REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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55,162 | Standard test methods for continuous measurement of ozone in ambient, workplace, and indoor atmospheres (ultraviolet absorption) | null | 2,003 | null | 0 |
47,805 | Application of empirical orthogonal functions to evaluate ozone simulations with regional and global models | Fiore, AM; Jacob, DJ; Mathur, R; Martin, RV | 2,003 | Empirical orthogonal functions are used together with standard statistical metrics to evaluate the ability of models with different spatial resolutions to reproduce observed patterns of surface ozone (O-3) in the eastern United States in the summer of 1995. We examine simulations with the regional Multiscale Air Qualit... | 0 |
39,044 | Air pollution and daily mortality in a city with low levels of pollution | Vedal, S; Brauer, M; White, R; Petkau, J | 2,003 | The concentration-response relationship between daily ambient inhalable particle (particulate matter </=10 micro m; PM10) concentrations and daily mortality typically shows no evidence of a threshold concentration below which no relationship is observed. However, the power to assess a relationship at very low concentra... | 0 |
42,850 | Mortality and air pollution for Santa Clara County, California, 1989-1996, In: Revised analyses of time-series studies of air pollution and health. Special report. | Fairley, D | 2,003 | The data are reanalyzed using generalized additive models (GAMs*) with stricter convergence criteria. The results are essentially unchanged with coefficients differing by at most +/- 0.5 standard error (SE) from the original and relative risks differing by at most +/- 0.01 SE. Various inference methods are compared. Th... | 0 |
42,804 | Shape of the exposure-response relation and mortality displacement in the NMMAPS database | Dominici, F; Daniels, M; McDermott, A; Zeger, SL; Samet, JM | 2,003 | Health Effects Institute. This section summarizes the revised results of three analyses of the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS*) data for particulate matter (PM) less than 10 'mu'm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and mortality: (1) estimation of shape of the exposureuresponse relation and... | 0 |
42,826 | Ambient air pollution and nonelderly asthma hospital admissions in Seattle, Washington, 1987-1994 | Sheppard, L | 2,003 | null | 0 |
55,568 | Design and performance of a free-air exposure system to study long-term effects of ozone on grasslands | Volk, M; Geissmann, M; Blatter, A; Contat, F; Fuhrer, J | 2,003 | #Studying long-term effects of ozone on perennial plant communities in situ is difficult because of the need for large observation plots and long exposure times, and because of confounding effects of altered microclimatic conditions in most systems. A novel free-air fumigation system was designed for multi-year exposur... | 1 |
53,928 | Analysis of summertime PM25 and haze episode in the mid-Atlantic region | Chen L-WA; Chow, JC; Doddridge, BG; Dickerson, RR; Ryan, WF; Mueller, PK | 2,003 | Observations of the mass and chemical composition of particles less than 2.5 um in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), light extinction, and meteorology in the urban Baltimore-Washington corridor during July 1999 and July 2000 are presented and analyzed to study summertime haze formation in the mid-Atlantic region. The mass ... | 0 |
53,031 | History of tropospheric ozone for the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California, 1963-1999 | Lee, EH; Tingey, DT; Hogsett, WE; Laurence, JA | 2,003 | A historical database of hourly O3 concentrations for Crestline, California in 1963-1999 has been developed based on all relevant oxidant/ozone monitoring data taken since 1963. All data were obtained from the California Air Resources Board and the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service and have been standardized ... | 1 |
49,178 | Vertical distribution of spectral solar irradiance in the cloudless sky: a case study | Wendisch, M; Mayer, B | 2,003 | #First airborne measurements of spectral solar down-and upwelling irradiances with a high spectral resolution (2-3 nm) are presented. The data were gathered in cloudless, hazy conditions over sea and land using a new instrument (called albedometer), which is equipped with a unique sensor head leveling technique. The do... | 0 |
43,649 | Physical activity among adults: United States, 2000 | Barnes, PM; Schoenborn, CA | 2,003 | Objective-This report presents selected prevalence estimates for overall physical activity among U.S. adults, using data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).
