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3dce977c8c52cd8fc707c74bcd7decc8 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Du-calcul-de-leffet-des-machines | Du calcul de l’effet des machines | Du calcul de l’effet des machines
…in his first major book, Du calcul de l’effet des machines (1829; “On the Calculation of Mechanical Action”), in which he attempted to adapt theoretical principles to applied mechanics.
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6c664f48cada9a52c52c9408ae651c15 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/dual-economy | Dual economy | Dual economy
…country, it aggravates the financial dualism characterized by low rates of interest in the modern sector and high rates in the traditional sector. The policy of keeping the official rate of interest below the equilibrium rate of interest also results in an excess demand for loans, leading to domestic infl... |
8e80409892a9480c0da0f89e776810db | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Duala | Duala | Duala
Duala, also spelled Douala, Bantu-speaking people of the forest region of southern Cameroon living on the estuary of the Wouri River. By 1800 the Duala controlled Cameroon’s trade with Europeans, and their concentrated settlement pattern developed under this influence. Their system of chieftaincy was partly foun... |
5a6f84d823dc89e133f9babd7b85c812 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/duchy | Duchy | Duchy
…the 12th century the tribal duchies of the Ottonian period finally disintegrated. Within their ancient boundaries not only bishops but also lay lords succeeded in eluding the authority of the dukes. In their large immunities, bishops and nonducal nobles themselves wielded ducal powers. To enforce the imperial pe... |
527823dbe24d9f71de0d724bbd603dfb | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Duck-Amuck | Duck Amuck | Duck Amuck
…for this interpretation was Jones’s Duck Amuck (1953), in which an omnipotent animator torments Daffy by shuffling him between quickly changing backgrounds, dropping props in and out of the scene, and even briefly erasing him. The culprit turns out to be none other than Bugs Bunny himself.
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2ec7c295b7c4eed088a2582bb71429fe | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Duck-Rock | Duck Rock | Duck Rock
…released his own solo album, Duck Rock, an eclectic fusion of hip-hop and world music that spawned two British top 10 hits: “Buffalo Gals” and “Double Dutch.” Several other albums followed, including the opera-inspired Fans (1984), Waltz Darling (1989), and Paris (1994).
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28363aa3bf3b844fef1b908fdcb682ba | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Duck-Soup | Duck Soup | Duck Soup
Duck Soup, American screwball comedy, released in 1933, that is considered to be among the Marx Brothers’ best films. It is especially noted for its anarchic style and effective satirization of war.
Groucho Marx played Rufus T. Firefly, the cynical, sarcastic, and money-hungry leader of a fictional country c... |
cf4e228722cc12d52e1cf54b073119b7 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/due-care-theory | Due-care theory | Due-care theory
…on sellers are contract theory, due-care theory, and strict-liability theory. Each essentially attaches a guarantee to the product intended to promote product safety, quality, and conformity. Although it does not compel a warranty, the due-care theory pushes manufacturers to avoid negligence and to act... |
325da307ee31f9f6aa590691c9890053 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/due-diligence | Due diligence | Due diligence
Due diligence, a standard of vigilance, attentiveness, and care often exercised in various professional and societal settings. The effort is measured by the circumstances under which it is applied, with the expectation that it will be conducted with a level of reasonableness and prudence appropriate for ... |
74214109fb51a73808c124fee379528f | https://www.britannica.com/topic/due-process | Due process | Due process
Due process, a course of legal proceedings according to rules and principles that have been established in a system of jurisprudence for the enforcement and protection of private rights. In each case, due process contemplates an exercise of the powers of government as the law permits and sanctions, under r... |
96d256198313ab941457b7413831d02d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Duet | Duet | Duet
His avant-garde works ranged from Duet (1957), in which he and his partner remained motionless for four minutes, to Orbs (1966), an hour-long composition to Beethoven’s last string quartets. Other well-known dances included Three Epitaphs (1956), Aureole (1962), Scudorama (1963), The Book of Beasts (1971), Esplana... |
e3a7b9c34ddad5964996d80485a66a5a | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Duisburg-Neuenkamp-Bridge | Duisburg-Neuenkamp Bridge | Duisburg-Neuenkamp Bridge
…1,148 feet (350 metres), the Duisburg-Neuenkamp Bridge across the Rhine is one of the world’s longest-span truss structures. Pop. (2011) 488,468; (2016 est.) 502,634.
