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2903c3e664e1106f6c87122ffaa1ffbe | https://www.britannica.com/event/Lebanese-Civil-War | Lebanese Civil War | Lebanese Civil War
Lebanese Civil War, civil conflict (1975–90) in Lebanon emanating from the deterioration of the Lebanese state and the coalescence of militias that provided security where the state could not. These militias formed largely along communal lines: the Lebanese Front (LF), led by the Phalangists (or Pha... |
4116d83b5a69138db20b56f29702a440 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Lewis-and-Clark-Expedition/Pacific-Ocean-and-return | Pacific Ocean and return | Pacific Ocean and return
They finally arrived at the Pacific Ocean in mid-November, with Clark recording in his journal, “Ocian in view! O! the joy.” Fierce storms delayed their progress for nearly a month. The members conducted a democratic vote on where to spend the winter, with even York and Sacagawea casting votes.... |
5773ac25928f155b7176041827299114 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Lindbergh-baby-kidnapping | Lindbergh baby kidnapping | Lindbergh baby kidnapping
Lindbergh baby kidnapping, crime involving the kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh, Jr., the 20-month-old son of aviator Charles Lindbergh.
At about 9:00 pm on March 1, 1932, the kidnapper or kidnappers climbed by ladder into the second-story nursery of the Lindbergh home near Hopewell... |
371839896c35ff4970a5b7d6dee0bb86 | https://www.britannica.com/event/London-Dock-Strike | London Dock Strike | London Dock Strike
London Dock Strike, (1889), influential strike by workers in the Port of London that won them the famous “dockers’ tanner” (a pay rate of sixpence per hour) and revitalized the British Trades Union movement.
Following a minor dispute at the South-West India Dock (Aug. 13, 1889), labour activists Be... |
cc8a03de91cf935bdd217b3d04200aa2 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Lufthansa-heist | Lufthansa heist | Lufthansa heist
Lufthansa heist, theft on December 11, 1978, of some $5.8 million in cash and jewels from the air cargo building of the German airline Lufthansa at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City—at the time the biggest cash theft to have taken place in the United States. Of the many suspected p... |
fe52616a35efcf765a76fdae46171937 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Lytton-Commission | Lytton Commission | Lytton Commission
Lytton Commission, (1931–32), investigation team that was led by V.A.G.R. Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of Lytton, and was appointed by the League of Nations to determine the cause of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria begun on Sept. 18, 1931.
After extensive research and a six-week stay in Manchuria (Nort... |
aa20e9384a262ae4dd9b17b45988a0d2 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Marbury-v-Madison/Impact | Impact | Impact
Marshall’s masterful verdict has been widely hailed. In the face of attacks on the judiciary launched by Jefferson and his followers, Marshall needed to make a strong statement to maintain the status of the Supreme Court as the head of a coequal branch of government. By asserting the power to declare acts of Con... |
53518384a25cd6707096e967b1faff6b | https://www.britannica.com/event/March-on-Washington | March on Washington | March on Washington
March on Washington, in full March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, political demonstration held in Washington, D.C., in 1963 by civil rights leaders to protest racial discrimination and to show support for major civil rights legislation that was pending in Congress.
On August 28, 1963, an inter... |
e36a255e25e192f14bb6fb0281d9fd92 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Marco-Polo-Bridge-Incident | Marco Polo Bridge Incident | Marco Polo Bridge Incident
Marco Polo Bridge Incident, (July 7, 1937), conflict between Chinese and Japanese troops near the Marco Polo Bridge (Chinese: Lugouqiao) outside Beiping (now Beijing), which developed into the warfare between the two countries that was the prelude to the Pacific side of World War II.
In 1931... |
b47971d5c9d79ab45d1935c9904a7a24 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Married-Womens-Property-Acts-United-States-1839 | Married Women's Property Acts | Married Women's Property Acts
Married Women’s Property Acts, in U.S. law, series of statutes that gradually, beginning in 1839, expanded the rights of married women to act as independent agents in legal contexts.
The English common law concept of coverture, the legal subordination of a married woman to her husband, pr... |
7b400fcc3a3041e025af349821c6eed9 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Melbourne-1956-Olympic-Games | Melbourne 1956 Olympic Games | Melbourne 1956 Olympic Games
Melbourne 1956 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in Melbourne that took place Nov. 22–Dec. 8, 1956. The Melbourne Games were the 13th occurrence of the modern Olympic Games.
The 1956 Olympics were the first held in the Southern Hemisphere. Because of the reversal of seasons, the Games ... |
0332746d2da33a0e561459d28aadebbf | https://www.britannica.com/event/Mexico-City-1968-Olympic-Games | Mexico City 1968 Olympic Games | Mexico City 1968 Olympic Games
Mexico City 1968 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in Mexico City that took place October 12–27, 1968. The Mexico City Games were the 16th occurrence of the modern Olympic Games.
The 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City were the most politically charged Olympics since the 1936 Games in ... |
7a3172eaffee8e8a7ac37f98ce330297 | https://www.britannica.com/event/militia-movement | Militia movement | Militia movement
Militia movement, in the United States, movement of radical paramilitary groups whose members generally accept highly conspiratorial interpretations of politics and view themselves as defenders of traditional freedoms against government oppression.