Methods-Data for the U.S.civil... | 0 |
42,776 | An in vitro cell model system for the study of the effects of ozone and other gaseous agents on phagocytic cells | Branislava, J; Umstead, TM; Phelps, DS; Floros, J | 2,003 | Ozone (O3), a major component of air pollution and a very strong oxidizing agent, can lead to lung injury associated with edema, inflammation, and epithelial cell damage. The ozone effects on pulmonary immune cells have been studied by various in vivo and in vitro systems. In this report, we characterized a model syste... | 0 |
57,177 | Long-term erythemal UV doses at Sodankyla estimated using total ozone, sunshine duration, and snow depth | Lindfors, AV; Arola, A; Kaurola, J; Taalas, P; Svenoe, T | 2,003 | A method for estimating daily erythemal UV doses using total ozone, sunshine duration, and snow depth has been developed. The method consists of three steps: (1) daily clear-sky UV doses were simulated using the UVSPEC radiative transfer program, with daily values of total ozone as input data, (2) an empirical relation... | 0 |
42,868 | Nitrogen emissions, deposition, and monitoring in the western United States | Fenn, ME; Haeuber, R; Tonnesen, GS; Baron, JS; Grossman-Clarke, S; Hope, D; Jaffe, DA; Copeland, S; Geiser, L; Rueth, HM; Sickman, JO | 2,003 | Nitrogen (N) deposition in the western United States ranges from I to 4 kilograms (kg) per hectare (ha) per year over much of the region to as high as 30 to 90 kg per ha per year downwind of major urban and agricultural areas. Primary N emissions sources are transportation, agriculture, and industry. Emissions of N as ... | 0 |
52,229 | Increasing background ozone during spring on the west coast of North America | Jaffe, D; Price, H; Parrish, D; Goldstein, A; Harris, J | 2,003 | Using a 15-year record of O3 from Lassen Volcanic National Park, a rural elevated site in northern California, data from two aircraft campaigns conducted in 1984 and 2002 over the eastern North Pacific, and observations spanning 18 years from five U.S. west coast, marine boundary layer sites, we show that O3 in air arr... | 1 |
42,235 | Computer modeling study of ethanol and aldehyde reactivities in Rio de Janeiro urban air | Martins, EM; Arbilla, G | 2,003 | An empirical kinetic modeling approach was used in order to simulate ozone, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations for an urban downtown area with high vehicular traffic. A base case was designed using experimental data for December 1999 in Presidente Vargas Avenue, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The simulated ozone pea... | 0 |
87,674 | A computational model for estimating personal exposure to air pollutants with application to London's PM10 in 1997 | Zidek, JV; Meloche, J; Shaddick, G; Chatfield, C; White, RA | 2,003 | null | 0 |
94,191 | Comparison of photochemical mechanisms for air quality modeling | Jimenez, P; Baldasano, JM; Dabdub, D | 2,003 | Photochemical mechanisms are a critical module of air quality models. In the past 20 years, several mechanisms have been developed to study the chemistry of the troposphere. This work compares several state-of-the-science photochemical mechanisms (including LCC, CBM-IV, RADM2, EMEP, RACM, SAPRC99, and CACM which have n... | 0 |
90,342 | Measurement of NO2 by the photolysis conversion technique during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) campaign | Nakamura, K; Kondo, Y; Chen, G; Crawford, JH; Takegawa, N; Koike, M; Kita, K; Miyazaki, Y; Shetter, RE; Lefer, BL; Avery, M; Matsumoto, J | 2,003 | An airborne instrument for in situ measurements of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was developed using the photolytic conversion technique followed by chemiluminescence detection of NO. This instrument was used for the measurements of NO2 on board the NASA P-3B aircraft during the Transport and Chemical Evolution O... | 0 |
699,309 | Driving less for better air: Impacts of a public information campaign | Henry, GT; Gordon, CS | 2,003 | In the wake of the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act, localities across the United States initiated public information campaigns both to raise awareness of threats to air quality and to change behavior related to air pollution by recommending specific behavioral changes in the campaign messages. These campaigns are ... | 1 |
