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bddbd42b98b190537a28e1f4129c189b
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Rhode-Island
Battle of Rhode Island
Battle of Rhode Island Notable in the Battle of Rhode Island was the distinguished performance of a battalion of African Americans, the first black regiment to fight in America. In October 1779 the British withdrew in order to redeploy their forces in the South, and in July 1780 some 6,000 French troops… …was the site ...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Rossbach
Battle of Rossbach
Battle of Rossbach The Battle of Rossbach followed on November 5, 1757. The combined strength of the French and the Army of the Reich was at least 41,000 against just 21,000 Prussians, but the aggressive Saxe-Hildburghausen and the more-cautious Soubise were at odds. When at last the battle was…
13f014705954528d4d8ff771048fe990
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Sievershausen
Battle of Sievershausen
Battle of Sievershausen …Franconia, until their defeat at Sievershausen the following year enabled the bishop of Würzburg to confiscate Grumbach’s lands. Grumbach obtained an order of restitution from the imperial court of justice, but he was unable to execute it, and in 1558 some of his followers assassinated the bish...
e9633c67c011101c8a356698098a3558
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Swally-Hole
Battle of Swally Hole
Battle of Swally Hole However, the English victory at Swally Hole in 1612 over the Portuguese, whose control of the pilgrim sea route to Mecca was resented by the Mughals, brought a dramatic change. The embassy of Sir Thomas Roe (1615–18) to the Mughal court secured an accord (in the form of a farmān,…
d43b23ea974a1d517c25c830e31839f9
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-the-Camel
Battle of the Camel
Battle of the Camel …she was defeated in the Battle of the Camel. The engagement derived its name from the fierce fighting that centred around the camel upon which ʿĀʾishah was mounted. Afterward she was allowed to return to Medina. She spent the rest of her days there in disbursing alms, transmitting Hadith (the… …was...
0965cd2d6c81971d84ce19fdf9468072
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-the-Centaurs
Battle of the Centaurs
Battle of the Centaurs This composition is the Battle of the Centaurs (c. 1492). The action and power of the figures foretell the artist’s later interests much more than does the Madonna of the Stairs (c. 1491), a delicate low relief that reflects recent fashions among such Florentine sculptors as Desiderio da Settigna...
5e8d34a970e972c428624c5241869289
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-the-Metaurus
Battle of the Metaurus
Battle of the Metaurus …army was defeated, however, at Metaurus in northern Italy (207) before the Carthaginian armies could effect a junction. Hasdrubal was killed in the battle, and his severed head was delivered to Hannibal’s camp; that reportedly led Hannibal to lament, “There lies the fate of Carthage.” His last h...
b5a79a75324a0ecfc229a4e443758498
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Turabah
Battle of Turabah
Battle of Turabah …King Hussein ibn Ali at Turabah (1919) and then conducted border raids against his sons Abdullah of Transjordan and Faisal of Iraq (1921–22). In 1924, when Hussein was proclaimed caliph in Mecca, the Ikhwān labelled the act heretical and accused Hussein of obstructing their performance of the pilgrim...
5a3756c7ee0f9a99ec50688df86841bd
https://www.britannica.com/topic/battle-of-Wadgaon
Battle of Wadgaon
Battle of Wadgaon The British were defeated at Wadgaon (see Wadgaon, Convention of) in January 1779, but they continued to fight the Marathas until the conclusion of the Treaty of Salbai (May 1782); the sole British gain was the island of Salsette adjacent to Bombay (now Mumbai). In 1779 a British army was surrounded o...
c9b0cf9b213e019f23369bb044dd91dd
https://www.britannica.com/topic/battles-of-Pelusium
Battles of Pelusium
Battles of Pelusium …and naval force and, at Pelusium in the Nile River delta, defeated the pharaoh Nectanebo II (343). A Persian satrap was placed over Egypt, the walls of its cities were destroyed, its temples were plundered, and Artaxerxes was said to have killed the Apis bull with his own hand. …had won the Battle ...
fe2979d7a9b23862cd964e35a501a18f
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battleship-Potemkin
Battleship Potemkin
Battleship Potemkin Battleship Potemkin, Russian Bronenosets Potyomkin, Soviet silent film, released in 1925, that was director Sergey M. Eisenstein’s tribute to the early Russian revolutionaries and is widely regarded as a masterpiece of international cinema. The film is based on the mutiny of Russian sailors against...
692a1c30411cea5109ac0d1ab24a7286
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battlestar-Galactica
Battlestar Galactica
Battlestar Galactica …the science fiction television series Battlestar Galactica (1978–79) and later played the terrorist-turned-politician Tom Zarek in the 2004–09 reprise of the series.
1c23d3111ae26676af951304c4d6e5c6
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bavarian-language
Bavarian
Bavarian The Bavarian dialect, with its many local variations, is spoken in the areas south of the Danube River and east of the Lech River and throughout all of Austria, except in the state of Vorarlberg, which is Swabian in origin.