Militias are by no means a new phenomenon in the Unit... |
2faf1847d2680ead79f9562ce706ec76 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Million-Man-March | Million Man March | Million Man March
Million Man March, political demonstration in Washington, D.C., on Oct. 16, 1995, to promote African American unity and family values. Estimates of the number of marchers, most of whom were African American men, ranged from 400,000 to nearly 1.1 million, ranking it among the largest gatherings of its... |
36f23c036b8eebbdad7be434d5ed722a | https://www.britannica.com/event/Mingrelian-Affair | Mingrelian Affair | Mingrelian Affair
…were jailed in the “Mingrelian Affair,” which was still being processed when Stalin died; it seems also to have been linked to the Jewish “plotters.” The Mingrelian case was certainly aimed at Beria, himself a Mingrelian. This was not followed up, and, though Beria was implicitly criticized over the…... |
88d8fe77162161b79026c219088f6308 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Mississippi-Valley-Campaign | Mississippi Valley Campaign | Mississippi Valley Campaign
Mississippi Valley Campaign, the campaigns and battles of the American Civil War that were fought for control of the Mississippi River. Western waterways were major arteries of communication and commerce for the South, as well as a vital link to the Confederate states of Louisiana and Texas... |
51a8b2e404144aa19cf9ac57d1b4fc35 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Mob-Convention | Mob Convention | Mob Convention
Mob Convention, formally Women’s Rights Convention, woman suffrage meeting, held September 6–7, 1853, in New York City, that earned its popular label owing to the numerous disruptions to it by protesters.
The New York state meeting of the Women’s Rights Convention was attended by some 3,000 people and w... |
fa8a83e1526de637c9c07c7a9b99f234 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Monmouths-Rebellion | Monmouth’s Rebellion | Monmouth’s Rebellion
…emergency military aid to suppress Monmouth’s Rebellion (1685). James Scott, duke of Monmouth, an illegitimate son of Charles II, was Shaftesbury’s personal choice for the throne had Exclusion succeeded. Monmouth recruited tradesmen and farmers as he marched through the West Country on the way to ... |
c6e78a91b992421e9b9e263120952fa5 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Monterey-Pop-Festival | Monterey Pop Festival | Monterey Pop Festival
…Joplin fans at the 1967 Monterey (California) Pop Festival, but, under the guidance of agent and later music mogul David Geffen, she grew more popular with the release of the cult-classic albums Eli and the Thirteenth Confession (1968) and New York Tendaberry (1969). Nyro incorporated a diversity... |
d783ee69f817ab83a01343be4761259e | https://www.britannica.com/event/Moral-Re-Armament | Moral Re-Armament | Moral Re-Armament
Moral Re-Armament (MRA), also called Buchmanism or Oxford Group, a modern, nondenominational revivalistic movement founded by American churchman Frank N.D. Buchman (1878–1961). It sought to deepen the spiritual life of individuals and encouraged participants to continue as members of their own church... |
dffbd1137cba328284063d9c22a3a1ce | https://www.britannica.com/event/Munn-v-Illinois | Munn v. Illinois | Munn v. Illinois
Munn v. Illinois, (1877), case in which the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the power of government to regulate private industries.
The case developed as a result of the Illinois legislature’s responding in 1871 to pressure from the National Grange, an association of farmers, by setting maximum rates that ... |
3832b550c0e35c2fcec361913febb1f5 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Mysore-Wars | Mysore Wars | Mysore Wars
Mysore Wars, four military confrontations (1767–69; 1780–84; 1790–92; and 1799) in India between the British and the rulers of Mysore.
About 1761 a Muslim adventurer, Hyder Ali, already commander in chief, made himself ruler of the state of Mysore and set about expanding his dominions. In 1766 the East Ind... |
5a568b3f7110c7d72a0e6e9dd94d780e | https://www.britannica.com/event/Nabozny-v-Podlesny | Nabozny v. Podlesny | Nabozny v. Podlesny
Nabozny v. Podlesny, case in which the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit on July 31, 1996, ruled that public schools and their officials could be held liable for failing to protect homosexual students from antigay harassment and harm.
The case involved Jamie Nabozny, an openly gay stude... |
aa3e88086b113e1c0bc8ed0fcdaa1158 | https://www.britannica.com/event/New-Economic-Policy-Soviet-history | New Economic Policy | New Economic Policy
New Economic Policy (NEP), the economic policy of the government of the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1928, representing a temporary retreat from its previous policy of extreme centralization and doctrinaire socialism.
