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493b65354b95e59bb250d4732f3395f8 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Samanid-dynasty | Samanid dynasty | Samanid dynasty
Samanid dynasty, (819–999 ce), Iranian dynasty that arose in what is now eastern Iran and Uzbekistan. It was renowned for the impulse that it gave to Iranian national sentiment and learning.
The four grandsons of the dynasty’s founder, Sāmān-Khodā, had been rewarded with provinces for their faithful se... |
7a799fadebcbb5028c9d648353efbd09 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Samaritan | Samaritan | Samaritan
Samaritan, member of a community of Jews, now nearly extinct, that claims to be related by blood to those Jews of ancient Samaria who were not deported by the Assyrian conquerors of the kingdom of Israel in 722 bce. The Samaritans call themselves Bene-Yisrael (“Children of Israel”), or Shamerim (“Observant O... |
5c782d294a96c2dcf3fc98522b03197e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/samba-school | Samba school | Samba school
…competitions of Carnival in so-called samba schools (escolas de samba), which function as community clubs and neighbourhood centres. Both children’s and adults’ groups make up the several thousand dancers and musicians of each samba school, and many more people are involved in constructing floats and maki... |
6ffd2b05203bbede8ae946dd8dbede7b | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sambation | Sambation | Sambation
Sambation, also spelled Sanbation, or Sambatyon, legendary “Sabbath River” beyond which the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel were exiled in 721 bc by Shalmaneser V, king of Assyria. Legends describe it as a roaring torrent (often not of water but of stones), the turbulence of which ceases only on the Sabbath, when ... |
3513faf7ab4209e7a5f285208e185fe3 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Same-Time-Next-Year | Same Time, Next Year | Same Time, Next Year
More popular was Same Time, Next Year (1978), which retained the wistful charm of the Bernard Slade play. Alan Alda and Ellen Burstyn starred as two lovers who meet once a year for almost three decades. Kiss Me Goodbye (1982), however, was a dull romance about a widow…
…appeared in numerous films, ... |
8e43804c3c01c734c11e217ddf3c4b34 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/samma-kammanto | Samma kammanto | Samma kammanto
…speech, and senseless speech, (4) correct action, refraining from physical misdeeds such as killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct, (5) correct livelihood, avoiding trades that directly or indirectly harm others, such as selling slaves, weapons, animals for slaughter, intoxicants, or poisons, (6) corr... |
e5eecb299f829171b0cf43e47d5a53d2 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/samma-sankappo | Samma sankappo | Samma sankappo
…the Four Noble Truths, (2) correct intention, avoiding thoughts of attachment, hatred, and harmful intent, (3) correct speech, refraining from verbal misdeeds such as lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, and senseless speech, (4) correct action, refraining from physical misdeeds such as killing, steali... |
4168dd753941cbec9073d6da0909a6af | https://www.britannica.com/topic/samma-vayamo | Samma vayamo | Samma vayamo
…slaughter, intoxicants, or poisons, (6) correct effort, abandoning negative states of mind that have already arisen, preventing negative states that have yet to arise, and sustaining positive states that have already arisen, (7) correct mindfulness, awareness of body, feelings, thought, and phenomena (the... |
869208c9970581d474e10f83a43f21b9 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Samuel-Parris | Samuel Parris | Samuel Parris
…the influence of the Putnams, Samuel Parris, a merchant from Boston by way of Barbados, became the pastor of the village’s Congregational church. Parris, whose largely theological studies at Harvard College (now Harvard University) had been interrupted before he could graduate, was in the process of chan... |
caedb06a8ce964d82456b03994d73789 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/samvrti-satya | Saṃvṛti-satya | Saṃvṛti-satya
Saṃvṛti-satya, (Sanskrit: “the empirical truth”), in Buddhist thought, the truth based on the common understanding of ordinary people. It refers to the empirical reality usually accepted in everyday life and can be admitted for practical purposes of communication. It is distinct from the ultimate truth ... |
f580a7ff8a131805fa1c961ba7342f0c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/San-Francesco | San Francesco | San Francesco
San Francesco, Franciscan monastery and church in Assisi, Italy, begun after the canonization in 1228 of St. Francis of Assisi and completed in 1253. The crypt was added in 1818, when the tomb of St. Francis was opened. The lower church is where the saint is buried, and it has frescoes by Giunta Pisano, ... |
48cb6867eb52e4e6961dd9a50a56d054 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/San-Francisco-49ers | San Francisco 49ers | San Francisco 49ers
San Francisco 49ers, American professional gridiron football team based in Santa Clara, California, that plays in the National Football League (NFL). The 49ers have won five Super Bowl titles (1982, 1985, 1989, 1990, and 1995) and seven National Football Conference (NFC) championships.
