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1,656 | Improved Pharmacological and Structural Properties of HIV Fusion Inhibitor AP3 over Enfuvirtide: Highlighting Advantages of Artificial Peptide Strategy
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4541410/
SHA: f2fcc16391f946c99717b63ec9a24e5384aac381
Authors: Zhu, Xiaojie; Zhu, Yun; Ye, Sheng; Wang, Qian; Xu, Wei; ... | What is the in vivo elimination half-life of AP3? | false | 2,262 | {
"text": [
"6.02 h"
],
"answer_start": [
8658
]
} |
1,645 | Pre-existing immunity against vaccine vectors – friend or foe?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3542731/
SHA: f5bdf18567bb3760e1ce05008135f0270badbd5c
Authors: Saxena, Manvendra; Van, Thi Thu Hao; Baird, Fiona J.; Coloe, Peter J.; Smooker, Peter M.
Date: 2013-01-27
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.049601-0
License: cc... | What is the effect of host immune response to the delivery vector on the efficacy of vaccination? | false | 861 | {
"text": [
"theoretically reduce the exposure of the heterologous antigen to the immune system, as the vector is rapidly cleared."
],
"answer_start": [
9682
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} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What is the advantage of baculovirus vectors? | false | 1,577 | {
"text": [
"The vectors can accommodate large gene insertions, show limited cytopathic effect in mammalian cells, and have been shown to infect and express genes of interest in a spectrum of mammalian cells"
],
"answer_start": [
19909
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What is usually linked with the development of chronic airway inflammatory diseases? | false | 3,992 | {
"text": [
"specific bacterial species in the microbiome which may thrive in the inflamed airway environment"
],
"answer_start": [
23338
]
} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What did the first report on adenovirus as a vector demonstrate? | false | 1,516 | {
"text": [
"immunogenicity of recombinant adenovirus 5 (rAd5) expressing the HA of a swine influenza virus, A/Swine/Iowa/1999 (H3N2)"
],
"answer_start": [
9465
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What does hantavirus human disease manifest as? | false | 4,446 | {
"text": [
"a cardiopulmonary compromise, hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS)"
],
"answer_start": [
907
]
} |
1,684 | A novel anti-mycobacterial function of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804704/
SHA: f6ed1f1e9999e57793addb1c9c54f61c7861a995
Authors: Cheung, Benny KW; Yim, Howard CH; Lee, Norris CM; Lau, Allan SY
Date: 2009-12-17
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-64
License: cc-... | How many MAPK phosphatases exist? | false | 896 | {
"text": [
"at least 10"
],
"answer_start": [
3858
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} |
188 | The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management
and Infection Control in a Radiology Department
https://www.jacr.org/article/S1546-1440(20)30285-4/pdf
Journal Pre-proof
Zixing Huang, Shuang Zhao, Zhenlin Li, Weixia Chen, Lihong Zhao, Lipeng Deng, Bin
Song
PII: S1546-1440(20)30285-4
DOI: htt... | What is the major role of chest CT? | false | 2,460 | {
"text": [
"to understand the\nextent and dynamic evolution of lung lesions induced by COVID-19"
],
"answer_start": [
24384
]
} |
2,439 | Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7078228/
SHA: 1cf54d1c77b7f0494ab971429d26e0e199952d09
Authors: Liu, Jia; Cao, Ruiyuan; Xu, Mingyue; Wang, Xi; Zhang, Huanyu; Hu, Hengrui; Li, Yufeng; Hu, ... | What will be the drug of choice for treating COVID-19 between Chloroquine and Remdesivir? | false | 651 | {
"text": [
"two potential drugs, CQ appears to be the drug of choice for large-scale use due to its availability, proven safety record, and a relatively low cost."
],
"answer_start": [
1897
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} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | For HCPS, what does that expression spare? | false | 4,552 | {
"text": [
"the retroperitoneum and, in general, the kidney"
],
"answer_start": [
16895
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | Why viruses do not need to directly infect the lower airway to cause an acute exacerbation? | false | 3,964 | {
"text": [
"he nasal epithelium remains the primary site of most infections."