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a78e2658399b91dabaf2a3d0f0727c1e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Duke-of-Omnium | Duke of Omnium | Duke of Omnium
Duke of Omnium, original name Plantagenet Palliser, fictional character in the Palliser novels by Anthony Trollope. The Duke figures most prominently in Can You Forgive Her? (1864–65), the first book of the series. A stuffy yet decent-minded man, he is politically ambitious and neglectful of his beautif... |
2d8dfe2c00fadde3709c89b7ba5043b9 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dulcibella | Dulcibella | Dulcibella
Dulcibella, also called Dowsabel, in English poetry, an idealized sweetheart, based on the Latin word dulcis (“sweet”). Dulcibella, like Dulcinea, represents beauty, inspiration, and virtuous love. The name was used in medieval literature and appeared with some frequency in the 16th century, but it was obso... |
409587924159338ba6bb3d89dc9926a3 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dulhan | Dulhan | Dulhan
…1914 the first Punjabi play, Dulhan (“The Bride”), written by her pupil I.C. Nanda. For 50 years she promoted rural drama and inspired actors and producers, including Prithvi Raj Kapoor.
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35ea154d13a92b574465dde271e856b2 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dulle-Griet | Dulle Griet | Dulle Griet
…figure, a process repeated in Dulle Griet (1977), in which the father’s death triggers a host of memories. Deux (1975; “Two”) dramatizes a conflict between woman and writer represented by two sides of a single narrator. L’Enragé (1978; “The Furious One”) is a fictional biography of Flemish painter Pieter B... |
ba9c538f0e903627a03e733e562e123d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/DuMont-Television-Network | DuMont Television Network | DuMont Television Network
DuMont Television Network, American television network of the 1940s and ’50s, established in 1946 by DuMont Laboratories and its founder, Allen B. DuMont. The parent company was a pioneer in early television technology, but, largely because it lacked the support of a radio network, the DuMont... |
f89cd342fdf3d2e89fcd3b41ed957f33 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dumuzi-Abzu | Dumuzi-Abzu | Dumuzi-Abzu
Dumuzi-Abzu, in Mesopotamian religion, Sumerian deity, city goddess of Kinirsha near Lagash in the southeastern marshland region. She represented the power of fertility and new life in the marshes. Dumuzi-Abzu corresponded to the Sumerian god Dumuzi of the central steppe area, and thus around Eridu she was... |
ab10c029061b98b9fcbd0fc7491ed3ef | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana | Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana | Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana
Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana, in Mesopotamian religion, Sumerian deity especially popular in the southern orchard regions and later in the central steppe area. He was the young bridegroom of the goddess Inanna (Akkadian: Ishtar), a fertility figure sometimes called the Lady of the Date Clusters. As such... |
4a7a526541cdbd287f10151b6960c883 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Duncan-v-Louisiana | Duncan v. Louisiana | Duncan v. Louisiana
…state, but, in 1968 in Duncan v. Louisiana, the United States Supreme Court ruled that a jury trial is a constitutional right in all criminal cases in which the penalty may exceed six months’ imprisonment. In civil cases its constitutional status is more various, but jury trial generally is availab... |
e801531780c685e609d7d328d2b98b04 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dundo-Museum | Dundo Museum | Dundo Museum
…town is home to the Dundo Museum, which has extensive ethnographic collections that include wooden traditional masks and wooden sculptures of the local heterogeneous Lunda-Chokwe peoples (see also Lunda; Chokwe).
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a4d50f687440c84491a1aa175a6a867f | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dune-II | Dune II | Dune II
…the first commercial success being Dune II (1992), based on American director David Lynch’s 1984 film version of Frank Herbert’s science fiction novel Dune (1965). Dune II allowed players to select and control multiple units with their mouse for the first time, creating the control interface standard for most ... |
4edde0c0c4a093cfefccd1f4a171fa36 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dungeon | Dungeon | Dungeon
…electronic version of D&D was Dungeon (1975), which was an unauthorized adaptation for the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-10 minicomputer. Although basically a text-based implementation, it included overhead maps of the dungeon that showed where players had explored.
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a6b0e623879f146f6ed544ad855ca37b | https://www.britannica.com/topic/dunnage | Dunnage | Dunnage
…is the freedom from “dunnage,” the packing and bracing necessary to immobilize the usual odd-sized nonbulk cargoes. The highway trailers and railcars that form the land part of the trade route are similarly designed to fit the container, thereby making the shoreside handling rapid and virtually free of hands-o... |
a334f3ed68452f3dce4da69dc900e5f6 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dunns-River-Falls | Dunns River Falls | Dunns River Falls
The 600-foot (180-metre) cataracts of Dunns River Falls make Ocho Rios a popular tourist resort, and the town has numerous hotels as well as cruise ship facilities. As a trade centre, it serves an area producing citrus fruits, corn (maize), allspice (pimento), and cattle. Bauxite is mined nearby and t... |
7c2dd50320feca96b0deac2499fe2752 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Duplicity-film-by-Gilroy | Duplicity | Duplicity
…Fireflies in the Garden (2008); Duplicity (2009), in which she played a corporate spy; and the romantic comedy Valentine’s Day (2010).
