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188 | The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management
and Infection Control in a Radiology Department
https://www.jacr.org/article/S1546-1440(20)30285-4/pdf
Journal Pre-proof
Zixing Huang, Shuang Zhao, Zhenlin Li, Weixia Chen, Lihong Zhao, Lipeng Deng, Bin
Song
PII: S1546-1440(20)30285-4
DOI: htt... | What is the conclusion of the report? | false | 2,462 | {
"text": [
"Strategic planning and adequate protections can help protect patients and staff\nagainst a highly infectious disease while maintaining function at a high volume capacity.\nKeywords: Coronavirus, COVID-19, novel coronavirus pneumonia, infection control"
],
"answer_start": [
4062
]
} |
1,679 | Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Induces Apoptosis through the Unfolded Protein Response Activation of EGR1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4794670/
SHA: f4aa788ab898b28b00ee103e4d4ab24a2c684caf
Authors: Baer, Alan; Lundberg, Lindsay; Swales, Danielle; Waybright, Nicole; Pinkham, Chelsea; Dinman, Jo... | What activates the UPR pathway in the cell? | false | 939 | {
"text": [
"protein misfolding"
],
"answer_start": [
30935
]
} |
186 | Identifying Locations with Possible Undetected Imported Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cases by Using Importation Predictions,
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/7/20-0250_article
Volume 26, Number 7—July 2020
Research
Pablo Martinez De Salazar1Comments to Author , René Niehus, Aimee Taylor1, Caroli... | What is the doubling time of the COVID-19 pandemic? | false | 272 | {
"text": [
"≈6 days"
],
"answer_start": [
1747
]
} |
1,621 | Vesicular stomatitis virus with the rabies virus glycoprotein directs retrograde transsynaptic transport among neurons in vivo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566411/
SHA: ee48061797d29eeef5a9e606841bf8ab04b1d75b
Authors: Beier, Kevin T.; Saunders, Arpiar B.; Oldenburg, Ian A.; Sabatini, Bernardo L.; C... | In what direction does the Vesicular stomatitis virus spread through the nervous system? | false | 1,936 | {
"text": [
"anterograde"
],
"answer_start": [
3221
]
} |
1,604 | Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/
SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0
Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya... | What are the most frequent clinical manifestations of human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55) induced ARDS? | false | 3,242 | {
"text": [
"Persistent high fever, dyspnea and rapid progression to respiratory failure within 2 weeks, together with bilateral consolidations and infiltrates"
],
"answer_start": [
2285
]
} |
630 | Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/
Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel
2009-10-07
DOI:10.1371/journal.... | What plays the crucial role in the Mother to Child Transmission of HIV-1 and what increases the risk | false | 276 | {
"text": [
"DC-SIGNR plays a crucial role in MTCT of HIV-1 and that impaired placental DC-SIGNR expression increases risk of transmission."
],
"answer_start": [
2003
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} |
2,459 | No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/
SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24
Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan
Date: 2020-02-26
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440
License: cc-by
... | What was the finding in 2013? | false | 3,605 | {
"text": [
"several novel bat coronaviruses were isolated from Chinese horseshoe bats and the bat SARS-like or SL-CoV-WIV1 was able to use ACE2 from humans, civets and Chinese horseshoe bats for entry"
],
"answer_start": [
3738
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} |
2,634 | Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067204/
SHA: c097a8a9a543d69c34f10e5c3fd78019e560026a
Authors: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Kok, Kin-Hang; Zhu, Zheng; Chu, Hin; To, Kelv... | Where did these viruses originate before crossing the barrier to infect humans? | false | 3,701 | {
"text": [
"these viruses have likely originated from bats and then jumped into another amplification mammalian host [the Himalayan palm civet (Paguma larvata) for SARS-CoV and the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) for MERS-CoV]"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,645 | Pre-existing immunity against vaccine vectors – friend or foe?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3542731/
SHA: f5bdf18567bb3760e1ce05008135f0270badbd5c
Authors: Saxena, Manvendra; Van, Thi Thu Hao; Baird, Fiona J.; Coloe, Peter J.; Smooker, Peter M.
Date: 2013-01-27
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.049601-0
License: cc... | What is the effect of host immune response to viral delivery vectors in the efficacy of vaccination? | false | 874 | {
"text": [
"pre-existing immunity is a major obstacle of many viralvectored vaccines, such as Ad serotype 5 or herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), where the rate of seroprevalence to these viruses is very high [40-45 % and 70 % (or more) of the US population, respectively]"
],
"answer_start": [
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... |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | What is the the primary means for diagnosing the new virus strain? | false | 3,632 | {
"text": [
"real time RT-PCR"
],
"answer_start": [
6978
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | Among these agents which is a major driver? | false | 3,871 | {
"text": [
"viral infection is one of the major drivers of asthma exacerbations accounting for up to 80-90% and 45-80% of exacerbations in children and adults respectively"
],
"answer_start": [
3944
]
} |
1,627 | Regulation and Maintenance of an Adoptive T-Cell Dependent Memory B Cell Pool
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5120830/
SHA: f4a82ad66962355ffb09e4d1b57fde3e94f0ec53
Authors: Anson, Marie; Amado, Inês; Mailhé, Marie-Pierre; Donnadieu, Emmanuel; Garcia, Sylvie; Huetz, François; Freitas, Antonio A.