],
"answer_start": [
15786
]
} |
2,439 | Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7078228/
SHA: 1cf54d1c77b7f0494ab971429d26e0e199952d09
Authors: Liu, Jia; Cao, Ruiyuan; Xu, Mingyue; Wang, Xi; Zhang, Huanyu; Hu, Hengrui; Li, Yufeng; Hu, ... | Mechanism of action of Chloroquine(CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine(HCQ) against COVID-19? | false | 658 | {
"text": [
"CQ and HCQ are weak bases that are known to elevate the pH of acidic intracellular organelles"
],
"answer_start": [
6327
]
} |
1,575 | A 3-year prospective study of the epidemiology of acute respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in Shenzhen, China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4181804/
SHA: ef5fe7296ec8baf90d974cf5737af0da3ed403ea
Authors: He, Ying; Lin, Guang-Yu; Wang, Qiong; Cai, Xiao-Ying; Zhang, Yin-Hui; Lin, Chua... | What viruses have been responsible for most common childhood acute respiratory track infections (ARTI)? | false | 550 | {
"text": [
"The most frequently reported viruses include respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses A and B (IAV, IBV), parainfluenza viruses (PIVs), human rhinovirus (HRV) and adenovirus (ADV),"
],
"answer_start": [
2534
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} |
1,645 | Pre-existing immunity against vaccine vectors – friend or foe?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3542731/
SHA: f5bdf18567bb3760e1ce05008135f0270badbd5c
Authors: Saxena, Manvendra; Van, Thi Thu Hao; Baird, Fiona J.; Coloe, Peter J.; Smooker, Peter M.
Date: 2013-01-27
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.049601-0
License: cc... | What is the effect of host immune response to the delivery vector on the efficacy of vaccination? | false | 876 | {
"text": [
"In a large-scale clinical trial (STEP) of an Ad serotype 5 (AdHu5)-based HIV-1 vaccine, the vaccines showed a lack of efficacy and tended to increase the risk of HIV-1 infection in vaccine recipients who had pre-existing neutralizing antibodies to AdHu5 ("
],
"answer_start": [
22400
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} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What animal models exist for both the asymptomatic carriage of PUUV and SNV? | false | 4,562 | {
"text": [
"their native carrier rodents, the bank vole Myodes glareolus and the deer mouse P. maniculatus"
],
"answer_start": [
20004
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What is dynamitin associated with? | false | 4,509 | {
"text": [
"reduced N's accumulation in the Golgi"
],
"answer_start": [
14136
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What does the change in the local airway environment and inflammation promote? | false | 4,004 | {
"text": [
"growth of pathogenic bacteria that may replace the airway microbiome."
],
"answer_start": [
26478
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} |
2,642 | First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068164/
SHA: ce358c18aac69fc83c7b2e9a7dca4a43b0f60e2e
Authors: Spiteri, Gianfranco; Fielding, James; Diercke, Michaela; Campese, Christine; Enouf, Vincent; Gayma... | What was the duration of hospitalisation? | false | 3,815 | {
"text": [
"The mean number of days to hospitalisation was 2.5 days for cases imported from China, but 4.6 days for those infected in Europe."
],
"answer_start": [
6596
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} |
185 | CDC Summary 21 MAR 2020,
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/summary.html
This is a rapidly evolving situation and CDC will provide updated information and guidance as it becomes available.
Updated March 21, 2020
CDC is responding to a pandemic of respiratory disease spreading from person-to-pers... | What viruses are similar to the COVID-19 coronavirus? | false | 232 | {
"text": [
"MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV."
],
"answer_start": [
4280
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What is the categorization of hantaviruses as belonging to the family Bunyaviridae due in part to? | false | 4,468 | {
"text": [
"the consistent presence of three RNA genomes that are circularized in vivo as a result of the presence of terminal complementary nucleotides that help fold the genome into a -hairpin‖ morphology,"
],
"answer_start": [
4817
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} |
2,669 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | What is another case in point? | false | 4,164 | {
"text": [
"the ancient lineage of nucleocytosolic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs)"
],
"answer_start": [
7596
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | How was the virus then made freely available? | false | 4,201 | {
"text": [
"sensitive, validated reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-rtPCR)-based diagnostics were quickly described"
],
"answer_start": [
4612
]
} |
2,669 | Frontiers in antiviral therapy and immunotherapy
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1115
SHA: facbfdfa7189ca9ff83dc30e5d241ab22e962dbf
Authors: Heaton, Steven M
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1115
License: cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Globally, recent decades have witnessed a growing disjunction, a 'Valley of Death' 1,2 no l... | What do the RBPs include? | false | 4,145 | {
"text": [
"RNA methylation machinery"
],
"answer_start": [
4453
]
} |
1,634 | Gastroenteritis and respiratory infection outbreaks in French nursing homes from 2007 to 2018: Morbidity and all-cause lethality according to the individual characteristics of residents
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6759171/
SHA: f1d456ea268266ff3c21317c4190e4fcb49b5e4f
Authors: Gaspard, Philippe; Mos... | What was the goal of the study? | false | 5,307 | {
"text": [
"describe GE and RTI outbreaks with infection and all-cause lethality rates according to the individual characteristics of nursing home residents"
],
"answer_start": [
697
]
} |
1,579 | Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Adult Patients Attending Outpatient and Emergency Departments, Taiwan, 2012–2013: A PCR/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635751/
SHA: ef6361c7bffb9e92f397d7004bfb3a9c804d7c6a
Authors: Shih, Hsin-I; Wang, Hsuan-Chen; Su... | What was the length of the study? | false | 4,083 | {
"text": [
"9-month"
],
"answer_start": [
11268
]
} |
1,604 | Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/
SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0
Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya... | What do we know about the genomics of human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55)? | false | 3,243 | {
"text": [
"This pathogen was fully characterized by whole-genome sequencing"
],
"answer_start": [
3601
]
} |
1,698 | Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064339/
SHA: f2cc0d63ff2c4aaa127c4caae21d8f3a0067e3d5
Authors: Brook, Cara E; Boots, Mike; Chandran, Kartik; Dobson, Andrew P; Drosten, Christian; Graham, Andrea L; Grenfell, Bryan T; ... | What do fits to rVSV-MARV infections on PaKiT01 cells suggest? | false | 2,750 | {
"text": [
"that the constitutive IFN-a expression characteristic of P. alecto cells may represent more of a constitutive immune priming process than a perpetual, functional, antiviral defense."