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6f7c4065937cd0b0d878de744cc2a5f3 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Duquesne-University | Duquesne University | Duquesne University
Duquesne University, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. Duquesne is affiliated with the Roman Catholic church. The university consists of the College of Liberal Arts and the schools of Business Administration, Natural and Environmental Sciences, ... |
c13f6a2e7cd14613134f9dbe22a8e79c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Durfort-family | Durfort Family | Durfort Family
Durfort Family, French noble family of prominence in the 17th and 18th centuries.
The family, which can be traced back to the 11th century, claims as a member Guy Aldonce I de Durfort (1605–65), Marquis de Duras, who raised three famous sons: Jacques Henri I (1625–1704), marshal of France (1675) and Du... |
4babec2257111d424fcc812b1088ea0d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Durrani | Durrānī | Durrānī
Durrānī, also spelled Durānī, formerly Abdālī, one of the two chief tribal confederations of Afghanistan, the other being the Ghilzay. In the time of Nāder Shāh the Durrānī were granted lands in the region of Qandahār, which was their homeland; and they moved there from Herāt.
In the late 18th century the Durr... |
75c4b871be42a942f583ce38984997a4 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/DuSable-Museum-of-African-American-History | DuSable Museum of African American History | DuSable Museum of African American History
The DuSable Museum of African American History (1961) is one of the country’s oldest museums devoted to the study of African American life and history. In addition, Robie House (1908–10), owned by the university, is one of the finest examples of Prairie-style architecture.
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1f1826d0f3ef87077d3c12c8f4a4285a | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dusk-by-Michelangelo | Dusk | Dusk
The immensely massive Day and Dusk are relatively tranquil in their mountainous grandeur, though Day perhaps implies inner fire. Both female figures have the tall, slim proportions and small feet considered beautiful at the time, but otherwise they form a contrast: Dawn, a virginal figure, strains upward along her... |
1d0817b444def2e4a45301430e66d139 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dusk-of-Dawn | Dusk of Dawn | Dusk of Dawn
In 1940 appeared Dusk of Dawn, subtitled An Essay Toward an Autobiography of a Race Concept. In this brilliant book, Du Bois explained his role in both the African and the African American struggles for freedom, viewing his career as an ideological case study illuminating the complexity of…
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41e56cf9991f6c44a4a58944e6c478c9 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Duss-und-underm-Rafe | Duss und underm Rafe | Duss und underm Rafe
With his poetry, notably Duss und underm Rafe (1891), rooted in the style of the folk song, he helped inaugurate creative and stylistic developments in Swiss poetry. His historical novels, such as Die Jungfer von Wattenwil (1912; “The Maiden of Wattenwil”), and his plays are considered to be of…
…d... |
a2904f41788333aa6d4c15e2ef80e864 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dust-Flux-Monitor-Instrument | Dust Flux Monitor Instrument | Dust Flux Monitor Instrument
The Dust Flux Monitor Instrument was basically a sophisticated large-area microphone that measured particle impact rates and mass distribution. It was built as a shield to protect the spacecraft from fast-moving dust.
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392877fdc4fc3b4862e4f7634990b126 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dust-My-Broom | Dust My Broom | Dust My Broom
…of his 1952 hit “Dust My Broom” and repeated that song’s opening guitar chorus on many later recordings. Characteristically, his singing was harsh, including shouted phrases, and his vivid slide guitar replies featured heavy amplifier reverberation. His most-praised work began in 1958 and included the sl... |
2d347972d89f75509717843176ac97e7 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dust-Tracks-on-a-Road | Dust Tracks on a Road | Dust Tracks on a Road
Dust Tracks on a Road, autobiography of Zora Neale Hurston, published in 1942.
Controversial for its refusal to examine the effects of racism or segregation, Dust Tracks on a Road opens with the author’s childhood in Eatonville, Fla., the site of the first organized African American effort at sel... |
c557eb0eb502d9aab470dba019684985 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/dustur | Dustūr | Dustūr
…ʿurf, and in East Africa, dustūr. Muslim communities developed their ʿādahs before accepting Islām and did not abandon them entirely afterward. Thus in Indonesian Minangkabau, where many Muslims still retain old Hindu or pagan traditions, a matriarchate is recognized, contrary to the Sharīʿah; in parts of India... |
0583bf248b24c038676244784c8328ae | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dutch-auction | Dutch auction | Dutch auction
By contrast, in a so-called Dutch auction, the seller offers property at successively lower prices until one of his offers is accepted or until the price drops so low as to force the withdrawal of the offered property.
