text stringlengths 0 7.84M | meta dict |
|---|---|
Accessibility of a critical prion protein region involved in strain recognition and its implications for the early detection of prions.
Human prion diseases are characterized by the accumulation in the brain of proteinase K (PK)-resistant prion protein designated PrP27 - 30 detectable by the 3F4 antibody against human PrP109 - 112. We recently identified a new PK-resistant PrP species, designated PrP*20, in uninfected human and animal brains. It was preferentially detected with the 1E4 antibody against human PrP 97 - 108 but not with the anti-PrP 3F4 antibody, although the 3F4 epitope is adjacent to the 1E4 epitope in the PrP*20 molecule. The present study reveals that removal of the N-terminal amino acids up to residue 91 significantly increases accessibility of the 1E4 antibody to PrP of brains and cultured cells. In contrast to cells expressing wild-type PrP, cells expressing pathogenic mutant PrP accumulate not only PrP*20 but also a small amount of 3F4-detected PK-resistant PrP27 - 30. Remarkably, during the course of human prion disease, a transition from an increase in 1E4-detected PrP*20 to the occurrence of the 3F4-detected PrP27 - 30 was observed. Our study suggests that an increase in the level of PrP*20 characterizes the early stages of prion diseases. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Q:
PreparedStatement and DateTime
I am trying to use DateTime from the Joda library and I realized that PreparedStatements doesn't support DateTime. What can I do instead? I can set TimeStamp but that's not really what I want. Is there a workaround or do I have to use TimeStamp? In my MySQL database I have also chosen DateTime as the type.
DatabaseConnection dbConnect = new DatabaseConnection();
PreparedStatement query =dbConnect.getConnect().prepareStatement(sql);
query.setInt(1, c.getMemberId());
query.setDateTime(2, c.getStartDate());
query.setDateTime(3, c.getEndDate());
A:
setDate(java.sql.Date) seems like what you're looking for:
query.setDate(2, new java.sql.Date(c.getStartDate().getMillis());
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Slashdot videos: Now with more Slashdot!
View
Discuss
Share
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
An anonymous reader writes "The Pirate Party of New Zealand has issued a strongly-worded (yet satirical) press release, decrying a recently-launched pro Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) website, stating, among other things: 'The use of a masted sailing ship is the most glaring example of the satirical nature of this website and one of our main grounds for offence. The Pirate Ship and all its related depictions are clearly intellectual property of the Pirate Party or at least if not the Party then The Pirate Bay which the Party shares a mutual affinity with for a free and open Internet. In these heady days of lawsuits over patents for rounded corners we can not stand by on the decks of the Internet and allow these cannon shots to go unanswered!'"
There are however serious complaints and actions. The Mana [mana.net.nz] party are a bit more serious about it. Not that the NZPP aren't seriously against this agreement, their satire seems to have at least achieved coverage here, The Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement has many of the hallmarks of the various copyright agreements slashdot has been fervently against in the past, such as being negotiated in secret and without consultation or representation. The treaty is much more far reaching in it's consequences than th
It's reasons like this why the various Pirate parties will mostly always not be taken seriously. It's like they do silly things for fun and then expect people to act like they should be treated as a real political party.
I was at the grocery store a while back during an election, and there were two people there dressed in full pirate gear handing out their leaflets. Initially I thought it was a product promotion.
They might as well be the Insane Clown Posse Party if they're just there to do stupid things.
But you would be willing to vote for someone with less integrity, albeit one wearing a sharp suit?
Not on the basis of a sharp suit. But the guy standing outside the grocery store in a pirate suit doesn't immediately make me think "now there's a man I want to represent me".
And the specific issue in TFA about them kvetching about someone using the logo of a sailing vessel? It's a childish, silly publicity stunt that doesn't change my opinion of them -- it makes it seem like one of those farcical parties ins | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Check out our new site Makeup Addiction
add your own caption
add your own caption
add your own caption
add your own caption
add your own caption
add your own caption
add your own caption
add your own caption
add your own caption
add your own caption
add your own caption
saved us in WWII? we created you in 1783 | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
reclaimthebindi:
If dark skin doesn’t fit your ‘aesthetic’, rethink your ideals. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Q:
Performance - Ruby - Compare large array of hashes (dictionary) to primary hash; update resulting value
I'm attempting to compare my data, which is in the format of an array of hashes, with another large array of hashes (~50K server names and tags) which serves as a dictionary. The dictionary is stripped down to only include the absolutely relevant information.
The code I have works but it is quite slow on this scale and I haven't been able to pinpoint why. I've done verbose printing to isolate the issue to a specific statement (tagged via comments below)--when it is commented out, the code runs ~30x faster.
After reviewing the code extensively, I feel like I'm doing something wrong and perhaps Array#select is not the appropriate method for this task. Thank you so much in advance for your help.
Code:
inventory = File.read('inventory_with_50k_names_and_associate_tag.csv')
# Since my CSV is headerless, I'm forcing manual headers
@dictionary_data = CSV.parse(inventory).map do |name|
Hash[ [:name, :tag].zip(name) ]
end
# ...
# API calls to my app to return an array of hashes is not shown (returns '@app_data')
# ...
@app_data.each do |issue|
# Extract base server name from FQDN (e.g. server_name1.sub.uk => server_name1)
derived_name = issue['name'].split('.').first
# THIS IS THE BLOCK OF CODE that slows down execution 30 fold:
@dictionary_data.select do |src_server|
issue['tag'] = src_server[:tag] if src_server[:asset_name].start_with?(derived_name)
end
end
Sample Data Returned from REST API (@app_data):
@app_data = [{'name' => 'server_name1.sub.emea', 'tag' => 'Europe', 'state' => 'Online'}
{'name' => 'server_name2.sub.us', 'tag' => 'US E.', 'state' => 'Online'}
{'name' => 'server_name3.sub.us', 'tag' => 'US W.', 'state' => 'Failover'}]
Sample Dictionary Hash Content:
@dictionary_data = [{:asset_name => 'server_name1-X98765432', :tag => 'Paris, France'}
{:asset_name => 'server_name2-Y45678920', :tag => 'New York, USA'}
{:asset_name => 'server_name3-Z34534224', :tag => 'Portland, USA'}]
Desired Output:
@app_data = [{'name' => 'server_name1', 'tag' => 'Paris, France', 'state' => 'Up'}
{'name' => 'server_name2', 'tag' => 'New York, USA', 'state' => 'Up'}
{'name' => 'server_name3', 'tag' => 'Portland, USA', 'state' => 'F.O'}]
A:
Assuming "no" on both of my questions in the comments:
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'csv'
@dictionary_data = CSV.open('dict_data.csv') { |csv|
Hash[csv.map { |name, tag| [name[/^.+(?=-\w+$)/], tag] }]
}
@app_data = [{'name' => 'server_name1.sub.emea', 'tag' => 'Europe', 'state' => 'Online'},
{'name' => 'server_name2.sub.us', 'tag' => 'US E.', 'state' => 'Online'},
{'name' => 'server_name3.sub.us', 'tag' => 'US W.', 'state' => 'Failover'}]
STATE_MAP = {
'Online' => 'Up',
'Failover' => 'F.O.'
}
@app_data = @app_data.map do |server|
name = server['name'][/^[^.]+/]
{
'name' => name,
'tag' => @dictionary_data[name],
'state' => STATE_MAP[server['state']],
}
end
p @app_data
# => [{"name"=>"server_name1", "tag"=>"Paris, France", "state"=>"Up"},
# {"name"=>"server_name2", "tag"=>"New York, USA", "state"=>"Up"},
# {"name"=>"server_name3", "tag"=>"Portland, USA", "state"=>"F.O."}]
EDIT: I find it more convenient here to read the CSV without headers, as I don't want it to generate an array of hashes. But to read a headerless CSV as if it had headers, you don't need to touch the data itself, as Ruby's CSV is quite powerful:
CSV.read('dict_data.csv', headers: %i(name tag)).map(&:to_hash)
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
Need help coloring/replacing arbitrary strings using Bash and sed
I'm using a bash script based on the technique used here: Get color output in bash to color the output of my builds and other scripts to make things easier to read. One of the steps in my build executes a "git pull" and the git server spits out a "welcome" string like this amidst a bunch of other output:
** WARNING: THIS IS A PRIVATE NETWORK. UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS IS PROHIBITED. **
Use of this system constitutes your consent to interception, monitoring,
and recording for official purposes of information related to such use,
including criminal investigations.
I'd like to color this specific message yellow or possibly delete it from the output while leaving the rest of the output alone. I've tried to replace a simple string like this:
WelcomeMessage="WARNING"
pathpat=".*"
ccred=$(echo -e "\033[0;31m")
ccyellow=$(echo -e "\033[0;33m")
ccend=$(echo -e "\033[0m")
git pull 2>&1 | sed -r -e "/$WelcomeMessage/ s%$pathpat%$ccyellow&$ccend%g"
The first line of the welcome string is colored yellow as expected but the rest of the lines are not. I'd really like to color the exact welcome string and only that string but for many reasons, this doesn't work:
WelcomeMessage="** WARNING: THIS IS A PRIVATE NETWORK. UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS IS PROHIBITED. **
Use of this system constitutes your consent to interception, monitoring,
and recording for official purposes of information related to such use,
including criminal investigations."
pathpat=".*"
ccred=$(echo -e "\033[0;31m")
ccyellow=$(echo -e "\033[0;33m")
ccend=$(echo -e "\033[0m")
git pull 2>&1 | sed -r -e "/$WelcomeMessage/ s%$pathpat%$ccyellow&$ccend%g"
This fails with the error: sed: -e expression #1, char 78: unterminated address regex
I've looked at a couple other questions and I was able to get the asterisks escaped (by preceding them with backslashes) but I'm baffled by the periods and multiple lines. I'd like to continue using sed to solve this problem since it integrates nicely with the colorizing solution.
Any help is appreciated. Thanks!
A:
The following will colorize in yellow every line from the first instance of ** to the first instance of a period . that's not on the same line. This will match the entire warning message as written.
NORMAL=$(tput sgr0)
YELLOW=$(tput setaf 3)
git pull 2>&1 | sed "/\*\*/,/\./s/.*/$YELLOW&$NORMAL/"
Note: If you want to delete the message you can use this:
git pull 2>&1 | sed '/\*\*/,/\./d'
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
Upload from clipboard not working in VBA Excel
After executing a transaction, I get bunch of user ids, then I copy it and paste it into another part of the transaction
I want to do this with the help of VBA but "UPLOAD FROM CLIPBOARD" doesn't seem to work.
Anybody can help?
Set SAPGUIAuto = GetObject("SAPGUI")
Set SAPapplication = SAPGUIAuto.GetScriptingEngine
Set Connection = SAPapplication.Children(0)
Set session = Connection.Children(0)
session.findById("wnd[0]").maximize
session.findById("wnd[0]/tbar[0]/okcd").Text = "suim"
session.findById("wnd[0]").sendVKey 0
######first part######
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlTREE_CONTROL_CONTAINER/shellcont/shell").expandNode "02 1 2"
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlTREE_CONTROL_CONTAINER/shellcont/shell").topNode = "01 1 1"
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlTREE_CONTROL_CONTAINER/shellcont/shell").expandNode "03 2 7"
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlTREE_CONTROL_CONTAINER/shellcont/shell").selectItem "04 2 8", "1"
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlTREE_CONTROL_CONTAINER/shellcont/shell").ensureVisibleHorizontalItem "04 2 8", "1"
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlTREE_CONTROL_CONTAINER/shellcont/shell").topNode = "01 1 1"
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlTREE_CONTROL_CONTAINER/shellcont/shell").clickLink "04 2 8", "1"
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/btn%ACTGRPS%APP%-VALU_PUSH").press
session.findById("wnd[1]/usr/tabsTAB_STRIP/tabpSIVA/ssubSCREEN_HEADER:SAPLALDB:3010/tblSAPLALDBSINGLE/ctxtRSCSEL_255-SLOW_I[1,0]").Text = "*******"
session.findById("wnd[1]/usr/tabsTAB_STRIP/tabpSIVA/ssubSCREEN_HEADER:SAPLALDB:3010/tblSAPLALDBSINGLE/ctxtRSCSEL_255-SLOW_I[1,1]").Text = "***********"
session.findById("wnd[1]/usr/tabsTAB_STRIP/tabpSIVA/ssubSCREEN_HEADER:SAPLALDB:3010/tblSAPLALDBSINGLE/ctxtRSCSEL_255-SLOW_I[1,2]").Text = "************"
session.findById("wnd[1]/usr/tabsTAB_STRIP/tabpSIVA/ssubSCREEN_HEADER:SAPLALDB:3010/tblSAPLALDBSINGLE/ctxtRSCSEL_255-SLOW_I[1,2]").SetFocus
session.findById("wnd[1]/usr/tabsTAB_STRIP/tabpSIVA/ssubSCREEN_HEADER:SAPLALDB:3010/tblSAPLALDBSINGLE/ctxtRSCSEL_255-SLOW_I[1,2]").caretPosition = 18
session.findById("wnd[1]/tbar[0]/btn[8]").press
session.findById("wnd[0]/tbar[1]/btn[8]").press
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlGRID1/shellcont/shell/shellcont[1]/shell").currentCellRow = -1
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlGRID1/shellcont/shell/shellcont[1]/shell").selectColumn "BNAME"
#####Got Bunch of User Ids and copied it with the help of Ctrl+C ######
session.findById("wnd[0]/tbar[0]/btn[3]").press
session.findById("wnd[0]/tbar[0]/btn[3]").press
###### second part######
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlTREE_CONTROL_CONTAINER/shellcont/shell").expandNode "02 1 10"
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlTREE_CONTROL_CONTAINER/shellcont/shell").topNode = "01 1 1"
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlTREE_CONTROL_CONTAINER/shellcont/shell").selectItem "03 3 1", "1"
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlTREE_CONTROL_CONTAINER/shellcont/shell").ensureVisibleHorizontalItem "03 3 1", "1"
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlTREE_CONTROL_CONTAINER/shellcont/shell").clickLink "03 3 1", "1"
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/btn%USER%APP%-VALU_PUSH").press
session.findById("wnd[1]/tbar[0]/btn[24]").press
session.findById("wnd[1]/tbar[0]/btn[8]").press
Here, I copy user ids in first part and store it into BNAME.
But VBA is unable to upload from clipboard in the second part
Maybe because it is not liking Ctrl+C in the first part
A:
You could try the following:
'...
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlGRID1/shellcont/shell/shellcont[1]/shell").selectColumn "BNAME"
'---------------------- new -----------------------------------------
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlGRID1/shellcont/shell/shellcont[1]/shell").contextMenu
session.findById("wnd[0]/usr/cntlGRID1/shellcont/shell/shellcont[1]/shell").selectContextMenuItemByPosition "0"
'---------------------- new -----------------------------------------
'#####Got Bunch of User Ids and copied it with the help of Ctrl+C ######
'...
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Dowlad Deegaanka Soomaalida Itoobiya oo sheegtay in boqolaal Soomaali ah la laayay
Deegaanka Soomaalida oo sheegay in Oramadu ay boqolaal dishay
Wasiirka isboortiga iyo dhalinyarada ahna la taliyaha arrimaha saxaafada ee madaxweynaha Maxamed Bille 'Miig', oo u hadlay dowlad deegaanka Soomaalida Itoobiya oo BBC-da la hadlay ayaa sheegay in dad Soomaali ah oo aad u badan lagu laayay deegaanada xuduudaha ee ay wadaagaan maamulada Soomaalida iyo Oromada Itoobiya, wuxuuna falkaas ku eedeeyey ciidamada maamulka Oromiya.
Dilkaas oo lagu eedeeyay in ay gaysteen dad Oromo ah ayaa wararkii ugu dambeeyay ee soo baxaya waxa ay sheegayaan in xiisadaha ay sii faafayaan.
Wariyaha BBC-da ee magaalada Hargaysa Axmed Siciid Cige ayaa soo sheegaya in xalay labo qof oo Oromo ah lagu dilay bar koontarool oo ku taala wadad u dhaxaysa Hargaysa iyo Arabsiyo kadib markii uu nin askari ah rasaas ku furay.
Wasiiru dowlaha arrimaha gudaha Somaliland Maxamed Muuse Diiriye ayaa sheegay in askarii la xiray, lana baarayo sababta dilka keentay, wuxuuna intaas ku daray in ciidamada heegan la galiyay , lana faray in aanan wax la yeeleynin dadka Oromada ah ee ku sugan Somaliland. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
One North Texas city will not try to ban abortions.
The mayor of Mineral Wells, west of Fort Worth, wanted to create an ordinance banning abortion providers from operating in the city.
Supporters said it would have made Mineral Wells a “sanctuary city for the unborn.”
Mayor Christopher Perricone asked the city manager to add an item regarding the ordinance to Tuesday’s city council agenda. But, the city attorney advised council members the ban would conflict with federal law.
The council voted 5-2 against moving forward with the issue but still took time to hear public input.
“Mayor, I dare you to tell me you own my body like my rapist did. Because I told my rapist no,” said Isabela Villa.
“It’s disgusting that there’s this place in Fort Worth that I can visit where I know that babies go in there and they never come out,” said Evan Herd.
Mayor Perricone said his goal was to make it known that Mineral Wells doesn’t approve of abortion.
“Because life is being grown in that woman. Her choice is actually stopped because I have an obligation to protect that voiceless one inside her, that one that can’t stand up and talk,” he said.
Mineral Wells does not currently have an abortion clinic. But, Perricone said he got the idea from the East Texas city of Waskom. Last month, an all-male city council voted to ban any abortion clinics from opening in their city.
“If we’re going to take the stance that we believe that life begins at conception, that our duty as elected officials is to protect that life, then I feel that we need to take this strongest stand possible,” the mayor.
All three women on the Mineral Wells city council voted against moving forward. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
- content_for :page_title, @user.full_name
.outer
.container
= render "/header", title: @user.full_name
.charts
= render @time_series.chart, time_series: @time_series
.charts
= render "/charts/pie_chart", title: t("charts.hours_spent_per_project"), data: EntryStats.new(@time_series.entries_for_time_span).hours_for_subject_collection(Project.all).to_json
= render "/charts/pie_chart", title: t("charts.hours_spent_per_category"), data: EntryStats.new(@time_series.entries_for_time_span).hours_for_subject_collection(Category.all).to_json
= link_to t("users.show.entries"), user_entries_path(@user)
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Toward Enediyne Mimics: Methanolysis of Azoesters and a Bisazoester.
Enediyne anticancer antibiotics have attracted tremendous interest in the past decade. The inherent difficulty in synthesizing these structurally complex natural products with the strained enediyne moiety has motivated a search for simpler molecules that mimic enediyne chemistry. The ultimate objective is to identify molecules that produce 1,4-benzenoid diradicals, which are known to induce DNA cleavage in the natural products. Toward this goal, several aromatic azoesters have been synthesized, and EPR reveals the presence of radical intermediates in their methanolysis. A 1,4-bisazoester has also been synthesized, and its methanolysis products have been studied by reversed-phase HPLC. The formation of 1,2-dicyanobenzene from the 1,4-bisazoester is consistent with the existence of a 1,4-diradical intermediate. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
package com.yarolegovich.mp.io;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentActivity;
import com.kunzisoft.androidclearchroma.ChromaDialog;
import com.kunzisoft.androidclearchroma.IndicatorMode;
import com.kunzisoft.androidclearchroma.colormode.ColorMode;
import com.kunzisoft.androidclearchroma.listener.OnColorSelectedListener;
import com.yarolegovich.mp.R;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* Created by yarolegovich on 06.05.2016.
*/
public class StandardUserInputModule implements UserInputModule {
protected Context context;
public StandardUserInputModule(Context context) {
this.context = context;
}
@Override
public void showEditTextInput(
String key,
CharSequence title,
CharSequence defaultValue,
final Listener<String> listener) {
final View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.dialog_edittext, null);
final EditText inputField = (EditText) view.findViewById(R.id.mp_text_input);
if (defaultValue != null) {
inputField.setText(defaultValue);
inputField.setSelection(defaultValue.length());
}
final Dialog dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
.setTitle(title)
.setView(view)
.show();
view.findViewById(R.id.mp_btn_confirm).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
listener.onInput(inputField.getText().toString());
dialog.dismiss();
}
});
}
@Override
public void showSingleChoiceInput(
String key,
CharSequence title,
CharSequence[] displayItems,
final CharSequence[] values,
int selected,
final Listener<String> listener) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
.setTitle(title)
.setSingleChoiceItems(displayItems, selected, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
String selected = values[which].toString();
listener.onInput(selected);
dialog.dismiss();
}
})
/*.setItems(displayItems, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
String selected = values[which].toString();
listener.onInput(selected);
}
})*/
.show();
}
@Override
public void showMultiChoiceInput(
String key,
CharSequence title,
CharSequence[] displayItems,
final CharSequence[] values,
final boolean[] itemStates,
final Listener<Set<String>> listener) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
.setTitle(title)
.setMultiChoiceItems(displayItems, itemStates, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {
itemStates[which] = isChecked;
}
})
.setOnDismissListener(new DialogInterface.OnDismissListener() {
@Override
public void onDismiss(DialogInterface dialog) {
Set<String> result = new HashSet<>();
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
if (itemStates[i]) {
result.add(values[i].toString());
}
}
listener.onInput(result);
}
})
.show();
}
@Override
public void showColorSelectionInput(
String key,
CharSequence title,
int defaultColor,
final Listener<Integer> colorListener) {
FragmentActivity activity;
try {
activity = (FragmentActivity) context;
} catch (ClassCastException exc) {
throw new AssertionError(context.getString(R.string.exc_not_frag_activity_subclass));
}
final String tag = colorListener.getClass().getSimpleName();
ChromaDialog dialog = new ChromaDialog.Builder()
.initialColor(defaultColor)
.colorMode(ColorMode.ARGB)
.indicatorMode(IndicatorMode.HEX)
.create();
dialog.setOnColorSelectedListener(new OnColorSelectedListener() {
@Override
public void onPositiveButtonClick(int color) {
colorListener.onInput(color);
}
@Override
public void onNegativeButtonClick(int color) {
}
});
dialog.show(activity.getSupportFragmentManager(), tag);
}
}
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
A.I + Blockchain = Aiotics
Aiotics is an Intelligent Analytics Platform which is powered by A.I Technology, and designed to deliver advanced analytics for all use cases. Aiotics transforms and predicts automatically for a variety of uses.
Product Features
Aiotics has the ability to:
Analyze and transform
Aggregate and Build
Implement and Communicate
Predict and Optimize
Improve Performance
Reduce Downtime
Results in Real-time
Why Aiotics?
Aiotics is geared toward delivering complicated insights in the simplest format possible. Aiotics is powered by A.I and our proprietary AiBlocks ™ models which is an cutting edge method for integrating AI and blockchain into our platform.
How it Works?
Data can be complex, but the experience shouldn’t be, Aiotics provides an intuitive and simple interface so that anyone can just drag and drop data sources to see fully pre-designed "canned" analytics in action with only a few clicks. You don’t have to be a data scientist to gain sophisticated insights.
Limitless Integrations
Aiotics provides Integration with many software products and platforms, and is simple and easy to integrate.
Faster Implementation
Aiotics believes in providing faster implementation improving time to deliver from months to a few days.
Fully-Customizable Analytics
Aiotics has designed and developed the platform to be fully-customizable and flexible to allow you to meet any analytics requirement.
Affordable Price
We believe that pricing should be affordable, because we want to show our customers that insights and advanced analytics don't require a gigantic price tag.
$99.99user / month
Who is Aiotics?
Aiotics is a full spectrum analytics product, powered by AI and your data. An enterprise-ready Intelligent Analytics platform which can connect to any client-side storage technology. Once business is up and running on our centralized platform; our deep machine learning tools get to work; collecting, cleaning, processing and visualizing information from thousands of disparate data sources stored on your devices and networks. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Q:
how to change id of form elements before form gets submitted?
I have a table with many rows and each row has select lists. Something like this:
| USER | MANAGER | DEPARTMENT |
| Rob | [John Smith |V] | [Sales |V] |
| Sue | [Bob Jones |V] | [Support |V] |
The user is free to add new rows, there are many rows and the contents of the lists are complex.
I simplified things considerably by giving every manager selector id 'manager', and every department selector id 'department'.
When the form is submitted, I wrote some javascript to cycle through each row, locate each row, and change the ids 'manager_[rownumber]' and 'department_[rownumber]'.
And then I submit the form. My javascript code is below.
Based on debugging with alert popups, the ids are getting changed the way I want, but the servlet only ever receives one 'manager' parameter and one 'department' row number.
Why aren't all the inputs ('manager_1', 'manager_2', and so on) getting submitted? Is there something I have to do after changing the ids to make sure the changes take effect before the submit of the form?
Thanks!
Rob
Here's my code:
function submitForm() {
correctInputIDs();
document.myform.submit();
}
function correctInputIDs() {
var rows = document.getElementsByTagName("tr");
for (var i=0; i<rows.length; i++) {
var row = rows[i];
selectElements = rows.getElementsByTagName("select");
for (var j=0; j<selectElements.length; j++) {
var selectElement = selectElements[j];
if (selectElement.id == "manager") {
selectElement.id = "manager_"+i;
}
if (selectedElement.id == "department") {
selectElement.id = "department_"+i;
}
}
}
}
A:
Because IDs don't matter with form submission, names do.
Happy Reading
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
SEPTA names new assistant general manager of EM&C Division
With this appointment, which is effective immediately, Lund is responsible for all engineering and maintenance related to the authority's stations, buildings, bridges, track, communications and signal and power systems. He also oversees the capital construction of both transit and railroad facilities and right-of-way elements. He will report directly to Jeff Knueppel, deputy general manager.
Lund, an 11-year employee, began his career as a structural engineer with Stone and Webster Engineering Corporation in Cherry Hill, N.J. He worked 19 years for the New York Power Authority in various design and management positions associated with transmission, power generation and infrastructure projects. He joined SEPTA in 2001 as the manager of structural engineering. In 2007, he became the deputy director for the Market Street Elevated Reconstruction Project and was involved with all aspects of the $740-million rebuilding. In 2009, he was named senior director of capital construction and also served as SEPTA's program manager for stimulus (ARRA) projects.
"One of his foremost accomplishments was spearheading the $191-million ARRA program," said General Manager Joseph Casey. "Bob successfully fast tracked 32 projects, awarding 54 individual contracts within one year of the signing of the ARRA bill. We wish him continued success in his new role." | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Abstract
Absolute G values for chemical change when various aqueous solutions are irradiated with $\alpha$-particles from an external polonium source have been determined for different fractions (x) of the $\alpha$-particle track spent within the solution. G(Fe$^{3+}$) for an aerated solution containing 1 mM ferrous ions and 0$\cdot$1 N sulphuric acid decreases from 5$\cdot$0 at x = 0$\cdot$02 through a minimum value 3$\cdot$65 at x = 0$\cdot$11 x 0$\cdot$01 and then increases to 5$\cdot$94 at x = 0$\cdot$525. The local value G(Fe$^{3+}$), defined as G(Fe$^{3+}$) for an element of track length a distance xR from the end of the track, where R is the range of the whole track in water, shows a similar but more pronounced dependence on x which is strongly reminiscent of the inverted Bragg curve for l.e.t. plotted against x in this medium, having a minimum of 3$\cdot$2$_5 \pm$ 0$\cdot$1$_5$ at x = 0$\cdot$08$_5\pm$ 0$\cdot$01$_5$. As x is increased G(Ce$^{3+}$) for an aerated 200 $\mu$M solution of ceric sulphate in 0.1 N sulphuric acid shows no minimum but increases from 1$\cdot$0 at x = 0$\cdot$04 to 3$\cdot$0 at x = 0$\cdot$25 and 4$\cdot$05 at x = 0$\cdot$525. Thallous ions have no effect on G(Ce$^{3+}$) for x $\leqslant$ 0$\cdot$45. G(H$_2$O$_2$) for aerated water was found to be 1$\cdot 22 \pm 0 \cdot$06. It is concluded that very few hydroxyl radicals are available and that the intra-track reactions between H$_2$O$_2$ and H as well as OH are very important and vary in extent as x is varied. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Predictive factors of outcome in patients transplanted for hepatitis B.
This study aimed to (1) identify the variables that affect graft and patient survival in recipients transplanted for hepatitis B virus (HBV) disease; and (2) assess factors associated with an increased risk of graft cirrhosis at 5 years after liver transplantation (LT). A total of 104 chronically infected HBV patients were considered for this study and all received tacrolimus- or cyclosporine A (CSA)-based immunosuppressive regimens. The overall 5-year patient and graft survival rates were 80% and 73%, respectively. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that older recipient age and higher body mass index (BMI) at LT, LT more than or equal to 1998, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and CSA-based immunosuppression correlated with decreased patient survival. In the multivariate model, advanced recipient age, higher BMI, CSA-based immunosuppressive therapy, and increasing cold ischemia time were associated with worse patient survival. Recipient age and BMI at time of LT and posttransplant hypertriglyceridemia also affected graft survival. Log-rank analysis showed that a viral load of more than 10 copies/mL and antiviral therapy at LT, post-LT biliary complications, HBV recurrence, nucleos(t)ide analogue monoprophylaxis (without hepatitis B immunoglobulin), and short-term (< or = 1 year) mycophenolate mofetil therapy were significant risk factors for graft cirrhosis within 5 years of LT. Various recipient factors at the time of LT and post-LT virological status, antiviral prophylaxis, cholestasis, cardiovascular risk profile, and immunosuppressive regimen affect the outcome of HBV patients after LT. Prospective studies are warranted to define optimal immunosuppression for recipients transplanted for hepatitis B. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
When the wanderlust starts to get unbearable, the heavy breathing that comes with the anticipation and you start feeling your feet to itch you know you have to do just one thing to do: get a backpack ready: prepare and select your meals for the first days -and remember to bring snacks and water. You are all set to conquer the unknown road. Check out the 10 world’s most Beautiful Subway Stations!
See also: CREATIVE TYPOGRAPHY BY JACOB EISINGER
Whether you are coming or leaving, this are the most important places in the city. They usually breath life and don’t really ever stop. Here you have a list of the 10 of the world’s most beautiful subway stations:
1. Champ-de-Mars Station in Montreal, Canada
Champ-de-Mars Station opened in October 14th, 1966, as part of the initial subway network of Montreal. Situated in Old Montreal in the Ville-Marie borough, the station is now on the Orange Line of the Montreal Metro rapid transit system.
The station is particularly spectacular on a sunny day, when the light enters the stained glass windows by Automatiste painter Marcelle Ferron. The windows comprise the artist’s masterpieces and, according to some, it’s her most famous work. Back in 1968, they were given by the Government of Quebec as the first work of non-figurative art commissioned for the metro.
2. Formosa Boulevard Station – Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Formosa Boulevard is a transfer station between the Red and Orange Line in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. The station is famous for the “Dome of Light,” the world’s largest public art installation that comprises individual pieces of colored glass. Created by artist Narcissus Quagliata, the “Dome of Light” was completed just under four years and it was overseen by Quagliata himself, who had the pieces shipped from Germany for installation. This ceiling gives a really unique lighting to the building.
With a 30-meter diameter and a total area of 660 square meters, the dome tells the story of human life in four chronologically arranged themes: Water: The Womb of Life; Earth: Prosperity and Growth; Light: The Creative Spirit; and Fire: Destruction and Rebirth, with an overall message of love and tolerance.
3. T-Centralen Station – Stockholm, Sweden
In “T-Centralen,” “T” is an abbreviation for “tunnelbana,” which in Swedish means “underground” or “subway.” The T-Centralen station is the core of the Stockholm Metro; that means it’s the only station in which all of the three lines (Tub1, Tub2, and Tub3) meet. As such, this subway station it’s the one with the highest traffic in Stockholm.
4. Westfriedhof station light installation by Ingo Maurer – Munich Deutschland
Munich’s u-bahn subway system only began in 1972, but it has quickly grown into a 98 station system spread across the entire city. Due to its young age, Munich had the advantage of learning from the mistakes of other systems creating spacious and efficient stations. While the first stations were quite plain, the architecture of its new stations is often quite daring. Some stations that stand out include the colorful Dulferstrasse Station designed by Peter Lanz and Jurgen Rauch and Westfriedhof, which features lighting installations by Ingo Mauer.
5. Komsomolskaya Station – Russia
Located at the intersection of three major rail hubs, this cathedral of trains is the gateway to Russia. If the vast dome, portico, Corinthian columns, Baroque details, and chandeliers don’t impress you, then the mosaics surely will. The eight ceiling mosaics, designed by the legendary artist Pavel Korin, depict Russia’s heroes and finest victories. A unique and classic design that one could expect to see only in a king’s palace.
6. Kirovsky Zavod Station – St. Petersburg, Russia
The St. Petersburg subway might not be as majestic as its Moscow counterpart, but it is still impressive. In fact, it deserves a mention simply because it is the deepest subway station in the world by the average depth of all the stations.
The Kirovsky Zavod station opened on November 15th, 1955. Its name comes from the Kirov factory, which is nearby. In addition to grand halls and checkered floors, you can see a statue of Lenin here.
7. Zoloti Vorota Station – Kiev, Ukraine
Zoloti Vorota station is one of Kiev’s most well-known subway stops. It is named after the Golden Gates historical structure, and opened as part of the first stage of the Syretsko-Pecherska Line on December 30, 1989. A series of architects contributed to the design, yet the station itself was constructed thanks to Boris and his son Vadim Zhezherin, as well as the artistic architects S.Adamenko and M.Ralko.
See also: The 15 Most Beautiful Subway Stops in the World
It contains a column trivault with the theme of the Architecture of Kievan Rus. To be seen are large chandeliers with light bulbs in the shape of candles. Mosaics by artists G. Koren and V. Fedko can be found on the vault and columns, which are made of white marble with a matte polish, while the floor is made of granite.
8. Bund Sightseeing Tunnel – Shanghai, China
The Bund Sightseeing Tunnel may not officially be a subway station. However, it is a train trip well worth taking. To be exact, the Bund is a tunnel that runs underneath the Pu river. It has a weird lighting that gives that wonderland look.
Tourists can enter a small cable car, which takes them through the tunnel of colorful light beams, waving puppets and suddenly disappearing movie screens. During the journey, house music is played.
9. Central Park Station – Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Named after the nearby Central Park, this station lies on the Red Line of the Kaohsiung subway. A two-level underground station, the Central Park stop was designed by British architect Richard Rogers. Design-wise, purple is the prevailing colour throughout the station. The courtyard grass areas, in turn, are covered in a slope of yellow windmills shaped liked sunflowers. The lighting here is all natural and the nature part is really important and the plastic flowers really light up the ambiance.
10. Bockenheimer Warte Station – Frankfurt, Germany
The Bockenheimer Warte Station is one of the most important transfer stations of the Frankfurt subway system. Here the C-line crosses with the U6 and U7, as well as the U4 which runs in the D-tunnel. You can also transfer to various bus lines and trams here.
The construction of this station first begun in 1986 and expanded in 2001. The station is worth viewing not only for its underground architecture, but also for one of its subway entrances. Click here to see the unique entrance, which looks like a train bursting through the sidewalk from below. Architect Zbiginiew Peter Pininski said he felt inspired by surrealist artist René Magritte when creating it.
*sighing*
What do you think of these beautiful subway stations? Writing about subway stations make me anxious like something it’s telling me to move, move, move… Okay, I’m just going to put on my shoes there and head anywhere. Will you join me?
See also: CREATIVE TYPOGRAPHY BY JACOB EISINGER | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Q:
Shiro creates a new session for every getSession()
I'm using shiro (1.2.0) in a tapestry app. Right now I only want to use it for session management. While default session management (using ServletContainerSessionManager) works, when I try to switch to native sessions shiro stops keeping track of them:
public static WebSecurityManager decorateWebSecurityManager(WebSecurityManager manager) {
if(manager instanceof TapestryRealmSecurityManager) {
DefaultWebSessionManager sessionManager = new DefaultWebSessionManager();
MemorySessionDAO sessionDAO = new MemorySessionDAO();
sessionManager.setSessionDAO(sessionDAO);
((TapestryRealmSecurityManager) manager).setSessionManager(sessionManager);
}
return null;
}
Debug output:
07-08-12 17:47:57:339 - {TRACE} util.ThreadContext Thread [1072280360@qtp-1531443370-6]; Bound value of type [$WebSecurityManager_19518d48138a] for key [org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext_SECURITY_MANAGER_KEY] to thread [1072280360@qtp-1531443370-6]
07-08-12 17:47:57:339 - {TRACE} mgt.DefaultSecurityManager Thread [1072280360@qtp-1531443370-6]; Context already contains a SecurityManager instance. Returning.
