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0bcd0c39d795edb0396e87b2020ef305 | https://www.britannica.com/place/West-Papua | West Papua | West Papua
West Papua, Indonesian Papua Barat formerly West Irian Jaya, propinsi (or provinsi; province) of Indonesia, including the Bomberai and Doberai (Vogelkop) peninsulas on the western end of the island of New Guinea and, to the west, the Raja Ampat Islands—most notably Salawati, Waigeo, Batanta, and Misool. The... |
2ad51c5ac0149350b73d2e2b7bde15fc | https://www.britannica.com/place/West-Plains | West Plains | West Plains
West Plains, city, seat (1858) of Howell county, south-central Missouri, U.S. It is situated in the Ozark Mountains, near the Arkansas state line, about 100 miles (160 km) east-southeast of Springfield. Laid out in 1858, it developed as a trade centre for a farming and livestock-raising area. During the Am... |
bd55b3c4d59453bc4d6580e3219e9f78 | https://www.britannica.com/place/West-Seneca | West Seneca | West Seneca
West Seneca, town (township), Erie county, western New York, U.S. It lies immediately southeast of Buffalo, in the lee of Lake Erie. It was settled in 1842 by the Ebenezer Society Amana colonies, a German religious sect that purchased 5,000 acres (2,000 hectares) of the Seneca Indian Reservation. The town,... |
dc046590996fee67e3511c37b84595fd | https://spartacus-educational.com/EX-AnsTEU1.htm | Poverty in Tudor England (Commentary) | Poverty in Tudor England (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Poverty in Tudor England
Q1: Source C shows two pictures of Nicholas Jennings. What does this woodcut tell us about Jennings?
A1: Source C suggests that Jennings was a wealthy man who dressed as a poor man so that he could obtain ... |
a9828532b14cc59a65320cd3248845de | https://spartacus-educational.com/EX-AnsTEU2.htm | Why did Queen Elizabeth not get married? (Commentary) | Why did Queen Elizabeth not get married? (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Why did Queen Elizabeth not get married?
Q1: Why was it very important to Parliament that Elizabeth got married and had children?
A1: Parliament wanted Elizabeth to get married and have children so that there would... |
181cf3807725e78bb15e192c4ca12b19 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EX-AnsTEU3.htm | Henry VIII (Commentary) | Henry VIII (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Henry VIII
Q1: Select a source from this unit that suggests Henry's appearance changed as he got older.
A1: Gilbert Burnet in source E claims that Henry VIII became "overgrown with fatness".
Q2: Study sources B and D. According to these writer... |
6ad721e3d65f02b2beb6c7da54b0546a | https://spartacus-educational.com/EX2WU3.htm | Classroom Activity on Alan Turing - School Student | Classroom Activity on Alan Turing - School Student
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
Alan Turing, the younger child of Julius Mathison Turing and Ethel Sara Stoney, was born in London on 23rd June, 1912. His father worked for the Indian Civil Service in... |
602653bf16145097a68a7c6885e1ad76 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Exam2WU1.htm | Classroom Activity: D-Day | Classroom Activity: D-Day
SectionsPrimary Sources Questions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin met together in Teheran, to discuss military strategy and post-war Europe, in November 1943. Ever since the Soviet Union had enter... |
23de5266358d458158276166ff433469 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXAManswerECW1.htm | Military Tactics in the English Civil War (Commentary) | Military Tactics in the English Civil War (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Military Tactics in the English Civil War
Question 1: Read the introduction and study sources 3, 5 and 8. Describe the dangers faced by musketeers on the battlefield during the English Civil War.
Answer 2: The m... |
7d8c924520891fb35ed43e83e3a38170 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXAManswerECW2.htm | Women in the English Civil War (Commentary) | Women in the English Civil War (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Women in the Civil War
Question 1: Read the introduction and look at sources 1, 3 and 6. Select the painting that might not be an accurate representation of the individual concerned.
Answer 1: Sophia of Bavaria met Henriett... |
1667885583e90152ad2cfec478f4b22f | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXAManswerIR15.htm | 1832 Reform Act and the House of Lords (Commentary) | 1832 Reform Act and the House of Lords (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: 1832 Reform Act and the House of Lords
Q1: Study source 1. Is George Cruikshank a supporter or opponent of parliamentary reform?
A1: George Cruikshank was a strong supporter of parliamentary reform. He shows MPs gai... |
da4d43d3d7cb808471b87b6ba17f788e | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXAManswerIR16.htm | Benjamin Disraeli and the 1867 Reform Act (Commentary) | Benjamin Disraeli and the 1867 Reform Act (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Benjamin Disraeli and the 1867 Reform Act
Q1: Read the introduction and study sources 1 and 7 and explain why the Liberal Party was unable to persuade the House of Commons to pass the 1866 Reform Act?
A1: Many peo... |
e25d4dd5533576791e8e96567a70012a | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXAManswerIR17.htm | William Gladstone and the 1884 Reform Act (Commentary) | William Gladstone and the 1884 Reform Act (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: William Gladstone and the 1884 Reform Act
Q1: Read the introduction and read sources 2, 3 and 14 and explain why William Gladstone and Queen Victoria were in dispute between 1880-1884.