The San Fr... |
48950af513a6494bbd545465a6cf2fdf | https://www.britannica.com/topic/San-Francisco-Giants | San Francisco Giants | San Francisco Giants
San Francisco Giants, American professional baseball team based in San Francisco. The Giants have won eight World Series titles and 23 National League (NL) pennants.
The franchise that would become the Giants was established in 1883 in New York City and was initially known as the Gothams. In 1885 ... |
2c035a8fa59592082b7a6fee1b7efd92 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/San-Quentin-State-Prison | San Quentin State Prison | San Quentin State Prison
San Quentin State Prison, maximum-security correctional facility for men located in San Quentin, near San Francisco, California. Opened in 1854, the penitentiary is the state’s oldest prison and its only facility that conducts executions. San Quentin is also among the most well-known prisons i... |
0a2f8b85a36f76e84fe4672b9b58fa79 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/sanatana-dharma | Sanatana dharma | Sanatana dharma
Sanatana dharma, in Hinduism, term used to denote the “eternal” or absolute set of duties or religiously ordained practices incumbent upon all Hindus, regardless of class, caste, or sect. Different texts give different lists of the duties, but in general sanatana dharma consists of virtues such as hon... |
db32955c8c4b89c7a730a4d49fe9bee6 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sancho-Panza | Sancho Panza | Sancho Panza
Sancho Panza, Don Quixote’s squire in the novel Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes, a short, pot-bellied peasant whose gross appetite, common sense, and vulgar wit serve as a foil to the mad idealism of his master. He is famous for his many pertinent proverbs. Cervantes used the psychological differences ... |
0f7888f133aa6de6575c0e92ce9a816a | https://www.britannica.com/topic/sanctuary-religion | Sanctuary | Sanctuary
Sanctuary, in religion, a sacred place, set apart from the profane, ordinary world. Originally, sanctuaries were natural locations, such as groves or hills, where the divine or sacred was believed to be especially present. The concept was later extended to include man-made structures; e.g., the tabernacle (... |
170ebdb450a3b15e34f769dabbcb74b9 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/SandP-500 | S&P 500 | S&P 500
S&P 500, abbreviation of Standard and Poor’s 500, in the United States, a stock market index that tracks 500 publicly traded domestic companies. It is considered by many investors to be the best overall measurement of American stock market performance.
Standard & Poor’s, which sponsors a number of other market... |
5a85a3db144043544902f3901ef8ff0f | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sang-Sinsai | Sang Sinsai | Sang Sinsai
…such major classical works as Sang Sinsai and Thao Hung Thao Cheuang were probably composed. The titles of these works are drawn from the names of their subjects: the former relates the exploits of a legendary prince, and the latter is the tale of a Southeast Asian warrior-king. Following the…
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83eb48dcc5e8573f1d5791cb7b8a05d7 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/sanna | Saññā | Saññā
…perceptions of sense objects (Sanskrit: saṃjñā; Pāli: saññā); (4) mental formations (saṃskāras/sankhāras); and (5) awareness, or consciousness, of the other three mental aggregates (vijñāna/viññāṇa). All individuals are subject to constant change, as the elements of consciousness are never the same, and man may ... |
e8c53ce317fe05be73aa3a74a3f2e6c2 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/sannyasi | Sannyasi | Sannyasi
Sannyasi, (Sanskrit: “abandoning” or “throwing down”) also spelled sannyasin, in Hinduism, a religious ascetic who has renounced the world by performing his own funeral and abandoning all claims to social or family standing. Sannyasis, like other sadhus, or holy men, are not cremated but are generally buried ... |
35b6fdc6a016713b920654be2695a4ae | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Santa-Claus | Santa Claus | Santa Claus
Santa Claus, legendary figure who is the traditional patron of Christmas in the United States and other countries, bringing gifts to children. His popular image is based on traditions associated with Saint Nicholas, a 4th-century Christian saint. Father Christmas fills the role in many European countries.