78963eaf0afb2db2fe9074c77132b7de
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bayer
Bayer
Bayer Bayer, in full Bayer AG, German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1863 by Friedrich Bayer (1825–80), who was a chemical salesman, and Johann Friedrich Weskott (1821–76), who owned a dye company. Company headquarters, originally in Barmen (now Wuppertal), have been in Leverkusen, north of Cologne, si...
88628860f0a51630a77ef4076664e077
https://www.britannica.com/topic/BC-Place-Stadium
B.C. Place Stadium
B.C. Place Stadium B.C. Place Stadium (1983) is the city’s main venue for major sporting events and concerts, in addition to being a popular site for consumer shows and special events. Adjacent to the stadium is GM Place (formally General Motors Place; 1995), home to the Vancouver Canucks…
df78730df88f3b1b0ff10227565c8a43
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Beachmasters
Beachmasters
Beachmasters In Beachmasters (1985), one of her most accomplished novels, she re-creates the cultural tensions in a South Pacific island with aspirations to independence from joint English and French control. Randolph Stow had similarly written a sensitive and sympathetic novel of intercultural relations in the Trobria...
87e4831d29f7b30db2ab82a9a9d0cfee
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Beagle-2
Beagle 2
Beagle 2 …25; however, its British lander, Beagle 2, which was to examine the rocks and soil for signs of past or present life, failed to establish radio contact after having landed on the Martian surface the same day. Within weeks of its arrival, the Mars Express orbiter detected vast fields of… …carried a British lan...
20fb953be6e40a704541e6fc90f25cb7
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Beagle-Aircraft-Ltd
Beagle Aircraft Ltd.
Beagle Aircraft Ltd. In Great Britain, Beagle Aircraft Ltd. enjoyed some success in the 1960s. The distinctive name represented an acronym derived from British Executive and General Aviation Limited. Although several dozen airplanes entered service, they could not compete with their well-equipped counterparts from Amer...
17f8c2fb2f3c10b9f56cee64416644df
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Beagle-ship
Beagle
Beagle Beagle, British naval vessel aboard which Charles Darwin served as naturalist on a voyage to South America and around the world (1831–36). The specimens and observations accumulated on this voyage gave Darwin the essential materials for his theory of evolution by natural selection. HMS Beagle (the third of nine...
5c83861cfcef1a2f88ed8dd32b67c2ed
https://www.britannica.com/topic/bear-market
Bear market
Bear market Bear market, in securities and commodities trading, a declining market. A bear is an investor who expects prices to decline and, on this assumption, sells a borrowed security or commodity in the hope of buying it back later at a lower price, a speculative transaction called selling short. The term bear may...
0a34b529ec139867a77db8464b52fe4e
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Beast-of-Gevaudan
Beast of Gévaudan
Beast of Gévaudan …roaming ground of a mysterious Beast of Gévaudan (Bête du Gévaudan), which inspired much popular literature and contemporary excitement. It appeared suddenly in 1765 and, in three years, allegedly attacked and devoured some 50 persons before it was killed by a peasant named Jean Chastel. The beast wa...
908f67310cc0762a3e5da888c71b314e
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Beat-Beat-Drums
Beat! Beat! Drums!
Beat! Beat! Drums! …Run is reflected in “Beat! Beat! Drums!” while an understanding of the depth of suffering of the wounded informs “Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night.”
a62419e9c69288ef59d21fb99d952607
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Beatlemania
Beatlemania
Beatlemania Released during the height of Beatlemania and the British Invasion, A Hard Day’s Night is now widely considered a classic. …new word for the phenomenon: Beatlemania. In early 1964, after equally tumultuous appearances on American television, the same phenomenon erupted in the United States and provoked a so...
05c0ce6d0a4b243272fe37e3b5b58e5d
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Beau-Geste-fictional-character
Beau Geste
Beau Geste Beau Geste, fictional character, the English protagonist of the novel Beau Geste (1924) by Percival C. Wren. The work is probably best known through its three film adaptations and a BBC television miniseries.
0aacb5c7bcba34b54e67b7bdf891c9ca
https://www.britannica.com/topic/bediqat-hametz
Bediqat ḥametz
Bediqat ḥametz …any trace of leaven (bediqat ḥametz). The following morning the remaining particles of leaven are destroyed by fire (biʿur ḥametz). From then until after Pesaḥ, no leaven is consumed. Many Jews sell their more valuable leaven products to non-Jews before Passover (mekhirat ḥametz), repurchasing the foods...
5acaf728f00897bd7be1e297c95fd941
https://www.britannica.com/topic/beekeeping/Bee-products
Bee products
Bee products Honey is marketed in several different forms: liquid honey, comb honey, and creamed honey. Sometimes the predominant floral type from which the honey was collected is indicated. If liquid (strained, extracted) honey is desired, additional supers are added directly above the brood nest. When one is largely ...
