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7e5eb9c7ed314fc91f6340af64ef51b4 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAnearing.htm | Scott Nearing | Scott Nearing
Scott Nearing was born in Morris Run, Pennsylvania, on 6th August, 1883. While at the University of Pennsylvania, Nearing became a socialist and pacifist.
He graduated in 1909 and worked as a university lecturer but was fired from the University of Pennsylvania (1915) and Toledo University (1917) for his ... |
acff6b9791533a78e7953086bb46fc78 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAnewyork.htm | New York City | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
New York City
The New York area was first discovered by the Europeans when Henry Hudson, the English captain of the Dutch East India Company vessel De Halve Maen, laid anchor at Sandy Hook, before sailing up what is now known as the Hudson River.
In 1614 Dutch merchants established a trading post at... |
660dbae58eb36a7fb23e867e6f7de6cc | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAnytimes.htm | New York Times | New York Times
The New York Times was established in 1851. The main objective of the newspaper was to report the news in a restrained and objective fashion. It enjoyed early success by appealing to a cultured, intellectual readership instead of a mass audience.
In 1871 the New York Times joined with Thomas Nast and Har... |
3d28552c31f9f5f7e6f4316a1044fc05 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAorchard.htm | Harry Orchard | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Harry Orchard
Harry Orchard was born in Ontario in 1867. Orchard worked on his father's farm before leaving to find work in the United States.
In 1899 Orchard was working as a miner in Burke, Idaho. At that time Idaho was hit by a series of industrial disputes. The governor, Frank Steunenberg, took ... |
4fe80e27a408c6e1355e7845da13ba83 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAoutcault.htm | Richard Outcault | Richard Outcault
Richard Felton Outcault was born in Lancaster, Ohio on 14th January, 1863. After studying art in Cincinnati and Paris, Outcault began contributing drawings to humorous magazines such as Judge.
Two years after Joseph Pulitzer purchased New York World in 1883, he recruited Outcault as one of his artists.... |
c0280abdbfa182883c7e3c65dc593a38 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USApaterson.htm | The 1913 Paterson Strike | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
The 1913 Paterson Strike
Paterson, New Jersey, was known as the "Silk City of America". More than one-third of its 73,000 workers held jobs in the silk industry. High-speed automatic looms were introduced into the factories at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1911 silk manufacturers in Paterson... |
97b39df7c7cd84e6d6319bdfbddc6d81 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAphiladelphia.htm | Philadelphia | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Philadelphia
Philadelphia, situated at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, was settled in 1681 by William Markham, who was leading a group of colonists sent by William Penn. Philadelphia grew rapidly and within four years had a population of 7,000.
In the 18th century two Continent... |
4ece06ac1c952cdf3732175a708aed02 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USApinkertonD.htm | Pinkerton Detective Agency | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Pinkerton Detective Agency
Allan Pinkerton, a deputy-sheriff in Chicago, formed the Pinkerton Detective Agency in 1852. The first detective agency in the United States, it solved a series of train robberies. In 1861 the agency was given the task of guarding Abraham Lincoln. While in Baltimore, while... |
f4b7bb4d26a7429d71310d283b908db3 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USApolitical.htm | American Political Figures and Parties U.S.A. | American Political Figures and Parties U.S.A.
Political Figures: 1760-1900 Political Figures: 1900-1945 Political Figures: 1945-1980 Political Parties Unions and Pressure Groups
Political Figures: 1760-1900John AdamsJohn Quincy AdamsNelson W. AldrichJohn P. AltgeldSusan AnthonyChester ArthurJames AshleyStephen AustinEd... |
0c0b8fb0ec22de083ab7390c40c0db74 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USApolk.htm | James Polk | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
James Polk
James Polk, the son of a farmer, was born in Mecklenburg, North Carolina, on 2nd November, 1795. When Polk was a child the family moved to Tennessee. Although he suffered from poor health, Polk managed to attend and graduate from the University of North Carolina.
Polk was admitted to the ... |
b9f18d04725b49c7a967ccd8d5a507ee | https://spartacus-educational.com/USApowersC.htm | Caleb Powers | Caleb Powers
Caleb Powers was born in Williamsburg, Kentucky, on 1st February, 1869. He studied at the University of Kentucky and Valparaiso University before attending West Point Military Academy (1890-91).