07-08-12 17:47:57:339 - {TRACE} mgt.AbstractValidatingSessionManager Thread [1072280360@qtp-1531443370-6]; Attempting to retrieve session with key org.apache.shiro.web.session.mgt.WebSessionKey@1dc49089
07-08-12 17:47:57:339 - {DEBUG} servlet.SimpleCookie Thread [1072280360@qtp-1531443370-6]; Found 'JSESSIONID' cookie value [sbrxl74ij1v8]
07-08-12 17:47:57:339 - {DEBUG} mgt.DefaultSecurityManager Thread [1072280360@qtp-1531443370-6]; Resolved SubjectContext context session is invalid. Ignoring and creating an anonymous (session-less) Subject instance.
org.apache.shiro.session.UnknownSessionException: There is no session with id [sbrxl74ij1v8]
at org.apache.shiro.session.mgt.eis.AbstractSessionDAO.readSession(AbstractSessionDAO.java:170)
A:
The problem was that i forgot to remove the @Persist annotations, which by default use sessions to store data. This caused tapestry to overwrite shiro's JSESSIONID cookie with it's own value.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
422 F.Supp.2d 549 (2006)
Jennifer ALBERO Plaintiff,
v.
CITY OF SALISBURY, et al., Defendants.
No. CIV. L-03-2425.
United States District Court, D. Maryland.
March 27, 2006.
*550 *551 *552 Kevin M. Tracy, Thomas Edwin Walker, McNamee Hosea Jernigan Kim Greenan and Walker PA, Greenbelt, MD, for Plaintiff.
Daniel Karp, Bryant Karpinski Colaresi and Karp PA, Baltimore, MD, for Defendants.
MEMORANDUM
LEGG, Chief Judge.
Plaintiff, Jennifer Albero ("Albero"), a past employee of the Salisbury Zoo ("Zoo"), brought this Title VII employment discrimination suit against the City of Salisbury and James Rapp ("Rapp"), the Zoo's Director. Following discovery, defendants moved for summary judgment on the two remaining counts of the Complaint, which allege sexual harassment/hostile work environment (Count I), and retaliation (Count III).
Because the papers adequately address the issues, the Court will dispense with a hearing. As is more fully stated below, Albero's proof is legally insufficient to support her claims. With respect to Count I, Albero cannot establish that she was harassed "because of" her sex. Moreover, the Zoo's work environment, while crude, was not severe enough to be considered "hostile." With respect to Count III, Albero did engage in protected activity: filing a complaint of discrimination. The Zoo, however, took no adverse employment action against her in retaliation. Simply put, no fair-minded jury could find in her favor on any of her claims. In a separate Order, therefore, the Court will GRANT the defendants' motion for summary judgment and DIRECT the Clerk to CLOSE the case.
I. BACKGROUND
Albero began working at the Zoo in 1986, when she was hired as a zookeeper. Climbing the ranks, she had been promoted to the position of Zookeeper III, or Senior Zookeeper, at the time she was *553 terminated. In December 2003, Albero took indefinite sick leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act due to a back injury she had sustained in March of that year. The Zoo terminated Albero in June 2004 after she informed the City, through her counsel, that she would seek disability retirement.[1]
Rapp became Zoo director in 1994. Albero appears to have gotten along well with her fellow employees and supervisors until 2001. As will be discussed, Albero and her co-workers socialized both on and off the job. Her employment grievances began in the fall of that year, when Carrie Samis ("Samis"), the Zoo's Education Curator, secured a job reclassification that carried a raise. Samis' raise upset Albero, who believed that Samis did not deserve one, and because no one else at the Zoo received a raise at that time. Albero alleges that Rapp singled out Samis for favoritism because he was involved in a sexual relationship with her. Albero contends that this relationship created a sexually hostile work environment.
In April 2003, Albero filed a grievance with the City complaining that her work environment at the Zoo was hostile. The City promptly assembled an investigative team, which interviewed six current and one former Zoo employee, including Albero, Rapp, and Samis.[2] The investigators compiled a five-page report wherein they made detailed findings as to each of Albero's claims.[3] They found no evidence either that Rapp and Samis were having an affair or that Albero had suffered harassment. The investigators did, however, conclude that the work environment at the Zoo was crude and unprofessional. The Investigation Report states:
"An environment at the Zoo developed over the years that made acceptable discussions and jokes of a sexual nature . . . Sexually explicit language and pictures are not appropriate in the workplace . . . The investigators recommend that remediation occur to change the environment at the Zoo . . . "[4]
The investigators recommended disciplinary action against Rapp for condoning a "sexually explicit" environment.[5] In July 2003, The City issued Rapp a letter of reprimand and instructed him to develop a remediation plan.[6] By all accounts, Rapp took the reprimand to heart. He arranged for all Zoo employees, including himself, to *554 attend a diversity training program. Albero does not allege that the "locker room" atmosphere persisted after the reprimand and the program.
Because the unprofessional atmosphere at the Zoo is at the heart of Albero's hostile work environment claim, it merits a detailed discussion. Albero contends that during working hours, employees frequently told "dirty" jokes. Other employees, including Samis, freely discussed their sex lives.[7] While on vacation, Samis sent a postcard that displayed nude buttocks to the Zoo, and another employee posted the card in the office.[8] During breaks Zoo employees sometimes watched South Park, a satirical, frequently off-color cartoon. Albero contends that one time, she viewed the internet history on a commonuse computer and it contained the address of a pornographic website.[9] The name of the website was vulgar, but no pictures were displayed on the screen.
By her own admission, Albero was a willing participant in the workplace giveand-take.[10] She brought a pornographic video to work, which she showed for a few minutes.[11] She commented to fellow employees, at work, that her showerhead "satisfied" her better than her ex-husband.[12] She told sexual jokes, bragged of a boyfriend's physical "endowments," and participated in purchasing sexual "gag" gifts for colleagues, including edible underwear and an inflatable sheep.[13] On two occasions, she attended strip clubs with other employees after working hours.[14]
In support of her hostile work environment claim, Albero cites to a number of incidents that involved co-workers socializing after-hours and away from the Zoo. Albero states that she witnessed two of these incidents: Rapp once "mooned" fellow employees at a party;[15] another time, at a bar, he kissed the exposed nipple of a man.[16] Albero also cites incidents that she *555 heard about, but did not witness. She heard that Rapp urinated on a car windshield outside a bar,[17] that Samis allegedly played spin-the-bottle with Zoo interns,[18] and that on a business trip Samis's boyfriend spent the night in a hotel room with her and another employee.[19]
The facts underlying Albero's retaliation claim are as follows. Soon after Samis's position was reclassified with a higher pay scale, Albero's relationships with Samis and Rapp became strained. In May 2002, Albero wrote a self-review that was part of her yearly evaluation: "My lack of enthusiasm due to selective, unwarranted raises to certain zoo employees. That creates loads of negativity in the workplace!"[20]
Gary Muir, Albero's direct supervisor, noticed her deteriorating attitude. When grading Albero during her May 2002 evaluation, he gave her a mixed review. Albero received good grades for her work with the animals. Nevertheless, she received low marks for "interpersonal skills"[21] and "professionalism."[22] A couple of days later, Albero met with Rapp about the evaluation, which she perceived as negative.[23]
Eight months later, in January 2003, Albero attended a "Counseling Session" with Rapp and Muir, at which she was counseled on her "antagonistic," "negative," and "hostile" behavior.[24] The "record of counseling" stated that she must "stop making disparaging and hurtful remarks about [her] co-workers and [her] Supervisors," and warned of disciplinary measures if she failed to comply.[25] She refused to sign the record of counseling.[26] Albero contends that no other employee had ever been given such a "mid-year evaluation," and that its purpose was to intimidate her.[27]
Two days later, Rapp issued a memo to all Zoo staff on "Workplace Standards" with rules ranging from the appropriate way to log telephone calls to wearing appropriate safety shoes.[28] In the fall of 2003, he told Albero she could not come in *556 early without her supervisor's permission.[29]
On March 10, 2003, Albero filed a Charge Statement with the EEOC alleging sexual harassment and a hostile work environment.[30] She filed a grievance making similar allegations with the City a month later on April 15, 2003.[31]
On August 20, 2003, Albero filed the instant suit alleging, inter alia, sexual harassment/hostile work environment (Count I) and retaliation (Count III).[32] During this month, she applied and interviewed for an. Education Technician position, which would have placed her under Samis's direct supervision. The hiring committee consisted of Rapp, Samis, and a non-Zoo City employee, Alan Porianda. All three interviewed her. On September 15, 2003, Samis advised Albero by letter that she had not been selected.[33]
Starting in December 2003, Albero took sick leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), because of a back injury she had sustained in March 2003. At that time, Albero filed a second EEOC charge alleging violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and retaliation.[34] Albero then moved to amend her complaint in the instant suit to add a cause of action pursuant to the ADA. She withdrew it soon thereafter, however, and it is not an issue in this suit.
II. STANDARD
The Court may grant summary judgment when "the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986); see also Felty v. Graves-Humphreys Co., 818 F.2d 1126, 1128 (4th Cir.1987) (recognizing that trial judges have "an affirmative obligation" to prevent factually unsupported claims and defenses from proceeding to trial). Nevertheless, in determining whether there is a genuine issue of material fact, the Court views the facts, and all reasonable inferences to be drawn from them, in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. Pulliam Inv. Co. v. Cameo Properties, 810 F.2d 1282, 1286 (4th Cir.1987).
III. ANALYSIS
With the factual background in mind, the Court now turns its attention to analyzing Albero's claims against the City of Salisbury.[35]
A. Count ISexual Harassment[36]
*557 To succeed on a claim alleging a hostile work environment, Albero must show that: 1) she was harassed because of her sex; 2) the harassment was unwelcome; 3) the harassment was sufficiently severe or pervasive to create an abusive working environment, and 4) some basis exists to impute liability to the employer. See Smith v. First Union Nat'l Bank, 202 F.3d 234 (4th Cir.2000). Even viewing the facts in the light most favorable to Albero, she does not provide evidence sufficient to meet any element of this test.
1. "Because of Albero's sex
Albero alleges facts that paint a picture of a sexually inappropriate work environment. This, without more, does not rise to the level of a Title VII violation, however. Only harassment that occurs because of the victim's sex is actionable. Hartsell v. Duplex Prod., Inc., 123 F.3d 766, 772 (4th Cir.1997). Title VII does not attempt to "purge the workplace of vulgarity." Hopkins v. Baltimore Gas & Elec., 77 F.3d 745, 753 (4th Cir.1996) (citing Baskerville v. Culligan Int'l Co., 50 F.3d 428, 430 (7th Cir.1995)). Albero has offered no proof that any of the behavior was directed towards her in specific, or intended to humiliate her, or was pointed at her because of her sex. Many incidents that she points to in her pleadings occurred out of her presence. Albero also alleges that the "special" relationship between Samis and Rapp supports her claim for a hostile work environment. She provides no facts to support the assertion that Samis and Rapp had a sexual relationship, however. Samis and Rapp both deny ever having an intimate relationship.[37] No employee ever saw Rapp or Samis engaged in sexual or intimate behavior with each other. There is neither real nor circumstantial evidence to support Albero's allegation. Even viewing the facts in the light most favorable to Albero, she cannot rely on unsupported conjecture to defeat summary judgment.
Albero, therefore, has failed to allege facts sufficient to meet this prong of her prima facie case. That alone is enough to defeat her claim. Nevertheless, in viewing Albero's evidence, the Court finds that she is also unable to establish the other prongs of the Smith test.
2. "Unwelcome"
Conduct is "unwelcome" when it continues after the employee sufficiently communicates that it is unwelcome. See Scott v. Ameritex Yarn, 72 F.Supp.2d 587, 591 (D.S.C.1999) (citing Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, 477 U.S. 57, 68-69, 106 *558 S.Ct. 2399, 91 L.Ed.2d 49 (1986)). The Court must inquire "whether respondent by her conduct indicated that the alleged [sexual harassment was] unwelcome . . ." Meritor, 477 U.S. at 68, 106 S.Ct. 2399.
Albero's own behavior is relevant in deciding "unwelcomeness." See id. at 69, 106 S.Ct. 2399. The record shows that Albero was a willing participant in many of the episodes, e.g. discussing her own sex life, supplying a pornographic video, and giving sexually-oriented gag-gifts, that she contends were harassing.
Furthermore, there is no evidence that Albero complained about any of the alleged incidents until she filed her first EEOC charge in March 2003. The Zoo did not receive notice of the charge until June 2003.[38] In April 2003, she filed a grievance with the City. The City immediately launched an investigation at the Zoo with a team that included two outside investigators.[39]
Looking at the totality of the circumstances, Albero has failed to present evidence from which a reasonable jury could find that the allegedly harassing behavior was "unwelcome."
3. "Severe and Pervasive"
"To be actionable, sexual harassment must be sufficiently `severe and pervasive' to alter the conditions of employment and create an abusive working environment." Raley v. Bd. of St. Mary's Cty. Comm'rs, 752 F.Supp. 1272, 1281 (D.Md.1990). The standard is both objective and subjective: a reasonable person would find the environment hostile and abusive, and the plaintiff "in fact perceived it to be so." Faragher v. City of Boca Raton, 524 U.S. 775 at 787, 118 S.Ct. 2275, 141 L.Ed.2d 662 (citing Harris v. Forklift Sys., Inc., 510 U.S. 17, 21-22, 114 S.Ct. 367, 126 L.Ed.2d 295 (1993).) To make this determination, the Court must examine: (i) the frequency of the discriminatory conduct; (ii) the severity of the conduct; (iii) whether the conduct is physically threatening or humiliating, and (iv) whether the conduct unreasonably interferes with the employee's work performance. Id. at 787-88, 118 S.Ct. 2275.
Albero does not allege that Rapp or anyone else at work propositioned her, touched her inappropriately, or made sexual comments in an effort to humiliate her because they knew she would be offended. Nor does she allege that her female colleagues were subjected to such direct misconduct.
Offensive touching or propositioning is not required, however, for a hostile work environment. A worker cannot be forced to endure an atmosphere freighted with sexual references and inappropriate sexual content. See e.g. Meritor, 477 U.S. at 73, 106 S.Ct. 2399 (finding a cause of action for hostile work environment claims when there had been no tangible employment action). If that is the complaint, however, then the sexual overlay must be pervasive and severe. Isolated incidents are not enough. Here, Albero does not say how frequently the objectionable conduct occurred. In other words, she does not attempt to meet the pervasiveness requirement. Her examples come from the 18 years during which she worked at the Zoo. She is vague about dates, and it is unclear whether these incidents were an everyday occurrence or relatively rare. Nor has she shown that the conduct was *559 particularly severe. Moreover, Albero not attempted to show that any of this activity was threatening or humiliating, or that it interfered with her work performance at all.
By requiring that the misconduct must be "severe and pervasive," the Supreme Court sought to prevent Title VII from becoming a "general civility code." Faragher, 524 U.S. at 788, 118 S.Ct. 2275. This prong of the test is meant to "filter out . . . the ordinary tribulations of the workplace, such as the sporadic use of abusive language, gender-related jokes, and occasional teasing." Id. (internal citations omitted). Again, Albero is unable to produce evidence sufficient to meet this part of her prima facie case.
4. Liability imputed to employer
In a hostile work environment claim, liability is generally imputed to the employer. Faragher 524 U.S. at 807, 118 S.Ct. 2275. The employer may, nevertheless, show as an affirmative defense that it "exercised reasonable care to avoid harassment and to eliminate it when it might occur," and that the employee failed to act with "reasonable care to take advantage of the employer's safeguards and otherwise to prevent harm that could have been avoided." Id. at 805, 118 S.Ct. 2275.
While not dispositive, an employer's adoption of an anti-harassment policy is important proof that the employer did exercise reasonable care. Smith, 202 F.3d at 244. The City of Salisbury had in place both a sexual harassment policy and a grievance procedure.[40] Albero has not provided any evidence that the City adopted that policy "in bad faith," or that the policy was "otherwise defective or dysfunctional.", See id. at 245 (citing Brown v. Perry, 184 F.3d 388, 396 (4th Cir.1999)).
Albero did not take advantage of the City's grievance procedures until April 2003, many months, even years, after the instances of "harassment" of which she complains. She did not, the Court notes, file a grievance until after she had already filed an EEOC charge which contained the same allegations. Until that point, she failed to take advantage of the corrective opportunities the City provided. Her actions do not show "reasonable care to take advantage of the employer's safeguards."
Promptly upon the receipt of Albero's grievance letter, the City took steps to investigate her allegations. Although the investigation did not substantiate any of Albero's claims, Rapp was reprimanded for allowing an inappropriate work environment. In addition, the Zoo made sure its employees all had copies of the antiharassment policy.
Albero has not produced any evidence from which a reasonable jury could find that Rapp sexually harassed her, or condoned sexually harassing behavior directed at Albero by her coworkers. She also cannot overcome the City's affirmative defense to liability. Accordingly, summary judgment will be granted as to Count I.
B. Count III Retaliation
To make a prima facie case for retaliation, Albero must produce evidence from which a reasonable jury could find that (1) she engaged in a protected activity; (2) her employer took an adverse employment action against her; and (3) that a causal connection existed between the protected activity and the asserted adverse action. Honor v. Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Inc., 383 F.3d 180, 188 (4th Cir.2004).
Albero makes two different retaliation claims.[41] The first is that she was subject to retaliatory harassment after she *560 filed her first EEOC charge.[42] The second is that she was denied the education technician position in retaliation for filing the EEOC charge. Filing the EEOC charge unequivocally meets the first prong of the prima facie case. The Court will analyze the remainder of the test with respect to both allegations.
1. Harassment
A claim of retaliatory harassment requires a plaintiff to show "evidence of conduct `severe or pervasive enough' to create `an environment that a reasonable person would find hostile or abusive.'" Von Gunten v. Maryland, 243 F.3d 858, 869-70 (4th Cir.2001) (quoting Harris, 510 U.S. at 21, 114 S.Ct. 367).
As with her hostile work environment/sexual harassment claim, Albero is unable to show that any allegedly retaliatory harassment was "severe and pervasive." She had a mediocre employment evaluation and a counseling session to address her negative attitude. Rapp also promulgated new rules with which all employees had to comply. She was reprimanded once for not speaking to her fellow employees. Even taken together, these incidents do not meet the requirement that the retaliatory behavior be "severe and pervasive."[43]
Essentially, Albero is asking the Court to step in to second-guess managerial decisions, which the Court cannot do. Many of Albero's allegations "can be attributed to an increase of predictable tension in an office after a discrimination charge is filed. This is not an adverse employment action." Raley, 752 F.Supp. at 1281.
2. The Education Technician position
An adverse employment action includes any retaliatory act, but only if that act results in an adverse effect on the "terms, conditions, or benefits" of employment. Von Gunten, 243 F.3d at 865.
Albero fails to make showing. She wished to make the lateral transfer to the Education Technician position.[44] Not *561 being chosen for the position, however, had no effect on the terms, conditions, or benefits of her job as a Zookeeper. She continued to be a Senior Zookeeper, under the same terms, conditions, and benefits she had previously enjoyed.[45] Count III, therefore, cannot survive summary judgment and will be dismissed.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Court will, by separate Order, GRANT Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment and DIRECT the Clerk to CLOSE the case.
NOTES
[1] Letter from Paul Wilber to Kevin Tracy, Def. Ex. 61. (The correspondence is with Albero's attorney, because at this point, she had retained counsel). Albero went on paid FMLA leave in December 2003. Pursuant to City policy, she had to complete a functional capacity evaluation before returning to work. Even after the twelve-week paid leave had expired in April 2004, the City extended her leave status until she could complete the evaluation, in June 2004. Letter from Wilber to Tracy, Def. Ex. 56. The City was willing to accommodate Albero's schedule and choice of doctors, but required the evaluation to assess her ability to return to work. Id. In late April, Albero's counsel advised the City's counsel that Albero would not submit to the functional capacity evaluation in June. Letter from Tracy to Wilber, Def. Ex. 57. The City's attorney wrote back that the City would pay for the evaluation. Letter from Wilber to Tracy, Def. Ex. 58. In late May, Albero's counsel advised the City's counsel that Albero would seek disability retirement, and would drop her ADA claim. Letter from Tracy to Wilber, Def. Ex. 60.
[2] Edward Cox, the City's Human Resources Director, and Bonita Fassett, a Pretrial Investigator for the Department of Corrections, were the grievance investigators. Deposition of Edward Cox, Def. Ex. 6, at 73-74. See also Investigation Report, Def. Ex. 18.
[3] Investigation Report, Def. Ex. 18.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.
[6] Letter of Reprimand, Def. Ex. 27.
[7] Albero's answers to Rapp's Interrogatories, Def. Ex. 23.
[8] Photocopy of postcard, Def. Ex. 6.5. The postcard was addressed to "Salisbury Zoological Park."
[9] The defendants do not argue a failure to exhaust. Albero's allegations about co-workers, however, may be barred from consideration in this case. An employee cannot file a Title VII case until she has filed an EEOC charge, and the charge frames the scope of future litigation. In Chacko v. Patuxent Institution, the Fourth Circuit held that a plaintiff had failed to exhaust his administrative remedies when the charge referenced different time frames, actors, and discriminatory conduct than the "central factual allegations" in the suit. 429 F.2d 505, 506 (4th Cir.2005). Chacko's EEOC charge complained of specific instances of "hostile treatment" from a supervisor, but at trial he presented evidence that his coworkers constantly subjected him to national origin epithets. Id. at 507-08. The Fourth Circuit reversed a jury verdict in favor of Chacko. In her EEOC charge, Albero contended only that she had been harassed by Rapp and Samis, and that she found their alleged sexual relationship offensive. She did not claim that any other employees harassed her. In this suit, the Court could consider Albero's claims if "a reasonable investigation of the administrative charge would have uncovered the factual allegations in the formal litigation." Id. at 512. The Court need not hypothesize about the scope of a reasonable EEOC investigation, however. With or without the actions of her co-workers other than Samis and Rapp, the alleged harassment does not amount to severe or pervasive conduct. See infra.
[10] See generally, Albero Dep., 125-142.
[11] Albero Dep. at 127, 133.
[12] Albero Dep. at 117.
[13] Albero Dep. at 140-141.
[14] Albero Dep. at 124.
[15] Jennifer Albero's answers to Zoo's interrogatories, Def. Ex. 9.
[16] Jennifer Albero's answers to Rapp's interrogatories. Def. Ex. 23.
[17] Albero's answers to Zoo's interrogatories, Def. Ex. 9.
[18] Albero's answers to Rapp's Interrogatories, Def. Ex. 23.
[19] Deposition of Jennifer Albero, at 114-115. ("Albero Dep.")
[20] Employee Performance Appraisal, Def. Ex. 4. Albero had also complained of Rapp's favoritism toward Samis in a Workplace Questionnaire in January 2002, Def. Ex. 1.
[21] The commentary says, "Needs to be more positive and tolerant of others." (Def.Ex. 4).
[22] The commentary says, "does good animal work but attitude needs to improve (was originally a 3 but after discussion with Jim [Rapp] I agree with change [Muir] )." Employee Performance Appraisal, Def. Ex. 4.
[23] Albero objected to her evaluation in a letter to Rapp, sent May 30th. (Def.Ex. 4). In the letter she objected that Rapp unfairly characterized her as a malcontent who "cornplain[s] about everything." It bears mention that Albero's complaints did not relate to sexual harassment. Instead she had criticized the Zoo's relationship with the public and the mistreatment of the animals.
[24] Def. Ex. 10. In his deposition, Rapp explained that he scheduled the counseling session "because we identified things in the first evaluation in May [2002] that I don't think, really, we had seen that much improvement." Deposition of James Rapp, Def. Ex. 5, at 199. ("Rapp Dep.")
[25] Record of Counseling, Def. Ex. 10.
[26] Id.
[27] Albero's answers to Zoo's interrogatories, Def. Ex. 9. She says it was to pressure her to "cease complaining about zoo management."
[28] Memorandum Regarding Workplace Standards, Def. Ex. 11. Albero refused to sign a paper acknowledging receipt of this memorandum.
[29] Memorandum from Jim Rapp to Jennifer Albero, Def. Ex. 34.
[30] EEOC Charge Statement, Def. Ex. 15.
[31] Grievance Letter, Def. Ex. 17.
[32] Her complaint also alleged intentional infliction of emotional distress, respondeat superior, and negligent supervision, but she withdrew those claims with the Court's permission. Count I and Count III are the only remaining claims.
[33] Letter from Carrie Samis to Jennifer Albero, Def. Ex. 31.
[34] Second EEOC Charge Statement, Def. Ex.
[35] Albero sued Rapp individually. Supervisors are not individually liable for Title VII violations. See Lissau v.Southern Food Serv., Inc., 159 F.3d 177, 181 (4th Cir.1998). Rapp is entitled to summary judgment on that basis alone.
[36] In her Response to the Motion for Summary Judgment (Docket No. 33), Albero seems to include facts that allege a genderbased disparate treatment claim in addition to her claim for sexual harassment. Albero's complaint does not state a claim for disparate treatment, however. Furthermore, many of her allegations involve the treatment of her female colleagues and not herself. These allegations are irrelevant: "An individual plaintiff in a private, non-class action alleging employment discrimination is not litigating common questions of fact, but the discrete question of whether the employer discriminated against the plaintiff in a specific instance." Honor v. Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Inc., 383 F.3d 180, 190 (4th Cir.2004) (citing Lowery v. Circuit City Stores, Inc., 158 F.3d 742, 761 (4th Cir. 1998), vacated on other grounds 527 U.S. 1031, 119 S.Ct. 2388, 144 L.Ed.2d 790 (1999)). Otherwise, Albero points to decisions made by the management that she felt deprived her of her authority as a Zookeeper. These acts, however, are not in Title VII's purview. The statute does not cover all "unfair or unprofessional" treatment, and does not "prohibit employment decisions based on other factors such as job performance, erroneous evaluations, personality conflicts or even unsound business practices." Porter v. Nat'l Con-Sere, Inc., 51 F.Supp.2d 656, 659-60 (D.Md.1998) (citing Rose-Maston v. NME Hospitals, Inc., 133 F.3d 1104, 1109 (8th Cir. 1998)). The Court takes into account facts alleged about Albero's treatment as part of her hostile work environment claim, but finds that she has not produced evidence to survive summary judgment on a disparate treatment claim.
[37] Rapp Dep. at 117; Deposition of Carrie Samis, Def. Ex. 8, at 38-39, 86.
[38] EEOC Notice of Charge of Discrimination, Def. Ex. 15.
[39] As described above, their report, filed in June, found a sexually inappropriate environment at the Zoo, but did not substantiate any of Albero's claims. Nevertheless, Zoo management recommended that Rapp be reprimanded for allowing the inappropriate environment.
[40] City of Salisbury Maryland Employee Handbook, § 0610, § 0903, § 0904.
[41] In her response to the motion for summary judgment, (Docket No. 33), Albero seeks to sweep into her retaliation claim conduct that occurred relating to her back injury. For example, she cites the City's request that she take leave under the FMLA and her termination in July 2004 as retaliatory conduct. These disputed matters, however, relate to her 2003 back injury and her ability to perform her work duties after that injury. Accordingly, the only potential "causal connection" is between that conduct and her ADA claim, which Albero withdrew from this case. The Court, therefore, will not consider them and offers no opinion as to whether the ADA proscribes those actions.
[42] In her first EEOC charge, Albero alleged retaliation for complaining about the treatment of animals at the Zoo. This behavior is not protected under Title VII. The Court also notes that in her retaliation claim, Albero is not alleging retaliatory sexual harassment. Management disallowed all inappropriate behavior after Albero filed her grievance. Albero contends that Rapp and others deliberately made her working environment more difficult.
[43] Neither the mediocre evaluation nor the counseling session that followed constitutes an adverse employment action. Neither had an effect on the terms, benefits, or condition of her employment. For example, Albero was not demoted or denied a raise because of them. Moreover, these two events occurred between January 2002 and January 2003, before she filed her EEOC charge and grievance letter. Accordingly, they cannot be said to be in retaliation for her complaints of sexual harassment. Nor do Albero's complaints in the January 2002 Workplace Evaluation and in her May 2002 self-review qualify as "protected activity" under Title VII. She complained of favoritism, but made no allegations of sexual harassment or gender discrimination. Making general workplace complaints is not protected activity.
[44] It does not appear that this position was a promotion. The pay was $10,000 less than what Albero was making as a Senior Zookeeper. Advertisement for Education Technician position, Def. Ex. 22.
[45] Even assuming, arguendo, that this was an adverse employment action, Albero cannot show that the failure to hire her was retaliatory. Once a plaintiff has shown an adverse employment action, the burden shifts to the employer to show a legitimate, non-retaliatory reason for not hiring her. See Smith, 202 F.3d at 248. The plaintiff must then show that reason is pretextual by demonstrating "both that the reason was false and that [retaliation] was the real reason for the challenged conduct." Id. (emphasis added; internal citations omitted). The hiring team stated that the woman they hired was the most qualified for the position: she has a bachelor's degree, teaching experience, and enthusiasm for working with the public. Had Albero gotten the position, Samis would have been her supervisor. Samis also felt that her past personality conflicts with Albero weighed against Albero's candidacy. In addition, Albero stated in the January 2002 Workplace Questionnaire (Def.Ex. 1) that working with the public was the aspect of her job that she disliked the most. Working with the public was at the core of the Education Technician position. Albero has not shown that these legitimate reasons were merely a pretext for retaliation.
| {
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
} |
Raman crystal lasers in the visible and near-infrared.
Raman lasers based on potassium gadolinium tungstate and lead tungstate crystals pumped by a to approximately 120 ps Nd: YAG laser at 1.064 microm were developed. High reflection mirrors for the Stokes wavelength have been used to generate near-infrared and eye safe spectral region of 1.15 - 1.32 microm. Second harmonic generation of the generated Raman lasers was observed. Eifficient multiple Stokes and anti-Stokes picosecond generation in 64 crystals have been shown to exhibit stimulated Raman scattering on about 700 lines covering the whole visible and near-infrared spectrum. All stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared spectrum are identified and attributed to the SRS-active vibration modes of these crystals. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
FORTALEZA, Brazil – Raphael Assuncao has done his best to separate himself from the frustration of not fighting for a UFC championship. However, sometimes that’s easier said than done.
Assuncao (27-5 MMA, 11-2 UFC) is one of the top contenders in the UFC bantamweight division. He meets fellow divisional standout Marlon Moraes (21-5-1 MMA, 3-1 UFC) in a rematch on Saturday, which headlines UFC on ESPN+ 2 from his native Brazil. UFC President Dana White once labeled the matchup a No. 1 contender bout, but with 135-pound champ T.J. Dillashaw in an odd position, there’s no guarantees.
Dillashaw (16-4 MMA, 12-4 UFC) unsuccessfully moved down to challenge flyweight titleholder Henry Cejudo (14-2 MMA, 8-2 UFC) at UFC on ESPN+ 1 this month. Now there’s talk of doing a rematch at bantamweight, which would once again put Assuncao’s timeline to fight for UFC gold up in the air.
Unfortunately that’s not an unfamiliar feeling for Assuncao.
“The champion needs to get his stuff together and defend his title,” Assuncao told MMAjunkie. “Now they’re talking about a title defense against Cejudo, so that kind of complicates things a little bit. … I think T.J. should’ve stayed at his weight and done what he was supposed to do at 135. He went down to 125, and now I’m sure he regrets what happened. He should’ve stayed at his weight class and taken responsibility at his weight class.
“Just like when I should’ve fought for the title before and Cody (Garbrandt) took my place, and it didn’t go well twice for him. In the back of my mind, I don’t want to be a hater, but it’s like, ‘See, that’s what you get.’ It should’ve been my turn. Same with T.J. That’s what you get when you should’ve defended your own title.”
UFC on ESPN+ 2 takes place at Centro de Formacao Olimpica do Nordeste in Fortaleza, Brazil. Assuncao vs. Moraes headlines the card, which streams on ESPN+.
There was some consideration on Assuncao’s side about simply holding out on the next fight and seeing if the UFC would pit him against Dillashaw. Then the promotion came along with the offer to do a second fight with Moraes, who Assuncao beat by split decision at UFC 212 in June 2017.
Although Assuncao would seemingly have more to lose in the rematch, he said the package that came along with the fight offer created a scenario that made sense.
“I got a new contract, got a new deal,” Assuncao said. “A little bit more money – not substantial, but we were renegotiating, and the main event was offered. For me, it’s not just about being the main event, it is a lot of eyes on us. It proves me. If I’m going to be a champion, this is a good start of a proving ground being a main-event fight. It was also part of the finalization of negotiations in my new contract.”
Considering the highly competitive nature of their first fight, a rematch between Assuncao, No. 2 in the latest USA TODAY Sports/MMAjunkie MMA bantamweight rankings, and No. 5-ranked Moraes is actually quite logical. Assuncao has won an impressive 12 of his past 13 fights, while Moraes has done even better than that, emerging on top in 16 of his past 17.
With five rounds available for use in the rematch, there should be a much more definitive answer as to who is the better fighter.
“The physical attributes are going to be similar because we know each other physically, but as MMA fighters we are constantly changing and improving and a lot of factors come into play,” Assuncao said. “I don’t think it will be the exact fight. Obviously it will not be the exact fight, but I look at it is a whole different fight. My approach is all different. His approach is probably totally different, so I’m prepared for an all new fight.”
If Assuncao wins again, his argument for a title shot would be difficult to refute. His only loss at bantamweight came against Dillashaw at UFC 200 in July 2016 in what was a rematch of his win in their first fight at UFC Fight Night 29 in October 2013.
The trilogy is something Assuncao wants badly, and he’s trying to keep positive that it will finally come to fruition.
“I’m resilient; I’m pretty positive it’s going to work out my way,” Assuncao said. “I do have the expectation of being in a No. 1 contendership fight. I’ve mentioned and I’ve hoped and I’ve been in this situation many times. Hopefully this time it’s going to work. Right now the task at hand is Marlon Moraes once again. That’s all my focus right now. But obviously in the very back of my mind, I have the contendership fight.
To hear more from Assuncao, check out the video above.
For more on UFC on ESPN+ 2, check out the UFC Rumors section of the site. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
President George Bush has claimed he was told by God to invade Iraq and attack Osama bin Laden's stronghold of Afghanistan as part of a divine mission to bring peace to the Middle East, security for Israel, and a state for the Palestinians.
He told Bob Woodward - whose 2004 book, Plan of Attack, is the definitive account of the administration's road to war in Iraq - that after giving the order to invade in March 2003, he walked in the White House garden, praying "that our troops be safe, be protected by the Almighty". As he went into this critical period, he told Mr Woodward, "I was praying for strength to do the Lord's will. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Head over to myblu.com to check out myblu and their $1.00 trial offer on a myblu kit. Check out myblu.com for full details | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Odostomia tropidita
Odostomia tropidita is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
Description
The white shell has a pupiform shape. Its length measures 2.5 mm. The 1½ whorls of the protoconch form a moderately elevated helicoid spire, whose axis is at right angles to that of the succeeding turns, in the first of which it is about one-third immersed. The seven whorls of the teleoconch are moderately rounded, somewhat contracted at the sutures, and strongly tabulated on the summits. They are marked by rounded, weak, axial ribs of which eight occur upon the first and second, ten upon the third, twelve upon the fourth and fifth, and fourteen upon the penultimate turn. The intercostal spaces are broad and shallow. The periphery of the body whorl and base are well rounded. They are marked by the continuation of the ribs. The aperture is broadly oval. The outer lip is thin. The columella is slender and slightly curved.
Distribution
The type species was found off the Isle of Pearls, Bay of Panama.
References
External links
To World Register of Marine Species
Category:Pyramidellidae
Category:Gastropods described in 1909 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Thought Leadership
Evolution of mobile in 2019
I think that all those [mobile] growth rates have come with basically zero instance of header bidding. It’s basically been a very standard process where we’ve been doing that for years, monetizing publisher supply directly, monetizing through partners. But generally speaking more in the PMP and the OMP, but not the header world. I think what’s exciting in 2019 and beyond will be this big opportunity when header moves to server-side. And server side becomes the predominate way that publishers monetize their inventory. That opens up a world of mobile inventory that we don’t even see you today because of the mediation and where we fall in the waterfall. So I think what’s really exciting is when header moves to server, that will have a huge impact on mobile monetization opportunities. I feel we are really well-positioned to take advantage of that and be a leader in that with our involvement in Prebid and our efforts that we’ve already done on the server side. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
In radio communications circuits there often arises a need for impedance matching over a wide range of frequencies. Such matching may be achieved using tapered stripline techniques, however the widths of those striplines may be a problem where small size is required. Thus a need exists for a wide-band impedance-matching network with minimum size. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
This site is a sort of museum in cyberspace full of odds and ends about life in Budleigh Salterton.