…the “English” and the “Dutch” (the former involving low initial prices and ever-increa... |
04ef50b9b37f3e7fb972887ab31f89e6 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dutch-process | Dutch process | Dutch process
Dutch-process cocoa powders and chocolate liquors are treated at the nib, liquor, or powder stage. The treatment is frequently referred to as “Dutching” because the process, first applied by C.J. van Houten in the Netherlands, was introduced as “Dutch cocoa.” In this alkalizing…
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aa8b40590f5379c69e8658697c6706e6 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dutch-West-India-Company | Dutch West India Company | Dutch West India Company
Dutch West India Company, byname of West India Company, Dutch West-Indische Compagnie, Dutch trading company, founded in 1621 mainly to carry on economic warfare against Spain and Portugal by striking at their colonies in the West Indies and South America and on the west coast of Africa. While... |
ad1f027d884721973c7424c9512da6bd | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Duvergers-law | Duverger’s law | Duverger’s law
…generalization was later called “Duverger’s law.” The French sociologist Michel Crozier’s The Bureaucratic Phenomenon (1964) found that Weber’s idealized bureaucracy is quite messy, political, and varied. Each bureaucracy is a political subculture; what is rational and routine in one bureau may be quite... |
14050a63a4a7787095f57d35f5c1429e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dvadasa-dvara-sastra | Dvādasá-dvāra-śāstra | Dvādasá-dvāra-śāstra
…the Middle Way”) and the Dvādasá-dvāra-śāstra (“Twelve Gates Treatise”) by Nāgārjuna and the Śataka-śāstra (“One Hundred Verses Treatise”), attributed to his pupil Āryadeva.
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ef2c513fcfbadfc32b227223364bcb04 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dvapara-Yuga | Dvāpara Yuga | Dvāpara Yuga
…the three others, the Tretā, Dvāpara, and Kali yugas. The respective durations of these four yugas were 1,728,000, 1,296,000, 864,000, and 432,000 years. According to the astronomer Aryabhata, however, the duration of each of the four yugas was the same—i.e., 1,080,000 years. The basic figures in these ca... |
bef05acbd2accf27aebcf68d61250947 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/dwarf-mythology | Dwarf | Dwarf
Dwarf, an individual who is much below the ordinary stature or size for his ethnic group or species. (For the physiology of dwarf human beings, see dwarfism. See also Pygmy.)
In Teutonic and especially Scandinavian mythology and folklore, the term dwarf (Old Norse: dvergr) denoted a species of fairy inhabiting t... |
f049f274a72004bad01d255f95de3f70 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dyaus | Dyaus | Dyaus
…that of the sky god Dyaus of the ancient Hindu Rigveda. Zeus was regarded as the sender of thunder and lightning, rain, and winds, and his traditional weapon was the thunderbolt. He was called the father (i.e., the ruler and protector) of both gods and men.
…including the old sky god Dyaus, whose name is cognate... |
9556d875661410323833f57db4415b67 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dyn | Dyn | Dyn
… brought down the servers of Dyn, an American company that is in charge of much of the Internet’s domain name system (DNS). This attack interrupted much of North American Internet traffic. The Mirai botnet was not made up of infected computers but infected other devices, such as baby monitors, digital…
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67c0879515f0ea1ba3832f589cbc1d91 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dynamic-Tension | Dynamic-Tension | Dynamic-Tension
…an English naturopath, Atlas employed Dynamic-Tension principles to develop a mail-order course that was the basis for a multimillion-dollar bodybuilding business. Then in 1928, in partnership with Roman, he conducted one of the most-celebrated advertising campaigns in American history. Slogans such as... |
b04695d77b221efeb194d12887eabfcc | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dyula-language | Dyula language | Dyula language
…four million), Malinke, Maninka, Mende, Dyula (which is used as a trade language by four million people in northern Côte d’Ivoire and western Burkina Faso), Soninke, and Susu. The smaller eastern group consists of 13 languages, only one of which, Dan, has a million speakers.
