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eacfee9913baa8b7c84700d79add1222 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Cunaxa | Battle of Cunaxa | Battle of Cunaxa
Battle of Cunaxa, (401 bc), battle fought between Cyrus the Younger, satrap of Anatolia, and his brother Artaxerxes II over the Achaemenian throne. Attempting to overthrow Artaxerxes, Cyrus massed his forces and marched inland from Sardis against his brother. The two armies met unexpectedly at Cunaxa,... |
cd3486ac3a3d4200409712a6b66df3f3 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Dessau-1626 | Battle of Dessau | Battle of Dessau
Battle of Dessau, (25 April 1626). Following the catastrophic defeat it suffered at Stadtlohn, the German Protestant cause in the Thirty Years’ War seemed lost. There was new hope when Christian IV of Denmark entered the war in 1625, but the next year a Protestant army was bested at Dessau by imperial... |
778c18d87edd67a04e2678838a0a5e1e | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Dragasani | Battle of Drăgăşani | Battle of Drăgăşani
Battle of Drăgăşani, (June 19, 1821), military engagement in which the Ottoman Turks defeated the forces of the Greek revolutionary society Philikí Etaireía and ended the first insurrection of the Greek War of Independence. Intending to overthrow Ottoman rule in the Balkans and to establish an inde... |
ba4b181c6f747e9b8b41fa6d6cd6b358 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Dresden | Battle of Dresden | Battle of Dresden
Battle of Dresden, (Aug. 26–27, 1813), Napoleon’s last major victory in Germany. It was fought on the outskirts of the Saxon capital of Dresden, between Napoleon’s 120,000 troops and 170,000 Austrians, Prussians, and Russians under Prince Karl Philipp Schwarzenberg.
The allies had hoped to capture Dr... |
c1555aebdf86dfbc6ba74da14623680a | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Eutaw-Springs | Battle of Eutaw Springs | Battle of Eutaw Springs
Battle of Eutaw Springs, (September 8, 1781), American Revolution engagement fought near Charleston, South Carolina, between British troops under Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Stewart and American forces commanded by General Nathanael Greene. Greene wished to prevent Stewart from joining General... |
e7a5782ea082d287d7e2fbd9fdfe9bf9 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Fallen-Timbers | Battle of Fallen Timbers | Battle of Fallen Timbers
Battle of Fallen Timbers, (August 20, 1794), military engagement between the United States and the Northwest Indian Confederation on the Maumee River near what is now Toledo, Ohio. After two devastating U.S. losses at the hands of the Northwest Indian Confederation, Maj. Gen. Anthony Wayne too... |
2e102bbe052fefbf5af041c8ad77f994 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Flodden | Battle of Flodden | Battle of Flodden
Battle of Flodden, (Sept. 9, 1513), English victory over the Scots, fought near Branxton, Northumberland. Ever anxious to protect themselves against their old enemy, the English, the Scots formed an alliance with France in 1295. The Auld Alliance, as it was known, proved to have disastrous consequen... |
f3bfd7d24ccbdb0c8ef62ac99e7430ac | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Fort-Donelson | Battle of Fort Donelson | Battle of Fort Donelson
Battle of Fort Donelson, American Civil War battle (February 1862) that collapsed Southern defenses in the Mid-South and forced the evacuations of Columbus, Kentucky, and Nashville, Tennessee, as well as a general Confederate retreat in Kentucky.
Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland River, and Fort... |
bd076e2432197f30de3c279e66b24342 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Gaugamela | Battle of Gaugamela | Battle of Gaugamela
Battle of Gaugamela, also called Battle of Arbela, (Oct. 1, 331 bc) battle in which Alexander the Great completed his conquest of Darius III’s Persian Empire. It was an extraordinary victory achieved against a numerically superior army on ground chosen by the Persians. As at Issus, the aggression o... |
ea6c9dcc92315bd42922671df331a35e | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Grand-Port | Battle of Grand Port | Battle of Grand Port
Battle of Grand Port, (22–27 August 1810), naval battle between France and Britain, the latter’s worst defeat at sea during the Napoleonic Wars. The Isle de France (Mauritius) was one of the last French overseas possessions to be captured by Britain. The Indian Ocean island was used as a base for ... |
06c8d215b25cd94e4ac2de77d64fb3d3 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Grunwald-1410 | Battle of Grunwald | Battle of Grunwald
Battle of Grunwald, (First Tannenberg), (July 15, 1410), battle fought at Tannenberg (Polish: Stębark) in northeastern Poland (formerly East Prussia) that was a major Polish-Lithuanian victory over the Knights of the Teutonic Order. The battle marked the end of the order’s expansion along the southe... |
eb6c40d1e867cb618eaa576adf8880d7 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Guadalcanal | Battle of Guadalcanal | Battle of Guadalcanal
Battle of Guadalcanal, (August 1942–February 1943), series of World War II land and sea clashes between Allied and Japanese forces on and around Guadalcanal, one of the southern Solomon Islands, in the South Pacific. Along with the naval Battle of Midway (June 3–6, 1942), the fighting on Guadalca... |
25202e0b6dc8908b7b532be938ca27d5 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Guilford-Courthouse-1781 | Battle of Guilford Courthouse | Battle of Guilford Courthouse
Battle of Guilford Courthouse, (March 15, 1781), in the American Revolution, a battlefield loss but strategic victory for the Americans in North Carolina over the British, who soon afterward were obliged to abandon control of the Carolinas.