Admitted to the bar in 1894, Powers worked as a lawyer in Barbourville, Kentucky. A member of the Republican Par... |
31f869c1c0581cebadc9598480bca278 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAprogressive.htm | Progressive Party | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Progressive Party
In 1912 a group of former Republican Party members formed the Progressive Party. Theodore Roosevelt and Hiram Johnson became the party's candidates the 1912 presidential election. His proposed program included women's suffrage, direct election of senators, anti-trust legislation an... |
9be4a4655d4eb3d8ea06c940bc4bf79f | https://spartacus-educational.com/USARagriculture.htm | Agricultural Adjustment Act | Agricultural Adjustment Act
SectionsAgriculture in the 1920s The Great Depression Agricultural Adjustment ActHenry A. Wallace George N. Peek and Chester R. Davis Primary SourcesStudent ActivitiesReferences
On 6th April, 1917, America joined the First World War against Germany. President Woodrow Wilson appointed Herber... |
a318880b7e3533fc3ef1cfb997477ee6 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USArainer.htm | Luise Rainer | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Luise Rainer
Luise Rainer was born into a Jewish family in Dusseldorf, Germany, on 12th January 1910. She was discovered by Max Reinhardt in 1926 and became part of his theatre company in Vienna. Rainer was only a teenager when she made her first film. This was followed by Sehnsucht (1932), Madame h... |
94fc6c321fce0b7d3a77db7a3685169b | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAredC.htm | Red Channels | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Red Channels
In its first three years of investigating the entertainment industry the House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) managed to get a large number of people blacklisted for their political views. This included Herbert Biberman, Lester Cole, Albert Maltz, Adrian Scott, Samuel Ornitz... |
03827a320b693f49428f27c571d2debe | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAreuther.htm | Walter Reuther | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Walter Reuther
Walter Reuther, the son of a trade union and socialist activist, was born in Wheeling, West Virginia, on 1st September, 1907. At sixteen he became an apprentice tool and die maker and three years later moved to Detroit.
In 1929 Reuther enrolled at Detroit City College to study law. He... |
4ac1212dd7f47fc407b19578acdc2164 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USARhopkins.htm | Harry L. Hopkins | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Harry L. Hopkins
Harry Lloyd Hopkins was born in Sioux City, Iowa, on 17th August, 1890. After graduating from Grinnell College in 1912 he became a social worker in New York City. He was also active in the Democratic Party and a strong supporter of Alfred Smith.
In 1931 Franklin D. Roosevelt appoint... |
f8ca602462ac40b2fb8d4cd5ad3a380e | https://spartacus-educational.com/USARmorgenthau.htm | Henry Morgenthau | Henry Morgenthau
Henry Morgenthau was born in New York on 11th May, 1891. After studying at Cornell University, he published an edited the farm journal, American Agriculturist (1922-1933). Morgenthau was a close friend of Franklin D. Roosevelt and a fellow member of the Democratic Party, helped him in his numerous poli... |
43a104e341bb4ea11fc7e02c2e0b9bd4 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USARnlra.htm | National Labor Relations Act | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
National Labor Relations Act
Although people in the United States had the right to be members of trade unions and to withdraw their labour during industrial disputes, employers also had the right to dismiss employees because they had joined unions or had gone on strike. During the economic depressio... |
08a29f7c1e55af437436f4ab69fb15f9 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USArockefeller.htm | John D. Rockefeller | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
John D. Rockefeller
John Davidson Rockefeller was born in Richford, New York in 1839. He attended the Cleveland Central High School and at 16 he became a clerk in a commission house. Determined to work for himself, Rockefeller saved all the money he could and in 1850 went into business with a young ... |
240194de79416edb75a32ef5dc83ce6d | https://spartacus-educational.com/USArooseveltF.htm | Franklin D. Roosevelt | Franklin D. Roosevelt
SectionsFranklin and Eleanor RooseveltNew York State SenateAssistant Secretary of the NavyLucy Mercer1920 Presidential Election PoliomyelitisGovernor of New York Wall Street Crash Presidential CampaignThe Death of Anton Cermak Banking CrisisAgricultural Adjustment ActCivilian Conservation CorpsNat... |
d86ff3a763f5b317088abfc177277ed7 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USArooseveltT.htm | Theodore Roosevelt | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt was born in New York City in 1858. He studied at Harvard University and Columbia University Law School (1880-81). The following year he was elected to the New York State legislature (1882-84) where he developed a reputation as an honest politician opposed to cor... |
fabab6f3e3ec03d1dcc096e1f1af15c4 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USArosenbergT.htm | The Trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg | The Trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
SectionsDavid Greenglass Arrest of RosenbergTrial of Julius Rosenberg Testimony: Ruth GreenglassTestimony: Harry GoldTestimony: Elizabeth BentleyTestimony: Julius RosenbergTestimony: Ethel RosenbergSummations & VerdictResponse to the Conviction Pleas for ClemencyExecution of Juli... |
d1c0005ad93a0bfd1d0452d52795e43e | https://spartacus-educational.com/USARwagner.htm | Robert F. Wagner | Robert F. Wagner
SectionsPrimary SourcesStudent Activities
Robert Ferdinand Wagner, the youngest of nine children, was born in Hesse-Nassau, Germany, on 8th June, 1877. His family emigrated to the United States in 1885 and settled in New York City. Wagner was unable to speak English when he started school but he was a ... |
bedae42e77d46944c85b63a6f68d5a92 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USARwpa.htm | Works Projects Administration | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Works Projects Administration
When Franklin D. Roosevelt became president he put his friend, Harry Hopkins, in charge of the Works Projects Administration (WPA). The purpose of the WPA was to give wages to people currently unemployed. By 1936 over 3.5 million people were employed on various WPA prog... |
de7831bb1d9c5257130ef5d0f82ffe50 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USASallen.htm | Richard Allen | Richard Allen
Richard Allen was born to slave parents in Philadelphia on 14th February, 1760. He was sold to a farmer in Delaware and in 1777 became a Methodist convert.
