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id stringlengths 32 32	url stringlengths 31 1.58k	title stringlengths 0 1.02k	contents stringlengths 92 1.17M
442fe7a97bafd4d06a614148b292278f	https://spartacus-educational.com/Wmartel.htm	Nellie Martel	Nellie Martel Ellen (Nellie) Charleston, the daughter of John Charleston, was born on 30th September 1855 at Saint Agnes, Cornwall. She was the seventh of thirteen children. She moved to Australia and on 4th April 1885, she married Nellie Martel, a widower from Guernsey. He was a photographer but later became a propert...
7bebea544f83c48b092e1ebf1f1e1ebb	https://spartacus-educational.com/Wmunitions.htm	Munitionettes	Munitionettes In the early stages of the First World War the British munitions industry had great difficulty producing the weapons and ammunition needed by the armed forces. In 1915 the government passed the Munitions of War Act that gave it the power to take direct control of the industry. David Lloyd George, Minister...
84d9750dd89abd8a80d53b05c0acd753	https://spartacus-educational.com/women.htm	Votes for Women	Votes for Women Women in the 19th Century Suffrage Strategy & Tactics Women's Suffrage Journals Male Campaigners Suffrage Pressure Groups Parliamentary Reform Acts Women in the 19th Century Schooling University Education Birth Control Marriage Careers & Professions Industrial Work Suffrage Strategy & Tactics Parliamen...
35c3881ff57ca947dd3611b9780f562e	https://spartacus-educational.com/WomensHistoryIndex.htm	Women's History Index	Women's History Index Women's History Index Campaigners for Social & Political Change in the UK Campaigners for Social & Political Change in Europe 100 Inspirational British Women Inspirational Women in the USA Women in Medicine Women Journalists Female Secret Agents Women's History Month Women in the 1...
eeed2573a6aff06e7e5f8544eb3607b7	https://spartacus-educational.com/Wradclyffe.htm	Radclyffe Hall	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Radclyffe Hall Marguerite Antonia Radclyffe-Hall, the second child of Radclyffe Radclyffe-Hall (1846–1898) and Mary Jane Sager (1854–1945) was born on 12th August 1880 at West Cliff, Bournemouth. The death of her elder sister in infancy left her as an only child. Her parents divorced in 1883. Accord...
51f8bea67bb661d0b81e4f07208bf403	https://spartacus-educational.com/WRjoyce.htm	James Joyce	James Joyce James Joyce was born in Dublin in 1882. Educated at Jesuit schools he studied modern languages at University College. While still at university Joyce had an article on Ibsen published in the Fortnightly Review. He also become friendly with other literary figures in the city including J. M. Synge and W. B. Y...
721955b99bae154c594d359011c1f076	https://spartacus-educational.com/Wsharp.htm	Evelyn Sharp	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Evelyn Sharp Evelyn Sharp, the ninth of eleven children, was born on 4th August 1869. Her father, James Sharp, was a slate merchant. Her brother, Cecil Sharp (1859-1924), later gained fame as the leader of the folk-dance revival. Evelyn only had a couple of years of conventional schooling, but succe...
9bf80bcb11a301cf4f7131a466f06113	https://spartacus-educational.com/WsheepshanksM.htm	Mary Sheepshanks	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Mary Sheepshanks Mary Sheepshanks, was born on 25th October 1872 at Bilton vicarage, near Harrogate, North Yorkshire, the second of the thirteen surviving children of John Sheepshanks and his wife, Margaret Ryott. Her father, was later to become Bishop of Norwich. Margaret Sheepshanks had seventeen ...
27b5d69a11a313d74246aa6a597e2a2b	https://spartacus-educational.com/WstephenJ.htm	Jessie Stephen	Jessie Stephen Jessie Stephen, the eldest of eleven children of Alexander Stephen, tailor, and his wife, Jane Miller, was born on 19th April 1893 in Marylebone, London. When she was a child her family moved to Edinburgh. Later, they settled in Dunfermline. In 1901 her father found work for the Co-operative Society in G...
5bb4357150e1766815e5a43abcaa04c5	https://spartacus-educational.com/Wuniversity.htm	Women & University Education	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Women & University Education At the beginning of the 20th century it was very difficult for women to obtain a university education. In 1870 Emily Davies and Barbara Bodichon helped to set up Girton College, the first university college for women, but it was not recognised by the university authoriti...