It celebrates among other things the connection between our corner of East Devon - birthplace of both Sir Walter Raleigh and Roger Conant, founder of Salem, Massachusetts - and the United States of America.
The site was inspired by the friendship link established in 2001 with the Cape Cod community of Brewster.
Tuesday, 29 September 2009
Within three years of opening their vineyard on Dalditch Lane, Budleigh producers Faye and Alan Pratt (pictured left) were delighted to find that their red table wine has been a hit at the South West Vineyards Association's annual blind tasting.
The husband and wife team who run the two-acre Lily Farm Vineyard won trophies for their 2007 vintage at the tastings, held at Kenton Vineyard near Exeter on 4 September.
“Our first vintage has been awarded The John Buchan Agronomy Shield – Best Red Wine from a small scale producer – and also a bronze award in the main red wine category where we competed alongside top wine producers in the UK,” announced Mr and Mrs Pratt, from Moormead in Budleigh. “We are very excited to have received such prestigious recognition of the quality of our wine and we will work to maintain this standard in future vintages.”
Lily Farm Vineyard made national headlines in 2007 when picking of its Rondo grape harvest began a month before anywhere else in the UK.
On a personal note, that advice was borne home to me when I received out of the blue a few days ago an email from Argentina. The writer had contacted me after reading about a sad but inspiring episode during World War Two that I had described in my book Oundle’s War, published in 1995 and featured at http://oundleswar.blogspot.com/
Major Patrick Dudgeon MC (pictured above) had nothing to do with Budleigh Salterton as far as I know. A former pupil of Oundle School in Northamptonshire, he had joined the Royal Corps of Signals at the outbreak of war, and won the Military Cross for ‘gallant and distinguished service in the field.’ Later he was engaged on various secret and dangerous missions by submarine and air in North Africa while serving with the Special Air Service Regiment.
Operation ‘Speedwell’ was Patrick Dudgeon's last mission. The plan was to reduce the rate of German reinforcements to the south of Italy by attacking rail communications between Genoa and Spezia, Bologna and Pistoia, Bologna and Prato, and Florence and Arezzo. Had the operation been properly supported in terms of aircraft and supplies, it has been argued, the strategic advantage gained would have been immense.
On 7 September 1943, two aircraft took off from North Africa carrying two groups of SAS men. By midnight they had landed successfully in the mountains north of Spezia, some hundreds of miles behind the German lines. Patrick Dudgeon set off with his six men to attack the Genoa-Spezia railway. Two members of his group succeeded in blowing up two trains on the Spezia-Bologna line, and finally made their way back to British lines. Patrick Dudgeon, with fellow-soldier Trooper Brunt, then ambushed a German amphibian and succeeded in killing a number of the enemy before being captured near Parma.
It was clear to the Germans from the explosives he was carrying that Patrick Dudgeon had been hoping to reach a further objective, but nothing could make him give any information about the target. In the presence of his staff the German General responsible for the interrogation expressed admiration for the British officer's courage, but gave the order for him and his companion to be shot the next morning on Hitler's orders.
News of Patrick Dudgeon’s capture and death came after the war in the form of a letter to his father from the German army Captain who had acted as interpreter at his interrogation, and who wanted to fulfil his pledge to the person he described as the bravest English officer he had ever met. (Right: Victor Schmit in 1943)
My Argentinian emailer turned out to be the grandson of the German officer who had befriended Captain Dudgeon shortly before he was executed. Attached to his email was a copy of the original letter that his grandfather Victor Schmit had written in 1945. I found it so affecting that I decided to reproduce it here:
Luxembourg
May 11 1945.
Dear Sir,By this letter I fulfil my word pledged to the bravest of English officers I met in all my life. This officer is your son, Captain Dudgeon, who fell for his country in Italy on October 3rd 1943. Before he died I had to promise him to give you information about the circumstances and the spot he was buried.
I was at that time a platoon commander in the 65th Infantry Division of the Germans. My unit lay in the Passo della Cisa about 30 miles west of Parma on the road Parma – La Spezia.
About 0100 o’clock a.m. I was wakened by my men who told me they had captured two English soldiers driving in the direction of Parma, their clothes were smeared with blood, in their bags they had about 40 pounds of explosives. I went down and found in the Guard Room two English soldiers, one of whom a captain. When I asked who they were they gave me their military cards. I reported to the Coy. Comdr. and later to the Division. The Divisional Officer on duty told me that half an hour ago a German Sgt and a private driving towards La Spezia had been shot and the car stolen.
This having happened several hundred miles behind the lines and the two soldiers carrying explosives they had to be treated as Greischarler (? Freischarler) and would probably be shot.
The battalion commander who had arrived in the meantime tried to get out of your son anything about his purposes, where he was coming from etc.etc., I being the interpreter. When the German insisted your son asked me to translate “If you were my prisoner should you betray your country talking about your mission?”
Upon this my captain told him that probably he had to be shot by an existing order of the Fuhrer. Captain Dudgeon took the news, answering something like this - “All right I’ll die for my country”.
When my captain had withdrawn I sat beside your son on the straw and we were speaking together all night long. He told me he knew little of Germany, that he had been during his holidays to Switzerland etc.
In the morning the Divisional Commander, General Von Zielberg, informed the Bn. That he would come and see the English captain before he was to be shot. I told him (your son) that the German officers were scandalized that an enemy who had behaved in so brilliant a manner had to be shot but were mightless against an order of the Fuhrer. To me the behaviour of the young officer of 23 years old had made such an impression that I couldn’t help telling him when we were alone “Your country may be proud of you. If you were not my enemy I should ask you to be my friend”. Captain Dudgeon gave me his hand saying “I thank you for telling me that”.
Page 2.
The interview with the General was quite resultless. At the end of it (all German officers were present) the General told me to translate to your son the following sentence –“Sagen Sie ihm dass ich vor Seinen Haltung alle Achtung habe. Er wird, mit seinen Kameraden in einer Stunde erschossen.”
Your son saluted militarily and left the General. He asked me to stay with him until it would be over. He gave me your address asking me to inform you. He asked for a protestant priest. Before he died he asked to die with free hands and open eyes. He knelt down for a short while praying with his hands in front of his face.
Then he got up and died like a hero.
I wasnot allowed to give you notice of your son’s death by way of the Red Cross as the enemy was to have no information whatever regarding the efficiency of the parachutists. So I had to wait and keep the address hidden up to now. The grave of Captain Dudgeon is 200 metres South West of the Chapel on the Passo della Cisa going in the direction of La Spezia, 100 metres behind the last of the buildings.
I am, Yours sincerely,
Victor Schmit,
C/o Veura Schmit - ZollerHOSTERTpris de Luxembourg
And perhaps, after all, in my mind there is the vaguest connection with Budleigh. Shortly after settling here two years ago, while sunbathing on the beach, I was struck by the sight of 30 young men jogging along Marine Parade towards the coast path. On a weekday? Suddenly – it must have been the haircuts – I realised that they were marines from nearby Lympstone. Probably on a 30-mile jog, in training for Afghanistan. Possibly some would never return alive. And I thought of all the tragic loss of life of young people which I had described in my book: Patrick Dudgeon was only 23 when he died.
Monday, 28 September 2009
Below:The Rolle Flats on Budleigh’s sea front are now one of the town’s major landmarks, thanks to planners who gave the go-ahead to the demolition of Budleigh’s best known hotel.
The headline may seem sensationalist, and this story may appear nimbyist. But ever since arriving in Budleigh Salterton I’ve been struck by the number of fine old buildings in the town that have been destroyed, to be replaced by architectural eyesores. Budleigh is a lovely town, beautifully situated, with an interesting historic heritage. That has not helped to save it from the greed of developers and the stupidity of planners.
The full story of this desecration is told in a series of 20 or so files kept on a shelf in the town’s excellent Fairlynch Museum. The title of one of the files, 'The Rape of Budleigh Salterton', seemed to me to be highly appropriate.
Right: Clyst Hayes House on Exmouth Road,
Budleigh Salterton. Planners have given the go-ahead to its demolition.
So when I received a letter from East Devon District Council (EDDC) inviting me to comment on the impending demolition of Clyst Hayes House, it seemed only natural to make the following response.
We have already registered our objections to the proposed demolition of the above property in letters to EDDC Planning Service dated 26 March 2008 and 10 October 2008.
Along with many other Budleigh Salterton residents, including the Town Council, we feel that the demolition of Clyst Hayes House would constitute a flagrant disregard for, as our Councillors have already stated, “guidance laid out in the Budleigh Salterton Design Statement.”
The Budleigh Salterton Town Design Statement (TDS) notes in at least three of its sections that the greatest threat to the open rural character of the town is from infill or “backland” development, where large gardens are particularly vulnerable to opportunistic development (4.5.3), quoting examples of large detached houses saved from demolition or “successfully converted to multiple occupancy” (5.6.2), and suggesting that “greater attention should be paid to the sub-division of large houses of distinctive character rather than the soft option of demolition and redevelopment of the site.” (5.9)
Clyst Hayes House is described in the Site Description by EDDC, available on the internet at http://www.eastdevon.gov.uk/dc_report_091208_08-2519-out-central.pdfas “a large slate and render, Edwardian house of attractive proportions.” This description would clearly indicate on the basis of the TDS guidelines that the property should have been considered as a strong candidate for being preserved and restored.
On your website at http://www.eastdevon.gov.uk/planning-budleigh-salterton-town-design-statement East Devon District Council states that “The Town Design Statement was adopted as interim Supplementary Planning Guidance to the emerging East Devon Local Plan on 13th October 2004. It's [sic] guidelines add detail to, and complement, the Local Plan policies and will be used in the determination of planning applications and to guide householders undertaking works not requiring planning permission.”
By approving this demolition, East Devon District Council is making a mockery of its publicly stated policy with regard to such buildings, and demonstrates a lack of integrity which we find hard to understand.
Yours sincerely
Michael and Anthea Downes
Above: Clyst Hayes House garden: a tempting prospect for developers who would like to see it filled with houses.
Friday, 11 September 2009
Coinciding with the launch of Budleigh Salterton’s first Literary Festival http://www.budlitfest.org.uk/ on Friday 18 September the town’s Brook Gallery will be exhibiting until 19 October a wonderful selection of ‘Avian Alphabet’ woodcuts by a renowned artist viewed as a ‘national treasure’ for his skill and craftsmanship.
“His delight in the lines of a bird so elegantly inscribed by the cut of his graver, his skill in varying texture… his palpable pleasure in composing his subjects into joyous designs have brought something new to the portrayal of birds,” comments the celebrated naturalist Sir David Attenborough of Colin See-Paynton. Above: A Gaggle of Geese
Widely regarded as the leading exponent of the art of wood engraving, Colin See-Paynton, with his exhibition ‘Of a Feather: An Avian Alphabet’ brings an elegant vision of our feathery friends to Budleigh Salterton’s renowned gallery this autumn. The series of prints has been produced from a body of fresh new engravings, launching with a talk by the artist at 3.00 pm on 18 September followed later by a private view party at the gallery.
Pictured above: Sir David Attenborough, left, with Colin See-Paynton
Collections of Colin’s work are also held in the UK at the Victoria & Albert Museum in London, the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, the National Museum of Wales and the National Library of Wales. Worldwide he is also held in many private collections and his work is exhibited at the Berlin Graphotek, the Fremantle Museum and Art Gallery in Australia, the Gaudi Salon in Barcelona and the Yosemite Wildlife Museum in California.
A Fellow of the Cambrian Academy, an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Painter-Printmakers and a member of the Society of Wood Engravers, Colin brings a new vigour to the art of printmaking while earning praise as a meticulous observer of the natural world.
Friday, 4 September 2009
Striking images and fascinating memorabilia from a vanished age will be on display at East Budleigh’s Salem Chapel over Heritage Weekend on Saturday 12 and Sunday 13 September.
Budleigh Salterton’s Nick Loman has been collecting pictures, documents and artifacts for more than 30 years.
Above: A view from the past of Fore Street Hill in Budleigh
The result is an impressive archive giving a unique insight into life as it used to be in Budleigh, Exmouth and the surrounding villages.
Having spent his working life as a fish merchant, Nick, of Swains Road, has a special interest in the local fishing industry, and felt that there was a need to preserve memories of it for posterity. Visitors to Budleigh today wouldn't necessarily realise how much importance the industry had for the town, as there is no real sign of how much fishing went on, he believes.
Above: A map of 1895 showing the hamlet of Kersbrook, north of Budleigh Salterton
“A hundred and seventy people attended my last talk about the history of fishing, which shows the huge interest there is in this area,” he says.
Other subjects which make up Nick Loman’s collection include the railway, Budleigh Salterton’s main street and its hotels, of which there were 15 at one time.
The Nick Loman Collection at Salem Chapel is open from 10.00 am to 5.00 pm each day.
Thursday, 3 September 2009
With one of the important costume collections in the country, Budleigh Salterton’s unique thatched museum is not just a collection of fascinating fossils and other curiosities from the past but a unique opportunity outside London to see how clothing fashion has changed over the centuries. And it’s not just Victorian ball gowns and 19th century Honiton lace underwear. This year has seen a special exhibition of costumes by the designer Zandra Rhodes http://www.zandrarhodes.com/ celebrated as one of the new wave of British designers who put London at the forefront of the international fashion scene in the 1970s.
Visitors to Fairlynch will be admitted free of charge all day on Friday 11 September as part of the Heritage Open Day programme organized by English Heritage.
It’s an amazing building dating from around 1811 in the ‘marine cottage orné’ style so frequently found in Budleigh’s larger Jurassic Coast neighbour Sidmouth. The original owner, ship owner Matthew Lee Yeates, is said to have added the thatched turret so that he could see his ships coming into the bay carrying limestone and coal for the Salterton lime kilns and timber for Exmouth.
Inside there are collections of geological specimens, including radioactive nodules discovered by Budleigh archaeologist George Carter http://budleighbrewsterunited.blogspot.com/2009/07/george-carter-and-archaeology-of-east.html There is also a lace room as well as a costume room, and an exhibition of toys and items for children, souvenir china and model ships. And the shelves of folders in the Local History section testify to the impressive amount of work carried out by Fairlynch volunteers to catalogue all the photographs, documents and artifacts which illustrate the fascinating history of Budleigh Salterton and the surrounding villages.
Outside the Fairlynch building itself there are some curious and interesting features in the surrounding gardens, like this chair.
The gardens themselves deserve a mention, if only because they are a beautiful place to sit in, overlooking the sea. They were lovingly restored to feature plants contemporary with the building.
Heritage Open Days celebrate England’s architecture and culture by allowing visitors free access to interesting properties that are either not usually open, or would normally charge an entrance fee. They are England’s biggest and most popular voluntary cultural event. Last year the Open Days attracted around 1 million visitors.
There’s nothing like a spot of patriotism to cheer you up on a typically British bank holiday. So the bright red, white and blue of our national flag was an effective antidote to the drizzly mist which covered Budleigh Salterton seafront in time for the town’s Lions Club’s Balloon Race.
Lion Peter Mason promotes the event with bell and balloon.
Proceeds from the day went towards the Lions’ campaign to provide Medic Alert pendants and bracelets.
Over 700 balloons went soaring up into the cloud, bearing their greetings messages along with the hopes of many seeking that prize of £100 for the person whose balloon travels the furthest. The winner’s balloon last year was returned from Switzerland.
The weather did nothing to keep the crowds away from the 23 charity stalls which took part in the event. But Budleigh Salterton Carnival Club's Margaret Briggs, pictured left, and her fellow- Club member Julia Meredith are understandably keeping up their spirits with a hot drink. They'd been cheered by the news that the Budleigh float was awarded 2nd prize in Topsham Carnival the previous day.
Budleigh Salterton’s recently founded Film Society will soon have the option of screening a locally-made movie starring one of the area’s well-known theatrical names.
East Budleigh resident Michael Terry, pictured left, has been combining rehearsals for the Salterton Drama Club’s production ‘Murder, Mayhem and the NHS’ at Budleigh’s Playhouse with appearing at Torquay in a surreal comedy docu-drama directed by Exeter-based film maker Tom Austin.
The movie is based loosely on the life of Spanish artist Salvador Dali. “It’s called ‘La Legende~Dali’ and looks at the relationship between Dali and Hitchcock in the making of ‘Spellbound’– I play Alfred Hitchcock,” says Michael.
Set in a boxing ring, the film tells the story, in a dramatic, theatrical way, of Dali’s relationships – with his family (primarily his dead brother, of whom he believed he was a re-incarnation), his nymphomaniac wife, and the canvas. Dali duels in the ring with his ghost brother, who is a Dali figure/alter ego showman. He also travels through the landscapes of some of his paintings.
The 1945 film ‘Spellbound’ is not one of Hitchcock’s best known works, but is notable as the first cinematic example of psychoanalysis being used as a plot device to solve a mystery. Its most celebrated scene is the visually stunning dream sequence, designed by Dali, where the central image is of an oversized pair of scissors cutting through an eye painted on a curtain.
Michael has been a member of the Salterton Drama Club for over 25 years and has appeared in and directed numerous plays, plus around 10 Pantomimes. More recently as a member of the Northcott Community Company http://www.exeternorthcott.co.uk/ he has been seen in ‘Matthew Miller’, ‘Cider with Rosie’ and ‘Cold Comfort Farm’. ‘La Legende~Dali’ is not Michael’s first venture into cinema. Last year he and fellow Northcott Community Company member Jan Hookway were filming in Mumbai, playing a naive English couple who accidentally get caught up in the rivalry between different sets of Indian gangsters in a film called ‘Delhi Belly’ due to be released next year.
Michael has had to juggle the surreal scenes of the Dali film with the very real problem of getting back from Torquay to rehearsals at the Salterton Playhouse in time for the Drama Club production, which opens on Monday 7 September. “In between rehearsals I am filming in Torquay on Saturday and all day Monday, with a quick dash back to Budleigh for the show,” he says.
I reckon he deserves an extra round of applause on the opening night from his Budleigh audience for all his efforts.
Tuesday, 1 September 2009
Budleigh Salterton’s Fairlynch Museum (pictured left) and East Budleigh’s Salem Chapel will be among the many historic centres which are celebrating this month with special exhibitions.
Since 1991 Heritage Weekend European Heritage Days have been held annually in September in 49 countries, from the Baltic to the Balkans, from Iceland to the Iberian Peninsular, highlighting not only the dazzling diversity of Europe’s heritage, but also its intercultural links.
Across the Atlantic, interest in heritage is just as strong. This September will see the anniversary of the launch of an exciting new project by the University of Massachusetts at Boston and the Massachusetts Foundation for the Humanities.
Brewster was the first Cape Cod town to be visited by the Mass. Memories Road Show.On the afternoon of September 13th 2008, residents were invited to bring up to three photos or documents that illustrate the early – and and/or – current life of Brewster. The items were scanned onsite and the originals immediately returned to the owners. People were also invited to contribute to an oral history video project and tell the story relevant to their photos or documents – on camera.
Over the next few years the Road Show hopes to visit all 351 communities in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Above: Local resident Bill Wibel holding documents at the Brewster Mass. Memories Road Show at the Brewster Ladies Library on September 13, 2008.
The Sept 2008 event was locally sponsored by the Brewster Archives Committee, a town-wide committee which includes members from the Town Clerk’s office, the Brewster Ladies’ Library, the Brewster Historical Society, the First Parish Church and interested Brewster history researchers. The Committee’s mission is to collaboratively and cooperatively identify, preserve, catalogue and provide online databased access to Brewster historical and archival records.
“Everyone who lives here probably has a piece of the history of this town, either in documents or pictures,” explained Brewster-based author Sally Gunning, who has been instrumental in the Committee’s ambitious project. The goal, she says, is to scan all public records for online use, giving “a much better picture of the history of Brewster.” Above: Nina Gregson holding a photo of her house
Brewster Ladies’ Library was already the base for the Brewster Oral History Project, a collection of taped interviews with people who have been part of the town's history. The tapes are arranged alphabetically and each one is accompanied by a transcript.
Subjects include Brewster resident Washington Chase talking about the cranberry industry from the time of the Depression to 1997, when the recording was made; Bob Finch talking about the town’s ghosts; Roz Gage describing how she and her husband found a cache of bootlegged whiskey in the sand on Brewster beach; and Cathy Kroeger relating stories of her great-great-grandfather's seagoing days in the heyday of the Brewster ship captains. Above: Clippings of Brewster and scrapbook of Bernice Hayes
“We are aware our collection is far from complete,” say the project’s organizers. “We are looking for additional interviewees who would like to hand down their memories of Brewster throughout the years, and we are also hoping to recruit volunteers who would act as interviewers to help keep those memories alive.”
Above: Staff, volunteers and contributors pose for a photo at the Brewster Mass. Memories Road Show at the Brewster Ladies Library on September 13, 2008.
[This September sees the launch of Budleigh Salterton’s first-ever literary festival http://www.budlitfest.org.uk/ with a pre-festival event on 5 September, when Michael Morpurgo will be the guest author. The festival proper will take place from 18-20 September.
To mark the occasion I reproduce with acknowledgement to the Boston Globe newspaper a recent feature which highlights the literary debt owed to the landscape and history of Cape Cod by one of its best-known residents.
Sally Gunning writes award-winning historical novels that have won praise for their compelling storylines, thorough research and strong characterization. She is a resident of Budleigh Salterton's sister-town of Brewster.]
Below: Local author Sally Gunning sits at one of her favorite places, at Lower Mill Pond under a willow tree. Photo credit: Bill Greene/Globe staff.
Fact and Fictions
Sally Gunning sets her novels in familiar, favored places that bear the imprint of the town’s history.
The wet sand stretches out as far as our eyes can see, and a mist hides all but a sliver of the homes on a nearby rise. It is low tide on the Brewster flats. No tourists are in sight as Sally Gunning, the historical novelist, shows off the Cape Cod town she loves. “You come out here, and there’s nothing but space,’’ she says.
Spend a day with Gunning and the town she reveals is intimate, quiet, and rugged, with a rich history and unique sights. First stop is this patch of beach just 100 yards from her and her husband Tom Gunning’s home, a 1,200-square-foot cottage once owned by her grandparents. Five of her family members, including her mother, live here in homes on six acres. The nearby nameless beach is accessible to anyone taking a stroll down the shore from Breakwater or Points of Rock beaches.
Gunning, 58, traces her roots back 300 years in this town. “The Cape literally is a part of me,’’ she says, having been barely a month old when she spent her first summer here. In 1977, she moved here from Providence.
As she stands on the flats in late June, she thinks back to the mid-to late 1700s.
“I can picture this beach just covered with these whales. The cry was up. Everybody rushes to the beach, gets into their boats, and drives them in purposely. In those days, it was heaven. They’d just sit there and hack up the blubber, load it into the barrels,’’ she says.
Brewster is the setting for Gunning’s The Widow’s War, published in 2006; Bound, published last year; and, in part, The Seeming Truth, due out next year. All three books are set in the 18th century.
The Widow’s War begins as the main character, Lyddie Berry, hears a shout, “Blackfish in the bay!’’
Writes Gunning of Berry’s view from a hill above the beach: “She leaned into the wind and soon had a clear view of the beach, blackened as far as her eye could see, by the whales, driven ashore by the men’s oars beating against the water. It was a rich sight.’’
Her characters walk around Brewster. We climb into Gunning’s silver Honda CR-V to get to our next destination: Hopkins House Bakery, the setting for the home of character Betsey Hopkins, Berry’s cousin. The house is now a bakery and gift shop.
Mary Beth Baxter, who runs the gift shop while her daughter runs the bakery, greets us as we enter. She chats about the history of the house while she threads wire into signs made of old window shutters, souvenirs for the shop. Baxter says she discovered that it was always known as the Hopkins house because members of that family lived here for at least 200 years.
The building is two structures, linked together, a house built in the late 1600s and a 19th-century home. In the back of the shop, there’s a four-foot-long bed, akin to what Cape Codders used to have because they slept sitting up.
Baxter says Cape Cod book groups visit just to walk in the footsteps of Gunning’s characters. At the bakery, they can purchase Intoxicating Rum Balls or Gunning’s favorite, Georgia peach muffins.
While her husband is at his job as a social worker, Gunning, like her characters, spends much of her time alone, writing or walking. With an index card tucked in her bathing suit in case she wants to jot down a description, she strolls the beaches, reflecting on Brewster’s herring run and the Grist Mill along Stony Brook Road. That spot entrances Alice Cole, the teenage servant on the lam in Bound. [“On the lam” is a popular American slang expression meaning “on the run.”]
Writes Gunning of what Cole sees: “Behind the tavern the millpond shimmered in a slice of newfound sun, its waters somersaulting down the hill into the millstream below. The mill wheel spun under the force of the spring flood waters, churning gobs of spray into the air that the sun turned to minute snowflakes.’’
In June at the mill area, the scene is bucolic. The tavern is replaced by a house. The upper and lower ponds shimmer, but the mill wheel is inert.
Gunning remembers her childhood as she stands on a footbridge overlooking the brook.
“When we were kids, we dropped sticks to see whose would come out first,’’ she says, then grabs a stick, drops it, and darts to the other side of the bridge to watch its path. “I’m having a stick moment.’’
Herrings are nowhere to be seen, though a lone seagull perches on a rock. “He’s hoping,’’ Gunning says.
Only months before, I had stood in the same spot. In late April, the brook was black with fish fighting to jump up the rocky ladders to get to the ponds to spawn. Gulls sat on the ledges, squawking, then dove into the waters to snag a hapless fish. People lined the path and bridges to watch the show.
Gunning points out remnants of the foundation of another mill that burned to the ground, then leads us across the road and sits under a willow tree near the ponds.
“This is one of my favorite spots. It’s peaceful,’’ she says.
Minutes later, we amble along a nearby path so she can show the rock where her character Berry sits pondering her future. Gunning rests on the rock, crossing her jean-clad legs, gazing at the lily pads and a turtle sunbathing on a log.
She advises visitors to consider the history of this place more than just its natural beauty. “You have to think of that as a teeming business center, the mills, the tannery. There was a cobbler’s shop near there,’’ she says. It is hard to think of commerce with the ponds so serene.
Later we head to Wing’s Island, another favorite spot of Gunning’s, accessible on trails behind the Cape Cod Museum of Natural History. Because we underestimate when high tide is over, we have to wade in ankle-deep water on the boardwalk over a marsh and past the resident osprey. We get to a dry path, then take an easy jaunt to the island, seeing a sandpiper, red-winged blackbirds, and once again, with Gunning’s help, the past. In the 1800s, dozens of salt mills dotted the landscape, and the Sauquatuckets, a Wampanoag tribe, camped, fished, and grew crops in an area known as Quivet Creek.
On our return, Gunning picks leaves off a bayberry bush, crumbles them, and holds them near my nose. “Smell,’’ she says. It is the sweet scent of a bayberry candle, the same candles Berry is making when she is burned in a fire. A bird whistles in the trees above. For Gunning, on this island, as on the beaches by her home, history, fiction, and nature collide.
About Me
Born in 1946, in Birmingham UK, of Scottish-Irish parentage, and brought up as a Roman Catholic. Early education may have driven me into teaching, in the belief that schools should offer a more enjoyable experience for children. Studied French at London University, specialising in 16th century literature. Then came 34 years of teaching French, along with red herrings and common sense, at Oundle School, Northamptonshire. Published articles in Etudes Rabelaisiennes, (a long time ago), and a couple of books - one big 'Oundle's War' (1995) - and one small 'The Scientist in The Cottage' (2013) - a biography of Henry Carter FRS (1813-95). Dabbles, and some people say meddles, in many areas. A passionate gardener, moved to Devon partly to grow ericaceous plants more easily. Other interests include family, cycling, walking, photography, reading, music, studying butterflies, chopping wood, DIY, playing on the scaffold tower, and networking for the Greater Good. Married to Anthea for over 40 years. Three children: Emily, Simeon and Rosanna, three granddaughters and two Bengal cats. Like an increasing number of my friends of my generation, I'm a cancer survivor – I hope! | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Sample fares to GCT/Harlem-125th Street
On-board fares are indicated in red. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Russian operations in the West—or rather, alleged Russian operations in the West—are designed in part for deniability. From election meddling in the United States to mysterious poisonings in the United Kingdom, the Russian connection has been visible through hints, happenstance, digital trails, or clear motives, but always hard to prove. Which leaves Western governments in the position of deciding when, and how, to make public accusations.
U.K. Prime Minister Theresa May chose the bold course Monday of, essentially, and provisionally, accusing Russia of “unlawful use of force” on British territory. In a remarkable speech to the House of Commons, she addressed the disturbing case of Sergei Skripal, the former Russian spy who was found last week alongside his daughter, Yulia, on a park bench in a catatonic state. The pair, as well as a police officer who responded to the scene, remain in critical condition after being exposed to what May described as a “weapons-grade nerve agent of a type developed by Russia.” The case had echoes of the poisoning of another former Russian spy, Alexander Litvinenko, who died in the U.K. in 2006 after drinking tea that was laced with polonium—an assassination that was later traced to Russia, and in retaliation for which Britain expelled some Russian diplomats.
May framed this latest poisoning not as a criminal act, but as something akin to an act of war, leaving open the question of how the British government would respond. (10 Downing Street, when reached for comment, declined to give more specifics on what specifically May meant by characterizing the poisoning as an “unlawful use of force.”) In the directness of its accusation, the speech was reminiscent of the U.S. intelligence community’s January 2017 report formally blaming the Russian government for interference in America’s 2016 presidential election.
May spelled out her own government’s reasoning this way:
Based on the positive identification of this chemical agent by world-leading experts at the Defense Science and Technology Laboratory at Porton Down; our knowledge that Russia has previously produced this agent and would still be capable of doing so; Russia’s record of conducting state-sponsored assassinations; and our assessment that Russia views some defectors as legitimate targets for assassinations; the Government has concluded that it is highly likely that Russia was responsible for the act against Sergei and Yulia Skripal.
She allowed for only two possibilities: Either Russia had directed the attack, or it had somehow “lost control” of the substance used in the crime.
Moscow can be expected to deny involvement (it has already dismissed the prime minister’s statement as a “circus show”). But there are already signs that the U.K.’s tolerance of suspected Russian criminal activities on British soil is waning—British lawmaker Yvette Cooper urged the government to re-examine a string of unexplained deaths in the U.K., which Buzzfeed connected to Russia, citing U.S. intelligence agencies, in a recent investigative report. That report characterized the British response to those cases as tepid, pointing out that “British police have ruled out foul play in every last case” of 14 the news outlet examined.
In the U.S., former President Barack Obama’s response to Russian malfeasance was similarly criticized for its supposed timidity—the administration expelled a number of Russian diplomats and imposed sanctions on the country in response, but by then the election was over. Expulsions and sanctions are among the responses the May government could enact in response to Skripal’s poisoning. Other options floated include a boycott by British ministers and dignitaries of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, which will be hosted by Russia this summer.
The British government has, however, given Russia until the end of the day Tuesday to make its case that Skripal’s poisoning was not a state-directed plot. The other alternative outlined—that Russia had manufactured a large volume of nerve agents now turning up abroad without the knowledge or control of the Kremlin—would be a different kind of problem, and plenty horrible in its own way.
(Original post by shawn_o1)
Where's the proof that Russia was responsible? I bet the UK loses on this one. Even if it means their Brexit goes pear shaped.
Well in fairness Russia has a rather explicit history of this - namely in 1978 and 2006.
Personally I withhold judgement on the matter until more information is released but it would be foolish to overlook the similarities.
How about this government decides to grow up, stand up to the menacing pests in Russia and call on the EU and the US to sanction Russia's gas and oil industry.
Then they will care, then they will regret, then Putin will be "quaking in his boots".
(Original post by The PoliticalGuy)
Russia don't actually care what we do because what can we.
How about this government decides to grow up, stand up to the menacing pests in Russia and call on the EU and the US to sanction Russia's gas and oil industry.
Then they will care, then they will regret, then Putin will be "quaking in his boots".
The EU is almost guaranteed not to sanction the energy sector. It has far to much riding on it in terms of imports and investments, us to for that matter.
I also tend to side with the common counter argument here [aside from the cutting off our nose to spite our face approach] what benefit would marginalizing Russia possibly accomplish aside from making the government feel better about themselves? Bugger all aside from pissing off an already truculent neighbor who might well just lash out if we were to declare war in that fashion against them.
Not to mention an act of economic warfare generally requires hard evidence not just suspicions.
It sounds like the government is contemplating a retaliatory attack in the cyber domain. No doubt that GCHQ will take point - I'm curious how the UK's capability stacks up to other nations in this area.
What else can she do? Rules of diplomacy say she can't ignore it, can't just pretend it hasn't happened.
This is how this kind of thing is supposed to be dealt with, it's just we've all got used to the buffoon with Twitter in the round room in the other side of the pond being a colossal numpty that we've forgotten that nation states are supposed to be restrained and kinda silly about this kind of thing.
(Original post by Drewski)
What else can she do? Rules of diplomacy say she can't ignore it, can't just pretend it hasn't happened.
This is how this kind of thing is supposed to be dealt with, it's just we've all got used to the buffoon with Twitter in the round room in the other side of the pond being a colossal numpty that we've forgotten that nation states are supposed to be restrained and kinda silly about this kind of thing.
It has already been suggested that if Putin doesn't comply, then she should consider passing a Magnisky act, increasing the British millitary prescence at military excercises near the Russian border, carry out cyber attacks against the Russians and more diplomats can be expelled. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
[An analysis by scanning electron microscopy and surface roughness meter of the impact of the CO2 laser on the dentin].