Date: 2... | What was used to quantify the amount of IgM secreting cells? | false | 4,257 | {
"text": [
"ELISpot technique"
],
"answer_start": [
11251
]
} |
1,652 | Deep sequencing of primary human lung epithelial cells challenged with H5N1 influenza virus reveals a proviral role for CEACAM1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6195505/
SHA: ef58c6e981a08c85d2c0efb80e5b32b075f660b4
Authors: Ye, Siying; Cowled, Christopher J.; Yap, Cheng-Hon; Stambas, John
Date: 2018-10-... | How do influenza viruses escape binding by the natural killer cell activating receptors? | false | 1,953 | {
"text": [
"modification of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) glycosylation"
],
"answer_start": [
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]
} |
1,625 | Rotavirus A in wild and domestic animals from areas with environmental degradation in the Brazilian Amazon
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6298726/
SHA: f3c309c596c20f48f493b77e714ce957d877bdcb
Authors: de Barros, Bruno de Cássio Veloso; Chagas, Elaine Nunes; Bezerra, Luna Wanessa; Ribeiro, Laila Grazie... | What non-structural proteins are coded by Rotavirus? | false | 433 | {
"text": [
"NSP1-NSP5/NSP6"
],
"answer_start": [
4258
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What does their impairment stems from? | false | 3,971 | {
"text": [
"a type 2-skewed inflammatory response which deprives the airway of important type 1 responsive CD8 cells that are responsible for the complete clearance of virusinfected cells"
],
"answer_start": [
17072
]
} |
2,634 | Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067204/
SHA: c097a8a9a543d69c34f10e5c3fd78019e560026a
Authors: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Kok, Kin-Hang; Zhu, Zheng; Chu, Hin; To, Kelv... | What is the consequence of lack of deletions in Yunnan strains? | false | 3,727 | {
"text": [
"can use human ACE2 as a cellular entry receptor."
],
"answer_start": [
9370
]
} |
1,561 | Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalitis Responding to Combined Decompressive Craniectomy, Intravenous Immunoglobulin, and Corticosteroid Therapies: Association with Novel RANBP2 Variant
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857578/
SHA: ef6638accc1ef599ad1aafd47b3a86f2b904cc76
Authors: Alawadhi, Abdulla; Saint-Martin... | What could trigger acute necrotizing encephalopathy? | false | 3,037 | {
"text": [
"viral infection in previously healthy children"
],
"answer_start": [
3931
]
} |
1,572 | iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/
SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329
Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen
Date: 2014-03-19
DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915
License: cc-by... | How many families are in the NR superfamily? | false | 3,261 | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
2172
]
} |
1,575 | A 3-year prospective study of the epidemiology of acute respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in Shenzhen, China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4181804/
SHA: ef5fe7296ec8baf90d974cf5737af0da3ed403ea
Authors: He, Ying; Lin, Guang-Yu; Wang, Qiong; Cai, Xiao-Ying; Zhang, Yin-Hui; Lin, Chua... | Are there any vaccines against to protect against respiratory viral infections? | false | 553 | {
"text": [
"Currently, there are no approved vaccines or medications available for most of the respiratory viruses"
],
"answer_start": [
3172
]
} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What is it vectored by, in Asia? | false | 2,482 | {
"text": [
"Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus"
],
"answer_start": [
2164
]
} |
2,461 | Mucosal immune responses induced by oral administration recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the COE antigen of PEDV in newborn piglets
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6418403/
SHA: 5caced13bcb8a42cca41369c5a71ae7df5381ca8
Authors: Wang, Jialu; Huang, Lulu; Mou, Chunxiao; Zhang, En; Wang, Yongheng; ... | What factors determine an effective mucosal immune response? | false | 611 | {
"text": [
"serum IgG and mucosal SIgA"
],
"answer_start": [
18139
]
} |
1,629 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | How did most patients contract influenza a virus subtype h7n9? | false | 2,146 | {
"text": [
"Most patients with A(H7N9) infections had contact with poultry or visited live animal markets"
],
"answer_start": [
2139
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What is the underlying premise for many of these studies? | false | 4,474 | {
"text": [
"blunt any pathological response in the host ["
],
"answer_start": [
8311
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What was the hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, HCPS (or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome), linked to? | false | 4,460 | {
"text": [
"infection by the newly-discovered Sin Nombre virus (SNV)"
],
"answer_start": [
3330
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What does MERS-COV cause? | false | 4,178 | {
"text": [
"mild upper respiratory tract illness in its camel reservoir and sporadic, but relatively rare human infections."