After the Battle of Cowpens (January 17, 1781), ... |
65769a491467c9b2f4851d451ce0ccef | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Ilipa | Battle of Ilipa | Battle of Ilipa
Battle of Ilipa, (206 bce), victory of the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio (later called Scipio Africanus) over Carthaginian forces in Spain during the Second Punic War. The battle signaled the end of Carthaginian power in Spain and marked a turning point in the war against the Carthaginian gene... |
3c622121f13a6845f1896c74510f977d | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Jaffa | Battle of Jaffa | Battle of Jaffa
Battle of Jaffa, (5 August 1192). The final battle of the Third Crusade led directly to a peace deal between England’s King Richard the Lionheart and Muslim leader Saladin that restricted the Christian presence in the Holy Land to a thin coastal strip, but ensured its survival for another century.
Aft... |
a731237264122a43c8e651020eacca49 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Karbala | Battle of Karbala | Battle of Karbala
Battle of Karbala, (October 10, 680 [10th of Muḥarram, ah 61]), brief military engagement in which a small party led by al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad and son of ʿAlī, the fourth caliph, was defeated and massacred by an army sent by the Umayyad caliph Yazīd I. The battle helped ... |
3ef033afcfddbabe7840198c8d139ada | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Kosovo-Balkans-1448 | Battle of Kosovo | Battle of Kosovo
Battle of Kosovo, Kosovo also spelled Kossovo, (October 17–20, 1448), battle between forces of the Ottoman Empire and a Hungarian-Walachian coalition led by the Hungarian commander János Hunyadi at Kosovo, Serbia. The Ottomans won a decisive victory and thereby halted the last major effort by Christia... |
9a22b411300aeebe2790d1e50b9ac555 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Lake-Erie | Battle of Lake Erie | Battle of Lake Erie
Battle of Lake Erie, (Sept. 10, 1813), major U.S. naval victory in the War of 1812, ensuring U.S. control over Lake Erie and precluding any territorial cession in the Northwest to Great Britain in the peace settlement. On Sept. 10, 1813, Master Commandant Oliver Hazard Perry’s fleet of nine ships e... |
854c5853e149135cefe22721d42b8267 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Lake-Okeechobee | Battle of Lake Okeechobee | Battle of Lake Okeechobee
Battle of Lake Okeechobee, (25–28 December 1837). Conflict in the Florida territory between U.S. settlers and Seminole Indians erupted into major violence in December 1835. Seminole warriors murdered a senior Indian agent and a U.S. army officer, then massacred a column of soldiers, igniting... |
6dc49696eecf16eaa611265b17711f5e | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Long-Island | Battle of Long Island | Battle of Long Island
Battle of Long Island, also known as the Battle of Brooklyn or the Battle of Brooklyn Heights, (August 27–29, 1776), in the American Revolution, successful British action in Brooklyn, New York, against the American Continental Army and the first major battle of the war since the American declarat... |
7b9c61f410e42256636a8167658ba899 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Magdeburg | Battle of Magdeburg | Battle of Magdeburg
Battle of Magdeburg, (November 1630–20 May 1631). After defeat at Dessau and Denmark’s withdrawal, the Protestants had received a boost when Sweden invaded Germany in 1630, but they could not prevent the imperial army’s sack of Magdeburg, the most infamous episode of the Thirty Years’ War.
Magdebur... |
133e8d752d5ad2d18ebf1054ef8ea55e | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Manila-Bay-1899 | Battle of Manila Bay | Battle of Manila Bay
Battle of Manila Bay, (May 1, 1898), defeat of the Spanish Pacific fleet by the U.S. Navy, resulting in the fall of the Philippines and contributing to the final U.S. victory in the Spanish-American War. The resounding American victory made Commodore George Dewey a national hero and helped establi... |
d5b0ae22896c89dc34e74098b2b865f7 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Marathon | Battle of Marathon | Battle of Marathon
Battle of Marathon, (September 490 bce), in the Greco-Persian Wars, decisive battle fought on the Marathon plain of northeastern Attica in which the Athenians, in a single afternoon, repulsed the first Persian invasion of Greece. Command of the hastily assembled Athenian army was vested in 10 genera... |
1067c4ba7bdcf39ce5f16add16cb9ce1 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Marignano | Battle of Marignano | Battle of Marignano
Battle of Marignano, (Sept. 13–14, 1515), French victory over a Swiss army in the first Italian campaign of Francis I of France. Fought near the village of Marignano (modern Melegnano), 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Milan, the battle resulted in the French recovery of Milan and in the conclusion of... |
d6c2e9778e03f919413d8f3a9e389e6c | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Marston-Moor | Battle of Marston Moor | Battle of Marston Moor
Battle of Marston Moor, (July 2, 1644), the first major Royalist defeat in the English Civil Wars. Two years after the outbreak of civil war in England, King Charles I was on the defensive in the north. A Royalist army was besieged in York by a Parliamentary army now supported by Scottish allie... |
fef198c0383cdd64214d2426612238f4 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Morat | Battle of Morat | Battle of Morat
Battle of Morat, (June 22, 1476), battle in Switzerland that constituted a major victory for the Swiss Confederation in its war of 1474–76 against Burgundy. The battle took place just outside the town of Morat (or Murten), which is located beside the lake of the same name and lies west of Bern and east... |
8fa824a0a98c878b1960afeb05a52503 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Morhange-Sarrebourg | Battle of Morhange-Sarrebourg | Battle of Morhange-Sarrebourg
…and 7th armies in the Battle of Morhange-Sarrebourg (August 20–22). Yet this abortive French offensive had an indirect effect on the German plan. For when the French attack in Lorraine developed, Moltke was tempted momentarily to postpone the right-wing sweep and instead to seek a victory... |
19e39f63216e7dbdc099de2afbf6936c | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Muret | Battle of Muret | Battle of Muret
Battle of Muret, (September 12, 1213), military engagement of the Albigensian Crusade. It played a significant role in ending Aragonese interests in territories north of the Pyrenees and in bringing the province of Languedoc under the influence of the French crown.