The policy of War Communism, in effect since 1918, had by 1921 brought the national ... |
4f24a211c5fe8d21e52f52d48ed90e6d | https://www.britannica.com/event/Normandy-Invasion/D-Day-June-6-1944 | D-Day, June 6, 1944 | D-Day, June 6, 1944
May 1944 had been chosen at the conference in Washington in May 1943 as the time for the invasion. Difficulties in assembling landing craft forced a postponement until June, but June 5 was fixed as the unalterable date by Eisenhower on May 17. As the day approached and troops began to embark for the... |
b24fac37ca96bb511fe488d3b46b9805 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Normandy-Massacres | Normandy Massacres | Normandy Massacres
Normandy Massacres, execution of as many as 156 Canadian soldiers by German forces that had taken them prisoner in June 1944, soon after the start of the Normandy Invasion during World War II. The killings, which were carried out in various incidents in the Normandy countryside, are one of the worst... |
1605243daf8d3fdedec075d867c17e22 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Norris-La-Guardia-Act | Norris–La Guardia Act | Norris–La Guardia Act
Norris–La Guardia Act, legislative act passed in 1932 that removed certain legal and judicial barriers against the activities of organized labour in the United States. The act declared that the members of labour unions should have “full freedom of association” undisturbed by employers. The act al... |
845c78400bc975c5ca9808ddbeb5713f | https://www.britannica.com/event/North-Africa-campaigns/Egypt-and-Libya-Autumn-1941-January-1943 | Egypt and Libya (Autumn 1941–January 1943) | Egypt and Libya (Autumn 1941–January 1943)
On November 18, 1941, the British Eighth Army, as the forces in the Western Desert had been rechristened, launched Operation Crusader. The British undertook that offensive with more than twice as many tanks as their opponent. In addition, some one-third of Rommel’s tanks were ... |
bc25bfddda5c890cac25db13f6b1ea4d | https://www.britannica.com/event/Nurnberg-Rally | Nürnberg Rally | Nürnberg Rally
Nürnberg Rally, German Nürnberger Parteitage, English Nürnberg Party Meetings, any of the massive Nazi Party rallies held in 1923, 1927, and 1929 and annually from 1933 through 1938 in Nürnberg (Nuremberg) in Bavaria. The rallies were primarily propaganda events, carefully staged to reinforce party enth... |
d3a35038b2890e10bc809ddaa6b4b4b7 | https://www.britannica.com/event/O-J-Simpson-trial | O.J. Simpson trial | O.J. Simpson trial
O.J. Simpson trial, criminal trial of former college and professional gridiron football star O.J. Simpson, who was acquitted in 1995 of the murder of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman. It was one of the most notorious criminal trials in American history.
On the night of ... |
ad66072384aeababe87bce00ac13760a | https://www.britannica.com/event/Obergefell-v-Hodges | Obergefell v. Hodges | Obergefell v. Hodges
Obergefell v. Hodges, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled (5–4) on June 26, 2015, that state bans on same-sex marriage and on recognizing same-sex marriages duly performed in other jurisdictions are unconstitutional under the due process and equal protection clauses of the Fourteenth ... |
9dd0b3d612a49d7e3190127d13ec3185 | https://www.britannica.com/event/occupation-of-Japan | Occupation of Japan | Occupation of Japan
Occupation of Japan, (1945–52) military occupation of Japan by the Allied Powers after its defeat in World War II. Theoretically an international occupation, in fact it was carried out almost entirely by U.S. forces under Gen. Douglas MacArthur. During the occupation period, Japanese soldiers and c... |
159f62cd62596a35ebc0849a3e1ee73d | https://www.britannica.com/event/Oder-Neisse-Line | Oder–Neisse Line | Oder–Neisse Line
Oder–Neisse Line, Polish–German border devised by the Allied powers at the end of World War II; it transferred a large section of German territory to Poland and was a matter of contention between the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the Soviet bloc for 15 years.
At the Yalta Conference ... |
b838e08171ba40b3d07796744f98a5a9 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Operation-Barbarossa/Later-actions | Later actions | Later actions
As winter approached, Hitler stopped Leeb’s northward drive on the outskirts of Leningrad. He ordered Rundstedt and Kleist, however, to press on from the Dnieper toward the Don and the Caucasus. Bock, meanwhile, was to resume the advance on Moscow.
Bock’s renewed advance began on October 2, 1941. Its pros... |
939f0fad2150fb34cfe9ce0908f00404 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Orlando-shooting-of-2016 | Orlando shooting of 2016 | Orlando shooting of 2016
Orlando shooting of 2016, also called Pulse nightclub shooting, mass shooting that took place at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Florida, in the early morning hours of June 12, 2016, and left 49 people dead and more than 50 wounded. It was the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history up to that... |
1e4eb7f21f414f9c8be3e39a6041187f | https://www.britannica.com/event/Ostpolitik | Ostpolitik | Ostpolitik
Ostpolitik, (German: “Eastern Policy”) West German foreign policy begun in the late 1960s. Initiated by Willy Brandt as foreign minister and then chancellor, the policy was one of détente with Soviet-bloc countries, recognizing the East German government and expanding commercial relations with other Soviet-... |
3023bbf1734b98f497c32681a9764b5b | https://www.britannica.com/event/Outer-Space-Treaty | Outer Space Treaty | Outer Space Treaty
Outer Space Treaty, formally Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, (1967), international treaty binding the parties to use outer space only for peaceful purposes. In June 1966 the United State... |
2b5398ba2927fec3864027f19cf3dc62 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Pact-of-Locarno | Pact of Locarno | Pact of Locarno
Pact of Locarno, (Dec. 1, 1925), series of agreements whereby Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Italy mutually guaranteed peace in western Europe. The treaties were initialed at Locarno, Switz., on October 16 and signed in London on December 1.