4b4df8b85f9d8d0a6d176fb779288c2b
https://www.britannica.com/topic/beekeeping/Disease-and-pest-control
Disease and pest control
Disease and pest control Honeybees have diseases and enemies: diseases of the brood; diseases that affect only the adult bees; insect enemies of the adults and of the comb; and other enemies, including toads, lizards, birds, mice, skunks, and bears. American foulbrood, caused by a spore-forming bacterium, Bacillus larv...
8e1c5c406d25eac1459cb2ee7a372686
https://www.britannica.com/topic/beer
Beer
Beer Beer, alcoholic beverage produced by extracting raw materials with water, boiling (usually with hops), and fermenting. In some countries beer is defined by law—as in Germany, where the standard ingredients, besides water, are malt (kiln-dried germinated barley), hops, and yeast. Before 6000 bce, beer was made fro...
39dc0a6fe6fc298456bebaac91ceb2dd
https://www.britannica.com/topic/beeswax
Beeswax
Beeswax Beeswax, commercially useful animal wax secreted by the worker bee to make the cell walls of the honeycomb. Beeswax ranges from yellow to almost black in colour, depending on such factors as the age and diet of the bees, and it has a somewhat honeylike odour and a faint balsamic taste. It is soft to brittle, ...
b5a51d647dd2dd7d3812520a6d67e4f1
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Before-I-Go-to-Sleep
Before I Go to Sleep
Before I Go to Sleep …her memory in the thriller Before I Go to Sleep (2014). He deployed his starchy diction and composure to comic effect as a spy in the thriller parody Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014) and the franchise’s second installment, Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017). …Firth again in the thriller Before ...
ac0221d34c9b5479b2236d605586c7f6
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Before-Midnight
Before Midnight
Before Midnight …film in the Before series, Before Midnight (2013), in which the Delpy and Hawke characters, now married with children, struggle with their commitment to each other. The film was well received, and the two actors and Linklater were again nominated for an Academy Award for best adapted screenplay. … sequ...
851a208e844a7f17ea1ad6463ea2be30
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bektashi
Bektashiyyah
Bektashiyyah Bektashiyyah, Turkish Bektaşi, order of Sufi mystics founded, according to their own traditions, by Ḥājjī Bektāsh Walī of Khorāsān. It acquired definitive form in the 16th century in Anatolia (Turkey) and spread to the Ottoman Balkans, particularly Albania. Originally one of many Sufi orders within orthod...
bd605d65f149f997b1bbcc33ec1e4a98
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Belgium-Luxembourg-Economic-Union
Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union
Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union …in economic integration, forming the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU) in 1921, followed after World War II by Benelux. That union allows for the free movement of people, goods, capital, and services between the three countries; coordinates their policy in economic, financial, ...
9677612ac3f4dcd331ce89c4b9f10130
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Belial
Belial
Belial Belial, fictional character, a fallen angel in John Milton’s Paradise Lost (in 10 books, 1667; in 12 books, 1674) who tries to persuade the others to be more discreet so that their unacceptable behaviour is less conspicuous. The Hebrew word bĕlīyaʾal, apparently with the literal meaning “worthlessness,” was use...
3448bd9b054dd2c28ebef53b34f67605
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bell-Aircraft-Corporation
Bell Aircraft Corporation
Bell Aircraft Corporation …X-1 aircraft, built by the Bell Aircraft Company to test the capabilities of the human pilot and a fixed-wing aircraft against the severe aerodynamic stresses of sonic flight. On October 14, 1947, over Rogers Dry Lake in southern California, he rode the X-1, attached to a B-29 mother ship, to...
c057b225f8961e26484ff683976d5de9
https://www.britannica.com/topic/bell-book-and-candle-Roman-Catholicism
Bell, book, and candle
Bell, book, and candle Bell, book, and candle, in Roman Catholicism, a ceremony formerly used in pronouncing the “major excommunication” or “anathema” (see excommunication). Its origins are not clear, but it dates back certainly to the late 9th century. The bell represented the public character of the act, the book t...
1423a0ca3ae61afdd69f92c789eaede8
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bell-Sound-1688329
Bell Sound
Bell Sound Al Weintraub opened Bell Sound in the early 1950s on West 87th Street, and when he moved closer to the midtown action (to 46th Street and 8th Avenue) in 1954, Bell became New York City’s busiest independent studio. Recording sessions in the city were closely monitored by the local chapter of the Musicians Un...
5a14001bd3181ad6931b82a823686adb
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bellerophon-Greek-mythology
Bellerophon
Bellerophon Bellerophon, also called Bellerophontes, hero in Greek legend. In the Iliad he was the son of Glaucus, who was the son of Sisyphus of Ephyre (traditionally Corinth). The wife of King Proetus of Argos—named Anteia (in Homer’s telling) or Stheneboea (in the works of Hesiod and later writers)—loved Belleropho...