61d59b83a3247f8a6069e8d50490f585	https://spartacus-educational.com/WvotesM.htm	Votes for Women	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Votes for Women The Women Social & Political Union established its own newspaper, Votes for Women, in October 1907. Its first editors were the husband and wife team of Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence and Frederick Pethick-Lawrence. The newspaper was printed by the St. Clement's Press. It was originally a ...
0ff316b965208f8cbdafd5c8f01b487a	https://spartacus-educational.com/Wward.htm	Mary Humphry Ward	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Mary Humphry Ward Mary Augusta Arnold, the grand-daughter of Dr. Thomas Arnold, was born in Hobart, Tasmania in 1851. The daughter of Tom Arnold, a professor of literature, two of her uncles were Matthew Arnold and William Forster. Mary returned to England with her family in 1856 and was brought up ...
90b9f3ed362f2df44f895ff8597b23d6	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWarikara.htm	Arikaras	Arikaras The Arikaras are closely related to the Pawnees. The names comes from the word pariki (horn). The Arikaras, like the Pawnees, had a special way of preparing the scalp lock by dressing it with buffalo fat until it stood erect and curved backward like a horn. They were mainly farmers and raised crops of corn, be...
3b2446a65fe518917b7c7bec30a1abee	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWbeaver.htm	Beaver	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Beaver A beaver was a river rodent. Fully grown it weighed around forty pounds. During the 1820s there was a great demand for beaver fur for hats and coats in America and Europe. It is estimated that at this time there were around 600 Mountain Men involved in trapping these animals in the Rocky Moun...
b007e3c34a6ebb5695ac17edf5f20688	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWbeckwourth.htm	Jim Beckwourth	Jim Beckwourth James Beckwourth, a mulatto, was born at Fredericksburg, Virginia, on 26th April, 1798. When he was a child his family moved to St. Charles, Missouri. Beckwourth became a blacksmith but on 13th February, 1822, William Ashley placed an advertisement in the Missouri Gazette and Public Adviser where he cal...
0f85c9fb49f78695e192d9a335c3004d	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWbonneville.htm	Benjamin Bonneville	Benjamin Bonneville Benjamin Bonneville was born in Paris, France, on 14th April, 1796. His family emigrated to America in 1803 and Bonneville was educated at West Point. In 1832 Bonneville was granted leave from the army to "gather data on the topography of the region west of the Rockies and the north of Mexico". He s...
ac7bc564434e7930fdcaba0690cbfbde	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWbridgerJ.htm	James Bridger	James Bridger James Bridger was born at Richmond, Virginia, on 17th March, 1804. At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to a blacksmith in St. Louis. On 13th February, 1822, William Ashley placed an advertisement in the Missouri Gazette and Public Adviser where he called for 100 enterprising men to "ascend the river Misso...
31e41348a9bdb51168a88289055b2c68	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWcomanche.htm	Comanche	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Comanche The Comanche were an offshoot of the Shoshone of Wyoming. They first gained their horses from the Spanish and eventually they gained the name the "Lords of the Plains". They developed very good riding skills and expert buffalo hunters. The Comanche used these riding skills in warfare. Soldi...
14cd9ca57d9d2f74d87d4b5c8b11dbd0	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWfur.htm	American Fur Company	▼ Primary Sources ▼ American Fur Company In 1786 the German immigrant, John Jacob Astor, established a business buying furs from Native American trappers at the mouth of the Columbia River in Washington. The venture was a great success and he was soon employing a large number of men at his trading post. Astor establish...
d49be50136b3c032785e1d98fb003b33	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWglass.htm	Hugh Glass	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Hugh Glass Hugh Glass was born in about 1800. Little is known of his early life except that his family originally came from Ireland and that he was probably captured by Pawnee Indians when he was a young man. On 13th February, 1822, William Ashley placed an advertisement in the Missouri Gazette and ...
cc47bf457c2f607b5c9e3611ac7c7df0	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWjohnsonA.htm	Andrew Jackson	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson was born in Waxhaw, South Carolina, in 1767. His father died before he was born. His mother and two brothers also died and by the age of 14 Jackson was the only member of his family left alive. Jackson studied law at Salisbury, North Carolina and started work as a lawye...
f459afd4483ca803daf2f0605d1f0fe3	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWlincolnwar.htm	Lincoln County War	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Lincoln County War After the American Civil War the former soldier, James Dolan moved to Lincoln County where he was employed as a clerk by Lawrence Murphy. In 1874 the two men became business partners and established the Murphy & Dolan mercantile and banking operation. John H. Riley, another Irish ...