A1: William Gladstone and Qu... |
773912ec25099ebc6e1f9099e445c7c0 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXAManswerIR18.htm | The Coal Industry: 1600-1925 (Commentary) | The Coal Industry: 1600-1925 (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: The Coal Industry: 1600-1925
Q1: Describe the differences between coal-mines in the 17th century and those in the 19th century.
A1: Most coal-mines in the 17th century were small and shallow 'bellpits'. These coal-mines were o... |
94390473b71730624ccfa3712e31ef01 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXAManswerIR19.htm | Women in the Coalmines (Commentary) | Women in the Coalmines (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Women in the Coalmines
Q1: Study source 1. Find another source in this unit that helps to explain the work that this woman is doing.
A1: The woman in source 1 is a drawer and is pulling a tub full of coal. Betty Harris describes the... |
4be0e71182bf85becbfe00d54a06ef56 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXAManswerIR20.htm | Child Labour in the Collieries (Commentary) | Child Labour in the Collieries (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Child Labour in the Collieries
Q1: Describe the different work that children did in the collieries.
A1: Children were mainly employed to transport coal (sources 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17 and 19). Children also wor... |
ac134f059b99f4f0b422d490754a998a | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXAManswerIR22.htm | The Outbreak of the 1926 General Strike (Commentary) | The Outbreak of the 1926 General Strike (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: The Outbreak of the General Strike
Q1: Study source 1. Explain how the cartoon encourages a hostile view of the mine-owner.
A1: The main objective of the cartoonist was to show that mine-owners were extremely wealth... |
bf8513d5612db66e9fdd905345e5a161 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXAManswerIR23.htm | The 1926 General Strike and the Defeat of the Miners (Commentary) | The 1926 General Strike and the Defeat of the Miners (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: The 1926 General Strike and the Defeat of the Miners
Q1: Why did people join the OMS and became Special Constables during the General Strike?
A1: People joined the OMS and became Special Constables for... |
e895475dfe3dd298d0421846d70a15c0 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXAManswerIR6.htm | The Luddites: 1775-1825 (Commentary) | The Luddites: 1775-1825 (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: The Luddites: 1775-1825
Q1: Read the introduction and study source 2. Why were local men were so unhappy with Richard Arkwright in 1779?
A1: In 1771 Richard Arkwright opened a large factory next to the River Derwent in Cromford, De... |
71d484652e88c1ef3d2ccc030aed1b5b | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamECW1.htm | Classroom Activity : Military Tactics in the English Civil War | Classroom Activity : Military Tactics in the English Civil War
SectionsPrimary Sources Questions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
The Royalist and Parliamentary armies used similar tactics and weapons during the English Civil War. Before a battle began both sides would line up facing each other. In t... |
1e208715835a8b1b9a6c8a4eb6728f81 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamECW2.htm | Classroom Activity : Women in the English Civil War | Classroom Activity : Women in the English Civil War
SectionsPrimary Sources Questions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
In 1625 Henrietta Maria married Charles I. As she was a Roman Catholic, this marriage was not very popular with the English people. The Puritans were particularly unhappy when they... |
daeeecd9ca749ccec763a7d0f4831008 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamFWWU6.htm | Sinking of the Lusitania and War Propaganda | Sinking of the Lusitania and War Propaganda
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
In February, 1915, the German government announced an unrestricted warfare campaign. This meant that any ship taking goods to Allied countries was in danger of being attacked.... |
b1f09b3a6b8503f405c6db1c3391a5e6 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamIR15.htm | 1832 Reform Act and the House of Lords (Classroom Activity) | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
1832 Reform Act and the House of Lords (Classroom Activity)
Between 1780 and 1830, the Tories were the dominant force in the House of Commons. The Tories were strongly opposed to increasing the number of people who could vote. However, in November 1830, Earl Grey, a Whig, became Prime Minister.