The agreements consisted of (1) a treaty of mut... |
33e95cf63036d8ee031f5b4c7b566e6b | https://www.britannica.com/event/Pan-Scandinavianism | Pan-Scandinavianism | Pan-Scandinavianism
Pan-Scandinavianism, also called Scandinavianism, or Scandinavism, an unsuccessful 19th-century movement for Scandinavian unity that enflamed passions during the Schleswig-Holstein crises. Like similar movements, Scandinavianism received its main impetus from philological and archaeological discove... |
7054629dcc252fa7e405350046376e48 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Pan-Slavism | Pan-Slavism | Pan-Slavism
Pan-Slavism, 19th-century movement that recognized a common ethnic background among the various Slav peoples of eastern and east central Europe and sought to unite those peoples for the achievement of common cultural and political goals. The Pan-Slav movement originally was formed in the first half of the... |
426313747b3c21b8cb608f14b8229f7b | https://www.britannica.com/event/Pan-Turanianism | Pan-Turanianism | Pan-Turanianism
Pan-Turanianism, also called Pan-turanism, late 19th- and early 20th-century movement to unite politically and culturally all the Turkic, Tatar, and Uralic peoples living in Turkey and across Eurasia from Hungary to the Pacific. Its name is derived from Tūrān, the Persian word for Turkistan (i.e., the ... |
4c9ad7b978ac4333cee6d14fbcfe251f | https://www.britannica.com/event/Paris-1900-Olympic-Games | Paris 1900 Olympic Games | Paris 1900 Olympic Games
Paris 1900 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in Paris that took place May 14–Oct. 28, 1900. The Paris Games were the second occurrence of the modern Olympic Games.
The second modern Olympic competition was relegated to a sideshow of the World Exhibition, which was being held in Paris in th... |
a31e11f904a2b32404e66999830fb629 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Paris-1924-Olympic-Games | Paris 1924 Olympic Games | Paris 1924 Olympic Games
Paris 1924 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in Paris that took place May 4–July 27, 1924. The Paris Games were the seventh occurrence of the modern Olympic Games.
The 1924 Games represented a coming of age for the Olympics. Held in Paris in tribute to Pierre, baron de Coubertin, the retir... |
d266b2c385660d86ea04e6db5edf3546 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Paris-attacks-of-2015/The-response-to-the-Paris-attacks | The response to the Paris attacks | The response to the Paris attacks
While the hostage crisis at the Bataclan was still ongoing, Hollande declared a state of emergency for all of France. Security services combed the city, and it was determined that seven of the nine terrorists who had directly participated in the attacks were dead. On November 14, ISIL ... |
8e5101b444dab2afb81e0eb681182732 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Parliament-Hill-Attack | Parliament Hill Attack | Parliament Hill Attack
Parliament Hill Attack, shooting that took place at Parliament and the National War Memorial in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, on October 22, 2014. The attack, carried out by former Canadian petroleum worker Michael Zehaf-Bibeau, left one person dead and raised questions about parliamentary security w... |
7a242656da48f98e2bfe586a8f71b7d9 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Partition-of-Bengal | Partition of Bengal | Partition of Bengal
Partition of Bengal, (1905), division of Bengal carried out by the British viceroy in India, Lord Curzon, despite strong Indian nationalist opposition. It began a transformation of the Indian National Congress from a middle-class pressure group into a nationwide mass movement.
Bengal, Bihar, and Or... |
9dbd16e1908fce825bb07b553d853067 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Partitions-of-Poland | Partitions of Poland | Partitions of Poland
Partitions of Poland, (1772, 1793, 1795), three territorial divisions of Poland, perpetrated by Russia, Prussia, and Austria, by which Poland’s size was progressively reduced until, after the final partition, the state of Poland ceased to exist.
The First Partition occurred after Russia became inv... |
0b1643f26f1589d0a4367a10e78f7a43 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Peshawar-school-massacre | Peshawar school massacre | Peshawar school massacre
Peshawar school massacre, terrorist attack in which seven heavily armed Taliban fighters stormed an army-run primary and secondary school in Peshawar, Pakistan, on December 16, 2014, killing 150 people, of whom at least 134 were students.
At the time of the incident, the Army Public School he... |
896cc3a4e519cc315c7a5d37a7addb35 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Petersburg-Campaign | Petersburg Campaign | Petersburg Campaign
Petersburg Campaign, (1864–65), series of military operations in southern Virginia during the final months of the American Civil War that culminated in the defeat of the South.
