | {
"text": [
"Phase I clinical trials on SARS or MERS vaccines"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | What was the death rate among children during the 1918 swine flu pandemic? | false | 1,112 | {
"text": [
"those 5 to 14\nyears of age accounted for a disproportionate number of\ninfluenza cases, but had a much lower death rate from\ninfluenza and pneumonia than other age groups."
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,669 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | What will achieving this through drug repurposing do? | false | 4,132 | {
"text": [
"break the vicious cycle of escalating therapeutic development costs and trivial escape mutant selection, both quickly and in multiple places."
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,628 | Evidence for the Convergence Model: The Emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Viet Nam
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4580613/
SHA: ee5b43d20a640664510cb7a540caaae4a8e19933
Authors: Saksena, Sumeet; Fox, Jefferson; Epprecht, Michael; Tran, Chinh C.; Nong, Duong H.; Spencer, James H.;... | What is the Boosted Regression Tree method? | false | 590 | {
"text": [
"BRT utilizes regression trees and boosting algorithms to fit several models and combines them for improving prediction by performing iterative loop throughout the model"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,629 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | How many human cases were there of influenza a virus subtype h7n9? | false | 2,145 | {
"text": [
"more than 400 human cases"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,684 | A novel anti-mycobacterial function of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804704/
SHA: f6ed1f1e9999e57793addb1c9c54f61c7861a995
Authors: Cheung, Benny KW; Yim, Howard CH; Lee, Norris CM; Lau, Allan SY
Date: 2009-12-17
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-64
License: cc-... | What enzymes are involved with phosphorylation? | false | 895 | {
"text": [
"tyrosine phosphatases, serine/threonine phosphatases, and dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs)"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,623 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | Which were the most frequently identified respiratory pathogens? | false | 4,107 | {
"text": [
"rhinovirus (23.4%), influenza A not H1N1 (21.2%) and influenza B (12.6%)"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | Why is Ad5 is the most studied serotype? | false | 1,503 | {
"text": [
"having been tested for gene delivery and anti-cancer agents, as well as for infectious disease vaccines"
],
"answer_start": [
8111
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} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What inactivated vaccines are available? | false | 1,248 | {
"text": [
"whole virus inactivated, split virus inactivated, and subunit vaccines."
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What explanation have some investigators favored for much of the capillary leak? | false | 4,561 | {
"text": [
"direct viral toxicity, acting through the inhibition of endothelial cell barrier function"
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"answer_start": [
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1,596 | Glycyrrhizin Exerts Antioxidative Effects in H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells and Inhibits Virus Replication and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096629/
SHA: f3b7f4469ac01f1ce916d24172570c43c537627e
Authors: Michaelis, Martin; Geiler, Janina; Naczk, Patrizia; Sithi... | What is another word for hypercytokinaemia? | false | 5,239 | {
"text": [
"cytokine storm'"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,440 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is the proposed FPASSA method? | false | 4,431 | {
"text": [
"is a hybrid of FPA and SSA, in which the SSA is applied as a local search method for FPA"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,634 | Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067204/
SHA: c097a8a9a543d69c34f10e5c3fd78019e560026a
Authors: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Kok, Kin-Hang; Zhu, Zheng; Chu, Hin; To, Kelv... | orf8 was shown to do what? | false | 3,736 | {
"text": [
"to trigger intracellular stress pathways and activates NLRP3 inflammasomes"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,557 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | How many tuberculosis patients in Shandong were over 65 years old? | false | 3,031 | {
"text": [
"over half"
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"answer_start": [
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1,552 | One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/
SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658
Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C
Date: 2013-01-11
DOI:... | What regulates the broad, but less specific, virus-cell interaction in a hepatitis B infection? | false | 2,997 | {
"text": [
"heparan sulfates in the membrane proteins"
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"answer_start": [
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1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | Why is the phage ab excellent model system for directed protein evolution? | false | 1,726 | {
"text": [
"the phage’s large population sizes and fast generation times"
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"answer_start": [
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} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | In what animals MERS-CoV sequences have been found ? | false | 4,176 | {
"text": [
"in a bat and in many dromedary camels (DC)."