Earl... |
5b6ed667609814577a5cc3704156e582 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamIR16.htm | Benjamin Disraeli and the 1867 Reform Act (Classroom Activity) | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Benjamin Disraeli and the 1867 Reform Act (Classroom Activity)
In March 1860 Lord John Russell attempted to introduce a new Parliamentary Reform Act that would reduce the qualification for the franchise to £10 in the counties and £6 in towns, and effecting a redistribution of seats. Many people in t... |
6ccbec50bc1b8c7a7d65d6adffa819ed | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamIR17.htm | William Gladstone and the 1884 Reform Act (Classroom Activity) | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
William Gladstone and the 1884 Reform Act (Classroom Activity)
In The 1880 General Election was won by William Gladstone and the Liberal Party that obtained 352 seats with 54.7% of the vote. The party had gained from an increase in the number of working-class male voters. Queen Victoria and Gladston... |
8b6c2853b54893c384bb65be4c620335 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamIR18.htm | The Coal Industry in the 19th Century (Classroom Activity) | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
The Coal Industry in the 19th Century (Classroom Activity)
In the 17th century most coal was taken from small and shallow "bell pits". Pits were often on common land and run by small groups of families. These families worked in teams. Hewers used a pick or crowbar to remove the coal from the seam wh... |
2e2fa145c6149a9366bf38df709b0cfa | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamIR19.htm | Women in the Coalmines (Classroom Activity) | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Women in the Coalmines (Classroom Activity)
A serious accident in 1838 at Huskar Colliery in Silkstone, revealed that a large number of women were working underground in the mining industry. The story of the accident appeared in London newspapers and Queen Victoria put pressure on her prime minister... |
ac0c17f4ecb15c7ca7df01348c948b49 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamIR20.htm | Child Labour in the Collieries (Classroom Activity) | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Child Labour in the Collieries (Classroom Activity)
Work in coalmines was both hard and dangerous. Coal seams varied in thickness from eighteen inches in Durham to about seven feet in Yorkshire. Narrow seams meant the miners worked in very confined spaces. Where possible, pit ponies were used to car... |
bdb6ae35cdaf39b0bd7bce6500834450 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamIR22.htm | The Outbreak of the 1926 General Strike (Classroom Activity) | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
The Outbreak of the 1926 General Strike (Classroom Activity)
On 30th June 1925 the mine-owners announced that they intended to reduce the miner's wages.The following month Ernest Bevin, the general secretary of the Transport & General Workers Union (TGWU), moved a resolution at a conference of trans... |
104894c1af89ec73824b727185428c2f | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamIR23.htm | The 1926 General Strike and the Defeat of the Miners (Classroom Activity) | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
The 1926 General Strike and the Defeat of the Miners (Classroom Activity)
The General Strike began on 3rd May, 1926. Arthur Pugh, the chairman of the Trade Union Congress, was put in charge of the strike. The TUC adopted the following plan of action. To begin with they would bring out workers in the... |
bc611e29d7a0512a4d88cbcfbf51ca8b | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamRHU19.htm | Adolf Hitler and the First World War (Classroom Activity) | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Adolf Hitler and the First World War (Classroom Activity)
Adolf Hitler had refused twice to respond to letters calling him to join the Austro-Hungarian Army. However, he did attend the third call and reported to the army office in Salzburg in the summer of 1913. Hitler was bitterly upset when after ... |
d3313547195ac4427858350198cd591a | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamRHU4.htm | Classroom Activity on the Last Days of Hitler | Classroom Activity on the Last Days of Hitler
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
At the beginning of 1945 the Soviet troops entered Nazi Germany. On 16th January, Hitler moved into the Führerbunker in Berlin. He was joined by Eva Braun, Gretl Braun, Joseph Goebbels, Mag... |
08e744bf06c70f918d25e835acb28a34 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamRHU7.htm | Classroom Activity on the Hitler's Volkswagen (The People's Car) | Classroom Activity on the Hitler's Volkswagen (The People's Car)
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary
As a young man Adolf Hitler had taken a keen interest in the development of the motor car. One of his early heroes was Henry Ford, who had began production of the Model T in September, 1908. I... |
0d3427dd1b3ef6c3ca125e56f219faca | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamTEU1.htm | Classroom Activity : Poverty in Tudor England | Classroom Activity : Poverty in Tudor England
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
In Tudor England about a third of the population lived in poverty. Their suffering always increased after bad harvests. A shortage of food resulted in higher prices. This meant that poorer fami... |
2cab1e1c000ae0b7cff8bbbc9eac4e47 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamTEU2.htm | Classroom Activity on why did Queen Elizabeth not get married? | Classroom Activity on why did Queen Elizabeth not get married?
SectionsPrimary Sources Questions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
Soon after Elizabeth became queen of England, Protestants gained full control of Parliament. It now became very important to Parliament that Elizabeth should marry and produce... |
510f9cd1b7b34004b0c31a37ba91794e | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamTEU3.htm | Classroom Activity on Henry VIII | Classroom Activity on Henry VIII
SectionsPrimary Sources Questions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
Henry, the second son of Henry VII, was born in Greenwich, in 1491. Henry, who had become king in 1485, was determined that the Tudor family should rule England and Wales for a long time. To do this he... |
33d6d6ccc1a7092d38cd2b8cfbcff756 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXans2WU1.htm | Classroom Activity: D-Day (Commentary) | Classroom Activity: D-Day (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: D-Day
Q1. Read Sources A and B. How do these authors disagree about the motivations of Winston Churchill at in Teheran in November 1943? Can you give any reasons for this disagreement?
A1: Nikita Khrushchev (Source A) later expla... |
af89c741d3bf2197c0886a6efded850c | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExAnTEU10.htm | Joan Bocher - Anabaptist (Commentary) | Joan Bocher - Anabaptist (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Joan Bocher - Anabaptist
Q1 : Read the introduction. Why did the Anabaptists emerge soon after the publication of the Bible in German?
