REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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49,190 | Determining the frequency of open windows in motor vehicles: a pilot study using a video camera in Houston, Texas during high temperature conditions | Long, T; Johnson, T; Ollison, W | 2,002 | Researchers have developed a variety of computer-based models to estimate population exposure to air pollution. These models typically estimate exposures by simulating the movement of specific population groups through defined microenvironments. Exposures in the motor vehicle microenvironment are significantly affected... | 0 |
54,057 | Characterization and dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen at the mid-Atlantic United States coast | Russell, KM | 2,002 | Atmospheric deposition is a substantial source of nutrient nitrogen to coastal water bodies in the mid-Atlantic region. Fluxes of nitrogen via wet deposition to these systems are fairly well-quantified, but those for dry deposition remain uncertain. This is primarily due to the existence of only a small number of coast... | 0 |
47,062 | Heterogeneous reactions of HNO3 with flame soot generated under different combustion conditions Reaction mechanism and kinetics | Munoz, MSS; Rossi, MJ | 2,002 | The reaction of HNO3 with decane (C10H22) soot generated in the laboratory has been studied in a Knudsen flow reactor. Two different types of soot were produced: Soot originating from a rich flame of decane and air (grey soot) and soot generated from a leaner flame of decane and air (black soot). Both HNO3 uptake and p... | 0 |
35,430 | Contending with space-time interaction in the spatial prediction of pollution: Vancouver's hourly ambient PM10 field | Zidek, J; Sun, L; Le, N; Ozkaynak, H | 2,002 | #In this article we describe an approach for predicting average hourly concentrations of ambient PM10 in Vancouver. We know our solution also applies to hourly ozone fields and believe it may be quite generally applicable. We use a hierarchical Bayesian approach. At the primary level we model the logarithmic field as a... | 0 |
35,312 | Estimating the public health benefits of proposed air pollution regulations | null | 2,002 | A report from the National Academy of Sciences which reviews current methods of regulatory benefits analysis applied to issues of air pollution and recommends best principles for estimating the number of premature deaths that can be prevented by regulatory action. | 0 |
47,604 | The mechanisms of atmospheric oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons | Calvert, JG; Atkinson, R; Becker, KH; Kamens, RM; Seinfeld, JH; Wallington, TJ; Yarwood, G | 2,002 | null | 0 |
55,125 | Comparison of airborne measured and calculated spectral actinic flux and derived photolysis frequencies during the PEM Tropics B mission | Shetter, RE; Cinquini, L; Lefer, BL; Hall, SR; Madronich, S | 2,002 | Scanning actinic flux spectroradiometer (SAFS) instruments were deployed on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) DC-8 and P-3B research aircraft for the Pacific Exploratory Mission in the Tropical Pacific (PEM Tropics B mission). The SAFS instruments measured the wavelength-dependent downwelling and... | 0 |
53,393 | Fast nitrogen oxide photochemistry in Summit, Greenland snow | Dibb, JE; Arsenault, M; Peterson, MC | 2,002 | During the 1999 summer field season at Summit, Greenland, we conducted several series of experiments to follow up on our 1998 discovery that NOx is released from the sunlit snowpack. The 1999 experiments included measurements of HONO in addition to NO and NO2, and were designed to confirm, for Greenland snow, that the ... | 0 |
25,205 | Meta-analysis of time-series studies of air pollution and mortality: Effects of gases and particles and the influence of cause of death, age, and season | Stieb, DM; Judek, S; Burnett, RT | 2,002 | A comprehensive, systematic synthesis was conducted of daily time-series studies of air pollution and mortality from around the world. Estimates of effect sizes were extracted from 109 studies, from single- and multipollutant models, and by cause of death, age, and season. Random effects pooled estimates of excess all-... | 0 |
25,811 | Effect of ozone exposure on allergic sensitization and airway inflammation induced by dendritic cells | Depuydt, PO; Lambrecht, BN; Joos, GF; Pauwels, RA | 2,002 | BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest that ozone exposure is related to increased asthma symptoms. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the principal antigen-presenting cells in the airways. OBJECTIVE: We have examined whether ambient doses of ozone (100 ppb for 2 h) enhance allergic sensitization and/or airway inflammation... | 0 |
47,005 | Ozone, physical activity and asthma | null | 2,002 | N/A. | 0 |
57,104 | Monitoring of erythemal irradiance in the Argentine ultraviolet network | Cede, A; Luccini, E; Nunez, L; Piacentini, RD; Blumthaler, M | 2,002 | The Ultraviolet (UV) Monitoring Network of the Argentine Servicio Meteorologico Nacional (National Weather Service) consists at present of nine stations from 22 degree to 64 degree latitude south equipped with biometers, broadband instruments that measure the erythemal irradiance. After a complete calibration of the in... | 0 |
33,740 | Heat waves in Madrid 1986-1997: effects on the health of the elderly | Diaz, J; Jordan, A; Garcia, R; Lopez, C; Alberdi, JC; Hernandez, E; Otero, A | 2,002 | OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to analyse and quantify the effects exerted on summer mortality by extremes of heat, particularly among persons aged 65-74 and 75 years and over, groups in which mortality is higher. METHODS: The study included the period from 1 January 1986 to 31 December 1997, for all people ... | 0 |