],
"answer_start": [
35005
]
} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | How does the transmission in Asia occur? | false | 2,483 | {
"text": [
"in an urban cycle whereby the mosquito spreads the disease from an infected human to an uninfected human, following an epidemiological pattern similar to dengue fever"
],
"answer_start": [
2231
]
} |
2,463 | SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026896/
SHA: 5d254ed178c092d3639ce70ae9653593acc471f9
Authors: McCloskey, Brian; Heymann, David L.
Date: 2020-02-05
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000254
License: cc-by
Abstract: The response to the novel coronavirus outb... | What was the R0 of SARS in absence of control measures? | false | 1,216 | {
"text": [
"3"
],
"answer_start": [
9947
]
} |
1,730 | Architectural Insight into Inovirus-Associated Vectors (IAVs) and Development of IAV-Based Vaccines Inducing Humoral and Cellular Responses: Implications in HIV-1 Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4276942/
SHA: f6e6534cb423c1823ad38d7d5c0a98c303f2efdb
Authors: Hassapis, Kyriakos A.; Stylianou, Do... | How can random peptide libraries be used in applications? | false | 326 | {
"text": [
"the identification of peptide ligands by receptors, the mapping of substrate sites for enzymes, and the creation of antibody peptide libraries"
],
"answer_start": [
15729
]
} |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | How can baculovirus vectors be improved? | false | 1,578 | {
"text": [
"While the insect promoters are not effective for mammalian gene expression, appropriate promoters can be cloned into the baculovirus vaccine vectors."
],
"answer_start": [
20111
]
} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What does recent data indicate? | false | 4,510 | {
"text": [
"that microtubular transport is indeed utilized for the New World hantavirus SNV"
],
"answer_start": [
14426
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} |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | Once appeared, when do the influenza like diseases occur in subsequent years? | false | 1,090 | {
"text": [
"confronted by the selection pressures of population immu-\nnity, these pandemic Viruses begin to drift genetically and\neventually settle into a pattern of annual epidemic recur-\nrences caused by the drifted Virus variants."
],
"answer_start": [
9458
]
} |
1,656 | Improved Pharmacological and Structural Properties of HIV Fusion Inhibitor AP3 over Enfuvirtide: Highlighting Advantages of Artificial Peptide Strategy
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4541410/
SHA: f2fcc16391f946c99717b63ec9a24e5384aac381
Authors: Zhu, Xiaojie; Zhu, Yun; Ye, Sheng; Wang, Qian; Xu, Wei; ... | How many times was the experiment repeated? | false | 2,255 | {
"text": [
"twice"
],
"answer_start": [
2661
]
} |
2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | What was the result of the phase 1 trial of IgG immunoglobin? | false | 3,657 | {
"text": [
"The trial conducted in the United States in 2017 demonstrated SAB-301 to be safe and well-tolerated at single doses."