],
"answer_start": [
608
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} |
2,620 | Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020388
SHA: bf20dda99538a594eafc258553634fd9195104cb
Authors: Zhao, Shi; Musa, Salihu S.; Lin, Qianying; Ran, Jinjun; ... | How was the epidemic curve modelled? | false | 1,895 | {
"text": [
", the C i series, as an exponential growi"
],
"answer_start": [
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1,553 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | How was the proper spotting concentration determined? | false | 3,011 | {
"text": [
"combination of minimized cross reaction and higher signal intensity"
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"answer_start": [
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} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What is considered the mechanism of human-to-human transmission of MERS-COV? | false | 4,288 | {
"text": [
"Droplet spread between humans"
],
"answer_start": [
45254
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} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | How is the the expression of proinflammatory cytokines induced? | false | 4,550 | {
"text": [
"through PAMP-PRR interactions and other means"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,584 | Viral and bacterial co-infection in severe pneumonia triggers innate immune responses and specifically enhances IP-10: a translational study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5138590/
SHA: ef3d6cabc804e5eb587b34249b539c1b5efa4cc4
Authors: Hoffmann, Jonathan; Machado, Daniela; Terrier, Olivier; Pouzol, Ste... | What is the conclusion of this study? | false | 5,214 | {
"text": [
"mixed respiratory infections and IP-10 may play major, interconnected roles in the pathogenesis of pneumonia"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | Which kit is currently used in China? | false | 3,643 | {
"text": [
"kit developed by the BGI have passed emergency approval procedure of the National Medical Products Administration, and are currently used in clinical and surveillance centers of China"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What are the descriptive statistics for the incubation period for coronavirus? | false | 1,100 | {
"text": [
"distribution is Gamma distributed with mean 5.1 days and coefficient of variation\n0.86"
],
"answer_start": [
37238
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} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What paired sera are preferable? | false | 4,246 | {
"text": [
"collected two to three weeks apart"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,625 | Rotavirus A in wild and domestic animals from areas with environmental degradation in the Brazilian Amazon
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6298726/
SHA: f3c309c596c20f48f493b77e714ce957d877bdcb
Authors: de Barros, Bruno de Cássio Veloso; Chagas, Elaine Nunes; Bezerra, Luna Wanessa; Ribeiro, Laila Grazie... | What structural proteins are coded by Rotavirus? | false | 432 | {
"text": [
"VP1-VP4, VP6 and VP7"
],
"answer_start": [
4217
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} |
1,740 | The human viral challenge model: accelerating the evaluation of respiratory antivirals, vaccines and novel diagnostics
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6013893/
SHA: f13c88733ea45be9e923a282dfd42f8c277c187c
Authors: Lambkin-Williams, Rob; Noulin, Nicolas; Mann, Alex; Catchpole, Andrew; Gilbert, Anthony S... | What genetic mutation decreases a person's susceptibility to the H1N1 influenza virus? | false | 323 | {
"text": [
"H275Y"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | For what purpose controlled in vivo human infections can be performed for mild viruses? | false | 4,032 | {
"text": [
"the best mode of verification of the associations of the virus with the proposed mechanism of viral induced acute exacerbations"
],
"answer_start": [
34966
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | How was HFRS first brought to the attention of western medicine ? | false | 4,463 | {
"text": [
"with an outbreak that occurred among United Nations troops during the Korean conflict between 1951 and 1954"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,569 | Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667631/
SHA: ee632fa425607e8ff91fc3730bc0782d43ce9c0c
Authors: Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim; Taylor, Justin J.
Date: 2019-07-24
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01694
License: cc-by
Abstract: Antibodies against foreign antigens a... | What developments have been made possible by the study of B-cell repertoire? | false | 478 | {
"text": [
"(1) vaccine candidates that elicit protective antibodies; (2) antibodies that prevent disease when given prophylactically; and (3) antibodies that can be given as therapy after the onset of disease."
