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16,492
International conference on environmental and occupational lung diseases
Rahman, Q; Nettesheim, P; Smith, KR; Seth, PK; Selkirk, J
2,001
null
0
19,584
Climate change and health: controversies and epidemiological responses
Woodward, A; McBean, G; Armstrong, B; Wilkinson, P; Riedel, D; Soskolne, C; Patz, J; Last, J
2,001
null
0
41,688
Do nutrient additions alter carbon sink strength of ectomycorrhizal fungi?
Bidartondo, MI; Ek, H; Wallander, H; Soderstrom, B
2,001
Carbon sink strength differences are examined here between ectomycorrhizal fungi in interaction with additions of ammonium and apatite (a phosphorus- and calcium-containing mineral). Pinus muricata associated with Paxillus involutus and four suilloid isolates ( Suillus pungens and members of three Rhizopogon section Am...
0
196,805
Airspace surface chemistry mediates O3-induced lung injury
Postlethwait, EM; Ultman, JS
2,001
Ozone (O 3 ) produces diverse pulmonary pathophysiologies but with marked heterogeneities relative to species, age, anatomic site, disease, and exposure history. These pronounced susceptibility variations have remained largely undefined. We have postulated that interactions between inhaled O 3 and the airspace surfaces...
1
48,996
Relationships between passive sampler and continuous ozone (O3) measurement data in ecological effects research
Krupa, S; Nosal, M
2,001
In ecological effects research, there is a rapid increase in the application of passive sampling techniques for measuring ambient ozone (O3) concentrations. Passive samplers provide data on cumulative exposures of a plant to a pollutant. However, O3 is not an accumulative contaminant within the plant tissue, and use of...
0
25,000
The effect of water on gas-particle partitioning of secondary organic aerosol. Part I: "alpha"-pinene/ozone system
Cocker DR III; Clegg, SL; Flagan, RC; Seinfeld, JH
2,001
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Chevron Corp. #The effect of relative humidity (RH) on aerosol formation by the semi-volatile oxidation products of the "alpha"-pinene/O3 system has been comprehensively studied. Experiments were performed in the presence of ammonium sulfate (aqueous, dry), ammonium bisulfate seed ...
0
79,886
The 2001 California almanac of emissions and air quality
Alexis, A; Garcia, A; Nystrom, M; Rosenkranz, K
2,001
null
1
684,059
Security for the protection of the public indemnification of passengers for nonperformance of transportation; notice of issuance of certificate (performance)
null
2,001
null
0
142,549
Ozone episode analysis by four-dimensional variational chemistry data assimilation
Elbern, H; Schmidt, H
2,001
A chemical four-dimensional variational data assimilation system has been developed and applied for the study of an episode with enhanced summerly ozone levels. In this study the optimization parameters are the initial values bf the chemical constituents. The case study focuses on an ozone episode over central Europe d...
0
19,585
Chemical and biological evaluation of a reaction mixture of R-(+)-limonene/ozone: formation of strong airway irritants
Clausen, PA; Wilkins, CK; Wolkoff, P; Nielsen, GD
2,001
The airway irritation of a reaction mixture of R-(+)-limonene and ozone was evaluated by a mouse bioassay in which sensory irritation, bronchoconstriction and pulmonary irritation were measured. Significant sensory irritation (33% reduction of mean respiratory rate) was observed by dynamic exposure of the mice, during ...
0
25,189
Pathogenomic mechanisms for particulate matter induction of acute lung injury and inflammation in mice
Leikauf, G; Mcdowell, SA; Wesselkamper, SC; Miller, CR; Hardie, WD; Gammon, K; Biswas, PP; Korfhagen, TR; Bachurski, CJ; Wiest, JS; Willeke, K; Bingham, E; Leikauf, JE; Aronow, BJ; Prows, DR
2,001
To begin identifying genes controlling individual susceptibility to particulate matter, responses of inbred mouse strains exposed to nickel sulfate (NiSO4*) were compared with those of mice exposed to ozone (O3) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The A strain was sensitive to NiSO4- induced lung injury (quantified by s...
0
46,804
Chlorine deposition on dust particles in marine atmosphere
Zhang, DZ; Iwasaka, Y
2,001
null
0
34,746
Mite not make it home: tracheal mites reduce the safety margin for oxygen delivery of flying honeybees
Harrison, JF; Camazine, S; Marden, JH; Kirkton, SD; Rozo, A; Yang, X
2,001
Many physiological systems appear to have safety margins, with excess capacity relative to normal functional needs, but the significance of such excess capacity remains controversial. In this study, we investigate the effects of parasitic tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi) on the safety margin for oxygen delivery and flig...
0
15,476
Uncertainties in episodic ozone modeling stemming from uncertainties in the meteorological fields
Biswas, J; Rao, ST
2,001
This paper examines the uncertainty associated with photochemical modeling using the Variable-Grid Urban Airshed Model (UAM-V) with two different prognostic meteorological models. The meteorological fields for ozone episodes that occurred during 17u20 June, 12u15 July, and 30 Julyu2 August in the summer of 1995 were de...
0
35,401
Effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on aspen clones varying in O3 sensitivity: can CO2 ameliorate the harmful effects of O3?
