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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ashta-Pradhan
Ashta Pradhan
Ashta Pradhan Ashta Pradhan, (Marathi: “Council of Eight”) also spelled Asta Pradhad, administrative and advisory council set up by the Indian Hindu Maratha leader Shivaji (died 1680), which contributed to his successful military attacks on the Muslim Mughal Empire and to the good government of the territory over whic...
5ffd80623e8570adb3aa608cd33de39d
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Asia-Pacific-Economic-Cooperation
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), organization that seeks to promote free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Established in 1989 in response to the growing interdependence of Asia-Pacific economies and the advent of regional economic blocs (such...
09778e886e91d1c7dab0f6119ec2bf5a
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Asian-Development-Bank
Asian Development Bank
Asian Development Bank Asian Development Bank (ADB), organization that provides loans and equity investments for development projects in its member countries. The bank also provides technical assistance for projects and programs, and it promotes the investment of capital for development. It was established in August 1...
840afdc078c5fcab5b395ae12d8c3e2b
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Asian-Drama-An-Inquiry-into-the-Poverty-of-Nations
Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations
Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations The book Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations (1968) represents a 10-year study of poverty in Asia. Whereas Mydral was a Malthusian who thought that population growth in Asia would stunt economic growth, conditions in the early 21st century show that ma...
e7a9caec397ce43426b663d26b0f70c3
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Asian-values
Asian values
Asian values Asian values, set of values promoted since the late 20th century by some Asian political leaders and intellectuals as a conscious alternative to Western political values such as human rights, democracy, and capitalism. Advocates of Asian values typically claimed that the rapid development of many East Asi...
daeac73ed25326c2c6af384acffba8ac
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Asirgarh
Asirgarh
Asirgarh Asirgarh, Indian fortress situated between the Tapti and Narmada rivers, just north of the city of Burhanpur, in the former Central Provinces and the present state of Maharashtra. The principal importance of the fortress was its strategic location on the only easily accessible route from northern India to the...
1ef0f62d563150ccf5c13b91eaa3d205
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aspects-of-the-Novel
Aspects of the Novel
Aspects of the Novel Aspects of the Novel, collection of literary lectures by E.M. Forster, published in 1927. For the purposes of his study, Forster defines the novel as “any fictitious prose work over 50,000 words.” He employs the term aspects because its vague, unscientific nature suits what he calls the “spongy” f...
7a375bd833986f59570d37bbfd78d153
https://www.britannica.com/topic/aspic
Aspic
Aspic Aspic, savoury clear jelly prepared from a liquid stock made by simmering the bones of beef, veal, chicken, or fish. The aspic congeals when refrigerated by virtue of the natural gelatin that dissolves into the stock from the tendons; commercial sheet or powdered gelatin is sometimes added to ensure a stiff set...
5fca9526b65d62135d14e84484997788
https://www.britannica.com/topic/asrava
Āsrāva
Āsrāva Āsrāva, (Sanskrit: “what leaks out”) Pāli āsava, also called kleśa (Sanskrit: “affliction”), Pāli kilesa, in Buddhist philosophy, the illusion that ceaselessly flows out from internal organs (i.e., five sense organs and the mind). To the unenlightened, every existence becomes the object of illusion or is inevit...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Asselar-man
Asselar man
Asselar man Asselar man, extinct human known from a skeleton found in 1927 near the French military post of Asselar, French Sudan (now Mali), by M.V. Besnard and Théodore Monod. Some scholars consider it the oldest known skeleton of an African black. Asselar man is believed to belong to the Holocene Epoch.
02cbf2be2be2a26308a196b2f2081136
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Assemblies-of-God
Assemblies of God
Assemblies of God Assemblies of God, Pentecostal denomination of the Protestant church, generally considered the largest such denomination in the United States. It was formed by a union of several small Pentecostal groups at Hot Springs, Arkansas, in 1914. The council of some 120 pastors and evangelists who effected t...
eb76cbfd1f338cdc0b4d5c4136dc48ec
https://www.britannica.com/topic/assembly-government
Assembly
Assembly Assembly, deliberative council, usually legislative or juridical in purpose and power. The name has been given to various ancient and modern bodies, both political and ecclesiastical. It has been applied to relatively permanent bodies meeting periodically, such as the ancient Greek and Roman assemblies, the ...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Assembly-of-Delegates
Assembly of Delegates
Assembly of Delegates …consultative council known as the Assembly of Delegates, the members of which were chosen by indirect election, the great majority of those elected were village headmen. While Ismāʿīl did not intend to give any of his powers to the Assembly, its establishment and composition pointed to the politi...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Assembly-of-First-Nations
Assembly of First Nations
Assembly of First Nations …National Indian Brotherhood (now the Assembly of First Nations), while Métis and nonstatus Indians were represented by the Native Council of Canada. These and other organizations advocated policies including aboriginal rights (recognized in the Constitution Act [Canada Act] of 1982), improved...