],
"answer_start": [
16227
]
} |
1,604 | Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/
SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0
Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya... | What is the white blood cell count in severe cases of human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55)? | false | 3,248 | {
"text": [
"low or in the normal range"
],
"answer_start": [
9441
]
} |
1,676 | Viruses Causing Gastroenteritis: The Known, The New and Those Beyond
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4776197/
SHA: f7b30ee89775bc82607cc6bc87feb5934b47625f
Authors: Oude Munnink, Bas B.; van der Hoek, Lia
Date: 2016-02-19
DOI: 10.3390/v8020042
License: cc-by
Abstract: The list of recently discovered ga... | Is Koch's postulate applicable to enteric viruses? | false | 912 | {
"text": [
"not applicable"
],
"answer_start": [
15881
]
} |
1,688 | Health care workers indicate ill preparedness for Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in Ashanti Region of Ghana
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5461762/
SHA: f8efe7295a7cf875c8a695df3e87a42e651ce60d
Authors: Annan, Augustina Angelina; Yar, Denis Dekugmen; Owusu, Michael; Biney, Eno Akua; Forson, Paa Kobina; O... | How many facilities believed they were adequately equipped to handle Ebla virus disease? | false | 4,252 | {
"text": [
"26"
],
"answer_start": [
1536
]
} |
2,439 | Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7078228/
SHA: 1cf54d1c77b7f0494ab971429d26e0e199952d09
Authors: Liu, Jia; Cao, Ruiyuan; Xu, Mingyue; Wang, Xi; Zhang, Huanyu; Hu, Hengrui; Li, Yufeng; Hu, ... | Evidence of Hydroxychloroquine(HCQ) being anti inflammatory in SARS-CoV-2 critically ill patients with elevated plasma cytokines? | false | 662 | {
"text": [
"HCQ is a safe and successful anti-inflammatory agent"
],
"answer_start": [
11799
]
} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What are the genotypes based on? | false | 2,489 | {
"text": [
"the gene sequences of an Envelope protein (E1), are Asian, East/Central/ South African, and West African"
],
"answer_start": [
3303
]
} |
1,665 | Mucosal Vaccination with Recombinant Lactobacillus casei-Displayed CTA1-Conjugated Consensus Matrix Protein-2 (sM2) Induces Broad Protection against Divergent Influenza Subtypes in BALB/c Mice
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3979752/
SHA: efaa556b484fbcd9cc34832ffac53ef3e834e9c0
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2,620 | Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020388
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Authors: Zhao, Shi; Musa, Salihu S.; Lin, Qianying; Ran, Jinjun; ... | What was the initial growth phase pattern? | false | 1,872 | {
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1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
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Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What is dynamitin associated with? | false | 4,508 | {
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1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
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Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
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Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What was the hairpin morphology first described for? | false | 4,469 | {
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1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | Is there any evidence that MERS-CoV is a virus of pandemic concern? | false | 4,381 | {
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1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What is the advantage of adenovirus vaccines? | false | 1,509 | {
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1,545 | Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/
SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14
Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;... | Which species are more prevalent but less severe? | false | 1,720 | {
"text": [
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1,572 | iNR-Drug: Predicting the Interaction of Drugs with Nuclear Receptors in Cellular Networking
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3975431/
SHA: ee55aea26f816403476a7cb71816b8ecb1110329
Authors: Fan, Yue-Nong; Xiao, Xuan; Min, Jian-Liang; Chou, Kuo-Chen
Date: 2014-03-19
DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034915
License: cc-by... | What tool can be used to determine the 3D structure of proteins? | false | 3,263 | {
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1,676 | Viruses Causing Gastroenteritis: The Known, The New and Those Beyond
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4776197/
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Authors: Oude Munnink, Bas B.; van der Hoek, Lia
Date: 2016-02-19
DOI: 10.3390/v8020042
License: cc-by
Abstract: The list of recently discovered ga... | What is Koch's second postulate? | false | 908 | {
"text": [
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1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
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Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
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Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What was mortality in South Korea from MERS disease? | false | 4,227 | {
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1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What did, In the last century, outbreaks of viral-related diseases that have emerged or re-emerged, involve? | false | 4,455 | {
"text": [
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1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What is affected by CHIKV? | false | 2,501 | {
"text": [
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} |
2,620 | Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020388
SHA: bf20dda99538a594eafc258553634fd9195104cb
Authors: Zhao, Shi; Musa, Salihu S.; Lin, Qianying; Ran, Jinjun; ... | How was the epidemic curve modeled? | false | 1,907 | {
"text": [
", the C i series, as an exponential growin"
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1,565 | Design, Synthesis, Evaluation and Thermodynamics of 1-Substituted Pyridylimidazo[1,5-a]Pyridine Derivatives as Cysteine Protease Inhibitors
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3734177/
SHA: ee8483f8f2cc5fe38be4e565eae3af9d0bb8220b
Authors: Khan, Mohd Sajid; Baig, Mohd Hassan; Ahmad, Saheem; Siddiqui, Shapi ... | What criteria sets the guideline for drug-like properties? | false | 3,043 | {
"text": [
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2,459 | No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/
SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24
Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan
Date: 2020-02-26
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440
License: cc-by
... | How much is the difference between the human SARS-CoV-2 and the bat RaTG13-CoV? | false | 3,595 | {
"text": [
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2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What is the focus of this review? | false | 3,857 | {
"text": [
"recent novel findings that elucidate how respiratory viral infections alter the epithelial barrier in the airways, the upper airway microbial environment, epigenetic modifications including miRNA modulation, and other changes in immune responses throughout the upper and lower airways."