53,973 | Comparison of isoprene emission, intercellular isoprene concentration and photosynthetic performance with water-limited oak (Quercus pubescens Willd and Quercus robur L) saplings | Bruggemann, N; Schnitzler, JP | 2,002 | The influence of prolonged water limitation on leaf gas exchange, isoprene emission, isoprene synthase activities and intercellular isoprene concentrations was investigated under standard conditions (30?C leaf temperature and 1000 Amol photons m-2 s-1 PPFD) in greenhouse experiments with five-year-old pubescent oak (Q... | 0 |
36,603 | Interplay between the energetics of foraging and thermoregulatory costs in the green-backed firecrown hummingbird Sephanoides sephaniodes | Fernandez, MJ; Lopez-Calleja, MV; Bozinovic, F | 2,002 | In response to the interplay between variation in food quality and energetic demands, the foraging behaviour of captive green-backed firecrown hummingbirds Sephanoides sephaniodes was studied. Hummingbirds were exposed to two temperatures (25"degree"C vs 15"degree"C), two food qualities (0.5 vs 0.75 m sucrose solutions... | 0 |
57,171 | A history of ultraviolet photobiology for humans, animals and microorganisms | Hockberger, PE | 2,002 | null | 0 |
55,017 | Assessment of four methods to estimate surface UV radiation using satellite data, by comparison with ground measurements from four stations in Europe | Arola, A; Kalliskota, S; Den Outer, PN; Edvardsen, K; Hansen, G; Koskela, T; Martin, TJ; Matthijsen, J; Meerkoetter, R; Peeters, P; Seckmeyer, G; Simon, PC; Slaper, H; Taalas, P; Verdebout, J | 2,002 | Four different satellite-UV mapping methods are assessed by comparing them against ground-based measurements. The study includes most of the variability found in geographical, meteorological and atmospheflc conditions. Three of the methods did not show any significant systematic bias, except during snow cover. The mean... | 0 |
26,045 | Vascular endothelial growth factor causally contributes to the angiogenic response upon ultraviolet B irradiation in vivo | Blaudschun, R; Sunderkotter, C; Brenneisen, P; Hinrichs, R; Peters, T; Schneider, L; Razi-Wolf, Z; Hunzelmann, N; Scharffetter-Kochanek, K | 2,002 | Background Ultraviolet (UV)-B irradiation has been shown to be an inducer of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in primary keratinocytes and epidermal cell lines in vitro. Objectives To determine the expression pattern and the causal role of VEGF in the UVB-mediated angiogenic response in vivo in human skin and... | 0 |
57,243 | Aerosol--radiation interaction in the cloudless atmosphere during LACE 98: 2 Aerosol-induced solar irradiance changes determined from airborne pyranometer measurements and calculations | Wendling, P; Stifter, A; Mayer, B; Fiebig, M; Kiemle, C; Flentje, H; Wendisch, M; Armbruster, W; Leiterer, U; Hoyningen-Huene, WV; Petzold, A | 2,002 | One of the goals of the aerosol column closure experiment Lindenberg Aerosol Characterization Experiment (LACE 98) that was carried out over the eastern part of Germany in summer 1998 was to reduce uncertainties in the determination of the radiative effects of aerosol particles over land. For this purpose, a variety of... | 0 |
26,073 | Chemosensory irritation and the lung | Nowak, D | 2,002 | Airway irritation involves a variety of reflex mechanisms. Tracheal and bronchial C fibres and rapidly adapting fibres mediate cough, bronchoconstriction, and mucosal vasodilation. Workplace respiratory irritants can have a variety of effects in relation to asthma. Very high exposures can cause new-onset asthma, clinic... | 0 |
25,731 | Association between exhaled nitric oxide, ambient air pollution and respiratory health in school children | Fischer, PH; Steerenberg, PA; Snelder, JD; Van Loveren, H; Van Amsterdam, JGC | 2,002 | Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the level of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) provides a more sensitive measure to assess adverse pulmonary effects of air pollution than conventional lung function indices. Method: The non-selected cohort studied consisted of 68 children (aged 10-11 years) living i... | 0 |
30,358 | Effects of air pollution on general practitioner consultations for upper respiratory diseases in London | Hajat, S; Anderson, HR; Atkinson, RW; Haines, A | 2,002 | Objectives: Few published studies have examined the effect of air pollution on upper respiratory conditions. Furthermore, most epidemiological studies on air pollution focus on mortality or hospital admissions as the main health outcomes, but very rarely consider the effect in primary care. If pollution effects do exis... | 0 |
30,371 | The EMECAM project: a multicentre study on air pollution and mortality in Spain: combined results for particulates and for sulfur dioxide | Ballester, F; Saez, M; Perez-Hoyos, S; Iniguez, C; Gandarillas, A; Tobias, A; Bellido, J; Taracido, M; Arribas, F; Daponte, A; Alonso, E; Canada, A; Guillen-Grima, F; Cirera, L; Perez-Boillos, MJ; Saurina, C; Gomez, F; Tenias, JM | 2,002 | OBJECTIVE: The EMECAM study is a collaborative effort to evaluate the impact of air pollution on mortality in Spain. In this paper the combined results are presented for the short term effects of particulates and sulfur dioxide on both daily mortality for all and for specific causes. METHODS: The relation between daily... | 0 |
41,632 | Repeated ozone exposures enhance bronchial allergen responses in subjects with rhinitis or asthma | Holz, O; Mucke, M; Paasch, K; Bohme, S; Timm, P; Richter, K; Magnussen, H; Jorres, RA | 2,002 | BACKGROUND: Single exposures to > 200 p.p.b. of ozone are capable of enhancing the early-phase lung function response to allergen. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of single vs. repeated exposures to ozone on early and late-phase allergen responses. METHODS: Eleven subjects with allergi... | 1 |
42,775 | Pollutional and meteorological factors are closely related to complaints of non-allergic, non-infectious perennial rhinitis patients: a time series model | Braat, JPM; Mulder, PG; Duivenvoorden, HJ; Gerth van Wijk, R; Rijntjes, E; Fokkens, WJ | 2,002 | BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies in the past have focused on meteorological conditions, pollution and pollen and their relationship with symptoms of bronchial hyper-reactivity, however, there are no epidemiological studies which examine a wide range of such factors and determine their role in nasal hyper-reactivity.... | 0 |