5403c4e5f82d3c1837d7f12f6e79dc99
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Assembly-of-the-Republic
Assembly of the Republic
Assembly of the Republic The parliament comprises the unicameral Assembly of the Republic, which has 230 deputies. Its duties include debating and voting upon legislation, authorizing the government to raise revenues, and approving the laws passed by the legislatures of the autonomous regions. The parliament may also d...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Assessing-Progress-in-Haiti-Act
Assessing Progress in Haiti Act
Assessing Progress in Haiti Act …the United States enacted the Assessing Progress in Haiti Act, which mandated the establishment of a three-year plan for meeting reconstruction benchmarks in Haiti and the provision of annual reports to the U.S. Congress by the State Department.
e0bd1fea70eba3299ddcfb22f8d95672
https://www.britannica.com/topic/assessment-behaviour
Assessment
Assessment …activities under three main headings: assessment (including diagnosis), treatment, and research. In assessment, clinical psychologists administer and interpret psychological tests, either for the purpose of evaluating individuals’ relative intelligence or other capabilities or for the purpose of eliciting m...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/assessment-calculation-of-value
Assessment
Assessment Assessment, process of setting a value on real or personal property, usually for the purpose of taxation. In most countries central government agencies do the assessing, but in some it is done by local officials. Property is perhaps most commonly assessed on the basis of its annual rental value, as in Grea...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/asset
Asset
Asset …three major sections: (1) the assets, which are probable future economic benefits owned or controlled by the entity; (2) the liabilities, which are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits; and (3) the owners’ equity, calculated as the residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting liabiliti...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/assimilation-stimulus-response-behaviour
Assimilation
Assimilation The first, assimilation, is the relating of a new event or object to cognitive structures the child already possesses. A five-year-old who has a concept of a bird as a living thing with a beak and wings that flies will try to assimilate the initial perception of… The first, which he called assimilation, in...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/assize
Assize
Assize Assize, in law, a session, or sitting, of a court of justice. It originally signified the method of trial by jury. During the Middle Ages the term was applied to certain court sessions held in the counties of England; it was also applied in France to special sessions of the Parlement of Paris (the High Court) t...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Assizes-of-Ariano
Assizes of Ariano
Assizes of Ariano After the pacification of South Italy, the king promulgated in 1140 at the so-called Assizes of Ariano a corpus of law covering every aspect of his rule. He then returned to Palermo, which he seldom left again. There he spent his last…
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Assizes-of-Jerusalem
Assizes of Jerusalem
Assizes of Jerusalem Assizes of Jerusalem, French Assises De Jérusalem, a law code based on a series of customs and practices that developed in the Latin crusader kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century. It stands as one of the most complete monuments of feudal law. The basis for the assizes was laid by Godfrey of Bo...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Associated-Universities-Inc
Associated Universities, Inc.
Associated Universities, Inc. Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI), group of U.S. universities that administers the operation of two federally funded research facilities, one in nuclear physics and the other in radio astronomy. The member institutions are Columbia, Cornell, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, Massachusetts Institu...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/assumpsit
Assumpsit
Assumpsit Assumpsit, (Latin: “he has undertaken”), in common law, an action to recover damages for breach of contract. Originating in the 14th century as a form of recovery for the negligent performance of an undertaking, this action gradually came to cover the many kinds of agreement called for by an expanding comme...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Assumption-painting-by-Titian
Assumption
Assumption …his most revolutionary masterpieces, the Assumption (1516–18). This large and at the same time monumental composition occupies the high altar of Santa Maria dei Frari in Venice, a position that fully justifies the spectacular nature of the Virgin’s triumph as she ascends heavenward, accompanied by a large s...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Astrodome
Astrodome
Astrodome Astrodome, the world’s first domed air-conditioned indoor stadium, built in Houston, Texas, in 1965 and arguably the city’s most important architectural structure. Conceived by Roy Mark Hofheinz (a former county judge and mayor of Houston, 1953–55) and designed by architects Hermon Lloyd and W.B. Morgan, in ...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/astrology/Purposes-of-astrology
Purposes of astrology
Purposes of astrology The original purpose of astrology, on the other hand, was to inform the individual of the course of his life on the basis of the positions of the planets and of the zodiacal signs (the 12 astrological constellations) at the moment of his birth or conception. From this science, called genethlialogy...