His master allowed him to preach in public and in 1786 he purchased his freedom and moved to Philadelphia where he conducted prayer meetings for black... |
d7a3800c15c8b43073f524206e20b60a | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAsaltlake.htm | Salt Lake City | Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City is situated on the Jordan River and near the Great Salt Lake. The settlement was founded in 1847 by Brigham Young as the capital of the Mormon community.
The largest city in Utah, Salt lake's major industries include food processing, oil refining, iron smelting and the production of electr... |
b5461030c70de6e90e7e108f3cf105bd | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAsam_rosenman.htm | Samuel Rosenman | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Samuel Rosenman
Samuel Irving Rosenman, the son of Solomon and Ethel Rosenman, was born in San Antonio, Texas, in 1896. His parents were both Russian-Jewish immigrants. When he was eight years old, his family moved to New York City where he attended Manhattan public schools.
Rosenman left his univer... |
226b966d639d89670b92e75fab1b2f83 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAsandiego.htm | San Diego | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
San Diego
It is believed that people from north-east Asia migrated to America about 12,000 years ago. These people separated into groups that chose different areas to settle. The Kumeyaay were the dominant group in the San Diego area. They belonged to a larger linguistic group known as the Yuma.
In ... |
e7f42a6d2f10ecca6be51b36b4c8b723 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAsaturday.htm | Saturday Evening Post | Saturday Evening Post
The first edition of the Saturday Evening Post was published by Atkinson & Alexander on 4th August, 1821. Initially it was four page newspaper with no illustrations. Although the owners described it as a newspaper, the editor promised that all "political controversy" would not be avoided.
In 1839,... |
0fde3701e505afe0e05bd92553dc11a2 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USASblackcodes.htm | Black Codes | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Black Codes
Black Codes was a name given to laws passed by southern governments established during the presidency of Andrew Johnson. These laws imposed severe restrictions on freed slaves such as prohibiting their right to vote, forbidding them to sit on juries, limiting their right to testify again... |
a1fd13e2b0cb872f57c8f06a49fd7ab8 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAschoolF.htm | Freedom Schools | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Freedom Schools
In 1964 the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE), Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP) organised its Freedom Summer campaign. Its main objective was to try an end the political disenfranchisemen... |
ee81bfc0a8f25aebb3b74531a4812213 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAscopes.htm | The Scopes Trial | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
The Scopes Trial
In the 1920s, the popular politician, William Jennings Bryan, began a campaign to bring an end to the teaching of evolution in schools. Bryan argued in 1922: " Now that the legislatures of the various states are in session, I beg to call attention of the legislators to a much neede... |
ff915c0f08faec6efb0b44b3932e11c1 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAscribners.htm | Scribner's Magazine | Scribner's Magazine
Scribner's Magazine was first published in January 1887. It is claimed that Charles Scribner's Sons spent over $500,000 in setting up the magazine that would be able to compete with the successful Atlantic Monthly and Harper's Monthly. W. T. Stead, the editor of Review of Reviews, argued that the "s... |
4c0cc0ba8a6251a7835108792d40a1a4 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USASdavisJ.htm | Jefferson Davis | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Jefferson Davis
Jefferson Davis, the tenth son of Samuel Emory Davis, a plantation owner from Mississippi, was born in 3rd June, 1808. At seven he was sent to a boarding school in Kentucky and six years later entered Transylvania College, Lexington.
In 1824 Jefferson Davis entered the United States ... |
e746e26ef502c4ed2005d5afd314e4c0 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAsedition.htm | Sedition Act | Sedition Act
The Sedition Act was passed by Congress in 1918. The law made it a crime to criticize by speech or writing the government or Constitution. During the Red Scare (1919-20) A. Mitchell Palmer, the attorney general and his special assistant, John Edgar Hoover, used the Sedition Act and the Espionage Act (1917)... |
efd9079cf25ca967f23d98b774107566 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAsilva.htm | Howard Da Silvia | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Howard Da Silvia
Howard Da Silva was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on 4th May, 1909. Both is parents were Jewish who had emigrated from Russia. Da Silvia moved to New York City with the desire to become an actor and in 1931 joined the Group Theatre. Formed by Harold Clurman, Cheryl Crawford and Lee Stras... |
5156372bc56cc3362a9005c433e79759 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USASkansas.htm | Kansas-Nebraska Act | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Kansas and Nebraska were important areas for growing wheat, corn, oats and rye and were therefore popular places for migrants from the eastern areas of American to settle. In 1854 Stephen A. Douglas introduced his Kansas-Nebraska bill to the Senate. These states could now enter t... |
e7b316f44e9636e13fad951262bbd516 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USASmarriage.htm | Slave Marriages | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Slave Marriages
Most slave-owners encouraged their slaves to marry. It was believed that married men was less likely to be rebellious or to run away. Some masters favoured marriage for religious reasons and it was in the interests of plantation owners for women to have children. Child-bearing starte... |