],
"answer_start": [
739
]
} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What are the attractive features of the PIV5 vector? | false | 1,589 | {
"text": [
"PIV5 has a stable RNA genome and no DNA phase in virus replication cycle reducing concerns of host genome integration or modification. PIV5 can be grown to very high titers in mammalian vaccine cell culture substrates and is not cytopathic allowing for extended culture and harvest of vaccine virus [9... |
1,554 | Multimodal Imaging in an Unusual Cluster of Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5444036/
SHA: ee3cc22161595e877450737882a52950fd179672
Authors: Gal-Or, Orly; Priel, Ethan; Rosenblatt, Irit; Shulman, Shiri; Kramer, Michal
Date: 2017-05-11
DOI: 10.1155/2017/7535320
Licen... | What is multiple evanescent white dot syndrome? | false | 581 | {
"text": [
"a rare, sudden onset of unilateral chorioretinopathy"
],
"answer_start": [
1882
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} |
2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | What were the two contexts for transmission? | false | 3,835 | {
"text": [
"sporadic cases among travellers from China (14 cases) and cases who acquired infection due to subsequent local transmission in Europe (21 cases)."
],
"answer_start": [
9651
]
} |
1,671 | Host resilience to emerging coronaviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079962/
SHA: f7cfc37ea164f16393d7f4f3f2b32214dea1ded4
Authors: Jamieson, Amanda M
Date: 2016-07-01
DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0060
License: cc-by
Abstract: Recently, two coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus an... | What is the relationship between SARS-CoV and acute lung injury (ALI)? | false | 1,262 | {
"text": [
"Many infected patients have acute lung injury (ALI)"
],
"answer_start": [
2418
]
} |
1,671 | Host resilience to emerging coronaviruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079962/
SHA: f7cfc37ea164f16393d7f4f3f2b32214dea1ded4
Authors: Jamieson, Amanda M
Date: 2016-07-01
DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0060
License: cc-by
Abstract: Recently, two coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus an... | What is a major difference in clinical progression between SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV? | false | 1,267 | {
"text": [
"Unlike SARS-CoV infection, which causes primarily a severe respiratory syndrome, MERS-CoV infection can also lead to kidney failure"
],
"answer_start": [
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]
} |
1,583 | A super-spreading ewe infects hundreds with Q fever at a farmers' market in Germany
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618839/
SHA: ee1b5a9618dcc4080ed100486cedd0969e80fa4d
Authors: Porten, Klaudia; Rissland, Jürgen; Tigges, Almira; Broll, Susanne; Hopp, Wilfried; Lunemann, Mechthild; van Treeck, Ulrich; ... | What public event was linked with the outbreak? | false | 5,206 | {
"text": [
"farmers' market"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | Why is there high uncertainty in estimating the impact of interventions against the coronavirus? | false | 862 | {
"text": [
"too early to detect substantial\nintervention impact in many countries at earlier stages of their epidemic"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,679 | Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Induces Apoptosis through the Unfolded Protein Response Activation of EGR1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4794670/
SHA: f4aa788ab898b28b00ee103e4d4ab24a2c684caf
Authors: Baer, Alan; Lundberg, Lindsay; Swales, Danielle; Waybright, Nicole; Pinkham, Chelsea; Dinman, Jo... | What vaccine can be used to prevent Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus? | false | 937 | {
"text": [
"TC83"
],
"answer_start": [
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]
} |
185 | CDC Summary 21 MAR 2020,
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/summary.html
This is a rapidly evolving situation and CDC will provide updated information and guidance as it becomes available.
Updated March 21, 2020
CDC is responding to a pandemic of respiratory disease spreading from person-to-pers... | People with which medical conditions have a higher rate of severe illness? | false | 237 | {
"text": [
"People who have serious chronic medical conditions like:\nHeart disease\nDiabetes\nLung disease"
],
"answer_start": [
9476
]
} |
1,645 | Pre-existing immunity against vaccine vectors – friend or foe?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3542731/
SHA: f5bdf18567bb3760e1ce05008135f0270badbd5c
Authors: Saxena, Manvendra; Van, Thi Thu Hao; Baird, Fiona J.; Coloe, Peter J.; Smooker, Peter M.
Date: 2013-01-27
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.049601-0
License: cc... | What are examples of attenuated poxvirus vaccine delivery vectors? | false | 831 | {
"text": [
"modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) and New York attenuated vaccinia virus NYVAC strains"
],
"answer_start": [
6675
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} |
1,557 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | How were the clusters selected? | false | 3,020 | {
"text": [
"A stratified multi stage random sampling"
],
"answer_start": [
3841
]
} |
1,569 | Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667631/
SHA: ee632fa425607e8ff91fc3730bc0782d43ce9c0c
Authors: Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim; Taylor, Justin J.