4efed2f218994e4413e5905ac5ec69f7
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aswan-High-Dam
Aswan High Dam
Aswan High Dam Aswan High Dam, Arabic Al-Sadd al-ʿĀlī, rockfill dam across the Nile River, at Aswān, Egypt, completed in 1970 (and formally inaugurated in January 1971) at a cost of about $1 billion. The dam, 364 feet (111 metres) high, with a crest length of 12,562 feet (3,830 metres) and a volume of 57,940,000 cubic...
52956cd4fcdb7f8872364d3ffc4d436c
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atacama-people
Atacama
Atacama Atacama, also called Atacameño, orCunza, extinct South American Indian culture of the Andean desert oases of northern Chile and northwestern Argentina. The last surviving groups of the Atacama have been assimilated by Spanish and Aymara culture. In their widely scattered settlements the Atacama cultivated crop...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atalanta
Atalanta
Atalanta Atalanta, in Greek mythology, a renowned and swift-footed huntress, probably a parallel and less important form of the goddess Artemis. Traditionally, she was the daughter of Schoeneus of Boeotia or of Iasus and Clymene of Arcadia. Her complex legend includes the following incidents. On her father’s orders, s...
7ec6dcc8a7f4e50bd8cad37f4b802a85
https://www.britannica.com/topic/ATandT-Corporation
AT&T Corporation
AT&T Corporation AT&T Corporation, formerly (1899–1994) American Telephone and Telegraph Company, American corporation that provides long-distance telephone and other telecommunications services. It is a descendant of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, which built much of the United States’ long-distance an...
e74667ed45b55c7ddfe4175b216866e5
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atharvaveda
Atharvaveda
Atharvaveda Atharvaveda, collection of hymns and incantations that forms part of the ancient sacred literature of India known as the Vedas. See Veda.
f6b30ca3dc0ddb865f1433e56cfdbba9
https://www.britannica.com/topic/atheism
Atheism
Atheism Atheism, in general, the critique and denial of metaphysical beliefs in God or spiritual beings. As such, it is usually distinguished from theism, which affirms the reality of the divine and often seeks to demonstrate its existence. Atheism is also distinguished from agnosticism, which leaves open the question...
ef563062968acca27841e1e2cf2be4b5
https://www.britannica.com/topic/atheism/Atheism-and-intuitive-knowledge
Atheism and intuitive knowledge
Atheism and intuitive knowledge The gnostic may reply that there is a nonempirical way of establishing or making it probable that God exists. The claim is that there are truths about the nature of the cosmos neither capable of verification nor standing in need of verification. There is, gnostics claim against empiricis...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/atheism/Atheism-and-metaphysical-beliefs
Atheism and metaphysical beliefs
Atheism and metaphysical beliefs Such a form of atheism (the atheism of those pragmatists who are also naturalistic humanists), though less inadequate than the first formation of atheism, is still inadequate. God in developed forms of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam is not, like Zeus or Odin, construed in a relatively...
9a66e0ae760125a658aace75dfadcdf3
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Athletic-Association-of-Western-Universities
Athletic Association of Western Universities
Athletic Association of Western Universities …UCLA, and Washington formed the Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU). After Washington State joined the new conference in 1962 and Oregon and Oregon State in 1964, the name was changed to the Pacific-8 Conference. The University of Arizona and Arizona State U...
14857ef31b7b6a6a4b060cb8f5442e3e
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Athletics-by-Lowe
Athletics
Athletics …(later Lord Porritt), he wrote Athletics (1929), which had training hints and described attitudes toward running in their day. Lowe was a tactical runner, more interested in winning than in fast time, and he used a finishing kick to advantage. Lowe was called to the bar in 1928, made queen’s…
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Athos
Athos
Athos Athos, fictional character, one of the swashbuckling heroes of The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas père. The other two musketeers are his friends Porthos and Aramis, who join him in fighting various enemies during the reigns of the French kings Louis XIII and Louis XIV.