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e0a22ef7c48e82fd9df5a3d2312247f3 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/DZero | DZero | DZero
…second experiment at Fermilab, code-named DZero, or D0, published more convincing evidence. The results indicated that the top quark has a mass between 170 and 190 gigaelectron volts (GeV; 109 eV). This is almost as heavy as a nucleus of lead, so it was not surprising that previous experiments had…
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c882f0e76b97383b5ad39263ad9e52c3 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/dziady | Dziady | Dziady
Dziady, in Slavic religion, all the dead ancestors of a family, the rites that are performed in their memory, and the day on which those rites are performed. Dziady take place three or four times a year; though the dates vary in different localities, dziady are generally celebrated in the winter before the beg... |
ed83aa826cec128e40a4835cdb6335d5 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dzungar | Dzungar | Dzungar
Dzungar, also spelled Junggar, Jüüngar, Dzhungar, or Dsongar, people of Central Asia, so called because they formed the left wing (dson, “left”; gar, “hand”) of the Mongol army. A western Mongol people whose home was the Ili River valley and Chinese Turkistan, they adopted Buddhism in the 17th century. They ar... |
bf89852f71d9f18879bdeb64017565c8 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/e-cigarette | E-cigarette | E-cigarette
E-cigarette, in full electronic cigarette, battery-operated device modeled after regular cigarettes. The e-cigarette was invented in 2003 by Chinese pharmacist Hon Lik, who initially developed the device to serve as an alternative to conventional smoking. In addition to the battery component, an e-cigarett... |
c36478d67c764b090da6e1aadf4e76cd | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ealing-Studios | Ealing Studios | Ealing Studios
Ealing Studios, also called Associated Talking Pictures, Ltd., English motion-picture studio, internationally remembered for a series of witty comedies that reflected the social conditions of post-World War II Britain. Founded in 1929 by two of England’s best known producers, Basil Dean and Reginald Bak... |
705cdef1675d4ba71f455dcc68052757 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/early-church | Early church | Early church
Christianity began as a movement within Judaism at a period when the Jews had long been dominated culturally and politically by foreign powers and had found in their religion (rather than in their politics or cultural achievements) the linchpin of…
The attitude of the first generations of Christians toward... |
96c5eb7fcdcf84c1fbcd53511423bf2c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Early-Hunting-period | Early Hunting period | Early Hunting period
…before developing technology for big-game hunting, are rejected by most scholars. More generally accepted claims for early settlers in Mexico pertain to a somewhat later period and to hunters of large herd animals such as the mammoth. Human artifacts and mammoth bones dated to approximately 9000 b... |
1fe553178e66dc54f6e751cc70e8f397 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Early-Vedic-period | Early Vedic period | Early Vedic period
In the Early Vedic period (beginning with the entrance of the Vedic religion into South Asia about 1500 bce), several kingdoms existed in the plains of Bihar. North of the Ganges was Videha, one of the kings of which was the father of Princess Sita, the wife…
In addition to the archaeological legacy ... |
4d67801f7eea47ce55a1ba775a52704e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Earnshaw-family | Earnshaw family | Earnshaw family
Earnshaw family, fictional family, the sponsors of the foundling Heathcliff in Emily Brontë’s novel Wuthering Heights (1847). The family consists of Mr. and Mrs. Earnshaw and their son, Hindley, and daughter, Catherine (Cathy). It is the frustrated love between Cathy and Heathcliff that propels the plo... |
e4f87eae8afc3b7be33dd6c3032bfd8f | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Earth-Council-Alliance | Earth Council Alliance | Earth Council Alliance
Earth Council Alliance (ECA), network of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and individuals dedicated to promoting sustainable development. The Earth Council Alliance specifically supports the sustainability goals articulated in three documents: the Earth Charter, an international declaration ... |
0ee7c447e0467923089cc1c9c75a49aa | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Earth-novel-by-Zola | Earth | Earth
…portrait of peasant life in La Terre in 1887 led a group of five so-called disciples to repudiate Zola in a manifesto published in the important newspaper Le Figaro. His novel La Débâcle (1892), which was openly critical of the French army and government actions during the Franco-German War (1870–71),…
In La Ter... |
71fca97a4c33dae81375a30d89c91cff | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Earth-Wind-and-Fire | Earth, Wind & Fire | Earth, Wind & Fire
Earth, Wind & Fire, American pop, soul, and jazz-fusion band that became one of the best-selling and most influential groups of the 1970s. The principal members were Maurice White (b. December 19, 1941, Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.—d. February 4, 2016, Los Angeles, California), Philip Bailey (b. May 8, ... |
7f389ca6b7e47703a256483364c0d79f | https://www.britannica.com/topic/East-African-Community | East African Community | East African Community
East African Community (EAC), organization that provides for cooperation, including the maintenance of a common market and the operation of common services, between the republics of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its headquarters are in Arusha, Tanzania.
The first EAC... |
65ef30d41bade2c03df5c81794f4a8c6 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/East-Coker-poem-by-Eliot | East Coker | East Coker
East Coker, poem by T.S. Eliot, originally appearing in 1940, first in the New English Weekly and then in pamphlet form. It is the second of the four poems in The Four Quartets. Like the other three poems, “East Coker” was written in strong-stress metre and organized into five sections. Continuing the study... |
ab8646629e89ed3a54b8223007f5ae11 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/East-Germanic-languages | East Germanic languages | East Germanic languages
East Germanic languages, group of long extinct Germanic languages once spoken by Germanic tribes located between the middle Oder and the Vistula.