791bf7af351180dd1ccf93fbc3d15bcd	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWmerwether.htm	Meriwether Lewis	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Meriwether Lewis Meriwether Lewis was born in Ivy, Virginia on 18th August, 1774. Lewis received a good education from private tutors. After the death of his father, his mother remarried, and the family moved to Georgia. In 1792 Lewis returned home to manage his mother's estate in Virginia. During t...
8ab69fda82d2f724d1328a2a1f88cf61	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWmormons.htm	Mormons	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Mormons On 22nd September, 1827, Joseph Smith claimed that an angel, Moroni, had directed him to a collection of engraved golden tablets that had been buried in a hill near Palmyra, New York. Smith argued that a prophet named Mormon had produced the tablets over a thousand years ago. The tablets con...
47de640bcaa3baf0f8b89b15554dfbfc	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWmountainM.htm	Mountain Lion	Mountain Lion The mountain lion, also known as the puma, panther or cougar, grows to more than 8 feet long and generally weigh between 130 and 150 pounds. Adult females can be 7 feet long and weigh between 65 and 90 pounds. It feeds on deer, elk, bighorn sheep and horses. However, it rarely makes unprovoked attacks on ...
83b704b53cfa139a9868268e0d4cf5a8	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWorgegonT.htm	Oregon Trail	Oregon Trail The route from the Missouri River to the Columbia River became known as the Oregon Trail. Part of this trail was covered by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in 1805. Later it was used by mountain men and fur traders. In the 1830s some American politicians began to argue that the United States should abso...
91943a0c0e4bfbe60d2017b3e8877622	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWpeppin.htm	George Peppin	George Peppin George Peppin was born at Mountsville, Vermont, October 1841. He enlisted in the 5th Infantry California Volunteers in 1861. After the American Civil War he moved to Lincoln County where he worked as a stone mason. In 1874 James Dolan and Lawrence Murphy became business partners and established the Murphy...
04f3f66e5ffaf4c187f78c1f481124f8	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWrangers.htm	Texas Rangers	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Texas Rangers In 1822 Stephen Austin established the first legal Anglo-American colony in Texas. Austin hired a band of horsemen to range over the country to scout the movements of hostile Native Americans. In 1835 this band of men became known as the Texas Rangers. They wore no uniform, never drill...
3b7c957c0edbb057a9a41b1df4809bf8	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWrockymountains.htm	Rocky Mountains	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains in North America extends from New Mexico to Alaska. This includes the Bitterfoot Range in Idaho, the Teton Range in Wyoming, the Coeur d'Alene Mountains in Montana, the Gallantine Range, the Absaroka Range and the Bighorn Range in Montana and Wyoming, the Wasatch ...
3d08ae44bb162e240572a2a65ebc4640	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWsierra.htm	Sierra Nevada	Sierra Nevada The Sierra Nevada is a great mountain range in easternCalifornia that had to be crossed by the wagon trains on the California Trail. The two main routes across the Sierras was the Carson Pass and the Donner Pass. The Sierra Nevada (Spanish for Snowy Range) goes from Tehachapi Pass in the south to the Feat...
27980d77c1f9c4c3972d11f9f9ad997e	https://spartacus-educational.com/Wwspu.htm	Women's Social & Political Union (Suffragettes)	Women's Social & Political Union (Suffragettes) SectionsWomen's Social and Political Union1906 Liberal Government Hunger Strikes The Conciliation BillArson Campaign The Great ScourgeDecline of the WSPUFirst World War Primary SourcesStudent ActivitiesReferences On 27th February 1900, representatives of all the socialist...
b0c0b42527144dfd93ee9cf76a1cf7dd	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWvancouver.htm	Fort Vancouver	Fort Vancouver Fort Vancouver was established where the River Columbia met the Pacific Ocean. Built by the Hudson's Bay Company in 1825 it was an important trading post for the fur trade. It eventually became the administrative headquarters and main supply depot for the Hudson's Bay Company's fur trading operations. Jo...