bc6410b353ca70bb5cb7ad8d74e52c91 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAsocialist.htm | Socialism in the United States | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Socialism in the United States
The 19th century had been a period of rapid industrial expansion in America. Between 1800 and 1900 the per capita wealth of the country had increased from $200 to $1,200. However, the distribution of this wealth was extremely uneven. A report published in Arena in 1901... |
477504c6947e9351de3bdabd90b3ae0f | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAsocialistL.htm | Socialist Labor Party | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Socialist Labor Party
The 19th century had been a period of rapid industrial expansion in America. Between 1800 and 1900 the per capita wealth of the country had increased from $200 to $1,200. However, the distribution of this wealth was extremely uneven. It was this economic situation that stimulat... |
b247a905437d248dc9ff9f0a046a03bc | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAsolidarity.htm | Solidarity | Solidarity
The Workers of the World (IWW) journal, Solidarity, started in Newcastle, Pennsylvania, during a steelworkers' strike. Its first editor was Ben Williams. In 1917 he was replaced by the radical journalist and poet, Ralph Chaplin. The journal published articles by people such as William Haywood, Daniel De Leon... |
87e44671d0c6688935e06a2943f25c22 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USASowen.htm | Robert Dale Owen | Robert Dale Owen
Robert Dale Owen, the son of Robert Owen, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on 9th November, 1801. His father, a successful industrialist in Britain, decided in 1825 to establish a new community in America based on the socialist ideas that he had developed over the years. Owen purchased an area of Indiana... |
174620d892908e72559f9991d7914f82 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USASreligion.htm | Religion and Slavery | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Religion and Slavery
Except for the Society of Friends, all religious groups in America supported slavery. In the South black people were not usually allowed to attend church services. Those churches that did accept them would segregate them from white worshipers.
One of the main reasons why masters... |
1a711c769d0f03ac35bbdb3c2c3a0d8e | https://spartacus-educational.com/USASseymour.htm | Horatio Seymour | Horatio Seymour
Horatio Seymour, the son of a banker, was born in Pompey Hill, New York, on 31st May, 1810. Trained as a lawyer, he served as military secretary to the New York governor, William M. Marcy from 1833 to 1839.
In 1841 Seymour was elected to the lower house of the New York Legislature (1842-46). Her served ... |
1aa82b8d7f256584db4b0bab01e97390 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USASstanton.htm | Edwin Stanton | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Edwin Stanton
Edwin Stanton was born in Steubenville, Ohio, on 19th December, 1814. After attending Kenyon College he was admitted to the bar in 1836. He worked in Pittsburgh for nine years before moving to Washington he built a large practice in the federal courts.
A member of the Democratic Party,... |
18ed7c297195b153869999d4a8cb187a | https://spartacus-educational.com/USASsteward.htm | Austin Steward | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Austin Steward
Austin Steward was born a slave in Prince William County, Virginia, in 1793. "As was the usual custom, we lived in a small cabin, built of rough boards, with a floor of earth, and small openings in the sides of the cabin were substituted for windows. The chimney was built of sticks an... |
32155eeae6cc0118f4795cb13094bb70 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAsteunenberg.htm | Murder of Frank Steunenberg | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Murder of Frank Steunenberg
In 1899 Idaho was hit by a series of industrial disputes. The governor, Frank Steunenberg, took a tough line and declared martial law and asked President William McKinley to send federal troops to help him in his fight with the trade union movement. During the dispute ove... |
28ca7fee4b710f47eae984e635a5edbc | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAsublette.htm | William Sublette | William Sublette
William Sublette was born in Stanford, Kentucky, on 21st September, 1799. His family moved to Missouri in 1817 and lived in St. Charles.
On 13th February, 1822, William Ashley placed an advertisement in the Missouri Gazette and Public Adviser where he called for 100 enterprising men to "ascend the rive... |
aa79a0046c0d1aeb9f6c755a373a6a0f | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAsuffrage.htm | Women's Suffrage | Women's Suffrage
SectionsPrimary SourcesStudent Activities
The struggle for women's suffrage in America began in the 1820s with the writings of Fanny Wright. In her book, Course of Popular Lectures (1829) and in the Free Enquirer, Wright not only advocated women being given the vote but the abolition of slavery, free s... |
9d40261f69964485ebb2be2abd7c3edc | https://spartacus-educational.com/USASwebster.htm | Daniel Webster | Daniel Webster
Daniel Webster, the ninth son of a Ebenezer Webster, a farmer and tavern-keeper, was born in Salisbury, New Hampshire, on 18th January, 1782. At fifteen he entered Dartmouth College and after graduating he taught for a while before working in a law office in Boston.
In 1807 Webster married and moved to P... |
c5582f7135ca213d19edb13c76094d90 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAtaft.htm | William Taft | William Taft
William Howard Taft was born in Cincinnati, Ohio on 15th March, 1857. William, the son of Alphonso Taft, secretary of war and attorney general under President Ulysses Grant, studied at Yale University and was admitted to the bar in 1880.
A Republican, Taft held several political offices before becoming a j... |
b6a61b23dc9bba923e484348d4544391 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAtaylorWS.htm | William S. Taylor | William S. Taylor
William Sylvester Taylor was born in Butler County, Kentucky, on 10th October, 1853. Although he had no formal education after fifteen, Taylor became a successful lawyer and served two terms as county judge.