101,277 | On ozone dry deposition - With emphasis on non-stomatal uptake and wet canopies | Zhang, L; Brook, JR; Vet, R | 2,002 | Measurements of O-3 fluxes and concentrations over five
different sites were used to study O-3 dry deposition. It was found that high humidity, dew and
rain increase O-3 uptake by canopy cuticles. However, the increase by cuticle uptake maybe offset
by a decrease in stomatal uptake due to weak solar radiation or ... | 0 |
670,826 | Glutathione S-transferase GSTP1 is a susceptibility gene for occupational asthma induced by isocyanates | Mapp, CE; Fryer, AA; De Marzo, N; Pozzato, V; Padoan, M; Boschetto, P; Strange, RC; Hemmingsen, A; Spiteri, MA | 2,002 | Background: Polymorphism at the ? class glutathione-S-transferase locus (GSTP1) is associated with allergen-induced asthma and related phenotypes. Objective: We sought to determine whether GSTP1 polymorphism influences susceptibility to asthma induced by toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Methods: The role of GSTP1 was assess... | 1 |
195,253 | Photodegradation of thermoplastic elastomeric rubber-polyethylene blends | Bhowmick, AK; Heslop, J; White, JR | 2,002 | The photodegradation of a new family of thermoplastic elastomers, based on blends of natural rubber and polyethylene, was studied with laboratory ultraviolet exposures in the unstrained state and under tensile strain (25 and 50%). Strained exposure caused reduction of the strain to failure in subsequent tensile tests. ... | 0 |
87,781 | Interpretation of TOMS observations of tropical tropospheric ozone with a global model and in-situ observations | Martin, RV; Jacob, DJ; Logan, JA; Bey, I; Yantosca, RM; Staudt, AC; Li, Q; Fiore, AM; Duncan, BN; Liu, H; Ginoux, P; Thouret, V | 2,002 | We interpret the distribution of tropical tropospheric ozone columns (TTOCs) from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) by using a global three-dimensional model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS-CHEM) and additional information from in situ observations. The GEOS-CHEM TTOCs capture 44% of the variance of monthly m... | 0 |
53,179 | Restoring wild salmon to the Pacific Northwest: framing the risk question | Lackey, RT | 2,002 | In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, it is urgent to assess accurately the various options proposed to restore wild salmon. For the past 150 years, a variety of analytic approaches have been employed to assess the ecological consequences of salmon management options. Each approach provided useful information ... | 0 |
35,333 | Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide as signalling molecules in plants | Neill, SJ; Desikan, R; Clarke, A; Hurst, RD; Hancock, JT | 2,002 | It is now clear that hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) function as signalling molecules in plants. A wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses results in H(2)O(2) generation, from a variety of sources. H(2)O(2) is removed from cells via a number of anti-oxidant mechanisms, both enzymatic and non-enzyma... | 0 |
30,281 | The effect of air pollution on inner-city children with asthma | Mortimer, KM; Neas, LM; Dockery, DW; Redline, S; Tager, IB | 2,002 | The effect of daily ambient air pollution was examined within a cohort of 846 asthmatic children residing in eight urban areas of the USA, using data from the National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study. Daily air pollution concentrations were extracted from the Aerometric Information Retrieval System database from th... | 1 |
132,790 | Increased ozone-induced airway neutrophilic inflammation in extracellular-superoxide dismutase null mice | Jonsson, LM; Edlund, T; Marklund, SL; Sandstrom, T | 2,002 | Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) exists primarily in the tissue interstitium and the lung contains particularly large amounts of the enzyme. To determine the roles of EC-SOD and extracellularly formed superoxide radicals in the pulmonary response to the common air pollutant ozone, wild-type mice and mice lac... | 0 |
35,447 | Taking a world view of asthma | McGovern, V | 2,002 | N/A. | 0 |
25,839 | Effects of daily variation in outdoor particulates and ambient acid species in normal and asthmatic children | Ward, DJ; Roberts, KT; Jones, N; Harrison, RM; Ayres, JG; Hussain, S; Walters, S | 2,002 | Background: Evidence suggests that the respiratory health of children may be adversely affected by daily variation in outdoor pollutants, particularly ozone and particulates. However, data from the UK are sparse and the contribution of different particulate fractions and acid species, together with the identification o... | 1 |
36,226 | Summer-time distribution of air pollutants in Sequoia National Park, California | Bytnerowicz, A; Tausz, M; Alonso, R; Jones, D; Johnson, R; Grulke, N | 2,002 | Concentrations of air pollutants were monitored during the May-November 1999 period on a network of forested sites in Sequoia National Park, California. Measurements were conducted with: (1) active monitors for nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3); (2) honeycomb denuder/filter pack systems for nitri... | 0 |
26,134 | Ozone interactions with carpet: secondary emissions of aldehydes | Morrison, GC; Nazaroff, WW | 2,002 | #Ozone-induced formation of aldehydes was studied on the surface and in the gas phase above carpets and on carpet components. Samples of four carpets were exposed to 100 ppb ozone. Emission rates of aldehydes and other organic compounds were measured from exposed and unexposed samples. Surface interactions of ozone wit... | 0 |
80,052 | Expression of a vegetative-storage-protein gene form Arabidopsis is regulated by copper, senescence and ozone | Mira, H; Martinez, N; Penarrubia, L | 2,002 | null | 0 |