3e8ef60217696df33ddf02b3656fc424
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Beloved-Mother-of-the-Redeemer
Beloved Mother of the Redeemer
Beloved Mother of the Redeemer …motet Alma redemptoris mater (Beloved Mother of the Redeemer) by Guillaume Dufay, or in all voice parts through the technique of melodic imitation, as in the Missa pange lingua (mass on the plainsong hymn “Pange lingua” [“Sing, My Tongue”]) by Josquin des Prez.
9d904628595846f49be369cb234cb2bf
https://www.britannica.com/topic/bench-trial
Bench trial
Bench trial …witness is sworn in a bench trial. Actions before jeopardy attaches will not bar a subsequent prosecution. For example, if a judge dismisses a prosecution at a preliminary hearing for lack of evidence, this determination does not bar the government from initiating new charges for the same offense, since je...
5d2cbc8871c33714425bbccf77a182a6
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bene-Israel
Bene Israel
Bene Israel Bene Israel, (Hebrew: “Sons of Israel”) the largest and oldest of several groups of Jews of India. Believed by tradition to have shipwrecked on the Konkan coast of western India more than 2,100 years ago, they were absorbed into Indian society, maintaining many Jewish observances while operating within the...
cc21931d4ddaacdfd325dccd760bfd91
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benedetto-Croce-on-aesthetics-1990551
Benedetto Croce on aesthetics
Benedetto Croce on aesthetics Benedetto Croce’s life stretched from the early years of Italy’s unification to the era of stability that followed World War II. As a humanist, historian, and philosopher, he bore lifelong witness to his nation’s formative decades. Consequently, his historical and political writings often ...
14749e554e8fd174b0676479f24722d6
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benedetto-Croce-on-aesthetics-1990551/Art-in-its-relations
Art in its relations
Art in its relations The “negations” here made explicit are obviously, from another point of view, “relations”; for the various distinct forms of mental activity cannot be conceived as separate each from the rest and acting in self-supporting isolation. This is not the place to set forth a complete system of the forms ...
7bdc7ae436e5388480656796fb3c2c35
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benedetto-Croce-on-aesthetics-1990551/Artistic-objects-the-theory-of-the-special-arts-and-the-beauty-of-nature
Artistic objects: the theory of the special arts, and the beauty of nature
Artistic objects: the theory of the special arts, and the beauty of nature The work of communicating and conserving artistic images, with the help of technique, produces the material objects metaphorically called “artistic objects” or “works of art”: pictures, sculptures and buildings, and, in a more complicated manner...
5c410454925ec6b48950700f0cb95d1b
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benedetto-Croce-on-aesthetics-1990551/Artistic-qualities
Artistic qualities
Artistic qualities What has been said of “poetry” applies to all the other “arts” commonly enumerated; painting, sculpture, architecture, music. Whenever the artistic quality of any product of the mind is discussed, the dilemma must be faced, that either it is a lyrical intuition, or it is something else, something ju...
7d481bd7754a609bb7ac70a7af890900
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benedetto-Croce-on-aesthetics-1990551/Classical-and-romantic
Classical and romantic
Classical and romantic The problems reviewed above belong to the past—a past extending through centuries—rather than to the present; of their mis-stated questions and misconceived solutions there now remain mere relics and superstitions which affect academic treatises more than they do the consciousness and culture of ...
c379b4fb1c22941d0efe2761c2477ec0
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benedetto-Croce-on-aesthetics-1990551/History-of-aesthetics
History of aesthetics
History of aesthetics From the character of aesthetics as a philosophical science (see above) it follows that its history cannot be separated from that of philosophy at large, from which aesthetics receives light and guidance, and gives back light and guidance in its turn. The so-called subjectivist tendency which mode...
e758ada685abd39c95b89367b31f0252
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benedetto-Croce-on-aesthetics-1990551/Intuition-and-expression
Intuition and expression
Intuition and expression One of the first problems to arise, when the work of art is defined as “lyrical image,” concerns the relation of “intuition” to “expression” and the manner of the transition from the one to the other. At bottom this is the same problem which arises in other parts of philosophy: the problem of i...
2bebb707e2e15d61969817320ec978ac
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benedetto-Croce-on-aesthetics-1990551/Literary-kinds-and-aesthetic-categories
Literary kinds and aesthetic categories
Literary kinds and aesthetic categories Effects at once greater and more detrimental upon the criticism and historical study of art and literature have been produced by a theory of similar but slightly different origin, the theory of literary and artistic kinds. This, like the foregoing, is based on a classification in...
ff993bb0b7413e1961a5dad656652cd7
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benedetto-Croce-on-aesthetics-1990551/Rhetoric-grammar-and-philosophy-of-language
Rhetoric, grammar and philosophy of language
Rhetoric, grammar and philosophy of language Every error has in it an element of truth, and arises from an arbitrary combination of things which in themselves are legitimate. This principle may be confirmed by an examination of other erroneous doctrines which have been prominent in the past and are still to a less degr...