Date: 2019-07-24
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01694
License: cc-by
Abstract: Antibodies against foreign antigens a... | How can antibodies also create health problems? | false | 467 | {
"text": [
"Dysregulation of the antibody response can lead to an autoimmune disease, malignancy, or enhanced infection."
],
"answer_start": [
488
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | Among whom 20% of the virus detection are reported? | false | 4,188 | {
"text": [
"among healthcare workers (HCWs) and higher exposures in those with occupations that bring them into close contact with camels."
],
"answer_start": [
2064
]
} |
776 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | What social and economic factors contributed to the large fatality rate in the 1918 influenza pandemic? | false | 286 | {
"text": [
"Malnutrition weakened the human immune system and made a person more vulnerable to infectious diseases like tuberculosis and influenza, therefore, hunger and malnutrition were indirectly responsible for millions of deaths in the world in that period of time."
],
"answer_start": [
1637
]
} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What percentage of people suffering from the CHIKF are over 65 years old? | false | 2,503 | {
"text": [
"50%"
],
"answer_start": [
6784
]
} |
1,571 | Community-acquired pneumonia in children — a changing spectrum of disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608782/
SHA: eecb946b106a94f26a79a964f0160e8e16f79f42
Authors: le Roux, David M.; Zar, Heather J.
Date: 2017-09-21
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3827-8
License: cc-by
Abstract: Pneumonia remains the lea... | What is the revised WHO definition of Bacterial Pneumonia? | false | 522 | {
"text": [
"A revised case definition of \"presumed bacterial pneumonia\" has been introduced, and this definition includes pneumonia cases with WHO-defined alveolar consolidation, as well as those with other abnormal chest radiograph infiltrates and a serum C-reactive protein of at least 40 mg/L"
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"answer... |
1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | What are the results of filamentous phage immunizations in mice? | false | 1,750 | {
"text": [
"serum antibody titers against the phage typically reach 1:10 5 -1:10 6 after 2-3 immunizations, and are maintained for at least 1 year postimmunization (Frenkel et al., 2000) ."
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2,459 | No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/
SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24
Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan
Date: 2020-02-26
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440
License: cc-by
... | Why does the claim lack any scientific basis? | false | 3,599 | {
"text": [
"because of significant divergence in the genetic sequence of this construct with the new SARS-CoV-2 (>5,000 nucleotides)."
],
"answer_start": [
2835
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} |
1,620 | A missense mutation in Katnal1 underlies behavioural, neurological and ciliary anomalies
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5761721/
SHA: f4cebabd74b16e710fb41a737d8ef84b7d565d8d
Authors: Banks, G; Lassi, G; Hoerder-Suabedissen, A; Tinarelli, F; Simon, M M; Wilcox, A; Lau, P; Lawson, T N; Johnson, S; Rutma... | What organ is most associated with the KATNAL1 gene? | false | 930 | {
"text": [
"central nervous system"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,621 | Vesicular stomatitis virus with the rabies virus glycoprotein directs retrograde transsynaptic transport among neurons in vivo
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566411/
SHA: ee48061797d29eeef5a9e606841bf8ab04b1d75b
Authors: Beier, Kevin T.; Saunders, Arpiar B.; Oldenburg, Ian A.; Sabatini, Bernardo L.; C... | What virus are used by the most successful neuronal circuit tracing methods? | false | 1,935 | {
"text": [
"Pseudorabies (PRV) and Rabies viruses (RABV)"
],
"answer_start": [
2185
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} |
1,568 | Etiology of respiratory tract infections in the community and clinic in Ilorin, Nigeria
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5719735/
SHA: f2e835d2cde5f42054dbd0c20d4060721135c518
Authors: Kolawole, Olatunji; Oguntoye, Michael; Dam, Tina; Chunara, Rumi
Date: 2017-12-07
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-3063-1
License:... | How can countries enhance public health surveillance? | false | 1,607 | {
"text": [
"active community surveillance"
],
"answer_start": [
13076
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} |
2,669 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | What do pathogens do upon infection? | false | 4,138 | {
"text": [
"stimulate expression of numerous host inflammatory factors that support recruitment and activation of immune cells."
],
"answer_start": [
3688
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} |
1,595 | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Viroporin 3a Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6361828/
SHA: f02d0c1e8b0109648e578662dc250abe349a033c
Authors: Chen, I-Yin; Moriyama, Miyu; Chang, Ming-Fu; Ichinohe, Takeshi
Date: 2019-01-29
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00050
Licens... | What was the fatality rate of the SARS coronavirus outbreak between November 2002 and July 2003? | false | 289 | {
"text": [
"9.6%"
],
"answer_start": [
2593
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} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What have sero-surveys of MERS virus found? | false | 4,189 | {
"text": [
"widespread evidence of past infection in adult camels and limited past exposure among humans."