Wustman, BA; Oksanen, E; Karnosky, DF; Noormets, A; Isebrands, JG; Pregitzer, KS; Hendrey, GR; Sober, J; Podila, GK
2,001
#To determine whether elevated CO2 reduces or exacerbates the detrimental effects of O3 on aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), aspen clones 216 and 271 (O3 tolerant), and 259 (O3 sensitive) were exposed to ambient levels of CO2 and O3 or elevated levels of CO2, O3, or CO2+O3 in the FACTS II (Aspen FACE) experiment, and...
0
17,720
Exposures to nitrogen dioxide in EXPOLIS-Helsinki: Microenvironment, behavioral and sociodemographic factors
Rotko, T; Kousa, A; Alm, S; Jantunen, M
2,001
Personal exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were monitored for 176 randomly selected inhabitants (25-55 years old) of Helsinki Metropolitan area as a part of the EXPOLIS (Air Pollution Exposure Distributions Within Adult Urban Populations in Europe) study between October 1996 and December 1997. NO2 measurements were 4...
0
49,174
Variation of gas exchange within native plant species of Switzerland and relationships with ozone injury: an open-top experiment
Zhang, J; Ferdinand, JA; Vanderheyden, DJ; Skelly, JM; Innes, JL
2,001
#Gas exchange and ozone-induced foliar injury were intensively measured during a 6-day period in mid-August 1998 on leaves of Acer pseudoplatanus, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, Morus nigra, Prunus avium, Prunus serotina, Rhamnus cathartica, and Viburnum lantana at a forest nurse...
0
16,957
On-line analysis of reactive VOCs from urban lawn mowing
Karl, T; Fall, R; Jordan, A; Lindinger, W
2,001
National Science Foundation; Fonds zur Forderung der Wisenschaftlichen Forschung. #We measured the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) resulting from lawn mowing during continuous ambient air measurements in July and August 1998 in the outskirts of lnnsbruck, Austria. These measurements were made with a proton...
0
152,055
Modeling the effects of VOC/NOx emissions on ozone synthesis in the Cascadia airshed of the Pacific Northwest
Barna, M; Lamb, B; Westberg, H
2,001
A modeling system consisting of MM5, Calmet, and Calgrid was used to investigate the sensitivity of anthropogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) reductions on ozone formation within the Cascadia airshed of the Pacific Northwest. An ozone episode that occurred on July 11-14, 1996, was evalu...
0
47,913
Effects of 1997 Indonesian forest fires on tropospheric ozone enhancement, radiative forcing, and temperature change over the Hong Kong region
Chan, CY; Chan, LY; Zheng, YG; Harris, JM; Oltmans, SJ; Christopher, S
2,001
Tropospheric ozone enhancements were measured over Hong Kong (22.2 degree N, 114.3 degree E) by electrochemical concentration cell ozonesondes during the 1997 period when many forest fires were burning in Indonesia. The enhancements have a maximum ozone concentration of up to 130 ppbv and an ozone-enhanced layer depth ...
0
21,302
Dose-response functions as estimates of the effect of acid precipitates on materials
Mikhailov, AA
2,001
This paper presents a brief summary of the findings of the 8-year exposure program of the European Economic Commission, United Nations (UN EEC), on estimating the effect of acid precipitates on materials, including historical and cultural monuments. Presented and discussed are dose-response functions for structural met...
0
52,670
Polymorphism of quinone-metabolizing enzymes and susceptibility to ozone-induced acute effects
Bergamaschi, E; De Palma, G; Mozzoni, P; Vanni, S; Vettori, MV; Broeckaert, F; Bernard, A; Mutti, A
2,001
The role of the genetic polymorphism of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and glutathione-S-transferase A-1 (GSTM1) in the responsiveness to O3-induced acute effects was investigated in 24 healthy nonsmokers performing 2-h bike rides at ambient O3 varying from 32 to 103 ppb. Before and after rides, each subject per...
1
694,272
Northern Hemisphere winter climate response to greenhouse gas, ozone, solar, and volcanic forcing
Shindell, DT; Schmidt, GA; Miller, RL; Rind, D
2,001
The Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) climate middle atmosphere model has been used to study the impacts of increasing greenhouse gases, polar ozone depletion, volcanic eruptions, and solar cycle variability. We focus on the projection of the induced responses onto Northern Hemisphere winter surface climat...
0
35,478
Temporal trends of black carbon concentrations and regional climate forcing in the southeastern United States
Im, JS; Saxena, VK; Wenny, BN
2,001
null
0
54,128
Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with a series of unsaturated alcohols
Papagni, C; Arey, J; Atkinson, R
2,001
Using a relative rate method, rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with allyl alcohol, 3-buten-l-ol 3-buten-2-ol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol have been measured at 296 +/- 2 K and atmospheric pressure of air. Using l,3,5-trimethylbenzene as the reference compound, the rate constants (in units of l0-11...
0
30,630
Environmental contributions to allergic disease
Levetin, E; Van de Water, P
2,001
The environment is a major contributor to allergic disease, and great effort is being expended to identify the chemical pollutants and allergens that make a significant impact. Exposure to high levels of ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and diesel exhaust particles is known to reduce lung function. Studies cont...