38764e6bddcd85960f42bcd1ffedc538
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benedetto-Croce-on-aesthetics-1990551/The-criticism-and-history-of-art-and-literature
The criticism and history of art and literature
The criticism and history of art and literature Another group of questions raised in works on aesthetics, though not unsuitable to such works, properly belongs to logic and the theory of historical thought. These concern the aesthetic judgment and the history of poetry and the arts. By showing that the aesthetic activi...
b404348afc25a1549d5b1149240e9899
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Benedetto-Croce-on-aesthetics-1990551/The-science-of-art-or-aesthetics-and-its-philosophical-character
The science of art, or aesthetics, and its philosophical character
The science of art, or aesthetics, and its philosophical character The concept of art expounded above is in a sense the ordinary concept, which appears with greater or less clarity in all statements about art, and is constantly appealed to, explicitly or implicitly, as the fixed point round which all discussions on the...
d1c598da441c999b3fcdb441b20c9972
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bengali
Bengali
Bengali Bengali, majority population of Bengal, the region of northeastern South Asia that generally corresponds to the country of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal. The Bengali people speak dialects of Bangla—as they call the Bengali language—which belongs to the Indo-Aryan group of the Indo-Iranian bran...
5ef248548c69392aed4f29c19f0975a5
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bennett-Trophy
Bennett Trophy
Bennett Trophy …de France organized the first Bennett Trophy races in 1901, 1902, and 1903. The event was later held at the Circuit of Ireland (1903), the Taunus Rundstrecke in Germany (1904), and the Circuit d’Auvergne (1905). The unwillingness of French manufacturers to be limited to three cars led to their boycott…
0a6d36d21c68482eec1e58d799f36a08
https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/10841
Victor Davis Hanson: The Historian Who Became a Farmer and then a Public Figure
Victor Davis Hanson: The Historian Who Became a Farmer and then a Public Figure Jonathan Kay, in the Weekly Standard (3-14-05): [Jonathan Kay is managing editor of Canada's National Post and a media fellow at the Hoover Institution.] MOST PEOPLE who earn Ph.D.s aspire to tenure-track professorships, think-tank jobs, or...
2ea0914c28a0dad0fdab9b552ba65181
https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/11001
We've Been Here Before: The Tiger Cages of Vietnam
We've Been Here Before: The Tiger Cages of Vietnam My best friend was tortured to death in 1970. Nguyen Ngoc Phuong was a gentle person. But he hated the war and the destruction of his country. He was arrested by the U.S.- sponsored Saigon police in one of his many anti-government demonstrations. After three da...
fc386043965218d1e5e31f4d87940974
https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/1185
What Clayton Cramer Saw and (Nearly) Everyone Else Missed
What Clayton Cramer Saw and (Nearly) Everyone Else Missed Michael A. Bellesiles’s Bancroft Prize for Arming America has been revoked—the first time that a Bancroft Prize has ever been taken away from an author.[1] He has also resigned from Emory University after a blistering criticism by a blue-ribbon panel...
972d916141869d28fbb2cd3f4a859088
https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/12019
Donald Kagan: In Defense of History
Donald Kagan: In Defense of History Donald Kagan, the 2005 Jefferson Lecturer in the Humanities (5-12-05): ... André Malraux said that "All art is a revolt against man's fate." If he is right, Sophocles's plays, the other tragedies, and much of ancient Greek literature are not art. Malraux seems to me to reflect the R...
c2ae8f587ad70664f607380e1e6ef9a2
https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/124527
Why is Texas Afraid of Thomas Jefferson?
Why is Texas Afraid of Thomas Jefferson? Who’s afraid of Thomas Jefferson?  Lots and lots of people, apparently.  Jefferson argued that unless there was a just distribution of goods and institutional structures for every citizen to actively participate in public decision making, the country would be headed “downhill...
a2b1607cfe309bcd1239575ed782e8f2
https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/12655
David Meir-Levi: Occupation and Settlement: The Myth and Reality
David Meir-Levi: Occupation and Settlement: The Myth and Reality David Meir-Levi, in the Frontpagemag.com (6-24-05) One of the most prominent and contentious issues in the media coverage and Arab propaganda regarding the Israel-Arab conflict is that of Jewish “occupation” of Arab lands and the Israeli settl...
bae34328534961c654170e5d68c589ee
https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/138935
Saul Cornell: New Originalism: A Constitutional Scam
Saul Cornell: New Originalism: A Constitutional Scam Saul Cornell is the Paul and Diane Guenther Chair in American History at Fordham University and a Senior Research Scholar in Residence at Yale Law School. AMERICANS ARE deeply divided over how to interpret the Constitution. Originalism, the view that judges should in...
db4cfbb38bef4fe4952cd29021f9a663
https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/139
Analogies: Was Timothy McVeigh Our John Brown?