20ce0b45d30fd8318a1e7a21816d1783
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Athtar
ʿAthtar
ʿAthtar …of the South Arabian pantheon, ʿAthtar had superseded the ancient supreme Semitic god Il or El, whose name survives nearly exclusively in theophoric names. ʿAthtar was a god of the thunderstorm, dispensing natural irrigation in the form of rain. When qualified as Sharīqān, “the Eastern One” (possibly a referen...
06fdaf1b37cbf8410446374c710f1aa8
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atkan-Aleut-language
Atkan Aleut language
Atkan Aleut language …settled beginning in 1800; and Atkan Aleut, which is spoken also by young people (but no children) on Atka Island, Aleutian Islands, and by some old people on Bering Island, Komandor Islands, Russia, settled in 1826. Attu, once the westernmost Aleut dialect in Alaska, is now extinct in Alaska, but...
ede69728218a90ebe1659babf90c8871
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atkins-v-Virginia
Atkins v. Virginia
Atkins v. Virginia …Court ruled in 2002, in Atkins v. Virginia, that a sentence of capital punishment for people with mental retardation was unconstitutional; however, such people can be sentenced to life in prison without parole. The practice of not acquitting those with mental impairments but mitigating their punishm...
ef6c56b6cff9c8b17cfb039733bf8c68
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atlanta-Braves
Atlanta Braves
Atlanta Braves Atlanta Braves, American professional baseball team based in Atlanta. The team is the only existing major league franchise to have played every season since professional baseball came into existence. They have won three World Series titles (1914, 1957, and 1995) and 17 National League (NL) pennants. The...
359427d554973f394953566d753a56ca
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atlanta-Journal
Atlanta Journal
Atlanta Journal He published the Atlanta Journal (1887–1900), which he used as a forum to champion virtually all progressive measures of the period, with the notable exception of civil rights for blacks.
190427ad8029e125129edd0bbdd979b8
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atlantic-Coast-Conference
Atlantic Coast Conference
Atlantic Coast Conference Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), American collegiate athletic organization formed in 1953 as an offshoot of the Southern Conference. Member schools are Boston College (joined 2005), Clemson University, Duke University, Florida State University (joined 1990), the Georgia Institute of Technolog...
01c73af3f7044c844148d2a1fc87d4c0
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atlantis-legendary-island
Atlantis
Atlantis Atlantis, also spelled Atalantis or Atlantica, a legendary island in the Atlantic Ocean, lying west of the Strait of Gibraltar. The principal sources for the legend are two of Plato’s dialogues, Timaeus and Critias. In the former, Plato describes how Egyptian priests, in conversation with the Athenian lawgive...
ec62e3a84b0e51a2cb5e550e10444ce1
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atlantis-space-shuttle
Atlantis
Atlantis Other shuttle flights included the Atlantis mission in October 1989, which deployed the Galileo spacecraft that explored Jupiter, and the June 2002 flight of Endeavour, during which he participated in three space walks to help repair the robotic arm of the International Space Station. Chang-Díaz was a visiting...
d038b654e42eed21842ad845e18cfaeb
https://www.britannica.com/topic/atlas-maps
Atlas
Atlas Atlas, a collection of maps or charts, usually bound together. The name derives from a custom—initiated by Gerardus Mercator in the 16th century—of using the figure of the Titan Atlas, holding the globe on his shoulders, as a frontispiece for books of maps. In addition to maps and charts, atlases often contain p...
221f7c0dfe0494024bae7e990bfd011b
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atli
Atli
Atli …Nibelungenlied and under the name Atli in Icelandic sagas. In the Norse poem, Atli (the Hunnish king Attila) is the villain, who is slain by his wife, Gudrun, to avenge her brothers.
43961b1f837406fd982f88e495d3c584
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atmospheres
Atmosphères
Atmosphères Atmosphères, orchestral composition known for its dense texture and stasis by avant-garde Hungarian-born composer György Ligeti. It was commissioned by Southwest German Radio and premiered at the Festival of Contemporary Music in Donaueschingen, West Germany, on October 22, 1961. But the piece reached its ...
c03befa35d15aee594a0859e4f626695
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atomic-Blonde
Atomic Blonde
Atomic Blonde …a Time in Venice, and Atomic Blonde. His later movies included Captive State (2019), in which aliens have colonized Earth and face a resistance movement. …Fast and the Furious series—and Atomic Blonde, in which she played a British spy. Theron’s films in 2018 included the dark comedy Gringo, about a phar...