A1 : The Catholic Church attempted to stop the Bible published in languages other than Latin. A... |
a4dd049bdb8d9605b4478084f96bc256 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExAnTEU11.htm | Dissolution of the Monasteries (Commentary) | Dissolution of the Monasteries (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Dissolution of the Monasteries
Q1: Study source 1. What is Eadwine doing? Why were monks doing this task less important during the Tudor period than previous centuries?
A1: Eadwine is shown as a scribe producing the text of... |
304f68b96ddedfbc2b528b2ce2e387de | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExAnTEU4.htm | Francis Walsingham - Codes & Codebreaking (Commentary) | Francis Walsingham - Codes & Codebreaking (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Francis Walsingham - Codes & Codebreaking
Q1: Read the introduction and study source 2 and 3. Who uncovered the plot against Queen Elizabeth in 1571?
A1: Francis Walsingham
Q2: Study source 4. Why do some histori... |
cc108b4feb978fd5ed0611537f9c77b3 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExAnTEU5.htm | Mary Tudor and Heretics (Commentary) | Mary Tudor and Heretics (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Mary Tudor and Heretics
Q1: Read source 2. Why was Queen Mary known as "Bloody Mary"?
A1: Jasper Ridley points out that during the reign of Queen Mary Tudor "283 Protestant martyrs - 227 men and 56 women - were burned alive". This... |
3f36cbed91ae7ffe912b37d45a948d07 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExAnTEU6.htm | Sir Thomas More: Saint or Sinner? (Commentary) | Sir Thomas More: Saint or Sinner? (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Sir Thomas More: Saint or Sinner?
Q1: Study sources 2 and 3. Do these sources suggest that Sir Thomas More was in favour of all young girls being educated?
A1: Alison Plowden argues in Tudor Women (2002) that "More was th... |
bb9b31c72de87cd68d2d14135943541c | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExAnTEU7.htm | Hans Holbein's Art and Religious Propaganda (Commentary) | Hans Holbein's Art and Religious Propaganda (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Hans Holbein's Art and Religious Propaganda
Q1: Study sources 1, 5 and 11. Use these images to describe your impression of these three men's personalities.
A1: The answer to this question will depend on your ow... |
7c48e2d026d9db19d1cbd9d6e5e318e7 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExAnTEU8.htm | Hans Holbein and Henry VIII (Commentary) | Hans Holbein and Henry VIII (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Hans Holbein and Henry VIII
Q1: Read source 2 and explain why source 1 is so important to historians? What information is provided in source 2 to suggest that 1536 marked a change in the looks of Henry VIII?
A1: The portrait o... |
ce64a14112f51af160febfa9bf320039 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExAnTEU9.htm | 1517 Classroom Activity on Anne Askew – Burnt at the Stake (Commentary) | 1517 Classroom Activity on Anne Askew – Burnt at the Stake (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Anne Askew – Burnt at the Stake
Q1: Study source 1. Why do you think that it was painted a long time after Anne Askew's death?
A1: It was the policy of Henry VIII to destroy all portraits of peo... |
75269a30d6e309fec234114093831d43 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXCOMnormans1.htm | The Battle of Hastings (Commentary) | The Battle of Hastings (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: The Battle of Hastings
Q1: Study source 3. Select examples from the passage where the author expresses (i) facts, and (ii) opinions.
A1: A fact is something that has actually happened. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle includes several stat... |
a9243aa8090e20f8bb5fbc7c72f261ad | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXCOMnormans2.htm | William the Conqueror (Commentary) | William the Conqueror (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: William the Conqueror
Q1: (i) Select passages from this unit that praise William the Conqueror. (ii) Select passages from this unit that criticise William the Conqueror.
A1: (i) William of Poitiers claims that William the Conqueror "... |
dd2f2ff8f7101bec4d12dc1c33a4982e | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXCOMnormans3.htm | The Feudal System (Commentary) | The Feudal System (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: The Feudal System
Q1: Explain why Earl Warenne (Source 4) produced an ancient sword when he was asked by the judges to show his warrant.
A1: Earl Warenne was making the point that his ancestor (William of Warenne) had obtained the family... |
b1063b069191cd915377fdb067a62b30 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXCOMnormans4.htm | The Domesday Survey (Commentary) | The Domesday Survey (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: The Domesday Survey
Q1: We only know the names of a few people who carried out the Domesday survey. One of these was the Bishop of Durham who was in charge of the survey in the south-east of England. Why do you think William chose a n... |
d1fbc99b5b1295fa1501c9141c4fd164 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXCOMnormans5.htm | Thomas Becket and Henry II (Commentary) | Thomas Becket and Henry II (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Thomas Becket and Henry II
Q1: Give as many reasons as you can why Henry II appointed Thomas Becket as (a) chancellor; (b) archbishop of Canterbury.
A1: (a) When Henry became king he asked Archbishop Theobald for advice on choos... |
be63af42329f0012da67cbf0dc1324f5 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXCOMnormans6.htm | Why was Thomas Becket Murdered? (Commentary) | Why was Thomas Becket Murdered? (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Why was Thomas Becket Murdered?