In 1884 Taylor joined the Republican Party and regularly attended national conventions and ser... |
48401a98040d490228c4ce898fd6ed3a | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAthompsonD.htm | Dorothy Thompson | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Dorothy Thompson
Dorothy Thompson, the daughter of Peter Thompson, a Methodist preacher, was born in Lancaster, New York, on 9th July, 1893. According to her biographer, Marion K. Sanders, when Dorothy was eight her mother died from blood poisoning after a bungled abortion performed by Dorothy's mat... |
fc7f92d1d9140ead3ec82e2113ac0a9a | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAumwa.htm | The United Mine Workers Union (UMWA) | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
The United Mine Workers Union (UMWA)
The United Mine Workers Union (UMWA) was founded in Ohio in 1890. British immigrants played an important role in the early days of the organization. John Rae, he first president, was originally from Scotland and the first secretary, Robert Watchorn, came from Der... |
e9480ebb80a80ddc6092eeafd3177d64 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAvorse.htm | Mary Heaton Vorse | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Mary Heaton Vorse
Mary Heaton was born in New York City on 11th October, 1874. Her mother had inherited a large fortune from her first husband, a wealthy shipping magnate. Soon after his death she remarried Mary's father, Hiram Heaton. The family lived in a 24-room house in Amherst, Massachusetts. M... |
9bc09e723d9c8b5d7d0642d5894c110e | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAWanthony.htm | Susan Anthony | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Susan Anthony
Susan Brownell Anthony, the daughter of Daniel Anthony, a cotton manufacturer, was born in Adams, Massachusetts, on 15th February, 1820. Her father was a Quaker who campaigned against the slave trade.
After an education at her father's school and a Philadelphia boarding school, she beg... |
ddca7ee45e287731197370c58ac00014 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAwarrenF.htm | Fred Warren | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Fred Warren
Fred Warren was born in Arcola, Illinois, in 1872. The son of an unsuccessful businessman, Warren moved to Rich Hill, a small coal-mining town in Missouri, and when he was eighteen started a newspaper with his younger brother, Ben Warren.
Converted to socialism he started the radical jou... |
3efb36f4b0a06c4eb353f5de3464f4f0 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAweill.htm | Kurt Weill | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Kurt Weill
Kurt Weill was born in Dessau, Germany, on 2nd March, 1900. He studied music under Engelbert Humperdinck and Ferruccio Busoni and his early works included two symphonies.
In 1927 Weill collaborated with the writer, Bertolt Brecht to produce the musical play, Mahagonny. They then produced ... |
c3a0e21eacaaa1555dcbb81d60fdf120 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAwelles.htm | Orson Welles | Orson Welles
Orson Welles was born in Kenosha, Winconsin, on 6th May, 1915. He studied at the Art Institute of Chicago and worked briefly as a reporter before travelling to Ireland where he made his acting debut at the Gate Theatre in Dublin.
After touring Spain and Morocco he returned to the United States where he app... |
b0d72bc867a81b4cb8e1631df52772fa | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAWgoldmark.htm | Josephine Goldmark | Josephine Goldmark
Josephine Goldmark was born in Brooklyn, New York, on 13th October, 1877. After graduating from Bryn Mawr College she became research director of the National Consumer's League (NCL) where she worked closely with Florence Kelley. After serving as publications secretary she was promoted to chairman of... |
c60c6c034b440b405955aecaf6677b1c | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAwillsonA.htm | Augustus Willson | Augustus Willson
Augustus Everett Willson was born in Louisville, Kentucky, on 4th January, 1856. A member of the Republican Party, he was elected governor of Kentucky in 1907.
In 1909 Willson controversially pardoned the former governor of Kentucky, William Sylvester Taylor, the former Secretary of State, Caleb Powers... |
17e85c688f30c7c2dc0f179fa5172aa4 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAwilsonbeau.htm | William Bauchop Wilson | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
William Bauchop Wilson
William Bauchop Wilson, the son of a coal miner, was born in Blantyre, Scotland, on 2nd April, 1862. His father, Adam Wilson, was an active trade unionist and in 1868 his family was evicted from their company-owned house. Blacklisted, Wilson was unable to find work in Scotland... |
ea9c03871a3c4413334c528b393d913f | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAwilsonE.htm | Edmund Wilson | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Edmund Wilson
Edmund Wilson, the son of a railroad lawyer, was born in Red Bank, New Jersey on 8th May, 1895. After attending Princeton University (1912-1916), Wilson was briefly a reporter for the New York Sun.
Wilson served in the United States Army during the First World War. After working in an ... |
2cbc067552b047752ebbb2ae6c20115c | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAwinchell.htm | Walter Winchell | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Walter Winchell
Walter Winchell was born in New York City on 7th April 7, 1897. After leaving school he worked for a vaudeville troupe. It soon became clear that he was not going to be a success in this profession and in 1920 he found work as a journalist for Vaudeville News . Four years later he jo... |
228784abc79ef43ba1cb6bca6da87f07 | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAWkelley.htm | Florence Kelley | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Florence Kelley
Florence Kelley, the daughter of United States congressman, William D. Kelley, was born on 12th September, 1859. She studied at Cornell University and the University of Zurich. While in Europe she became a follower of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Over the next few years she worked... |
d88c4751023fdc9408f1d022bc8515fb | https://spartacus-educational.com/USAyoungA.htm | Andrew Young | Andrew Young
Andrew Young was born in New Orleans on 12th March, 1932. After graduating from Howard University in 1951 Young entered the Hartford Theological Seminary. Ordained in 1955, Young served as a pastor in Marion, Alabama and Thomasville and Beachton, Georgia.