],
"answer_start": [
2216
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What does the viral infection alter? | false | 3,994 | {
"text": [
"the nutrient profile in the airway through release of previously inaccessible nutrients that will alter bacterial growth"
],
"answer_start": [
23999
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} |
1,618 | ‘Tiny Iceland’ preparing for Ebola in a globalized world
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6507955/
SHA: efd94d1135c5ee11c2af624b344881e079a5ce7a
Authors: Gunnlaugsson, Geir; Hauksdóttir, Íris Eva; Bygbjerg, Ib Christian; Pinkowski Tersbøl, Britt
Date: 2019-05-07
DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1597451
License... | When did the World Health Organization declare the Ebola epidemic in West Africa as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern? | false | 2,178 | {
"text": [
"8 August 2014"
],
"answer_start": [
2494
]
} |
1,557 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | Who conducted the study? | false | 3,024 | {
"text": [
"clinicians, public health doctors, radiologists, laboratory technicians and nurses"
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"answer_start": [
4780
]
} |
185 | CDC Summary 21 MAR 2020,
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/summary.html
This is a rapidly evolving situation and CDC will provide updated information and guidance as it becomes available.
Updated March 21, 2020
CDC is responding to a pandemic of respiratory disease spreading from person-to-pers... | What age group has the highest rate of severe outcomes? | false | 236 | {
"text": [
"people 85 years and older"
],
"answer_start": [
6117
]
} |
1,599 | Diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in suspected community-acquired pneumonia adults visiting emergency department and having a systematic thoracic CT scan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4608327/
SHA: f3d150545162ff3cc253c235011a02a91ee676cb
Authors: Le Bel, Josselin; Hausfater,... | How many patients were analyzed in the study? | false | 5,252 | {
"text": [
"Two hundred"
],
"answer_start": [
1521
]
} |
1,628 | Evidence for the Convergence Model: The Emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Viet Nam
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4580613/
SHA: ee5b43d20a640664510cb7a540caaae4a8e19933
Authors: Saksena, Sumeet; Fox, Jefferson; Epprecht, Michael; Tran, Chinh C.; Nong, Duong H.; Spencer, James H.;... | What is the relationship between urbanization and risk of emergence of flu-like diseases? | false | 585 | {
"text": [
"findings suggest that urbanization spatially combines risk factors to produce particular types of peri-urban landscapes with significantly higher HPAI H5N1 emergence risk."
],
"answer_start": [
1274
]
} |
1,676 | Viruses Causing Gastroenteritis: The Known, The New and Those Beyond
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4776197/
SHA: f7b30ee89775bc82607cc6bc87feb5934b47625f
Authors: Oude Munnink, Bas B.; van der Hoek, Lia
Date: 2016-02-19
DOI: 10.3390/v8020042
License: cc-by
Abstract: The list of recently discovered ga... | How many deaths each year are caused by gastroenteritis? | false | 900 | {
"text": [
"two to three million"
],
"answer_start": [
919
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | How long MERS cases shed viral RNA in their LRT specimens (tracheal aspirates and sputum)? | false | 4,263 | {
"text": [
"at least 30 days"
],
"answer_start": [
25542
]
} |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | What is the geographical origin of the H1N1 swine flu ? | false | 1,082 | {
"text": [
"Historical and epidemiologic data are inade-\nquate to identify the geographic origin of the Virus (21),\nand recent phylogenetic analysis of the 1918 Viral genome\ndoes not place the Virus in any geographic context"
],
"answer_start": [
6409
]
} |
1,698 | Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064339/
SHA: f2cc0d63ff2c4aaa127c4caae21d8f3a0067e3d5
Authors: Brook, Cara E; Boots, Mike; Chandran, Kartik; Dobson, Andrew P; Drosten, Christian; Graham, Andrea L; Grenfell, Bryan T; ... | What do the studies suggest? | false | 2,745 | {
"text": [
"that viruses evolved in bat reservoirs possessing enhanced IFN capabilities could achieve more rapid within-host transmission rates without causing pathology to their hosts. Such rapidly-reproducing viruses would likely generate extreme virulence upon spillover to hosts lacking similar immune capacit... |
2,592 | A mathematical model for simulating the phase-based transmissibility of a novel coronavirus
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00640-3
SHA: 018269476cd191365d6b8bed046078aea07c8c01
Authors: Yin, Tian-Mu Chen; Jia, Rui; Qiu-Peng, Wang; Ze-Yu, Zhao; Jing-An, Cui; Ling
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00640-3
License... | What is the estimate of R 0? | false | 2,756 | {
"text": [
"The value of R 0 was estimated of 2.30 from reservoir to person and 3.58 from person to person which means that the expected number of secondary infections that result from introducing a single infected individual into an otherwise susceptible population was 3.5"