Q1: Read the introduction and study sources 2, 3, 4 and 5. Why was Henry II angry with Thomas Becket?
A1: Henry II had become angry with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1164,... |
f968f266c2ebed355d9fdf1cb1a8392c | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXCOMnormans7.htm | Illuminated Manuscripts in the Middle Ages (Commentary) | Illuminated Manuscripts in the Middle Ages (Commentary)
This commentary is based on the classroom activity: Illuminated Manuscripts in the Middle Ages
Q1: What evidence is there in these sources that some of the illustrators were women?
A1: In source 2, Christine de Pisan points out that some manuscript artists wer... |
ad96e832218df3621c1c57c287a6dff7 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXnormans1.htm | Classroom Activity : The Battle of Hastings | Classroom Activity : The Battle of Hastings
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
In the summer of 1066 William of Normandy made preparations for the attack on England. To make sure he had enough Normans to defeat Harold of Wessex, he asked the men of Poitou, Burgundy, Bri... |
01453a6956ced3c3a8cb1f139951c01b | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXnormans2.htm | Classroom Activity : William the Conqueror | Classroom Activity : William the Conqueror
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
The Normans were in poor shape after the Battle of Hastings. However, the English forces lacked a leader. Harold of Wessex and his brothers were dead and Edgar Etheling was only a teenager.
On... |
c07f09dac88028812ee72abcf5c17a18 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXnormans3.htm | Classroom Activity : The Feudal System | Classroom Activity : The Feudal System
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
After his coronation in 1066 William the Conqueror claimed that all the land in England now belonged to him. William retained about a fifth of this land for his own use. The rest was distributed t... |
ad8f5bdbc91edecdbfc587079481449d | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXnormans4.htm | Classroom Activity : The Domesday Survey | Classroom Activity : The Domesday Survey
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
In December 1085, William the Conqueror decided to carry out a comprehensive survey of his newly acquired kingdom. There were three reasons why William decided to do this. (1) The information wo... |
39f414075160db89d6fd989bf87c03c7 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXnormans5.htm | Thomas Becket and Henry II (Classroom Activity) | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Thomas Becket and Henry II (Classroom Activity)
When Henry II became king in 1154, he asked Archbishop Theobald of Bec for advice on choosing his government ministers. On the suggestion of Theobald, Henry appointed Thomas Becket as his chancellor. Becket's job was an important one as it involved ... |
c4b2855c618d7be1f24709a7d470279b | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXnormans7.htm | Illuminated Manuscripts in the Middle Ages (Classroom Activity) | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Illuminated Manuscripts in the Middle Ages (Classroom Activity)
The the Middle Ages books often included drawings and pictures to illustrate the text. These pictures were important as many of the people who looked at the books could not read or write. In some cases the writer of the book did his or... |
3266cfbe0f8fe29d48b3823c0a3f4bed | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExTEU10.htm | Joan Bocher - Anabaptist | Joan Bocher - Anabaptist
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
Anabaptism emerged during the Protestant Reformation. It is claimed that the movement began in Germany in 1521. They had been inspired by the publication of the Bible in German. Now able to read the Bible in th... |
95fd04373b335d22e36895c084e35c8b | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExTEU11.htm | Dissolution of the Monasteries | Dissolution of the Monasteries
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
By the 16th century around two-thirds of the religious houses were small establishments. Many housed only a handful of monks and nuns had no vast estates. Most of the women's houses were like this. Only 1... |
9c64da165f8feed8397f25edeff2d60c | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExTEU12.htm | Classroom Activity on the Pilgrimage of Grace | Classroom Activity on the Pilgrimage of Grace
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
In 1535 Henry VIII began to close the monasteries in England. Most people living in the North of England were still strong supporters of the Catholic faith. The monasteries made a substantial c... |
827674da83dbc7e1f1b315127bffc8ae | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExTEU4.htm | Francis Walsingham - Codes & Codebreaking | Francis Walsingham - Codes & Codebreaking
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, her Principal Secretary, Sir Francis Walsingham, was given government money to setup Britain's first counter-intelligence network. Walsingham was given re... |
2c69054202fa591d90b57c6e2dd7b936 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExTEU5.htm | Classroom Activity on Mary Tudor and Heretics | Classroom Activity on Mary Tudor and Heretics
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
Mary Tudor became queen of England in July 1553. She was the first woman to rule England in her own right. She appointed Bishop Stephen Gardiner as her Lord Chancellor. He had been imprisoned d... |
f86da1c0b5667295b33530461acfdae7 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExTEU6.htm | Sir Thomas More - Saint or Sinner? | Sir Thomas More - Saint or Sinner?