0
94,271
Confirming the presence and extent of oxidation by Cl in the Houston, Texas urban area using specific isoprene oxidation products as tracers
Riemer, DD; Apel, EC
2,001
Introduction Atomic chlorine (CI) has been identified as an important component of the atmospheric oxidation cycle in the marine boundary layer [Finlayson-Pitts, 1993] and has been implicated in tropospheric ozone formation in certain urban areas such as Houston, Texas [D. Allen, personal communication; Tanaka et al....
0
57,105
Ultraviolet light induced injury: Immunological and inflammatory effects
Clydesdale, GJ; Dandie, GW; Muller, HK
2,001
This article reviews many of the complex events that occur after cutaneous ultraviolet (UV) exposure. The inflammatory changes of acute exposure of the skin include erythema (sunburn), the production of inflammatory mediators, alteration of vascular responses and an inflammatory cell infiltrate. Damage to proteins and ...
0
684,043
A wind tunnel study of organised and turbulent air motions in urban street canyons
Kastner-Klein, P; Fedorovich, E; Rotach, MW
2,001
High concentrations of car-exhaust gases in urban street canyons are typically associated with low wind velocities or situations when the wind blows perpendicular to the canyon axis. The latter flow configuration has been studied in a wind tunnel model of a street canyon. The mean flow and turbulence structure have bot...
0
30,216
Soil fertility limits carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in a CO2-enriched atmosphere
Oren, R; Ellsworth, DS; Johnsen, KH; Phillips, N; Ewers, BE; Maier, C; Schafer, KVR; Mccarthy, H; Hendrey, G; Mcnulty, SG; Katul, GG
2,001
Northern mid-latitude forests are a large terrestrial carbon sink. Ignoring nutrient limitations, large increases in carbon sequestration from carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization are expected in these forests. Yet, forests are usually relegated to sites of moderate to poor fertility, where tree growth is often limited b...
0
100,604
HNO3 analyzer by scrubber difference and the NO-ozone chemiluminescence method
Yamamoto, M; Tamaki, M; Bandow, H; Maeda, Y
2,001
A fast response analyzer for HNO3 in highly polluted air is described. The time resolution attainable was 12 s. The method is based on the difference in a technique for HNO3-scrubbed and non-scrubbed air and the reduction of HNO3 to NO with the use of a line of catalytic converters and a method for the subsequent NO-oz...
0
19,538
Responses of two birch (Betula pendula Roth) clones to different ozone profiles with similar AOT40 exposure
Oksanen, E; Holopainen, T
2,001
Saplings of two clones of European white birch (Betula pendula Roth) were exposed to three different ozone profiles resulting in same AOT40 value of 13-14 ppm h in a chamber experiment. The sensitive clone 5 and the more tolerant clone 2 were growing (1) under filtered air (=control), or (2) were exposed to 70 ppb ozon...
1
46,914
A Knudsen cell study of the heterogeneous reactivity of nitric acid on oxide and mineral dust particles
Underwood, GM; Li, P; Al-Abadleh, H; Grassian, VH
2,001
The heterogeneous reactivity of gaseous nitric acid on -Al2O3, -Fe2O3, SiO2, MgO, and CaO, as well as authentic samples of Gobi dust and Saharan sand, was investigated at 295 K using a Knudsen cell reactor. Through total uptake calculations and mass dependent studies, nitric-acid diffusion into the underlying layers is...
0
2,437
The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): A resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants
Klepeis, NE; Nelson, WC; Ott, WR; Robinson, JP; Tsang, AM; Switzer, P; Behar, JV; Hern, SC; Engelmann, WH
2,001
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Because human activities impact the timing, location, and degree of pollutant exposure, they play a key role in explaining exposure variation. This fact has motivated the collection of activity pattern data for their specific use in exposure assessments. The largest of these recent...
1
55,045
Impact of ozone layer depletion II: changes in photodissociation rates and tropospheric composition
Winter-Sorkina Rde
2,001
#Seasonal trends in the ozone profile determined from the Nimbus-7 TOMS total ozone record and SAGE trends are used to estimate the trends in tropospheric photodissociation rates. The resultant photodissociation trends for tropospheric ozone, CH3CHO, HNO3, HNO4 and CH2O are presented. A three-dimensional chemical trans...
0
46,986
Effects of surface type and relative humidity on the production and concentration of nitrous acid in a model indoor environment
Wainman, T; Weschler, C; Lioy, P; Zhang, J
2,001
#A nested chamber design was constructed for the purpose of studying parameters that affect indoor air chemistry. Experiments were conducted in this system to investigate the effects of three surface types (Teflon, wallpaper, and carpet) and two levels of relative humidity (50% and 70% RH) on the formation of gas-phase...
0
52,971
New directions: VOCs and biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks
Fuentes, JD; Hayden, BP; Garstang, M; Lerdau, M; Fitzjarrald, D; Baldocchi, DD; Monson, R; Lamb, B; Geron, C
2,001
N/A.