According to historical tradition, at least some of the Germanic tribes migrated to the mouth of the Vistula from Scandinavia. Little is known of Gep... |
a97734617cbf54f807258cbad666d602 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/East-Greenland-orogen | East Greenland orogen | East Greenland orogen
East Greenland orogen, also called East Greenland Geosyncline, a linear orogenic (mountain) belt that developed from late Precambrian time to the middle of the Paleozoic Era (roughly 650 million to 350 million years ago) along a portion of the eastern coast of Greenland. Deformation occurred duri... |
d6cb12afaec183becd10da6824351e09 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/East-Tennessee-State-University | East Tennessee State University | East Tennessee State University
East Tennessee State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Johnson City, Tennessee, U.S. It is part of the State University and Community College System of Tennessee. The university includes the colleges of Arts and Sciences, Business, Education, Public and... |
18fbd865586efe0738a688539a002a5d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/East-Texas-Baptist-University | East Texas Baptist University | East Texas Baptist University
Marshall is the seat of East Texas Baptist University (1912) and Wiley College (1873). Caddo Lake State Park is a nearby refuge for water-sport and fishing enthusiasts. Starr Family State Historical Park preserves a 19th-century mansion built by an influential citizen of Marshall. Inc. tow... |
1365ed33922f1fb74af114d95e533c54 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/East-West-League | East-West League | East-West League
…another Black circuit, called the East-West League, was started for eastern teams by Cumberland W. Posey, veteran manager of the Homestead Grays, a ball club based in Pittsburgh. The new league barely made it off the ground. By early June its Detroit team had dropped out, the schedule was curtailed,…
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5ad2d0293c20e18baa3f33082b1f4f91 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Easter-1916 | Easter 1916 | Easter 1916
Easter 1916, poem by William Butler Yeats, published separately in 1916 and collected in Michael Robartes and the Dancer (1921). It commemorates the martyrs of the Easter Rising, an insurrection against the British government in Ireland in 1916, which resulted in the execution of several Irish nationalists... |
6d68482f5822c5f9d8a13d146c668ad4 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Easter-basket | Easter basket | Easter basket
…Easter rabbit also leaves children baskets with toys and candies on Easter morning. In a way, this was a manifestation of the Protestant rejection of Catholic Easter customs. In some European countries, however, other animals—in Switzerland the cuckoo, in Westphalia the fox—brought the Easter eggs.
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98478e2e33b2204110e639bc43210cf2 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Easter-egg | Easter egg | Easter egg
…use of painted and decorated Easter eggs was first recorded in the 13th century. The church prohibited the eating of eggs during Holy Week, but chickens continued to lay eggs during that week, and the notion of specially identifying those as “Holy Week” eggs brought about their decoration. The egg…
…as the ... |
b54f41037dc6a4c2db66f088bb364b17 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Easter-Island-by-Metraux | Easter Island | Easter Island
…and L’Île de Pâques (1935; Easter Island), he argued that Easter Island’s indigenous population is Polynesian, both culturally and physically, and that the island’s well-known monolithic sculptures are native creations rather than Asian or American Indian ones.
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3d55eb9fdb80eef8623e708687cca5ea | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eastern-Aleut-language | Eastern Aleut language | Eastern Aleut language
…in two mutually intelligible dialects: Eastern Aleut, spoken mostly by middle-aged and older people living in eight villages from the Alaska Peninsula westward through Umnak Island, Aleutian Islands, and in the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea, which were settled beginning in 1800; and Atkan A... |
77bf54e2713f798acb01fa0ce94c5e0b | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eastern-Orthodoxy | Eastern Orthodoxy | Eastern Orthodoxy
Eastern Orthodoxy, official name Orthodox Catholic Church, one of the three major doctrinal and jurisdictional groups of Christianity. It is characterized by its continuity with the apostolic church, its liturgy, and its territorial churches. Its adherents live mainly in the Balkans, the Middle East,... |
ab4a16d3e5b3355447d0bcd769c1182f | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eastern-Orthodoxy/Orthodoxy-under-the-Ottomans-1453-1821 | Orthodoxy under the Ottomans (1453–1821) | Orthodoxy under the Ottomans (1453–1821)
According to Muslim belief, Christians as well as Jews were “people of the Book”—i.e., their religion was seen as not entirely false but incomplete. Accordingly, provided that Christians submitted to the dominion of the caliphate and the Muslim political administration and paid ... |
067d96765f2edbfee5c8ebc7d0415a5e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eastern-Orthodoxy/The-Holy-Spirit | The Holy Spirit | The Holy Spirit
The gift of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost “called all men into unity,” according to the Byzantine liturgical hymn of the day. Into this new unity, which St. Paul called the “body of Christ,” each individual Christian enters through baptism and chrismation (the Eastern counterpart of the Western confirmat... |
a5411e87b8269e52ea7b85b1583a146c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eastern-Orthodoxy/The-sacraments | The sacraments | The sacraments
Contemporary Orthodox catechisms and textbooks all affirm that the church recognizes seven mystēria (“sacraments”): baptism, chrismation, Communion, holy orders, penance, anointing of the sick, and marriage. Neither the liturgical book called Euchologion (“Prayer Book”), which contains the texts of the s... |
3ce58d0a38f76b353853acc05924e896 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eastern-Orthodoxy/Worship-and-sacraments | Worship and sacraments | Worship and sacraments
By its theological richness, spiritual significance, and variety, the worship of the Orthodox church represents one of the most significant factors in the church’s continuity and identity. It helps to account for the survival of Christianity during the many centuries of Muslim rule in the Middle ... |
84bcc8c6ed908dd973b9d63cd2ab0ac6 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eastman-Kodak-Company | Eastman Kodak Company | Eastman Kodak Company
Eastman Kodak Company, byname Kodak, American manufacturer of film and photographic supplies and provider of digital imaging services and products. Headquarters are in Rochester, New York.