... |
d4adcb0a2b53df202bbadd66ee6d7a05 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Santa-Fe-Trail | Santa Fe Trail | Santa Fe Trail
Santa Fe Trail, in U.S. history, famed wagon trail from Independence, Mo., to Santa Fe, N.M., an important commercial route (1821–80). Opened by William Becknell, a trader, the trail was used by merchant wagon caravans travelling in parallel columns, which, when Indians attacked, as they did frequently ... |
9fa125a7c581737cde7837958f913e0c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Santa-Maria-dei-Frari | Santa Maria dei Frari | Santa Maria dei Frari
Santa Maria dei Frari, English St. Mary of the Friars, Franciscan church in Venice, originally built in the mid-13th century but rebuilt in Gothic style in the 15th century. This important example of Venetian Gothic ecclesiastical architecture (often referred to simply as the Frari) contains many... |
8c3e4ad07fdb817e2ba9bc96ba66dd01 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Santiago-School-of-Architecture | Santiago School of Architecture | Santiago School of Architecture
In Chile the Santiago School of Architecture was founded in 1849 by the Frenchman François Brunet de Baines. In both the school’s pedagogy and its architecture, Brunet introduced to Santiago the influence of the French Beaux-Arts eclectic historicism. He then began to work for the govern... |
75ef3706901fd44d165179baad0d2d2b | https://www.britannica.com/topic/sarcophagus | Sarcophagus | Sarcophagus
Sarcophagus, stone coffin. The original term is of doubtful meaning. Pliny explains that the word denotes a coffin of limestone from the Troad (the region around Troy) which had the property of dissolving the body quickly (Greek sarx, “flesh,” and phagein, “to eat”), but this explanation is questionable; r... |
623adcacfc93cdf9927692cecccba206 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/sashimi | Sashimi | Sashimi
Sashimi, specialty of Japanese cuisine, fresh fish served raw. The fish, which must be utterly fresh, is sliced paper thin or alternately one-quarter to one-half inch (0.75–1.5 cm) thick, cubed, or cut in strips, according to the nature of the fish. The sashimi is accompanied by wasabi (green paste made of tr... |
2c8da6182f78e309489778b1d31116a0 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sasquatch | Sasquatch | Sasquatch
Sasquatch, also called Bigfoot, (from Salish se’sxac: “wild men”) a large, hairy, humanlike creature believed by some people to exist in the northwestern United States and western Canada. It seems to represent the North American counterpart of the Himalayan region’s mythical monster, the Abominable Snowman, ... |
e28266af9e4a901f73a86dd8ccb963a4 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Satanism | Satanism | Satanism
Satanism, any of various religious or countercultural practices and movements centred on the figure of Satan, the Devil, regarded in Christianity and Judaism as the embodiment of absolute evil. Historical Satanism, also called devil worship, consists of belief in and worship of the Judeo-Christian Devil and t... |
ebcd297367aa42384b11559c540a08dd | https://www.britannica.com/topic/satrap | Satrap | Satrap
Satrap, provincial governor in the Achaemenian Empire. The division of the empire into provinces (satrapies) was completed by Darius I (reigned 522–486 bc), who established 20 satrapies with their annual tribute.
The satraps, appointed by the king, normally were members of the royal family or of Persian nobili... |
5f82831294e50f4891219839955229d9 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/sauce | Sauce | Sauce
Sauce, liquid or semiliquid mixture that is added to a food as it cooks or that is served with it. Sauces provide flavour, moisture, and a contrast in texture and colour. They may also serve as a medium in which food is contained, for example, the velouté sauce of creamed chicken. Seasoning liquids (soy sauce, h... |
43c5291583e0be4e82e5ee9f19954cb4 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/sausage | Sausage | Sausage
Sausage, meat product made of finely chopped and seasoned meat, which may be fresh, smoked, or pickled and which is then usually stuffed into a casing. Sausages of fish or poultry are also made. The word sausage, from the Latin salsus (“salted”), refers to a food-processing method that had been used for centu... |
e29996266d2f28df3f60f6a999732876 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Savages | Savages | Savages
…financial crisis of 2008, and Savages (2012), an ensemble thriller about marijuana trafficking that, in its depiction of seedy mayhem, was reminiscent of his earlier U Turn (1997). Snowden (2016) centres on the real-life American intelligence officer who exposed the NSA’s secret surveillance programs by leakin... |
fea144cadf1f3eae5188ef39f5c7816c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Savara | Savara | Savara
Savara, also called Saora, Sora, or Saura, tribe of eastern India. They are distributed mainly in the states of Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Bihār, with total numbers of about 310,000, most of whom are in Orissa.
Most Savara have become Hinduized and generally speak the Oriya language. Their trad... |
1e53511ae6b6b0f3387805b2b04bd530 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/sawdust | Sawdust | Sawdust
…the wood-using industries, such as sawdust, has increasingly been used for pulp. In addition, more abundant and less desirable hardwoods have been used as a source of pulp. The woodyard of a pulp mill formerly stored pulpwood in the form of roundwood logs, but recently there has been a trend…
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f040b586facea3469edf7fe0034d0438 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Saxon-dynasty | Saxon Dynasty | Saxon Dynasty
Saxon Dynasty, also called Liudolfing Dynasty, ruling house of German kings (Holy Roman emperors) from 919 to 1024. It came to power when the Liudolfing duke of Saxony was elected German king as Henry I (later called the Fowler), in 919.