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2,486 | Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030623
SHA: 9b0c87f808b1b66f2937d7a7acb524a756b6113b
Authors: Pang, Junxiong; Wang, Min Xian; Ang, Ian Yi Han; Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan; Lewis, Ruth Frances; Chen, Jacinta I. Pei;... | How do severe cases compare with mild cases? | false | 3,667 | {
"text": [
"viral loads are also higher for severe cases and have longer viral shedding compared to mild cases"
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1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What is the spread of MERS-CoV among humans, associated with? | false | 4,207 | {
"text": [
"with outbreaks in hospitals, with around 20 % of all cases to date involving healthcare workers (HCWs)."
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2,634 | Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067204/
SHA: c097a8a9a543d69c34f10e5c3fd78019e560026a
Authors: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Kok, Kin-Hang; Zhu, Zheng; Chu, Hin; To, Kelv... | What does the orf8 derived from 2019-nCOV belong to? | false | 3,734 | {
"text": [
"the group that includes the closest genome sequences of bat SARS-related-CoV ZXC21 and ZC45."
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1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | Why have Hantavirus diseases of man been suspected of having an immunopathogenic basis? | false | 4,511 | {
"text": [
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2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What complicates this further? | false | 3,865 | {
"text": [
"the effect of episodic exacerbations of the disease, defined as worsening of disease symptoms including wheeze, cough, breathlessness and chest tightness"
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1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | What has the bacteriphage technology and the library of folded protein variants enabled? | false | 1,730 | {
"text": [
"the ability to seamlessly connect genetic information with protein function for a large number of protein variants simultaneously, and has been widely and productively exploited in studies of proteinprotein interactions"
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1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What additional strategies have been explored to avoid preexisting immunity? | false | 1,557 | {
"text": [
"Prime-boost strategies, using DNA or protein immunization in conjunction with an adenovirus vaccine booster immunization"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | Which two distinct cellular receptors the glycoproteins are the known or presumed ligands for? | false | 4,473 | {
"text": [
"the 3 integrin chain and decay accelerating factor, or DAF"
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"answer_start": [
6200
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} |
1,645 | Pre-existing immunity against vaccine vectors – friend or foe?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3542731/
SHA: f5bdf18567bb3760e1ce05008135f0270badbd5c
Authors: Saxena, Manvendra; Van, Thi Thu Hao; Baird, Fiona J.; Coloe, Peter J.; Smooker, Peter M.
Date: 2013-01-27
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.049601-0
License: cc... | What are methods to avoid the effect vector immunity on the efficacy of vaccination? | false | 877 | {
"text": [
"the use of vectors derived from nonhuman sources, using human viruses of rare serotypes (Kahl et al., 2010; Lasaro & Ertl, 2009) , heterologous prime-boost approaches (Liu et al., 2008) , homologous reimmunization (Steffensen et al., 2012) and removing key neutralizing epitopes on the surface of vira... |
1,719 | Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/
SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b
Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark
Date: 2014-08-07
DOI: 10.3390/v6083055
License: cc-by
Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic... | What is an example of an improved vaccine regime? | false | 1,651 | {
"text": [
"a vectored influenza virus vaccine that expresses the HA, NA and M and/or NP proteins for the two currently circulating influenza A subtypes and both influenza B strains so that vaccine take and vaccine antigen levels are not an issue in inducing protective immunity"
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4205... |
1,549 | A Global Champion for Health—WHO’s Next?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4924837/
SHA: f2f9088055600d4160e36db5cb6ea000916390a3
Authors: nan
Date: 2016-06-28
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002059