51,284 | Heterogeneous atmospheric aerosol chemistry: laboratory studies of chemistry on water droplets | Reid, JP; Sayer, RM | 2,003 | Heterogeneous chemical reactions on aerosol particles playa pivotal role in atmospheric chemistry. In this review, the fundamental concepts underlying the chemical dynamics of liquid aerosol droplets are discussed, with particular emphasis on the properties of the aqueous-air interface and the reaction mechanisms of ke... | 0 |
94,243 | The need for spatially and functionally integrated models of ozone deposition to Sierra Nevada forests | Panek, JA; Baldocchi, DD; Goldstein, AH | 2,003 | Ozone deposition models are needed for the Sierra Nevada to address growing ozone pollution and forest health problems in the region. With the use of models, ozone deposition can be divided into stomatal and non-stomatal fractions. Modeling stomatal ozone deposition, or plant ozone uptake, is critical for estimating th... | 0 |
2,251,958 | Environmental management of clastic coastal depositional environments: inferences from an Australian geomorphic database | Harris, PT; Heap, AD | 2,003 | Simple, conceptual geomorphic models can assist environmental managers in making ed decisions regarding management of the coast at continental and regional scales. This information, detected from aerial photographs and/or satellite images, can be used to ain the relative signi?cance of several common environmental issu... | 0 |
90,295 | Flow and dispersion in urban areas | Britter, RE; Hanna, SR | 2,003 | Increasing urbanization and concern about sustainability and quality of life issues have produced considerable interest in flow and dispersion in urban areas. We address this subject at four scales: regional, city, neighborhood, and street. The flow is one over and through a complex array of structures. Most of the loc... | 0 |
156,611 | Ambient aerosol sampling using the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer | Jimenez, JL; Jayne, JT; Shi, Q; Kolb, CE; Worsnop, DR; Yourshaw, I; Seinfeld, JH; Flagan, RC; Zhang, X; Smith, KA | 2,003 | 1] The Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) has been designed to measure size-resolved mass distributions and total mass loadings of volatile and semivolatile chemical species in/on submicron particles. This paper describes the application of this instrument to ambient aerosol sampling. The AMS uses an aerodynamic ... | 1 |
52,250 | Air pollution, blood pressure, and their long-term associations with mortality | Lipfert, FW; Perry, HM, Jr; Miller, JP; Baty, JD; Wyzga, RE; Carmody, SE | 2,003 | Electric Power Research Institute. This article addresses the importance of blood pressure as a covariate in studies of long-term associations between air quality and mortality. We focus on a cohort of about 50,000 U.S. veterans who had been diagnosed as hypertensive at some time and whose survival rates were predicted... | 1 |
145,503 | The 1997 Southern California Ozone Study (SCOS97-NARSTO): Dedicated to the memory of Dr Glen Cass (1947-2001) | Croes, BE; Fujita, EM | 2,003 | null | 0 |
47,491 | Gas-phase chemistry dominates O3 loss to a forest, implying a source of aerosols and hydroxyl radicals to the atmosphere | Kurpius, MR; Goldstein, AH | 2,003 | Tropospheric ozone (O3) effectively deposits to forested ecosystems but the fate of O3 within the forest canopy is unresolved. We partitioned total measured ecosystem daytime O3 deposition to a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest into its major loss pathways; stomatal uptake, non-stomatal surface deposition, and ga... | 1 |
54,091 | Development of a chlorine mechanism for use in the Carbon Bond IV chemistry model | Tanaka, PL; Allen, DT; Mcdonald-Buller, EC; Chang, S; Kimura, Y; Mullins, CB; Yarwood, G; Neece, JD | 2,003 | Chlorine chemistry has been incorporated into the carbon bond IV mechanism and employed in a regional photochemical model ( the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx)) for preliminary use in assessing the regional impact of chlorine on ozone formation in Houston, Texas. Mechanisms employed in regional p... | 0 |