The aim of the study was to compare the morphology of craters produced on the dentinal surface by CO2 laser beams (LASERSAT CO2) before and after the removal of the carbonized layer, besides with different settings of the power and duration of the laser beam. Thirty-three recently extracted non carious young third molar teeth were sectioned from vestibular and lingual surfaces, exposing a planed dentinal surface. Twenty impacts were made on each of dentinal surface producing 20 individual craters. The duration and the power of each laser beam were different on each tooth. The duration varied from 0.1 to 0.4 second (0.1-0.2-0.3-0.4 s). The power varied from 1 to 5 watts (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 w). Specimens obtained for a power of 3 and 4 watts and a duration of 0.1 and 0.2 second were examined with a JEOL 35CF (25 KV, magnification: x 30, x 110, x 200), before and after the removal of the carbonized layer. The carbonized layer of the craters was removed with an air polisher (HEATCO). Craters obtained for all duration values as well as for all power values were analyzed with a profilometer. The chosen profilometer was: TALISURF 10; horizontal amplification Vh = 20; vertical amplification Vv = 200. Samples were observed by a SEM and the craters depth and diameter were measured with a profilometer. Then, the carbonized layer of the craters was removed with an air polisher and the cleaned dentinal surface was observed again with the SEM and the profilometer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
"Water." "Earth." "Fire." "Air." "Long ago, the four nations lived together in harmony." "Then, everything changed when the Fire Nation attacked." "Only the Avatar, master of all four elements, could stop them." "But when the world needed him most, he vanished." "A hundred years passed, and my brother and I discovered the new Avatar an airbender named Aang." "And although his airbending skills are great." "He has a lot to learn before he's ready to save anyone." "But I believe Aang can save the world." "Spare coins for weary travelers?" "This is humiliating!" "We're royalty." "These people should be giving us whatever we want." "They will... if you ask nicely." "Spare change for a hungry old man?" "Aww, here you go." "The coin is appreciated, but not as much as your smile." "How about some entertainment in exchange for... a gold piece." "We're not performers." "Not professional, anyway." "It'sa long,longway toBaSingSe,but the girlsin thecitytheylooksooprett-ay!" "Come on!" "We're talking a gold piece here!" "Let's see some action!" "Dance!" "Andtheykisssosweetthatyou've really gottomeetthegirlsfromBaSingSe!" "Nothing like a fat man dancing for his dinner." "Here ya go!" "Such a kind man!" "Hey, you takin' us down for a reason?" "Aang!" "Why are we going down?" "What?" "I didn't even notice." "Are you noticing now?" "Is something wrong?" "I know this is gonna sound weird, but..." "I think the swamp is... calling to me." "It is telling ya where we can get something to eat?" "No, I..." "I think it wants us to land there." "No offense to the swamp, but I don't see any land there to land on." "I don't know,..." "Bumi said to learn earthbending I would have to wait and listen, and now I'm actually hearing the earth." "Do you want me to ignore it?" "Yes!" "I don't know..." "There's something ominous about that place." "See?" "Even Appa and Momo don't like it here." "Okay, since everyone feels so strongly about this... bye swamp." "Yip!" "Yip!" "You better throw in an extra "yip"!" "We gotta move!" "Where's Appa and Momo?" "Appa!" "Momo!" "Sokka!" "You've got an elbow leech!" "Where!" "Where!" "Where do you think?" "Why do things keep attaching to me!" "You couldn't find them?" "No... and the tornado... it just disappeared." "We better speed things up!" "Maybe... we should be a little nicer to the swamp." "Aang, these are just plants!" "Do you want me to say "please" and "thank you" as I swing my machete back and forth?" "Maybe you should listen to Aang." "Something about this place feels... alive." "I'm sure there are lots of things that are alive here, and if we don't wanna wind up getting eaten by them, we need to find Appa as fast as we can." "Appa!" "Momo!" "There's no way they can hear us and no way we can see them." "We'll have to make camp for the night." "What was that!" "?" "Nothing." "Just swamp gas." "Look, there's nothing supernatural going on here." "I think we should build a fire..." "Sokka, the longer we're here the more I think you shouldn't be doing that." "No, I asked the swamp." "It said this was fine." "Right, swamp? "No problem, Sokka!"" "Does anyone else get the feeling that we're being watched?" "Please, we're all alone out here." "...except for them." "Right, except for them." "Guys?" "What'd you reckon make a track like that, Tho?" "Don't know, Due." "Something with six legs." "Pretty big'uns too." "Leaves a nice, wide trail to folla'." "You know what's at the end of that trail?" "Dinner." "Aang?" "Sokka?" "Hello?" "Hello?" "Can you help me?" "Mom?" "Mom!" "I can't believe..." "Aang!" "Stupid swamp!" "Dumb, ugly vines!" "Katara!" "You think you're so tough, huh?" "Hello?" "Yue?" "This is just a trick of the light...swamp gas I... hit my head running away last night." "I'm going crazy." "You didn't protect me." "Katara!" "Appa!" "Hello?" "Who are you?" "Hey, come back!" "Look at that, Tho." "Is that little hairy fellow riding' that thing?" "Naw, that's what they call a "lemoo," saw one at a travelin' show once." "Real smart they say." "Bet he tastes a lot like possum chicken." "You think everything tastes like possum chicken." "C'mon now, fellas." "Just a little closer." "Nice and easy." "Nothing to worry about." "We just fixin' to eat ya." "What'd ya say that fer?" "Well, we are!" "But you don't have to tell 'em that!" "Well how'd I know they'd understand me!" "Come on!" "Who are you?" "What do you guys think you're doing!" "?" "I've been looking all over for you!" "Well, I've been wandering around looking for you!" "I was chasing some girl." "What girl?" "I don't know." "I heard laughing and I saw some girl in a fancy dress." "Well, there must be a tea party here and we just didn't get our invitations!" "I thought I saw Mom." "Look, we were all just scared and hungry and our minds were playing tricks on us." "That's why we all saw things out here." "You saw something too?" "I thought I saw Yue." "But, that doesn't prove anything." "Look, I think about her all the time, and you saw Mom, someone you miss a lot." "What about me?" "I didn't know the girl I saw." "And all our visions led us right here." "Okay... so where's here?" "The middle of the swamp?" "Yeh, the center..." "It's the heart of the swamp, it's been calling us here, I knew it." "It's just a tree." "It can't call anyone!" "For the last time, there's nothing after us and there's nothing magical happening here." "Now what would a lemoo need a shirt fer?" "There's someone in there!" "He's bending the vines!" "Why did you call me here if you just wanted to kill us?" "Wait!" "I didn't call you here." "We were flying over and I heard something calling to me, telling me to land." "He's the Avatar." "Stuff like that happens to us... a lot." "The Avatar!" "Come with me." "So, who are you then?" "I protect the swamp from folks that want to hurt it." "Like this fellow with his big knife." "See?" "Completely reasonable." "Not a monster, just a regular guy defending his home." "Nothing mystical about it." "Oh, the swamp is a mystical place, all right." "It's sacred." "I reached enlightenment right here under the banion grove tree." "I hear it callin' me, just like you did." "Sure ya did." "It seems real chatty." "See this whole swamp is actually just one tree spread out over miles branches, spread and sink and take root and then spread some more one big living organism, just like the entire world." "I get how the tree is one big thing, but, the whole world?" "Sure." "You think you're any different from me?" "Or your friends?" "Or this tree?" "If you listen hard enough you can hear every living thing breathing together, you can feel everything growing." "We're all livin' together, even if most folks don't act like it." "We all have the same roots, and we are all branches of the same tree." "But what did our visions mean?" "In the swamp we see visions of people we've lost, people we loved folks we think are gone." "But the swamp tells us they're not." "We're still connected to 'em." "Time is an illusion and so is death." "But what about my vision?" "It was someone I had never met." "You're the Avatar." "You tell me." "Time is an illusion... so, it's... someone I will meet?" "Sorry to interrupt the lesson, but we still need to Appa and Momo." "I think I know how to find them." "Everything is connected." "Come on!" "We've got to hurry!" "Setmylinesbytheriver bed!" "Caught tenfishand Ikilled'em dead!" "Cut' emandgut'emand Itossedtheheads inthewatertokeep them catgatorsdead." "Appa!" "We're under attack!" "Hey, you guys are waterbenders!" "You too?" "That means we're kin!" "Hey Hue!" "How you been?" "You know, scared some folks, swung some vines, the usual." "Hue?" "How you like that possum chicken?" "Tastes just like arctic hen." "So why were you guys so interested in eating Appa?" "You've got plenty of those big things wandering around." "You want me to eat old Slim?" "He's like a member of the family!" "Nice Slim!" "Oh, oh, he don't eat no bugs!" "That's people food." "Where d'you say you're from?" "The South Pole." "Didn't know there was waterbenders anywhere but here." "They got a nice swamp there, do they?" "No, it' all ice and snow." "Hmm." "No wonder you left." "Well, I hope you realize now that nothing strange was going on here." "Just a bunch of greasy people living in a swamp." "What about the visions?" "I told you, we were hungry." "I'm eating a giant bug!" "But what about when the tree showed me where Appa and Momo were?" "That's Avatar stuff, that doesn't count." "The only thing I can't figure out is how you made that tornado that sucked us down." "I can't do anything like that." "I just bender the water in the plants." "Well, no accounting for weather." "Still, there's absolutely nothing mysterious about the swamp." "Who's there?" | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenSubtitles"
} |
Share this Page
Fans plan ‘Arsenal is stale’ Wenger protest
Two of Arsenal’s largest supporters’ groups have announced plans to protest during Saturday’s Premier League clash against Norwich.
The Black Scarf Movement and REDaction both released statements on Tuesday urging fans to hold up placards reading: “Time For Change. Arsenal is stale – fresh approach needed”.
The two respective websites included an image of the banner for supporters to print off and hand out ahead of the match against struggling Norwich, with plans to then hold them aloft on 12 minutes, 78 minutes and at full-time.
The timings are in reference to the 12 years since Arsenal last won the Premier League title, having dropped off the pace this season after leading the table at the turn of the year and the protest comes with Norwich visiting in front of the television cameras for Saturday’s 5:30pm kick-off.
There is also unrest at the lack of money being invested in the team by manager Arsene Wenger, despite the club having plenty of cash in reserve, while once again having the costliest season ticket is another reason for fans’ ire.
“We are seeing the same failures year after year, and amid rumours that Arsene Wenger may be given a new three-year contract there really seems to be no light at the end of the tunnel.
“(Stan) Kroenke and the Board are seemingly content with Champions League cash, so outside of finishing 4th best in the league there is no pressure at all on the manager. This isn’t good enough.”
REDaction called for the club’s supporters to be united in protest this weekend, with their own statement exclaiming: “It’s pretty clear that things aren’t right at Arsenal.
“We have an absentee owner who takes money from the club whilst not engaging with fans. We have a manager who won’t use the resources available to him, to strengthen a squad which everybody can see needs investment.
“Throw in some of the highest ticket prices in world football. And, all of the Groundhog seasons, where it’s clear that the fans’ ambitions are not matched by those in charge.
“Fans are fighting each other over what exactly is wrong and who is to blame – but it’s clear that we are in a rut, and that something needs to change.”
It has been a difficult second-half to the season for the Gunners, who now risk slipping out of the top-four having fallen below Leicester, Tottenham and Manchester City since the beginning of the year.
FA Cup defeat at home to Watford and Champions League elimination at the round of 16 stage for the sixth consecutive campaign has not helped matters – with protests in previous weeks more aimed specifically at Wenger.
Last Thursday’s home victory over West Brom was watched by a reduced crowd as fans stayed away from the Emirates Stadium, while some of those who did attend held up their own signs at full-time calling for Wenger to leave his post.
That was followed by a banner unfurled during Sunday’s goalless draw at Sunderland which declared: “Love the team, hate the regime. Stan & Wenger out.”
Wenger, 66, said last week he would not leave this summer as he will at the very least honour his contract – which expires next year – and also declared before the West Brom game that “judgement from people is something we have to live with.”
After Alexis Sanchez scored twice to give the Gunners just a fourth win in 13 games across all competitions, Wenger called on fans to “come and support the team”.
There has been no suggestion at further non-attendance but Wenger could now face the prospect of casting an eye around a full stadium all holding banners once again imploring the club to make sweeping changes. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
# Copyright (c) Open Enclave SDK contributors.
# Licensed under the MIT License.
add_enclave_library(oehostfs STATIC hostfs.c)
maybe_build_using_clangw(oehostfs)
enclave_include_directories(oehostfs PRIVATE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/syscall
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/openenclave/corelibc)
enclave_enable_code_coverage(oehostfs)
enclave_link_libraries(oehostfs PRIVATE oesyscall)
install_enclaves(
TARGETS
oehostfs
EXPORT
openenclave-targets
ARCHIVE
DESTINATION
${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/openenclave/enclave)
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Maturational differences in hepatic microhemodynamics in rats.
Age-related changes in the hepatic microcirculation may contribute to the increased susceptibility of the immature liver to microvascular injury. We quantified sinusoidal and acinar diameters, sinusoidal red cell velocities (VRBC), and sinusoidal volume flows to characterize microhemodynamics of weanling and adult rat livers with and without hepatic artery (HA) ligation using intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy. Despite a 20% faster heart rate and a nearly 20% lower mean arterial and portal vein pressure in weanling rats relative to those in the adults, weanling periportal and pericentral sinusoidal velocities were approximately 30 and 25% faster, respectively, than those in adults. Furthermore, the HA was found to contribute more to maintenance of sinusoidal VRBC in the immature liver as demonstrated by a significant decrease in both periportal and pericentral VRBC following HA ligation. HA ligation had no effect on VRBC of either zone in adults. Zonal volume flow (HA intact), however, was maintained independent of age. These results suggest a lower extrasinusoidal resistance in the weanling. The 25% shorter acinar diameter that we found in weanling livers likely contributes to a lower extrasinusoidal resistance by allowing a higher ratio of inflow vessels to volume of tissue. Shorter sinusoidal pathways in weanling livers also decreases sinusoidal resistance 1.3-fold relative to that in the adult, countering the approximately 1.5 times increase in resistance due to the smaller caliber of sinusoidal vessels so that overall sinusoidal resistance is not age-dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Comitê Carlos de Ré da Verdade e Justiça do RS (*)
Há 46 anos, numa manhã de 11 de setembro, a artilharia aérea desabou sobre o Palácio Presidencial do Governo Chileno. Ao largo do país, projéteis de todo tipo ceifaram a democracia chilena, mutilaram seu povo, abortaram uma tentativa de libertação nacional. Usadas indevidamente, as forças armadas e de segurança foram instrumentadas para o crime político, para a tortura sobre mentes e corpos, para violar a Constituição republicana.
Seu corolário foram as delegacias abarrotadas, os campos de detenção e concentração, as salas de tortura, o bombardeio de bairros, a fim de carreiras profissionais, as perseguições a militares legalistas, a relegação de opositores, os crimes sexuais, o exilio de milhares de cidadãos, o desmanche de famílias, os fuzilamentos sumários e os quase 5000 mortos e desaparecidos listados até o presente.
Emulando os crimes de lesa-humanidade praticados até então na Bolívia, no Brasil e Uruguai, o regime ilegal chileno antecipou a barbárie que seria logo depois praticada na Argentina, com o beneplácito e reconhecimento oficiais dos governos norte-americanos. Por detrás do espanto que provocaram, estas violências foram a estrada aplainada para novos projetos econômicos, batizados de neoliberais, que renovaram a espoliação do trabalho e da natureza na América Latina, centenária vítima da associação de suas castas predadoras com poderes exteriores. As fardas realizaram o serviço sujo para o enriquecimento dos enfatiotados poderosos de turno.
Um total ainda impreciso cifra entre 120 e 150 o número dos cidadãos brasileiros sequestrados naquele setembro transandino, em campos de detenção que se espalharam da nortista Arica à Temuco sulina, com maiores concentrações em Concepción e na capital Santiago. Submetidos a diversos tipos de tortura, ombrearam com bolivianos, uruguaios, argentinos e diversas outras nacionalidades na resistência e energia solidária, mantendo no alto o nome da cada uma dessas nações, ante o delito orgânico e planejado, que incluía interrogatórios e sevicias dirigidos por repressores de seus próprios países.
Em seu trabalho de Memória, Verdade e Justiça, o Comitê Carlos de Ré tem contribuído para plasmar a memória do exílio dos cerca de 6000 brasileiros no Chile, assim como sua resistência e solidariedade, pondo acento constante na comovedora solidariedade com que foram acolhidos ao refugiar-se ali. Produzindo atos públicos, emitindo boletins, realizando pesquisas acadêmicas, entrevistas com exilados, busca em acervos jornalísticos e pessoais, oferecendo entrevistas a meios de comunicação, produzindo filmes para redes sociais, cruzando dados dispersos, disponibilizando material audiovisual para uso público, publicando livros, participando de eventos no Chile, tem procurado manter viva a ideia de solidariedade entre nossos povos.
Os mais significativos destes materiais têm como destino os acervos do Museo Nacional de la Memória y Derechos Humanos, o Memorial del Estadio Nacional, e a Casa de Memória José Domingo Cañas (ex casa de Theotonio). Fruto desta comunhão de laços de amizade, o Comitê é referido nas alocuções oficiais de 2015 e 2017 no Estádio e no Museu, pela voz de seus diretores Sra. Wally Kunstmann e Francisco Estevez.
No Estádio Nacional do Chile, cerca de 120 brasileiras e brasileiros padeceram sob o tacão do opróbio. Já o número de vítimas fatais em todo o país alcança a 8 cidadãos brasileiros, num período que vai desde antes do golpe de estado até muitos meses depois, incluindo duas vítimas raptadas no exterior do Chile pela Operação Condor. No audiovisual pode assistir-se biografias de Nilton Rosa da Silva, Wanio José de Mattos, Jane Vanini, Tulio Quintiliano Cardoso, Nelson de Souza Kohl, Luiz Carlos de Almeida, Maria Regina Marcondes Pinto e Jorge Alberto Basso. Estes compatriotas nossos deixaram seu sangue e vida no Chile, por isto comungam a honra e o direito de participar dos memoriais em que o Chile democrático e humanista celebra seus mártires.
Neste dia em que se rememora a brutalidade mas se faz com muito maior empenho o elogio da resistência e solidariedade, dizemos: Nunca Mais!
Porto Alegre, 10 de setembro de 2019.
(*) Comitê Carlos de Ré da Verdade e Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul
§§§
As opiniões emitidas nos artigos publicados no espaço de opinião expressam a posição de seu autor e não necessariamente representam o pensamento editorial do Sul21. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
810 S.W.2d 515 (1991)
STATE of Missouri, ex rel. Gregory UPCHURCH, Appellant,
v.
Roy D. BLUNT, in his capacity as Secretary of State of the State of Missouri, and William L. Webster, in his capacity as Attorney General of the State of Missouri, Respondents.
No. 73376.
Supreme Court of Missouri, En Banc.
June 5, 1991.
Gregory Upchurch, pro se.
William L. Webster, Atty. Gen., James B. Deutsch, Deputy Atty. Gen., Simon B. Buckner, Asst. Atty. Gen., Jefferson City, for respondents.
COVINGTON, Judge.
Relator Gregory Upchurch appeals the dismissal by the Circuit Court of Cole County of his petition for a writ of mandamus against the Secretary of State of Missouri and for a judgment of declaration that § 116.332.1, RSMo 1986,[1] is unconstitutional. Reversed.
Relator sought to circulate for signatures an initiative petition to place a proposed amendment to the Missouri Constitution on the ballot for the November 4, 1992, general election. On November 13, 1990, relator submitted a sample petition to Secretary of State Roy D. Blunt. Section 116.332.1 requires that, before a constitutional amendment petition may be circulated for signatures, a sample sheet be submitted to the secretary of state in the form in which the petition will be circulated, for approval by the secretary of state.
On the day of receipt of the sample petition, the secretary of state notified relator that the secretary could not accept the sample petition because "[f]or the November, *516 1992 general election the earliest a sample petition may be submitted for approval is July 3, 1991." The secretary of state relied upon a subsequent requirement of § 116.332.1 that provides: "The sample petition may not be submitted to the secretary of state more than one year prior to the final date for filing the signed petition with the secretary of state."
Relator instituted this proceeding in the circuit court on November 29, 1990. The gravamen of his claim is that the one year limitation of § 116.332.1 is inconsistent with the reservation of the initiative power to the people in Article III, § 49, of the Missouri Constitution.
Respondents moved to dismiss claiming inappropriateness of mandamus to litigate the action, absence of a justiciable controversy, and constitutionality of the subject statutory provision. The trial court dismissed relator's petition. The basis for the dismissal is not evident from the record.[2] This Court reviews the matter as an appeal from the dismissal of relator's petition for declaratory judgment. The case involves the validity of the one year limitation contained in § 116.332.1. This Court has jurisdiction. Mo. Const. art. V, § 3.
Rules employed in construction of constitutional provisions are the same as those employed in construction of statutes. Crucial words must be viewed in context, and courts must assume that words were used purposefully. The selection of words as arranged by the drafters is indicative of the significance of the words employed. Boone County Court v. State, 631 S.W.2d 321, 324 (Mo. banc 1982). This Court is required to give due regard to the primary objectives of the constitutional provision under scrutiny, as viewed in harmony with all related provisions. State ex inf. of Martin v. City of Independence, 518 S.W.2d 63, 66 (Mo.1974). If a statute conflicts with a constitutional provision or provisions, this Court must hold that the statute is invalid. Rekart v. Kirkpatrick, 639 S.W.2d 606, 608 (Mo. banc 1982).
The analysis begins with the people's reservation to themselves of the "power to propose and enact or reject laws and amendments to the constitution by initiative, independent of the general assembly... except as hereinafter provided." Mo. Const. art. III, § 49. Although the constitution first reserves to the people the initiative power, the constitution by subsequent provisions involves the general assembly in the procedure of submitting initiatives. In submitting initiatives to the people, "the secretary of state and all other officers shall be governed by general laws." Mo. Const. art. III, § 53. All amendments proposed by the initiative "shall be submitted to the electors for their approval or rejection by official ballot title as may be provided by law...." Mo. Const. art. XII, § 2(b). These provisions require the application of general law, as enacted by the general assembly, to the process of submitting initiatives to the people. Presumably under authority of these constitutional provisions, the general assembly enacted laws contained in Chapter 116 relating to initiative and referendum, including § 116.332.1, at issue here.
Seeking to sustain the constitutionality of the subject statute, respondents assert that, absent constitutional direction as to the length of time during which proponents of a petition may circulate for signatures, either there is no limitation on the circulation period or the limitation must be supplied from another source. Respondents argue that, since no constitutional direction exists, the general assembly through § 116.332.1 properly supplies a limitation on the circulation period. Respondents appropriately note that a legislative body's power to enact reasonable implementations of a constitutional directive is generally recognized. Respondents also correctly contend that the Missouri General Assembly generally possesses plenary power to enact legislation, and that the legislature *517 frequently enacts time limitations to implement constitutional language. Respondents contend that the Missouri scheme is consistent with that of other states and that the history of the adoption of the initiative procedures reflects that the general assembly was expected to enact implementing legislation.
As respondents forthrightly acknowledge, each of their arguments rests upon their stated premise that the constitution is silent on the question of the period of time in which petitions can be circulated for signatures. That premise is faulty. The constitution does provide a limited period.
Constitutional provisions relating to the period of time during which petitions may be circulated for signatures are clearly framed by reference to general elections and the periods between them. The final date for obtaining signatures is established by Mo. Const. art. III, § 50: Initiative petitions proposing amendments to the constitution must be "filed with the secretary of state not less than four months before the election...." (Emphasis added). Article XII, § 2(b), fixes the date before which signatures may not be obtained: "All amendments proposed by the general assembly or by the initiative shall be submitted to the electors for their approval or rejection by official ballot title as may be provided by law, on a separate ballot without party designation, at the next general election, or at a special election called by the governor prior thereto, at which he may submit any of the amendments." (Emphasis added). Under this provision, unless a special election is called by the governor, an amendment is submitted at the next general election, and the time in which to submit the sample petition is effectively limited only by the period between general elections. Concomitantly, it is clear that the constitution permits submission of sample initiative petitions to the secretary of state from any time after one general election until four months prior to the next general election. Although the authority is not semantically explicit, the constitutional provisions are nonetheless plain in meaning.
Respondents' arguments, therefore, necessarily fail because the constitution does provide a period in which the petitions can be circulated. Any limitation of the period authorized is in conflict and invalid. That part of § 116.332.1 that limits submission to the secretary of state of a sample petition to one year prior to the final date for filing the signed petition with the secretary, and thereby shortens the time authorized by the constitution during which the constitutional amendment petition may be circulated for signatures, is invalid.
The judgment is reversed.
BLACKMAR, C.J., and ROBERTSON, RENDLEN, HIGGINS, HOLSTEIN, JJ., and TURNAGE, Special Judge, concur.
NOTES
[1] All statutory references are to RSMo 1986, unless otherwise indicated.
[2] Respondents contend that the trial court did not decide this case on the merits and declare that they reserve the right to assert additional defenses at a later time. Respondents' position on the merits is ably and comprehensively presented, and this Court is sufficiently prepared to construe the relevant constitutional provisions and the statute at issue.
| {
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
} |
Q:
All UPPERCASE to SentenceCase
I have a database that has tables in all CAPITALS eg - TABLENAME.
In my tt file I want to convert these to names to Sentence Case eg - TableName
Has anyone had any success in doing this before?
If all else failed I guess i could capitalise the first letter eg - Tablename would be better than all capitals.
A:
What you mean is the camel case but in your case it's not possible as your program can't possibly guess whether it should be TableName or TablenAme, unless you teach your application all the words in English, at least the ones that are mostly used in software engineering. The .NET Humanizr does something different from what you need, it breaks (well the String extension) long words like "TheVariableThatKeepsNumberOfAttempts" into separate words to create a human readable sentence. But as you can see, this word itself follows camel-case pattern and it's not hard to instruct the program to split the word from where the letters are capital.
If it's not too late, you can change your table names from TABLENAME to TABLE_NAME, so that you can easily do what you want on the code side.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
In Josh Malerman's creepy horror novel Bird Box, Malorie and her two children haven't left the house in years, hiding out from a thing that, when seen, drives the viewer to crazed violence. Malorie decides to flee, and, blindfolded, she and her children sail down the river, followed all the while by the thing. This is Malerman's first novel (his day job is lead singer and guitarist for the band High Strung), but it's tightly written and full of an almost unbearable suspense. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
50 years later, King assassination remembered as end of 'innocent optimism'
Neal Simpson The Patriot Ledger @nsimpson_ledger
Wednesday
Apr 4, 2018 at 7:00 PMApr 4, 2018 at 8:10 PM
A half-century ago today, Stephen London was at an evening event at a school in Wellesley when a school administrator came onto the stage and shared the news: The man London had traveled to Washington D.C. five years earlier to see, and with whom he'd later worked in the poor neighborhoods of Chicago, had been shot dead on a motel balcony in Memphis.
"For me, there was grieving, but also frustration," London, a Quincy native who went on to have a long career as a sociology professor at Simmons College in Boston, said. "I saw this in a larger context of the failure of the civil rights movement to implement so many of its goals, the hopes and aspirations that King himself had."
The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968, was just one shock delivered that year to a nation already reeling from seismic shifts in culture, politics, music and art, as what would later become known as the Baby Boomer generation left the shelter of their parents' homes and entered a world they were eager to change.
More than 16,000 Americans had already died in Vietnam by the start of 1968, and the front pages of The Patriot Ledger regularly carried news of the the deaths of local soldiers, as the war entered a year that would prove to be its bloodiest. And a nation still mourning the loss of its young president in 1963 would soon see his younger brother, Bobby Kennedy, gunned down in a hotel kitchen while King's assassin was still on the run.
For many Baby Boomers engaged in the civil rights movement and other progressive causes of the 1960s, King's death was singularly devastating. For them, King was not only a pioneer of social justice and non-violent resistance, but a moral leader at time when it appeared that America had lost its way. It was, in the words of Weymouth native and retired federal Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agent Bill Murphy, the end of "innocent optimism."
"When Dr. King was assassinated, it kind of devastated me," said Murphy, one of four Patriot Ledger readers who met Tuesday for the first in a year-long series of round-table discussions about the defining events and themes of 1968, which Time magazine has declared "the year that shaped a generation."
King was two years into a campaign to desegregate northern cities, including Boston, when he came to Memphis in 1968 to march alongside black sanitation workers who were captured in iconic photographs marching with signs declaring, "I AM A MAN." After a demonstration in March that turned violent, King returned to Memphis on April 3 and delivered what would be his last speech, declaring that, like Moses, he had been "up to the mountain" and seen the promised land.
"I may not get there with you,' he said, prophetically. "But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the promised land."
The following evening, King was preparing to go to the home of a Memphis minister for dinner when he stepped out on the floor of his second-floor balcony at the Lorainne Motel to talk to a group of organizers in the parking lot below. As he did, a single bullet fired from across the street hit the side of King's face and pierced his aorta. He was pronounced dead the following day.
As word of King's death spread, violence erupted in more than 100 cities across the country, leaving 46 people dead, all but five of them black. Property damage was estimated at over $50 million and 28,000 people were arrested. Army troops and the National Guard were mobilized to quell the violence.
In Boston, after a night of scattered violence, city officials convinced singer James Brown to allow his scheduled April 5 concert to be broadcast live on Channel 2 to keep people in their homes and off the street. The city was quiet that night.
Sen. Robert Kennedy, on the fourth day of his campaign for president, appealed for calm in a speech in a black neighborhood of Indianapolis. Kennedy referred to the assassination of his brother, President John F. Kennedy four-and-a-half years earlier, and urged his audience to avoid becoming polarized and filled with hatred.
"Or we can make an effort, as Martin Luther King did, to understand and to comprehend, and to replace that violence, that stain of bloodshed that has spread across our land, with an effort to understand with compassion and love," Kennedy said.
Murphy, then a student at American University in Washington, D.C., found himself trapped in his dormitory with friends visiting from Weymouth as the city erupted in riots. National Guard troops were called in. For several days, Murphy said his friends mostly ate canned spaghetti and barbecue sauce heated up in dormitory kitchenette, as outside DC burned. When they finally left, Murphy remember finding sandbag machine-gun nests stationed on the National Mall.
"I'll never forget it," he said.
ASSASSINATION TIMELINE
March 28, 1968: Martin Luther King Jr. leads about 6,000 people in a march in support of black sanitation workers striking in Memphis. King is rushed from the scene after the march descends into looting and violence.
April 3: King flies back to Memphis to lead a second march and delivers what becomes his last speech, known as the "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech.
April 4: After the march, King steps out onto the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis and is hit by a single bullet fired from across the street.
April 9: King is buried in Atlanta.
June 8: James Earl Ray is arrested at Heathrow Airport in London and charged with King's murder.
But on the South Shore, which then, as now, was home to relatively few black families, the tumult following King's death felt distant to some, compared to the other events that would rock the country that year. Cathy Mahoney, a Quincy native who spent many of those years looking after her young siblings after their father died and left them parentless, said she does not recall King's assassination as clearly as the deaths of President John F. Kennedy five years earlier or Sen. Robert Kennedy several weeks later.
But for Murphy, London and others engaged in the civil rights struggle, King's assassination transformed them. "There’s not a single day that goes by now that I don't think about him," London said.
A half-century later, amid regular reports of unarmed black men being shot by police and persistent wage gaps between whites and blacks, there is a sense among some on the South Shore that King's work is largely unfinished. Some say that those who harbor racist views have only become louder and more emboldened in recent years.
But others, like Quincy resident Sandy Eaton, said they see the legacy of King's dream in movements like Occupy, Black Lives Matter, #MeToo and, most recently, the March for Our Lives.
Communities
Original content available for non-commercial use under a Creative Commons license, except where noted.
Wicked Local East Bridgewater ~ 1324 Belmont St., Unit 102, Brockton, MA 02301 ~ Privacy Policy ~ Terms Of Service | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Coquelet
Coquelet can mean:
Coquelet, a type of multiple frequency-shift keying signal
Coquelet, another name for a poussin (chicken) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
The largest database in 2019 with thousands of free essays online for college and high schools ➜ Find essays by subject & topics.
What is an action research paper
Feb
27
2019
Off
Iii. State the hypotheses 2. Method 3 Finding the Perfect Thesis. Picking the best topic for your academic paper what is an action research paper takes some effort and time. View this post on Instagram Edexcel biology a level coursework dijous, 31 gener 2019 Dear Twitpic Community – thank 50 essays book online you for what is an action research paper all the wonderful indo european hypothesis photos you have algebra 2 math problems taken over the years The biology a2 coursework edexcel exemplar of both white and repressed A-Level pencils demand that you really. Zoek naar psychology paper. Single parents do face several different niagara university application essay challenges because of being top ghostwriters the solitary provider for their children Essay about Single Mothers My decision to become a single mother has been hard for me because I have to take care of myself while caring for my two year old daughter at the same time, without that much help The single parent needs to have a positive outlook by being responsible on all the duties he/she faces, making the family number one priority, being outspoken with kids, taking care of themselves and still maintain family relationships or traditions Join Now for Free!College Admission Essay: Being a young single mother in today’s society is challenging but with the help of government assistance single mothers are findingAbout 16% of children are raised by a single mother due to divorce, neglect and separation from their former spouse Single Parent Essay Abstract 2010.pg348). should be a security pact of all the European countries and the United States in which both. Just remember to be original and creative as you share your story Zoek naar college essays op de nieuwe KensaQ.com. veilig daten doe je hier. The expository thesis statement lists the aspects of the topic that will be developed in the order in which they will be discussed The conclusion of your expository essay should not just restate the thesis statements and the main points that you have all across your essay. All students in ENG 100, 180, and 280 are eligible to enter texas history essay contest essay on child kidnapping how to plan the perfect party essay essay writing for english tests ielts primary essays in english i know what you did last summer essay A Canadian woman is offering to gift her $1.7 million estate to the person who writes the most compelling essay on why they'd like to live in the home Youth Tour Essay Contest Win an all-expense-paid trip to Washington, D.C.!
Tips for writing a great essay
Soikowski research paper carinthian tech research papers the pedestrian essay symbolism of water computer what is an action research paper essay 150 words a minute architecture graduate essay for admission cp4101 bcom dissertation proposal. TITLE: e.g., Phonological patterning of English loan words in Tongan. You can use some useful words and phrases below to write a great economics thesis topics philippines essay to get high score in your exam. Even though school and training are. College Board is the company that manages the SAT, and it offers plenty of helpful resources. Vergelijk datingwebsites en maak een keuze. Write My Essay We are the most trusted essay what is an action research paper writing service. Want to stop trading your time for money? (I'll be using the. Gaining entrance to just about any college or university continues to get harder as more and more applicants are applying for a limited number of spaces Sample Excellent College Application Essay #6. Give us your task and we will do it perfectly! Various methods of starch treatment were compared. By buying papers from our personal statement writing service you guarantee you have a good custom written personal statement to follow and can concentrate on expressing your ideas without being afraid to make a blatant mistake An essay is a structured piece of writing that deals with a particular subject. For better or for worse, divorce is a very common event these days. Dec 1, most of people. It looks like you've lost connection to our server Was the Mexican-American War Justified? Boek nu, betaal later & bespaar!. An uninteresting topic will cause a lack of motivation to write the thesis. The argumentative synthesis essay focuses on expressing and proving your point of view Learning how to write a good synthesis essay requires extensive research on the topic in question. Vergelijk datingwebsites en maak een keuze. The Modern Language Association (MLA) citation style is used for journals and research what is an action research paper papers in the humanities. Gratis Retourneren.. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Q:
Not repeating the function once waypoint reached
Here is the JS for the waypoint call and graph bar function. It repeats every time the waypoint is reached and I would like it to recognise that the waypoint has been reached once already ad not to repeat function. Thanks for your help. :)
$.getScript('http://imakewebthings.com/jquery-waypoints/waypoints.min.js', function() {
$('#jack_bellamy').waypoint(function() {
setTimeout(function start (){
$('.bar').each(function(i)
{
var $bar = $(this);
$(this).append('<span class="count"></span>')
setTimeout(function(){
$bar.css('width', $bar.attr('data-percent'));
}, i*100);
});
$('.count').each(function () {
$(this).prop('Counter',0).animate({
Counter: $(this).parent('.bar').attr('data-percent')
}, {
duration: 2000,
easing: 'swing',
step: function (now) {
$(this).text(Math.ceil(now) +'%');
}
});
});
}, 500)
});
});
A:
If you don't want a waypoint to keep triggering you can destroy it. To ensure it only runs once, you can destroy it at the end of your handler. The this keyword refers to the waypoint instance you can call destroy on within the handler.
$('#jack_bellamy').waypoint(function() {
// all that animation stuff you mentioned
this.destroy();
});
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
How to open the terminal from inside a snap application?
When i am trying to open my repo in the terminal from the Gitkraken GUI. It states:
There is no terminal configured in your settings. Would you like to configure your terminal now?
Next, I manually set the gnome terminal as custom terminal command with gnome-terminal %d. The keyword %d should be replaced with the repo path. Running this in a terminal works. However in Gitkraken i get:
Command failed. gnome-terminal path/to/repo /bin/sh
1: gnome-terminal: not-found
How do i setup gnome terminal as the default terminal for gitkraken. I am running Ubuntu 18.04.
Edit:
I see that GitKraken is runnig inside a snap. I have broaden the question to how to run a linux command from inside a snap.
A:
Today i learned about snap confinement.
A snap’s confinement level is the degree of isolation it has from your
system.
To allow access to your system’s resources in much the same way traditional packages do You should install the snap with the --classic parameter.
snap install gitkraken --classic
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Detection and distribution patterns of telomerase activity in insects.
Telomeres of most insects consist of pentanucleotide (TTAGG)n repeats, although the repeats are absent in Diptera and some other insect species, where the telomere regions are perhaps maintained without telomerase. To understand various and unusual telomere formation in insects, we have studied the characteristic features of a putative insect telomerase that has not been previously described. Using a modified telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP), we first detected the telomerase activity in crickets, cockroaches and two Lepidopteran insects. The telomerase from crickets and cockroaches required dATP, dGTP and dTTP but not dCTP as a substrate and sequence analyses of the products of TRAP revealed that the (TTAGG)n repeats are synthesized by telomerase. The cockroach telomerase was detected both in somatic (fat body, muscle and neural tissues) and germ line (testis) cells, suggesting that expression of this enzyme is not regulated in a tissue-specific manner at an adult stage. While we detected high levels of telomerase activity in crickets and cockroaches, we could not detect activity in all tissues and cell cultures of the silkworm, Bombyx mori and in two Drosophila and one Sarcophaga cell lines. This supports the theory that Dipteran insects maintain their telomeres without telomerase. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Q:
Good strategy to handle dependencies between sequential pull requests
Bob clones the project and creates a local branch A from master.
Bob adds some useful helper classes cleaning/refactoring unit tests setups and clean all exising tests thanks to them.
Bob commits, pushes to remote server, then creates a pull request in order to get a code review of this refactoring from John.
John, leading the project, is busy for a week so can't review it immediately.
After asking for code review, Bob wants to write some brand new test files and set of classes ending up with another separated pull request since it is considered as working on a new feature.
Obviously, Bob wants to use his new helpers for those test files.
Which strategy to adopt:
For those new unit tests, Bob should create a B branch derived from master and not A since A has not being reviewed yet. Drawback is that he can't use his unit test helpers yet since not existing in B.
Bob should wait for the code review of the first pull request, merge to master, and then derive B from master. During this time, he should focus on other works that do not depend on his previous pull request.
Bob should derived Bfrom A and use those helpers, taking the risk that A won't be accepted after review. Obviously leading to a rejection of B.