Analogies: Was Timothy McVeigh Our John Brown? YESBy Clayton Cramer. Mr. Cramer, who describes himself as"a software engineer by day, historian by night," holds an MA in history and is the author of several books. The public perception of John Brown has gone through a quite substantial transformation since his ex...
885d0787fa2e119d55a278131e75229e
https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/143103
Who Invented the Martini?
Who Invented the Martini? There are many stories surrounding the invention of the martini, but it seems that the origins of James Bond's favorite beverage may never be definitively established. The history of the martini can easily be traced back to the late nineteenth century, when it was first consumed and listed in ...
dac420ee2aa8981f143c50e54709ab07
https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/147570
Antonio Ramirez: Review of Natalie Hopkinson's "Go-Go Live: The Musical Life and Death of a Chocolate City" (Duke, 2012)
Antonio Ramirez: Review of Natalie Hopkinson's "Go-Go Live: The Musical Life and Death of a Chocolate City" (Duke, 2012) Antonio Ramirez is a PhD student in the Department of History at the University of Michigan. When I felt a deep rumbling and heard muffled shouts from a microphone, I guessed it was a political rally...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/150255
Elwood Watson: Sexual Assault is Gender Blind
Elwood Watson: Sexual Assault is Gender Blind Dr. Elwood Watson is a professor of history and African-American studies at East Tennessee State University. The fact is that 2012 was a horrible year in terms of sexual assaults on college campuses. In June 2012, Trey Malone, a junior at Amherst College and a distinguished...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/150268
In Defense of Transactional Presidents
In Defense of Transactional Presidents Five presidents: Gerald Ford, Richard Nixon, George H.W. Bush, Ronald Reagan, and Jimmy Carter. Taken in 1991. Many people assume that leaders with transformational objectives and an inspirational style are better or more ethical than leaders with more modest objectives and a tran...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/150794
Lost Rudyard Kipling poems published
Lost Rudyard Kipling poems published More than 50 unpublished poems by Rudyard Kipling have been discovered by a US scholar. Thomas Pinney found the manuscripts in a number of places including a Manhattan House that was being renovated and among the papers of a former head of the Cunard Line. Pinney described it as a "...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/150978
The Epic Story of the C-130, the Air Force's Monument to Pork
The Epic Story of the C-130, the Air Force's Monument to Pork Lockheed C-130E Hercules. Credit: Wiki Commons. Originally posted on TomDispatch.com When I was a kid obsessed with military aircraft, I loved Chicago's O'Hare airport. If I was lucky and scored a window seat, I might get to see a line of C-130 Hercules tran...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151351
Michael Kimmage: Philip Roth as Phenomenon of the American Spirit
Michael Kimmage: Philip Roth as Phenomenon of the American Spirit Michael Kimmage is an associate professor of history at Catholic University. He is the author of  In History’s Grip: Philip Roth’s Newark Trilogy and The Conservative Turn: Lionel Trilling, Whittaker Chambers and the Lessons of Anti-Communism; he is also...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151393
Exhibit recalls Jewish refugees and Nazi prisoners held together in Canadian prisons
Exhibit recalls Jewish refugees and Nazi prisoners held together in Canadian prisons VANCOUVER, Canada (JTA) -- When Austrian and German Jews escaped Nazism by fleeing to Britain during the 1930s, the last thing they expected was to find themselves prisoners in Canada, interred in camps with some of the same Nazis they...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151399
Dan Jones: How ‘Game of Thrones’ Is (Re)Making History
Dan Jones: How ‘Game of Thrones’ Is (Re)Making History Dan Jones is the author of “The Plantagenets: The Warrior Kings And Queens Who Made England” (Viking), to be published on April 22. Is it possible for a historian to dig “Game of Thrones”? Short answer: yes. The new season of the HBO smash premieres tonight – and w...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151405
Michelle Dean: Is 'Game of Thrones' Escapist Enough?