80,111 | Plant response to integrated impact of natural and anthropogenic stress factors | Dukhovskis, P; Juknys, R; Brazaityte, A; Zukauskaite, I | 2,003 | null | 0 |
26,303 | The effects of spatial scale of climate scenarios on economic assessments: an example from US agriculture | Adams, RM; Mccarl, BA; Mearns, LO | 2,003 | #The appropriate level of spatial resolution for climate scenarios is a key uncertainty in climate impact studies and regional integrated assessments. To the extent that such uncertainty may affect the magnitude of economic estimates of climate change, it has implications for the public policy debates concerning the ef... | 0 |
195,319 | Textural and chemical surface modifications produced by some oxidation treatments of a glassy carbon | Lopez-Garzon, FJ; Domingo-Garcia, M; Perez-Mendoza, M; Alvarez, PM; Gomez-Serrano, V | 2,003 | This paper deals with the modifications of the chemical surface functionalities and the textural changes of a glassy carbon produced by three oxidizing agents: ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and oxygen plasma. The chemical surface changes are evaluated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, temperature programmed... | 0 |
630,280 | Polar amplification of climate change in coupled models | Holland, MM; Bitz, CM | 2,003 | The Northern Hemisphere polar amplification of climate change is documented in models taking part in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project and in the new version of the Community Climate System Model. In particular, the magnitude, spatial distribution, and seasonality of the surface warming in the Arctic is examine... | 1 |
53,451 | Ground-based PTR-MS measurements of reactive organic compounds during the MINOS campaign in Crete, July-August 2001 | Salisbury, G; Williams, J; Holzinger, R; Gros, V; Mihalopoulos, N; Vrekoussis, M; Sarda-Esteve, R; Berresheim, H; Von Kuhlmann, R; Lawrence, M; Lelieveld, J | 2,003 | #This study presents measurements of acetonitrile, benzene, toluene, methanol and acetone made using the proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) technique at the Finokalia ground station in Crete during the Mediterranean INtensive Oxidant Study (MINOS) in July-August 2001. Three periods during the campaign ... | 0 |
52,053 | Health aspects of air pollution with particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide: Report on a WHO Working Group; Bonn, Germany; 13-15 January 2003 | null | 2,003 | Detailed knowledge on the effects of air pollutants on human health is a prerequisite for the development of effective policies to reduce the adverse impact of ambient air pollution. The second edition of WHO's Air quality guidelines (AQG) for Europe, formulated in 1996, summarizes systematically the effects of several... | 0 |
630,251 | Factors that affect leaf extracellular ascorbic acid content and redox status | Burkey, KO; Eason, G; Fiscus, EL | 2,003 | Leaf ascorbic acid content and redox status were compared in ozone-tolerant (Provider) and ozone-sensitive (S156) genotypes of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plants were grown in pots for 24 days under charcoal-filtered air (CF) conditions in open-top field chambers and then maintained as CF controls (29 nmol mol?1... | 1 |
42,637 | Canopy transpiration of Jeffrey pine in mesic and xeric microsites: O3 uptake and injury response | Grulke, NE; Johnson, R; Esperanza, A; Jones, D; Nguyen, T; Posch, S; Tausz, M | 2,003 | Canopy transpiration of mature Jeffrey pine was compared in "mesic" and "xeric" microsites differing in topographical position, bole growth, and the level of drought stress experienced. Diurnal and seasonal course of canopy transpiration was monitored with thermal dissipation probes in 1999 and 2000. Mid-canopy measure... | 1 |
89,408 | The heterogeneous hydrolysis of NO2 in laboratory systems and in outdoor and indoor atmospheres: An integrated mechanism | Finlayson-Pitts, BJ; Wingen, LM; Sumner, AL; Syomin, D; Ramazan, KA | 2,003 | The heterogeneous reaction of NO2 with water on the surface of laboratory systems has been known for decades to generate HONO, a major source of OH that drives the formation of ozone and other air pollutants in urban areas and possibly in snowpacks. Previous studies have shown that the reaction is first order in NO2 an... | 0 |