Young joined the Southern Christian Leadership Conf... |
6f332c954d7edf92d787eeaef554b3b5 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Vasssily_Zarubin.htm | Vassili Zarubin | Vassili Zarubin
SectionsVassili Zarubin in Nazi Germany Soviet Spy Network in USA Vassili Zarubin and the FBI Recalled to Moscow Primary SourcesReferences
Vassili Zarubin (also used the name Vasili Zubilin), the son of a railway worker, was born in Moscow in 1894. During the First World War he served in the Russian Ar... |
dbed9cb44cbd3df9ef57cbf378720006 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Vatslav_Vorovsky.htm | Vatslav Vorovsky | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Vatslav Vorovsky
Vatslav Vorovsky, the son of an engineer, was born in Moscow on 27th October, 1871. He attended the University of Moscow where he became a socialist. Vorovsky was arrested in 1895 and sentenced to three years' exile in the city of Orlov.
In 1902 Vorovsky moved to Europe and spent ti... |
e76ce139bf5ec7999a37ad9d84e1a1cd | https://spartacus-educational.com/Victor_Adler.htm | Victor Adler | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Victor Adler
Victor Adler, the son of a Jewish merchant, was born in Prague on 24th June 1852. He attended the Catholic Schottenstift gymnasium before studying chemistry and medicine at the University of Vienna. After graduating he worked at the psychiatric department of the Vienna General Hospital... |
a89301c752ac998acc3531dbd93755cf | https://spartacus-educational.com/Victor_Jerome.htm | Victor Jerome | Victor Jerome
SectionsVictor Jerome & Rose Pastor StokesParty's Cultural Commission Victor Jerome and Albert MaltzHoward Fast National GuardianThe Smith Act Primary SourcesReferences
Jerome Isaac Romain was born in Stryków, Poland in 1896. He was sent to London before moving to New York City in 1915. (1) Romain attende... |
a88fd438ecfb58327dad7d0df74ceb24 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Victor_Kiernan.htm | Victor Kiernan | Victor Kiernan
SectionsVictor Kiernan & Maurice Dobb India: 1938-1946 MarxismPrimary SourcesReferences
Victor Kiernan one of three children of John Edward Kiernan, was born in Ashton upon Mersey, on 4th September 1913. He was educated at Manchester Grammar School (1924–31) where he won many prizes and scholarships. (1)... |
164d97628f33f3be28fe02dc7d9d46a5 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Victor_Perlo.htm | Victor Perlo | Victor Perlo
SectionsThe Harold Ware Group Communist PartyVictor Perlo - Soviet Spy House of Un-American Activities CommitteePrimary SourcesReferences
Victor Perlo, the son of Samuel Perlo, was born in New York City on 15th May, 1912. His Jewish parents had emigrated from Russia to the United States in their youth. His... |
fde5d5958148ae2ccf1612001cf1b742 | https://spartacus-educational.com/VNcambodia.htm | Cambodia and Laos | Cambodia and Laos
From the beginning of the Vietnam War, the NLF had used bases situated just inside the borders of neighbouring Cambodia. For many years US military advisers had wanted these bases to be bombed. President Lyndon B. Johnson had rejected this strategy as he feared it would undermine the anti-communist go... |
91c69336bd2332a0c2e9fb7bd499ab46 | https://spartacus-educational.com/VNngo.htm | Ngo Dinh Diem | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Ngo Dinh Diem
Ngo Dinh Diem was born in Vietnam in 1901. His ancestors had been converted to Christianity by Catholic missionaries in the 17th Century. Diem, like previous generations of his family, was educated in French Catholic schools. After he graduated he was trained as an administrator for th... |
8d97d3d9c070647d21b1e3608351c216 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Volkischer_Beobachter.htm | Völkischer Beobachter | Völkischer Beobachter
SectionsPrimary SourcesStudent ActivitiesReferences
Before the First World War the Münchner Beobachter (Munich Observer) was a weekly newspaper that was described as "a gossip sheet devoted to scandal mongering". In August 1919 it was obtained by the Thule Society and its name was changed to Völk... |
fa33832192bdf30c3ddf05b905be71c0 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Wales.htm | Wales: 1400-1960 | Wales: 1400-1960
Wales: 1400-1960William AbrahamTrade Unionist and PoliticianClifford AllenPoliticianWilliam BerryBusinessmanAneurin BevanPoliticianRay BowdenFootballerFrank BrangwynEducationalistClement DaviesPoliticianHarry DobsonTrade UnionistViolet Douglas-PennantAdministratorJohn FrostSocial ReformerVernon Hartsho... |
2ea92ff8919fc7e73d9e58e10da4040c | https://spartacus-educational.com/WARboer.htm | The Boer War | The Boer War
SectionsPrimary SourcesStudent ActivitiesReferences
The Boer Wars was the name given to the South African Wars of 1880-1 and 1899-1902, that were fought between the British and the descendants of the Dutch settlers (Boers) in Africa. After the first Boer War, William Gladstone granted the Boers self-govern... |
549b1497c0914cffe14b4ef34f0b23eb | https://spartacus-educational.com/WARcrimean.htm | The Crimean War | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
The Crimean War
In July 1853 Russia occupied territories in the Crimea that had previously been controlled by Turkey. Britain and France was concerned about Russian expansion and attempted to achieve a negotiation withdrawal. Turkey, unwilling to grant concessions declared war on Russia.