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,629 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What kind of disease is caused by influenza? | false | 2,148 | {
"text": [
"influenza is an acute respiratory disease"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,606 | Serological Assays Based on Recombinant Viral Proteins for the Diagnosis of Arenavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497043/
SHA: f1d308db379b3c293bcfc8fe251c043fe8842358
Authors: Fukushi, Shuetsu; Tani, Hideki; Yoshikawa, Tomoki; Saijo, Masayuki; Morikawa, Shigeru
Date: 2012-10-12... | What is the structure of the Arenavirus? | false | 5,274 | {
"text": [
"bisegmented, negative-sense, single stranded RNA genome"
],
"answer_start": [
9282
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} |
1,576 | Characterization of a New Member of Alphacoronavirus with Unique Genomic Features in Rhinolophus Bats
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521148/
SHA: ee14de143337eec0e9708f8139bfac2b7b8fdd27
Authors: Wang, Ning; Luo, Chuming; Liu, Haizhou; Yang, Xinglou; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Zhu, Yan; Zhu, Guangj... | Who performed the sampling procedures? | false | 3,680 | {
"text": [
"veterinarians"
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"answer_start": [
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} |
1,566 | Aetiology of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Hospitalised Children in Cyprus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720120/
SHA: efd27ff0ac04dd60838266386aaebb5df80f4fa9
Authors: Richter, Jan; Panayiotou, Christakis; Tryfonos, Christina; Koptides, Dana; Koliou, Maria; Kalogirou, Nikolas; Georgiou, Eleni... | How much of a greater risk are children than adults to viral infections? | false | 1,609 | {
"text": [
"two to three times more frequently"
],
"answer_start": [
2026
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} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What percentage of newborns were infected from their mother? | false | 2,521 | {
"text": [
"50%"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | How many cases reported symptoms at this point? | false | 3,817 | {
"text": [
"31 cases"
],
"answer_start": [
7077
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} |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | Do avian flu viruses change over long periods? | false | 1,108 | {
"text": [
"Influenza Virus gene\nsequences from a number offixed specimens ofwild birds\ncollected circa 1918 show little difference from avian\nViruses isolated today, indicating that avian Viruses likely\nundergo little antigenic change in their natural hosts even\nover long periods"
],
"answer_start": [
... |
2,463 | SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | What is a key factor in managing emerging infectious disease threats? | false | 1,208 | {
"text": [
"transparent sharing of information between countries and agencies"
],
"answer_start": [
5113
]
} |
1,740 | The human viral challenge model: accelerating the evaluation of respiratory antivirals, vaccines and novel diagnostics
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6013893/
SHA: f13c88733ea45be9e923a282dfd42f8c277c187c
Authors: Lambkin-Williams, Rob; Noulin, Nicolas; Mann, Alex; Catchpole, Andrew; Gilbert, Anthony S... | What viruses are most frequently associated with acute respiratory infections? | false | 311 | {
"text": [
"HRVs, coronaviruses (CoV), influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza viruses (PIV)"
],
"answer_start": [
4174
]
} |
2,459 | No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/
SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24
Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan
Date: 2020-02-26
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440
License: cc-by
... | What did the Nature Medicine paper report? | false | 3,598 | {
"text": [
"the construction of a chimeric CoV with a bat CoV S gene (SHC014) in the backbone of a SARS CoV that has adapted to infect mice (MA15) and is capable of infecting human cells"
],
"answer_start": [
2585
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What is a different approach for the detection? | false | 4,234 | {
"text": [
"monoclonal antibody-based capture ELISA targeting the MERS-CoV nucleocapsid protein"
],
"answer_start": [
13821
]
} |
1,664 | Port d’Entrée for Respiratory Infections – Does the Influenza A Virus Pave the Way for Bacteria?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5742597/
SHA: ee0050c6fb81a4067d134010d0c80d21edb5df0b
Authors: Siemens, Nikolai; Oehmcke-Hecht, Sonja; Mettenleiter, Thomas C.; Kreikemeyer, Bernd; Valentin-Weigand, Peter; H... | What reduces the antimicrobial activities of alveolar macrophages? | false | 5,179 | {
"text": [
"Reduced TNFα production by NK cells"
],
"answer_start": [
21220
]
} |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | Why was there such a high death rate in the 19118 swine flu pandemic? | false | 1,120 | {
"text": [
"Clinically and pathologically, these\nhigh death rates appear to be the result of several factors,\nincluding a higher proportion of severe and complicated\ninfections of the respiratory tract, rather than involvement\nof organ systems outside the normal range of the influenza\nVirus. Also, the deaths... |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | Where were the CHIKV strain found? | false | 2,513 | {
"text": [
"All of the CHIKV strains isolated from Mayotte carried the E1-A226V mutation, and the mutation was also found in Madagascar in 2007 ["
],
"answer_start": [
8291
]
} |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | What were the results on antibodies? | false | 3,651 | {
"text": [
"Neutralising antibodies were detected in 50% participants at one or more time points during the study, but only 3% maintained neutralisation activity to end of study."