4d14afeb5c5c0be2e7a8f00931878d84	https://spartacus-educational.com/WWyellowstone.htm	Yellowstone	▼ Primary Sources ▼ Yellowstone In 1807 John Colter and two companions, Joseph Dickson and Forrest Hancock, were trapping beaver along the Yellowstone river in Wyoming. The party came across a wilderness that included high waterfalls, deep canyons, hot springs and geysers. Colter reported what he had found to William C...
e544545aad33d4b6fa33023a1d39f3fb	https://spartacus-educational.com/Yakov_Peters.htm	Yakov Peters	Yakov Peters SectionsThe Houndsditch Murders The Death of George GardsteinThe Hunt for Fritz Svaars and Peter the Painter The Siege of Sidney Street Houndsditch Murder TrialRussian Revolution ChekaRed Terror Arrest of Robert Bruce Lockhart Chief of Internal DefenceOGPUPrimary Sources Yakov Peters was born into poverty ...
d380d508b1e8fd8ecff66f7cc406a541	https://spartacus-educational.com/YALDballJ.htm	John Ball	John Ball SectionsJohn Ball and John WycliffeWandering Preacher Statute of Labourers ActThe Poll Tax The Peasants' RevoltDeath of Wat Tyler and John Ball Primary SourcesStudent ActivitiesReferences John Ball was born in St Albans in about 1340. Twenty years later he was working as a priest in York. He eventually became...
88962121355a6101c17a09f76d06f16b	https://spartacus-educational.com/YALDdifferentiation.htm	Medieval Village Project: Differentiation	Medieval Village Project: Differentiation In the Handbook for the Inspection of Schools published by OFSTED, differentiation is defined as "The matching of work to the differing capabilities of individuals or groups of pupils in order to extend their learning." Whether a class is setted or mixed ability, it will have a...
47476ab288b6f1c8746293521517116c	https://spartacus-educational.com/yalding.htm	Yalding: Medieval Village Project KS3	Yalding: Medieval Village Project KS3 Introduction Differentiation Lesson Commentary: The Norman Conquest Lesson Commentary: The Medieval Village Resources: The Norman Conquest Resources: The Medieval Village Yalding Manor Records Teacher Resources
04d0374f1bb8d3731213c4ce63fe9736	https://ehistory.osu.edu/books/official-records/070/0502	War of the Rebellion: Serial 070 Page 0502 OPERATIONS IN N.VA., W.VA., MD., AND PA. Chapter XLIX.	War of the Rebellion: Serial 070 Page 0502 OPERATIONS IN N.VA., W.VA., MD., AND PA. Chapter XLIX. with his force is between New Market and Mount Jackson, and his cavalry between Mount Jackson and Woodstock, scouting in this direction. They are constructing a bridge across the Shenandoah near Mount Jackson. Our advance ...
7b6b1c3d1318391304eed5fd8d345da4	https://ehistory.osu.edu/books/official-records/070/0504	War of the Rebellion: Serial 070 Page 0504 OPERATIONS IN N.VA., W.VA., MD., AND PA. Chapter XLIX.	War of the Rebellion: Serial 070 Page 0504 OPERATIONS IN N.VA., W.VA., MD., AND PA. Chapter XLIX. HEADQUARTERS, Harper's Ferry, May 20, 1864. Brigadier General B. F. KELLEY: By order from the War Department the Remount Camp at Pleasant Valley has been broken up, and the men sent to Washington. They left last night. Two...
b3902ec3f2e1fad23e833b8828eefcde	https://ehistory.osu.edu/books/official-records/070/0558	War of the Rebellion: Serial 070 Page 0558 OPERATIONS IN N.VA., W.VA., MD., AND PA. Chapter XLIX.	War of the Rebellion: Serial 070 Page 0558 OPERATIONS IN N.VA., W.VA., MD., AND PA. Chapter XLIX. command believed the reports of excited and affrighted citizens instead of relying on information which he should have had from his own scouts and patrols. I expect reliable information during the day. B. F. KELLEY, Brigad...