After the R... |
a59e63248291d1bae448be2ce796da52 | https://spartacus-educational.com/WARspain.htm | Spanish Civil War | Spanish Civil War
SectionsAbdication of Alfonso XIII The Popular Front Outbreak of Spanish Civil War Non-Intervention AgreementInternational BrigadesThe Civil War: Stalemate George OrwellVictory for Fascism Primary SourcesStudent ActivitiesReferences
Alfonso XII of Spain died three days before his 28th birthday, on 25t... |
12cf3f3f0caa6218166006b089b1cc31 | https://spartacus-educational.com/watergate.htm | The Watergate Scandal | The Watergate Scandal
Watergate OverviewWatergate ChronologyWatergate Narrative
Virgilio Gonzalez, Eugenio Martinez, James W. McCord, Bernard L. Barker and Frank Sturgis
Watergate BiographiesSpiro T. Agnew Jack Anderson Alfred C. Baldwin Howard Baker Bernard L. Barker Carmine Bellino Robert F. Bennett Carl Bernstein Wi... |
3a5b76a37f898d80392a94c6ada5333f | https://spartacus-educational.com/WBAbassett.htm | Billy Bassett | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Billy Bassett
William Bassett was born in West Bromwich on 27th January, 1869. Educated at Christ Church School he played football for West Bromwich Strollers and Old Church. He was only 5 ft. 5 in. tall and at first he was considered to be too small to be an effective professional footballer. Howev... |
2394745360c6b61a8be2b1f86137200f | https://spartacus-educational.com/WBAreaderJ.htm | Joe Reader | Joe Reader
Joseph (Joe) Reader was born in West Bromwich in 1866. A talented goalkeeper, he joined West Bromwich Albion. When England international Bob Roberts left the club in 1889 Reader replaced him as WBA's first-team goalkeeper.
Reader played in 25 games in the 1890-91 season. However, WBA finished bottom of the F... |
4b2a78cba9f5f89b42f27701db237b82 | https://spartacus-educational.com/WBAreynoldsJ.htm | Jack (Baldy) Reynolds | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Jack (Baldy) Reynolds
John (Jack) Reynolds was born in Blackburn on 21st February, 1869. He played local football for Park Road and Wilton before joining Blackburn Rovers. However, he failed to make the first team and returned to non-league football with Park Road.
In 1886 Reynolds joined the Britis... |
2ade374cbd839fc0b5d5defedc2a93fa | https://spartacus-educational.com/WBArobertsB.htm | Bob Roberts | Bob Roberts
Bob Roberts was born in West Bromwich on 3rd April 1859. The West Bromwich Strollers club was formed in 1879 by a group of young men from the Salter's Spring Factory. Initially they played cricket at Dartmouth Park but in 1882 they decided to form the West Bromwich Albion football club. Roberts, who worked ... |
850de7945260ec22dc1eb833bded8709 | https://spartacus-educational.com/WBAwoodhall.htm | George Spry Woodhall | George Spry Woodhall
George Spry Woodhall was born in West Bromwich on 5th September 1863. The West Bromwich Strollers club was formed in 1879 by a group of young men from the Salter's Spring Factory. Initially they played cricket at Dartmouth Park but in 1882 they decided to form the West Bromwich Albion football club... |
b6af42a03e7ea04b7a5d1a83609f8cb6 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Wbesant.htm | Annie Besant | Annie Besant
SectionsMarriageAnnie Besant and Charles BradlaughThe Fruits of Philosophy Charles Bradlaugh and the House of Commons SocialismThe 1888 London Matchgirls Strike Fabian Society TheosophyPrimary SourcesStudent ActivitiesReferences
Annie Wood, the daughter of William Wood and Emily Morris Wood, was born at 2 ... |
95283036274e931e48b1d945134994c7 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Wbuss.htm | Frances Buss | Frances Buss
Frances Buss, the daughter of Robert Buss and Frances Fleetwood was born on 16th August 1827. Robert Buss was an engraver but he was fairly unsuccessful and the family were extremely poor. Frances was the eldest of ten children, but only five of them survived beyond childhood.
Frances attended a local free... |
49c88ad5096f85b974a33fc192c8d897 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Wcole.htm | Margaret Cole | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Margaret Cole
Margaret Postgate, the daughter of John Percival Postgate (1853–1926), Professor of Latin at the University of Liverpool and Edith Allen (1863–1962), was born in Cambridge on 6th May 1893.