41,872 | Growth and marketable-yield responses of potato to increased CO2 and ozone | Craigon, J; Fangmeier, A; Jones, M; Donnelly, A; Bindi, M; De Temmerman, L; Persson, K; Ojanpera, K | 2,002 | null | 0 |
45,349 | Importance of organic and black carbon in atmospheric aerosols at Mace Head, on the west coast of Ireland (53 degrees 19' N, 9 degrees 54' W) | Kleefeld, S; Hoffer, A; Krivacsy, Z; Jennings, SG | 2,002 | The mass concentrations of total organic carbon (TC) and its chemical fractions, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-insoluble organic carbon (WISOC), and black carbon (BC), were determined in marine aerosols, which were collected during the period July 1998uSeptember 1999 at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research S... | 0 |
30,592 | Bad air and birth defects | Renner, R | 2,002 | N/A. | 0 |
34,826 | Air pollution and asthma among children in Seoul, Korea | Lee, JT; Kim, H; Song, H; Hong, YC; Cho, YS; Shin, SY; Hyun, YJ; Kim, YS | 2,002 | BACKGROUND. As information about the health risks associated with air pollution has become available, attention has focused increasingly on susceptible persons such as children and persons with preexisting respiratory diseases, such as asthma. METHODS. We investigated the association between outdoor air pollution and a... | 0 |
55,023 | Measurements and modeling of photolysis rates during the photochemical activity and ultraviolet radiation (PAUR) II campaign | Balis, DS; Zerefos, CS; Kourtidis, K; Bais, AF; Hofzumahaus, A; Kraus, A; Schmitt, R; Blumthaler, M; Gobbi, GP | 2,002 | In this paper we compare radiative transfer model calculations of the actinic flux in the UV spectral region with airborne measurements of the actinic flux, obtained during the Photochemical Activity and Ultraviolet Radiation (PAUR) campaign, which took place in the Aegean Sea, Greece, in June 1996, in order to assess ... | 0 |
55,375 | Trends and variability of ground-level O3 in Connecticut over the period 1981-1997 | Yeng, J; Miller, DR | 2,002 | The temporal and spatial characteristics of ground-level (tropospheric) O3 measured at 10 monitoring stations in Connecticut were studied from 1981 to 1997. To detect the O3 trend caused by changes in precursor emissions, moving average filters and a linear leastsquared regression model were used to eliminate the short... | 0 |
35,462 | Non-eosinophilic asthma: importance and possible mechanisms | Douwes, J; Gibson, P; Pekkanen, J; Pearce, N | 2,002 | There is increasing evidence that inflammatory mechanisms other than eosinophilic inflammation may be involved in producing the final common pathway of enhanced bronchial reactivity and reversible airflow obstruction that characterises asthma. A review of the literature has shown that, at most, only 50% of asthma cases... | 0 |
51,231 | Clean air status trends network (CASTNet) 2000 annual report | Lavery, TF; Rogers, CM; Howell, HK; Burnett, MC; Wanta, CA | 2,002 | null | 0 |
625,808 | Exhaled breath condensate: An evolving tool for noninvasive evaluation of lung disease | Hunt, J | 2,002 | Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) contains aerosolized airway lining fluid and volatile compounds that provide noninvasive indications of ongoing biochemical and inflammatory activities in the lung. Rapid increase in interest in EBC has resulted from the recognition that in lung disease this easily sampled fluid has meas... | 1 |
30,473 | Effect of ozone on bronchial mucosal inflammation in asthmatic and healthy subjects | Stenfors, N; Pourazar, J; Blomberg, A; Krishna, MT; Mudway, I; Helleday, R; Kelly, FJ; Frew, AJ; Sandstrom, T | 2,002 | Epidemiological studies suggest that asthmatics are more affected by ozone than healthy people. This study tested three hypotheses (1) that short-term exposure to ozone induces inflammatory cell increases and up-regulation of vascular adhesion molecules in airway lavages and bronchial tissue 6 h after ozone exposure in... | 1 |
25,936 | Measurements of personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide in four Mexican cities in 1996 | Ramirez-Aguilar, M; Cicero-Fernandez, P; Winer, AM; Romieu, I; Meneses-Gonzalez, F; Hernandez-Avila, M | 2,002 | Nitrogen dioxide is a ubiquitous pollutant in urban areas. Indoor NO2 concentrations are influenced by penetration of outdoor concentrations and by indoor sources. The objectives of this study were to evaluate personal exposure to NO2 , taking into account human time-activity patterns in four Mexican cities. Passive fi... | 0 |
37,779 | Airway function, oedema, cell infiltration and nitric oxide generation in conscious ozone-exposed guinea pigs: effects of dexamethasone and rolipram | Toward, TJ; Broadley, KJ | 2,002 | #1. The effects of ozone inhalation (90 min, 2.15+/-0.05 p.p.m.) and their modification by dexamethasone (20 mg kg(-1)) or the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, rolipram (1 mg kg(-1)), administered (i.p.) 24 and 0.5 h before and 24 h after ozone exposure were examined in conscious guinea-pigs. 2. Ozone caused an early-pha... | 0 |
30,637 | Synergism between rhinovirus infection and oxidant pollutant exposure enhances airway epithelial cell cytokine production | Spannhake, EW; Reddy, SPM; Jacoby, DB; Yu, XY; Saatian, B; Tian, J | 2,002 | #Of the several factors believed to exacerbate asthmatic symptoms, air pollution and viral infections are considered to be particularly important. Although evidence indicates that each of these respiratory insults individually can increase asthma severity in susceptible individuals, we know little about the extent to w... | 1 |
44,160 | Global ozone concentrations and regional air quality | Derwent, R; Collins, W; Johnson, C; Stevenson, D | 2,002 | N/A. | 0 |
34,984 | A review of the epidemiologic evidence linking ultraviolet radiation and cataracts | McCarty, CA; Taylor, HR | 2,002 | Background/Aims: Cataract is the most common cause of blindness in the world and there are currently no strategies to prevent it. The aim of this paper is to review the epidemiologic evidence linking ultraviolet (UV) radiation and cataract.