License: cc-by
Abstract: In this month’s editorial, the PLOS Medicine Editors propose ideal qualities for the W... | Where should the next Director General for the WHO come from? | false | 1,595 | {
"text": [
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1,660 | Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3185593/
SHA: efe13a8d42b60ef9f7387ea539a1b2eeb5f80101
Authors: Hjelle, Brian; Torres-Pérez, Fernando
Date: 2010-11-25
DOI: 10.3390/v2122559
License: cc-by
Abstract: The continued emergence and re-emergenc... | What do Hantaviruses cause in their reservoir hosts? | false | 4,445 | {
"text": [
"persistent infections"
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1,629 | The Intranasal Application of Zanamivir and Carrageenan Is Synergistically Active against Influenza A Virus in the Murine Model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4459876/
SHA: f0b1fa4036434b57c8307d43c39a4193f7e8053a
Authors: Morokutti-Kurz, Martina; König-Schuster, Marielle; Koller, Christiane; Graf, Chr... | What is the optimal window for initiating treatment with carageenan and Zanamivir? | false | 2,143 | {
"text": [
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1,652 | Deep sequencing of primary human lung epithelial cells challenged with H5N1 influenza virus reveals a proviral role for CEACAM1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6195505/
SHA: ef58c6e981a08c85d2c0efb80e5b32b075f660b4
Authors: Ye, Siying; Cowled, Christopher J.; Yap, Cheng-Hon; Stambas, John
Date: 2018-10-... | What are the SRC-family of kinases? | false | 1,949 | {
"text": [
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2,459 | No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/
SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24
Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan
Date: 2020-02-26
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440
License: cc-by
... | What are the most revealing signs that SARS-CoV-2 evolved by natural evolution. | false | 3,597 | {
"text": [
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2,458 | Statistics-Based Predictions of Coronavirus Epidemic Spreading in Mainland China
https://doi.org/10.20535/ibb.2020.4.1.195074
SHA: 4ff89a71126d2932544a8337ba28787fde5f02a8
Authors: Nesteruk, Igor
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2020.4.1.195074
License: cc-by
Abstract: Information about the open-access article 'Statist... | Use of SIR/SEIR model in Statistics-Based Predictions of Coronavirus Epidemic Spreading? | false | 669 | {
"text": [
"susceptible persons is S, infected (persons who are sick and spread the infection) -I, removed (persons who do not spread the infection anymore, this number is the sum of isolated, recovered and dead people) -R; the infection and immunization rates"
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1,665 | Mucosal Vaccination with Recombinant Lactobacillus casei-Displayed CTA1-Conjugated Consensus Matrix Protein-2 (sM2) Induces Broad Protection against Divergent Influenza Subtypes in BALB/c Mice
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3979752/
SHA: efaa556b484fbcd9cc34832ffac53ef3e834e9c0
Authors: Chowdhury, Moha... | What is considered essential to boost the interaction of the influenza vaccine with the mucosal immune system? | false | 5,189 | {
"text": [
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"answer_start": [
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641 | RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/
Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro
2013-02-06
DOI:10.3390/ph6020223
License:cc-by
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions... | What size of particle has been shown to be most effective in the delivery to the lower airway? | false | 1,620 | {
"text": [
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2,585 | Spread from the Sink to the Patient: In Situ Study Using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-Expressing Escherichia coli To Model Bacterial Dispersion from Hand-Washing Sink-Trap Reservoirs
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5377511/
SHA: 615071c8c959f24857b1bad521cc432b59719bfb
Authors: Kotay, Shireen; Chai, ... | What may be a likely cause of sink-to-sink spreading of pathogens in the hospital setting? | false | 545 | {
"text": [
"via a common sanitary pipe"
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"answer_start": [
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1,569 | Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667631/
SHA: ee632fa425607e8ff91fc3730bc0782d43ce9c0c
Authors: Boonyaratanakornkit, Jim; Taylor, Justin J.