Petersburg, an important rail centre 23 miles (37 km) south of Richmond, was a strategic point for the defense of the Conf... |
22477fda9fc645c4e0c66666be0a227a | https://www.britannica.com/event/Philippine-American-War | Philippine-American War | Philippine-American War
Philippine-American War, war between the United States and Filipino revolutionaries from 1899 to 1902, an insurrection that may be seen as a continuation of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule. The Treaty of Paris (1898) had transferred Philippine sovereignty from Spain to the United... |
19644aea96c08993b44889704c02d098 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Philippine-Revolution | Philippine Revolution | Philippine Revolution
Philippine Revolution, (1896–98), Filipino independence struggle that, after more than 300 years of Spanish colonial rule, exposed the weakness of Spanish administration but failed to evict Spaniards from the islands. The Spanish-American War brought Spain’s rule in the Philippines to a close in ... |
3740365181aaace4a1ed3b8d6183c71d | https://www.britannica.com/event/Pig-War-1906-1909 | Pig War | Pig War
Pig War, tariff conflict from March 1906 to June 1909 between Serbia and Austria-Hungary, so named because during it the export of live Serbian pigs to Austria-Hungary was prohibited. In 1903 Serbia, regenerated with the accession of a new king that year, threatened Austria-Hungary in the Balkans, and the Aust... |
273cdaefb29585409801821ec9b06e99 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Pinckneys-Treaty | Pinckney's Treaty | Pinckney's Treaty
Pinckney’s Treaty, also called Treaty of San Lorenzo, (Oct. 27, 1795), agreement between Spain and the United States, fixing the southern boundary of the United States at 31° N latitude and establishing commercial arrangements favourable to the United States. U.S. citizens were accorded free navigati... |
792a2c2c0c9a03b162cafa5c4f77ada1 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Pontiacs-War | Pontiac’s War | Pontiac’s War
…Fort Pitt (now Pittsburgh) during Pontiac’s Rebellion passed blankets infected with smallpox virus to the Indians, causing a devastating epidemic among their ranks.
…the Indian uprising known as Pontiac’s War. The county was created in 1785; its name was derived from the title of the eldest son of the ki... |
5e2f1e90ed7f9aa4689cdff1e8652f17 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Poona-Pact | Poona Pact | Poona Pact
Poona Pact, (September 24, 1932), agreement between Hindu leaders in India granting new rights to Dalits (low-caste Hindu groups then often labeled “untouchables”). The pact, signed at Poona (now Pune, Maharashtra), resulted from the Communal Award of August 4, 1932, a proposal by the British government whi... |
ab1626a934986c216161790ba2654b69 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Pottawatomie-Massacre | Pottawatomie Massacre | Pottawatomie Massacre
Pottawatomie Massacre, (May 24–25, 1856), murder of five men from a proslavery settlement on Pottawatomie Creek, Franklin county, Kan., U.S., by an antislavery party led by the abolitionist John Brown and composed largely of men of his family. The victims were associated with the Franklin County... |
8af119909f93bff32da88d91f8a9d7b9 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Prague-Spring | Prague Spring | Prague Spring
Prague Spring, brief period of liberalization in Czechoslovakia under Alexander Dubček in 1968. Soon after he became first secretary of the Czechoslovak Communist Party on January 5, 1968, Dubček granted the press greater freedom of expression; he also rehabilitated victims of political purges during the... |
126b7ca0142ffc8abd03ed57c23169b0 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Pre-Romanticism | Pre-Romanticism | Pre-Romanticism
Pre-Romanticism, cultural movement in Europe from about the 1740s onward that preceded and presaged the artistic movement known as Romanticism (q.v.). Chief among these trends was a shift in public taste away from the grandeur, austerity, nobility, idealization, and elevated sentiments of Neoclassicis... |
eec852c9e7661110a3b3b9dbd1291045 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Profumo-affair | Profumo affair | Profumo affair
Profumo affair, in British history, political and intelligence scandal in the early 1960s that helped topple the Conservative Party government of Prime Minister Harold Macmillan. Involving sex, a Russian spy, and the secretary of state for war, the scandal captured the attention of the British public an... |
b30eb908c2e86dc722563b46cbcb8fe0 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Pugwash-Conferences | Pugwash Conferences | Pugwash Conferences
Pugwash Conferences, in full Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, series of international meetings of scientists to discuss problems of nuclear weapons and world security. The first of the conferences met in July 1957 at the estate of the American philanthropist Cyrus Eaton in the vill... |
b5b369285e8549c467c72527c0ab39d4 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Quartering-Act | Quartering Act | Quartering Act
Quartering Act, (1765), in American colonial history, the British parliamentary provision (actually an amendment to the annual Mutiny Act) requiring colonial authorities to provide food, drink, quarters, fuel, and transportation to British forces stationed in their towns or villages. Resentment over t... |
3da324c21a0459b1ee1d75bc72832535 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Queen-Annes-War | Queen Anne's War | Queen Anne's War
Queen Anne’s War, (1702–13), second in a series of wars fought between Great Britain and France in North America for control of the continent. It was contemporaneous with the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe. British military aid to the colonists was devoted mainly to defense of the area aroun... |
dc8b7b1ed313b2d7637523bcf9c5dbed | https://www.britannica.com/event/Quinisext-Council | Quinisext Council | Quinisext Council