Henry I’s son and successor, Otto I the Great (king 936–973, wester... |
fad8adf965812ebd7fbdd16a97ac4d77 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scandinavian | Scandinavian | Scandinavian
…among the descendants of the Scandinavian newcomers of the 19th century. Where these people clustered in sizeable settlements, as in Minnesota, they transmitted a sense of identity beyond the second generation; and emotional attachments to the lands of origin lingered.
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b5ff3ed6fcced6fac6609e04f119fcd5 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scandinavian-languages | Scandinavian languages | Scandinavian languages
Scandinavian languages, also called North Germanic languages, group of Germanic languages consisting of modern standard Danish, Swedish, Norwegian (Dano-Norwegian and New Norwegian), Icelandic, and Faroese. These languages are usually divided into East Scandinavian (Danish and Swedish) and West ... |
4de7c706bb6f441b2397572eb526d65c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scaramouche | Scaramouche | Scaramouche
Scaramouche, Italian Scaramuccia, stock character of the Italian theatrical form known as the commedia dell’arte; an unscrupulous and unreliable servant. His affinity for intrigue often landed him in difficult situations, yet he always managed to extricate himself, usually leaving an innocent bystander as ... |
5a1ee6b8f606add788629d30d5c1dbd7 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/scarecrow-agriculture | Scarecrow | Scarecrow
Scarecrow, device posted on cultivated ground to deter birds or other animals from eating or otherwise disturbing seeds, shoots, and fruit; its name derives from its use against the crow. The scarecrow of popular tradition is a mannequin stuffed with straw; free-hanging, often reflective parts movable by th... |
788c2c9dea1e49ecea904a4b8bcc35fd | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scarface | Scarface | Scarface
De Palma then made Scarface (1983), an over-the-top yet effective updating of Howard Hawks’s 1932 gangster classic. It traced the rise and fall of Tony Montana (Al Pacino), a Cuban refugee who takes over Miami’s drug trade. The violent film, with a script by Oliver Stone, drew mixed reviews,…
…of Brian De Palm... |
114fc8334d679d970fff4391ca7d2c7d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scarface-The-Shame-of-a-Nation | Scarface: The Shame of a Nation | Scarface: The Shame of a Nation
Scarface: The Shame of a Nation, American gangster film, released in 1932, that is loosely based on the rise of Al Capone. It was an early success for both director Howard Hawks and actor Paul Muni.
The film traces the life and crimes of an ambitious gangster, Tony Camonte (played by Mu... |
1bfebe3effaf38bb19f2780bc53cb321 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scarlet-Street | Scarlet Street | Scarlet Street
…Woman in the Window for Scarlet Street (1945), a remake of Jean Renoir’s La Chienne (1931). Robinson delivered another extraordinary performance as the appropriately named Chris Cross, a milquetoast department-store cashier whose shrewish wife (Rosalind Ivan) denies him every pleasure except the one he ... |
c8cdbb016e441049601bb51993456e94 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/schism | Schism | Schism
Schism, in Christianity, a break in the unity of the church.
In the early church, “schism” was used to describe those groups that broke with the church and established rival churches. The term originally referred to those divisions that were caused by disagreement over something other than basic doctrine. Thus... |
440380fc3092dfa92dc16c4546d615d7 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/scholarship-study-grant | Scholarship | Scholarship
College football’s other post-World War II crisis, regarding professionalism, reached a flash point in the late 1940s and early 1950s over athletic scholarships. Subsidizing athletes had been common since the 1920s but was not officially sanctioned and was entirely unregulated,…
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c59a38d1983dc1081ce8a295521c5dcb | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scholasticism | Scholasticism | Scholasticism
Scholasticism, the philosophical systems and speculative tendencies of various medieval Christian thinkers, who, working against a background of fixed religious dogma, sought to solve anew general philosophical problems (as of faith and reason, will and intellect, realism and nominalism, and the provabil... |
15eb8d321b7b309a155712752955525d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/School-Daze | School Daze | School Daze
…step show in the film School Daze (1988).
…his experiences at Morehouse, was School Daze (1988), a scatological satire of colour prejudice, snobbery, and betrayal within the Black academic community. The infamous Howard Beach incident (1986), in which a Black man in Queens, New York, was chased and killed ... |
a12ad4ca9991d2610319d2ce32f59df5 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/school-education | School | School
…sponsored by cultural centres and educational institutions, such as Berlin’s philharmonic hall (1963) by Hans Scharoun. Louis I. Kahn, in his design for the Richards Medical Research Building (1960), gave the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia a linear programmatic composition of laboratories, each serv... |
8febc65d4f3a94e09ac0c01df271d6c3 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/School-of-Athens | School of Athens | School of Athens
…Aristotle in Raphael’s Vatican fresco The School of Athens.) In fact, however, the doctrines that Plato and Aristotle share are more important than those that divide them. Many post-Renaissance historians of ideas have been less perceptive than the commentators of late antiquity, who saw it as their d... |
08b11dfbee65d4fb5c1f74694b2eb875 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Science-and-Human-Values | Science and Human Values | Science and Human Values
… (1951) and the highly praised Science and Human Values (1956; rev. ed. 1965). In these books Bronowski examined aspects of science in nontechnical language and made a case for his view that science needs an ethos in order to function. In The Identity of Man (1965) he sought to present…
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1a62ee4620cb0744015f5ba1baa74d52 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Science-Museum-London | Science Museum | Science Museum
Science Museum, museum that is the headquarters of Britain’s National Museum of Science and Industry and is one of the greatest museums of science and technology in the world. It is located in South Kensington, London, near the Natural History Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum.