The company was incorporated in 1901 as the successor to a business established in Rochester in 1880 by Geor... |
02094ed7f41e6a1f7ef74d5d9ef23d6d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Easy-A | Easy A | Easy A
…role, in the teen comedy Easy A (2010), as a high school girl who pretends to have slept with a gay friend and various other social outcasts in order to give them a patina of coolness. The movie proved to be her breakthrough.
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50c7c1839f9eb834f1cef14065ca3298 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Easy-Goer | Easy Goer | Easy Goer
…Derby favourite in 1989 was Easy Goer at 4–5 odds; Sunday Silence went off at 3–1 odds. Fifteen horses started the race. There was plenty of bumping, and Sunday Silence ducked sharply when his jockey, Pat Valenzuela, applied the whip to him down the stretch. Easy Goer, for his part,…
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fa5def08787dedcb2d1dd31b4358c80e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Easy-Money-1983-film | Easy Money | Easy Money
…with comedian Rodney Dangerfield in Easy Money (1983), and played a mobster in Sergio Leone’s Once Upon a Time in America (1984). Pesci achieved broad popularity with his turn as a comically pestiferous government witness in Lethal Weapon 2 (1989). His portrayal of the violent-tempered Tommy DeVito in Scors... |
1fefb000a679b4e022cb16b9c0665b5f | https://www.britannica.com/topic/eBay | EBay | EBay
EBay, global online auction and trading company launched by American entrepreneur Pierre Omidyar in 1995. eBay was one of the first companies to create and market an Internet Web site to match buyers and sellers of goods and services. The company, which caters to individual sellers and small businesses, is a mark... |
dc5a18d18d667afbe88742f4d456136c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ebionites | Ebionite | Ebionite
Ebionite, member of an early ascetic sect of Jewish Christians. The Ebionites were one of several such sects that originated in and around Palestine in the first centuries ad and included the Nazarenes and Elkasites. The name of the sect is from the Hebrew ebyonim, or ebionim (“the poor”); it was not founded,... |
3d5d8dc125ed8f4cc339274cdc9a8032 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ebola-outbreak-of-2014/Ongoing-challenges | Ongoing challenges | Ongoing challenges
The 2014–16 outbreak marked the first appearance of EBOV in western Africa (prior outbreaks involving the species had been in central Africa). Its newness to the region may have precluded the immediate identification of Ebola and use of precautionary measures by local physicians. Furthermore, most ea... |
2594be5d1d8ddc20615b030139b699a0 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ebola-outbreak-of-2014/The-final-stages | The final stages | The final stages
In October 2014 WHO declared Senegal and Nigeria to be free of Ebola, marking the end of the outbreak in those countries. Senegal had experienced only a single case, while 20—8 of which ended in death—had been reported in Nigeria. A small number of cases were also reported in Mali in October and Novemb... |
d1db5a3366184eed935898b610e8abd1 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ebonics | Ebonics | Ebonics
Ebonics, also called African American Vernacular English (AAVE), formerly Black English Vernacular (BEV), dialect of American English spoken by a large proportion of African Americans. Many scholars hold that Ebonics, like several English creoles, developed from contacts between nonstandard varieties of coloni... |
5bc9f87e7897990f674be663b0c49bdc | https://www.britannica.com/topic/ebony-wood | Ebony | Ebony
Ebony, wood of several species of trees of the genus Diospyros (family Ebenaceae), widely distributed in the tropics. The best is very heavy, almost black, and derived from heartwood only. Because of its colour, durability, hardness, and ability to take a high polish, ebony is used for cabinetwork and inlaying, ... |
b0841e14a2f914c9806e4df316856e91 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/EBX-Group | EBX Group | EBX Group
…under the rubric of his EBX Group. Like EBX, each of those corporations had an X in its name, which for Batista symbolized the multiplication of wealth. And indeed, Batista’s net worth grew exponentially after 2007—the year he founded OGX, his oil and gas company. He wasted no time in…
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fcee4cf66673aeffa3c88676b3153375 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ecce-Homo-by-Nietzsche | Ecce Homo | Ecce Homo
…Antichrist), Nietzsche contra Wagner, and Ecce Homo, a reflection on his own works and significance. Twilight of the Idols appeared in 1889; The Antichrist and Nietzsche contra Wagner were not published until 1895, the former mistakenly as book one of The Will to Power; and Ecce Homo was withheld from…
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58f59714c3d30a270e0689b289be363b | https://www.britannica.com/topic/ecclesiastical-court | Ecclesiastical court | Ecclesiastical court