Quinisext Council, also called Council in Trullo (after the palace hall in Constantinople where it met), council that was convened in 692 by the Byzantine emperor Justinian II to issue disciplinary decrees related to the second and third councils of Constantinople (held in 553 and 680–681). They were... |
f96f5e817033a59eb608979fce8d7395 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Quit-India-movement | Quit India movement | Quit India movement
He also participated in the Quit India campaign against the British that was launched in 1942, functioning as an underground operative until he was arrested and imprisoned. He thus was an integral part of the Congress Party’s pre-independence activities and, after the country’s independence in 1947,... |
09d0666ac3f927f30f37bcfe8eb97852 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Rasul-v-Bush | Rasul v. Bush | Rasul v. Bush
Rasul v. Bush, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on June 28, 2004, that U.S. courts have jurisdiction to hear habeas corpus petitions filed on behalf of foreign nationals imprisoned at the Guantánamo Bay detention camp on the U.S. naval base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, because the base, which the U... |
ecbf4fceab628284f7ba2615f3de0087 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Red-River-Indian-War | Red River Indian War | Red River Indian War
Red River Indian War, (1874–75), uprising of warriors from several Indian tribes thought to be peacefully settled on Oklahoma and Texas reservations, ending in the crushing of the Indian dissidents by the United States. Presumably the Treaty of Medicine Lodge (Kansas, October 1867) had placed on a... |
bcba82d0959045d066d01c3985714280 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Reinsurance-Treaty | Reinsurance Treaty | Reinsurance Treaty
Reinsurance Treaty, (June 18, 1887), a secret agreement between Germany and Russia arranged by the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck after the German-Austrian-Russian Dreikaiserbund, or Three Emperors’ League, collapsed in 1887 because of competition between Austria-Hungary and Russia for spheres... |
d888f46409dbc91c04a435e13d041507 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Remonstrant | Remonstrant | Remonstrant
Remonstrant, any of the Dutch Protestants who, following the views of Jacobus Arminius, presented to the States-General in 1610 a “remonstrance” setting forth their points of divergence from stricter Calvinism. The Remonstrants, assailed on all sides, were expelled from the Netherlands by the Protestant S... |
0327617b66f5c3f93306161d4c83141b | https://www.britannica.com/event/Renaissance | Renaissance | Renaissance
Renaissance, (French: “Rebirth”) period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages and conventionally held to have been characterized by a surge of interest in Classical scholarship and values. The Renaissance also witnessed the discovery and exploration of new continents, the substitut... |
57a81d0e50f9dd25a784ecd60a9b18a8 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Revolt-of-the-Ciompi | Revolt of the Ciompi | Revolt of the Ciompi
Revolt of the Ciompi, (1378), insurrection of the lower classes of Florence that briefly brought to power one of the most democratic governments in Florentine history. The ciompi (“wool carders”) were the most radical of the groups that revolted, and they were defeated by the more conservative ele... |
a97d50ab6dcc3e1b1165a8dbd2bbcd08 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Revolutions-of-1848 | Revolutions of 1848 | Revolutions of 1848
Revolutions of 1848, series of republican revolts against European monarchies, beginning in Sicily and spreading to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire. They all ended in failure and repression and were followed by widespread disillusionment among liberals.
The revolutionary movement be... |
0392d234eb0d8a6f75d5d6bd8c01357e | https://www.britannica.com/event/Rhodian-Sea-Law | Rhodian Sea Law | Rhodian Sea Law
Rhodian Sea Law, Latin Lex Rhodia, body of regulations governing commercial trade and navigation in the Byzantine Empire beginning in the 7th century; it influenced the maritime law of the medieval Italian cities.
The Rhodian Sea Law was based on a statute in the Digest of the Code of Justinian commiss... |
ea26dd8e40d5c70d55aa48b653266ca8 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Robotpatent | Robotpatent | Robotpatent
Robotpatent, (German: “Forced-Labour Patent”), law governing compulsory labour, performed by peasants for their lord in the Austrian domains. Enactments from earlier times existed throughout the Austrian domains, such as a Hungarian one that was issued as a penalty in 1514 following an abortive peasant re... |
cde2098a5276aba38bcbd7d6118d9725 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Ruby-Ridge | Ruby Ridge | Ruby Ridge
Ruby Ridge, location of an incident in August 1992 in which Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents and U.S. marshals engaged in an 11-day standoff with self-proclaimed white separatist Randy Weaver, his family, and a friend named Kevin Harris in an isolated cabin in Boundary county, Idaho. Weaver’s wi... |
dcf9e6bde0ea27e519c8a5d962cb5498 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Saint-Clairs-Defeat | Saint Clair's Defeat | Saint Clair's Defeat
Saint Clair’s Defeat, (November 4, 1791), one of the worst defeats ever suffered by U.S. forces in Indian warfare, precipitated by British-Indian confrontation with settlers and militia in the Northwest Territory following the American Revolution. Despite specific provisions in the Treaty of 1783 ... |
d3f367a91629a959e7b8972dc90afc7f | https://www.britannica.com/event/Salt-Lake-City-2002-Olympic-Winter-Games | Salt Lake City 2002 Olympic Winter Games | Salt Lake City 2002 Olympic Winter Games
Salt Lake City 2002 Olympic Winter Games, athletic festival held in Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S., that took place Feb. 8–24, 2002. The Salt Lake City Games were the 19th occurrence of the Winter Olympic Games.