43d634bbe8459fa8216b7be013ef042f
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atomic-Energy-Commission-French-organization
Atomic Energy Commission
Atomic Energy Commission …October 18, 1945, the French Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique; CEA) was established by Gen. Charles de Gaulle with the objective of exploiting the scientific, industrial, and military potential of atomic energy. The military application of atomic energy did not begin...
1d9d87dfffd9d3b9d6d4235367dea122
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atomic-Energy-Commission-United-States-organization
Atomic Energy Commission
Atomic Energy Commission Atomic Energy Commission, (AEC), U.S. federal civilian agency established by the Atomic Energy Act, which was signed into law by President Harry S. Truman on Aug. 1, 1946, to control the development and production of nuclear weapons and to direct the research and development of peaceful uses ...
e39a1194313250b6105e208d0bc0d2d6
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atomic-Energy-Organization-of-Iran
Atomic Energy Organization of Iran
Atomic Energy Organization of Iran The Atomic Energy Organization (AEO) of Iran was established in 1973 to construct a network of more than 20 nuclear power plants. By 1978 two 1,200-megawatt reactors near Būshehr on the Persian Gulf were near completion and were scheduled to begin operation early in 1980, but… The Ato...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/atomic-proposition
Atomic proposition
Atomic proposition …an “atom” of language (an atomic proposition) and an atomic fact; thus, for each atomic fact there is a corresponding atomic proposition. An atomic proposition is one that asserts that a certain thing has a certain quality (e.g.: “This is red.”). An atomic fact is the simplest kind of fact… …the ato...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/atomic-sentence
Atomic sentence
Atomic sentence …as forming the simple (atomic) sentences, and (3) a set of inductive clauses—inductive inasmuch as they stipulate that natural combinations of given sentences formed by such logical connectives as the disjunction “or,” which is symbolized “∨”; “not,” symbolized “∼”; and “for all ,” symbolized “(∀),” ar...
7d209303b180bdb42c283c2878204ec9
https://www.britannica.com/topic/atomism/Foundational-issues-posed-by-atomism
Foundational issues posed by atomism
Foundational issues posed by atomism In discussing atomism, one particular system, that of Democritus, has been here distinguished as atomism in the strict sense because of the fact that in no other system have the foundational issues of atomism been so clearly expressed. Atomism in the strict sense is not merely one o...
cf8512617e57c80ddddd2cf1903ae1d9
https://www.britannica.com/topic/atomism/Modern-scientific-atomism-early-pioneering-work
Modern scientific atomism: early pioneering work
Modern scientific atomism: early pioneering work Modern atomism arose with the flowering of science in the present sense of the word. In the history of atomism the 17th century occupies a special place for two reasons: it saw the revival of Democritean atomism, and it saw the beginning of a scientific atomic theory. Th...
5ffb91945fcccdab76da3cfc13ad5a07
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aton
Aton
Aton Aton, also spelled Aten, in ancient Egyptian religion, a sun god, depicted as the solar disk emitting rays terminating in human hands, whose worship briefly was the state religion. The pharaoh Akhenaton (reigned 1353–36 bce) returned to supremacy of the sun god, with the startling innovation that the Aton was to ...
bd2949faeeeefb06a7bdfeaecdb468a9
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atonement-film-by-Wright
Atonement
Atonement An Academy Award-winning film version of the story appeared in 2007. …appeared in the film dramas Atonement (2007), an adaptation of the novel by Ian McEwan, and Evening (2007), in which she starred as a woman who remembers a long-lost love as she lies on her deathbed.
fc659f57f7466aaf01e2616117bafafa
https://www.britannica.com/topic/atonement-religion
Atonement
Atonement Atonement, the process by which a person removes obstacles to his reconciliation with God. It is a recurring theme in the history of religion and theology. Rituals of expiation and satisfaction appear in most religions, whether primitive or developed, as the means by which the religious person reestablishes...
4eb20f3836ff64fcc90157533502ac40
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atreus
Atreus
Atreus Atreus, in Greek legend, the son of Pelops of Mycenae and his wife, Hippodamia. Atreus was the elder brother of Thyestes and was the king of Mycenae. The story of his family—the House of Atreus—is virtually unrivaled in antiquity for complexity and corruption. There are several different accounts of Atreus’s fe...
ba5bad601dd60bc27019a2d6316d5b6e
https://www.britannica.com/topic/ATTAC
ATTAC
ATTAC …most well-known antiglobalization group is ATTAC (Association pour la Taxation des Transactions Financière et l’Aide aux Citoyens, “Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions and Aid to Citizens”), which exists in more than 30 countries. ATTAC holds that financial globalization leads to a less secure...