The Science Museu... |
3ba7baf31c6d6df21ccd28093e42ece9 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scientific-Humanitarian-Committee | Scientific-Humanitarian Committee | Scientific-Humanitarian Committee
…with the founding of the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee (Wissenschaftlich-humanitäres Komitee; WhK) in Berlin. Their first activity was a petition to call for the repeal of Paragraph 175 of the Imperial Penal Code (submitted 1898, 1922, and 1925). The committee published emancipati... |
6b6ff933f10ca87363c34a06c06d5064 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/scientific-realism | Scientific realism | Scientific realism
The dispute between scientific realists and antirealists, though often associated with conflicting ontological attitudes toward the unobserved (and perhaps unobservable) entities ostensibly postulated by some scientific theories, primarily concerns the status of the theories themselves and what scien... |
3df455c46795fc51df1d98f5bf3fff79 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scorpius-X-1 | Scorpius X-1 | Scorpius X-1
Scorpius X-1, (catalog number Sco X-1), brightest X-ray source in the sky, the first such object discovered in the direction of the constellation Scorpius. Detected in 1962, its X-radiation is not only strong but, like other X-ray sources, quite variable as well. Its variability exhibits two states, one a... |
29211a16dba2c6d06626ac1832670e83 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scots-Gaelic-language | Scots Gaelic language | Scots Gaelic language
Scots Gaelic language, also called Scottish Gaelic, Scots Gaelic Gàidhlig, a member of the Goidelic group of Celtic languages, spoken along the northwest coast of Scotland and in the Hebrides islands. Australia, the United States, and Canada (particularly Nova Scotia) are also home to Scots Gaeli... |
fb06f41fb73989ae694dd4ed416a847c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scottish-law | Scottish law | Scottish law
Scottish law, the legal practices and institutions of Scotland.
At the union of the parliaments of England and Scotland in 1707, the legal systems of the two countries were very dissimilar. Scotland, mainly in the preceding century, had adopted as a guide much of the Roman law that had been developed by t... |
45b18989f2c26bae2eff9df3cd819202 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scottish-National-Party | Scottish National Party | Scottish National Party
Scottish National Party (SNP), nationalist political party that has sought to make Scotland an independent state within the European Union (EU).
The SNP was formed in 1934 from a union of the National Party of Scotland (founded in 1928) and the Scottish Party (1932). From the beginning, disagre... |
0ea8fdae658c550191a13d7bf0093a8c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scribbled-in-the-Dark | Scribbled in the Dark | Scribbled in the Dark
Scribbled in the Dark was published in 2017. Simic received a Pulitzer Prize for poetry for The World Doesn’t End (1989). His other honours include the Wallace Stevens Award (2007) and the Frost Medal (2011).