0
20,633
Exhaled markers of pulmonary disease
Kharitonov, SA; Barnes, PJ
2,001
There has recently been an explosion of interest in the analysis of breath constituents as a way of monitoring inflammation and oxidative stress in the lungs. Here we review the use of exhaled breath analysis in the diagnosis and monitoring of lung disease. Although most studies have focused on exhaled nitric oxide (NO...
0
43,728
Reactions among indoor pollutants: what's new?
Weschler, CJ
2,001
null
0
13,257
Air pollution and emergency hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases in Valencia, Spain
Ballester, F; Tenias, JM; Perez-Hoyos, S
2,001
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To estimate the short-term association between air pollution levels and emergency hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases in Valencia, within 1994-1996 period. DESIGN--Daily levels of air pollution and emergency admissions for cardiovascular diseases were related to using an ecological time ser...
0
25,516
Effect of acute and chronic tea consumption on platelet aggregation in patients with coronary artery disease
Duffy, SJ; Vita, JA; Holbrook, M; Swerdloff, PL; Keaney, JF, Jr
2,001
Epidemiological studies suggest that tea consumption is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular events, but the mechanisms of benefit remain undefined. Platelet aggregation is a precipitating event in cardiovascular disease, and tea contains antioxidant flavonoids that are known to decrease platelet aggregat...
0
14,579
The protective effect of childhood infections
Johnston, SL; Openshaw, PJM
2,001
1st Paragraph. Although infectious diseases are by no means defeated, the past 100 years have seen a dramatic decline in some previously common childhood infections. Many serious viral and bacterial infections can now be prevented or treated by vaccination or antibiotics. In contrast, the prevalence of asthma and atopi...
0
769,761
Nitrogen oxide fluxes between corn (Zea mays L.) leaves and the atmosphere
Hereid, D; Monson, R
2,001
In the United States, fertilized corn fields, which make up approximately 5% of the total land area, account for approximately 45% of total soil NO, emissions. Leaf chamber measurements were conducted of NO and NO2 fluxes between individual corn leaves and the atmosphere in (1) field-grown plants near Champaign, IL(USA...
0
20,624
Collection and analysis of exhaled breath condensate in humans
Mutlu, GM; Garey, KW; Robbins, RA; Danziger, LH; Rubinstein, I
2,001
#Traditional methods of sampling secretions from the lower respiratory tract include sputum collection, sputum induction, and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). By far, bronchoscopy with BAL has become the preferred method for sampling the lining fluid of the lower respiratory tract. The invasive nature of...
0
16,667
Formation of ozone by fireworks
Attri, AK; Kumar, U; Jain, VK
2,001
Ozone is a secondary pollutant and greenhouse gas that is formed from molecular oxygen in the presence of sunlight and nitrogen oxides. The extent of production also depends on the presence of volatile hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and methane. But we have discovered a surprising source of ozone which is generated in ...
0
54,084
Accurate measurements of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere (AMOHA): three European intercomparisons
Slemr, J; Slemr, F; Partridge, R; D'Souza, H; Schmidbauer, N
2,002
The Accurate Measurements of Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere (AMOHA) project was proposed to evaluate and improve current gas chromatographic methods used across Europe to determine concentrations of C2 -C9 nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in ambient air. Four international intercomparisons of increasing complexity were...
0
90,802
Ambient level of NO2 augments the inflammatory response to inhaled allergen in asthmatics
Barck, C; Sandstrom, T; Lundahl, J; Hallden, G; Svartengren, M; Strand, V; Rak, S; Bylin, G
2,002
Air pollution constitutes an important factor for asthma aggravation, and there is increased concern about respiratory health effects of common air pollutants. The purpose of this study was to examine how exposure to a high ambient concentration nitrogen dioxide (NO2) prior to a bronchial allergen challenge modulated t...
0
53,015
Extracellular enzyme activity beneath temperate trees growing under elevated carbon dioxide and ozone
Larson, JL; Zak, DR; Sinsabaugh, RL
2,002
ABSTRACT Soil microorganisms are limited by the amount and type of plant-derived substrates entering soil, and we reasoned that changes in the production and biochemical constituents of plant litter produced under elevated CO2 and O3 would elicit physiological changes in soil microbial communities. To test this id...
1
106,608
In vitro exposure of proteins to ozone
Umstead, TM; Phelps, DS; Wang, G; Floros, J; Tarkington, BK
2,002
An in vitro system has been developed to expose proteins to ozone. The system is designed to deliver consistent and accurate levels of ozone over a range of concentrations (between 0.1 and greater than or equal to10 ppm) with extended exposure times (24 h. or longer) in a humidified environment (100%). In the experimen...
0
684,222
Similar effects of ozone on four cultivars of lettuce in open top chambers during winter
Calatayud, A; Alvarado, JW; Barreno, E
2,002
Ozone is the major phytotoxic air pollutant that reduces the yield of several agricultural crops in the Spanish Mediterranean area. We studied four lettuce cultivars (Lactuca sativa L.) for the effects of different O3 concentrations during the winter on chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence, lipid peroxidation, and root len...