Margaret was sent to Roedean in September of 1907. In her autobiography, Growing Up Into Revoluti... |
739b0843c8244d932a51a786a069e68f | https://spartacus-educational.com/Wdavison.htm | Emily Wilding Davison | Emily Wilding Davison
SectionsEmily Wilding Davison and the WSPUStrangeways Prison Force-FeedingArson Campaign MartyrdomFuneralPrimary Sources
Emily Wilding Davison, the daughter of Charles Davison (1822–1893) and Margaret Caisley Davison (1848–1918), was born at at Roxburgh House, Vanbrugh Park Road, Greenwich on 11th... |
6a836d9f472dc6fe1f344dfd4935ac23 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Wdawson.htm | Margaret Damar Dawson | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Margaret Damar Dawson
Margaret Damer Dawson, the daughter of Richard Dawson, a surgeon, and his wife, Agnes Baird Hemming,was born at 1 York Road, Hove, Sussex, on 12 June 1873. She was educated at the London Academy of Music, where she studied music under Benno Schoenberger and Herbert Sharpe.
Acco... |
58f5cb923bd63a404609f1171e8fb423 | https://spartacus-educational.com/WEA.htm | Workers' Educational Association: 1903-1927 | Workers' Educational Association: 1903-1927
SectionsWorkers' Educational AssociationAlbert Mansbridge and Dennis HirdThe WEA and the Labour Movement John MactavishMactavish, Socialism and the WEAPrimary SourcesStudent ActivitiesReferences
In 1902 Albert Mansbridge published the article, Co-operation, Trade Unionism an... |
6b030ec6f0f9fb85f58408fc5d3ed216 | https://spartacus-educational.com/Wfabian.htm | Fabian Women's Group | Fabian Women's Group
The Fabian Women's Group (FWG) was established in 1908 by members of the Fabian Society. The main purpose of the group was to lobby Labour Party members of the House of Commons, in an effort to persuade them for women's suffrage legislation. In May 1913 the FWG joined the Women's Social and Politic... |
cf2d4d333b648e664006e4a03287858e | https://spartacus-educational.com/WfawcettM.htm | Millicent Garrett Fawcett | Millicent Garrett Fawcett
Sections1867 Reform ActMillicent Garrett Fawcett and Women's Rights 1884 Reform Act National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies Fawcett Commission 1906 Liberal Government Women's Suffrage Pilgrimage The First World War Primary SourcesStudent ActivitiesReferences
Millicent Garrett, the eighth ... |
230c47f1c2c16f62ae8645b93e5181db | https://spartacus-educational.com/WHkingsleyM.htm | Matt Kingsley | Matt Kingsley
Matthew (Matt) Kingsley was born in Turton, Lancashire in 1879. He played for his local village side before joining Newcastle United in 1898. He played in 34 games in the 1898-99 season.
Paul Joannou points out in his book, The Black 'n' White Alphabet: "Matt was noted for his fisted clearances in the sty... |
3371c149ce41f9f626e792b2422c1b86 | https://spartacus-educational.com/William_Craik.htm | William Craik | William Craik
SectionsWilliam Craik at Ruskin College 1909 Student StrikeCentral Labour College Primary SourcesStudent ActivitiesReferences
William Craik, the son of a railway guard, was born in Montrose in 1881. He went to school in Dundee before moving to Barry in South Wales, where he found work in the railway indu... |
f92b760e83678c72fe7241befcfe2bd9 | https://spartacus-educational.com/William_Strickland.htm | William Strickland | William Strickland
SectionsPrimary SourcesStudent ActivitiesReferences
William Strickland, the son of Roger Strickland and his wife, Mary Appleton Strickland, was born in about 1520. As a young man he sailed to America with Sebastian Cabot. Strickland returned in 1542, and with the proceeds of his voyages built Boynto... |
26171f15c71eb40d2bf7e4d12065abfc | https://spartacus-educational.com/Wladyslaw_Moes.htm | Wladyslaw Moes | Wladyslaw Moes
SectionsPrimary SourcesStudent ActivitiesReferences
Władysław Moes was born near Wierbka, in southern Poland, on 17th November, 1900. He was the second son of the six children of Count Aleksander Juliusz Moes and his wife Countess Janina Miączyńska. The family was a large landowner and lived in Moes Pala... |
2f2426f5963c96c8acf59b661d1f9bdf | https://spartacus-educational.com/WleighM.htm | Mary Leigh | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Mary Leigh
Mary Brown was born in Manchester in 1885. She was a schoolteacher until her marriage to a builder named Leigh. In 1906 Leigh joined the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU).
During the summer of 1908 the WSPU introduced the tactic of breaking the windows of government buildings. On ... |
511d6d2810fcadcc66f7308ac76917bc | https://spartacus-educational.com/Wmannin.htm | Ethel Mannin | ▼ Primary Sources ▼
Ethel Mannin
Ethel Mannin, he eldest of the three children of Robert Mannin, a postal worker and Edith Gray, a farmer's daughter, was born in Clapham on 11th October 1900. Her father was a socialist and encouraged her to have a career. In her biography she recalled: "My father does not care how I ac... |
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