Michelle Dean: Is 'Game of Thrones' Escapist Enough? Michelle Dean's writing has appeared at The New Yorker's Page Turner blog, Slate, Salon, the Globe and Mail, and a variety of other publications. Game of Thrones is a pageant of a show, all velvet-curtain costumes and dye jobs that somehow never extend to the eyebrow...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151409
Miramax & Martin Scorsese developing ‘Gangs Of New York’ TV series
Miramax & Martin Scorsese developing ‘Gangs Of New York’ TV series Miramax and Martin Scorsese have teamed to develop a television series based on Scorsese’s 2002 film Gangs Of New York, which was released by Miramax. The film starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Daniel Day-Lewis and Cameron Diaz focused on early confrontations...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151422
Smithsonian Channel gets North American rights to ‘Richard III’ documentary
Smithsonian Channel gets North American rights to ‘Richard III’ documentary Smithsonian Channel has snagged exclusive North American program rights to a documentary about the recent discovery of King Richard III’s remains under an English parking lot that ended a 500-year mystery.When “The King’s Skeleton: Richard III ...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151424
Al Green, William Bell, Mavis Staples, others to help celebrate Memphis soul at White House
Al Green, William Bell, Mavis Staples, others to help celebrate Memphis soul at White House WASHINGTON — The White House is going to sway to the sounds of soul next week.A dozen music legends and contemporary artists ranging from William Bell and Mavis Staples to Cyndi Lauper and Justin Timberlake will be on hand Tuesd...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151464
The Chaotic and Bloody Aftermath of WWII in Europe
The Chaotic and Bloody Aftermath of WWII in Europe On May 8, 1945, Germany surrendered to the Allies and the Second World War in Europe ended officially. But in reality, the war continued in various guises for several years. British author and historian Keith Lowe details the cruel aftermath of the war in his acclaimed...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151479
Do the Common Core Standards Flunk History?
Do the Common Core Standards Flunk History? Image via Shutterstock. By now, virtually every public school teacher has heard about the Common Core State Standards (referred to here as CCSS, the Standards, or the common core). Set forth in their final version in May of 2010, they claim to “represent a synthesis of the be...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151496
The Secret to Margaret Thatcher's Success
The Secret to Margaret Thatcher's Success Image via Wiki Commons. The death of Margaret Thatcher, the former leader of British Conservative Party and Britain’s only female prime minister, will intensify the continuous debate over her legacy. No other modern British political leader has proved so controversial. She divi...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151616
Jonathan Zimmerman: Colleges as Country Clubs
Jonathan Zimmerman: Colleges as Country Clubs Jonathan Zimmerman teaches history and education at New York University. He is the author of "Small Wonder: The Little Red Schoolhouse in History and Memory." My daughter is a junior in high school, so I've spent part of this spring making that upper-middle-class pilgrimage...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151659
Gene Seymour: What the Jackie Robinson Film Leaves Out
Gene Seymour: What the Jackie Robinson Film Leaves Out Gene Seymour spent more than thirty years writing for daily newspapers, eighteen of them as a movie critic and feature writer for Newsday. He has been published in Film Comment, The Nation, Washington Spectator, Los Angeles Times and American History. The 24-hour n...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151676
Berlin show offers a glimpse of the history of Uruk, pioneering metropolis in present-day Iraq
Berlin show offers a glimpse of the history of Uruk, pioneering metropolis in present-day Iraq BERLIN — Berlin’s Pergamon Museum is offering visitors a glimpse of perhaps the world’s first real metropolis in a new exhibition that traces the long history of Uruk, in present-day Iraq.Artifacts, including clay masks of de...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151816
Peter Sagal’s ‘Constitution USA’: You have the right to remain hammy
Peter Sagal’s ‘Constitution USA’: You have the right to remain hammy PBS’s four-part “Constitution USA With Peter Sagal” rides along with the humorous host of NPR’s popular “Wait, Wait . . . Don’t Tell Me!” quiz show as he traverses the nation in a too-cheeky-by-half attempt to find and narrate evidence of the U.S. Con...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151820
Pearl Duncan: Lost History in Downton Abbey
Pearl Duncan: Lost History in Downton Abbey Pearl Duncan is completing two books, tentatively titled, “DNA Adventure, Rebels’ Birthright Reclaimed,” and “A Pirate Ship of Old New York:  Colonial Slavery, The Founding Fathers and a Remarkable 9/11 Discovery.” Now that it is announced by the producers of Downton Abbey th...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/151822
Thomas Rogers: German War Guilt: The Miniseries
Thomas Rogers: German War Guilt: The Miniseries Thomas Rogers is a writer living in Berlin. One hour into "Our Mothers, Our Fathers" ("Unsere Mütter, unsere Väter"), the hit new German miniseries about World War II, a group of German soldiers is trapped in front of a Russian minefield. Among them are two of the series'...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/152017
Joseph Nye: Do Presidents Really Steer Foreign Policy?