1
36,667
Developing ozone flux-effect models for white clover from the ICP vegetation ambient air monitoring experiment
Mills, G; Buker, P; Hayes F Emberson, L; Werner, W; Gimeno, B; Fumagalli, I; Kollner, B; Manes, F; Pihl Karlsson, G; Soja, G; Vandermeiren, K
2,002
The ICP Vegetation clover experiment has provided a unique opportunity to validate the hypothesis that increasing ozone flux corresponds with increasing biological damage, in a chamber-free, ambient air exposure system. Measurements of effects on growth, detected as a reduction in the weight of the ozone sensitive biot...
0
48,154
Electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde pump efficiency measurements and tests on the sensitivity to ozone of buffered and unbuffered ECC sensor cathode solutions
Johnson, BJ; Oltmans, SJ; Vomel, H; Smit, HGJ; Deshler, T; Kroger, C
2,002
On the basis of extensive laboratory and field tests of electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes, a height-dependent artifact in ozone profile measurements was found that is primarily due to side reactions of the phosphate buffers used in the ?standard? 1% potassium iodide sensing solution. The influence of...
0
40,059
Particulate matter and lung function growth in children: a 3-yr follow-up study in Austrian schoolchildren (letter)
Brunekreef, B
2,002
N/A.
0
46,993
Air pollution and general practice consultations for respiratory illnesses
Wong, TW; Wun, YT; Yu, TS; Tam, W; Wong, CM; Wong, AHS
2,002
null
0
25,831
Modeling-gas phase reactions in indoor environments using computational fluid dynamics
Sorensen, DN; Weschler, CJ
2,002
#This CFD modeling study examines the concentrations of two gaseous compounds that react in an indoor setting to produce a hypothetical product. The reactants are ozone and either d-limonene or "alpha"-terpinene (which reacts with ozone about 40 times faster than d-limonene). In addition to two different terpenes, the ...
0
631,199
Ozone-response mechanisms in tobacco: Implications of polyamine metabolism
van Buuren, ML; Guidi, L; Fornale, S; Ghetti, F; Franceschetti, M; Soldatini, GF; Bagni, N
2,002
Polyamines have been suggested to counteract oxidative damage in plants. Here, we present a detailed analysis of polyamine accumulation and its relationship to photosynthetic parameters in two tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivars (ozone-sensitive Bel W3 and ozone-tolerant Bel B) after a single ozone pulse and after a ...
1
36,723
Air pollution and hospital admissions for ischemic heart disease in persons with congestive heart failure or arrhythmia
Mann, JK; Tager, IB; Lurmann, F; Segal, M; Quesenberry, CP, Jr; Lugg, MM; Shan, J; Van den Eeden, SK
2,002
We examined whether ischemic heart disease (IHD) hospital admissions were associated with air pollutants in those with and without secondary diagnoses of arrhythmia (ARR) or congestive heart failure (CHF). We assessed the occurrence of increased vulnerability among persons with these conditions to daily variations in o...
0
35,460
Tachykinins via tachykinin NK2 receptor activation mediate ozone-induced increase in the permeability of the tracheal mucosa in guinea-pigs
Fu, L; Kaneko, T; Ikeda, H; Nishiyama, H; Suzu
2,002
1 Acute exposure to ozone is known to cause airway hyperresponsiveness, which, at least in part, seems to result from an increase in the permeability of the airway mucosa. Recently, we demonstrated that depletion of sensory neuropeptides inhibits the ozone-induced increase in the permeability of the tracheal mucosa in ...
0
3,444,873
Air quality criteria for particulate matter, vol II [third external review draft]
null
2,002
null
0
3,111
Tea consumption and mortality after acute myocardial infarction
Mukamal, KJ; Maclure, M; Muller, JE; Sherwood, JB; Mittleman, MA
2,002
#Background - Some studies have suggested that tea consumption may be associated with lower mortality among individuals with cardiovascular disease, but the effects of tea consumption on mortality after acute myocardial infarction are unknown. Methods and Results - As part of the Determinants of Myocardial Infarcti...
0
37,035
Origins of primary and secondary organic aerosol in Atlanta: results of time-resolved measurements during the Atlanta supersite experiment
Lim, HJ; Turpin, BJ
2,002
Time-resolved ambient particulate organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) data measured in Atlanta, GA, during the Atlanta Supersite Experiment (August 3-September 1, 1999) were investigated to determine the temporal trends of atmospheric carbonaceous aerosol and to examine the relative contributions of primary and seco...
0
40,896
Pod development increases the ozone sensitivity of Phaseolus vulgaris
Tingey, DT; Rodecap, KD; Lee, EH; Hogsett, WE; Gregg, JW
2,002
The objective of this study was to determine if the O3 sensitivity of Phaseolus vulgaris L. changed with plant development. Plants exposed to charcoal-filtered air or elevated O3 throughout the study were compared to those exposed only during the vegetative or reproductive stages. Effects of pod development on O3 sensi...