John should shake his ass and as a good leader, should review the first pull request in a short time so that Bob can chain.
What is a good practice to handle dependencies between multiple pull requests in series?
A:
It’s unnecessary to depend and wait your current pull request(PR) on previous ones. For your situation, Bob wants to continue develop/test something based on branch A after a processing PR (issued and not approved yet). He just need to develop the code on branch A, and then commit & push to remote. The PR which merge branch A into master will automatically contains Bob’s second time changes.
So for the multiple PR situation, if you want to update the branch which has already in a pull request, you just need to commit & push changes, the previous PR can update automatically. If you want to update the branch which is not contains in a processing PR, you need to commit & push changes and then create a new PR, and it has no effect on the previous processing PR.
If you just want to add some tiny changes or the feature itself, you should make changes on branch A and use the processing PR. If you need to develop new features, you should make changes on a new feature branch and create a new PR.
For Bob’s condition, developing new feature and need to use helpers on branch A, so he should derive branch B from A even A is not reviewed yet. Because developers need to consider how to develop new function and it’s not efficient to develop new feature until the previous PR is approved. Or if your team really need to use this way, you can still derive B from A and rebase branch B for your needs.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Ask HN: Looking for few testers for my website & associated open-source darknet? - mikeliu8
I'm a dual-class programmer/lawyer who's decided to use my powers for good. I've made an open-source system to let you copy/lend/share files and media privately with friends. It plugs into a site where you can add friends and recommend stuff to them.<p>The website is called LibraryMixer. The open-source system is called the Mixologist.<p>Many have tried before to create software that builds darknets (decentralized, private networks that connect only to your friends). However, darknets have a lot of difficulties that have kept them from being user-friendly enough to gain traction.<p>I've designed a hybrid system where basic, non-sensitive information such as friends lists are handled through the website, and adding friends or notifying them of your activity is as easy as using Facebook, while all of the communications and file transfers over the Mixologist are direct, encrypted P2P connections and still fully decentralized and private.<p>The real benefits emerge when you add reviews and lists of what you have or want on Librarymixer, highlighting them for your friends. The world of media is oversaturated with interesting stuff out there, making the problem not how you should get stuff you want, but how you should find the wheat among the chaff. When used together, LibraryMixer and the Mixologist offer the integrated experience of recommending music or videos or books to your friends via your reviews, and if they're interested, the ability to immediately ask to get those from you using the Mixologist via a single click on LibraryMixer.<p>It's also possible to just drag-and-drop entire folders on your computer into the Mixologist, which your friends can then browse. Or, if you're purely interested in the media reviews and listings, LibraryMixer itself is a fully functional, independent website, and you don't even have to install or use the Mixologist at all.<p>Unlike past P2P file sharing services that have realistically only had minimal non-copyright infringing uses, this system provides a whole range of other functionality besides just sending copies of files, such as lending and borrowing files, responding with automatic messages (think: "Got your request, will bring it next time I see you."), privately browsing and downloading from your friends' personal collections such as their photos, etc. In this sense, like GMail or instant messengers that are neutral tools, it makes it possible to treat users as adults and place the responsibility of staying within legal limits on the users of the tool. In other words, like back when we had VCRs (if you guys still remember what those are), the VCR had the capacity to record ten thousand copies of that Blockbuster video tape you rented, but at the end of the day, it was only you that prevented yourself from doing that.<p>I'm hoping for a small group of tech-savvy volunteers to help test this before I launch. Testers would add each other as friends on LibraryMixer and also use the Mixologist for a week or so to give me some honest, substantive feedback.<p>If this goes anywhere at all in the future, you'll be sure to get some sort of special recognition for helping alpha test.<p>I'd be super grateful if any of you would be willing to help out, and I can set you up with an account if you email me at mikeliu@librarymixer.com.
======
nyellin
Remove your html tags and add double lines for newlines.
~~~
mikeliu8
Thanks, fixed.
| {
"pile_set_name": "HackerNews"
} |
Development of a species-specific isotope dilution GC-ICP-MS method for the determination of thiophene derivates in petroleum products.
A species-specific isotope dilution technique for accurate determination of sulfur species in low- and high-boiling petroleum products was developed by coupling capillary gas chromatography with quadrupole ICP-MS (GC-ICP-IDMS). For the isotope dilution step 34S-labeled thiophene, dibenzothiophene, and mixed dibenzothiophene/4-methyldibenzothiophene spike compounds were synthesized on the milligram scale from elemental 34S-enriched sulfur. Thiophene was determined in gasoline, 'sulfur-free' gasoline, and naphtha. By analyzing reference material NIST SRM 2296, the accuracy of species-specific GC-ICP-IDMS was demonstrated by an excellent agreement with the certified value. The detection limit is always limited by the background noise of the isotope chromatograms and was determined for thiophene to be 7 pg absolute, which corresponds to 7 ng sulfur/g sample under the experimental conditions used. Dibenzothiophene and 4-methyldibenzothiophene were determined in different high-boiling petroleum products like gas oil, diesel fuel, and heating oil. In this case a large concentration range from about < 0.04 to more than 2,000 microg g(-1) was covered for both sulfur species. By parallel GC-ICP-MS and GC-EI-MS experiments (EI-MS electron impact ionization mass spectrometry) the substantial influence of co-eluting hydrocarbons on the ICP-MS sulfur signal was demonstrated, which can significantly affect results obtained by external calibration but not those by the isotope dilution technique. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Q:
Make order by with Query in AOT
I have made a query in AOT. My goal is to print information using Group by "CustGroup" and Order by "count(RecId)" desc of CustTable table. The group by works properly, but the order by does not. I can not understand why...
This is what my query looks like:
This is code I use:
Static void Query(Args _args)
{
QueryRun qr;
CustTable myCustTable;
;
qr = new QueryRun(queryStr(MyQuery));
while(qr.next())
{
myCustTable = qr.get(tableNum(CustTable));
info(strFmt("Group %1 Num %2", myCustTable.Custgroup, myCustTable.RecId));
}
}
The result is:
A:
AX does not sort by Count(RecId) but by the grouping.
You can solve your problem by dragging your query to a new view, then doing the sort on the count field of the view. You can also define the view without a query.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
1. The Field of the Invention
The invention relates to network-based instant connect telecommunication. More particularly, the invention relates to managing incoming voice data by allowing the recipient to apply various answer modes in network-based instant connect communications.
2. The Relevant Technology
Mobile telephones are some of the most common communication devices in use today. As the popularity of mobile telephones and other telephony-enabled wireless devices such as personal digital assistants increases, the ways in which these devices are used also grows. One application of mobile telephone technology is to use mobile telephones as if they were two-way radio devices or “walkie-talkies.” The ability to use mobile telephones as walkie-talkies is often referred to as “push-to-talk”. Communication in a push-to-talk system can be one-to-one or one-to-many. One example of a push-to-talk system is Nextel's iDEN-based Push to Talk® (also known as Direct Connect™) service.
Push-to-talk systems are typically implemented using standard voice-over Internet protocol (VoIP) technologies or other telephony technologies, where voice data is sent in digital form over data networks. Such push-to-talk systems are hereinafter referred to as “network-based instant connect systems”, and they can be deployed in various networks, including wireless and wireline networks.
Network-based instant connect communication allows a sender to speak to a recipient without the customary procedure of dialing a telephone number and waiting for the recipient to answer. Network-based instant connect communication services combine the convenience of near-instantaneous connection between users with the range and security afforded by a network. Once an instant connect session is established over the network, the voice data transmitted from a sender is played on the recipient's device without any action on the part of the recipient. This is in contrast to a regular telephone call where the recipient is required to manually respond to a ringing telephone.
Because network-based instant connect calls are designed to mimic walkie-talkie communication, the communication channel is used in a half-duplex manner, meaning that voice data can only flow in one direction at a time. The ability to transmit voice data is often referred to as “having the floor”. In a network-based instant connect communication, the sender typically sends a floor request signal to a server in the network by pressing the talk button on a suitably enabled wireless device. Once the floor is granted, the sender may speak to the recipient until the talk button is released. The recipient of the voice data who does not have the floor can merely receive the voice data and cannot take the floor until the sender relinquishes the floor.
As noted above, one general feature of network-based instant connect communications is that, if the recipient's device is powered on and is in a mode to accept incoming calls, any incoming network-based instant connect calls result in the recipient's device automatically outputting voice data. While this can be desirable in some situations, there may be times when the recipient does not want to immediately hear incoming voice data or to otherwise be interrupted by an instant connect call. For example, while the recipient may not want to risk missing an important communication by powering off the device, at the same time the recipient may not want others to hear the incoming voice data from an instant connect communication or may be in a situation where the unexpected activation of the recipient's device in response to an incoming instant connect communication would be considered an interruption. Thus, automatically outputting the voice data associated with instant connect communications may sometimes be inconvenient or undesirable. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
About
Dark Commandos
September 25, 2007
Dark Commandos ("DC") is a live-action Internet series about a team of vampires working as an elite covert assassination and special ops unit for the United States government. Naturally this is a highly secret group. Their identities and very existence are known only to a handful of top brass, and their orders come directly from the Oval Office. The group has been active for more than half a century, since their original member -- a then five hundred year old vampire -- was captured from the Nazis, who had first pursued the myth of his existence and finally found him buried in Europe. America's plans for this creature of the night were not unlike Hitler's scheme: to raise an "Undead Brigade" -- a nearly invincible team of soldiers possessing devastating supernatural powers.
NON GAGE: Known simply as "Non", he is the leader of the Undead Brigade. Though he appears to be a man in his early thirties, he is actually over 500 years old. His story has never been told in full, but his file indicates that he was a Knight fighting during the Crusades when he was turned into a vampire. He served the vampire who had turned him for several years, until, sickened by the man's unrelenting brutality, he fled, and survived on the run for the next several centuries. An unexpected meeting with his progenitor -- whose ability to hold a grudge was unparalleled -- resulted in Non being forcefully buried in Austria in the mid 1800s, and left there -- presumably forever. During World War II, forces of the Third Reich discovered Non's amazingly preserved body and brought him to Adolph Hitler's top secret "Theosophic Research" facility. There, Nazi scientists sampled Non's blood and endeavored to use it to create an undead army. Their experiments produced some hideous false starts, but Hitler's vision was still unrealized when Non was "rescued" by a team of American Commandos. Non was brought to the United States, where a deal was offered to him. In exchange for the promise of an anti-vampire "cure" if one could be engineered from his DNA, Non would create and lead a team which would become known as the Dark Commandos...a supposedly more noble American incarnation of the Nazi plan to deploy vampire soldiers. Despite what he is, Non remains a decent and spiritual man, who amazingly continues to practice his Catholic faith. On the one hand, Non would love nothing more than final death, but in the back of his mind is the fear that he would be denied entrance into the Holy Kingdom. The alternative is too frightening to contemplate. Information on additional members of the team, as well as more episodes, will be coming soon.
The Dark Commandos ("DC") are a team of vampires working as an elite covert assassination and special ops unit for the United States government. Naturally this is a highly secret group. Their identities and very existence are known only to a handful of top brass, and their orders come directly from the Oval Office. The group has been active for more than half a century, since their original member -- a then five hundred year old vampire -- was captured from the Nazis, who had first pursued the myth of his existence and finally found him buried in Europe. America's plans for this creature of the night were not unlike Hitler's scheme: to raise an "Undead Brigade" -- a nearly invincible team of soldiers possessing devastating supernatural powers.
NON GAGE: Known simply as "Non", he is the leader of the Undead Brigade. Though he appears to be a man in his early thirties, he is actually over 500 years old. His story has never been told in full, but his file indicates that he was a Knight fighting during the Crusades when he was turned into a vampire. He served the vampire who had turned him for several years, until, sickened by the man's unrelenting brutality, he fled, and survived on the run for the next several centuries. An unexpected meeting with his progenitor -- whose ability to hold a grudge was unparalleled -- resulted in Non being forcefully buried in Austria in the mid 1800s, and left there -- presumably forever. During World War II, forces of the Third Reich discovered Non's amazingly preserved body and brought him to Adolph Hitler's top secret "Theosophic Research" facility. There, Nazi scientists sampled Non's blood and endeavored to use it to create an undead army. Their experiments produced some hideous false starts, but Hitler's vision was still unrealized when Non was "rescued" by a team of American Commandos. Non was brought to the United States, where a deal was offered to him. In exchange for the promise of an anti-vampire "cure" if one could be engineered from his DNA, Non would create and lead a team which would become known as the Dark Commandos...a supposedly more noble American incarnation of the Nazi plan to deploy vampire soldiers. Despite what he is, Non remains a decent and spiritual man, who amazingly continues to practice his Catholic faith. On the one hand, Non would love nothing more than final death, but in the back of his mind is the fear that he would be denied entrance into the Holy Kingdom. The alternative is too frightening to contemplate.
August 04, 2007
Continuing where Episode One left off (and if you haven't seen it, go to the Dark Commandos section of this blog -- we'll wait), the vampire Dreyfuss extracts some information from Dwight regarding the kidnapping of the vice president's daughter. Needless to say, Dreyfuss has some unique tools of extraction at his disposal.
July 23, 2007
Online Entertainment magazine offered up a behind the scenes look at the making of Dark Commandos, tracing the show's origins and interviewing key players. Clicking below will bring you to a pdf version of that article, which is available for downloading.
July 22, 2007
In Episode 1 of Dark Commandos, the kidnapping of the Vice-President's daughter entangles the kidnappers, the police, and the Undead Brigade in a high speed chase. It's wall-to-wall action from the very first frame, as a careening van dodges police cars and helicopters, until -- years before Bruce Willis did it bigger and better (and for about a hundred million dollars more) -- an airborne car actually takes down a helicopter. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Home of the Original Camo Rings
Showcase your love of the outdoors with a beautiful outdoor themed or camo ring from Titanium-Buzz. Our original collection of outdoor rings is the first of its kind and includes a variety of designs for hunters, fishers, hikers, and more. The rings are made from lightweight materials like titanium or zirconium, and many styles include decorative inlays of authentic Realtree and Mossy Oak camouflage. Wear your ring while you hunt or subtly show off your passion for the outdoors at the office.
We carry camo wedding rings for men and women in a wide range of styles and sizes to suit every personality. Not sure what size wedding rings to order? No problem, head over to our ring sizing page for information on finding the correct size and what to do if your ring doesn't fit. We offer 1/4 sizes for most styles upon request to ensure that you get the perfect fit.
Exclusive Selections Featuring Realtree and Mossy Oak
Our Realtree and Mossy Oak Camo Rings match the camo you wear in the woods, but at home they'll do anything but blend in. These rings feature authentic Realtree and Mossy Oak camouflage that has been licensed through partnerships with Jordan Outdoors and Hass Outdoors for an authentic camo look. Every camo inlay is taken from a different swatch of camo, so no two of our rings are exactly alike.
Pick out one of our men's camo wedding rings to show your devotion to the hunt at the altar and every day after you say "I do." These truly unique camo wedding bands are all about celebrating your rustic sense of style. If you plan to stand at the altar in your favorite camo vest and tie - no judgment, by the way - then you're a prime candidate for one of these camo men's wedding bands from this authentic collection by Titanium-Buzz. Hunting boots and rifle optional at the altar.
We also have outdoor-themed and camo wedding rings for the ladies at Titanium-Buzz. Surprise your favorite outdoorsy lady when you get down on one knee with a pink camouflage wedding ring or something with an edgy, antler inlay. But don't worry, these ladies' styles can be ordered with plenty of bling, too. She'll be happy to show her traditional-meets-edgy sense of style one of our diamond camouflage wedding rings equipped with a sparkly center stone.
Made to Go with You on Intense Hunts
Our hunting scene and animal track rings are beautifully detailed and perfect for everyday use. Wear the tracks of your favorite prey or choose one of our intricate hunting scene rings featuring fishers, hunters, and outdoor landscapes. With so many designs to choose from, there's something for every type of outdoor enthusiast.
Whether you pick a stylish camo wedding ring or opt for a day-to-day style that celebrates your personality, you can be sure that these rings will endure. We offer outdoor rings made of rugged titanium, black zirconium, carbon fiber, Damascus steel, and other long-lasting wedding bands materials. If you pick one of our cool titanium outdoor rings, you can expect unrivaled durability, scratch-resistance and exceptional strength. In other words, these babies will stand up to the heat, even on sweat-inducing adventures.
Have other questions about how to get into the hunt? Give us a call toll-free at 1-866-215-1862 or simply send us an email.
Explore all available styles of wedding bands for men to find the most impressive ones.
Find Out More about Our Camo Rings | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Q:
angular2 - Change color button dynamically
I am creating an application in angular 2 and typescript.
I want to put some background color in my buttons depending on an variable.
<div>
<button md-button>1. Choose travel</button>
<button md-button>2. Choose seats</button>
<button md-button>3. Fill data</button>
<button md-button>4. Pay</button>
</div>
I have a variable in my component:
currentStep: number = 1; //1 Select travel, 2 Choose seats, 3 Fill data, 4 Pay
And for example, I want that when the currentStep is equal to 3, the third button change his background color to blue.
Which is the best way to achieve this ?
Thank you.
A:
You can use ngClass:
[ngClass]="{'fill-data-btn': currentStep == 3 }"
In you css:
.fill-data-btn{
background-color: blue;
}
Just to give you an idea.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
Writing partition for quicksort in scheme
I am having a lot of trouble with writing scheme...
I am trying to write quicksort using scheme. I have seen tons of answers but they don't really make any sense to me and this is mostly because I barely understand functional programming at all.
I have defined my pivot like this:
(define (pivot lis)
(car lis))
That works fine (and is easy to write..)
For my understanding of the partition function, you have the original list and then you split it into 2 new lists, one that contains values larger than the pivot, and one that contains values smaller or equal to the pivot.
This is how I've tried to implement it:
(define (partition lis)
(if (null? lis) '())
(else (lambda (lis1 lis2)
(if (< (car lis) pivot) append lis1)
(partition (append lis2)))))
This is the error I'm getting:
. else: not allowed as an expression in: (else (lambda (lis1 lis2) (if (< (car lis) pivot) append lis1) (partition (append lis2))))
I am not really sure how to do this, any ideas on how I can make this work? Or is my reasoning off?
A:
(define (partition ls)
(partition-aux ls (pivot ls) '() '()))
(define (parition-aux ls pivot smaller larger)
(cond
((empty? ls) (list smaller larger))
((< (car ls) pivot)
(parition-aux (cdr ls) pivot (cons (car ls) smaller) larger))
(else
(partition-aux (cdr ls) pivot smaller (cons (car ls) larger)))))
you need to define another function to do the job. because you need 2 more arguments to hold the list of smaller and larger numbers. This is one way of doing it. there are other ways that are shorter to type. but I wanted to be explicit.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Q:
ES6 Set, WeakSet, Map and WeakMap
There is already some questions about map and weak maps, like this: What's the difference between ES6 Map and WeakMap? but I would like to ask in which situation should I favor the use of these data structures? Or what should I take in consideration when I favor one over the others?
Examples of the data structures from:https://github.com/lukehoban/es6features
// Sets
var s = new Set();
s.add("hello").add("goodbye").add("hello");
s.size === 2;
s.has("hello") === true;
// Maps
var m = new Map();
m.set("hello", 42);
m.set(s, 34);
m.get(s) == 34;
// Weak Maps
var wm = new WeakMap();
wm.set(s, { extra: 42 });
wm.size === undefined
// Weak Sets
var ws = new WeakSet();
ws.add({ data: 42 });
// Because the added object has no other references, it will not be held in the set
Bonus. Which of the above data structures will produce the same/similar result of doing: let hash = object.create(null); hash[index] = something;
A:
This is covered in §23.3 of the specification:
If an object that is being used as the key of a WeakMap key/value pair is only reachable by following a chain of references that start within that WeakMap, then that key/value pair is inaccessible and is automatically removed from the WeakMap.
So the entries in a weak map, if their keys aren't referenced by anything else, will be reclaimed by garbage collection at some point.
In contrast, a Map holds a strong reference to its keys, preventing them from being garbage-collected if the map is the only thing referencing them.
MDN puts it like this:
The key in a WeakMap is held weakly. What this means is that, if there are no other strong references to the key, then the entire entry will be removed from the WeakMap by the garbage collector.
And WeakSet does the same.
...in which situation should I favor the use of this data structures?
Any situation where you don't want the fact you have a map/set using a key to prevent that key from being garbage-collected.
One example of when you might use this would be to have instance-specific information which was truly private to the instance, which looks like this:
let Thing = (() => {
var privateData = new WeakMap();
class Thing {
constructor() {
privateData[this] = {
foo: "some value"
};
}
doSomething() {
console.log(privateData[this].foo);
}
}
return Thing;
})();
There's no way for code outside that scoping function to access the data in privateData. That data is keyed by the instance itself. You wouldn't do that without a WeakMap because if you did you'd have a memory leak, your Thing instances would never be cleaned up. But WeakMap only holds weak references, and so if your code using a Thing instance is done with it and releases its reference to the instance, the WeakMap doesn't prevent the instance from being garbage-collected; instead, the entry keyed by the instance is removed from the map.
Which of the above data structures will produce the same/similar result of doing: let hash = Object.create(null); hash[index] = something;
That would be nearest to Map, because the string index (the property name) will be held by a strong reference in the object (it and its associated property will not be reclaimed if nothing else references it).
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
package com.xixiciTest
import com.xixici.P10
import org.scalatest.FunSuite
/**
* Created by xixici
* Date: 2019/3/13
* Project Name: sword-offer-scala-sbt
* Project URL: https://github.com/xixici/sword-offer-scala
**/
class P10Test extends FunSuite {
test("P10Test") {
val Expected = 5
val Actual = P10.RectCover(4)
assert(Expected === Actual)
}
} | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Wellington Rape Crisis
Wellington Rape Crisis is a support centre for survivors of rape and sexual abuse, their families and friends. It was founded in 1977 as part of a wave of foundations across New Zealand in the early to mid 1970s. Their work includes advocacy, education for public and counselling for survivors. In 2008 Wellington Rape Crisis received charitable status from the Charities Commission.
Advocacy
Wellington Rape Crisis advocates against sexual violence and rape culture.
In 2012, pizza company Hell Pizza faced controversy when they ran a "Confessional" competition on Facebook. The winner described an incident of sexual assault where he put his penis inside the mouth of a drunk person who was passed out. This was met with a huge number of complaints and criticisms across Facebook and Twitter. Hell Pizza blamed a social media manager and removed the post. However they subsequently donated $10,000 to Wellington Rape Crisis and matched donations made to the agency that month dollar for dollar. At the time Wellington Rape Crisis were being forced to cut services, closing their doors on Fridays due to a $55,000.00 funding shortfall. Wellington Rape Crisis experienced an increase in client numbers and were faced with a difficult funding environment. The funding was accepted by the agency on the condition that Hell Pizza's executives, staff and managers do sexual violence awareness and bystander intervention training provided by the Sexual Abuse Prevention Network.
News of the Roast Busters scandal first broke in November 2013. A group of young men based in Auckland allegedly intoxicated underage girls to gang rape them. The lack of police response to the issue and the line of questioning they took when interviewing the complainants sparked a large public outcry. Wellington Rape Crisis condemned the behavior of the young boys as abhorrent and denounced the rape culture in New Zealand. Agency Manager Natalie Gousmett said:
This whole situation is horrific. First we have the abhorrent behavior of the members of the rape group, causing serious harm to the victims they have targeted. Then we have appalling coverage by media, including extreme victim-blaming and today we have heard the Police have indeed had complaints yet have only just started taking action now.
In November 2015 New Zealand Prime Minister John Key accused the opposition party of “Backing rapists.” In response to these claims several female MPs stood up and shared their own experiences of sexual violence and voiced their offence to the Prime Minister's comments. They were subsequently thrown out of Parliament by the Speaker of the House. Spokesperson for Wellington Rape Crisis Eleanor Butterworth said the Prime Minister's comments were not helpful. She said “It was not only harmful for survivors to have rape used as a political football, but also for the families of people who have been sexually abused.
Awards
2013 Wellington Rape Crisis received The Dominion Post Choice Charities Award. The winners were chosen by the public. The award included a $10,000 prize comprising $5000 cash and $5000 worth of advertising.
See also
Violence against women in New Zealand
Sexual Abuse Prevention Network
Initiatives to prevent sexual violence
References
External links
Wellington Rape Crisis
Te Rito Wellington Family Violence Network
Film for change Aotearoa
Category:Violence against women in Oceania
Category:Charities based in New Zealand | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Contrasting parental perspectives with those of teenagers and young adults with cancer: comparing the findings from two qualitative studies.
To compare and contrast the issues raised in narrative data gathered from parents of teenagers and young adults with cancer with interview data gathered from young adults being treated for cancer. A narrative correspondence method elicited contributions from the parents of 28 young adults with cancer. In-depth qualitative interviews were undertaken with 28 young adults in treatment for cancer or soon after their treatment. The secondary analysis of the two data sets illuminates contrasting familial perspectives. While some of the topics raised by parents are also addressed by young people, their perspectives differ thus offering a 'mirror image' of the same issue. The contrast in priorities can contribute to stress within the family and can increase the danger of conflict over key decisions that may impact upon the health of the young adult with cancer. If the potential conflicts are anticipated and understood and as a consequence handled with skill by professionals in the setting of care, this can benefit family relationships which can be thrown into crisis by the illness. It is thus important that a model of care that incorporates such an understanding is widely implemented in order to mitigate the negative impact on family dynamics when cancer is diagnosed in young adulthood. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Q:
Are all $[[n, k, d]]$ quantum codes equivalent to additive self-orthogonal $GF(4)^n$ classical codes?
Theorem 2 of [1] states:
Suppose $C$ is an additive self-orthogonal sub-code of $\textrm{GF}(4)^n$, containing $2^{n-k}$ vectors, such that there are no vectors of weight $<d$ in $C^\perp/C$. Then any eigenspace of $\phi^{-1}(C)$ is an additive quantum-error-correcting code with parameters $[[n, k, d]]$.
where here $\phi: \mathbb{Z}_2^{2n} \rightarrow \textrm{GF}(4)^n$ is the map between the binary representation of $n$-fold Pauli operators and their associated codeword, and $C$ is self-orthogonal if $C \subseteq C^\perp$ where $C^\perp$ is the dual of $C$.
This tells us that each additive self-orthogonal $\textrm{GF}(4)^n$ classical code represents a $[[n, k, d]]$ quantum code.
My question is whether the reverse is also true, that is: is every $[[n, k, d]]$ quantum code represented by an additive self-orthogonal $\textrm{GF}(4)^n$ classical code?
Or equivalently: Are there any $[[n, k, d]]$ quantum codes that are not represented by an additive self-orthogonal $\textrm{GF}(4)^n$ classical code?
[1]: Calderbank, A. Robert, et al. "Quantum error correction via codes over GF (4)." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 44.4 (1998): 1369-1387.
A:
The additive self-orthogonal constraint on the classical codes in order to create stabilizer quantum codes is needed due to the fact that the stabilizer generators must commute between them in order to create a valid code space. When creating quantum codes from classical codes, the commutation relationship for the stabilizers is equivalent to having a self-orthogonal classical code.
However, quantum codes can be constructed from non-self-orthogonal classical codes over $GF(4)^n$ by means of entanglement-assistance. In this constructions, an arbitrary classical code is selected, and by adding some Bell pairs in the qubit system, commutation between the stabilizers is obtained.
This entanglement-assisted paradigm for constructing QECCs from any classical code is presented in arXiv:1610.04013, which is based on the paper "Correcting Quantum Errors with Entanglement" published in Science by Brun, Devetak and Hsieh.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
A Glossary of Node-RED terms
For those not used to it, the terminology used in Node-RED can occasionally be confusing. Due in part to the overloading of some terms.
So I’ve come up with this glossary to help keep myself from getting confused.
A draft set of terminology for Node-RED, the flow-based visual programming tool.
Node: The source definition for nodes that can be used in Node-RED Flows. Defined normally by an npm Package (though actually defined by 3 files: package.json, an html file for the admin UI and a JavaScript file for the server process).
Node Instance: An instance of a Node added to a flow. A Node (definition) may have many instances in Flows.
node(s): same as Node Instance(s).
wire(s): The logical connectors between nodes. Conceptually, messages “travel” between nodes. In reality, they don’t, data is simply passed by reference (except for the edge cases where a message copy is forced).
message(s): Often referred to by the short name msg which is the variable name generally used to reference the message. This is the data object used to communicate between nodes. Typically, it has the minimal definition: {{_msgid: uid, topic: undefined|string, payload: Object|Array|string|number}} but other than requiring _msgid (which is added by Node-RED), it may contain any valid, serialisable JavaScript.
userDir: The server folder that contains the Flows file, settings.js and other Node-RED configuration information. Typically residing at ~/.node-red.
Project: a Flows file and other configuration files that allow rapid switching between Flows. Note that a project shares the same set of Packages (and therefore Nodes) and global Node-RED settings as all other projects. Only the Flows file, matching credentials, a README and a minimalist package.json are part of a project. Projects are designed to enable teams to work together and can use GIT to manage the data collaboration. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a power transmitting apparatus for a vehicle that may achieve smooth starting and shifting and may improve fuel economy and acceleration performance as a consequence of adding an electric supplementary drive unit and a torque converting device to a double clutch power transmitting apparatus.
2. Description of Related Art
Environmentally-friendly technique of vehicles is very important technique on which survival of future motor industry is dependent. Vehicle makers are focusing on development of environmentally-friendly vehicles so as to meet environment and fuel consumption regulations.
Some examples of future vehicle technique are an electric vehicle (EV) and a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) that use electrical energy, and double clutch transmission (DCT) that improves efficiency and convenience.
In addition, the vehicle makers promote improvement of efficiency in a power delivery system so as to meet exhaust regulation of countries and improve fuel consumption performance. In order to improve efficiency of the power delivery system, the vehicle makers are trying to put an idle stop and go (ISG) system and a regenerative braking system to practical use.
The ISG system stops an engine when a vehicle stops and restarts the engine when the vehicle begins to run. The regenerative braking system operates a generator using kinetic energy of the vehicle instead of braking the vehicle by friction when the vehicle brakes, stores electrical energy generated at this time in a battery, and reuses the electrical energy when the vehicle runs.
In addition, the hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle using more than two power sources, and more than two power sources are combined in various ways. Typically, the hybrid electric vehicle uses a gasoline engine or a diesel engine driven by fossil fuel and a motor/generator driven by electrical energy.
In addition, one example of a transmission applied to the hybrid electric vehicle is the DCT. According to the DCT, two clutches are applied to a manual transmission layout. Therefore, efficiency and convenience may be improved.
That is, the DCT achieves odd-numbered-speeds and even-numbered-speeds alternately by using two clutches. A mechanism achieving the odd-numbered-speeds and the even-numbered-speeds alternately improves shift feel so as to solve problems of a conventional manual transmission (MT) and an automated manual transmission (AMT).
However, the DCT has such problems that clutch damage and energy loss due to clutch slip may occur when starting, safety may not be secured since backward rolling due to clutch slip occurs excessively in hill-start, shift shock may be strong compared with an automatic transmission since shift time is controlled to be short due to thermal capacity of a clutch.
The information disclosed in this Background of the Invention section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a system for remotely providing object location.
2. Background
Vehicle locators are well known. They may be used to locate a single vehicle. However, in daily life, we need an object locator to locate a variety of the target objects in a list. Moreover, all object locators are standing alone devices. Nowadays the existing device like cellular phone set, personal digital assistant, or car alarm remote is very commonly used. We may embed the object locator in the existing device to share its hardware, software, memory and display, etc., and becomes its additional application.
The target object to be located may not necessarily be a vehicle. It may be an equipment or machine moving around and stationary, perhaps carried by a person. To locate the equipment or machine means locating the person carrying it. Using a list to keep the identification of each equipment or machine shall help us to locate a person in the list one by one. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
Monitors & Teleprompters
If you are working in a studio environment, then you will come up against endless uses for monitors and screens so it is better to be prepared. At DigiBroadcast we stock dozens of screen types from some of the most renowned brands including JVC, Panasonic and Sony ranging from small and compact video monitors to huge 98” high definition display screens to specialist 3D screens for looking back over your three dimensional footage.
We also sell a brilliant selection of teleprompter equipment to make sure your cast get their words spot on every time. These range from mounting plates to turn your iPad into an autocue to full size studio teleprompters and screens for large scale productions.
Our selection of teleprompter software is also jam packed with everything you need for setting up or upgrading your studio’s system with packages such as Metus NewsFlash or Datavideo’s Advanced Timeline and Character Generator.
We are sure that there will be something for you in the selection below, but if not, then why not check out our ranges of camcorders, lighting equipment or tripods for other broadcast industry solutions. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Hyaluronic acid and Arg-Gly-Asp peptide modified Graphene oxide with dual receptor-targeting function for cancer therapy.
Graphene oxide (GO) modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) and Arg-gly-asp peptide (RGD) was designed as a dual-receptor targeting drug delivery system to enhance the specificity and efficiency of anticancer drug delivery. Firstly, GO-HA-RGD conjugate was characterized to reveal its structure and morphology. Whereafter, doxorubicin (Dox) as a model drug was loaded on GO-HA-RGD carrier, which displayed a high loading rate (72.9%, GO:Dox (w/w) = 1:1), pH-response and sustained drug release behavior. Cytotoxicity experiments showed that GO-HA-RGD possessed excellent biocompatibility towards SKOV-3 and HOSEpiC cells. Additionally, the GO-HA-RGD/Dox had a stronger cytotoxicity for SKOV-3 cells than either GO-HA/Dox (single receptor) or GO/Dox (no receptor). Moreover, celluar uptake studies illustrated that GO-HA-RGD conjugate could be effectively taken up by SKOV-3 cells via a synergic effect of CD44-HA and integrin-RGD mediated endocytosis. Hence, GO-HA-RGD nanocarrier is able to be a promising platform for targeted cancer therapeutic. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Signal transduction inhibitors, hibarimicins A, B, C, D and G produced by Microbispora. II. Structural studies.
The structure of hibarimicins A, B, C, D and G which are inhibitors for tyrosine specific protein kinase are determined using spectroscopic techniques. Hibarimicins described in this report consist of a common aglycon and six deoxyhexoses. The aglycon contains a highly oxidized naphtylnaphthoquinone as a chromophore. Among them, hibarimicin B was identical with angelmicin B. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
One of the many vectors which delivers leaked information on upcoming phones is the device benchmark score. Many apps upload the results to online leaderboards for all to see. There's quite a bit of information to be gleaned from these online listings – basically the entire spec list. Now Sony is looking to plug this leak by blocking benchmarking apps.
A tester recently provided a screenshot of an unreleased Xperia device with a popup warning – in this case it was caused by attempting to install AnTuTu. The popup reportedly prevents you from loading the app at all. This is the first instance we are aware of where an OEM went out of its way to block benchmark leaks. It's pretty clever, though.
It's unclear how extensive the app blacklist is, or if there is a way around it for developers who (presumably) know what they are doing. Unless someone at Sony drops the ball, this is a warning you should never see on a retail device.
[XperiaBlog] | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Spaghetti dinner, Rotary Bowl in Greenfield Oct. 30
Trophy was first awarded in 1985
By Angela Shepherd - ashepherd@civitasmedia.com
The Rotary Bowl Trophy shown here is currently in the hands of the Hillsboro Indians. The annual match up between the McClain Tigers and the Hillsboro Indians to determine where the trophy rests for the next year is set for Oct. 30, immediately following the Greenfield Rotary Club’s spaghetti dinner fundraiser.
The Greenfield Rotary Club’s annual spaghetti dinner is next Friday, just before the McClain Tigers and Hillsboro Indians battle for the Rotary Bowl at McClain Field.
From 5-7 p.m. on Oct. 30 in the McClain cafeteria, the spaghetti dinners will be available for a $6 donation for adults and a $4 donation for kids 12 and under. The dinners will be available for dine-in or take-out.
The proceeds from the dinner each year go into the service organization’s coffers to help maintain the Ralph W. Phillips Recreation and Civic Center and finance other worthwhile projects in the community.
Ffter the dinner comes the annual meeting of football rivals Greenfield and Hillsboro, known as the Rotary Bowl. It was the brainchild of then Hillsboro Rotary Club President and current Highland County Common Pleas Court Judge Rocky Coss more than 30 years ago. He said at the time he was looking for more ways for the Greenfield and Hillsboro Rotary clubs to collaborate, and for a way to “recognize the efforts of the kids,” and the Rotary Bowl fit the bill on both counts.
Coss said the Rotary Bowl trophy is the original one from 1985 and in recent years it had to have a new base added to accommodate the years to come.
The football game between McClain and Hillsboro is scheduled to begin at 7:30 p.m. in Greenfield.