Methods: Published epidemiologic research articles on UV and cataract were revi... | 0 |
35,459 | Ozone-induced DNA single strand-breaks in guinea pig tracheobronchial epithelial cells in vivo | Ferng, SF | 2,002 | Two-month-old male guinea pigs (Dunkin-Hartley strain, specific pathogen free), 4 in each group, were exposed to 0.00, 0.45, and 1.00 ppm O3 for 72 h. The trachea with two main bronchi was removed from each animal after O3 exposure. The trachea lavage fluid was used to measure the protein content as an index of altered... | 0 |
35,455 | The relationship between alveolar epithelial proliferation and airway obstruction after ozone exposure | Jang, AS; Choi, IS; Koh, YI; Park, CS; Lee, JS | 2,002 | Background: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a component of multiprotein complexes that are expressed during cell proliferation. Ozone induces cell necrosis and a consequent increase in cell proliferation. Methods: To investigate the effects of acute ozone inhalation on cell proliferation and airway obstruc... | 0 |
35,452 | Attenuation and recovery of pulmonary injury in rats following short-term, repeated daily exposure to ozone | Van Bree, L; Dormans, JAMA; Koren, HS; Devlin, RB; Rombout, PJA | 2,002 | Controlled human and epidemiology studies have demonstrated that during repeated exposure to ozone (O3) attenuation of lung function responses may occur. It is yet unknown whether inflammatory and biochemical effects in lower airways of humans, as observed upon single O3 exposure, also show a diminutive response follow... | 1 |
47,726 | Stratospheric versus pollution influences on ozone at Bermuda: reconciling past analyses | Li, Q; Jacob, DJ; Fairlie, TD; Liu, H; Mar | 2,002 | Conflicting interpretations of the spring ozone maximum observed at Bermuda (32 degrees N, 65 degrees W) have fueled the debate on stratospheric influence versus tropospheric production as sources of tropospheric ozone. We use a global three-dimensional (3-D) model of tropospheric ozone-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry driven... | 0 |
42,769 | Respiratory function and atmospheric pollution | Grella, E; Paciocco, G; Caterino, U; Mazzarella, G | 2,002 | The effects of environmental pollutants on human health and, in particular, on the respiratory apparatus, can be studied fundamentally by means of epidemiological and controlled exposure studies. One epidemiological study has reported the results of research which compared pulmonary function in adults with the average ... | 0 |
25,661 | The effect of opening windows on air change rates in two homes | Howard-Reed, C; Wallace, LA; Ott, WR | 2,002 | More than 300 air change rate experiments were completed in two occupied residences: a two-story detached house in Redwood City, CA, and a three-story townhouse in Reston, VA. A continuous monitor was used to measure the decay of SF 6 tracer gas over periods of 1-18 hr. Each experiment first included a measurement of t... | 0 |
35,456 | Upper airway and pulmonary effects of oxidation products of (+)-"alpha"-pinene, d-limonene, and isoprene in BALB/c mice | Rohr, AC; Wilkins, CK; Clausen, PA; Hammer, M; Nielsen, GD; Wolkoff, P; Spengler, JD | 2,002 | The oxidation products (OPs) of ozone and the unsaturated hydrocarbons d-limonene, (+)-"alpha"-pinene, and isoprene have previously been shown to cause upper airway irritation in mice during 30-min acute exposures. This study evaluated the effects of OPs and the hydrocarbons themselves on the upper airways, the conduct... | 0 |
34,743 | Effects of diesel exhaust enriched concentrated PM25 in ozone preexposed or monocrotaline-treated rats | Cassee, FR; Boere, AJF; Bos, J; Fokkens, PHB | 2,002 | Epidemiological studies have observed statistical associations between short-term exposure to increased ambient particulate air pollution and increased hospital admissions, medication use, pulmonary morbidity, and mortality. To examine the effects of particle air pollution in animals, rats with a preexisting pulmonary ... | 0 |
89,209 | Toxicological evaluation of complex mixtures by pattern recognition: correlating chemical fingerprints to mutagenicity | Eide, I; Neverdal, G; Thorvaldsen, B; Grung, B; Kvalheim, OM | 2,002 | We describe the use of pattern recognition and multivariate regression in the assessment of complex mixtures by correlating chemical fingerprints to the mutagenicity of the mixtures. Mixtures were 20 organic extracts of exhaust particles, each containing 102-170 individual compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocar... | 0 |
57,300 | Oxidized phospholipids derived from ozone-treated lung surfactant extract reduce macrophage and epithelial cell viability | Uhlson, C; Harrison, K; Allen, CB; Ahmad, S; White, CW; Murphy, RC | 2,002 | Ozone is known to be a highly toxic gas present in the urban air which exerts its effect on pulmonary tissue through its facile chemical reactions with target molecules in the airway. One of the first barriers encountered by ozone is epithelial lining fluid which contains pulmonary surfactant rich in glycerophosphochol... | 0 |
81,018 | Growth responses of yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L) exposed to 5 years of O3 alone or combined with elevated CO2 | Rebbeck, J; Scherzer, AJ | 2,002 | Field-grown yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) werefumigated from May to October in 1992-96 within open-topchambers to determine the impact of ozone (O3) aloneor combined with elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) on saplinggrowth. Treatments were replicated three times and included: charcoal-filteredair (CF); 1 x ambi... | 0 |
92,942 | Sources of nutrient pollution to coastal waters in the United States: Implications for achieving coastal water quality goals | Howarth, RW; Sharpley, A; Walker, D | 2,002 | Some 60% of coastal rivers and bays in the U.S. have been moderately to severely degraded by nutrient pollution. Both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contribute to the problem, although for most coastal systems N additions cause more damage. Globally, human activity has increased the flux of N and P from land to the oc... | 0 |