],
"answer_start": [
1439
]... |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What are miRNAs found to be induced by? | false | 4,011 | {
"text": [
"viral infections and may play a role in the modulation of antiviral responses and inflammation"
],
"answer_start": [
29232
]
} |
188 | The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management
and Infection Control in a Radiology Department
https://www.jacr.org/article/S1546-1440(20)30285-4/pdf
Journal Pre-proof
Zixing Huang, Shuang Zhao, Zhenlin Li, Weixia Chen, Lihong Zhao, Lipeng Deng, Bin
Song
PII: S1546-1440(20)30285-4
DOI: htt... | How were the radiology department areas divided? | false | 2,449 | {
"text": [
"contaminated, semicontaminated,\nbuffer, and clean areas"
],
"answer_start": [
10860
]
} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What vectored the large epidemic in La Reunion Islands? | false | 2,511 | {
"text": [
"Ae. albopictus"
],
"answer_start": [
8182
]
} |
1,629 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What is a potential therapeutic benefit of carageenan? | false | 2,142 | {
"text": [
"carrageenan and Zanamivir act synergistically against several influenza A virus strains (H1N1(09)pdm, H3N2, H5N1, H7N7)"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
2,555 | Backcalculating the Incidence of Infection with COVID-19 on the Diamond Princess
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030657
SHA: 0938d2fb07611897abf38cea727ddbeea77b73d9
Authors: Nishiura, Hiroshi
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030657
License: cc-by
Abstract: To understand the time-dependent risk of infection on a cruise ship... | What would have the number of confirmed cases on the Diamond Princess cruise ship, without a movement restriction starting on the 5th February 2020? | false | 1,189 | {
"text": [
"the cumulative incidence with and without close contact would have been as large as 1373 (95% CI: 570, 2176) and 766 (95% CI: 587, 946) cases,"
],
"answer_start": [
1008
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} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What must be reported to the world organization for animal health as an emerging disease ? | false | 4,276 | {
"text": [
"animal MERS-CoV infections"
],
"answer_start": [
30299
]
} |
1,623 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What does the study show? | false | 4,117 | {
"text": [
"that ILI is not specific to influenza and so it is essential to have biological results in order to establish the differential diagnosis and thus explain the etiology of symptoms."
],
"answer_start": [
13510
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | Where can this disease manifest? | false | 3,863 | {
"text": [
"in both the upper airway (such as chronic rhinosinusitis, CRS) and lower airway (such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)"
],
"answer_start": [
2352
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} |
1,629 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | How many deaths occur annually as a result of annual influenza epidemics? | false | 2,150 | {
"text": [
"250,000 to 500,000"
],
"answer_start": [
2853
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} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What vaccinia vectors were created to address safety concerns? | false | 1,637 | {
"text": [
"The modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) strain was attenuated by passage 530 times in chick embryo fibroblasts cultures. The second, New York vaccinia virus (NYVAC) was a plaque-purified clone of the Copenhagen vaccine strain rationally attenuated by deletion of 18 open reading frames"
],
"answe... |
1,592 | Pretreatment Hepatitis C Virus NS5A/NS5B Resistance-Associated Substitutions in Genotype 1 Uruguayan Infected Patients
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112080/
SHA: f01ad3545245b4f884b48aa2b69c9deb942c3e77
Authors: Aldunate, Fabián; Echeverría, Natalia; Chiodi, Daniela; López, Pablo; Sánchez-Cicerón, Ad... | How do nonnucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitors work? | false | 3,897 | {
"text": [
"inhibit polymerase activity by allosteric mechanisms"
],
"answer_start": [
2755
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What may viral infections of the respiratory epithelium by viruses such as IFV, RV, RSV and HSV do? | false | 4,025 | {
"text": [
"may trigger the further production of ROS as an antiviral mechanism"
],
"answer_start": [
32578
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} |
1,623 | Etiology of Influenza-Like Illnesses from Sentinel Network Practitioners in Réunion Island, 2011-2012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031398/
SHA: f5ff89ebfdd0375d034c112c6c1c7e163fa69a0c
Authors: Brottet, Elise; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine; Li-Pat-Yuen, Ghislaine; Filleul, Laurent
Date: 2016-09-21... | What viruses were detected? | false | 4,037 | {
"text": [
"respiratory viruses in 169/222 (76.1%) samples, mostly rhinovirus (23.4%), influenza A virus (21.2%), influenza B virus (12.6%), coronavirus (4.9%) and Human metapneumovirus (3.6%)."