1
80,430
Effects of air pollution on forest health and biodiversity in forests of the Carpathian Mountains
Szaro, RC; Bytnerowicz, A; Oszlanyi, J
2,002
null
0
40,313
Plant resistance to ozone: The role of ascorbate
Barnes, J; Zheng, Y; Lyons, T
2,002
null
1
52,484
Sensitive electrochemical detection of ozone
Knake, R; Hauser, PC
2,002
An amperometric sensor capable of detecting ozone in the low ppb range was developed. The most suitable electrochemical cell was based on a gold-Nafion electrode with 0.5 M H2SO4 as internal electrolyte solution. It is demonstrated, that by careful selection of the experimental conditions such as electrode materials, e...
0
155,189
Atmospheric conversion of sulfur dioxide to particulate sulfate and nitrogen dioxide to particulate nitrate and gaseous nitric acid in an urban area
Khoder, MI
2,002
Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate sulfate and nitrate, gaseous nitric acid, ozone and meteorological parameters (temperature and relative humidity) were measured during the winter season (1999?2000) and summer season (2000) in an urban area (Dokki, Giza, Egypt). The average particulate nitrate concentration...
0
133,375
Development of a reduced speciated VOC degradation mechanism for use in ozone models
Jenkin, ME; Saunders, SM; Derwent, RG; Pilling, MJ
2,002
A reduced mechanism to describe the formation of ozone from VOC oxidation has been developed, using the master chemical mechanism (MCM v2) as a reference benchmark. The common representative intermediates (CRI) mechanism treats the degradation of methane and 120 VOC using ca. 570 reactions of ca. 250 species (i.e. the ...
0
52,350
Some theoretical results concerning O3-NOx-VOC chemistry and NOx-VOC indicators
Sillman, S; He, DY
2,002
A series of model results is shown pertaining to ozone, reactive nitrogen (NOy), and peroxides in polluted regions. The results focus on ratios such as O3/NOy and H2O2/HNO3that have been proposed as indicators for O3-NOx-VOC sensitivity. These ratios are shown to correlate with predicted NOx-VOC sensitivity for a varie...
1
140,073
Regional transport of pollutants over the Bay of Biscay: Analysis of an ozone episode under a blocking anticyclone in west-central Europe
Gangoiti, G; Alonso, L; Navazo, M; Albizuri, A; Perez-Landa, G; Matabuena, M; Valdenebro, V; Maruri, M; Antonio Garcia, J; Millan, MM
2,002
This paper analyses an ozone episode recorded at the regional monitoring network of the Basque Country, located in northern Iberia. The synoptic weather pattern was characterized by the presence of a blocking anticyclone over the British Isles and its subsequent evolution eastwards. The blocking situation lasted for 4 ...
0
44,159
Atmospheric methane and global change
Wuebbles, DJ; Hayhoe, K
2,002
#Methane (CH4) is the most abundant organic trace gas in the atmosphere. In the distant past, variations in natural sources of methane were responsible for trends in atmospheric methane levels recorded in ice cores. Since the 1700s, rapidly growing human activities, particularly in the areas of agriculture, fossil fuel...
0
129,938
Interrelations of UV-global/global/diffuse solar irradiance components and UV-global attenuation on air pollution episode days in Athens, Greece
Koronakis, PS; Sfantos, GK; Paliatsos, AG; Kaldellis, JK; Garofalakis, JE; Koronaki, IP
2,002
An investigation of global ultraviolet (G(UV)), global (G) and diffuse (G(d)) solar intensities, continuously recorded over a period of five years at a station in Athens, Greece, and stored on the basis of hourly time intervals since 1996, has revealed the following: (a) UV-global irradiation, associated with the 290-3...
0
31,454
[System and method of ozone deodorization]
Tsuji, Y; Ibuki, J; Eriguchi, M; Yoshihara, H
2,002
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system of ozone deodorization capable of automatically adjusting the flow rate and ozone concentration of dilute ozone gas intermittently blown toward plural blocks one after the other to prescribed values, and capable of easily maintaining the indoor ozone concentration within a rang...
0
51,133
Altered performance of forest pests under atmospheres enriched with CO2 and O3
Percy, KE; Awmack, CS; Lindroth, RL; Kubiske, ME; Kopper, BJ; Isebrands, JG; Pregitzer, KS; Hendry, GR; Dickson, RE; Zak, DR; Oksanen, E; Sober, J; Harrington, R; Karnosky, DF
2,002
Human activity causes increasing background concentrations of the greenhouse gases CO2 and O3. Increased levels of CO2 can be found in all terrestrial ecosystems. Damaging O3 concentrations currently occur over 29% of the world's temperate and subpolar forests but are predicted to affect fully 60% by 2100 (ref. 3). Alt...
0
36,740
An exposure assessment study of ambient heat exposure in an elderly population in Baltimore, Maryland
Basu, R; Samet, JM
2,002
Because of concern for heat-related mortality in vulnerable populations, particularly the elderly, practical epidemiologic methods are needed for the assessment of ambient heat exposure on individuals. We used a personal monitor to measure body temperature, ambient temperature, heart rate, and activity level of 42 elde...
0
53,987
Laser-induced fluorescence detection of atmospheric NO2 with a commercial diode laser and a supersonic expansion
Cleary, PA; Wooldridge, PJ; Cohen, RC
2,002
Routine observations of atmospheric NO2 at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 parts per billion are needed for air quality monitoring and for the evaluation of photochemical models. We have designed, constructed, and field tested a relatively inexpensive and specific NO2 sensor using laser-induced fluorescence. The...