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
In 1516 Thomas More wrote a very important book called Utopia. The book tells of a seaman who has discovered an island called Utopia ("Utopia" is Greek for "nowhere"). The people on this island live i... |
5802eb693a12eb40f8c578f058b92b67 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExTEU7.htm | Hans Holbein's Art and Religious Propaganda | Hans Holbein's Art and Religious Propaganda
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
Hans Holbein was a Roman Catholic who specialized in religious paintings. Some of his work appeared in Basel Cathedral. However, the city came under the influence of the teachings of Martin ... |
1146e07de6f2bddd758cb12c577dd722 | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExTEU8.htm | Hans Holbein and Henry VIII | Hans Holbein and Henry VIII
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
The first evidence of Hans Holbein working for the royal family is a design he made for triumphal arches for the processional route following the wedding of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn in 1533. He also de... |
4ce04a9558d24bfd081bb8fcccfeaafc | https://spartacus-educational.com/ExTEU9.htm | Anne Askew – Burnt at the Stake | Anne Askew – Burnt at the Stake
SectionsPrimary SourcesQuestions for StudentsAnswer Commentary Download Activity
Anne Askew received a good education from home tutors. When she was fifteen her family forced her to marry Thomas Kyme. Anne rebelled against her husband by refusing to adopt his surname... |
9528cd83476ad86425beedcf79e55726 | https://spartacus-educational.com/EXUSA02.htm | Women in the United States in the 1920s (Classroom Activity) | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Women in the United States in the 1920s (Classroom Activity)
Women suffragists in America mounted vigorous campaigns to gain the vote. They tended to concentrate their energies in trying to persuade state legislatures to submit to their voters amendments to state constitutions conferring full suffra... |
7351fb40ef55c015e31a3978ddddd442 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Fblackburn.htm | Blackburn Rovers : 1875 - 1914 | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Blackburn Rovers : 1875 - 1914
On 5th November 1875, two friends, John Lewis and Arthur Constantine, organized a meeting at the St Leger Hotel in Blackburn to discuss the possibility of establishing a football club in the town. Constantine had played the game while studying at Shrewsbury School. At ... |
a86feb59c60795c88c23f967c6133af1 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Fbolton.htm | Bolton Wanderers : 1874-1950 | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Bolton Wanderers : 1874-1950
In 1874 the Reverend John Farrall Wright and schoolmaster Thomas Ogden established the Christ Church Sunday School football team. The team, captained by Ogden, played at the Park Recreation Ground. In 1877 there was a dispute between Wright and Ogden and as a result a n... |
9189a68e7d56d31c8d7a9e8818113a5d | https://spartacus-educational.com/Fdeaths.htm | Deaths in Football | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Deaths in Football
Archie Hunter began playing for Aston Villa in 1878. He commented that it was not unusual for men to die as a result of playing football. He wrote: "He (Yates) caught a severe cold on the field and died within a few days. That is how so many players collapse. They play in all sort... |
b7f5542d0454d4b8dd695fb826ee8eb9 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Fderby.htm | Derby County | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Derby County
Derbyshire County Cricket Club was established in 1870. Cricket was played in the summer and in 1884 William Morley, a committee member, suggested the club formed a football club. Derby County selected the colours of amber, chocolate and light blue.
The following year Derby County took ... |
87fa6daedf446191de2fda47cecebe4f | https://spartacus-educational.com/Ffacup.htm | Football Association Challenge Cup | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Football Association Challenge Cup
In 1871, Charles W. Alcock, the Secretary of the Football Association, announced the introduction of the Football Association Challenge Cup. It was the first knockout competition of its type in the world. Only 12 clubs took part in the competition: Wanderers, Royal... |
b8061d2c7ffc81ce3f0b6ba4ca0d8a12 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Fkinnaird.htm | Arthur Kinnaird | Arthur Kinnaird
Arthur Fitzgerald Kinnaird, the son of the tenth Baron Kinnaird of Perthshire, was born on the 16th February 1847. Kinnard was educated at Eton College and at this time public schools were pioneering the game of football.
Kinnaird was an outstanding sportsman and became one of the best footballers of hi... |
64bd9efbcb187ff4c63847b02e9d0647 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Flatherston.htm | Edwin Latheron | Edwin Latheron
Edwin Gladstone Latheron was born in Grangetown in 1887. After leaving school Latheron, a gifted inside forward, played football for Grangetown in the Lancashire Combination League.
Robert Middleton, the secretary/manager of Blackburn Rovers signed Latheron, in 1906. At the time the club was playing in t... |
3b359b08dd6b8db9fa6620782e6217c5 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Fmarindin.htm | Francis Marindin | Francis Marindin
Francis Marindin was born in 1838. He attended Eton College before joining the Royal Engineers and saw active service in the Crimean War (1854-56).
Marindin was a keen footballer and played in goal for the Old Etonians. In 1869 he helped establish the Royal Engineers Football team and was a member of t... |
1876dc84ac4937f9a0deb3ec50104587 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Foldcarthusians.htm | Old Carthusians | Old Carthusians
In the 18th century football was played by most of Britain's leading public schools. There is documentary evidence that football was played at Eton as early as 1747. Westminster started two years later. Harrow, Shrewsbury, Winchester and Charterhouse had all taken up football by the 1750s.