],
"answer_start": [
928
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} |
1,591 | Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941262/
SHA: f5ae3f66face323615df39d838e056ab5fcc98df
Authors: Kamau, Everlyn; Oketch, John W.; de Laurent, Zaydah R.; Phan, My V. T.; Agoti, Charles N.; Nokes, D. Ja... | What are the two major genotypes of HMPV? | false | 4,065 | {
"text": [
"A and B"
],
"answer_start": [
2486
]
} |
1,629 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | How many severe cases are there for annual influenza epidemics? | false | 2,149 | {
"text": [
"Worldwide, annual epidemics result in about three to five million cases of severe illness"
],
"answer_start": [
2751
]
} |
1,590 | In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Circular Triple Helix Forming Oligonucleotide RNA towards Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Replication
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3950953/
SHA: f5ad2323eb387f6e271e2842bb2cc4a33504fde3
Authors: Choong, Oi Kuan; Mehrbod, Parvaneh; Tejo, Bimo Ario; Omar, Abdul Rahman... | For how long was the denatured polyacrylamide gel polymerized? | false | 4,057 | {
"text": [
"30 minutes"
],
"answer_start": [
6326
]
} |
185 | CDC Summary 21 MAR 2020,
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/summary.html
This is a rapidly evolving situation and CDC will provide updated information and guidance as it becomes available.
Updated March 21, 2020
CDC is responding to a pandemic of respiratory disease spreading from person-to-pers... | In what species did the COVID-19 virus likely originate? | false | 235 | {
"text": [
"bats"
],
"answer_start": [
4352
]
} |
1,679 | Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Induces Apoptosis through the Unfolded Protein Response Activation of EGR1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4794670/
SHA: f4aa788ab898b28b00ee103e4d4ab24a2c684caf
Authors: Baer, Alan; Lundberg, Lindsay; Swales, Danielle; Waybright, Nicole; Pinkham, Chelsea; Dinman, Jo... | What laboratory test can be used to monitor protein expression? | false | 941 | {
"text": [
"Western blot"
],
"answer_start": [
31495
]
} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What are the appealing qualities of the NDV vector? | false | 1,583 | {
"text": [
"As an avian virus, there is little or no preexisting immunity to NDV in humans and NDV propagates to high titers in both chicken eggs and cell culture."
],
"answer_start": [
22870
]
} |
1,625 | Rotavirus A in wild and domestic animals from areas with environmental degradation in the Brazilian Amazon
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6298726/
SHA: f3c309c596c20f48f493b77e714ce957d877bdcb
Authors: de Barros, Bruno de Cássio Veloso; Chagas, Elaine Nunes; Bezerra, Luna Wanessa; Ribeiro, Laila Grazie... | How many known species of Rotavirus exist? | false | 430 | {
"text": [
"nine species"
],
"answer_start": [
3868
]
} |
2,440 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is presented in this study? | false | 4,395 | {
"text": [
"new forecasting model to estimate and forecast the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the upcoming ten days based on the previously confirmed cases recorded in China"
],
"answer_start": [
593
]
} |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What is a lockdown? | false | 1,071 | {
"text": [
"banned gatherings of more than 2 people"
],
"answer_start": [
26840
]
} |
2,459 | No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/
SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24
Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan
Date: 2020-02-26
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440
License: cc-by
... | How is the SARS-CoV-2 referred to? | false | 3,590 | {
"text": [
"as coronavirus disease discovered in 2019 (COVID-19)"
],
"answer_start": [
629
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What can MERS disease progress to? | false | 4,224 | {
"text": [
"acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan system failure"
],
"answer_start": [
8732
]
} |
1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | What were more potent inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus growth than high-concentration free chloramphenicol? | false | 1,757 | {
"text": [
"M13 or fd phage displaying either a targeting peptide or antibody fragment and tethered to chloramphenicol by a labile crosslinker"
],
"answer_start": [
28475
]
} |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | What role rapid diagnostics plays? | false | 3,658 | {
"text": [
"enables prompt and accurate public health surveillance, prevention and control measures. Local transmission and clusters can be prevented or delayed by isolation of laboratory-confirmed cases and their close contacts quarantined and monitored at home"
],
"answer_start": [
16735
]
} |
2,683 | Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-
pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries
30 March 2020 Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
Seth Flaxmani Swapnil Mishra*, Axel Gandy*, H JulietteT Unwin, Helen Coupland, Thomas A Mellan, Harrison
Zhu, Tresnia Berah, Jeffrey W Eato... | What was the result of China's interventions introduced in January? | false | 823 | {
"text": [
"downward trend in the number of\nconfirmed new cases during February"
],
"answer_start": [
7408
]
} |
2,526 | Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029449/
SHA: 90de2d957e1960b948b8c38c9877f9eca983f9eb
Authors: Cowling, Benjamin J; Leung, Gabriel M
Date: 2020-02-13