36,588 | Trichloroacetic acid in the environment | Mcculloch, A | 2,002 | Suppositions that the trichloroacetic acid (TCA, CCl3C(O)OH) found in nature was a consequence solely of the use of chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents prompted this critical review of the literature on its environmental fluxes and occurrences. TCA is widely distributed in forest soils (where it was rarely used as an herb... | 0 |
53,175 | Age effects on Norway spruce (Picea abies) susceptibility to ozone uptake: a novel approach relating stress avoidance to defense | Wieser, G; Tegischer, K; Tausz, M; Haberle, KH; Grams, TEE; Matyssek, R | 2,002 | Cumulative ozone (O3) uptake and O3 flux were related to physiological, morphological and biochemical characteristics of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees of different ages. Under ambient CO2 conditions, photosynthetic capacity (Amax) declined in mature trees when cumulative O3 uptake into needles, which pr... | 0 |
72,746 | The importance of meteorology in determining surface ozone concentrations - a neural network approach | Latini, G; Grifoni, RC; Passerini, G | 2,002 | In this paper are investigated the effects of local meteorology on surface ozone concentrations on an hourly basis for a period of at least one year in a complex coastal area where land-sea breezes influence ozone concentrations. Because ozone formation is a non-linear process, feed-forward back propagation neural netw... | 0 |
30,658 | Spatial variation of airborne pollutant concentrations in Brisbane, Australia and its potential impact on population exposure assessment | Morawska, L; Vishvakarman, D; Mengersen, K; Thomas, S | 2,002 | #Spread of air pollution sources and non-uniform mixing conditions in urban or regional air sheds often result in spatial variation of pollutant concentrations over different parts of the air sheds. A comprehensive understanding of this variation of concentrations is imperative for informed planning, monitoring and ass... | 0 |
26,052 | Short-term effects of low-level air pollution on respiratory health of adults suffering from moderate to severe asthma | Desqueyroux, H; Pujet, JC; Prosper, M; Squinazi, F; Momas, I | 2,002 | Only a few studies have been carried out on the health effects of air pollution on patients suffering from severe asthma. We wanted to test the sensitivity of these patients to Paris air pollution. During 13 months, 60 severe asthmatics (62% female; mean age 55 years) were monitored by their physician, who filled in a ... | 0 |
35,574 | Proinflammatory and Th1 cytokine alterations following ultraviolet radiation enhancement of disease due to influenza infection in mice | Ryan, LK; Copeland, LR; Daniels, MJ; Costa, ER; Selgrade, MJK | 2,002 | Exposure of rodents to immunosuppressive agents such as ozone, dioxin, or ultraviolet radiation (UVR) leads to increased morbidity and mortality following influenza virus infection. However, these adverse effects are not related to the suppression of virus-specific immune responses. Our laboratory showed that UVR incre... | 0 |
26,067 | The influence of ambient coarse particulate matter on asthma hospitalization in children: case-crossover and time-series analyses | Lin, M; Chen, Y; Burnett, RT; Villeneuve, PJ; Krewski, D | 2,002 | In this study, we used both case-crossover and time-series analyses to assess the associations between size-fractionated particulate matter and asthma hospitalization among children 6-12 years old living in Toronto between 1981 and 1993. Specifically, we used exposures averaged over periods varying from 1 to 7 days to ... | 0 |
52,752 | Transcriptional profiling reveals novel interactions between wounding, pathogen, abiotic stress, and hormonal responses in Arabidopsis | Cheong, YH; Chang, HS; Gupta, R; Wang, X; Zhu, T; Luan, S | 2,002 | Mechanical wounding not only damages plant tissues, but also provides pathways for pathogen invasion. To understand plant responses to wounding at a genomic level, we have surveyed the transcriptional response of 8,200 genes in Arabidopsis plants. Approximately 8% of these genes were altered by wounding at steady-state... | 0 |
35,466 | Concepts in developing health-based indicators for ozone | Weisel, CP; Cody, RP; Georgopoulos, PG; Purushothaman, V; Weiss, SH; Bielory, L; Gregory, P; Stern, AH | 2,002 | Objectives. The traditional manner to evaluate whether regulatory controls meet their public health goals of reducing adverse health effects associated with exposure to environmental pollutants is to compare measured concentrations of the target pollutant in the environment with a standard. A complementary approach is ... | 0 |
80,268 | Methodology for direct field measurements of ozone flux to foliage with shoot chambers | Altimir, N; Vesala, T; Keronen, P; Kulmala, M; Hari, P | 2,002 | #Values of ozone (O3) flux measured on the shoot scale by enclosure techniques can provide detailed information about the partition and seasonality of the removal pathways on the foliage. However, O3 reactivity makes such measurements potentially inaccurate, particularly in field conditions where ambient concentration ... | 0 |
30,621 | The 1997 haze disaster in Indonesia: its air quality and health effects | Kunii, O; Kanagawa, S; Yajima, I; Hisamatsu, Y; Yamamura, S; Amagai, T; Ismail, ITS | 2,002 | In this study, the authors assessed air quality and health effects of the 1997 haze disaster in Indonesia. The authors measured carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter with diameters less than or equal to 10 microm, inorganic ions, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon... | 0 |