Date: 2019-07-24
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01694
License: cc-by
Abstract: Antibodies against foreign antigens a... | How are the studies on B-cells helping the development of a universal influenza vaccine? | false | 490 | {
"text": [
"Influenza also performs fusion through the stem region of the hemagglutinin protein, and the identification of B cells that target this relatively conserved site has spurred research on the development of a universal influenza vaccine ("
],
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} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | Which are the most commonly studied viruses in chronic airway inflammatory diseases? | false | 4,006 | {
"text": [
"RV, RSV, and IFV"
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1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What is NPA? | false | 4,266 | {
"text": [
"nasopharyngeal aspirates"
],
"answer_start": [
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} |
1,674 | Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4523942/
SHA: f00f183d0bce0091a02349ec1eab44a76dad9bc4
Authors: Henry, Kevin A.; Arbabi-Ghahroudi, Mehdi; Scott, Jam... | What characteristics are determined by the display mode? | false | 1,734 | {
"text": [
"maximum tolerated size of the fused polypeptide, its copy number on the phage, and potentially, the structure of the displayed polypeptide"
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1,664 | Port d’Entrée for Respiratory Infections – Does the Influenza A Virus Pave the Way for Bacteria?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5742597/
SHA: ee0050c6fb81a4067d134010d0c80d21edb5df0b
Authors: Siemens, Nikolai; Oehmcke-Hecht, Sonja; Mettenleiter, Thomas C.; Kreikemeyer, Bernd; Valentin-Weigand, Peter; H... | What percentage of healthy adults are asymptotically colonized by pneumococcus bacteria? | false | 5,176 | {
"text": [
"8-30%"
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"answer_start": [
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2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | How many people were infected during the 1918 Spanish Influenza epidemic? | false | 1,058 | {
"text": [
"An estimated one third of the world’s population (or\nz500 million persons) were infected and had clinical-\nly apparent illnesses"
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]
} |
1,604 | Emergent severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by adenovirus type 55 in immunocompetent adults in 2013: a prospective observational study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4243941/
SHA: f5b706d0529bfcf7e2d1dfc037df5b6f95fc5ec0
Authors: Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Wang, Zheng; Qu, Jiuxin; Li, Xuya... | How successful are the use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in the treatment of severe ARDS from human adenovirus type 55 infection? | false | 3,257 | {
"text": [
"we found that severe HAdV-55 infection could cause a rapid progression of respiratory failure, with a very high failure rate for NPPV and IMV"
],
"answer_start": [
16491
]
} |
2,459 | No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054935/
SHA: 5a9154aee79901dd8fecd58b7bcd9b7351102d24
Authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda J.; Weiss, Susan R.; Su, Lishan
Date: 2020-02-26
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440
License: cc-by
... | How did the SARS-CoV gain elevated replication and lung pathogenesis in aged mice ? | false | 3,601 | {
"text": [
"due to six coding genetic mutations associated with mouse adaptation."
],
"answer_start": [
3229
]
} |
776 | It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/
Song, Liting
2014-05-07
DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039
License:cc-by
Abstract: nan
Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p... | Is there an Influenza vaccine? | false | 299 | {
"text": [
"We do not have a universal vaccine to prevent all influenza virus infections, but we can make effective vaccines to a specific influenza virus strain in a short time."
],
"answer_start": [
3790
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | To what have most human cases of MERS been linked? | false | 4,187 | {
"text": [
"to lapses in infection prevention and control (IPC) in healthcare settings"
],
"answer_start": [
1932
]
} |
2,675 | Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) related to the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among Chinese General Population: a Telephone Survey
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3112099/
SHA: fe954b75ed45c02d47090ee70d25c726b24b081c
Authors: Lin, Yilan; Huang, Lijuan; Nie, Shaofa; Liu, Zengyan; Yu, Hongjie; Yan, Weiron... | What is the highest alert level given by the World Health Organization to a pandemic? | false | 525 | {
"text": [
"phase 6"
],
"answer_start": [
2938
]
} |
2,643 | Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7085188/
SHA: d013e42811c6442b184da3b9bbfd9e334031a975
Authors: Poole, Danielle N.; Escudero, Daniel J.; Gostin, Lawrence O.; Leblang, David; Talbot, Elizabeth A.
Date: 2020-03-21
DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-0... | What is hand washing to protect one's own health consistent with? | false | 1,924 | {
"text": [
"the rights to dignity and to fully participate in decisions related to assistance in humanitarian crises."
],
"answer_start": [
3888
]
} |
1,684 | A novel anti-mycobacterial function of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804704/
SHA: f6ed1f1e9999e57793addb1c9c54f61c7861a995
Authors: Cheung, Benny KW; Yim, Howard CH; Lee, Norris CM; Lau, Allan SY
Date: 2009-12-17
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-64
License: cc-... | What regulates the activity of MAPK activity? | false | 889 | {
"text": [
"MAPK phosphatase-1"
],
"answer_start": [
861
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What is summarized? | false | 3,859 | {
"text": [
"how recent models have expanded our appreciation of the mechanisms of viral-induced exacerbations."