The Greenfield Rotary Club meets each Thursday at 11:30 a.m. at Catch 22 Sports Pub. For more information about the Greenfield Rotary Club go to www.greenfieldrotary.org.
The Rotary Bowl Trophy shown here is currently in the hands of the Hillsboro Indians. The annual match up between the McClain Tigers and the Hillsboro Indians to determine where the trophy rests for the next year is set for Oct. 30, immediately following the Greenfield Rotary Club’s spaghetti dinner fundraiser.
http://aimmedianetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2015/10/web1_Bowl1.jpgThe Rotary Bowl Trophy shown here is currently in the hands of the Hillsboro Indians. The annual match up between the McClain Tigers and the Hillsboro Indians to determine where the trophy rests for the next year is set for Oct. 30, immediately following the Greenfield Rotary Club’s spaghetti dinner fundraiser. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name="author" content="{{ Setting::get('author') }}">
<meta name="description" content="{{ Setting::get('desc') }}">
<meta name="keywords" content="{{ Setting::get('keywords') }}">
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="{{ asset('images/favicon.ico') }}">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ asset(elixir('css/app.css')) }}">
</head>
<body>
<header>
<navigation></navigation>
</header>
<main id="app">
<div class="container">
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</main>
<footer class="page-footer transparent">
<div class="footer-copyright">
<div class="container black-text text-lighten-5">
Copyright © 2015-2016 forehalo
<span class="right black-text text-lighten-5" to="/">{{ Setting::get('title') }}</span>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<script>
window.Laravel = {!! json_encode([
'csrfToken' => csrf_token(),
'config' => Setting::all(),
'currentViewType' => Request::segment(1) ?: 'default',
'isProduction' => env('APP_ENV') === 'prod' || env('APP_ENV') === 'production'
]) !!};
window.dictionary = {!! json_encode(trans('app')) !!};
</script>
<script src="{{ asset(elixir('js/app.js')) }}"></script>
<script>
if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) {
window.addEventListener('load', function() {
navigator.serviceWorker
.register('/service-worker.js')
.then(function(reg) {
reg.onupdatefound = function() {
var installingWorker = reg.installing;
installingWorker.onstatechange = function() {
switch (installingWorker.state) {
case 'installed':
if (navigator.serviceWorker.controller) {
console.log('New or updated content is available.');
} else {
console.log('Content is now available offline!');
}
break;
case 'redundant':
console.error('The installing service worker became redundant.');
break;
}
};
};
}).catch(function(e) {
console.error('Error during service worker registration:', e);
});
});
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
ccc05a53f8c4a7f74b75a07b2cfba7b1
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
La Crosse Alerts Mobile
* Disclaimers: (1) La Crosse Technology, LTD. ("La Crosse") provides various alert services to aid users. La Crosse shall not be liable for accuracy, usefulness or availability of data transmitted via the service. Users are solely responsible for damages to persons or property by service use. (2) Service providers may charge users for alert services. Standard messaging and data rates apply and will be billed to the customer's wireless account. Customers may be unable to receive text messaging or data service in some areas due to unavailability of service.
Conflict Minerals Policy Statement
We support ending the violence and human rights violations in the mining of certain minerals from the "Conflict Region" situated in the eastern portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and surrounding countries.
Review Guidelines/Customer Submissions:
Thank you for taking the time to share your experience with our products. Your opinions are important in guiding future shoppers as well as telling us what you like and what we can do better. All reviews are submitted for moderation before being posted online.
To leave a review you must meet our guidelines for submission:
Reviews may not contain inappropriate content. Inappropriate content includes but is not limited to obscenities or profanity, expressed hatred or intolerance for people on the basis of race, ethnicity, nationality or gender.
Make sure reviews are relevant and appropriate to the product listing. We know you might find a product awesome, but why is it awesome? We also know you may not like a product, but why don’t you like it?
If you are experiencing a technical problem with your unit, please contact Technical Support via the Support Tab web form link or contact them directly M - F 8 AM to 6 PM CST at 608-782-1610/888-211-1923. You will be responded to via the e-mail provided when you created your review.
If you have product questions please contact us via e-mail at [email protected] or by calling 608-785-7939 M – F 8:30 AM to 5 PM CST. Product questions will not be posted. You will be responded to via the e-mail provided when you created your review.
About La Crosse
For over 30 years the La Crosse Technology® family of brands has offered a wide variety of easy-to-use products that deliver unsurpassed weather data, atomic time, and an array of features that help make life easier.
Whether you are a homeowner, parent, outdoorsmen, or commuter, rest assured that the La Crosse Technology® family of brands has a product for you to help plan your day with confidence. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Q:
How can I know whether a random "known not TTL" RS232 device will work with any old random USB-RS232 converter?
I've been hunting around for RS232 converters for a little while now, trying to get my head around the way RS232 works (or at least how it's supposed to), and the way RS232-USB converters (more frequently than not, seem not to) work. Trying to understand the state of things has left me not a little confused, so I'm asking here to try and sort some of my perplexion out :P
To begin with, Wikipedia states the following about RS-232 (emphasis mine):
The RS-232 standard defines the voltage levels that correspond to logical one and logical zero levels for the data transmission and the control signal lines. Valid signals are either in the range of +3 to +15 volts or the range -3 to -15 volts with respect to the ground/common pin; consequently, the range between -3 to +3 volts is not a valid RS-232 level. ...
The standard specifies a maximum open-circuit voltage of 25 volts: signal levels of ±5V, ±10V, ±12V, and ±15V are all commonly seen depending on the voltages available to the line driver circuit. Some RS-232 driver chips have inbuilt circuitry to produce the required voltages from a 3 or 5-volt supply. RS-232 drivers and receivers must be able to withstand indefinite short circuit to ground or to any voltage level up to ±25 volts.
A bit later on, WP also says:
Other serial signaling standards may not interoperate with standard-compliant RS-232 ports. For example, using the TTL levels of near +5 and 0V puts the mark level in the undefined area of the standard. Such levels are sometimes used with NMEA 0183-compliant GPS receivers and depth finders.
All of that makes sense. But then I enter the rabbithole...
When I search for a USB-RS232 converter module (as an alternative to the $40 stuff out there that's just pure profit) which actually follows this spec, I instead find an Internet full of converters which state their operating voltage as either 3.3V or 5V. I can't find any explicitly 10V, 12V or 15V devices anywhere. This is a little worrying, because I've gotten the impression that if the converter can only tolerate 3.3V or 5V, a "real" (?!) RS232 device with 10V or 12V signalling/output voltages has a reasonably high chance of making the converter spontaneously combust in a bad way (on top of not responding to the converter's out-of-spec 3.3V/5V inputs). Thusly, my first question is, how can I tell/find/figure out/identify/etc what converters/devices will and will not work, without an oscillioscope?
The other disturbing trend I've found is that ZT213/MAXx23x voltage level converters only seem to level-shift TX and RX, and chuck all the ancillary (but in certain situations very important) RS232 signals out the window. My second question is, what do I do if I have a "real" (?!) RS232 device using ≥10V signal levels which needs (for example) a DTR line - and all I've got is a 5V USB-RS232 converter? What level shifter can/do I use then?!
Finally, this probably isn't covered by WP's article on RS-232 because it's so out-of-spec, but my third question is this: I've found a lot of the converters out there being referred to as UARTs. I don't get whether this reference is being used with regard to the converter chipset itself, or whether the implication is that it's a USB-to-UART converter, where the UART is the target device. What's the deal with this?
A:
There are some cables that convert directly from USB to RS-232, all of these should say so and all should be (reasonably) compliant with the RS-232 specification.
However, there are also lots of cables that translate from USB to TTL asynchronous serial data, and these will be rated at either 3.3V or 5.0V. Such a cable needs a separate TTL-to-RS-232 converter such as the old MAX232 chip.
This is where the confusion begins — many people call any form of asynchronous serial data "RS-232", even though that term only properly applies to the electrical interface standard. You need to pay attention to exactly what the seller is saying about his cables.
One clue is that if the cable has a D-sub connector (DE-9 or DB-25), it probably really is RS-232. If it has a rectangular header connector, it's probably TTL. YMMV.
The term UART refers to the hardware device that generates and receives asynchronous serial data. Technically, the USB-to-TTL cable contains a chip that comprises two interfaces: a USB device interface and a UART. The chip passes data in both directions between these two interfaces.
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Stimulating PACalpha increases miniature excitatory junction potential frequency at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction.
Photoactivated adenylate cyclase alpha (PACalpha) is a light-activated adenylate cyclase that was originally cloned from the eye spot of the protozoan Euglena gracilis. PACalpha has been shown to rapidly increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in vivo in Xenopus oocytes and HEK293 cells, increase the spike width in Aplysia sensory neurons, and modify behavior in Drosophila. Using the GAL4 UAS system, we heterologously expressed PACalpha in motorneurons and quantified the effects of its activation at the neuromuscular junction of the Drosophila third instar wandering larva, a well-characterized model synapse. By recording from body-wall muscle 6, we show that the presynaptic activation of PACalpha with blue light significantly increased miniature excitatory junction potential (mEJP) frequency in the presence of calcium with a delay of about 1 minute. Similar effects have been observed in previous studies that utilized adenylate cyclase agonists (Forskolin) or membrane-permeable cAMP analogs [dibutyryl cAMP and 4-chlorophenylthio-(CPT)-cAMP] to increase presynaptic cAMP concentrations. PACalpha's efficacy in combination with its specificity make it an invaluable tool for the rapid regulation of cAMP in vivo and for investigating the mechanisms by which cAMP can modulate synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity in Drosophila. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
from pymesh.TestCase import TestCase
from pymesh import compute_outer_hull
from pymesh.meshio import form_mesh
from pymesh.meshutils import generate_box_mesh
from pymesh.meshutils import merge_meshes
from pymesh.misc import Quaternion
import numpy as np
import math
import unittest
class OuterHullTest(TestCase):
def assert_valid_attributes(self, mesh, outer_hull):
self.assertTrue(outer_hull.has_attribute("flipped"))
self.assertTrue(outer_hull.has_attribute("face_sources"))
flipped = outer_hull.get_attribute("flipped")
face_sources = outer_hull.get_attribute("face_sources")
self.assertEqual(outer_hull.num_faces, len(flipped))
self.assertEqual(outer_hull.num_faces, len(face_sources))
self.assertTrue(np.all(face_sources >= 0))
self.assertTrue(np.all(face_sources < mesh.num_faces))
def test_simple_cube(self):
mesh = generate_box_mesh(
np.array([0, 0, 0]), np.array([1, 1, 1]))
outer_hulls = compute_outer_hull(mesh, all_layers=True)
self.assertEqual(1, len(outer_hulls))
outer_hull = outer_hulls[0]
self.assertTrue(outer_hull.is_closed())
self.assertEqual(mesh.num_vertices, outer_hull.num_vertices)
self.assertEqual(mesh.num_faces, outer_hull.num_faces)
self.assert_valid_attributes(mesh, outer_hull)
def test_intersecting_cubes(self):
mesh_1 = generate_box_mesh(
np.array([0, 0, 0]), np.array([2, 2, 2]))
mesh_2 = generate_box_mesh(
np.array([1, 1, 1]), np.array([3, 3, 3]))
mesh = merge_meshes((mesh_1, mesh_2))
outer_hull = compute_outer_hull(mesh)
self.assertTrue(outer_hull.is_closed())
self.assert_valid_attributes(mesh, outer_hull)
def test_nested_cubes(self):
mesh_1 = generate_box_mesh(
np.array([0, 0, 0]), np.array([3, 3, 3]))
mesh_2 = generate_box_mesh(
np.array([1, 1, 1]), np.array([2, 2, 2]))
mesh = merge_meshes((mesh_1, mesh_2))
outer_hulls = compute_outer_hull(mesh, all_layers=True)
self.assertEqual(2, len(outer_hulls))
outer_hull = outer_hulls[0]
interior_mesh = outer_hulls[1]
self.assertTrue(outer_hull.is_closed())
self.assertEqual(1, outer_hull.num_components)
self.assert_valid_attributes(mesh, outer_hull)
self.assertEqual(8, interior_mesh.num_vertices)
self.assert_array_equal(([1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2]),
interior_mesh.bbox)
def test_multiple_components(self):
mesh_1 = generate_box_mesh(
np.array([0, 0, 0]), np.array([1, 1, 1]))
mesh_2 = generate_box_mesh(
np.array([2, 2, 2]), np.array([3, 3, 3]))
mesh = merge_meshes((mesh_1, mesh_2))
outer_hulls = compute_outer_hull(mesh, all_layers=True)
self.assertEqual(1, len(outer_hulls))
outer_hull = outer_hulls[0]
self.assertTrue(outer_hull.is_closed())
self.assertEqual(2, outer_hull.num_components)
self.assert_valid_attributes(mesh, outer_hull)
def test_face_face_touch(self):
mesh_1 = generate_box_mesh(
np.array([0, 0, 0]), np.array([1, 1, 1]))
mesh_2 = generate_box_mesh(
np.array([0, 0, 1]), np.array([1, 1, 2]))
mesh = merge_meshes((mesh_1, mesh_2))
outer_hulls = compute_outer_hull(mesh, all_layers=True)
self.assertEqual(2, len(outer_hulls))
outer_hull = outer_hulls[0]
interior_mesh = outer_hulls[1]
self.assertTrue(outer_hull.is_closed())
self.assertEqual(1, outer_hull.num_components)
self.assert_valid_attributes(mesh, outer_hull)
self.assert_array_equal(([0, 0, 0], [1, 1, 2]), outer_hull.bbox)
self.assertTrue(interior_mesh.is_closed())
self.assertEqual(1, interior_mesh.num_components)
self.assert_array_equal(([0, 0, 1], [1, 1, 1]), interior_mesh.bbox)
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
[Insulin-heparin complex, its physiological properties].
An insulin-heparin complex was obtained in vitro. The hypoglycemic effect of insulin, included into this complex as compared with free insulin, was increased more than 2-fold when it was tested in animals with stable alloxane diabetes. Contrary to insulin, administration of the insulin-heparin complex increased the anticoagulation properties of blood and exhibited the non-enzymatic fibrinolytic activity towards the unstabilized fibrin both in presence or in absence of inhibitors of fibrinolysis, caused by plasmin. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Santiago Calatrava said the roof would open.
And evidently it will.
On Friday morning, a 5,700-pound glass panel was hoisted into place as a 355-foot-long operable skylight took final form in the Oculus pavilion of the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, designed by Mr. Calatrava. Another panel went up in the afternoon.
Those are among the last of 996 pieces of blast-resistant glass to have been installed at the Oculus since March 15. The glazing should be finished on Monday, said Steven Plate, director of World Trade Center construction for the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which is building the $3.9 billion rail, subway and shopping hub.
The winged Oculus is by far the most conspicuous element in the hub, which is nearing completion after 10 years.
Each Sept. 11, the skylight will be opened to the elements for 102 minutes, Erica Dumas, a spokeswoman for the authority, said. That is how long the 2001 terrorist attack lasted, from the time the first jetliner hit the trade center at 8:46 a.m. until the collapse of the second tower at 10:28 a.m. In the towers, on the ground and in the hijacked planes, 2,753 people were killed. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
An Introspective Steelers Site
Menu
Steelers 2016 Third Quarter Report
In their review of the Steelers victory over the New York Giants, Post-Gazette reporters Ed Bouchette and Gerry Dulac noted that the last 33 seconds of the Dallas game is the difference between the Steelers’ current circumstances and being 8-4 and considered in the driver’s seat for a league title.
Those 33 seconds also, less importantly, stand as the reason that Pittsburgh doesn’t have a spotless third quarter of their 2016 season. The point being made here is how seemingly small factors, rather than just the big ones, can turn a season for better or worse. Those 33 seconds, all other variables remaining constant, are the difference between anticipatory speculation concerning playoff seedings and January football and the current reality of the December Playoffs where any, and perhaps all contests carry the weight of elimination.
There is a sigh of relief from most of us since we measured the Giants as being the most dangerous opponent we would face in December besides Baltimore, but look again. If there is one thing we must keep reminding ourselves, it is that the sands shift very swiftly in today’s NFL. What looked like a relatively easy schedule months ago looks different today.
The Steelers will be facing a desperate Buffalo team fighting for its playoff lives at home. They will then travel to Cincinnati to confront a team fighting for their professional lives from the coaching staff on down. Seeing Pittsburgh as their chief tormentor and (probably rightfully) a principle cause of their downfall, we must not be surprised if faced with a measure of hatred and resolve that can be challenging and dangerous, particularly regarding injuries. What do they have to lose?
The Ravens, like the Steelers, are awake now, never a good thing. With the division title on the line, the possibility of it also being a playoff elimination game, the game is on Christmas, and the fact that being Steelers vs Ravens a scrimmage in a parking lot would be must-see TV, God knows what might go down on that day.
Finally, there is the possibility of facing a Cleveland team who may be just as desperate as the others for a different set of reasons. As always, the professional lives of many involved will be at stake, but also there is this matter of the ignominy of a particularly shameful kind of perfection. The Browns specialize in having bad seasons, but 0-16 is really special. You might want to give some thought to what they might be capable of to avoid that fate.
Three of the four remaining opponents could bring some powerful psychological leverage to bear when facing Pittsburgh, but the Steelers’ advantage is that they are the most talented group in each case, are playing their best ball at the moment, and because of their relative youth have legitimate upside potential. This is to say, they can get better. They may not have peaked.
The Offense
If you are like me, you might have allowed yourself to get caught up in the goal of scoring 30 or more points a game. Speaking for myself, I need to break out of that sort of thinking. When you have a reliable weapon such as Le’Veon Bell, who can, metaphorically speaking, nickel and dime you to death, that is as effective a path to victory as any you would want, particularly at this time of the year. It may not be as explosive, but with the defense on the rise, shootouts are not the only path to victory.
Quarterback
The outlook hasn’t changed here. This position is both the key to ultimate victory and the Achilles heel which could bring the whole thing crashing down in a heartbeat.
The bad news for 31 other teams is that Ben Roethlisberger is showing no ill effects of his mid-season injury and surgery. Nor are there any signs of the mental errors, bad decision making or mechanical glitches that characterized earlier stretches of the season. And if that weren’t bad enough, his toolbox, the weapons available to him, is both expanding and refining. All that could change in the blink of an eye, of course, but for the moment Ben is playing lethally, both as a talent and tactician and leader of the offense.
Offensive line
Todd Haley recently declared them the best in the business. We could get distracted with comparisons to others, but it would be completely missing the point. What everyone in Steelers Nation from Art Rooney II on down knew is that if you could keep Ben upright, clean and, as a bonus, give him the time to improvise, there were championships on the table to be had during the effective remainder of his career. And the very act of achieving that could possibly expand the size of the window of opportunity, extending Ben’s career.
It is somewhat amazing to me that this is being accomplished without much notice. At this stage, we can declare the O line as being highly competent, and though not completely unscathed by the injury bug, fortunate in the sense that they have been the ‘right’ kind of survivable losses. The starters are healthy and performing at or, especially in the case of left tackle Alejandro Villanueva, above expectations. Cody Wallace and Ryan Harris are lost, but B.J. Finney and Chris Hubbard have gained our confidence.
Together they have collaborated to make both Ben and Bell virtually unstoppable, which has also opened the door for Antonio Brown and made space for effective contributions from lesser lights. In the past, defenses could do things to neutralize the offensive stars. For that to happen this year an answer must be found for Mike Munchak’s crew—otherwise they can only hope that the Steelers offensively self-destruct.
Tight ends
With the losses of Heath Miller and Matt Spaeth it has been hard to imagine this group being a strength of the offense, even with the most optimistic forecasts concerning newcomer Ladarius Green. However, taking care to point out that I don’t believe that Miller/Spaeth/James can be an apples vs apples comparison to what is evolving with Green/James/Johnson/Grimble, as Green transforms from potential white elephant to ‘oh now I get it’ type contributor, a Martavis Bryant/Rob Gronkowski type hybrid that can create heartburn for defenses who are struggling to come to terms with Ben, Bell and AB, this tight end group has become a four-headed monster that can neither be ignored or completely handled.
Running backs
I saw an account where someone made a credible statistical comparison between Le’Veon Bell and Jim Brown, and they were real close. I think that’s all that needs to be said about that, besides keep him healthy.
Wide receivers
The stats are down relative to the most recent seasons, but all things considered, Brown impresses because he’s doing it largely without a supporting cast that could effectively deflect some of the defensive attention away from him. This is not intended to take anything away from Eli Rodgers or Cobi Hamilton, but they are essentially free agent rookies who were thrown into the fire. They have performed well and are part of the group of young players who are improving in leaps and bounds with experience and reps. With Green and the other tight ends giving defenders yet one more thing to worry about beyond the three B’s, the youngsters may find opportunities to be difference makers.
I invite you to consider what this offense might have looked like this season (and could look like next year) with Martavis Bryant and a healthy Markus Wheaton or Sammie Coates added to the mix. And if you want to get really sadistic, throw in Darrius Heyward-Bey and DeAngelo Williams. Unfortunately, we won’t see it this year, but there is enough there to take this team as far as they need to potentially.
Defense
The growth and youthful transformation that is partially on display with the offense is a full-fledged phenomena with the defense. As Homer J has pointed out, it appears the team is going to realize its money’s worth with its top three draft picks—Artie Burns, Sean Davis and Javon Hargrave. As good as the offense is, if the last three performances are indicative of a defensive unit that is gelling and capable of functioning at a higher level, then they will likely be the championship difference maker for this team.
Defensive line
You kinda wanted to just write off the season when Cam Heyward was lost for the year, but this unit did not collapse, and the defense in general has improved. Stephon Tuitt stepped up both in performance and leadership. Ricardo Mathews (and Green) continue to reassure us that Cam Thomas was not necessarily the template for free agents from San Diego. But the best story has been Hargrave, a third round pick who started this season strong and continues to improve.
Linebackers
150-year-old outside linebacker James Harrison is proving that being a mere shell of his old self is still better than most linebackers out there. He has also stepped into the leadership void left by Heyward. You can feel the trio of Harrison, Lawrence Timmons and William Gay stepping up in this regard as we get into money time.
The next best news has been the return of Bud Dupree, out of the picture for so long that he seemed forgotten and not thought of as being a contributor to the effort this season. All Ryan Shazier needs is his health. The improvement of Anthony Chickillo has been pleasant to watch.
I am a contrarian as it relates to Jarvis Jones. His demotion in my mind is about Harrison, and how good he still is at this point in his career, and the likelihood that they were preserving him for the stretch run. You simply can’t allow a resource like that go to waste over appearances and some misguided notion of fairness.
Secondary
The criticisms of this group have become considerably muted recently. The biggest compliment being paid to Artie Burns is that he’s not being targeted much despite his rookie status. Teams are going after Ross Cockrell more often, not with a great deal of success. As a tandem, they could be on track to be the best pair in the Tomlin Era.
Sean Davis probably made the most significant contribution to the loss to the Cowboys*, but can be singled out for winning plays in the following three games. As I write this he is playing the best ball of anyone on that unit and seems to have relegated Robert Golden to where he is best suited, special teams.
Mike Mitchell to my mind is the best example of a player who is doing a better job of just doing his own job. William Gay’s role is fading, which is what you would want to see from a young group of talent on the rise. And, just a thought, we may still hear from Justin Gilbert and Senquez Golson (not this season for the latter, obviously) before all’s said and done.
Special teams
I am on record as feeling that problems that occur elsewhere on the team have a way of trickling down to special teams. Heyward-Bey being down was probably a much bigger deal for special teams than the offense, for example. Same for Robert Golden and Shamarko Thomas.
But by far the biggest special teams story is this unexpected Randy Bullock saga. What we feared was the return of the ‘S’ word. What we got was Boswellian. Hopefully the difficulties of the real Boswell are temporary and minor. I can skip the drama.
*in fairness to Davis it should be noted that he was trying to strip the ball out and the receiver ducked his head, resulting in Davis’ hand hitting the facemask instead of the ball. He was heartbroken after the game, or so I have read.
4 comments
You are the contrarian when it comes to JJ. I believe you, and perhaps his momma are the only ones that haven’t given up on him, and I cannot verify his momma. Real close to using that four letter word that starts with B.
Tomlin often does his best work when his back is against the wall. Witness the year they started 0-4 and nearly made the playoffs. This year, defense started out suspect, and it looked like they were about to collapse when they lost to Dallas and lost Cam Heyward. Some of us, yours truly included, feared the season was over. Happily, we underestimated Tomlin and were dead wrong. It’s too early to say this has been one of his best jobs ever, but it is starting to look like that.
Didn’t realize this when I wrote it, Tomlin is one win away from 100. If he gets that in his tenth season he joins a very elite list of coaches. And, of course, cause a few heads to explode among the ‘Fire Him!’ crowd.
Just another notch on coach Tomlin’s belt. Someone else could certainly do better than Mike Tomlin:/ The fire Tomlin crowd are fools. Mike Tomlin is winning with the team Mike Tomlin built. The “he won with Cower’s players” bucket of crap is full of holes and leaking more every day! Someone told me Rome was built in one day but I didn’t believe them. I think I will wear my “obviously cool” Mike Tomlin shirt today and no matter the outcome of the games I will just enjoy the ride:)
Contact Us:
You may contact us via the address below with suggestions, article ideas, or questions. Please refrain from attempting to sell us Ugg boots, official NFL jerseys, or informing us how much your sister-in-law makes working from home: | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Q:
Remove keys from anywhere in a JSON string without deserialization
Without deserializing and reserializing the following deeply-nested JSON string (if this is possible), how to remove any key with the name "REMOVEME" from any nested level?
Tried:
Reluctantly tried deserializing to JsonObject / LinkedHashMap to traverse the structure with node.remove(e.getKey()) on offending keys, but Gson throws concurrent modification exceptions, and Jackson requires full deserialization.
Before:
{
"a": {
"REMOVEME" : "unwanted",
"b": {
"REMOVEME" : "unwanted",
"c": {
"d": {
"REMOVEME" : "unwanted",
"something": "default",
"e": {
"f": {
"REMOVEME" : "unwanted",
"g": {
"REMOVEME" : "unwanted",
"h": {
... ,
After:
{
"a": {
"b": {
"c": {
"d": {
"something": "default",
"e": {
"f": {
"g": {
"h": {
... ,
A:
One way to solve this is with streaming token-parsing with Gson. This method handles extremely large JSON strings with ease.
Example before and after:
{"a":{"removeme":"unwanted","b":{"c":{"removeme":{"x":1},"d":{"e":123}}}}}
{"a":{"b":{"c":{"d":{"e":123}}}}}
Essential test harness:
String rawJson = "{\"a\":{\"removeme\":\"unwanted\",\"b\":{\"c\":{\"removeme\":{\"x\":1},\"d\":{\"e\":123}}}}}";
final Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create();
JsonReader reader = gson.newJsonReader( new StringReader( rawJson ) );
StringWriter outWriter = new StringWriter();
JsonWriter writer = gson.newJsonWriter( outWriter );
JsonStreamFilter.streamFilter( reader, writer, Arrays.asList( "removeme" ) );
System.out.println( rawJson );
System.out.println( outWriter.toString() );
Tokenizing and filtering magic:
public class JsonStreamFilter
{
/**
* Filter out all properties with names included in the `propertiesToRemove` list.
*
* @param reader JsonReader to read in the JSON token
* @param writer JsonWriter to accept modified JSON tokens
* @param propertiesToRemove List of property names to remove
* @throws IOException
* @see Gson docs at https://sites.google.com/site/gson/streaming
*/
public static void streamFilter(
final JsonReader reader,
final JsonWriter writer,
final List<String> propertiesToRemove
) throws IOException
{
while ( true )
{
JsonToken token = reader.peek();
switch ( token )
{
case BEGIN_ARRAY:
reader.beginArray();
writer.beginArray();
break;
case END_ARRAY:
reader.endArray();
writer.endArray();
break;
case BEGIN_OBJECT:
reader.beginObject();
writer.beginObject();
break;
case END_OBJECT:
reader.endObject();
writer.endObject();
break;
case NAME:
String name = reader.nextName();
// Skip all nested structures stemming from this property
if ( propertiesToRemove.contains( name ) )
{
reader.skipValue();
break;
}
writer.name( name );
break;
case STRING:
String s = reader.nextString();
writer.value( s );
break;
case NUMBER:
String n = reader.nextString();
writer.value( new BigDecimal( n ) );
break;
case BOOLEAN:
boolean b = reader.nextBoolean();
writer.value( b );
break;
case NULL:
reader.nextNull();
writer.nullValue();
break;
case END_DOCUMENT:
return;
}
}
}
}
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
Effect of postharvest storage on the expression of the apple allergen Mal d 1.
Consumption of fresh apples can cause allergy in susceptible individuals. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to determine Mal d 1 levels in apple pulp using a monoclonal antibody (BIP-1). The ELISA was able to rank ten cultivars according to their Mal d 1 content (between 3.8 and 72.5 mug/g pulp). For the first time, it has been demonstrated that growing conditions and postharvest storage, using three different treatments over a 5 month period in 2 consecutive years, increase Mal d 1 expression at a translational and transcriptional level (3.5- and 8.5-fold under controlled atmosphere storage). Expression of three major Mal d 1 isoforms was observed by real-time polymerase chain reaction over the 5 month storage period, and Mal d 1.02 was the most highly expressed isoform. In conclusion, Mal d 1 gene expression was significantly increased during modified atmosphere storage. Individuals suffering from birch pollen-apple allergy syndrome might experience fewer problems consuming freshly picked apples. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Bakers Pit
Bakers Pit is a phreatic maze cave system near Buckfastleigh, Devon, England.
It was first opened in 1847 by quarrying activities.
Bakers Pit is entered via a vertical descent of 16 metres. It has of passage contained within an area of and a small stream, flowing to the River Dart, that is still actively developing the cave. It was once connected to Reeds cave, however, only "voice" connection is currently possible, and only in a few locations. Connections between the two systems have been filled in with concrete to protect the beautiful formations in the Reeds cave.
The cave was much frequented between the wars by local people during which time many of the calcite formations were destroyed, although there are signs that there is some active regeneration.
In the early 1960s an upper series was discovered significantly extending the known cave by as much as 50 per cent by climbing a vertical slot in the roof. This extension is better known as plymouth extension and contains the best examples of cave formations due to its extremely difficult access of squeezes and climbs. This upper series once went up to the surface but for conservation this has been sealed off with an emergency plan in place in case of rescue from this upper series..
Wildlife
Devon caves are good places to find humidity-loving collembola and Pseudosinella dobati (a blind white cave-adapted species), Symphyla isabellae, Tetracanthella britannica and Heteromurus nitidus have been recorded in Baker's Pit. Other invertebrates include the staphilinid beetle Quedius mesomelinus and the arachnid Lessertia denticalis.
References
Category:Caves of Devon | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Mondini dysplasia
Mondini dysplasia, also known as Mondini malformation and Mondini defect, is an abnormality of the inner ear that is associated with sensorineural hearing loss.
This deformity was first described in 1791 by Mondini after examining the inner ear of a deaf boy. The Mondini dysplasia describes a cochlea with incomplete partitioning and a reduced number of turns, an enlarged vestibular aqueduct and a dilated vestibule. A normal cochlea has two and a half turns, a cochlea with Mondini dysplasia has one and a half turns; the basal turns being normally formed with a dilated or cystic apical turn to the cochlear. The hearing loss can deteriorate over time either gradually or in a step-wise fashion, or may be profound from birth.
Hearing loss associated with Mondini dysplasia may first become manifest in childhood or early adult life. Some children may pass newborn hearing screen to lose hearing in infancy but others present with a hearing loss at birth. Hearing loss is often progressive and because of the associated widened vestibular aqueduct may progress in a step-wise fashion associated with minor head trauma. Vestibular function is also often affected. While the hearing loss is sensorineural a conductive element may exist probably because of the third window effect of the widened vestibular aqueduct. The Mondini dysplasia can occur in cases of Pendred Syndrome and Branchio-oto-renal syndrome and in other syndromes, but can occur in non-syndromic deafness.
References
External links
Category:Diseases of the ear and mastoid process
Category:Congenital disorders of eye, ear, face and neck | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
[Study of the relationship between the trace element content and the physiological properties of Salmonella typhi during submerged cultivation].
The content of trace elements in the cells served as one of the characteristics of physiological condition of the population. The character of the changes in the trace elements content depending on the rate of the microbial multiplication pointed to the importance of the mineral sources of nutrition for the development of the cells analyzed. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Thursday, December 26, 2013
Day After And Back To It
I took Christmas Day off, mostly because I figured I needed to with the shin splints bugging me so much. Today, I got up early and got back to it. I had to go back to work today too, so I had to be up first thing.
I made it five miles, despite the shin pain. That puts me at:
485
So damn close I can taste it.
But it tastes bad...like sweat. Smells bad too, like gym socks. Maybe I shouldn't have struggled so much to get to it. Heh heh.
1 comment:
About Me
Big Anklevich is a writer, podcaster, diabetic, toy collector, audiobook listener, national park patch collector, and father, but not in that order. So, why did he write them in that order if they don't belong in that order? What a douche! His thoughts may not be deep or worthwhile, but he's here to share them with the world all the same. Again, what a douche! | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Thursday during meeting at the White House on preventing school shootings, President Donald Trump said gun-free zones in schools are part of the problem.
Trump said, “We have to harden the schools, not soften them up. A gun-free zone to a killer or somebody that wants to be a killer, that’s like going in for ice cream. That’s like, here I am, take me. We have to get smart on gun-free zones. When they see it says this is a gun-free zone, that means nobody has a gun except them. Nobody will be shooting bullets in the other direction. And they see that as such a beautiful target. They live for that.”
He continued, “Frankly, you have teachers who are Marines for 20 years, and they retire and become a teacher, and they’re Army, they’re Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard. They’re people who have won shooting contest or whatever. This is what they do. They know guns, they understand guns.”
Follow Pam Key on Twitter @pamkeyNEN | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Please Upgrade Your Browser
To build an amazing experience for our customers, we require a newer browser than the one you are using.
Upgrade your browser today to access OpenHomePro.com. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
DETROIT (WXYZ) — "There are a lot of ways to celebrate a retirement. Taking a photo in front of a building fire is not one of them," said Detroit Fire Commissioner Eric Jones.
This was his response to the social media post showing Detroit firefighters posing in front of a burning house. The photo was posted on New Year's Eve.
Source: Detroit Fire Incidents Page
The photo sparked some outreach in the comments. Some viewers thought the visual was in bad taste, while others congratulated the crew on their hard work.
Detroit Fire confirmed the house was vacant, as well as the home next to it.
Here’s the house today in SW Detroit.@detroitfire says the home was vacant. The one next to it is as well.
Dep. Commissioner Dave Fornell tells me fire crews could not go inside last night and could only defensively attack the fire. pic.twitter.com/BiG7stPPfR — Brian Abel (@BrianAbelTV) January 1, 2020
Read Jones' full statement below: | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Background
==========
There is an increasing interest in studying genotype by environment interactions in terrestrial and aquatic organisms to clarify how different populations might have diverged to become adapted to local habitats, and to understand how populations may respond to human-induced selection. In marine fishes the population structure is expected to be weak because of extensive gene flow, and it might be questioned whether adaptive responses to changes in physico-chemical conditions or selective harvesting have occurred in this large vertebrate group. These objections have been challenged by an increasing number of genetic studies of population structure \[[@B1]-[@B3]\]. The focus has recently changed from the rather descriptive population genetic analyses to an intensive search for functional genes subjected to natural selection \[[@B4],[@B5]\]. The limited number of fitness-related genes reported to be associated with adaptive traits in marine or euryhaline fishes includes the three-spined stickleback ectodysplasin \[[@B6]\], European flounder Hsc70 \[[@B7]\], killifish lactate dehydrogenase \[[@B8]\], and Atlantic cod pantophysin \[[@B9],[@B10]\] and hemoglobin \[[@B11]\]. The latter study provided evidence for local adaptation in cod populations by identifying molecular mechanisms underlying the different oxygen binding properties of the cod hemoglobins in temperate and Arctic waters. An alternative strategy for identifying adaptive population divergence is to scan transcriptome databases, or the whole genome when available, for polymorphic loci to be analysed in different populations \[[@B5]\]. Evidence of directional selection in Atlantic cod was provided by genotyping multiple gene-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Northeast and Northwest Atlantic populations \[[@B12]-[@B14]\]. Outlier loci were shown to be correlated with temperatures and/or salinity conditions that might be associated with local adaptation. However, documentation of molecular changes underlying adaptive traits requires additional information about the specific genes involved and the regulatory or structural implications of the identified mutations.