0
93,929
Ultraviolet radiation and health: friend and foe
Lucas, RM; Ponsonby, AL
2,002
While excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a significant cause of disease burden in Australia and the Western Pacific region, there are well documented beneficial as well as adverse effects of UVR exposure. Ambient UVR levels do not translate directly to personal UVR dose and thus to biological effect -...
0
90,320
ROADWAY-2: a model for pollutant dispersion near highways
Rao, KS
2,002
The formulations and evaluation of ROADWAY-2, a near-highway pollutant dispersion model, are described. This model incorporates vehicle wake parameterizations derived from canopy flow theory and wind tunnel measurements. The atmospheric velocity and turbulence fields are adjusted to account for velocity-deficit and tur...
0
34,968
Dendroecological applications in air pollution and environmental chemistry: research needs
Mclaughlin, SB; Shortle, WC; Smith, KT
2,002
During the past two decades, dendrochronology has evolved in new dimensions that have helped address both the extent and causes of impacts of regional scale environmental pollution on the productivity and function of forest ecosystems. Initial focus on the magnitude and timing of alterations of baseline growth levels o...
0
37,663
Lycopene and the lung
Arab, L; Steck-Scott, S; Fleishauer, AT
2,002
The human lung, due to the oxidative and ozone stress to which it is exposed, is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage. Concentrations of dietary antioxidants in the lung epithelial lining and lining fluids may provide protection against oxidative damage. A randomized clinical trial was conducted to study the eff...
0
36,314
Longitudinal modelling of respiratory symptoms in children
Schlink, U; Fritz, GJ; Herbarth, O; Richter, M
2,002
A panel of 277 children, aged 3u7 years, was used to study the association between air pollution (O3, SO2, NO2, and total suspended particles), meteorological factors (global radiation, maximum daytime temperature, daily averages of vapour pressure and air humidity) and respiratory symptoms. For 759 days the symptoms w...
0
52,254
Indoor/outdoor school air monitoring project
null
2,002
null
0
57,244
Atmospheric methanol budget and ocean implication
Heikes, BG; Chang, W; Pilson, MEQ; Swift, E; Singh, HB; Guenther, A; Jacob, DJ; Field, BD; Fall, R; Riemer, D; Brand, L
2,002
Methanol is a biogeochemically active compound and a significant component of the volatile organic carbon in the atmosphere. It influences background tropospheric photochemistry and may serve as a tracer for biogenic emissions. The mass of methanol in the atmospheric reservoir, the annual mass flux of methanol from sou...
0
195,286
Reuse of spent dyebath following decolorisation with ozone
Hassan, MM; Hawkyard, CJ
2,002
Spent reactive dyebaths were decolorised by treatment with ozone and reused in the bleaching, whitening and dyeing of two textile substrates, The study shows that the reuse of a spent dyebath is possible with little modification to the standard processes for dyeing cotton with reactive dyes, provided that the pH of the...
0
53,525
Modeling halogen chemistry in the marine boundary layer: 2. Interactions with sulfur and cloud-covered MBL
von Glasow, R; Sander, R; Bott, A; Crutzen, PJ
2,002
A companion paper presented a numerical one-dimensional model of the marine boundary layer (MBL) including chemical reactions in the gas and aqueous phase, focusing on the reaction cycles of halogen compounds. In this paper we study interactions between halogen and sulfur chemistry. HOCl and HOBr were found to be gener...
0
47,306
A structure activity relationship (SAR) for predicting rate constants for the reaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with alkenes
King, MD; Canosa-Mas, CE; Wayne, RP
2,002
The reactions between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and conjugated dienes in the urban atmosphere may contribute to elevated atmospheric NO2 concentrations in winter pollution episodes. In response to a need for kinetic data for these reactions, a simple method for predicting rate constants for the reaction between nitrogen d...
0
43,380
The subtropical global plume in the Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics A (PEM-Tropics A), PEM-Tropics B, and the Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP): how tropical emissions affect the remote Pacific
Chatfield, RB; Guo, Z; Sachse, GW; Blake, DR; Blake, NJ
2,002
An extended southern subtropical plume of CO meanders >15,000 km around the world, gradually spreading around 20 S. This southern pollution plume is most noticeable in the burning season, southern spring; a similar subtropical plume appears in the northern spring. We use tracer maps to guide the use of trajectories to ...
0
25,705
A two-stage model for multiple time series data of counts
Berhane, K; Thomas, DC
2,002
We propose a two-stage model for time series data of counts from multiple locations. This method fits first-stage model (s) using the technique of iteratively weighted filtered least squares (IWFLS) to obtain location-specific intercepts and slopes, with possible lagged effects via polynomial distributed lag modeling. ...
0
51,882
Atmospheric reactive chlorine and bromine at the Great Salt Lake, Utah
Stutz, J; Ackermann, R; Fast, JD; Barrie, L
2,002
The presence of chlorine radical species in the lower troposphere has been postulated, but only indirect evidence of its existence has been reported. We present the first direct spectroscopic observations of up to 15 ? 2 pmoles/mole-air chlorine oxide (ClO) in the mid-latitude boundary layer and confirm a previous disc...