Scandal and fears of terrorism marked the 2002 Games long before the O... |
eb209f1f090e532526c0b8ae95d7a897 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Santa-Fe-Independent-School-District-v-Doe | Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe | Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on June 19, 2000, ruled (6–3) that a Texas school board policy that allowed “student-led, student-initiated prayer” before varsity high-school football games was a violation of the First Amendm... |
5e1b91bb894b5f1db91c82e5c2328c4f | https://www.britannica.com/event/Sapporo-1972-Olympic-Winter-Games | Sapporo 1972 Olympic Winter Games | Sapporo 1972 Olympic Winter Games
Sapporo 1972 Olympic Winter Games, athletic festival held in Sapporo, Japan, that took place Feb. 3–13, 1972. The Sapporo Games were the 11th occurrence of the Winter Olympic Games.
After two unsuccessful attempts to secure the Olympics, Sapporo was finally awarded the 1972 Winter Gam... |
309cb7e93b448c933ddcbcd75ae5004b | https://www.britannica.com/event/Saturia-Manikganj-Sadar-tornado | Saturia–Manikganj Sadar tornado | Saturia–Manikganj Sadar tornado
Saturia–Manikganj Sadar tornado, catastrophic tornado that struck the Manikganj district of Bangladesh on April 26, 1989. Causing approximately 1,300 fatalities, it was likely the deadliest tornado in recorded history.
The tornado struck at around 6:30 pm local time and moved east from ... |
d1e2a69bbf8eb7f99a0fbe40f0080ae8 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Scopes-Trial | Scopes Trial | Scopes Trial
Scopes Trial, also called Scopes Monkey Trial, (July 10–21, 1925, Dayton, Tennessee, U.S.), highly publicized trial (known as the “Monkey Trial”) of a Dayton, Tennessee, high-school teacher, John T. Scopes, charged with violating state law by teaching Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. The trial’s proc... |
44e7b02f26098361c862720493c93111 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Scottish-Enlightenment | Scottish Enlightenment | Scottish Enlightenment
Scottish Enlightenment, the conjunction of minds, ideas, and publications in Scotland during the whole of the second half of the 18th century and extending over several decades on either side of that period. Contemporaries referred to Edinburgh as a “hotbed of genius.” Voltaire in 1762 wrote in ... |
4b8cb7f4a6f3ec4ba00ef683095a102f | https://www.britannica.com/event/Second-Battle-of-Custoza | Second Battle of Custoza | Second Battle of Custoza
In the second battle at Custoza, on June 24, 1866, four days after the Sardinian-dominated Kingdom of Italy declared war, the 80,000-man Austrian army, under Archduke Albert, defeated a disorganized, demoralized, and poorly led 120,000-man Italian army, under Victor Emmanuel II. In this battle,... |
7f27dd880f6557b7c688bef7f7b44585 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Second-Battle-of-Fallujah | Second Battle of Fallujah | Second Battle of Fallujah
Second Battle of Fallujah, (November 7–December 23, 2004), also called Operation Al-Fajr (“Dawn”) and Operation Phantom Fury, joint American, Iraqi, and British military campaign during the Iraq War that crushed the Islamic insurgents in Fallujah, Iraq, in the Sunni Muslim province of Al-Anba... |
857d31fa510e057fb445bb911cf1952c | https://www.britannica.com/event/Second-Battle-of-the-Somme | Second Battle of the Somme | Second Battle of the Somme
Second Battle of the Somme, also called Battle of Saint-Quentin, (March 21–April 5, 1918), partially successful German offensive against Allied forces on the Western Front during the later part of World War I.
The German commander, General Erich Ludendorff, believed that it was essential for... |
e63bdbbbf3b42d33b45aa7dbefebfb13 | https://www.britannica.com/event/second-intifadah | Second intifadah | Second intifadah
The second intifada was much more violent than the first. During the approximately five-year uprising, more than 4,300 fatalities were registered, and again the ratio of Palestinian to Israeli deaths was slightly more than 3 to 1.
…widespread violence known as the second intifāḍah (Arabic: “shaking off... |
c8a86695e51ff988d536ad259cbed29a | https://www.britannica.com/event/Self-Strengthening-Movement | Self-Strengthening Movement | Self-Strengthening Movement
Self-Strengthening Movement, movement (1861–95) in which the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12) of China introduced Western methods and technology in an attempt to renovate Chinese military, diplomatic, fiscal, and educational policy.
The Self-Strengthening Movement was launched by three governors... |
4e6fa5cebe7874e7de407bb31d34f3c4 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Selma-March/We-Shall-Overcome-LBJ-and-the-1965-Voting-Rights-Act | “We Shall Overcome”: LBJ and the 1965 Voting Rights Act | “We Shall Overcome”: LBJ and the 1965 Voting Rights Act
On March 15, just over a week after Bloody Sunday, Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson introduced voting rights legislation in an address to a joint session of Congress. In what became a famous speech, he identified the clash in Selma as a turning point in U.S. history akin t... |
f7a867241c0ad6126fe9b32e740d2b2d | https://www.britannica.com/event/Seneca-Falls-Convention | Seneca Falls Convention | Seneca Falls Convention
Seneca Falls Convention, assembly held on July 19–20, 1848, at Seneca Falls, New York, that launched the woman suffrage movement in the United States. Seneca Falls was the home of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who, along with Lucretia Mott, conceived and directed the convention. The two feminist le... |
bd3801593a89998e7298c34cee326b08 | https://www.britannica.com/event/September-Massacres | September Massacres | September Massacres
September Massacres, French Massacres du Septembre or Journées du Septembre (“September Days”), mass killing of prisoners that took place in Paris from September 2 to September 6 in 1792—a major event of what is sometimes called the “First Terror” of the French Revolution.