18da4f7f908c6164c88fe07d0077b535
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Attica-prison-revolt
Attica prison revolt
Attica prison revolt Attica prison revolt, prison insurrection in 1971, lasting from September 9 to September 13, during which inmates in New York’s maximum-security Attica Correctional Facility seized control of the prison and took members of the prison staff hostage to demand improved living conditions. After four d...
75eba3d3e6ccc823c2a0d320613dde6e
https://www.britannica.com/topic/attorney
Attorney
Attorney The “attorneys,” authorized by legislation, at first shared the life of the Inns with the “apprentices” in advocacy, who themselves in time acquired the title of barrister. Indeed, there were cases of men working as both barristers and attorneys. When in the 16th century the Court… …trial typically begins with...
b2205f0e982b4d87e24964ab2bfc90da
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aucassin-et-Nicolette
Aucassin et Nicolette
Aucassin et Nicolette Aucassin et Nicolette, early 13th-century French chantefable (a story told in alternating sections of verse and prose, the former sung, the latter recited). Aucassin, “endowed with all good qualities,” is the son of the Count of Beaucaire and falls in love with Nicolette, a captive Saracen turned...
067eb841aa4bd8d89f44610fab71ff2e
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Auction-Euchre
Auction Euchre
Auction Euchre Auction euchre is played with five, six, or seven players and a three-card widow (cards dealt facedown). Each player in turn has one opportunity to bid at least three tricks using a named trump or to overcall a previous bid. A bid of five is…
6558283634e2391ee4b2c95b16eefff8
https://www.britannica.com/topic/audiencia
Audiencia
Audiencia Audiencia, in the kingdoms of late medieval Spain, a court established to administer royal justice; also, one of the most important governmental institutions of Spanish colonial America. In Spain the ordinary judges of audiencias in civil cases were called oidores and, for criminal cases, alcaldes de crimen....
dc93c5b7d6b1438a55b856083351cff0
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Audumla
Audumla
Audumla A cow, Audumla, nourished him with her milk. Audumla was herself nourished by licking salty, rime-covered stones. She licked the stones into the shape of a man; this was Buri, who became the grandfather of the great god Odin and his brothers. These gods later killed Aurgelmir,… …reference to the primeval cow Au...
0ca7ad482690d69f91efa4fde74ab794
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Auf-dem-See
Auf dem See
Auf dem See …Goethe’s most perfect poems, “Auf dem See” (“On the Lake”), and was followed by a walking tour through the mountains, with Goethe sketching all the time. Up on St. Gotthard Pass he contemplated the road down to Italy but turned away toward Lili and home.
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/augury
Augury
Augury Augury, prophetic divining of the future by observation of natural phenomena—particularly the behaviour of birds and animals and the examination of their entrails and other parts, but also by scrutiny of man-made objects and situations. The term derives from the official Roman augurs, whose constitutional func...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/August-Osage-County-film-by-Wells
August: Osage County
August: Osage County …The Company You Keep (2012), August: Osage County (2013), and Demolition (2015), and he portrayed J.D. Salinger in Coming Through the Rye (2015). …a hapless young man in August: Osage County, based on the play by Tracy Letts. He also lent his posh growl to the computer-animated dragon Smaug in The...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Augustana-College-Rock-Island-Illinois
Augustana College
Augustana College Augustana College, private, coeducational liberal arts college located along the Mississippi River in Rock Island, northwestern Illinois, U.S. The college is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Lutheran immigrants from Sweden, most of them graduates of Uppsala and Lund univers...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Augustinian-Hermits
Augustinian Hermits
Augustinian Hermits Giles joined the Augustinian Hermits in about 1257 and in 1260 went to Paris, where he was educated in the house of his order. While in Paris from 1269 to 1272, he probably studied under St. Thomas Aquinas, whose philosophical doctrines he defended against ecclesiastical condemnation (1277). He… …mo...
daa5aee4f133273afaf1eb49038def07
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Augustinian-Recollect
Augustinian Recollect
Augustinian Recollect …the Augustinian Hermits is the Augustinian Recollects (O.A.R.), formed in the 16th century by friars who desired a rule of stricter observance and a return to the eremitic ideals of solitude and contemplation. In 1588 the monastery at Talavera de la Reina in Spain was designated for the Recollect...