1
35,458
Adaptation to multiday ozone exposure is associated with a sustained increase of bronchoalveolar uric acid
Kirschvink, N; Fievez, L; Bureau, F; Degand, G; Maghuin-Rogister, G; Smith, N; Art, T; Lekeux, P
2,002
The phenomenon of ozone tolerance is described, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We tested whether adaptation to multiday ozone exposure was related to an upregulated pulmonary antioxidant defence. Six calves were exposed to 0.75 ppm ozone, 12 h day(-1) for seven consecutive days. Pulmonary function tests ...
0
37,751
Ozone-induced increase in exhaled 8-isoprostane in healthy subjects is resistant to inhaled budesonide
Montuschi, P; Nightingale, JA; Kharitonov, SA; Barnes, PJ
2,002
#The aim of this study was to quantify lung oxidant stress after short-term ozone exposure as reflected by 8-isoprostane concentrations in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and to investigate the effects of inhaled budesonide on this response. 8-Isoprostane is a prostaglandin-F(2"alpha") isomer that is formed in vivo by ...
0
80,088
Bean plants and ozone: morphology matters
Elagoz, V; Manning, WJ
2,002
Relationship between leaf morphology and cultivar sensitivity to ozone were established.
0
47,534
Evaluation of lightning flash rate parameterizations for use in a global chemical transport model
Allen, DJ; Pickering, KE
2,002
Model simulations of tropospheric O3 require an accurate specification of the reactive odd nitrogen (NOx) source from lightning that is consistent in time and space with convective transport of O3 precursors. Lightning NOx production in global models is often parameterized in terms of convective cloud top heights (CLDH...
0
686,979
Genetic and perinatal risk factors for asthma onset and severity: a review and theoretical analysis
Bracken, MB; Belanger, K; Cookson, WO; Triche, E; Christiani, DC; Leaderer, BP
2,002
null
0
195,340
Process of dyeability modification and bleaching of cotton in a single bath
Srikulkit, K; Larpsuriyakul, P
2,002
Graft polymerisation of the cationic monomer, methacryloylaminopropyltrimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC), onto scoured cellulose was carried out in the bleaching process, aiming at modifying the fibre using a single bath. The extent of MAPTAC fixation on cellulose was measured, The bleaching performance of hydrogen per...
0
52,272
Organic nitrogen in precipitation over Eastern North America
Keene, WC; Montag, JA; Maben, JR; Southwell, M; Leonard, J; Church, TM; Moody, JL; Galloway, JN
2,002
A measurement technique was developed to reliably quantify organic nitrogen (ON) in ambient, wet-only precipitation. Samples were frozen during collection and subsequently divided into two aliquots. One set was stored at -170?C and analyzed for total N (TN) via high-temperature combustion to NO and detection by chemilu...
0
36,672
Does water deficit modify sensitivity of white clover to ozone?
Bermejo, R; Irigoyen, JJ; Santamaria, JM; Gimeno, BS
2,002
During past years, several research groups of many countries in Europe and America have joined efforts within the UNECE ICP Vegetation, in order to study the extent of tropospheric ozone incidence on natural vegetation and crops in these regions. As a proved method to asses O3 phytotoxicity [1], ozone sensitive (NC- S)...
0
30,624
Combined air pollution particle and ozone exposure increases airway responsiveness in mice
Goldsmith C-AW; Ning, YY; Qin, G; Imrich, A; Lawrence, J; Murthy GG, K; Catalano, PJ; Kobzik, L
2,002
We investigated whether coexposure to inhaled ambient particles and ozone affects airway responsiveness (AR, measured as enhanced pause, Penh) and allergic inflammation (AI) in a murine model of asthma. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice were challenged with either ovalbumin ("asthmatic") or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) aero...
0
42,754
Influence of hyperthyroidism on rat lung cytokine production and nuclear factor-kappaB activation following ozone exposure
Huffman, LJ; Prugh, DJ; Brumbaugh, K; Ding, M
2,002
Results from previous studies indicate that hyperthyroidism increases the risk of ozone-induced lung toxicity. To better understand the processes that might contribute to the increased pulmonary inflammatory response to ozone in hyperthyroidism, we evaluated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of selected cytokines in ...
0
57,467
Summer sunburn and sun exposure among US youths ages 11 to 18: national prevalence and associated factors
Davis, KJ; Cokkinides, VE; Weinstock, MA; O'Connell, MC; Wingo, PA
2,002
OBJECTIVE. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that ultraviolet radiation (UVR), from sun exposure and sunburns during early life, is associated with increased risk of melanoma and other skin cancers in adulthood. The objective of this study was to gather national, population-based data on sun exposure and protection behav...
0
625,703
Double jeopardy: Both overexpression and suppression of a redox-activated plant mitogen-activated protein kinase render tobacco plants ozone sensitive
Samuel, MA; Ellis, BE
2,002
In plants, the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based signal transduction processes is elusive. Despite the fact that ROS can induce MAPK activation, no direct genetic evidence has linked ROS-induced MAPK activation with the hypersensitive response, a form of programmed c...
1