French Crusaders led by Simon de Mont... |
e73f3990a8d95518191526cfb8b250f4 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Myriocephalon | Battle of Myriocephalon | Battle of Myriocephalon
Battle of Myriocephalon, (September 1176), victory of the Seljuq Turks under Qïlïch Arslan II over the Byzantine army of Manuel I Comnenus in a mountain pass near the ruined fortress of Myriocephalon (southeast of modern Ankara, Tur.) in Phrygia. The battle ended Byzantium’s last hope of expell... |
0d294f33c8b192fe6673cb2e0ddda4b4 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Nahavand | Battle of Nahāvand | Battle of Nahāvand
Battle of Nahāvand, Nahāvand also spelled Nahāwand or Nehavend, (ad 642), military clash in Iran between Arab and Sāsānian forces that was a major turning point in Iranian history. The battle ended in disastrous defeat for the Sāsānian armies and paved the way for the Arab conquest, which resulted i... |
2fd12b9b342abdaadea3ef1177d0349d | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Nashville | Battle of Nashville | Battle of Nashville
Battle of Nashville, (December 15–16, 1864), American Civil War engagement in which Confederate Lieut. Gen. John B. Hood attempted to retake Nashville, Tennessee, from an occupying Federal army, despite having a significant numerical disadvantage. The decisive Union victory shattered Hood’s army an... |
f46127029d91ea80e3e9db9fef29e271 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Newburn | Battle of Newburn | Battle of Newburn
Battle of Newburn, (Aug. 28, 1640), decisive military encounter in the Bishops’ War, in which an army of Scottish invaders defeated the English forces of Charles I and captured Newcastle, forcing the king to convene parliament and sacrifice unpopular policies and ministers.
After the first Bishops’ W... |
417485ef0e2dc35f111a57974cc13b9f | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Poland | Battle of Poland | Battle of Poland
Against northern Poland, General Fedor von Bock commanded an army group comprising General Georg von Küchler’s 3rd Army, which struck southward from East Prussia, and General Günther von Kluge’s 4th Army, which struck eastward across the base of the Corridor. Much stronger in troops and in tanks,…
…1, ... |
5975d2ca3c9eae04df5ecb7cf83446d6 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Portland-1653 | Battle of Portland | Battle of Portland
Battle of Portland, (28 February–2 March 1653). In the First Anglo-Dutch War, Maarten Tromp was reinstalled as commander of the Dutch fleet after the Battle of Kentish Knock. Tromp’s heroic demonstration of fighting skill at the three-day Battle of Portland could not disguise the inferiority of his... |
bbf2826c863a4ac6e7545dd71e2982b9 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Salamis | Battle of Salamis | Battle of Salamis
Battle of Salamis, (480 bc), battle in the Greco-Persian Wars in which a Greek fleet defeated much larger Persian naval forces in the straits at Salamis, between the island of Salamis and the Athenian port-city of Piraeus. By 480 the Persian king Xerxes and his army had overrun much of Greece, and hi... |
9209f7222dca360910d1c40d1b588af9 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-San-Juan-Hill | Battle of San Juan Hill | Battle of San Juan Hill
Battle of San Juan Hill, (1 July 1898), also known as the Battle of San Juan Heights, the most significant U.S. land victory, and one of the final battles, of the Spanish-American War. After the Battle of Las Guasimas in Cuba, Major General William Shafter planned to take Santiago de Cuba, the... |
0ecc8959351021eaa9a6a879116b01ac | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Santo-Domingo-1806 | Battle of Santo Domingo | Battle of Santo Domingo
Battle of Santo Domingo, (6 February 1806), British naval victory during the Napoleonic Wars. Although unwilling after the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) to face Britain in a full-scale fleet battle, the French navy was still able to attempt raids on British commerce and against distant colonies, ... |
faa5031956ef3fbad07b947a46673093 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Shiloh | Battle of Shiloh | Battle of Shiloh
Battle of Shiloh, also called Battle of Pittsburg Landing, (April 6–7, 1862), second great engagement of the American Civil War, fought in southwestern Tennessee, resulting in a victory for the North and in large casualties for both sides. In February, Union General Ulysses S. Grant had taken Fort Hen... |
09b55dbcfba48e5d2dc2718a79099121 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Smolensk | Battle of Smolensk | Battle of Smolensk
Battle of Smolensk, (16–18 August 1812), engagement of the Napoleonic Wars. When Napoleon invaded Russia in June 1812, he led a multinational army of more than half a million soldiers. He needed a rapid and decisive victory, but although victorious at Smolensk, some 230 miles (370 km) west of Mosco... |
b432c33b11a16298fece7616db4cef64 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Solferino | Battle of Solferino | Battle of Solferino
Battle of Solferino, (June 24, 1859), last engagement of the second War of Italian Independence. It was fought in Lombardy between an Austrian army and a Franco-Piedmontese army and resulted in the annexation of most of Lombardy by Sardinia-Piedmont, thus contributing to the unification of Italy.