The Football ... |
abdaee02a26dda73d14a88579938686d | https://spartacus-educational.com/Foldetonians.htm | Old Etonians | Old Etonians
In the 18th century football was played by most of Britain's leading public schools. There is documentary evidence that football was played at Eton as early as 1747.
In 1848 a meeting took place at Cambridge University to lay down the rules of football. Teachers representing Eton, Shrewsbury, Harrow, Rugby... |
86002aaab877554f03713e4919dae232 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Fprofessional.htm | Professional Football | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Professional Football
In 1871, Charles W. Alcock, the Secretary of the Football Association, announced the introduction of the Football Association Challenge Cup. It was the first knockout competition of its type in the world. It was also a competition for amateur teams. The FA prohibited the paymen... |
c7193c04c32fedf736728e4fed7f9f9d | https://spartacus-educational.com/Fracism.htm | Racism and Football: 1880-1945 | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Racism and Football: 1880-1945
There is little evidence of racism in the early days of football. The first black player to play top level football in Britain was Andrew Watson. On 12th March 1881 Watson was appointed captain of Scotland and only lost his place in the team when he decided to play hi... |
cc2906ac5c562ac412244874a6a1c574 | https://spartacus-educational.com/FRcnr.htm | Conseil National de la Resistance (CNR) | Conseil National de la Resistance (CNR)
Several important resistance groups emerged after the German occupation of France. This included Combat, Liberation, Francs-Tireur, Front National and the Comité d'Action Socialiste.
General Charles De Gaulle was keen to unite these different resistance groups under his leadershi... |
6020b7ac045db7b5f981c434a8f8ace9 | https://spartacus-educational.com/FRcommunist.htm | Communist Party | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Communist Party
The first socialist party formed in France was the Workers Party in 1880. Its first leader was Paul Lafargue, the son-in-law of Karl Marx. The party suffered from internal divisions and by 1895 had split into five different parties.
In 1900 a congress was held where socialists attemp... |
52a55cf0f0627cfd8d3b88a22e813ce8 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Frederick_Truby_King.htm | Frederic Truby King | Frederic Truby King
SectionsFrederic Truby King and Seacliff Lunatic AsylumFeeding and Care of Baby (1908) Final Years Primary SourcesStudent ActivitiesReferences
Frederic Truby King, the fifth of the seven children of Thomas King, a bank manager and his wife, Mary Chilman, was born at Mangorei farmstead, near New Plym... |
edf57359daa8c86799654e9a2702e491 | https://spartacus-educational.com/FRguesde.htm | Jules Guesde | Jules Guesde
Jules Guesde was born in Paris, France, on 12th November, 1845. A journalist, he developed radical political views and in 1877 founded the socialist weekly journal, L'Egalité.
In 1880 Guesde joined Paul Lafargue, the son-in-law of Karl Marx, to establish the Workers Party and in 1893 he was elected to the... |
7535574c9424a9fce2a4361140d943a6 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Frieda_Fromm-Reichmann.htm | Frieda Fromm-Reichmann | Frieda Fromm-Reichmann
SectionsPrimary SourcesStudent ActivitiesReferences
Frieda Reichmann, the daughter of Adolf and Klara Reichmann, was born in Karlsruhe, Germany, on 23rd October, 1889. She was the oldest of three daughters. Her father was a successful businessman and her mother was part of a group that establishe... |
561bdd3f2e42cb060fe87b4f9b82179e | https://spartacus-educational.com/Friedrich_Adler.htm | Friedrich Adler | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Friedrich Adler
Friedrich Wolfgang Adler, the son of Victor Adler, was born on 9th July, 1879. He studied chemistry, physics and mathematics in Zurich. During this period he became a close friend of Albert Einstein.
Adler was a member of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) and from 1907 was... |
692fa43e72f89b49798794b0dc54a21f | https://spartacus-educational.com/FRmilitary.htm | French Military Leaders | French Military Leaders
French Military LeadersAntoine BethouartGaston Billotte Noel de Castlenau Jean-Francois Darlan Auguste Dubail Ferdinand Foch Joseph Gallieni Maurice GamelinCharles De GaulleAlphonse GeorgesHenri Giraud Marie Guillaumat Joseph Joffre Alphonse JuinPierre KoenigJean-Maarie de LattrePhilippe Lecler... |
971997ec8945514b89dd295019cdf603 | https://spartacus-educational.com/FRmillerand.htm | Alexandre Millerand | Alexandre Millerand
Alexandre Millerand, was born in Paris, France, on 10th February, 1859. After graduation he became a lawyer where he developed radical political views.