53,349 | On the ozone degradation of polypyrrole | Cataldo, F; Omastova, M | 2,003 | Polypyrrole, a conducting polymer, has been treated with ozone in a fixed bed reactor. Two different samples of polypyrrole (PPy) have been studied. PPy-Cl prepared by chemical oxidation of pyrrole with FeCl3 and PPy-Cl-DBSNa prepared using the same oxidant and an anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBSN... | 0 |
57,195 | The incidence of erythemal and UV solar irradiance over Buenos Aires, Argentina | Micheletti, MI; Wolfram, E; Piacentini, RD; Pazmino, A; Quel, E; Orce, V; Paladini, AA | 2,003 | Measurements are presented of UV solar irradiances at 305, 320, 340 and 380 nm and erythemal irradiance on clear-sky days in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. These values are compared with data calculated from a radiative atmospheric transfer model. Two quantities of major importance in this model are the ozone and... | 0 |
668,919 | Surface morphology, leaf and cuticle thickness of four dwarf shrubs from a sub-Arctic heath following long-term exposure to enhanced levels of UV-B | Semerdjieva, SI; Phoenix, GK; Hares, D; Gwynn-Jones, D; Callaghan, TV; Sheffield, E | 2,003 | In 1991 a field experiment was established in subarctic heathland at Abisko (68degrees35'N, 18degrees82'E), northern Sweden, to investigate the effects of enhanced UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation, simulating 15% ozone depletion, on plants in their natural environment. Leaves of the four dominant dwarf shrubs, the deciduous... | 1 |
41,673 | Source?sink balance and carbon allocation below ground in plants exposed to ozone | Andersen, CP | 2,003 | The role of tropospheric ozone in altering plant growth and development has been the subject of thousands of publications over the last several decades. Still, there is limited understanding regarding the possible effects of ozone on soil processes. In this review, the effects of ozone are discussed using the flow of c... | 1 |
52,432 | International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Model Intercomparison (IPMMI): spectral actinic solar flux measurements and modeling | Bais, AF; Madronich, S; Crawford, J; Hall, , SR; Mayer, B; Van Weele, M; Lenoble, J; Calvert, JG; Cantrell, CA; Shetter, RE; Hofzumahaus, A; Koepke, P; Monks, PS; Frost, G; Mckenzie, R; Krotkov, N; Kylling, A; Swartz, WH; Lloyd, S; Pfister, G; Martin, TJ; Roeth, EP; Griffioen, E; Ruggaber, A; Krol, M; Kraus, A; Edwards... | 2,003 | The International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Model Intercomparison (IPMMI) took place in Boulder, Colorado, from 15 to 19 June 1998, aiming to investigate the level of accuracy of photolysis frequency and spectral downwelling actinic flux measurements and to explore the ability of radiative transfer models to... | 0 |
50,171 | Tropospheric O3 moderates responses of temperate hardwood forests to elevated CO2: A synthesis of molecular to ecosystem results from the Aspen FACE project | Karnosky, DF; Zak, DR; Pregitzer, KS; Awmack, CS; Bockheim, JG; Dickson, RE; Hendrey, GR; Host, GE; King, JS; Kopper, BJ; Kruger, EL; Kubiske, ME; Lindroth, RL; Mattson, WJ; Mcdonald, EP; Noormets, A; Oksanen, E; Parsons, WFJ; Percy, KE; Podila, GK; Riemenschneider, DE; Sharma, P; Thakur, R; Sober, A; Sober, J; Jones, ... | 2,003 | The impacts of elevated atmospheric CO2 and/or O3 have been examined over 4 years using an open-air exposure system in an aggrading northern temperate forest containing two different functional groups (the indeterminate, pioneer, O3-sensitive species Trembling Aspen, Populus tremuloides and Paper Birch, Betula papyrife... | 1 |
191,769 | Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality(CMAQ) model aerosol component 1. Model description | Binkowski, F; Roselle, S | 2,003 | The aerosol component of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is designed to be an efficient and economical depiction of aerosol dynamics in the atmosphere. The approach taken represents the particle size distribution as the superposition of three lognormal subdistributions, called modes. The processes of ... | 1 |