A... |
59da15bf658d5e8acc40a45270c5c22d | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Spotsylvania-Court-House | Battle of Spotsylvania Court House | Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, (8–21 May 1864), Union failure to smash or outflank Confederate forces defending Richmond, Virginia, during the American Civil War (1861–65). A lull might have been expected after the Battle of the Wilderness (5–7 May), with both Union and Confede... |
14fd3eee75c97b9ac62af8876d9f7228 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Taraori-Second-1192 | Battle of Taraori | Battle of Taraori
…defeat in 1192 in the second battle of Taraori (Tarain) at the hands of the Muslim leader Muʿizz al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Sām (Muḥammad Ghūrī) marked a watershed in medieval history of India.
|
001e7d7defa25f4f9ad533b2b98807ae | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Texel | Battle of Texel | Battle of Texel
Battle of Texel, (21 August 1673). The last engagement of the Anglo-Dutch Wars, Texel demonstrated the indomitable fighting spirit of the Dutch navy led by Michiel de Ruyter, and the fiery temperament of seventeenth-century admirals, two of whom fought a personal duel.
After his attack on the allied E... |
c5206950c2427312f4630ad63e73c6bc | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Atlantic | Battle of the Atlantic | Battle of the Atlantic
Battle of the Atlantic, in World War II, a contest between the Western Allies and the Axis powers (particularly Germany) for the control of Atlantic sea routes. For the Allied powers, the battle had three objectives: blockade of the Axis powers in Europe, security of Allied sea movements, and fr... |
9176c5039da7a02ea3d2994d6e814398 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Boyne | Battle of the Boyne | Battle of the Boyne
Battle of the Boyne, (July 1, 1690), in British history, a major conflict fought along the Boyne River in Ireland between King William III (William of Orange) and the exiled king James II. Having been deposed and exiled after William’s landing at Brixham and subsequent English desertions, James II ... |
d76eeac0b82746fa0080dab99b2cec1b | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Brandywine | Battle of Brandywine | Battle of Brandywine
Battle of Brandywine, (September 11, 1777), in the American Revolution, engagement near Philadelphia in which the British defeated the Americans but left the Revolutionary army intact. The British general Sir William Howe was lured to Philadelphia in the belief that its large Tory element would ri... |
e79d6135278fac5ddc20cd05729db68f | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Chosin-Reservoir | Battle of the Chosin Reservoir | Battle of the Chosin Reservoir
Battle of the Chosin Reservoir, Chosin also called Changjin, campaign early in the Korean War, part of the Chinese Second Offensive (November–December 1950) to drive the United Nations out of North Korea. The Chosin Reservoir campaign was directed mainly against the 1st Marine Division o... |
d64f25d47184f0c8d24f1a831bab1536 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Coral-Sea | Battle of the Coral Sea | Battle of the Coral Sea
Battle of the Coral Sea, (May 4–8, 1942) World War II naval and air engagement in which a U.S. fleet turned back a Japanese invasion force that had been heading for strategic Port Moresby in New Guinea.
By the end of April 1942 the Japanese were ready to seize control of the Coral Sea (between ... |
aad657d147f30d03d9f7a64aaf0c7859 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Golden-Spurs | Battle of the Golden Spurs | Battle of the Golden Spurs
Battle of the Golden Spurs, also called Battle Of Courtrai, or Battle Of Kortrijk, (July 11, 1302), military engagement on the outskirts of Kortrijk in Flanders (now in Belgium) in which an untrained Flemish infantry militia, consisting mainly of members of the craft guilds (notably that of ... |
0a0fac0b72268f530e8581df46eb0174 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Monitor-and-Merrimack | Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack | Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack
Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack, also called Battle of Hampton Roads, (March 9, 1862), in the American Civil War, naval engagement at Hampton Roads, Virginia, a harbour at the mouth of the James River, notable as history’s first duel between ironclad warships and the beginning o... |
a5c3a589567336a6f1e3ef73338a8b01 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Nile | Battle of the Nile | Battle of the Nile
Battle of the Nile, also called Battle of Aboukir Bay, Aboukir also spelled Abukir, battle that was one of the greatest victories of the British admiral Horatio Nelson. It was fought on August 1, 1798, between the British and French fleets in Abū Qīr Bay, near Alexandria, Egypt.