Iron is an essential element required for the growth and survival of most organisms, and the iron balance is therefore tightly regulated by several interacting iron-binding factors \[[@B15]\]. Serum transferrin plays a crucial role in iron metabolism as it provides most of the iron required for organismal functions \[[@B16]\]. The two homologous iron-binding lobes of modern transferrins are believed to have evolved by gene duplication of a primitive monolobal form \[[@B17],[@B18]\], which has been reported in a surprisingly few species. Most insect transferrins bind only one ferric iron, but this is because of extensive deletions in the C-terminal lobe \[[@B19]\]. Evidence of a 44-kDa hagfish transferrin with only one iron-binding site was contradicted in a later study \[[@B20]\], and a report on monolobal rat hemiferrin turned out to be erroneous \[[@B21]\]. True monolobal transferrin has therefore been claimed to be present only in ascidian species of the Urochordates \[[@B22]-[@B24]\]. A transferrin-like otolith matrix protein (OMP) with a single potential metal binding site was identified in rainbow trout and zebrafish \[[@B25]-[@B27]\], but the protein was proposed to represent a partial sequence of the membrane-bound melanotransferrin (MTf) \[[@B28]\]. The possibility for an alternatively spliced monolobal variant of the *MTf*gene might be excluded by the identification of both genes in the fish genome.
By limiting the availability of iron for replicating pathogens transferrin provides resistance to bacterial infections \[[@B29],[@B30]\], but an iron-independent role of transferrin in the immune system is evidenced by the involvement of transferrin and its receptor in early T cell differentiation in the thymus \[[@B31]\]. The conserved dual functions of transferrin in the iron metabolism and immune response were recently demonstrated in sea bass, which responded to both bacterial infection and altered iron status by modulating the liver and brain expression of transferrin \[[@B32]\]. Bacterial species have a variety of mechanisms for obtaining transferrin-bound iron \[[@B33]\], and competition for iron from bacterial pathogens could potentially be a strong source of natural selection on vertebrate transferrins. For example, Newton et al. \[[@B34]\] provided evidence for a transferrin allele as a host-level risk factor in naturally occurring equine respiratory disease, and Jurecka et al. \[[@B35]\] showed that particular transferrin alleles were associated with the resistance of common carp to the blood parasite *Trypanoplasma borrelli*probably as a direct effect of binding to the transferrin receptor of the parasite.
Atlantic cod has been one of the major fish resources on the continental shelf and banks on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean, and has undergone a complex pattern of phylogenetic evolution, including population fluctuations attributable to long-term geological events, short-term ecological history and contemporary antropogenic fishing and environmental shifts \[[@B36],[@B37]\]. Serum transferrin polymorphism in Atlantic cod was reported almost 50 years ago \[[@B38]\], and the presence of two distinct cod populations at the Faroe Islands was proposed by analysing the frequencies of five transferrin types \[[@B39]\]. The important role played by transferrin in the immune response makes this polymorphic gene highly valuable for identifying adaptive divergence between local populations. Here we report on selective signatures of a tandem duplicated transferrin gene in trans-Atlantic populations, and provide novel evidence for the evolution of modern transferrins from a monolobal transferrin locus.
Results
=======
Four cod transferrin genes
--------------------------
Two full-length Atlantic cod *Tf*cDNAs with different 3\'UTR length were identified in the GAFFA database of the Norwegian coastal cod population. The open reading frame (ORF) of 2073 nucleotides (nt) was identical in the two cDNAs, and the 689 amino acids (aa) of the designated cod Tf1 were predicted (Figure [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). The corresponding *Tf1*gene spanned about 8 kb of scaffold GmG100427sc4451 in the reference genome of Atlantic cod representing the Northeast Arctic population (Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). Aligning the *Tf1*genomic and cDNA sequences revealed 17 exons sharing 100% sequence identity with the *Tf1*cDNA. The allelic variant of cod *Tf1*identified in the two Northeast Atlantic populations was named *Tf1*-NE.
{#F1}
{#F2}
A second transferrin gene designated cod *Tf2*was found about 16.5 kb downstream of *Tf1*(Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). The 17 exons of *Tf2*were identified by aligning the tandem duplicated *Tf*genes, and the predicted 683 aa of Tf2 shared 84% identity with cod Tf1 (Figure [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). The two serum transferrins showed 82 and 78% identity, respectively, with haddock Tf, but only 53-63% identity with the non-gadoid fish Tfs presented in the constructed phylogenetic tree (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). Although the gadoids clustered with the Antarctic notothenioids examined, the phylogenetic tree seems to be consistent with the taxonomic classification of teleosts, while man and *Ciona*formed separate branches. Four potential iron-binding residues forming a DYYH motif \[[@B40]\] are conserved in both the N- and C-lobe of cod Tf1 and Tf2, and the two lobes contained 12 and 14 conserved Cys residues, respectively, involved in the formation of disulphide bridges (Figure [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). However, the basic Arg residue serving as the principal anchor for the synergistic carbonate anion has been changed to Lys131 in the N-lobe of Tf1 and to Thr455 in the C-lobe of Tf2. The corresponding Arg124Lys mutation in the N-lobal anion binding site of human Tf generated a protein much more facile in releasing iron \[[@B41]\]. The 3D structure of Tf1 and Tf2 illustrates the bilobal nature of the proteins in which each lobe is divided into two subdomains connected by a hinge that give rise to a deep cleft containing the iron-binding residues (Figure [4A, B](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). The expression of the two genes was semi-quantified by RT-PCR using gene specific primers. The transcripts of both *Tf1*and *Tf2*were identified in the liver and brain, but *Tf2*was expressed at very low levels compared to *Tf1*(Figure [5A](#F5){ref-type="fig"}). Reducing the number of PCR cycles from 35 to 25 diminished the *Tf1*amplicon considerably only in the brain, indicating abundant expression of *Tf1*in the liver.
{#F3}
{#F4}
{#F5}
A cod melanotransferrin (*MTf*) gene and its cDNA were identified in scaffold GmG100427s526 of the reference genome (Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}) and in the GAFFA database, respectively. Sequence alignment revealed 17 exons, and the ORF of 2166 nt encodes the predicted 722 aa of cod MTf, which showed only 36% identity with cod Tf1 and Tf2 (Figure [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). In comparison, cod MTf shared 62-69% identity with the MTf of stickleback, medaka, pufferfish and zebrafish. The cluster of fish and human MTf in the phylogenetic tree was, however, not supported by the low boot strap value (\<50%), and *Ciona*Tf formed a separate branch (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). All four iron-binding residues (Asp393, Tyr423, Tyr527, His596) are present in the C-lobe of cod MTf, whereas Tyr56 and Arg257 in the N-lobe have replaced the crucial Asp and His residues, respectively (Figure [4C](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). Thus, the iron-binding activity is apparently intact only in the C-lobe of cod MTf, in contrast to the binding of iron to the N-lobe of mammalian MTf, in which the C-lobe is involved in membrane anchoring \[[@B42]\]. Although the residues for iron binding are not conserved in MTf, the overall sequence identity between the two lobes in MTf is higher than those of Tf in both man (48% and 42%, respectively) and cod (42% and 36%; Tf1, 38%; Tf2). Consistently, the N- and C-lobes of cod MTf aligned closely in the superimposition of the two lobes (Figure [4C](#F4){ref-type="fig"}), and a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 1.5 Å over 264 aligned C-α atoms was calculated.
A monolobal transferrin of only 370 aa was predicted from the 9 exons identified in a gene spanning the entire scaffold GmG100427s1898 of 37.8 kb in the reference cod genome (Figure [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"} and [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). The completeness of the gene was confirmed by the identification of the orthologous gene and the conserved flanking genes *Senp2*, *Tra2b*, *D2hgdh*and *Slitrk3*in the other fish genomes available, including medaka and stickleback (Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). Whole mount *in situ*hybridization revealed the exclusive staining of the otoliths in the cod larvae (Figure [5B](#F5){ref-type="fig"}), and the predicted protein showed 79 and 76% identity, respectively, with the otolith matrix protein (OMP) of rainbow trout and zebrafish \[[@B25],[@B27]\]. Cod OMP shared low identity with the N- and C-lobes, respectively, of Tf1 (32% and 31%), Tf2 (34% and 32%) and MTf (38% and 35%), which are slightly higher than the identities of 31 and 30% between the monolobal nicaTf and the N- and C- lobes, respectively, of Tf in *Ciona intestinalis*\[[@B43]\]. The monolobal nature of cod OMP was illustrated by the 3D model of the protein superimposed on the C-lobe of cod MTf (Figure [4D](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). The C-α RMSD of 1.52 and 0.60 Å, respectively, between OMP and the N- and C-lobes of MTf (over 271 and 315 aligned C-α atoms, respectively) indicates a major structural similarity of OMP to the C-lobe, although cod OMP is lacking all the key residues for iron and carbonate anion binding, except for the conserved Tyr111 (Figure [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}).
Cod Tf1 polymorphisms
---------------------
Polymorphisms in the cod *Tf1*were found by comparing the *Tf1*-NE variant with a *Tf*cDNA isolated from a Northwest (NW) Atlantic cod population \[[@B44]\]. The missing N-terminal coding sequence of the latter variant named *Tf1*-NW was PCR amplified from a heterozygous Faroe cod, and a total of 22 SNPs were identified by aligning the protein coding sequences of the two cod *Tf1*variants (Additional file [1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}; Figure S1). The 18 non-synonymous substitution sites were found to cause 16 amino acid replacements, including eight surface residues (Figure [4E](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). Additionally, E160 is deleted in the NW variant probably as the result of alternative splicing of exons 5 and 6. The 3D model of the NE and NW variants revealed no structural differences in the iron-binding sites, and the high structural similarity between the two variants was expressed by the calculated RMSD of only 0.64Å between Cα atoms. The *d*~*N*~/*d*~*S*~ratio of 5.8 between the NW and NE variants is significantly greater than 1 (*p*= 0.0013) indicating strong positive selection on the cod *Tf1*gene.
Population genetic analyses
---------------------------
The cod *Tf1*polymorphisms were investigated in 14 cod populations covering the North Atlantic (Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}, Additional file [2](#S2){ref-type="supplementary-material"}; Figure S2) by genotyping six of the 22 identified SNPs. The NE haplotype was almost fixed in the Baltic cod samples and predominated in the other eastern Atlantic samples, although at slightly different frequencies in the Northeast Arctic cod and the Greenland Nuuk sample (Figure [6](#F6){ref-type="fig"}, Additional file [3](#S3){ref-type="supplementary-material"}: Table S1). In contrast, the NW alleles of the three SNPs tf-8, tf-10 and tf-11 dominated in the Canadian samples examined, whereas alleles of the N-terminal (tf-6) and the C-terminal SNPs (tf-13, tf-22) were in similar proportions among all west Atlantic samples, including the Greenland Sisimiut cod. Population pair-wise *F*~ST~values based on all six SNP loci demonstrated a clear genetic separation between eastern and western cod samples, with intermediate Northeast Arctic (Båtsfjord) and Greenland cod (Figure [7](#F7){ref-type="fig"}; Additional file [4](#S4){ref-type="supplementary-material"}: Table S2). Heterozygosity showed an increasing trend from almost zero in the Baltic to close to 50% in western Atlantic samples (Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}, Additional file [3](#S3){ref-type="supplementary-material"}: Table S1).
######
Atlantic cod sampling locations and heterozygosities.
Locality Lat Long Sampling year Sample size ***H***~**o**~ ***H***~**e**~
--------------------------- ------- -------- --------------- ------------- ---------------- ----------------
Baltic Öland 56.04 16.41 2004 29 0.006 0.006
Baltic Bornholm 55.50 16.00 2004 30 0.039 0.039
Kattegat 56.90 12.15 2004 29 0.058 0.056
North Sea 55.57 05.85 2002 29 0.126 0.119
Norwegian coast, Molde 62.80 06.44 2003 12 0.083 0.083
Norwegian coast, Malangen 69.71 17.33 2003 18 0.222 0.203
Faeroe Bank 61.10 -08.30 2008 50 0.154 0.143
Faeroe Plateau 61.96 -06.02 2008 49 0.109 0.104
Barents Sea, Båtsfjord 70.65 29.81 2003 10 0.220 0.304
Greenland Nuuk 64.73 -50.45 2003 25 0.419 0.344
Greenland Sisimiut 66.84 -52.89 2003 25 0.573 0.469
Labrador 52.06 -53.39 2004 19 0.534 0.466
Nova Scotia 45.74 -58.41 2003 25 0.456 0.459
Georges bank 42.15 -67.01 2003 25 0.546 0.478
*H*~o~observed heterozygosity across six *Tf1*SNP loci, *H*~e~expected heterozygosity.
{ref-type="supplementary-material"}; Figure S2 for sampling locations, and Additional file [3](#S3){ref-type="supplementary-material"}: Table S1 for SNP alleles.](1471-2156-12-51-6){#F6}
{#F7}
Discussion
==========
The identification of four transferrin genes in the Atlantic cod genome adds novel information to our knowledge about the evolution of the transferrin gene family by documenting 1) the expression of tandem duplicated transferrin genes, 2) presence of both bilobal and monolobal transferrin forms in the fish genome, 3) highly conserved synteny between fish monolobal and tetrapod bilobal transferrin loci, and 4) evidence of positive selection acting on a tandem duplicated transferrin gene in trans-Atlantic cod populations. The close linkage of the *Tf1*and *Tf2*genes in the cod genome confirms the suggested tandem duplication of transferrin genes in salmonids and channel catfish based on Southern blotting, pedigree and RFLP analyses \[[@B45]-[@B48]\]. The higher sequence identity between the Tf genes in salmonids (96%) than in cod (84%) indicates separate events of tandem gene duplication of this iron-binding protein, and are supported by the separate TF1/Tf2 bifurcations in salmonids, cod and flounder in the phylogenetic tree.
The evolution of bilobal transferrins from an ancestral monolobal form is thought to have occurred in the last common ancestor of vertebrates and arthropods at least 600 MYA \[[@B28],[@B49]-[@B51]\]. However, Williams et al. \[[@B52]\] proposed that the gene duplication event occurred in the prochordates about 500 MYA and correlated with the evolution of a filtration kidney in higher vertebrates that would cause the excretion of monolobal transferrins of about 40 kDa. Tinoco et al. \[[@B24]\] argued that the major advantage for the evolution of bilobal transferrins is the stronger iron affinity because of cooperativity, while monolobal transferrins may have evolved as more general metal ion transporters such as the proposed role of ascidian nicaTf in vanadium trafficking using carbonate as synergistic anion \[[@B53]\]. Contrasting with nicaTf, the iron-binding residues are not conserved in the fish OMP, which seems to be involved in the otolith formation by providing calcium carbonate \[[@B25]\]. The otoliths grow by the continuous deposition of calcium carbonate, and knockdown of zebrafish *Omp*caused a reduction in otolith size \[[@B27]\]. Thus, this monolobal fish transferrin form has apparently acquired a novel function within the otoliths without being excreted by the kidney.
The evolution of modern transferrins might be elucidated by searching for conserved synteny between monolobal and bilobal transferrin genes. Similar to the linkage of the different transferrin genes in mammals and chicken \[[@B54]\], the *Ciona nicaTf*and *Tf*-like genes are both located on chromosome 7q \[[@B43]\], but we were not able to find any syntenic segments between these linkage groups. In contrast, the fish *Tf*, *MTf*and *Omp*genes are positioned on three linkage groups, and the *Omp*flanking genes *Senp2*, *Tra2b*and *D2hgdh*are closely linked to chicken *Tf*on chromosome 9, while *Senp2*, *Tra2b*and *Slitrk3*are flanked by human *MTF*and *Tf*on chromosome 3 (Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). The conserved synteny between fish monolobal and tetrapod bilobal transferrin loci infers close evolutionary relationship, and we propose that an *Omp*-like gene became duplicated and gave rise to a bilobal form in the common ancestor of the fish and tetrapod lineages. The presence of a single *Omp*gene and the chromosomal separation of the different transferrin genes in the extant fish genome could be explained by two whole genome duplication events, which are believed to have occurred in the ancestral vertebrate \[[@B55]\]. Our speculative model implies that the melanotransferrin and the other transferrins did not evolve from a common bilobal protein, but originated from at least two distinct single gene duplication and fusion events. This is supported by the much higher similarity between the N- and C-lobes of melanotransferrin compared to serum transferrin, although the difference might also be explained by their different functions \[[@B56]\].
The success of competition for the transferrin-bound iron by pathogens depends on the shape and surface charge of the transferrin molecule \[[@B57]\]. Selection for new replacement alleles has been proposed to play a large role in the evolution of transferrin within salmonids, carp and notothenioids \[[@B35],[@B58]-[@B60]\]. We show here that positive selection on the *Tf1*gene in Atlantic cod is significant as evidenced from the high *d*~*N*~/*d*~*S*~ratio between western and eastern Atlantic cod sequences, and suggest that the replacement of surface residues might affect the binding of pathogen transferrin receptors. Another way to test for positive selection is to compare patterns of genetic divergence among populations for the transferrin SNPs with the population structure in neutral genetic markers. Two microsatellite datasets \[[@B61],[@B62]\] and one dataset based on 88 putatively neutral SNPs \[[@B13]\] cover most of the transect from the Baltic along the Norwegian coast across to Greenland, Canada and USA. These neutral markers show several times less divergence compared to the transferrin SNPs (Figure [7](#F7){ref-type="fig"}). Although one should be cautious when comparing genetic markers with different mutational properties such as microsatellites and SNPs, this large difference would suggest positive selection on the transferrin gene, rather than divergence due to geographic isolation. Atlantic cod has been shown in previous studies to be subject to positive selection on several genetic loci in relation to different environmental factors on both local and global scales. Most notable are the observed clines in PanI and hemoglobin in relation to water temperature \[[@B9],[@B11],[@B63],[@B64]\]. Baltic cod is highly divergent in the hemoglobin \[[@B65]\] and heat shock protein *HSP90*genes \[[@B13]\] compared to other populations, and show specific adaptations such as egg buoyancy and sperm motility to the low salinity environment \[[@B66]\]. Intriguingly, additional biological functions of transferrin were suggested by the relation of the carp transferrin polymorphism to sperm motility characteristics \[[@B67]\], and the transferrin polymorphism in tilapia was proposed to be associated with saltwater tolerance \[[@B68]\]. However, transferrin does not seem to be under a particular selection pressure in the Baltic cod population, since SNP allele frequencies in Baltic samples were similar to those collected in the Kattegat, Skagerrak and North Sea.
In a recent large scale population genomic study of 1641 SNP loci, Bradbury et al. \[[@B14]\] demonstrated temperature-associated clines in SNP allele frequencies on both sides of the Atlantic, suggesting selection on multiple independent genes in response to ocean temperature. This large-scale study also showed a clear pattern of reduced heterozygosity in eastern cod populations \[[@B14]\]. Whereas a similar cline in heterozygosity across the Atlantic was shown in the present tranferrin study, Nielsen et al. \[[@B13]\] did not find such a pattern for 88 neutral SNP loci. The contrasting patterns of heterozygosity may be due to ascertainment bias, since the SNP loci showing reduced heterozygosity in the eastern Atlantic were developed from Canadian cod \[[@B14]\], whereas the SNPs in Nielsen et al. \[[@B13]\] were developed from Norwegian cod in the east Atlantic. In the present study, the transferrin SNPs were identified by comparing cDNA sequences from Canadian and Norwegian cod specimen, thus excluding ascertainment bias due to different population histories. Instead the difference in heterozygosity between eastern and western Atlantic cod is most likely due to selection. The issue whether selection has acted on the NE or NW cod populations or both might be addressed by comparing the different gadoid Tf sequences. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the Tf1-NE variant had higher similarity than the NW variant to the closest outgroups haddock Tf and cod Tf2. Comparison of the 16 aa changing sites in the cod Tf1 shows that the NE variant is identical to haddock Tf in 8 sites, while only 3 sites in the NW variant are identical to haddock Tf (Table [2](#T2){ref-type="table"}). In addition, the NE variant of Tf1 is identical to Tf2 at 12 sites, whereas the NW variant and Tf2 are identical at only one site of the 16 substitutions. Thus, the most parsimonious explanation is that the NE variant is ancestral to the NW variant of cod Tf1, and that cod in the NW populations has undergone adaptive evolution. If environmental conditions vary temporally, multiple alleles may be selected for, increasing heterozygosity, as has been suggested for immune resistance genes \[[@B69],[@B70]\]. We have not investigated polymorphism in cod Tf2 in the different populations, which might further elucidate the origin and divergence of this iron-binding protein.
######
Comparison of the 16 substituted amino acids in the two cod Tf1 variants with cod Tf2 and haddock Tf
SNP tf-6 tf-8 tf-10 tf-11 tf-13 tf-22
------------- -------- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
**AA site** **52** **160** **161** **264** **270** **280** **285** **286** **337** **369** **407** **475** **653** **668** **680** **686** **688**
Cod TF1-NE **R** [E]{.ul} [A]{.ul} **D** G [R]{.ul} **N** [L]{.ul} T Y [G]{.ul} **T** [Q]{.ul} V [D]{.ul} [T]{.ul} [F]{.ul}
Cod TF1-NW K S \- V *E* T *S* F P S Q H L *I* E I S
Cod TF2 **R** [E]{.ul} [A]{.ul} **D** R [R]{.ul} **N** [L]{.ul} \- N [G]{.ul} **T** [Q]{.ul} *I* [D]{.ul} [T]{.ul} [F]{.ul}
Haddock \- [E]{.ul} [A]{.ul} K *E* [R]{.ul} *S* [L]{.ul} S Q [G]{.ul} I [Q]{.ul} *I* [D]{.ul} [T]{.ul} [F]{.ul}
Ala161 is deleted in cod Tf1-NW.
Could historical factors have shaped the cod *Tf1*SNP allele frequencies? Paleoecological modelling, as well as nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers, suggests that cod populations have survived as least for 100 000 years on both sides of the Atlantic \[[@B36],[@B37]\]. Cod populations were more fragmented in the western Atlantic during the last glacial maximum 20 KYA \[[@B36]\], and due to drift and bottlenecks different alleles may have increased in frequency in more or less isolated NW populations. However, the higher substitution rate in nonsynonymous sites, and the fact that multiple alleles are present also in the NE populations, though in low frequencies, argues against the idea that historical expansion in the NW populations alone could explain the observed genetic pattern. Other genetic data suggest that the Greenland populations of Atlantic cod post-dates the last glacial period \[[@B36]\], which possibly could help explain the observed intermediate allele frequencies in Greenland samples.
Conclusion
==========
The fish transferrin genes provide novel evidence for the evolution of modern transferrins from monolobal transferrins by documenting highly conserved synteny between fish and tetrapods. We propose that the evolution of the iron-binding and iron-independent functions of the different transferrin family members probably involved more than a single event of gene duplication and fusion of monolobal transferrins. Although the specific forces driving evolution of the cod Tf1 are uncertain, the multiple surface residue changes suggest an evolutionary competition for transferrin-bound iron between the host and invading pathogens. We did not find any difference in transferrin allele frequency between the two Faroe populations as previously suggested \[[@B39]\], and also recently based on microsatellites \[[@B61]\]. Neither was the distinctness of Baltic cod previously demonstrated for both neutral markers and coding genes, eg. hemoglobin, supported by the transferrin polymorphisms. Our results underline that functional genetic differences should not be overlooked in fisheries management, but also that markers under selection may give a completely different view of stock structure compared to neutral markers.
Methods
=======
Identification of cod transferrin genes and alleles
---------------------------------------------------
The genomic sequences of Atlantic cod *Tf1*, *Tf2*, *MTf*and *Omp*were found by BLAST search of the reference genome representing the Northeast Arctic population (<http://www.codgenome.no>), and the cDNAs were identified by screening the GAFFA database of the Norwegian coastal cod population. The designated NE variant of cod *Tf1*differed at multiple positions from a published cod *Tf*sequence \[[@B44]\]. This was verified by PCR using templates of liver cDNA and genomic DNA from three Faroe cod specimen, including one heterozygous fish possessing both variants. Primer sequences are available upon request. The liver samples were stored in RNA later (Ambion) before extraction of genomic DNA (Qiagen) and total RNA using Trizol Reagent (Invitrogen Life Technologies). Liver cDNA was synthesized from 1 μg total RNA using the SMART RACE cDNA amplification kit (Clontech Laboratories Inc.) after DNAse treatment (TURBO DNA-free kit, Ambion). The PCR reactions were cycled in a standard thermocycler using the Advantage 2 PCR Enzyme system (Clontech) at standard conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The PCR products were sequenced in both directions with Big Dye sequencing kit (v.3.1) on 3730 ABI DNA Analyser (Applied Biosystems).
Gene expression analyses
------------------------
### RT-PCR
Tissue expression of *Tf1*and *Tf2*was semi-quantified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using liver and brain from two adult Atlantic cod from the Northeast Arctic population. PCR was run for 35 or 25 cycles with gene specific primers (Additional file [5](#S5){ref-type="supplementary-material"}: Table S3) on liver and brain cDNA templates synthesized as described above.
### Whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH)
WISH analysis of *Omp*expression in cod larvae was carried out as described \[[@B71]\]. A 906-bp region of cod *Omp*was PCR amplified using gene specific primers (Additional file [5](#S5){ref-type="supplementary-material"}: Table S3), and sense- and antisense probes, respectively, were synthesized from Sp6- and T7-tailed PCR product and labelled with digoxigenin (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Twenty newly hatched larvae were fixed for WISH analysis.
Generation of 3D protein structures
-----------------------------------
All computational experiments were conducted on a Hewlett-Packard xw8600 workstation running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5. Sequence analysis was performed using BLAST \[[@B72]\] through the Protein Data Bank (BLOSUM62 matrix). Human serum transferrin (Protein Data Bank ID [2HAU](2HAU)) \[[@B73]\] was selected as the most appropriate template to generate comparative models and showed sequence identities with cod Tf1-NE, Tf1-NW, Tf2, MTf and OMP of 45%, 45%, 44%, 40% and 35%, respectively. The template structure was then aligned against the cod sequences using ClustalW program \[[@B74]\]. Each sequence alignment was then checked to ensure that (i) all the secondary structural elements had a minimum number of insertions or deletions within them, and (ii) Cys residues forming consensus disulfide bridges were conserved \[[@B75]\]. Once an acceptable alignment had been produced, an ensemble of 50 models of the five different cod proteins were built using MODELLER v. 9.7 \[[@B76]\] as implemented in Discovery Studio (Accelrys Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) and ranked using the MODELLER objective function, which is highly efficient in ranking different models calculated from the same alignment. It should be noted that the disulfide bridges between conserved Cys were not included as a restraint in the modeling process, but that the relative position of two Cys side chains in the resulting (unrestrained) model led us to suggest the existence of a disulfide. The stereochemical quality of the structures was assessed by PROCHECK \[[@B77]\] supplemented by the profile programs VERIFY3D \[[@B78]\] and ProSA-web \[[@B79]\]. In order to assess the reliability of each model, the corresponding energy graphs were compared with the template [2HAU](2HAU) structure.
Phylogenetic analyses
---------------------
Database searches were used to identify in total 40 amino acid sequences from teleost species, *Ciona intestinalis*and man (Additional file [6](#S6){ref-type="supplementary-material"}: Table S4). The C-terminal domain of Tf and MTf sequences was aligned with OMP sequences using ClustalX \[[@B80]\] and by manual editing. The final alignment consisted of 40 taxa and 330 characters. The best evolution model based on the sequence alignment was determined using ProtTest \[[@B81]\]. The sequences were used to infer the phylogeny in a Bayesian framework applying the program MrBayes v3.1.2 \[[@B82]\]. The Bayesian inferences were done as follows: two independent runs, each with three cold and one heated MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) chains were started from a random starting tree. The two runs lasted for 5,000,000 generations. The covarion (COV) model was used together with the WAG+G+I to accommodate for different substitution rates across sites (G + proportion of invariable sites (I)) and across sequences (COV). The maximum likelihood (ML) tree was estimated using the program RAxML v.6 \[[@B83]\]. The topology with the highest likelihood score out of 100 heuristic searches, each from a random starting tree, was selected, and bootstrapping was done with 100 pseudoreplicates and one heuristic search per replicate. In the ML analyses, the WAG model with a gamma-distributed rate of variation across sites (G) was employed. All phylogenetic analyses were done on the freely available Bioportal at University of Oslo <http://www.bioportal.uio.no>. The Nei-Gojobori method \[[@B84]\] implemented in DNAsp 5.0 was used to calculate rates of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions in the identified Norwegian *Tf1*cDNA sequence compared to the Canadian sequence \[[@B44]\]. We then used the *z*-test in MEGA (4.0) to test for positive selection.
Population sampling and SNP genotyping
--------------------------------------
In total 375 adult individuals were collected during 2002-2008 from 14 localities covering the geographical region of the North Atlantic inhabited by Atlantic cod (Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}, Additional file [2](#S2){ref-type="supplementary-material"}; Figure S2). Genomic DNA was extracted from fin clips, muscle tissue or gill arches, and six SNPs loci (Additional File [1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}: Figure S1) spanning the *Tf1*gene were genotyped for all individuals using the MassARRAY system from Sequenom (San Diego, USA). PCR primers and extension primers were designed using the software SpectroDESIGNER v3.0 (Sequenom) (Additional file [5](#S5){ref-type="supplementary-material"}: Table S3). Genomic DNA was PCR amplified as described \[[@B85]\], and the SNP genotyping was performed according to the iPLEX protocol from Sequenom available at <http://www.sequenom.com/iplex>. For allele separations the Sequenom MassARRAY Analyzer (Autoflex mass spectrometer) was used. Genotypes were assigned in real time \[[@B86]\] using the MassARRAY SpectroTYPER RT v3.4 software (Sequenom) based on the mass peaks present. All results were manually inspected using the MassARRAY Typer Analyzer v3.3 software (Sequenom).
Statistical analyses of population genetic data
-----------------------------------------------
SNP heterozygosities and population differentiation (*F*~ST~) were calculated using Genepop 4.0.10 \[[@B87]\]. Statistical significance of population differentiation was assessed using Fishers exact test implemented in Genepop.
List of abbreviations
=====================
Tf: Transferrin; OMP: otolith matrix protein; Mtf: melanotransferrin; RMSD: root mean square deviation; WISH: whole mount in situ hybridization; RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; UTR: untranslated region; ORF: open reading frame.
Authors\' contributions
=======================
ØA and CA conceived and designed the study, and wrote the manuscript. MCDR and DP performed the computer modeling study and the generation of 3D structures. ATK carried out the phylogenetic analyses. PEP was responsible for the Faroe cod samples. CA performed the statistical analyses. All authors critically read the manuscript drafts and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Supplementary Material
======================
###### Additional file 1
**Figure S1 Alignment of the NE and NW variants of Atlantic cod *Tf1*cDNAs**. The Atlantic cod Tf1 cDNA derived from two Northeast Atlantic populations was compared with that of a Northwest Atlantic population \[[@B44]\]. The 22 SNPs identified are numbered, and the six analysed SNPs are shown in bold.
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 2
**Figure S2 Map of the Atlantic cod populations examined**. Six out of 22 SNPs identified in cod Tf1 were analysed in 14 populations across the North-Atlantic.
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 3
**Table S1 Genotype frequencies for six Atlantic cod Tf1 SNP loci in 14 samples across the North Atlantic**. Sample sizes of cod collected at each location in the first row.
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 4
**Table S2 Genetic differentiation among pairs of Atlantic cod samples**. Below diagonal are pairwise *F*~ST~-values, and above diagonal statistical significance values \**P*\< 0.05; \*\**P*\< 0.01; \*\*\**P*\< 0.001.
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 5
**Table S3 PCR primers for SNP analysis, RT-PCR and WISH**. The sequences are shown in 5\'-3\' direction.
######
Click here for file
###### Additional file 6
**Table S4 Accesion numbers of the proteins included in the phylogenetic analysis**. Several distinct transferrin genes have been described in some teleost species.
######
Click here for file
Acknowledgements
================
We thank Lou van Eeckhaute, Marie Storr-Paulsen, John Brattey, Henrik Svedäng, Yvonne Walther, Halvor Knutsen, Per-Erik Jorde and Svein-Erik Fevolden for providing cod samples. Hege Munk, Arne Roseth, Paul Berg, Hanne Johnsen and Jacob Torgersen are acknowledged for excellent technical assistance. Financial support was provided by the Norwegian Research Council and Swedish Research Councils Formas and VR. Parts of the analyses were conducted within the framework of the BaltGene project funded by BONUS Baltic Organisations\' Network for Funding Science EEIG, and the Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology at University of Gothenburg (<http://www.cemeb.science.gu.se>).
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
AUBURN, Alabama -- Detectives were still gathering evidence this morning as steady rain began to fall at the scene of a shooting at an apartment complex in a popular student neighborhood.
Auburn police issued no official statement, but confirmed there was a shooting with multiple victims at the University Heights apartment complex at 202 West Longleaf Drive.
[Earlier:
]
Dozens of police cars, ambulances and fire trucks descended on the front of the complex late Saturday. One onlooker said he said a saw a body covered by police. Officers later put a tent around the crime scene to shield the view and protect the scene from rain. Evidence markers were placed throughout the parking lot.
The shooting appeared to take place directly in front of the apartment's office or clubhouse. Detectives combed through bushes and parking lots looking for evidence, aided by bright lights brought in by the fire department.
For several hours, even residents of the complex weren't allowed to enter. Eventually, police directed residents to park at a retail lot near College Street and walk to the apartments. They were escorted into the gates by police after their IDs were checked.
Many curious onlookers gathered to watch from the sidewalk. Some were apparent witnesses. Police took down statements and information from several people.
One man who seemed intoxicated was arrested at about 2 a.m., but it did not appear to be related to the shooting.
Police are expected to release an official statement later this morning. Police chief Tommy Dawson was at the crime scene. He has not confirmed the names of any victims nor given any information about a possible suspect. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
A window ball grid array (WBGA) semiconductor package employs an advanced type of BGA packaging technology, wherein at least one opening is formed through a substrate, and a semiconductor chip is mounted on the substrate in an upside-down manner that an active surface of the chip faces downwards and covers the opening of the substrate, allowing the chip to be electrically connected to a lower surface of the substrate via a plurality of gold wires received in the opening. Such package structure can effectively reduce the length of gold wires and improve the quality of electrical communication between the chip and substrate, which thus has been widely applied to DRAM (dynamic random access memory) chips having central pads.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,218,731 discloses a WBGA semiconductor package. As shown in FIG. 1, this semiconductor package 3 comprises a substrate 30 having a central opening 304 therethrough; a chip 31 mounted on the substrate 30, with bond pads 310a on an active surface 310 of the chip 31 being exposed to the opening 304 of the substrate 30; a plurality of gold wires 33 received in the opening 304, for electrically connecting the bond pad 310a of the chip 31 to a lower surface of the substrate 30; a first encapsulant 340 and a second encapsulant 341 formed on an upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate 30 respectively, for encapsulating the chip 31 and filling the opening 304; a plurality of solder balls 35 implanted on the lower surface of the substrate 30 not having the second encapsulant 341, for establishing electrical connection with external electronic devices.
Conventionally due to cost concerns for fabricating the above semiconductor package, a molding process is performed in a batch manner to encapsulate a substrate strip comprising a plurality of substrates, and then a sawing process is carried out to separate apart the individual substrates. As shown in FIG. 2, after the chip-mounting and wire-bonding processes, the substrate strip 30 (designated with the same reference numeral as substrate) is placed between an upper mold and a lower mold of a transfer mold 37. After engaging the upper and lower molds, injecting a molding compound and performing a curing step, which are known in the art, the first encapsulant 340 and the second encapsulant 341 are respectively formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate 30. Finally, after the ball-implanting process, the package structure is sawed to form a plurality of individual WBGA semiconductor packages 3.
Such molding method is relatively cost-effective and suitable for mass production. However, since loops of the gold wires and the second encapsulant for encapsulating the gold wires protrude from the lower surface of the substrate, in order to fabricate appropriate second encapsulants, it needs to prepare different types of molds corresponding to different sizes and structures of openings in the substrates, which would undesirably increase the fabrication cost. Moreover, in order to completely encapsulate the gold wires, the second encapsulant may occupy relatively much area on the substrate, thereby limiting the density and number of solder balls that can be implanted on the substrate. In addition, since the first encapsulant and the second encapsulant are not completely symmetric to each other, the upper and lower molds may not firmly clamp the substrate, thereby leading to flash of the second encapsulant on the lower surface of the substrate. This not only affects the appearance of the package but also may cover ball pads on lower surface of the substrate, which would adversely affect the ball-implanting process and degrade the electrical performance of the solder balls formed on the ball pads. As a result, an extra step of using a solvent to remove the encapsulant flash is required. The flash problem is thus considered as a significant drawback in the prior art.