Joseph Nye: Do Presidents Really Steer Foreign Policy? Joseph S. Nye Jr. is a University Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard. This article and the accompanying sidebar are adapted from his upcoming book, Presidential Leadership and the Creation of the American Era. The 21st century began with an extraordinary im...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/152514
Derek Waters Explains His TV Series ‘Drunk History’
Derek Waters Explains His TV Series ‘Drunk History’ For an inebriated storyteller, enthusiasm often outpaces execution. “They have to get it out, no matter how many times they mess it up,” said Derek Waters, a creator of “Drunk History,” beginning Tuesday on Comedy Central. He would know. Since 2007, this actor (“Subur...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/152533
Noah Gittell: Lone Ranger "Like a Western as Told by Howard Zinn"
Noah Gittell: Lone Ranger "Like a Western as Told by Howard Zinn" Noah Gittell is the editor of ReelChange.net, where he writes about film, politics, and culture. He is a former independent filmmaker and political-campaign staffer. ...In discussing the progressive politics of The Lone Ranger, most critics have focused ...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/152535
Kevin Gover: Johnny Depp’s Tonto Isn’t Offensive, Just Weird
Kevin Gover: Johnny Depp’s Tonto Isn’t Offensive, Just Weird Kevin Gover (Pawnee) is the director of the National Museum of the American Indian. I admit that I went to see “The Lone Ranger” expecting to be disappointed and quite likely offended by the portrayal of Indians in the movie. Both Disney and Johnny Depp, the ...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/152739
'Drunk History' puts intoxicated twist on history
'Drunk History' puts intoxicated twist on history NEW YORK (AP) — To hear comedian Derek Waters tell it, the idea for ‘‘Drunk History’’ came about when ‘‘New Girl’’ actor Jake Johnson had a few drinks and was trying to tell him a passionate anecdote about the late singer Otis Redding. ‘‘He was trying to tell me that Ot...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/152774
History nut Rob Lowe eager to portray JFK in O'Reilly adaptation
History nut Rob Lowe eager to portray JFK in O'Reilly adaptation BEVERLY HILLS, Calif. — Rob Lowe, who has publicly aligned himself with the Democratic party in the past, says it was not a concern to take on a TV movie adaptation of Fox News pundit and conservative Bill O’Reilly’s book Killing Kennedy. “I didn’t think ...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/152820
New JFK docudrama suggests Secret Service agent killed Kennedy
New JFK docudrama suggests Secret Service agent killed Kennedy BEVERLY HILLS, Calif. — Weeks before the 50th anniversary of President John F. Kennedy's assassination this fall, ReelzChannel will take another look at the killing in a docudrama that suggests a Secret Service agent fired one of the bullets that felled Ken...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/153416
Verdi vs. the Fanatics
Verdi vs. the Fanatics Like all of Verdi’s early operas, the seventh one, Giovanna d’Arco (Joan of Arc) (1845), has been revived and given multiple recordings in recent years. In this bicentennial year of Verdi’s birth, it has been performed in Salzburg with Placido Domingo in one of his new baritone roles as G...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/153769
The end of history at Elizabeth City State University?
The end of history at Elizabeth City State University? One of the 17 University of North Carolina campuses could stop offering degrees in physics, history and political science. Elizabeth City State University, a 2,300-student historically black college in northeastern North Carolina, is talking about ending seven ...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/153860
Abraham Lincoln Never Believed in Racial Equality
Abraham Lincoln Never Believed in Racial Equality Abraham Lincoln in 1858. Image via Wiki Commons. On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln delivered what he considered to be “a few appropriate remarks” at the dedication of a cemetery at the Gettysburg battlefield in Pennsylvania to a crowd of about 15,000 people. Preside...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/153930
The Kennedys and Martin Luther King
The Kennedys and Martin Luther King Image via Wiki Commons. In a recent piece entitled “JFK Holds Complex Place in Black History”, AP writer Jesse Washington attempts to explain the unique bond African Americans shared with the thirty-fifth president. According to Washington, since his murder in November of 1963, Kenne...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/154033
Is There More to the JFK Assassination?
Is There More to the JFK Assassination? (CNN) -- Fifty years after President John F. Kennedy's assassination, there are very few down-the-line defenders of the Warren Commission to be found. The investigation into JFK's murder was inadequate, rushed and manipulated by powerful officials. Just consider a few of th...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/154231
American Boys And Their Guns
American Boys And Their Guns Related Link Parkland Shooting: What historians are saying This type of studio portrait is as American as the diaries of adolescent girls or pictures of girls with dolls and horses. This is a classic American icon: a pretty little boy with ringlets who looks to us like a girl  but his gende...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/154239
Review of Robert Miraldi's "Seymour Hersh: Scoop Artist"
Review of Robert Miraldi's "Seymour Hersh: Scoop Artist" Seymour Hersh: Scoop Artistby Robert MiraldiPotomac Books, 2013 It was only a poster at an antiwar rally -- in Belgium of all places -- yet Seymour Hersh was so taken by it that, laughing, he showed it to another reporter. The poster was simple and direct: “Prote...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/154429
What Really Caused the Reichstag Fire
What Really Caused the Reichstag Fire Image via Wiki Commons. Shortly after nine o'clock on the evening of February 27, 1933, the Reichstag building in Berlin started to burn. By nine thirty a devastating fire was underway in the main plenary chamber. Although Berlin’s fire department was on the scene almost immediatel...
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https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/154886
What's Missing from Obama's Presidency
What's Missing from Obama's Presidency Image via Wiki Commons/HNN staff. The historian Michael Kammen died recently. He wrote many books about many subjects but he won just one Pulitzer Prize for a book that is no longer so well known. People of Paradox was published just over forty years ago. In it Kammen refashioned ...