The French Revolutio... |
8b019a4dcadf257669b5b865fb573467 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Pyramids-Egyptian-history | Battle of the Pyramids | Battle of the Pyramids
Battle of the Pyramids, also called Battle of Embabeh, (July 21, 1798), military engagement in which Napoleon Bonaparte and his French troops captured Cairo. His victory was attributed to the implementation of his one significant tactical innovation, the massive divisional square.
Bonaparte, th... |
94fd491e3bafa68356588589133d2b6b | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Saintes | Battle of the Saintes | Battle of the Saintes
Battle of the Saintes, (April 9–12, 1782), in the American Revolution, major naval victory for Britain in the West Indies that restored British naval mastery in the area and ended the French threat to nearby British possessions. After the Siege of Yorktown (September 29–October 19, 1781), the ind... |
3c3a1e955c4b9036aa95c85c8544a1bd | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Thames | Battle of the Thames | Battle of the Thames
Battle of the Thames, also called Battle of Moraviantown, (Oct. 5, 1813), in the War of 1812, decisive U.S. victory over British and Indian forces in Ontario, Canada, enabling the United States to consolidate its control over the Northwest.
After the U.S. naval triumph in the Battle of Lake Erie i... |
86081b0b957dfa7b930c6eda02a05aa9 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Yalu-River-1894 | Battle of the Yalu River | Battle of the Yalu River
Battle of the Yalu River, also called the Battle of the Yellow Sea, (17 September 1894), large naval engagement and decisive Japanese victory in the Korea Bay, part of the first Sino-Japanese War. In the second half of the nineteenth century, Japan and China put major resources into creating ... |
bfc6b63571a32dc49437f99a08c5779b | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Tora-Bora | Battle of Tora Bora | Battle of Tora Bora
Battle of Tora Bora, (December 3–17, 2001), a U.S.-led coalition attack on the cave complex of the White Mountains at Tora Bora, Afghanistan, on the country’s eastern border with Pakistan. One of the most important military engagements of the first phase of the Afghanistan War, it was believed that... |
5dc59a4a9ff4984eda45c88aa0d5f5d5 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Towton | Battle of Towton | Battle of Towton
Battle of Towton, (March 29, 1461), battle fought on Palm Sunday near the village of Towton, about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of York, now in North Yorkshire, England. The largest and bloodiest battle of the Wars of the Roses, it secured the English throne for Edward IV against his Lancastrian opponen... |
08c112bba9cbfafcc02d724cbfb34794 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Tsushima | Battle of Tsushima | Battle of Tsushima
Battle of Tsushima, (May 27–29, 1905), naval engagement of the Russo-Japanese War, the final, crushing defeat of the Russian navy in that conflict.
The Japanese had been unable to secure the complete command of the sea because the Russian naval squadrons at Port Arthur and Vladivostok made sorties a... |
252da3ba27cb6241b84a261905c526ef | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Ulm | Battle of Ulm | Battle of Ulm
Battle of Ulm, (Sept. 25–Oct. 20, 1805), major strategic triumph of Napoleon, conducted by his Grand Army of about 210,000 men against an Austrian Army of about 72,000 under the command of Baron Karl Mack von Leiberich.
Austria had joined the Anglo-Russian alliance (Third Coalition) against Napoleon in A... |
9dd9be40aa2207b142ce1091ab08a267 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Verdun/The-second-phase-of-the-battle | The second phase of the battle | The second phase of the battle
The Germans had failed to gain an immediate decision at Verdun, and they soon realized that the British army was preparing an attack on the Somme. For the next four months, they kept the Battle of Verdun going with furious tenacity in order to disorganize the attack being prepared by the ... |
52cd727dfe9afa7e3c19d45ddb59d0ee | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Wandiwash | Battle of Wandiwash | Battle of Wandiwash
Battle of Wandiwash, (Jan. 22, 1760), in the history of India, a confrontation between the French, under the comte de Lally, and the British, under Sir Eyre Coote. It was the decisive battle in the Anglo-French struggle in southern India during the Seven Years’ War (1756–63).