The massacres were an exp... |
e5d874e48d7dfd78b9b1778615655f92 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Serbo-Bulgarian-War | Serbo-Bulgarian War | Serbo-Bulgarian War
Serbo-Bulgarian War, (Nov. 14, 1885–March 3, 1886), military conflict between Serbia and Bulgaria, which demonstrated the instability of the Balkan peace settlement imposed by the Congress of Berlin (Treaty of Berlin, July 1878).
Both Serbia and Bulgaria felt that the Treaty of Berlin should have ... |
9b57c556d395302fbe0a43876032d177 | https://www.britannica.com/event/SETI | SETI | SETI
SETI, in full Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, ongoing effort to seek intelligent extraterrestrial life. SETI focuses on receiving and analyzing signals from space, particularly in the radio and visible-light regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, looking for nonrandom patterns likely to have been sent... |
fa1c5a945cb964b583ac7acbf299cc24 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Seven-Days-Battles | Seven Days' Battles | Seven Days' Battles
Seven Days’ Battles, (June 25–July 1, 1862), series of American Civil War battles in which a Confederate army under General Robert E. Lee drove back General George B. McClellan’s Union forces and thwarted the Northern attempt to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. McClellan was f... |
89fcfa0603bc7c450c5edffdf25e2fb8 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Seven-Weeks-War | Seven Weeks' War | Seven Weeks' War
Seven Weeks’ War, also called Austro-Prussian War, (1866), war between Prussia on the one side and Austria, Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, and certain minor German states on the other. It ended in a Prussian victory, which meant the exclusion of Austria from Germany. The issue was decided in Bohemia, where... |
25985d427e4751e2fecb831f4eef04d4 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Seven-Years-War/1760 | 1760 | 1760
Russia and Austria chose Silesia as the main field of operations for the campaign of 1760. On June 23 Laudon destroyed a Prussian force at Landeshut (now Kamienna Góra, Poland), and on July 26 he captured the stronghold of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland). Saltykov, from his base at Poznań, marched south to join him. F... |
dd2bb97444bb3a45899506a6802d1227 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Seven-Years-War/The-course-of-the-Seven-Years-War | The course of the Seven Years’ War | The course of the Seven Years’ War
Crossing the Saxon frontier with 70,000 Prussians on August 29, 1756, Frederick entered Dresden, the Saxon capital, on September 10. The Saxon army, numbering no more than 20,000, fell back to Pirna, in the southeast. Prussia offered assurances of its good intentions to Saxon elector ... |
aca55c3a69a05abdf8745dc1d10f3835 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Seven-Years-War/The-treaties-of-peace | The treaties of peace | The treaties of peace
Just as there had been, in theory, two wars—the Franco-British and the Austro-Prussian—so too there were two final treaties of peace. The definitive Treaty of Paris was concluded on February 10, 1763, between Great Britain, Hanover, France, and Spain, with Portugal expressly understood to be inclu... |
b699535ef75618df4223f6c13dafd82b | https://www.britannica.com/event/Seventh-Crusade | Seventh Crusade | Seventh Crusade
In June 1245, a year after the final loss of Jerusalem, Pope Innocent IV opened a great ecclesiastical council at Lyons. Although urgent appeals for help had come from the East, it is unlikely that the Crusade was uppermost in the…
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5cb3e6370843428155518b4aecd0dd93 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Sewol-sinking | Sewol sinking | Sewol sinking
…April 2014 after the ferry Sewol sank en route from Inch′ŏn (Incheon) to Cheju (Jeju) Island, resulting in the deaths of all but 172 of the nearly 500 passengers onboard, most of them high-school students. The ship had been made unstable by structural retrofitting and an excessive cargo load. Park’s…
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7d5a0a82f9586092d27f286dd2f72857 | https://www.britannica.com/event/Shenandoah-Valley-campaigns | Shenandoah Valley campaigns | Shenandoah Valley campaigns
Shenandoah Valley campaigns, (July 1861–March 1865), in the American Civil War, important military campaigns in a four-year struggle for control of the strategic Shenandoah Valley in Virginia, running roughly north and south between the Blue Ridge and the Allegheny Mountains. The South used... |
0f12dbde6878568399c3227cd10ebc6b | https://www.britannica.com/event/Siege-of-Acre-1799 | Siege of Acre | Siege of Acre
Siege of Acre, (18 March–20 May 1799). Napoleon’s unsuccessful siege of the Ottoman-controlled, walled city of Acre (today Akko in northern Israel) was his first setback in the Egyptian campaign, one of his few defeats, and marked the end of his hopes of carving out an empire in the East. More to the poi... |
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