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4afe992934e597c16f98564455bbae74 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/scribe | Scribe | Scribe
At royal command, scribes searched out and collected or copied texts of every genre from temple libraries. These were added to the basic collection of tablets culled from Ashur, Calah, and Nineveh itself. The major group includes omen texts based on observations of events; on the behaviour and…
…designed for the... |
849704a2c4b60d17e02c3556ea11a39a | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scrubs | Scrubs | Scrubs
Scrubs, medical-themed American television comedy that aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) network for seven seasons beginning in 2001 before moving to the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) network; the show ended in 2010. Much praised by critics, Scrubs received a George Foster Peabody Award in ... |
9362187a8f38dc964c8a18f108a836e3 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/scyphatus | Scyphatus | Scyphatus
…shape, hence the name nummi scyphati (cup money); gold scyphati declined in purity until, under Nicephorus III (1078–81), they were very base. Silver remained generally scarce; the issue of bronze became uneven. New conventions in legends and types were introduced: Constantine IX (1042–55) showed on his silv... |
f1aea0a4a390daaec2f9ccd2a074ec37 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/sea-grant | Sea grant | Sea grant
Sea grant, a grant-in-aid to an American academic or scientific institution to enhance development of coastal and marine resources in the Great Lakes and the oceans around the United States. The sea-grant program was established by act of U.S. Congress in 1966 and was originally administered by the National ... |
048fc7677312f1a03feed362653884a4 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sea-People | Sea People | Sea People
Sea People, any of the groups of aggressive seafarers who invaded eastern Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, Cyprus, and Egypt toward the end of the Bronze Age, especially in the 13th century bce. They are held responsible for the destruction of old powers such as the Hittite empire. Because of the abrupt break in... |
bac3191ba7fc8a22133b83be212f483d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/sea-power | Sea power | Sea power
Sea power, means by which a nation extends its military power onto the seas. Measured in terms of a nation’s capacity to use the seas in defiance of rivals and competitors, it consists of such diverse elements as combat craft and weapons, auxiliary craft, commercial shipping, bases, and trained personnel. A... |
96affcc1cee818b6f2817f93cdc35ec7 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seabiscuit-film | Seabiscuit | Seabiscuit
His subsequent films include Seabiscuit (2003), Stick It (2006), and Iron Man (2008), which was based on the Marvel Comics comic strip. In 2009 Bridges starred with George Clooney in The Men Who Stare at Goats, a comedy that centres on a secret U.S. Army unit trained to use…
…play a horse trainer in Seabiscu... |
456fe8f8aebba0a5a6e0dc6ded7ce02e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seagram-Company-Ltd | Seagram Company Ltd. | Seagram Company Ltd.
Seagram Company Ltd., former Canadian corporation that was the world’s largest producer and distributor of distilled spirits.
The company began when Distillers Corp., Ltd., a Montreal distillery owned by Samuel Bronfman, acquired Joseph E. Seagram & Sons in 1928. The new company, named Distillers ... |
9d92c95b3c9a79cafb661ddba8f81230 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/search-and-seizure | Search and seizure | Search and seizure
Search and seizure, practices engaged in by law enforcement officers in order to gain sufficient evidence to ensure the arrest and conviction of an offender. The latitude allowed police and other law enforcement agents in carrying out searches and seizures varies considerably from country to countr... |
6f7d7d9d45023bdef0a7956ff2a5fbe1 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Season-of-Glass | Season of Glass | Season of Glass
…Ice” (1981) and the album Season of Glass (1981), which captured her emotional reaction to Lennon’s death, among the highlights. Her later releases include Rising (1995), recorded with Sean’s band IMA, and Between My Head and the Sky (2009), for which she resurrected the Plastic Ono Band moniker. Begin... |
96cc28503ec0c1bcbca8e3b1ff613399 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seattle-Seahawks | Seattle Seahawks | Seattle Seahawks
Seattle Seahawks, American professional gridiron football team based in Seattle. The Seahawks play in the National Football Conference (NFC) of the National Football League (NFL) and have won one Super Bowl title (2014) and three NFC championships (2006, 2014, and 2015).
Along with fellow expansion te... |
f4d70ff35146bfc62bfe0acbc21c51c1 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Second-All-Russian-Congress-of-Soviets | Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets | Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets
…would attempt to disrupt the Second All-Russian Congress, scheduled to open on October 25 (November 7, New Style); they reacted by sending troops to take over key communications and transportation points of the city. Lenin, who had been in hiding, appeared on the scene to urge th... |
30f9ed2a62cc84902204ab585c913fef | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Second-Empire | Second Empire | Second Empire
Second Empire, (1852–70) period in France under the rule of Emperor Napoleon III (the original empire having been that of Napoleon I). In its early years (1852–59), the empire was authoritarian but enjoyed economic growth and pursued a favourable foreign policy. Liberal reforms were gradually introduced ... |
398ef59ed3476484d6f58526152264ea | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Second-Industrial-Revolution | Second Industrial Revolution | Second Industrial Revolution
As during the previous half century, much of the framework for Europe’s history following 1850 was set by rapidly changing social and economic patterns, which extended to virtually the entire continent. In western Europe, shifts were less dramatic than they had been…
Despite considerable ov... |
d7b9a95433178052eecf22bd9e0b87f1 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Second-International-Congress-of-Mathematics | Second International Congress of Mathematics | Second International Congress of Mathematics
…Congress of Philosophy and the Second International Congress of Mathematics held consecutively in Paris in August 1900. The overlap between the two congresses was extensive and fortunate for the future of logic and philosophy. Peano, Alessandro Padoa, Burali-Forti, Schröder... |
5af179bd56cbee1a12e9cf058781e6e8 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Second-Life | Second Life | Second Life
Second Life, life-simulation network on the Internet created in 2003 by the American company Linden Research, Inc. Second Life allows users to create and manage the lives of avatars they create in an advanced social setting with other online “Residents.”