Lally, cut off from se... |
ec4c7605434799ed5baeccacbb09856b | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-White-Plains | Battle of White Plains | Battle of White Plains
Battle of White Plains, (Oct. 28, 1776), in the U.S. War of Independence, indecisive action forcing American withdrawal, part of the British campaign of 1776 to defeat American Gen. George Washington’s main army or isolate the New England colonies by gaining military control of New York. From hi... |
28becb7b89cc4bcd6168f459eea2fa0d | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Wilsons-Creek | Battle of Wilson's Creek | Battle of Wilson's Creek
Battle of Wilson’s Creek, (Aug. 10, 1861), in the American Civil War, successful Southern engagement fought between 5,400 Union troops under General Nathaniel Lyon and a combined force of more than 10,000 Confederate troops and Missouri Militia commanded by General Benjamin McCulloch and Gener... |
48bac76fd26d157a962112f8983a33b1 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Zenta | Battle of Zenta | Battle of Zenta
Battle of Zenta, (September 11, 1697), decisive military victory of Austrian forces over an Ottoman army at Zenta (now Senta, Serbia) on the Tisa River during a war (1683–99) between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League (Austria–Poland–Venice–Russia), a victory that made Austria the foremost power in... |
36961668557c1e9bb81f399fc707ad98 | https://www.britannica.com/event/battles-of-El-Alamein | Battles of El-Alamein | Battles of El-Alamein
Battles of El-Alamein, (1–27 July 1942, 23 October—11 November 1942), World War II events. After the First Battle of El-Alamein, Egypt (150 miles west of Cairo), ended in a stalemate, the second one was decisive. It marked the beginning of the end for the Axis in North Africa. The charismatic Fie... |
4bdf5311eb5fe5da5430b6252e1295d3 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Beilan-v-Board-of-Public-Education | Beilan v. Board of Public Education | Beilan v. Board of Public Education
Beilan v. Board of Public Education, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on June 30, 1958, ruled (5–4) that a teacher’s dismissal for incompetence as a result of a failure to respond to a superintendent’s questions concerning his fitness as an educator—the inquiry regarded his loya... |
006f7c6c03c85a7008466e7c1b03075a | https://www.britannica.com/event/Bhuj-earthquake-of-2001 | Bhuj earthquake of 2001 | Bhuj earthquake of 2001
Bhuj earthquake of 2001, massive earthquake that occurred on Jan. 26, 2001, in the Indian state of Gujarat, on the Pakistani border.
The earthquake struck near the town of Bhuj on the morning of India’s annual Republic Day (celebrating the creation of the Republic of India in 1950), and it was ... |
7f8afb6ab4c46a3ffccdd3d9f280b4c5 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Bishops-Wars | Bishops' Wars | Bishops' Wars
Bishops’ Wars, (1639, 1640), in British history, two brief campaigns that were fought between Charles I and the Scots. The wars were the result of Charles’s endeavour to enforce Anglican observances in the Scottish Church and of the determination of the Scots to abolish episcopacy. A riot in Edinburgh in... |
3e9f5a936d6242ecf0397e5d7e90880e | https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-War | Black War | Black War
Black War, (1804–30), term applied to hostilities between Tasmanian Aboriginal people and British soldiers and settlers on the Australian island of Tasmania (then called Van Diemen’s Land), which nearly resulted in the extermination of the Indigenous inhabitants of the island. Armed conflict began in May 180... |
834e5a1c6419e359e6b821d039a1cbcd | https://www.britannica.com/event/Board-of-Education-of-Independent-School-District-No-92-of-Pottawatomie-County-v-Earls | Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls | Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls
Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on June 27, 2002, ruled (5–4) that suspicionless drug testing of students participating in competitive ... |
699b9b4393a5d158bc81b931ab13ad46 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Bonhams-Case | Bonham's Case | Bonham's Case
Bonham’s Case, (1610), legal case decided by Sir Edward Coke, chief justice of England’s Court of Common Pleas, in which he asserted the supremacy of the common law in England, noting that the prerogatives of Parliament were derived from and circumscribed by precedent. He declared that “when an act of pa... |
e074d600785bd551f9f51ba744052489 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Bosnian-crisis-of-1908 | Bosnian crisis of 1908 | Bosnian crisis of 1908
Bosnian crisis of 1908, state of severe international tension caused by the annexation by Austria-Hungary of the Balkan provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Congress of Berlin (1878) had given Austria-Hungary the right to occupy and administer Bosnia and Herzegovina temporarily, but the prov... |
74ff8f6f180605d0c6834241e6ee3c6c | https://www.britannica.com/event/Bosnian-War | Bosnian War | Bosnian War
Bosnian War, ethnically rooted war (1992–95) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a former republic of Yugoslavia with a multiethnic population comprising Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), Serbs, and Croats. After years of bitter fighting that involved the three Bosnian groups as well as the Yugoslav army, Western countri... |
625ac6704e87025929e6361ad3154e1e | https://www.britannica.com/event/Boston-Massacre/Aftermath-and-agitprop | Aftermath and agitprop | Aftermath and agitprop
By the next morning Preston and the seven soldiers that he led were under arrest as was the sentry whom they had sought to rescue. A town meeting produced a demand for the removal of all the troops, and by March 11 both the 14th and 29th regiments had decamped to Castle William (now Castle Island... |
0bf2c304f0844ec55ec77140e379e088 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Boumediene-v-Bush | Boumediene v. Bush | Boumediene v. Bush
Boumediene v. Bush, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on June 12, 2008, held that the Military Commissions Act (MCA) of 2006, which barred foreign nationals held by the United States as “enemy combatants” from challenging their detentions in U.S. federal courts, was an unconstitutional suspension... |
c7a37b1a1126567fece55dbb9797e054 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Brezhnev-Doctrine | Brezhnev Doctrine | Brezhnev Doctrine
Brezhnev Doctrine, foreign policy put forth by Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev in 1968, calling on the Soviet Union to intervene—including militarily—in countries where socialist rule was under threat.