],
"answer_start": [
13511
]
} |
1,664 | Port d’Entrée for Respiratory Infections – Does the Influenza A Virus Pave the Way for Bacteria?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5742597/
SHA: ee0050c6fb81a4067d134010d0c80d21edb5df0b
Authors: Siemens, Nikolai; Oehmcke-Hecht, Sonja; Mettenleiter, Thomas C.; Kreikemeyer, Bernd; Valentin-Weigand, Peter; H... | What conditions are caused by Staphylococcus aureus? | false | 5,175 | {
"text": [
"mild skin infections to fatal necrotizing pneumonia"
],
"answer_start": [
10739
]
} |
1,698 | Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064339/
SHA: f2cc0d63ff2c4aaa127c4caae21d8f3a0067e3d5
Authors: Brook, Cara E; Boots, Mike; Chandran, Kartik; Dobson, Andrew P; Drosten, Christian; Graham, Andrea L; Grenfell, Bryan T; ... | What would be caused by this hyper-vigilance in most other mammals? | false | 2,731 | {
"text": [
"harmful inflammation"
],
"answer_start": [
5425
]
} |
2,643 | Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7085188/
SHA: d013e42811c6442b184da3b9bbfd9e334031a975
Authors: Poole, Danielle N.; Escudero, Daniel J.; Gostin, Lawrence O.; Leblang, David; Talbot, Elizabeth A.
Date: 2020-03-21
DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-0... | What is the impact of disease outbreaks? | false | 1,914 | {
"text": [
"Disease outbreaks further reduce access to limited healthcare, which is increasingly disrupted by attacks on health facilities and the persistent overburdening of health systems."
],
"answer_start": [
1472
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What have evoked new understandings as to the mechanisms of viral exacerbations? | false | 3,856 | {
"text": [
"Recent advances in in vitro air-liquid interface 3D cultures, organoid cultures and the use of novel human and animal challenge models"
],
"answer_start": [
835
]
} |
2,526 | Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029449/
SHA: 90de2d957e1960b948b8c38c9877f9eca983f9eb
Authors: Cowling, Benjamin J; Leung, Gabriel M
Date: 2020-02-13
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020... | What is the estimate of number of infections in Wuhan on 25 January 2020? | false | 2,973 | {
"text": [
"75,000"
],
"answer_start": [
1976
]
} |
1,592 | Pretreatment Hepatitis C Virus NS5A/NS5B Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Genotype 1 Uruguayan Infected Patients
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112080/
SHA: f01ad3545245b4f884b48aa2b69c9deb942c3e77
Authors: Aldunate, Fabián; Echeverría, Natalia; Chiodi, Daniela; López, Pablo; Sánchez-Cicerón, Ad... | Was is the response rate of the Hepatitis C virus to direct-acting antiviral treatments? | false | 3,896 | {
"text": [
"up to 98%"
],
"answer_start": [
2043
]
} |
2,461 | Mucosal immune responses induced by oral administration recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the COE antigen of PEDV in newborn piglets
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6418403/
SHA: 5caced13bcb8a42cca41369c5a71ae7df5381ca8
Authors: Wang, Jialu; Huang, Lulu; Mou, Chunxiao; Zhang, En; Wang, Yongheng; ... | What is Bacillus subtilis? | false | 606 | {
"text": [
"Gram-positive bacterium"
],
"answer_start": [
4284
]
} |
1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | What is the filamentous phage varion is made of? | false | 1,765 | {
"text": [
"made up of ∼2,500-4,000 overlapping copies of the 50-residue major coat protein, pVIII, arranged in a shingle-type lattice. Each monomer has an array of chemically addressable groups available for bioorthogonal conjugation, including two primary amine groups (shown in red), three carboxyl groups (sho... |
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