Although it parallels a video game in some ways, Sec... |
550aabb553ede8d295f17a3f1b7ab2c8 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Second-Piano-Sonata | Second Piano Sonata | Second Piano Sonata
His monumental Second Piano Sonata (subtitled Concord, Mass., 1840–60), which was written from 1909 to 1915 and first performed in 1938, echoes the spirit of the New England Transcendentalists in its four sections, “Emerson,” “Hawthorne,” “The Alcotts,” and “Thoreau.” It contains tone clusters, quot... |
29d7ff868113e0ff49f6f45ebe1bd00e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Second-Republic-Lebanese-history | Second Republic | Second Republic
The immediate challenges of Lebanon’s post-civil war period were to reconstruct the country’s social and economic infrastructure and to institutionalize the political reforms agreed to at Ṭāʾif. The
|
80a5ceb93f8ca06bd4bbd59e31a88323 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Second-Republic-Spanish-history | Second Republic | Second Republic
The history of the Second Republic falls into four distinct phases: (1) the Provisional Government, which lasted until the religious issue forced its resignation in October 1931, (2) the governments of the Left Republicans and Socialists, which ruled from October 1931 and were…
…of 1931 that established... |
712afcd12e3af3a91c71c0b88781753c | https://www.britannica.com/topic/second-strike-capability | Secure second strike | Secure second strike
Secure second strike, the ability, after being struck by a nuclear attack, to strike back with nuclear weapons and cause massive damage to the enemy. Secure second strike capability was seen as a key nuclear deterrent during the Cold War. The strategy also partially explained the extraordinarily h... |
f66b7f744ca4bea0b90de12d49f04e4d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Second-String-Quartet | Second String Quartet | Second String Quartet
Ives conceived his Second String Quartet (1911–13; composition on second movement begun 1907) as a conversation, political argument, and reconciliation among four men; it is full of quotations from hymns, marches, and Beethoven, Brahms, and Tchaikovsky. His Variations on America (1891; additions b... |
7123f261302646084dab409c3f5c2765 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Second-Symphony-by-Rachmaninoff | Second Symphony | Second Symphony
Of these, the Symphony No. 2 is the most significant: it is a work of deep emotion and haunting thematic material. While touring, he was invited to become permanent conductor of the Boston Symphony, but he declined the offer and returned to Russia in February 1910.
|
67d888a230f025e69b2d573440863547 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/secondary-feeder | Secondary feeder | Secondary feeder
…community, and smaller-diameter pipelines called secondary feeders, which tie in to the mains. Usually not less than 150 mm (6 inches) in diameter, these pipelines are placed within the public right-of-way so that service connections can be made for all potential water users. The pipelines are usually... |
d38b2f36eafe47bfc5c35ee7c99f9ac9 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/secondary-modern-school | Secondary modern school | Secondary modern school
…students receive secondary education in secondary modern or grammar schools (these being remnants of the old tripartite school system), to which they are assigned after selective procedures at age 11.
|
ce87f48f9a9ed3a6d13487ad4c5507b6 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/secondary-motion | Secondary motion | Secondary motion
…introduce a proposition, or as secondary motions, which are designed to affect the main motion or its consideration. A main motion is in order only when there is no other business before an assembly. It yields in precedence to all other questions.
|
a4c509f876256c7c8a475c717bd7f547 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/secret-police | Secret police | Secret police
Secret police, Police established by national governments to maintain political and social control. Generally clandestine, secret police have operated independently of the civil police. Particularly notorious examples were the Nazi Gestapo, the Russian KGB, and the East German Stasi. Secret-police tactic... |
5aee39524b796d30d5b57acd5435587e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Securitate | Securitate | Securitate
The party also established the Securitate, the centrepiece of a vast security network. It dissolved private organizations of all kinds and severely curtailed the ability of churches to perform their spiritual and educational tasks. In their place, and mainly in order to mobilize public opinion, it created ma... |
7290b6f3d714d12afd05d3c14dd47583 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Securities-and-Exchange-Commission | Securities and Exchange Commission | Securities and Exchange Commission
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), U.S. regulatory commission established by Congress in 1934 after the Senate Committee on Banking and Currency investigated the New York Stock Exchange’s operations. The commission’s purpose was to restore investor confidence by ending mislead... |
058ee9eb077e84faa2d4fe19ad7f8f5d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/sedition | Sedition | Sedition
Sedition, crime against the state. Though sedition may have the same ultimate effect as treason, it is generally limited to the offense of organizing or encouraging opposition to government in a manner (such as in speech or writing) that falls short of the more dangerous offenses constituting treason.