Millerand, now a socialist, was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1885. Millerand was leader of the Independent Socialist group and also edited ... |
f7367b8931aab9f5d67b8d4713f04c17 | https://spartacus-educational.com/FRpol39.htm | French Politicial Figures: 1920-50 | French Politicial Figures: 1920-50
French Politicial Figures: 1920-50Georges BidaultLeon BlumPierre BrossoletteEdouard DaladierJean-Francois DarlanJoseph DarnandJean DecouxJacques DuclosCharles De GaulleCharles DelestraintPaul FaureHenri GiraudEdouard HerriotPierre LavalAlbert LebrunJean-Pierre LévyGeorge MandelAndré M... |
1ce10b7c2271ab78b5f0bd38ed2ae9aa | https://spartacus-educational.com/FRpol45.htm | French Political Leaders: 1945-70 | French Political Leaders: 1945-70
French Political Leaders: 1945-70Antoine BethouartGeorges BidaultLeon BlumGeorges CatrouxEdouard DaladierCharles De GaulleJacques DuclosEdgar FaureHenri GiraudEdouard HerriotPierre KoenigAndré MartyDaniel MayerAndré MalrauxPierre Mendes-FranceFrancois MitterrandJean MonnetPaul ReynaudR... |
1d55207b8837e901279facbc8a7ff1f6 | https://spartacus-educational.com/FRpopular.htm | Popular Front | Popular Front
Concerned by the emergence of Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany, a group of left-wing politicians, led by Leon Blum, Edouard Daladier, Maurice Thorez, Edouard Herriot, Daniel Mayer formed the Popular Front in 1934. Parties involved in the agreement included the Communist Party, the Socialist Party and the Radi... |
ee501f12f3507ea7ee8a92c9bdb549b8 | https://spartacus-educational.com/FRresist.htm | French Resistance Index | French Resistance Index
The French ResistanceLucie Aubrac Raymond Aubrac Emmanuel d'Astier Simone de BeavoirMarc Bloch Georges BidaultPierre Brossolette Albert Camus Marie Louise Dissard Jacques Duclos Marguerite Duras Charles DelestraintAndre DewavrinPierre Fabien Marie-Madeleine Fourcade Henry Frenay George Groussard... |
c829d1507288fef29c03905da9539c16 | https://spartacus-educational.com/FRvaillant.htm | Edouard-Marie Vaillant | Edouard-Marie Vaillant
Edouard-Marie Vaillant was born in Vierzon, France, on 28th January, 1840. Originally educated as an engineer he later studied medicine in Paris, Heidelburg and Vienna.
On his return to France he advocated socialism and in 1871 participated in the Paris insurrection in March, 1871. After the defe... |
34559fc54315e4ec72dd8dc3fac8702d | https://spartacus-educational.com/Fsfa.htm | Scottish Football Association | Scottish Football Association
The Scottish Football Association (SFA) was founded at a meeting held at Dewar's Hotel in Glasgow on 13th March 1873. Clubs represented at this meeting included Queen's Park, Clydesdale, Dumbreck, Eastern Granville, Third Lanark and Vale of Leven. Archibald Campbell (Clydesdale) was electe... |
85559b666378d31b0d625c73eb8bded9 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Fsudell.htm | William Sudell | William Sudell
William Sudell the manager of a local factory, became the secretary of Preston North End. Sudell decided to improve the quality of the team by importing top players from other areas. This included several players from Scotland.
Over the next few years players such as John Goodall, Jimmy Ross, Nick Ross, ... |
50ad14b684d4c71a0478ab39220d2fbc | https://spartacus-educational.com/Fsunderland.htm | Sunderland Football Club : 1879-1939 | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Sunderland Football Club : 1879-1939
James Allan arrived in Sunderland from Scotland to teach at Hendon Board School in 1877. He had developed an interest in football while at Glasgow University but discovered that rugby was the predominant winter team sport in the North-East. As Roger Hutchinson po... |
94427d8b9ae9367e8e9683063cf53823 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Fwales.htm | Football in Wales | Football in Wales
Football was played in Wales in the early Middle Ages. According to George Owen (c. 1550) in Wales football was slightly different from the game played in England: "There is a round ball prepared... so that a man may hold it in his hand... The ball is made of wood and boiled in tallow to make it slipp... |
9966d2da1775c151130210f3e6ae6469 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Fwba.htm | West Bromwich Albion: 1879-1900 | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
West Bromwich Albion: 1879-1900
The West Bromwich Strollers club was formed in 1879 by a group of young men from the Salter's Spring Factory in West Bromwich. Initially they played cricket at Dartmouth Park but in 1882 they decided to form the West Bromwich Albion football club. That year they moved... |
7b4fc5671844c886c4f2806be03b5d4e | https://spartacus-educational.com/Fwomen.htm | History of Women's Football | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
History of Women's Football
Scotland seems to be the first country in the world to encourage women to play football. In the 18th century football was linked to local marriage customs in the Highlands. Single women would play football games against married women. Single men would watch these games an... |
fdc862f7e80e476b204bbd9b2dd767ea | https://spartacus-educational.com/FWWa7v.htm | Schwerer Kampfwagen A7V | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Schwerer Kampfwagen A7V
After British tanks went into action on 15th September, 1916, the German Army immediately demanded their own landships. The German High Command appointed a committee composed of experts from leading engineering companies. Josef Vollmer was eventually chosen to design the Germ... |
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