The doctrine was largely a response to the Prague Spring, a period of liberalization instituted in th... |
8647ae692672c6e49869f8092640e983 | https://www.britannica.com/event/British-Royal-Wedding-of-2011/Britannicas-coverage-of-past-British-royal-weddings | Britannica’s coverage of past British royal weddings | Britannica’s coverage of past British royal weddings
Since Victoria’s wedding to Albert in February 1840, their descendants—the members of the house of Windsor—have been parties to more than two dozen weddings. Some of those marriages were brief, others long; death parted some of the couples, while others divorced. The... |
fa041e53259f8b6dd7537ffc4024b422 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Brussels-Treaty-European-history-1948 | Brussels Treaty | Brussels Treaty
Brussels Treaty, (1948) agreement signed by Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, creating a collective defense alliance. It led to the formation of NATO and the Western European Union. A goal of the treaty was to show that western European states could cooperate, thus encouraging ... |
c909bc251425dc840eeb867de8720efd | https://www.britannica.com/event/Buckley-v-Valeo | Buckley v. Valeo | Buckley v. Valeo
Buckley v. Valeo, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on January 30, 1976, struck down provisions of the 1971 Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)—as amended in 1974—that had imposed limits on various types of expenditures by or on behalf of candidates for federal office. The ruling nevertheles... |
308112ffd69edb11c661cd8de0bf667c | https://www.britannica.com/event/Camp-David-Accords | Camp David Accords | Camp David Accords
Camp David Accords, agreements between Israel and Egypt signed on September 17, 1978, that led in the following year to a peace treaty between those two countries, the first such treaty between Israel and any of its Arab neighbours. Brokered by U.S. Pres. Jimmy Carter between Israeli Prime Ministe... |
3e83121afd7ca529d77c60cb1e424cc4 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Capture-of-Savannah | Capture of Savannah | Capture of Savannah
Capture of Savannah, (29 December 1778), engagement in the American Revolution. Stalemate in their war with the Americans in the north and concern over French attacks against British-held Caribbean islands caused the British to focus on securing American colonies in the south. A primary objective ... |
372abe2fe59f9184323ce004853df4ce | https://www.britannica.com/event/Challenger-disaster | Challenger disaster | Challenger disaster
Challenger disaster, explosion of the U.S. space shuttle orbiter Challenger, shortly after its launch from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on January 28, 1986, which claimed the lives of seven astronauts.
The primary goal of shuttle mission 51-L was to launch the second Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (... |
94dd2e5fe7fbb2594bc5c18dad4e0b77 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Challenger-Expedition | Challenger Expedition | Challenger Expedition
Challenger Expedition, prolonged oceanographic exploration cruise from Dec. 7, 1872, to May 26, 1876, covering 127,600 km (68,890 nautical miles) and carried out through cooperation of the British Admiralty and the Royal Society.
HMS Challenger, a wooden corvette of 2,306 tons, was commanded by C... |
216d6145a22e838138e1727eded58c5b | https://www.britannica.com/event/Charlie-Hebdo-shooting | Charlie Hebdo shooting | Charlie Hebdo shooting
Charlie Hebdo shooting, series of terrorist attacks that shook France in January 2015, claiming the lives of 17 people, including 11 journalists and security personnel at the Paris offices of Charlie Hebdo, a satiric magazine. The deadly violence focused attention on the threat posed by militant... |
7698f3d3136fa35c8022ae9de293c41c | https://www.britannica.com/event/Charter-Oath | Charter Oath | Charter Oath
Charter Oath, also called Imperial Oath Of Five Articles, Japanese Gokajō No Goseimon, in Japanese history, statement of principle promulgated on April 6, 1868, by the emperor Meiji after the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration of direct participation in government by the imperial fami... |
4aad9bdeef73e47bee4413402c239b00 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Civil-Constitution-of-the-Clergy | Civil Constitution of the Clergy | Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Civil Constitution of the Clergy, French Constitution Civile Du Clergé, (July 12, 1790), during the French Revolution, an attempt to reorganize the Roman Catholic Church in France on a national basis. It caused a schism within the French Church and made many devout Catholics turn agai... |
192388c26bb51fc9c07d45482226e369 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Civil-Rights-Act-United-States-1964 | Civil Rights Act | Civil Rights Act
Civil Rights Act, (1964), comprehensive U.S. legislation intended to end discrimination based on race, colour, religion, or national origin. It is often called the most important U.S. law on civil rights since Reconstruction (1865–77) and is a hallmark of the American civil rights movement. Title I of... |
b420e80802b12cf9f474587bac163bb5 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Cold-War/Toward-a-new-world-order | Toward a new world order | Toward a new world order
In the course of the 1960s and ’70s, however, the bipolar struggle between the Soviet and American blocs gave way to a more-complicated pattern of international relationships in which the world was no longer split into two clearly opposed blocs. A major split had occurred between the Soviet Uni... |