42,771 | Respiratory allergic diseases induced by outdoor air pollution in urban areas | D'Amato, G; Liccardi, G; D'Amato, M; Cazzola, M | 2,002 | A wealth of evidence suggests that allergic respiratory diseases such as rhinosinusitis and bronchial asthma have become more common worldwide in recent years and a great deal of etiologic and pathogenic research has been carried out to evaluate the possible causes of this increasing trend. There is also some evidence ... | 0 |
47,268 | Gas-phase ozonolysis: rate coefficients for a series of terpenes and rate coefficients and OH yields for 2-methyl-2-butene and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene | Witter, M; Berndt, T; Boge, O; Stratmann, F; Heintzenberg, J | 2,002 | The kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of O3 with a series of selected terpenes has been investigated under flow-tube conditions at a pressure of 100 mbar synthetic air at 295 ? 0.5 K. In the presence of a large excess of m-xylene as an OH radical scavenger, rate coefficients k(O3+terpene) were obtained with a relativ... | 0 |
26,077 | Air pollution and hospital emergency room admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Valencia, Spain | Tenias, JM; Ballester, F; Perez-Hoyos, S; Rivera, ML | 2,002 | #The short-term relationship between levels of air pollution and emergency room admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was assessed in Valencia, Spain. The design was an ecological time-series study in which daily variation in air pollution was related to emergency chronic obstructive pulmonary disease vi... | 0 |
56,120 | Nitrogen in aquatic ecosystems | Rabalais, NN | 2,002 | Aquatic ecosystems respond variably to nutrient enrichment and altered nutrient ratios, along a continuum from fresh water through estuarine, coastal, and marine systems. Although phosphorus is considered the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton production in freshwater systems, the effects of atmospheric nitrogen and i... | 0 |
80,679 | Ground-based measurements of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs) during the 1999 Southern Oxidants Study Nashville Intensive | Roberts, JM; Flocke, F; Stroud, CA; Hereid, D; Williams, E; Fehsenfeld, F; Brune, W; Martinez, M; Harder, H | 2,002 | Peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs) were measured at Cornelia Fort Airpark during the 1999 Nashville Intensive of the Southern Oxidants Study. The observed concentrations were similar to those measured in the 1994 and 1995 Nashville Intensives. The average daytime ratio of peroxypropionic nitric anhydride (PPN) t... | 0 |
54,566 | Reactive nitrogen and human health: acute and long-term implications | Wolfe, AH; Patz, JA | 2,002 | Reactive-nitrogen (Nr) has a wide variety of beneficial and detrimental effects on human health. The most important of the beneficial effects are increasing global and regional food supplies and increased nutritional quality of available foods. However, lack of adequate dietary intake of amino acids and proteins is a ... | 0 |
87,782 | Transatlantic transport of pollution and its effects on surface ozone in Europe and North America | Li, QB; Jacob, DJ; Bey, I; Palmer, PI; D | 2,002 | We examine the transatlantic transport of anthropogenic ozone and its impact on surface ozone in Europe and North America by using a 5-year (1993-1997) simulation with the GEOS-CHEM global three-dimensional model of tropospheric chemistry. Longterm time series of ozone and CO at Mace Head (Ireland) and Sable Island (Ca... | 0 |
52,962 | Effect of climatic conditions on tuber yield (Solanum tuberosum L) in the European 'CHIP' experiments | De Temmerman, L; Wolf, J; Colls, J; Bindi, M; Fangmeier, A; Finnan, J; Ojanpera, K; Pleijel, H | 2,002 | The main objective of the CHIP project was to perform `standardised' investigations of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Bintje) responses to increased O3 and CO2 concentrations by means of open-top chambers (OTC) and free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) systems. The experimental sites are located across Europe repr... | 0 |
44,225 | Energy, industry and nitrogen: strategies for decreasing reactive nitrogen emissions | Moomaw, WR | 2,002 | Nitrogen oxides are released during atmospheric combustion of fossil fuels and biomass, and during the production of certain chemicals and products. They can react with natural or man-made volatile organic compounds to produce smog, or else can be further oxidized to produce particulate haze, or acid rain that can eutr... | 0 |
44,223 | Reactive nitrogen and the world: 200 years of change | Galloway, JN; Cowling, EB | 2,002 | This paper examines the impact of food and energy production on the global N cycle by contrasting N flows in the late-19th century with those of the late-2Oth century. We have a good understanding of the amounts of reactive N created by humans, and the primary points of loss to the environment. However, we have a poor ... | 0 |
89,380 | An improved retrieval of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide from GOME | Martin, RV; Chance, K; Jacob, DJ; Kurosu, TP; Spurr, RJD; Bucsela, E; Gleason, JF; Palmer, PI; Bey, I; Fiore, AM; Li, Q; Yantosca, RM; Koelemeijer, RBA | 2,002 | [1] We present a retrieval of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite instrument that improves in several ways over previous retrievals, especially in the accounting of Rayleigh and cloud scattering. Slant columns, which are directly fitted without low-pa... | 0 |
53,934 | Determination of phase transfer parameters for the uptake of HNO3, N2O5 and O3 on single aqueous drops | Schutze, M; Herrmann, H | 2,002 | A new method for the investigation of phase transfer on gas-liquid interfaces is introduced. It allows the in situ analysis of single drops that are produced inside a flow tube gas phase reactor. Using this technique, the uptakes of HNO3 and N2O5 on pure water as well as the uptake of O3 on Nal solutions were examined.... | 0 |