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020... | What can play a role in the infection of gastrointestinal tract? | false | 2,981 | {
"text": [
"faecal-oral transmission"
],
"answer_start": [
5868
]
} |
1,546 | First Complete Genome Sequence of a French Bovine coronavirus Strain
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5477389/
SHA: eef0ecf5b8e7b179dadaef967e65f2ab68f021e1
Authors: Kin, Nathalie; Guerard, Pauline; Diancourt, Laure; Caro, Valérie; Vabret, Astrid; Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg
Date: 2017-05-25
DOI: 10.1128/genomea... | What is the size of the orf1ab gene in bovine coronavirus? | false | 920 | {
"text": [
"20kb"
],
"answer_start": [
2034
]
} |
188 | The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management
and Infection Control in a Radiology Department
https://www.jacr.org/article/S1546-1440(20)30285-4/pdf
Journal Pre-proof
Zixing Huang, Shuang Zhao, Zhenlin Li, Weixia Chen, Lihong Zhao, Lipeng Deng, Bin
Song
PII: S1546-1440(20)30285-4
DOI: htt... | What is the reason to adopt low-dose CT? | false | 2,461 | {
"text": [
"low-dose chest CT has been\nwidely used in the screening of early lung cancer. It is well known that many early lung cancers\nare ground-glass opacities (GGO), so we believe that low-dose screening is also applicable for\nCOVID-19. In addition, considering the rapid development of COVID-19, many CT\n... |
1,656 | Improved Pharmacological and Structural Properties of HIV Fusion Inhibitor AP3 over Enfuvirtide: Highlighting Advantages of Artificial Peptide Strategy
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4541410/
SHA: f2fcc16391f946c99717b63ec9a24e5384aac381
Authors: Zhu, Xiaojie; Zhu, Yun; Ye, Sheng; Wang, Qian; Xu, Wei; ... | What mutations have been typically associated with T20-resistant HIV-1 variants? | false | 2,264 | {
"text": [
"GIV motif (residues 36-45: GIVQQQNNLL) in the gp41 NHR domain 10"
],
"answer_start": [
17807
]
} |
1,679 | Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Induces Apoptosis through the Unfolded Protein Response Activation of EGR1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4794670/
SHA: f4aa788ab898b28b00ee103e4d4ab24a2c684caf
Authors: Baer, Alan; Lundberg, Lindsay; Swales, Danielle; Waybright, Nicole; Pinkham, Chelsea; Dinman, Jo... | What is the mortality rate of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in adults? | false | 936 | {
"text": [
"10%"
],
"answer_start": [
4108
]
} |
1,698 | Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064339/
SHA: f2cc0d63ff2c4aaa127c4caae21d8f3a0067e3d5
Authors: Brook, Cara E; Boots, Mike; Chandran, Kartik; Dobson, Andrew P; Drosten, Christian; Graham, Andrea L; Grenfell, Bryan T; ... | How are mammalian cells typically rendered antiviral? | false | 2,724 | {
"text": [
"the presence of viral RNA or DNA in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells will induce secretion of type I interferon proteins (IFN-a and IFN-b), which promote expression and translation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in neighboring cells"
],
"answer_start": [
2916
]
} |
2,565 | Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 Inhibits Hantaan Virus Infection, and Its Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs12252 Influences the Severity of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5206578/
SHA: 4328e18bdf9b52875c87f3f5ddb1911636a192d2
Authors: Xu-yang, Zheng; Pei... | What is the hypothesized mechanism by which IFITMs work? | false | 555 | {
"text": [
"restrict viral infection at the stage of cellular entry"
],
"answer_start": [
28051
]
} |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | What did the comparison between the molecular test and serological test show? | false | 3,638 | {
"text": [
"that the molecular test has better sensitivity and specificity."
],
"answer_start": [
8800
]
} |
2,440 | Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030674
SHA: 1d7f8850c5244fdc9b387038e7eeae9bcbbde6d2
Authors: Al-Qaness, Mohammed A. A.; Ewees, Ahmed A.; Fan, Hong; Abd El Aziz, Mohamed
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030674
License: cc-by
Abstract: In December 2019,... | What is the FPA optimization algorithm inspired by? | false | 4,429 | {
"text": [
"inspired by the flow pollination process of the flowering plants."
],
"answer_start": [
6333
]
} |
1,628 | Evidence for the Convergence Model: The Emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) in Viet Nam
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4580613/
SHA: ee5b43d20a640664510cb7a540caaae4a8e19933
Authors: Saksena, Sumeet; Fox, Jefferson; Epprecht, Michael; Tran, Chinh C.; Nong, Duong H.; Spencer, James H.;... | What is the relationship between the outbreak of HPAI H5N1 like diseases and rice cultivation? | false | 596 | {
"text": [
"extent of rice cultivation is a risk factor, mainly due its association with free ranging ducks acting as scavengers"
],
"answer_start": [
16923
]
} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What explains the pain associated with CHIKV? | false | 2,502 | {
"text": [
"The high number of nociceptive nerve endings found within the joints and muscle connective tissues"
],
"answer_start": [
6623
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | Where was HTNV isolated from? | false | 4,465 | {
"text": [
"from the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius,"
],
"answer_start": [
4308
]
} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What percentage of population was affected? | false | 2,512 | {
"text": [
"34%"
],
"answer_start": [
8247
]
} |
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