9d7977df4929bf2c018278c1575d200f | https://www.britannica.com/event/Combination-Acts | Combination Acts | Combination Acts
Combination Acts, British acts of 1799 and 1800 that made trade unionism illegal. The laws, as finally amended, sentenced to three months in jail or to two months’ hard labour any workingman who combined with another to gain an increase in wages or a decrease in hours or who solicited anyone else to ... |
831a1d3e0c9d777895d2cac67d656219 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Commonwealth-v-Hunt | Commonwealth v. Hunt | Commonwealth v. Hunt
Commonwealth v. Hunt, (1842), American legal case in which the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that the common-law doctrine of criminal conspiracy did not apply to labour unions. Until then, workers’ attempts to establish closed shops had been subject to prosecution. Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw a... |
54cd37104db45f0a08b4cc1ac6a27c10 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Commune-of-Paris-1792 | Commune of Paris | Commune of Paris
Militants in the Paris Commune, the Revolutionary government of Paris set up by the capital’s 48 wards, or sections, gave the Legislative Assembly a deadline in which to suspend the king. When it passed unheeded, they organized an insurrection. On August 10, 1792, a huge crowd of armed…
…he was procura... |
67e19fbd5440ae9475618b07bb8adefa | https://www.britannica.com/event/Communications-Act-of-1934 | Communications Act of 1934 | Communications Act of 1934
Communications Act of 1934, U.S. federal law that provided the foundation for contemporary U.S. telecommunications policy. The Communication Act of 1934 established the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), an independent U.S. agency responsible for the regulation of interstate and foreig... |
88c32c4b9667c094edef1820b5cb625e | https://www.britannica.com/event/Comstock-Act | Comstock Act | Comstock Act
Comstock Act, federal statute passed by the U.S. Congress in 1873 as an “Act of the Suppression of Trade in, and Circulation of, Obscene Literature and Articles of Immoral Use.”
Named for Anthony Comstock, a zealous crusader against what he considered to be obscenity, the act criminalized publication, dis... |
f252e03382742b7e322ead313093c22a | https://www.britannica.com/event/Congress-of-Aix-la-Chapelle | Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle | Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle
Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, (October 1–November 15, 1818), the first of the four congresses held by Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and France to discuss and take common action on European problems following the Napoleonic Wars (1800–15). This congress (held at Aix-la-Chapelle—now... |
9d5f388206e3e2d326a5d0604d8415e3 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Congress-of-Chilpancingo | Congress of Chilpancingo | Congress of Chilpancingo
Congress of Chilpancingo, (September–November 1813), meeting held at Chilpancingo, in present Guerrero state, Mex., that declared the independence of Mexico from Spain and drafted a constitution, which received final approval (Oct. 22, 1814) at the Congress of Apatzingán. José María Morelos y ... |
26f2f8e0bdc4de4855a604e79330dd9a | https://www.britannica.com/event/Congress-of-Laibach | Congress of Laibach | Congress of Laibach
Congress of Laibach, (Jan. 26–May 12, 1821), meeting of the Holy Alliance powers (all European rulers except those of Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and the papacy) at Laibach (now Ljubljana, Slovenia) that set the conditions for Austrian intervention in and occupation of the Two Sicilies in action a... |
b5c525d1811831694defa403c8f3a254 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Corn-Law-British-history | Corn Law | Corn Law
Corn Law, in English history, any of the regulations governing the import and export of grain. Records mention the imposition of Corn Laws as early as the 12th century. The laws became politically important in the late 18th century and the first half of the 19th century, during the grain shortage caused by Br... |
fdc1bf2278cd94d7969d76fa3e4dbf43 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Cortina-dAmpezzo-1956-Olympic-Winter-Games | Cortina d'Ampezzo 1956 Olympic Winter Games | Cortina d'Ampezzo 1956 Olympic Winter Games
Cortina d’Ampezzo 1956 Olympic Winter Games, athletic festival held in Cortina d’Ampezzo, Italy, that took place Jan. 26–Feb. 5, 1956. The Cortina d’Ampezzo Games were the seventh occurrence of the Winter Olympic Games.
Originally awarded the 1944 Winter Games, which were ca... |
95ee9fea6079aa802feb95bbacd48205 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Council-of-Antioch | Council of Antioch | Council of Antioch
Council of Antioch, (341 CE), a non-ecumenical Christian church council held at Antioch (modern Antakya in southeastern Turkey) on the occasion of the consecration of the emperor Constantine I’s Golden Church there. It was the first of several 4th-century councils that attempted to replace orthodox ... |
6d89e6a925107613f734d7af676b8317 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Council-of-Elvira | Council of Elvira | Council of Elvira
Council of Elvira, the first known council of the Christian church in Spain, held early in the 4th century at Elvira, near modern Granada. It is the first council of which the canons have survived, and they provide the earliest reliable information on the Spanish church. The exact date is disputed, b... |
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