144,284 | Air pollutant emissions associated with forest, grassland, and agricultural burning in Texas | Dennis, A; Fraser, M; Anderson, S; Allen, D | 2,002 | Outdoor fires, such as wildfires and prescribed burns, can emit substantial amounts of particulate matter and other pollutants into the atmosphere. In Texas, an inventory of forest, grassland and agricultural burning activities revealed that fires consumed vegetation on 1.6 and 1.7 million acres of land, in 1996 and 19... | 0 |
56,121 | The European nitrogen case | van Egmond, K; Bresser, T; Bouwman, L | 2,002 | The N budget for Europe (excluding the former Soviet Union) indicates that the 3 principal driving forces of the acceleration of the European N cycle are fertilizer production (14 Mt (mill. tonnes) N yr1), fossil fuel combustion and other industry (3.3 Mt N yr-1) and import of N in various products (7.6 Mt N yr-1). The... | 0 |
48,339 | Nitrogen use in the United States from 1961-2000 and potential future trends | Howarth, RW; Boyer, EW; Pabich, WJ; Galloway, JN | 2,002 | Nitrogen inputs to the US from human activity doubled between 1961 and 1997, with most of the increase in the 1960s and 1970s. The largest increase was in use of inorganic N fertilizer, but emissions of NOx from fossil-fuel combustion also increased substantially. In 1961, N fixation in agricultural systems was the lar... | 0 |
37,776 | TLR4 and LPS hyporesponsiveness in humans | Schwartz, DA | 2,002 | Asthma is a complex genetic disorder that is caused by a number of unique gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. The search for asthma susceptibility genes has been complicated by the broad clinical phenotype of asthma, the polygenic inheritance pattern of this disease, and the substantial role of environmental e... | 0 |
25,743 | From asthma to AirBeat: community-driven monitoring of fine particles and black carbon in Roxbury, Massachusetts | Loh, P; Sugerman-Brozan, J; Wiggins, S; Noiles, D; Archibald, C | 2,002 | Asthma is an ongoing environmental justice concern in Roxbury, an urban neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Residents, especially local youth, were the first to investigate the potential links between high asthma rates and air pollution, particularly from diesel buses and trucks. A youth-led march for clean air and ... | 0 |
24,987 | Inhalation of fine particulate air pollution and ozone causes acute arterial vasoconstriction in healthy adults | Brook, RD; Brook, JR; Urch, B; Vincent, R; Rajagopalan, S; Silverman, F | 2,002 | Health Canada Toxic Substance Research Initiative; Government of Canada, Air Quality Health Effects Research Section. #Background - Fine particulate air pollution and ozone are associated with increased cardiovascular events. To help explain the mechanism behind these observations, we investigated the effect of air pol... | 1 |
25,244 | An estimate of premature cancer mortality in the US due to inadequate doses of solar ultraviolet-B radiation | Grant, WB | 2,002 | BACKGROUND. There are large geographic gradients in mortality rates for a number of cancers in the U.S. (e.g., rates are approximately twice as high in the northeast compared with the southwest). Risk factors such as diet fail to explain this variation. Previous studies have demonstrated that the geographic distributio... | 0 |
25,326 | CCL7 and CXCL10 orchestrate oxidative stress-induced neutrophilic lung inflammation | Michalec, L; Choudhury, BK; Postlethwait, E; Wild, JS; Alam, R; Lett-Brown, M; Sur, S | 2,002 | Oxidative stress from ozone (O(3)) exposure augments airway neutrophil recruitment and chemokine production. We and others have shown that severe and sudden asthma is associated with airway neutrophilia, and that O(3) oxidative stress is likely to augment neutrophilic airway inflammation in severe asthma. However, very... | 0 |
92,166 | Resource-based niches provide a basis for plant species diversity and dominance in arctic tundra | McKane, RB; Johnson, LC; Shaver, GR; Nadelhoffer, KJ; Rastetter, EB; Fry, B; Giblin, AE; Kielland, K; Kwiatkowski, BL; Laundre, JA; Murray, G | 2,002 | Ecologists have long been intrigued by the ways co-occurring species divide limiting resources. Such resource partitioning, or niche differentiation, may promote species diversity by reducing competition(1,2). Although resource partitioning is an important determinant of species diversity and composition in animal comm... | 0 |
36,673 | A working hypothesis proposal for classifying the annual crop species to the ozone concentration tolerance: Application to 8 species growing in the Mediterranean basin | Rana, G; Katerji, N; Mastrorilli, M; Bethenod, O | 2,002 | In this paper we propose a method to classify the tolerance to the ozone concentration for annual crops. This method is, actually, a working hypothesis. It is based on the concept that the sensibility of a crop species to ozone concentration could be linked to i) an high value of the maximum gs together with a large ra... | 0 |
195,773 | Chemical modification of the surface of poly(dimethylsiloxane) by atom-transfer radical polymerization of acrylamide | Xiao, DQ; Zhang, H; Wirth, M | 2,002 | The chemical modification of the surface of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which was made using Sylgard 184 with polyacrylamide by atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), was investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to characterize the functional groups on the surface. A UV-ozone plasma... | 0 |
23,232 | A tale of two cities: effects of air pollution on hospital admissions in Hong Kong and London compared | Wong, CM; Atkinson, RW; Anderson, HR; Hedley, AJ; Ma, S; Chau PY-K; Lam, TH | 2,002 | #The causal interpretation of reported associations between daily air pollution and daily admissions requires consideration of residual confounding, correlation between pollutants, and effect modification. If results obtained in Hong Kong and London--which differ in climate, lifestyle, and many other respects--were sim... | 0 |
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