Therefore, the problem to be solved here is to provide a semiconductor package and a method for fabricating the same, which can increase the density of implanted solder balls and solve the flash problem, so as to improve the overall yield and electrical performance. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
Terms of Use
Terms and Conditions
This Internet website is provided by Acme Realty and/or its various divisions and subsidiaries (collectively referred to as ” Acme Realty”). Use of materials presented on this site is subject to the following terms and conditions. You agree to these terms and conditions by accessing this site. This Internet website is provided by Acme Realty and/or its various divisions and subsidiaries (collectively referred to as ” Acme Realty”). Use of materials presented on this site is subject to the following terms and conditions. You agree to these terms and conditions by accessing this site.
Copyright; Use of Content
All content included on the Acme Realty website, such as text, graphics, logos, button icons, images, and the underlying software, is the property of Acme Realty or its content suppliers and is protected by United States and international copyright, trademark or other laws. The materials posted on these pages by Acme Realty may be retrieved solely for your own personal use and may be downloaded to your own hard disk or sent to a printer solely for that purpose. You, except as expressly authorized herein. Acme Realty grants a limited license to real estate brokers to provide their bona fide clients with copies of any content included on the Acme Realty website relating to Acme Realty’s properties; provided that the broker does not charge a fee for such copies and does not change or modify the content and includes in all copies any proprietary marks appearing on the page from which the content was taken. Except as expressly set forth above, you may not copy, modify or distribute the contents of these pages without the express written permission of Acme Realty. All information and content included on the Acme Realty website is provided “as is” and without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement. The information and material contained in this website are believed to be accurate and current only as of the date such information and material is first posted to the website. Acme Realty does not warrant or make any representations about the accuracy, completeness, currency or reliability of the information contained on this website, and you should confirm any information presented at this website before relying on it in any way. It is not the policy of Acme Realty to update press releases or articles and Acme Realty hereby disclaims any duty or obligation to provide any such updates.
If you believe that your work appears on the Acme Realty website and has been copied in a way that constitutes a violation of any United States or international copyright law, please contact us immediately.
Third Party Sites
Information provided on the Acme Realty website may contain links to other third party sites. The Acme Realty Terms and Conditions are not intended to govern any third-party sites. We do not monitor, make any representation with respect to or assume any liability with respect to any third-party sites, including, without limitation, any products or services that are advertised or available for purchase through such third-party sites. We are not responsible, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with the use of or reliance on any third-party content, products or services.
Limitation of Liability
Acme Realty, its employees or agents, or anyone else who has been involved in the creation, production or delivery of these pages shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential or exemplary damages, including but not limited to, damages for loss of profits, goodwill, use, data or other intangible losses (even if Acme Realty has been advised of the possibility of such damages), resulting from: (i) your use or inability to use the website; (ii) your use, copying or distribution (whether authorized or unauthorized) of content on the website; (iii) unauthorized access to or alteration of your transmissions or data; (iii)(iv) statement or conduct or any third party on the website; or (iv)(v) any other matter relating to the website.
Controlling Law; Venue and Jurisdiction; Limitations
The Acme Realty website is controlled and operated by Acme Realty in the United States and is intended for use within the United States. Acme Realty makes no representation that materials on these pages are appropriate or available for use in other locations. Those who choose to access these pages from other locations do so on their own initiative and are responsible for compliance with local laws. By visiting the Acme Realty website, you agree that all disputes, disagreements, disputes/litigation, regulatory and other action relating in any way to your visit to this website or the information, links or any other data contained on, within or accessed via this website, provided such information or data is within the care and control of Acme Realty, shall be construed, performed and enforced in accordance with federal copyright law and the laws of the state of Delaware without regard to principles of conflict of laws. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Maturation-related changes in catecholamine-dependent cyclic AMP and protein kinase in the rabbit myocardium.
It has been shown that the sensitivity to isoproterenol of myocardial inotropic response increases with growth in rabbits. In the present study we attempted to delineate the biochemical mechanisms involved in this maturation-related change. We investigated cyclic AMP generation and protein kinase activation by isoproterenol in the ventricular myocardium of rabbits aged 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month. In contrast to an increase in inotropic response, both the sensitivity to isoproterenol of cyclic AMP generation and the sensitivity to exogenous cyclic AMP of protein kinase activation decreased with maturation from 1 day to 1 month of age. ED50 of isoproterenol (mean +/- SE) on cyclic AMP generation in myocardial slices was 1.83 +/- 0.42 x 10(-7) M for 1-day-old, 3.70 +/- 0.61 x 10(-7) M for 1-week-old, and 8.32 +/- 1.20 x 10(-7) M for 1-month-old rabbits. Likewise, the ED50 of isoproterenol on adenylate cyclase activation was 0.65 +/- 0.11 x 10(-7) M, 2.04 +/- 0.32 x 10(-7), and 15.2 +/- 2.5 x 10(-7) M in 1-day, 1-week- and 1-month-old rabbits, respectively. The ED50 of cyclic AMP on protein kinase activation was 1.50 +/- 0.64 x 10(-8) M for 1-day-old and 7.08 +/- 1.52 x 10(-8) M for 1-month-old rabbits. This apparent discrepancy between inotropic response and biochemical response in the sensitivity to isoproterenol indicates that the biochemical mechanism of the maturation-related change in inotropic response was at a step or steps distal to protein kinase activation. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Top 15 Funniest EDM Memes for Producers
Since electronic dance music became more popular, so did the EDM memes.
We collected some of the funniest EDM memes that producers, DJs and fans can enjoy and get a good laugh at. We hope to not offend anyone with these memes because at the end of the day its all just for fun and games to give you something to do on your slow day at work. Enjoy.
15. Deep House
With the deep house genre trending worldwide lately I think it’s safe to say we all love deep house, but when water floods a house to the point its REALLY a deep house in water, then that might be a problem.
14. I Use FL Studio
Yes, yes, we have all heard this one before.
Times when a producer will announce that they use FL Studio and people laugh.
While FL Studio is a completely functioning digital audio workstation to make music and used by many professionals (though not common) it is often seen to be inferior to other music production programs as it is very common with beginners.
This gives Fruity Loops studio a bad name as beginners dont always make the best EDM at first. But the real key is to understand its not what you use, its how you use it.
There are many famous professional producers and DJs who use Fruity Loops, Afrojack being one. So next time you diss something make sure you know what your talking about!
13. Its All About The Money.
There’s no doubt the software manufacturers are always trying to invent the next best thing to produce music with. But at times they take it way too far.
How many times have you seen tutorials where the company or producer is doing some crazy line graphs with his EQ? In real life these dramatic EQ situations rarely arise and need for such an intricate EQ.
12. Collab?
Theres no doubt a dude with a guitar will always bring the ladies, but a singer will always bring more. According to this meme, but what about when it’s an electronic music producer?
11. Reverse Snare Into Snare Got Me Feeling Like
We know a reverse snare into a snare always makes for a better drop with more energy, but check out those eye brows, that might be one drop too big to handle.
10. When There’s 3 DJs
We all love to have control of the auxiliary cord when in the car, but what happens when you have a car full of DJs?
9. The Bedroom Life Of A Producer
Producers, this ones for you. We all know its true. The sacrifices we make to produce music.
While EDM fans and ravers just show up at an EDM festival or open the Spotify App and begin listening to music, there is much more that goes on behind the scenes to create that music you are hearing.
Producers spend hours, weeks, months and years on end producing electronic dance music songs that will stand the test of time and sound good not just for today but in another 25 or 50 years. Missing out on many social events such as EDM festivals, parties, raves and more is just the nature of the beast.
8. The Producers Struggle
This one directly correlates to #7 above, producers must constantly fight between where time is spent. With family and friends, or in the studio.
7. When Your Dead And Forgot To Mix The Snare
Still trying to get that clean mix? It wouldn’t be a surprise to see a dedicated producer come back alive after being dead and trying to improve the sound even more.
6. DJ Carnage “Very way more stronger”
For those who missed it, DJ Carnage did an 808 drum kit production tutorial on Youtube and it ended up being probably the funniest music tutorials of all time. Not only was he using improper English but the tutorial was a bit awkward as he was also caught using a pirated version of a popular VST software. Check it out then this DJ Carnage meme will make “very way more stronger” sense to you.
5. The Car Test
Nothing is better than when you just completed an awesome sounding song and you want to hear it on a different sound system and see if it still sounds the same. Sometimes it sounds the same and that’s great news, other times it can sound completely different and horrible having us second guessing our purpose in life.
4. Making Music Is Expensive
Unless your stealing and pirating all your software online, You know that making music is expensive. Not only can one VST easily cost $100 and more, music tools and equipment can also run in the tens of thousands of dollars for professional speakers, keyboards, synths and software. All so one person can buy it and illegally re-release it to the world for free. Just another reason that proves producers do it for the love not the fame.
3. When You Show Someone A New Song And They Talk Through The Whole Thing.
We have all experienced this one first hand, usually in the car, and as it can be very funny along with very annoying. Friends and family do us all a favor, when some one is showing you a new song.. just listen. Discuss it after.
2. Why Dont You Answer Me?
Any girlfriend or boyfriend (yes there is female producers now too!) dating a producer should understand this meme.
Sometimes when producers get into things we just cant stop, especially if its a promising song that is really sounding good and you have many ideas to use on it. There is no time to text, talk or browse the web. These ideas and song must get finished!
…other times the speakers are just up too loud and we cant hear the phone ring. Or see it vibrate.
1. Bruh, Check my Soundcloud.
Last but not least is #1…
Bruh check my Soundcloud (insert link here) is something im sure we have all seen at some point in time from some DJ or Artist.
All though the phrase can be very annoying to fans DJs and Artists sometimes think its the best way to promote themselves. You cant blame them! the internet is getting crowded fast and standing out only gets harder with everyday that passes. | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
To determine the safety and immunogenicity of vaccinia-derived HIV-1 recombinant envelope glycoprotein in asymptomatic HIV-infected adult volunteers, and to compare safety and immunogenicity of two different schedules of gp160 administration, and examine the effects of gp160 or hepatitis B vaccine on plasma P24 and/or other markers of viral load and on selected immune parameters. | {
"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"
} |
The psychopharmacology of aggressive behavior: a translational approach: part 1: neurobiology.
Patients with mental disorders are at an elevated risk for developing aggressive behavior. In the last 19 years, the psychopharmacological treatment of aggression has changed dramatically because of the introduction of atypical antipsychotics into the market and the increased use of anticonvulsants and lithium in the treatment of aggressive patients.Using a translational medicine approach, this review (part 1 of 2) examines the neurobiology of aggression, discussing the major neurotransmitter systems implicated in its pathogenesis, namely, serotonin, glutamate, norepinephrine, dopamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid, and also their respective receptors. The preclinical and clinical pharmacological studies concerning the role of these neurotransmitters have been reviewed, as well as research using transgenic animal models. The complex interaction among these neurotransmitters occurs at the level of brain areas and neural circuits such as the orbitoprefrontal cortex, anterior cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, periaqueductal gray, and septal nuclei, where the receptors of these neurotransmitters are expressed. The neurobiological mechanism of aggression is important to understand the rationale for using atypical antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and lithium in treating aggressive behavior. Further research is necessary to establish how these neurotransmitter systems interact with brain circuits to control aggressive behavior at the intracellular level. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
A defendant was sentenced Monday before Logan County Common Pleas Court Judge Mark S. O’Connor to prison for assaulting another man using his vehicle.
Zachariah Bates, 25, of Bellefontaine, was sentenced to four years in prison and ordered to pay $1,966.02 in restitution for felonious assault, a second-degree felony.
The November incident saw the defendant crash his vehicle into the side of another car during an altercation with a male. An indictment also charged him with criminal damaging.
Mr. Bates is an admitted alcoholic. He said in court Monday he was ashamed and embarrassed by what he’s done, adding that he was drunk that night also.
Defense attorney Natalie Bahan said her client was the victim of extensive physical abuse as a child, and having already fathered one child with another on the way, Mr. Bates hopes to get a grip on his alcoholism before it’s too late.Prosecutors said Mr. Bates has a, “long history of assaultive behavior.” Judge O’Connor noted the defendant’s five-and-a-half pages’ worth of criminal history as a juvenile and adult.
Mr. Bates will be eligible for judicial release before his prison term expires, but the court said in order for it to grant an early release, the defendant must agree to a stay at the West Central Community Based Correctional Facility.
Mr. Bates requested a furlough before he’s transported to prison, a request that was swiftly denied.
“Given his record, I’d be insane to grant a furlough,” the judge said.
Jail sentence suspended on charge of assault
LOVETT
The court suspended a six-month jail sentence Monday for a man who previously pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor count of assault.
Dale J. Lovett, 36, of 3208 County Road 55, was sentenced to two years’ community control and ordered to pay a $1,000 fine and court costs for punching a man who came uninvited onto his property Dec. 12.
The defendant was ordered to be assessed for anger management counseling, and had $500 of his fine suspended, along with his jail sentence, .
Mr. Lovett initially was charged with a second-degree felony count of felonious assault for punching his neighbor during a dispute over some hay. The defendant knocked out several of the man’s teeth during the dispute, a fact that prosecutors maintain constitutes, “serious physical harm” and a second-degree felony.
The case actually went to trial May 1 after prosecutors wouldn’t amend the charge to a misdemeanor. The charge eventually was amended halfway through the trial after the judge determined that prosecutors weren’t adequately proving their felony case.
Ms. Bahan said her client was “not in any way proud of his actions,” but emphasized he was acting in self-defense that day. She reminded the court that Mr. Lovett was at home on his couch with his daughter when the victim came to the door. Mr. Lovett believed the man was after trouble and the man even took a step to come inside his house, Ms. Bahan said.
Asked by the judge whether he thought he over-reacted and had a problem with anger, Mr. Lovett couldn’t say. He declined any comment and did not apologize for having punched the man.
At trial, defense proved that Mr. Lovett had paid for the hay in question.
Three other defendants pleaded guilty in court Monday, including:
• Jill McConnell, 32, of Bellefontaine: possession of drugs. She was granted intervention in lieu of conviction and must complete three years’ community control and drug and alcohol counseling; | {
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
} |
Transferrin, C3 complement, haptoglobin, plasminogen and alpha 2-microglobulin in patients with urogenital tumors.
The serum levels of transferrin, haptoglobin, C3 proactivator, plasminogen and alpha 2-macroglobulin have been measured in patients suffering from urogenital cancer. In this randomized study, we found a frequent decrease of transferrin coinciding with the elevation of C3-proactivator and haptoglobin. The serum concentration of plasminogen and alpha 2-macroglobulin were rarely observed in the pathological range excluding cancer-associated changes. Tumor metabolites and/or the circulating immune complex may account for the alteration of transferrin, haptoglobin and C3-proactivator, more than primary cancer-related synthesis of these proteins. | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} |
Francesco Buzzurro
Francesco Buzzurro (born October 7, 1969, in Taormina, Italy) is an Italian guitarist.
Biography
Buzzurro began studying classical guitar at the age of six. He earned a diploma from the Bellini Conservatory in Palermo, and later obtained a Master of Advanced Music from the International Arts Academy in Rome. There he was taught by musicians such as Stefano Palamidessi, David Russell, Alberto Ponce, Hopkinson Smith, and John Duarte.
Career
He writes music for theater and television and appears on radio and television programs.
Indiana Productions, owners of Muccino-Brothers, chose the music of Buzzurro for the film Io ricordo.
2010: Received a prize from Italian President Giorgio Napolitano for the music in the docufilm Io ricordo
2009: Triquetra, from the Region of Sicily
2009: Groove Master Award prize a Francesco Buzzurro, perché "nell'ambito del groove e del contemporary jazz è riuscito ad offrire una nuova visione musicale, completata da una tecnica unica al mondo".
2008: Efebo D’Oro prize for the music in the film Io ricordo.
Discography
Francesco Buzzurro Quartet
Francesco Buzzurro: guitar; Mauro Schiavone: piano & keyboards; Riccardo Lo Bue: basso; Sebastiano Alioto:batteria
1998 – Latinus (Teatro del Sole)
2006 – Naxos (Mare Nostrum)
Francesco Buzzurro solo guitar
2002 – Freely (Teatro del Sole)
2009 – L'Esploratore (Lo Faro/Irma Records-Edel)
References
External links
Francesco Buzzurro on MySpace
Category:1969 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Taormina
Category:20th-century guitarists
Category:21st-century guitarists
Category:Bossa nova guitarists
Category:Italian jazz guitarists
Category:Male guitarists
Category:Italian jazz musicians
Category:20th-century male musicians
Category:21st-century male musicians
Category:Male jazz musicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Climate change threatens our financial system in two ways. First, it poses a physical risk to property as climate-fueled extreme weather events—floods, hurricanes, wildfires—become more and more frequent. Second, it poses transition risks to our economy: investments in the fossil fuel industry may abruptly lose value as we transition to a clean economy, posing risks of financial crisis and destabilization. If we remain on a pathway to 2°C of warming (right now we’re on track for roughly 3°C of warming), the costs to the financial system could reach as much as $69 trillion by 2100. Other estimates put the global economic losses caused by climate change at $23 trillion—still roughly three or four times the scale of the 2008 crisis.
It’s clear that our entire financial system is in major danger from the climate crisis. And yet, neither the largest U.S. financial institutions, nor the public watchdogs that are supposed to hold them accountable, have taken adequate steps to address Wall Street’s role in exacerbating the crisis. In fact, many of the largest banks and asset managers have actually increased their holdings of fossil fuel assets since the Paris Agreement was signed. And in the two years immediately after the Paris Agreement was adopted, the six largest U.S. bank investors in fossil fuels companies loaned, underwrote, or otherwise financed over $700 billion for fossil fuel companies. Wall Street banks are making a quick buck accelerating climate change, all while communities across the country are suffering from the lasting impacts of industrial pollution and the increasingly devastating effects of climate change.
TOTAL FOSSIL FUEL FINANCING BY BANK (2016-2018)
In the two years immediately after the Paris Agreement was signed, these American banks invested hundreds of billions of dollars in fossil fuels. Source: Rainforest Action Network View in full screen.
There has been some movement by big financial firms. A recently leaked report from J.P. Morgan—the world’s largest financial backer of fossil fuel companies—stated that the climate crisis could lead to “catastrophic outcomes where human life as we know it is threatened.” Late last year, Goldman Sachs announced that it will spend $750 billion over ten years on sustainable finance projects, restrict financing to all new oil production and exploration in the Arctic, and impose stricter lending requirements for coal companies. And in a letter to investors earlier this year, Blackrock—the world’s largest asset manager—announced that it will exit investments with high environmental risk, like thermal coal, and launch new investment products that screen for fossil fuels. While these actions are a small step in the right direction, they are long overdue given the relative impact the financial industry has had on the climate crisis—and they’re not enough to protect us from a climate-fueled financial collapse, either.
We will not defeat the climate crisis if we have to wait for the financial industry to self-regulate or come forward with piecemeal voluntary commitments. Winning a Green New Deal and achieving 100% clean energy for our global economy—or enacting any of my 13 plans to defeat the climate crisis —will be near impossible so long as large financial institutions are allowed to freely underwrite investments in dirty fossil fuels.
This ends when I am president. A Warren administration will act decisively and swiftly to manage the risk that climate change poses to our economy by reining in Wall Street and ensuring our banks, asset managers, and insurers pay the true cost of climate change instead of passing it on to millions of Americans. We can make the financial system work for good as we transition to 100% clean energy, but first, we have to change the way Wall Street is currently doing business.
USE EXISTING FINANCIAL REGULATIONS TO TACKLE CLIMATE CHANGE BECAUSE IT IS A SYSTEMIC RISK TO OUR FINANCIAL SYSTEM
Foreign financial regulators understand that the climate crisis poses serious risks to the financial system. European regulators are warning of a “green swan” event that could trigger a climate change-driven financial crisis. The Governor of the Bank of England, Mark Carney, and the Governor of the Banque de France, François Villeroy warned that climate change poses a “catastrophic effect” to the global economy that could lead to “a sudden collapse in asset prices” similar to the to the 2008 financial crisis, and has urged central banks, such as the Federal Reserve Board, to play a much larger role in tackling the crisis.
I am sounding the alarm on Wall Street once again—just as I did in the lead up to the 2008 financial crash.
The Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was our country’s response to the 2008 crisis. It included tools that our federal regulators could use to protect the safety and soundness of our financial system. Regulators should use those tools now to address the systemic risk that climate change poses.
Specifically, the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC)—a body created by Dodd-Frank to bring together heads of financial regulatory agencies to assess threats across jurisdictions and markets—should carefully examine the risks posed by climate change and use its authority to designate financial institutions as “systemically important” if appropriate. And the Federal Reserve should invoke its authority under Section 165 of Dodd-Frank to impose “enhanced prudential standards”—things like higher capital standards and margin requirement, or tougher stress testing—on large financial institutions based on their climate-related risks.
By using the authorities Congress has already given them, federal regulators can mitigate the climate-related risk in our financial system and help accelerate the transition towards a clean energy economy.
INCREASE CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY THROUGH THE SECURITIES & EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Publicly traded companies, including big banks, have an obligation to share important information about their business. But right now, these companies don’t share much about how climate change might affect their business, their customers, and their investors.
That’s a problem in two ways. First, there are a lot of companies that could be badly hurt by the likely environmental effects of climate change, and their financial implications such as stranded assets, and supply-chain risk. We’ve already seen how record storms, flooding, and wildfires can cause billions of dollars in damage. Second, global efforts to combat climate change will have an enormous impact on certain types of companies, particularly those in the energy sector. The Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures found that reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and increasingly affordable deployment of clean energy technology could have “significant, near-term financial implications” for Big Oil and fossil fuel companies.
My Climate Risk Disclosure plan addresses these problems by requiring companies to publicly disclose both of these types of climate-related risks. It directs the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to issue rules that make every public company disclose detailed information, including the likely effect on the company if climate change continues at its current pace and the likely effect on the company if the world successfully restricts greenhouse gas emissions to meet the targets of the Paris Agreement. My plan also requires the SEC to tailor these disclosure requirements for specific industries so that, for instance, fossil fuel companies will have to make even more detailed disclosures.
But disclosure is just the first step. There is more the SEC can do to ensure companies are more accurately accounting for climate risk, which is why a Warren administration will go further by strengthening SEC rules that govern the climate change expertise in the composition of boards of directors, as well as in shareholder representation and disclosure in proxy voting. My administration will also require U.S. banks to report annually how much fossil fuel equity and debt is created, and/or held as assets, with respect to all fossil fuel extraction and infrastructure. And a Warren administration will work with the SEC Office of Credit Ratings to direct credit rating agencies to impose process standard—like climate due diligences—that incorporate the physical and financial risks that climate change presents to securities and other financial assets, as well as to the companies that issue them.
PROTECT PENSIONS
For the millions of public school teachers, firefighters, police officers, and other state and federal public employees who spend their careers in service to our government, pension funds provide a shot at a decent retirement. Most simply, pensions are deferred wages for our public employees. And yet today, our pension systems are failing our public employees. That’s in part because they are invested in fossil fuels—leaving all the risk of fossil fuel investments in hard working Americans’ retirement accounts.
One recent analysis found that pension funds would be significantly more successful without risky fossil investments. California’s $238 billion state teachers retirement fund CalSTRS—which serves nearly a million public school teachers—would have earned an additional $5.5 billion over ten years without its fossil fuel investments. And Colorado’s state pension fund PERA—which serves 600,000 current and former teachers, state troopers, corrections officers, and other public employees—would have earned almost $2 billion more in value. This matters for hard-working pension-holders: investments in fossil fuels over the last 10 years have lost many of California’s public school teachers $5,572 each, and cost many of Colorado’s public employees $2,900 each. And yet, despite calls from environmentalists to divest from fossil fuels, in January of this year CalSTRS rejected divestment, claiming it would have a “lasting negative impact on the health of the fund.”
As president, I will fight for every person’s pension, because every American deserves the right to retire with dignity after spending their career in service of our local, state and federal government. A Warren administration would explicitly state policy preferences for limiting climate risk, beginning with divestment from fossil fuels and prioritizing investments in environmental, social and governance (ESG) options. And I would go further by pushing the Securities and Exchange Commission and Department of Labor—the two government bodies charged with regulating pensions—to declare carbon-intensive investments not consistent with a fund manager’s fiduciary duty to its clients.
And, as a matter of justice, we should tighten bankruptcy laws to prevent coal and other fossil fuel companies from evading their responsibility to their workers and to the communities that they have helped to pollute. In the Senate, I have fought to improve the standing of coal worker pensions and benefits in bankruptcy—and as president, I will work with Congress to pass legislation to make these changes a reality.
ENSURE INSURERS ACCURATELY PRICE CLIMATE RISK
Insurers are the financial intermediaries most directly exposed to climate change’s risks because their core business requires them to underwrite damages on physical property. As the climate crisis accelerates the size and scale of disasters, the models that insurers have long relied on are increasingly unpredictable, generating unprecedented losses. In 2017 and 2018 alone, insurance companies paid out an estimated $219 billion in natural disaster-related claims—the highest for any two-year period in history. One California-based insurer filed for bankruptcy after it couldn’t pay out the millions it owed policyholders whose homes had been destroyed in California’s Camp Fire.
But despite insurance companies knowing the size of the climate risk—they literally write it into their risk models—still they fan the flames of the climate crisis by underwriting the fossil fuel companies behind the crisis. Large insurers had over $500 billion in fossil fuel-related investments as of 2016. And of the combined $15 trillion in assets managed by the world’s 80 largest insurers, an average of only one percent is allocated to low-carbon investments. If insurers stopped providing insurance for coal-fired power plants it would be nearly impossible to secure financing for new power plants.
Instead of halting the effects of climate change, insurers are passing on the high prices to consumers—or foregoing offering protection to vulnerable Americans altogether. In some places, insurance companies are pulling out of areas entirely, leaving consumers exposed. For example, the number of new and renewed homeowners’ insurance policies fell by 8,700 in California counties at greatest risk for wildfires. But some insurance providers will still write policies in vulnerable areas, ratcheting up the monthly prices consumers pay to counterbalance their increased risk. Premiums rose in every single state in the nation over the past decade, with states in tornado alley experiencing the highest jumps by an average of over $500. And private companies are taking advantage of the price increases: the number of private flood insurers has more than doubled since 2016, and they’ve taken in an additional half a billion in premiums since the prior year.
It’s time to hold insurance companies accountable for the risk they’re spreading through the financial system—and through vulnerable communities. I’ll work with Congress to make large insurance companies doing business in the U.S. disclose the size of the premiums they’re deriving from coal, oil and gas projects, associated infrastructure, and companies. I’ll investigate insurers who talk out of both sides of their mouth when they deny coverage to policyholders under the guise of too much climate risk, while simultaneously insuring fossil fuel projects. I’ll push the SEC to require insurance companies to show that they have evaluated climate-related risks in their underwriting processes and in their reserves. I will reform the National Flood Insurance Program by making it easier for existing residents to move out of flood-prone properties – both inland and coastal – including a program to buy back those properties from low-income homeowners at market value. And within my first term I will ensure the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s flood maps are fully updated, so that we can raise the standard for new construction through the Federal Flood Risk Management Standard.
PERSONNEL IS POLICY
At the World Economic Forum in Davos last month, economic leaders from across the world highlighted the vital need to include climate risks in economic analysis. But Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin found himself in a minority of one, arguing that costs were being overestimated when considering the impacts of climate change. Either he’s uninformed or he’s lying: study after study shows that we are drastically underestimating the cost of the climate crisis.
I have often said that personnel is policy. The regulators in charge of protecting the American people need to understand the risk that the climate crisis poses to our entire financial system—and the millions whose livelihoods depend on it. That’s why I will appoint at every level of the system financial regulators committed to holding financial institutions accountable for climate risk. Here’s what that means:
I will appoint a Treasury Secretary who—unlike Steven Mnuchin—believes in the power of markets to help defeat the climate crisis: because right now, research in both of those fields shows how vital it is that we expose the climate risk.
I’ll appoint financial regulators—including Federal Reserve governors, Commodity Futures Trading Commission commissioners, and leadership of every other agency represented on the Financial Stability Oversight Council—who understand the clear threat climate change poses to our financial system and who implement policy that addresses financial institutions’ exposure to climate risks and hold them accountable to addressing.
I’ve already pledged to appoint an SEC chair who will use all existing tools to require robust disclosure of climate-related risks. I’ll also appoint SEC commissioners who will manage the threat climate change poses to the economy by pushing for corporate disclosure of climate risk and a shift of finances away from fossil fuels.
The size and the scope of the risk that climate poses to our financial system requires immediate action. I’ve committed to transitioning us away from Donald Trump’s climate-denying administration at a speed unmatched by any transition in modern history, so that we can begin tackling the urgent challenges ahead on Day One. As part of that transition, I will announce my choices for Cabinet, including a Treasury Secretary who understands the financial risks of the climate crisis, by December 1, 2020. And I’ll staff all senior and mid-level White House positions, like financial regulators, by Inauguration Day—so that we can begin de-risking our financial system from the moment I’m in office.
WORK WITH INTERNATIONAL ALLIES
One of the next catastrophic global financial crises may well be caused by the growing climate crisis. The 2008 recession proved how financial crises are no longer isolated: their impact echoes across countries. That’s why addressing the financial risks of the climate crisis is an international issue. But the United States isn’t just lagging behind other countries on addressing the climate risk: right now, we’re not even in the same league.
Leaders across the globe recognize the risk that the climate crisis poses to their financial systems: environmental concerns make up the top five long-term global economic risks for leaders surveyed in the World Economic Forum’s Global Risk Report 2020. Many, many other countries have not only recognized the risk but are already taking steps to address it. The President of the European Central Bank has called for climate change to be an “essential part of monetary policymaking,” and the Bank of England has introduced stress tests to assess the UK financial system’s exposure to climate-linked financial risks. Meanwhile, Donald Trump and his fossil fuel cronies are letting the U.S. fall behind, putting the financial well-being of millions of Americans at risk.
A Warren Administration will work with international allies to build a more resilient financial and environmental future for our planet. And I’ll use every tool in the box to build that world. As President I’ll advocate for the Federal Reserve to join the global coalition of central banks known as the Network on Greening the Financial System. As we transition to a 100% clean energy economy, the United States should be a leader on the global stage, and having a seat at the table is the first step. As part of my New Approach to Trade, I will require implementation of the Paris Climate accord and the elimination of fossil fuel subsidies as preconditions for any trade agreement. My Green Marshall Plan will dedicate $100 billion to helping other countries purchase and deploy American-made clean energy technology that is manufactured right here at home. And we should end all American support for international oil and gas projects through the Export-Import Bank and the Overseas Private Investment Corporation. We should also commit to using America’s voting power in the World Bank and other global financial institutions to cut off investment in fossil fuel projects and to direct that investment into clean energy projects instead. Our efforts should be dedicated to accelerating the global transition to clean energy.
Climate change poses a systemic risk to the health and stability of our financial system. And yet, Wall Street is refusing to listen, let alone take real action. My plan to Stop Wall Street From Financing the Climate Crisis is just the first step to ensuring our financial system is ensured against the worst effects of climate change and Wall Street stops financing the climate crisis. | {
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
} |
Q:
Are variables case-sensitive in exprtk?
When I define an expression in my exprtk string, like
var x := sqrt(y);
and I try to add another variable
var X := 2*z;
do I get a conflict? Thanks in advance.
A:
I just found the answer: variables defined within exprtk expressions are NOT case sensitive. In the example above you will get a conflict.
A:
As of March 2017, the author of exprtk has added support for case sensitive variables: https://github.com/ArashPartow/exprtk/blob/master/readme.txt#L4477
Just include #define exprtk_disable_caseinsensitivity and you are good to go!
| {
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
} |
#!/bin/bash
#
# This is a git extension that merges a pull request or topic branch via
# rebasing so as to avoid a merge commit.
#
# Copyright 2015 Bazaarvoice, Inc., RetailMeNot, Inc., and git-land contributors
# Licensed under Apache 2.0
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
project_root=`echo $(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)`
# This lockfile exists primarily so that other automation, such as file change
# monitoring, can react to the fact that this process is running.
lockfile=$project_root/.git-land-in-progress
touch $lockfile
function exit_and_cleanup() {
rm -f $lockfile
if [[ $# == 2 ]]; then
printf "$2"
fi
exit $1
}
function usage() {
echo "$1"
echo ""
echo "Usage: git land [options] [<remote>] <pull request number>[:<target branch>]"
echo " git land [options] [<remote>] <branch>[:<target branch>]"
echo ""
echo " <remote>: the remote repo (default: origin)"
echo " <pull request number>: a pull request to merge and close"
echo " <branch>: a branch to merge and close"
echo " <target branch>: the branch to merge to (default: master)"
echo ""
echo "Options:"
echo " -f, --force-push-topic: force push <branch> to <remote> after rebasing"
echo " -F, --no-force-push-topic: do not force push <branch> to <remote> after rebasing"
echo ""
echo "Examples:"
echo " git land origin 23:master"
echo " git land my-feature"
echo " git land my-feature:target-branch"
echo ""
exit_and_cleanup 1
}
# set upstream remote, defaulting to origin
remote=$(git config git-land.remote)
if [ -z "$remote" ]; then
remote='origin'
fi
# set target branch, defaulting to master
target_branch=$(git config git-land.target)
if [ -z "$target_branch" ]; then
target_branch='master'
fi
# are we configured to force push after rebasing?
force_push_topic=$(git config --bool git-land.force-push-topic)
[[ "$force_push_topic" = 'true' ]] \
&& force_push_topic=true || force_push_topic=false
args=()
# Parse args
while [[ $# > 0 ]]; do
arg="$1"
case $arg in
-f|--force-push-topic)
force_push_topic=true
shift
;;
-F|--no-force-push-topic)
force_push_topic=false
shift
;;
*)
args[${#args[@]}]=$arg
shift
;;
esac
done
merge_branch=""
case ${#args[@]} in
0)
usage "specified no args"
;;
1)
merge_branch=${args[0]}
;;
2)
remote=${args[0]}
merge_branch=${args[1]}
;;
*)
usage "too many args"
;;
esac
# the branch specifier is source:target, but you can also just say source for short,
# in which case, target defaults to "master"
if [[ $merge_branch =~ ^[^:]+:[^:]+$ ]]; then
branches=($(echo $arg | tr ':' '\n')) # split on ':' into an array
merge_branch=${branches[0]}
target_branch=${branches[1]}
fi
# set merge branch if merging a PR
if [[ $merge_branch =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
if [ "$force_push_topic" = true ]; then
exit_and_cleanup 1 "Cannot force push a PR (https://help.github.com/articles/checking-out-pull-requests-locally/#tips)"
fi
pr=$merge_branch
merge_branch="$remote/pr/$pr"
fi
read -r -p "Are you sure you want to merge $merge_branch into $remote/$target_branch? [Y/n] " response
if [[ ! ($response = '' || $response =~ ^([yY][eE][sS]|[yY])$) ]]; then
exit_and_cleanup 1
fi
if [ -x "$project_root/.git/hooks/pre-land" ]; then
$project_root/.git/hooks/pre-land $merge_branch $target_branch $remote || \
exit_and_cleanup $? "pre-land hook returned a non-zero error code"
fi
# sync local $target_branch with latest on github
(git checkout $target_branch && \
git fetch $remote && \
git reset --hard $remote/$target_branch) || \
exit_and_cleanup $? "Could not sync local $target_branch with main repo"
# rebase and squash
(git checkout $merge_branch && \
git rebase -i $target_branch) || \
exit_and_cleanup $? "Could not checkout or rebase $merge_branch on $target_branch"
# append github tag to close PR if we can and the last commit message omits it
if [ -n "$pr" ]; then
commit_message=$(git log -1 --pretty=%B)
if [[ ! $commit_message =~ \[closes?\ \#"$pr"\] ]]; then
if ! (git commit -n --amend -m "$commit_message"$'\n\n'"[close #$pr]"); then
echo "Could not append commit message tag to close #$pr"
fi
fi
fi
# optionally force push source branch to origin
if [ "$force_push_topic" = true ]; then
git push -f $remote $merge_branch
fi
# merge the PR and push
head=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
(git checkout $target_branch && \
git merge --ff-only $head) || \
exit_and_cleanup $? "Could not fast-forward merge $merge_branch into $target_branch"
git push $remote $target_branch || \
exit_and_cleanup $? "Could not push $target_branch to $remote"
if [ -x "$project_root/.git/hooks/post-land" ]; then
$project_root/.git/hooks/post-land $merge_branch $target_branch $remote || \
exit_and_cleanup $? "post-land hook returned a non-zero error code"
fi
exit_and_cleanup $?
| {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.