],
"answer_start": [
1539
]
} |
1,689 | Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/
SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c
Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani... | What is theorized regarding transmission? | false | 2,524 | {
"text": [
"motherto-child transmission most likely happens transplacentally shortly before delivery"
],
"answer_start": [
12096
]
} |
1,602 | High Burden of Non-Influenza Viruses in Influenza-Like Illness in the Early Weeks of H1N1v Epidemic in France
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3157400/
SHA: f4c1afe385e9e31eb5678e15a3c280ba97326554
Authors: Schnepf, Nathalie; Resche-Rigon, Matthieu; Chaillon, Antoine; Scemla, Anne; Gras, Guillaume; Semou... | What are the criteria used to define an influenza-like illness in France? | false | 5,264 | {
"text": [
"a sudden fever above 39uC with myalgia and respiratory signs"
],
"answer_start": [
2913
]
} |
2,504 | Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052386/
SHA: 45a566c71056ba4faab425b4f7e9edee6320e4a4
Authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Lim, Rachel Liyu; Liu, Jing; Ong, Hsiao Hui; ... | What are the common feature of these viruses share? | false | 3,885 | {
"text": [
"they can infect both the upper and/or lower airway, further increasing the inflammatory conditions in the diseased airway"
],
"answer_start": [
7262
]
} |
641 | RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/
Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro
2013-02-06
DOI:10.3390/ph6020223
License:cc-by
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions... | What medications have shown good promise to in vivo delivery via dry powder inhalers? | false | 1,617 | {
"text": [
"insulin [39] and low-molecular-weight heparin [40]"
],
"answer_start": [
5473
]
} |
2,653 | Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7048229/
SHA: da81f0d3a12ab7faa09148acb6564271474e9e02
Authors: Zhang, Wei; Du, Rong-Hui; Li, Bei; Zheng, Xiao-Shuang; Yang, Xing-Lou; Hu, Ben; Wang, Yan-Yi; Xi... | What are ways in which 2019-nCOV is transmitted? | false | 882 | {
"text": [
"We found the presence of 2019-nCoV in anal swabs and blood as well, and more anal swab positives than oral swab positives in a later stage of infection, suggesting shedding and thereby transmitted through oral–fecal route."
],
"answer_start": [
1156
]
} |
2,432 | Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7090843/
SHA: 0a08fddd9dcee1b1254a05b49113521bbc423ccd
Authors: Lai, Jianbo; Ma, Simeng; Wang, Ying; Cai, Zhongxiang; Hu, Jianbo; Wei, Ning; Wu, Jiang; Du, Hui; Ch... | What were the Impact of Event Scale–Revised scores? | false | 3,465 | {
"text": [
"21.0 [8.5-34.5] vs 18.0 [6.0-28.0] in Hubei outside Wuhan and 15.0 [4.0-26.0] outside Hubei; P < .001)."
],
"answer_start": [
2844
]
} |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | When was it determined that the 1918 pandemic was caused by the H1N1 Influenza virus? | false | 1,064 | {
"text": [
"That question did not begin to be resolved until the 1930s,\nwhen closely related influenza Viruses (now known to be\nH1N1 Viruses) were isolated, first from pigs and shortly\nthereafter from humans. Seroepidemiologic studies soon\nlinked both of these viruses to the 1918 pandemic"
],
"answer_start... |
2,668 | 2019-nCoV: The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool Applied to a Novel Emerging Coronavirus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7081861/
SHA: f323af9a07cc54faf9bdbabadaacb0e8b46f99a2
Authors: Koenig, Kristi L.; Beÿ, Christian K.; McDonald, Eric C.
Date: 2020-01-31
DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.1.46760
License: cc-... | When did the United States declare COVID19 a public health emergency? | false | 2,192 | {
"text": [
"January 31, 2020,"
],
"answer_start": [
5172
]
} |
2,684 | 1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Jeffery K. Taubenberger" and David M. Morens1-
The “Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918—1919,
which caused :50 million deaths worldwide, remains an
ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its
origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of
its p... | What are the circumstances that promote the spread of influenza virus? | false | 1,099 | {
"text": [
"lower environ-\nmental temperatures and human nasal temperatures (bene-\nficial to thermolabile Viruses such as influenza), optimal\nhumidity, increased crowding indoors, and imperfect ven-\ntilation due to closed windows and suboptimal airflow"
],
"answer_start": [
11707
]
} |
1,587 | Exploring the Innate Immunological Response of an Alternative Nonhuman Primate Model of Infectious Disease; the Common Marmoset
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4129158/
SHA: f4c43e4ae49ca69dbac32620bd0a73ecbb683b91
Authors: Nelson, M.; Loveday, M.
Date: 2014-07-22
DOI: 10.1155/2014/913632
License: cc-by... | Why makes the marmoset an appropriate animal model for pathogen research? | false | 5,231 | {
"text": [
"the small size of marmosets, their immune response to infection that is comparable to humans, and the ability to house more statistically relevant numbers within high containment"
],
"answer_start": [
19325
]
} |
1,741 | MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687373/
SHA: f6fcf1a99cbd073c5821d1c4ffa3f2c6daf8ae29
Authors: Mackay, Ian M.; Arden, Katherine E.
Date: 2015-12-22
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0439-5
License: cc-by
Abstract: The first known cases of Middle East ... | What does Clade A contain? | false | 4,372 | {
"text": [
"only human-derived MERS-CoV genomes"
],
"answer_start": [
52035
]
} |
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