6e3811948caf8afa2c93846ca5dc6917
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Augustinians
Augustinian
Augustinian Augustinian, member of any of the Roman Catholic religious orders and congregations of men and women whose constitutions are based on the Rule of St. Augustine. More specifically, the name is used to designate members of two main branches of Augustinians—namely, the Augustinian Canons and the Augustinian H...
ed890b51f1c4430df832a10c6c311152
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aukstaiciai
Aukstaiciai
Aukstaiciai …the Lithuanians—the Samogitians and the Aukstaiciai—covered most of present-day Lithuania, stretching into Belarus. Five more subdivisions formed the basis for the modern Latvians. Westernmost of these were the Kuronians, who were divided into five to seven principalities on the peninsula of Courland (mode...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Auldjo-Vase
Auldjo Vase
Auldjo Vase …with Cupids gathering grapes; the Auldjo Vase, with an exquisitely naturalistic vine; and the celebrated Portland Vase, the scenes on which have always been the subject of scholarly controversy but are generally supposed to depict myths relating to the afterlife. Similar imitations of carving in precious s...
a789fe66cceea01978f3611673144d31
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aulularia
Aulularia
Aulularia The play, based on the Aulularia of Roman comic playwright Plautus, recasts the ancient comic figure of the miser who is inhuman in his worship of money and all too human in his need for respect and affection. …being overcareful of it (the Aulularia of Plautus); on a father who tries so hard to win the girl f...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Auntie-Mame-film-by-DaCosta
Auntie Mame
Auntie Mame …of the long-running stage hit Auntie Mame (1956) and the subsequent movie version (1958), in which she played an unconventional woman whose nephew comes to live with her after his father’s death. She received her fourth Oscar nomination for her movie portrayal. In the 1950s and ’60s she enjoyed a…
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aura-novel-by-Fuentes
Aura
Aura Aura (1962) is a novella that successfully fuses reality and fantasy. La muerte de Artemio Cruz (1962; The Death of Artemio Cruz), which presents the agony of the last hours of a wealthy survivor of the Mexican Revolution, was translated into several languages and established…
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aurelia
Aurelia
Aurelia Aurelia). The dense symbolic allusiveness of these latter works is the poetic transcription of an anguished, mystical quest that draws on the most diverse religious myths and all manner of literary, historical, occult, and esoteric knowledge. They represent one of the peaks of achievement of…
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aureliano-in-Palmira
Aureliano in Palmira
Aureliano in Palmira With Aureliano in Palmira (1814) the composer affirmed his authority over the singers; he decided to prescribe and write the ornaments for his arias, but the work was not a success. After L’Italiana he wrote Il Turco in Italia (1814; The Turk in Italy) for the…
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Aureng-Zebe
Aureng-Zebe
Aureng-Zebe …intelligent example of the genre, Aureng-Zebe. In this play he abandoned the use of rhymed couplets for that of blank verse.
28ec1cbc6ea5e18a4807dae120b67759
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australasian-Football-Council
Australasian Football Council
Australasian Football Council A national body, the Australasian Football Council, was formed in 1906 to regulate interstate player movement and develop contests on the national level, though it remained under the auspices of the VFL. As the council’s name suggests, efforts to keep the game alive in New Zealand were par...
4ed1e28db440440174082cf3ca9964b2
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australian-Aboriginal
Australian Aboriginal peoples
Australian Aboriginal peoples Australian Aboriginal peoples, one of the two distinct groups of Indigenous peoples of Australia, the other being the Torres Strait Islander peoples. It has long been conventionally held that Australia is the only continent where the entire Indigenous population maintained a single kind o...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australian-Aboriginal/Beliefs-and-aesthetic-values
Beliefs and aesthetic values
Beliefs and aesthetic values Aboriginal people saw their way of life as already ordained by the creative acts of the Dreaming beings and the blueprint that was their legacy, so their mission was simply to live in agreement with the terms of that legacy. There was thus no notion of progress and no room for competing dog...