Ecclesiastical court, tribunal set up by religious authorities to deal with disputes among clerics or with spiritual matters involving either clerics or laymen. Although such courts are found today among the Jews (see bet din) and among the Muslims (Sharīʿah) as well as the various Christian sects... |
055264d08a6038fe75518f19396c71b0 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ecclesiastical-History-of-the-English-People | Ecclesiastical History of the English People | Ecclesiastical History of the English People
…the Venerable Bede in the Ecclesiastical History of the English People, their Continental homeland was centred in Angulus, traditionally identified as the Angeln district in Schleswig between the Schlei inlet and the Flensburger Förde, which they appear to have abandoned at... |
80db94f45ff37f0ed181141147d8cf7c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eclairs-Les | Les Eclairs | Les Eclairs
…Corps (1969; “The Body”) and Les Eclairs (1971; “The Flashes”) Rolin investigates the time-space coordinates of self, body, and writing. Inspired by Franz Kafka, Lettre au vieil homme (1973; “Letter to the Old Man”) focuses on the father figure, a process repeated in Dulle Griet (1977), in which the father... |
a1f6c5cfb3bf94323a1d2fed13e2a627 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/eclecticism | Eclecticism | Eclecticism
Eclecticism, (from Greek eklektikos, “selective”), in philosophy and theology, the practice of selecting doctrines from different systems of thought without adopting the whole parent system for each doctrine. It is distinct from syncretism—the attempt to reconcile or combine systems—inasmuch as it leaves ... |
d36c27a300e2aa44e07cbc0dbad0bc48 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eco-Everest-Expedition | Eco Everest Expedition | Eco Everest Expedition
Apa joined the first Eco Everest Expedition in 2008 and participated in subsequent years. Each of these trips, in addition to a summit climb, focused on publicizing ecological and climate-change issues affecting Everest—notably, the accelerated melting of the giant Khumbu Icefall near the mountai... |
12880d77a84cfc86d996acbe9db79d1a | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ecole-Normale-Israelite-Orientale | École Normale Israelite Orientale | École Normale Israelite Orientale
…taught in Paris at the École Normale Israelite Orientale (ENIO), a school for Jewish students, and the Alliance Israelite Universelle, which tried to build bridges between French and Jewish intellectual traditions. Serving as an officer in the French army at the outbreak of World War ... |
c65c67274a6ebc14d8ba690132df1b25 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/economic-history | Economic history | Economic history
History and economics were once closely related. Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, and Karl Marx were all political economists who incorporated historical data into their analyses. A historical school of economics developed in Germany in the late 19th century and was associated with figures such…
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3cf0f849b6cde410ce4dade50b127c5a | https://www.britannica.com/topic/economic-model | Economic model | Economic model
…has developed involving abstract mathematical models. Because this field of analysis is so technical, only a general picture of the kinds of problems and questions discussed can be given. First, a set of equations is drawn up describing what the model builder feels are the important relations between ec... |
7974332fe15d9aa770e8605ef53add2c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/economic-planning | Economic planning | Economic planning
Economic planning, the process by which key economic decisions are made or influenced by central governments. It contrasts with the laissez-faire approach that, in its purest form, eschews any attempt to guide the economy, relying instead on market forces to determine the speed, direction, and nature... |
4b3678d622997816dbe182b1bef3e624 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/economic-rationality | Economic rationality | Economic rationality
Economic rationality, conceptions of rationality used in economic theory. Although there is no single notion of rationality appealed to by all economic theories, there is a core conception that forms the basis of much economic theorizing. That view, termed the neoclassical conception of economic r... |
aba4947eddc5f38d14516d81ca30329d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/economic-stabilizer | Economic stabilizer | Economic stabilizer
Economic stabilizer, any of the institutions and practices in an economy that serve to reduce fluctuations in the business cycle through offsetting effects on the amounts of income available for spending (disposable income). The most important automatic stabilizers include unemployment compensation... |
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