The pu... |
7462bde29fc3307c2415681fcde1d8b7 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sefer-ha-zohar | Sefer ha-zohar | Sefer ha-zohar
Sefer ha-zohar, (Hebrew: “Book of Splendour”), 13th-century book, mostly in Aramaic, that is the classic text of esoteric Jewish mysticism, or Kabbala. Though esoteric mysticism was taught by Jews as early as the 1st century ad, the Zohar gave new life and impetus to mystical speculations through the 14... |
9f121559a520cf19339932a98ef465be | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Seimas | Seimas | Seimas
…president and a legislature, the Seimas, under a parliamentary system. The Seimas consists of 141 members, who are elected to four-year terms. The prime minister, formally appointed by the president, oversees the country’s day-to-day affairs and is generally the leader of the Seimas’s majority party. The presid... |
23cd8af2a4436f249034f1033d622ed8 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sekhmet | Sekhmet | Sekhmet
Sekhmet, also spelled Sakhmet, in Egyptian religion, a goddess of war and the destroyer of the enemies of the sun god Re. Sekhmet was associated both with disease and with healing and medicine. Like other fierce goddesses in the Egyptian pantheon, she was called the “Eye of Re.” She was the companion of the go... |
2b4bfb6ff05857068408d99547f9d3a8 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/self-fulfilling-prophecy | Self-fulfilling prophecy | Self-fulfilling prophecy
Self-fulfilling prophecy, process through which an originally false expectation leads to its own confirmation. In a self-fulfilling prophecy an individual’s expectations about another person or entity eventually result in the other person or entity acting in ways that confirm the expectations.... |
5d188d0db07827ea905900f7e5fe1912 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Semelaic-languages | Semelaic languages | Semelaic languages
Semelaic languages, also called Southern Aslian Languages, (from Malay orang asli, “aborigines”), subbranch of the Aslian branch of the Mon-Khmer language family, which is itself a part of the Austroasiatic stock. The subbranch consists of three languages spoken in southern and central Malaysia: Be... |
7ef92307f60584bc8fa7618979f004c1 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/semi-pukka | Semi-pukka | Semi-pukka
…bamboo, reeds, or thatch); and semi-pukka houses, which are a mix between the two. Housing stocks comprise an equal number of semi-pukka and katchi houses (about two-fifths each), and remaining houses (roughly one-fifth of the total) are the better-variety pukka houses. Urban areas are dominated by ramshack... |
7cadea6286458b739b54a50c0535bc55 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Senate-Roman-history | Senate | Senate
Senate, in ancient Rome, the governing and advisory council that proved to be the most permanent element in the Roman constitution.
Under the early monarchy the Senate developed as an advisory council; in 509 bc it contained 300 members, and a distinction existed within it between the heads of the greater and o... |
c7abe0ba9f9a1e59c46908d0789a2b9d | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sense-and-Sensibility-film-by-Lee | Sense and Sensibility | Sense and Sensibility
…Thompson wrote and starred in Sense and Sensibility, based on Jane Austen’s novel. The film was a critical and commercial success, and Thompson won an Academy Award for best adapted screenplay and a BAFTA Award for best actress. She also later married (2003) costar Greg Wise. In 2001 Thompson wro... |
8a7445922d7db09ff34e967ec237b882 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/sense-data | Sense-data | Sense-data
Sense-data, Entities that are the direct objects of sensation. Examples of sense-data are the circular image one sees when viewing the face of a penny and the oblong image one sees when viewing the penny from an angle. Other examples are the image one sees with one’s eyes closed after staring at a bright li... |
a92162d627c3913e3e300513d8908d28 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/sensitivity-training | Sensitivity training | Sensitivity training
Sensitivity training, psychological technique in which intensive group discussion and interaction are used to increase individual awareness of self and others; it is practiced in a variety of forms under such names as T-group, encounter group, human relations, and group-dynamics training. The gro... |
57ee21cbea6913d7fef2ff78944c6b25 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/sentence-law | Sentence | Sentence
Sentence, in law, formal judgment of a convicted defendant in a criminal case setting the punishment to be meted out. In civil cases the terms decision, award, and judgment are used.
Various types of sentences can be given. In cumulative sentences a defendant convicted on several counts receives a separate s... |
c1d8e5b9fdec1dccc7b1c23158cf0592 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/separation-of-powers | Separation of powers | Separation of powers
Separation of powers, division of the legislative, executive, and judicial functions of government among separate and independent bodies. Such a separation, it has been argued, limits the possibility of arbitrary excesses by government, since the sanction of all three branches is required for the ... |
767079db5a298b8e51e86166721c343e | https://www.britannica.com/topic/seppuku | Seppuku | Seppuku
Seppuku, (Japanese: “self-disembowelment”) also called hara-kiri, also spelled harakiri, the honourable method of taking one’s own life practiced by men of the samurai (military) class in feudal Japan. The word hara-kiri (literally, “belly-cutting”), though widely known to foreigners, is rarely used by Japanes... |
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