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australian-Aboriginal/Kinship-marriage-and-the-family
Kinship, marriage, and the family
Kinship, marriage, and the family The smooth operation of social life depended on obedience to religious precepts and on the operation of kinship, which was the major force regulating interpersonal behaviour. Kinship is a system of social relationships expressed in a biological idiom through terms such as mother, son, ...
de2abfa44867aff3ff555a9dd20bef9f
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australian-Aboriginal/Leadership-and-social-control
Leadership and social control
Leadership and social control Aboriginal people had no chiefs or other centralized institutions of social or political control. In various measures, Aboriginal societies exhibited both hierarchical and egalitarian tendencies, but they were classless; an egalitarian ethos predominated, the subordinate status of women no...
d15b2e5a80a4945afe9bd13865236227
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australian-Broadcasting-Corporation
Australian Broadcasting Corporation
Australian Broadcasting Corporation The government-funded Australian Broadcasting Corporation is also an important patron of the arts, particularly of music. It supports the principal symphony orchestra in each state and gives strong encouragement to composers. In Sydney many new facilities were also built (and establi...
71157fd0a5b992072c6639477f5acd87
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australian-Council-of-Trade-Unions
Australian Council of Trade Unions
Australian Council of Trade Unions Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), the dominant association and governing body of the trade union movement in Australia, established in May 1927. Membership grew significantly when the Australian Workers’ Union joined the ACTU in 1967. Two other mergers with federations of wh...
be3dff3b6d9938f49040e22c0af7ac39
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australian-newspaper
Australian
Australian …acquired in 1981) and the Australian (a national daily that he established in 1964). Murdoch took up residence in the United States in 1974 and became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1985, based in New York City.
ebbfd69c78f3ef667aee8511f451f57a
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australian-Stock-Exchange-Limited
Australian Stock Exchange Limited
Australian Stock Exchange Limited …are now traded by the Australian Stock Exchange Limited (ASX), formed in 1987 to amalgamate the six state stock exchanges, via an all-electronic system.
55f8ef4ca6d69f8f5f714be65dfbdde1
https://www.britannica.com/topic/australopith
Australopith
Australopith The general term australopith (or australopithecine) is used informally to refer to members of the genus Australopithecus. Australopithecines include the genus Paranthropus (2.3–1.2 mya), which comprises three species of australopiths—collectively called the “robusts” because of their very large cheek teet...
39970d8ace653e0e2d82c5c537fbfd27
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australopithecus
Australopithecus
Australopithecus Australopithecus, (Latin: “southern ape”) (genus Australopithecus), group of extinct primates closely related to, if not actually ancestors of, modern human beings and known from a series of fossils found at numerous sites in eastern, north-central, and southern Africa. The various species of Austral...
a54d1da8ba913d687df40f143a0f5390
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Austro-Russian-agreements
Austro-Russian agreements
Austro-Russian agreements The agreements signed as a result of that initiative aimed to exclude Italy from Balkan affairs and sought to entrust preservation of the Balkan order to the bilateral cooperation of the two eastern monarchies rather than to a multilateral alliance system. Thus, the final years of… …eased Euro...
4b51c4aef791c9bb81de65dad75a91b5
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Austronesian-languages
Austronesian languages
Austronesian languages Austronesian languages, formerly Malayo-Polynesian languages, family of languages spoken in most of the Indonesian archipelago; all of the Philippines, Madagascar, and the island groups of the Central and South Pacific (except for Australia and much of New Guinea); much of Malaysia; and scattere...
6f02b9bc7d70e87d19f152e1fa08c80f
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Austronesian-languages/Classification-and-prehistory
Classification and prehistory
Classification and prehistory Given the size of the Austronesian family, the subgrouping of the languages is a matter of some importance, bearing on, among other things, the determination of the Austronesian homeland. Until the 1930s the branches of Austronesian were customarily identified with purely geographic labels...
001cc9eac1c9fb36e7356345a5f1f040
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Austronesian-languages/Morphology-and-canonical-shape
Morphology and canonical shape
Morphology and canonical shape The Austronesian languages of Taiwan, the Philippines, northern Borneo, and Sulawesi and some other languages (such as Malagasy, Palauan, and Chamorro) are characterized by a very rich morphology, which functions in both verb-forming and noun-forming processes. Some languages use affixati...
f23c64412994b1919b20278ccfac15e4
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Author-Author-1982-film
Author! Author!
Author! Author! …of forgettable comedies followed, including Author! Author! (1982), which starred Al Pacino as an overwhelmed playwright, and The Lonely Guy (1984), with Steve Martin and a scene-stealing Charles Grodin. Hiller had a modest hit with Outrageous Fortune (1987), which cast Bette Midler and Shelley Long as...