46,938 | Peroxy radicals during BERLIOZ and Pabstthum: measurements, radical budgets and ozone production | Mihelcic, D; Holland, F; Hofzumahaus, A; Hoppe, L; Konrad, S; Musgen, P; Patz, HW; Schafer, HJ; Schmitz, T; Volz-Thomas, A; Bachmann, K; Schlomski, S; Platt, U; Geyer, A; Alicke, B; Moortgat, GK | 2,003 | The Photochemistry Experiment during BERLIOZ (PHOEBE) was conducted in July and August 1998 at a rural site located near the small village of Pabstthum, about 50 km northwest of downtown Berlin. In this paper, spectroscopic measurements of hydroxyl (OH) and peroxy radicals (HO2 and RO2) are discussed for two intensive ... | 0 |
47,734 | Stratosphere-troposphere exchange: a model and method intercomparison | Meloen, J; Siegmund, P; Van Velthoven, P; Kelder, H; Sprenger, M; Wernli, H; Kentarchos, A; Roelofs, G; Feichter, J; Land, C; Forster, C; James, P; Stohl, A; Collins, W; Cristofanelli, P | 2,003 | This paper presents one of the first extensive intercomparisons of models and methods used for estimating stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE). The study is part of the European Union project Influence of Stratosphere Troposphere Exchange in a Changing Climate on Atmospheric Transport and Oxidation Capacity (STACCAT... | 0 |
53,589 | Signatures of tropopause folding in satellite imagery | Wimmers, AJ; Moody, JL; Browell, EV; Hair, JW; Grant, WB; Butler, CF; Fenn, MA; Schmidt, CC; Li, J; Ridley, BA | 2,003 | A satellite-based conceptual picture of the stratospheric contribution to the spring ozone peak is presented through a survey of flight measurements and satellite imagery from the Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) program. We address the stratospheric contribution through the process of tro... | 1 |
42,846 | Nitrogen pollution in the northeastern United States: Sources, effects, and management options | Driscoll, CT; Whitall, D; Aber, J; Boyer, E; Castro, M; Cronan, C; Goodale, CL; Groffman, P; Hopkinson, C; Lambert, K; Lawrence, G; Ollinger, S | 2,003 | The northeastern United States receives elevated inputs of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) largely from net imports of food and atmospheric deposition, with lesser inputs from fertilizer, net feed imports, and N fixation associated with leguminous crops. Ecological consequences of elevated N inputs to the Northeast include ... | 0 |
53,766 | Overview of the 1997 Southern California ozone study (SCOS97-NARSTO) | Croes, BE; Fujita, EM | 2,003 | N/A. | 0 |
53,042 | Differences in ozone response between two Finnish wild strawberry populations | Manninen, S; Siivonen, N; Timonen, U; Huttunen, S | 2,003 | null | 0 |
630,271 | Climate sensitivity and response | Boer, GJ; Yu, B | 2,003 | Results from climate change simulations indicate a reasonably robust proportionality between global mean radiative forcing and global mean surface air temperature response. The "constant" of proportionality is a measure of the overall strength of climate feedback processes and hence of global climate sensitivity. Geogr... | 1 |
57,174 | Ultraviolet radiation and cutaneous malignant melanoma | Jhappan, C; Noonan, FP; Merlino, G | 2,003 | Recent years have seen a steady rise in the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma worldwide. Although it is now appreciated that the key to understanding the process by which melanocytes are transformed into malignant melanoma lies in the interplay between genetic factors and the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum of sunlig... | 0 |
35,202 | Associations between ambient air pollution and daily mortality among persons with congestive heart failure | Goldberg, MS; Burnett, RT; Valois, MF; Flegel, K; Bailar JC III; Brook, J; Vincent, R; Radon, K | 2,003 | We conducted a mortality time series study to investigate the association between daily mortality for congestive heart failure (CHF), and daily concentrations of particles and gaseous pollutants in the ambient air of Montreal, Quebec, during the period 1984-1993. In addition, using data from the universal Quebec Health... | 0 |
41,957 | Air pollution and emergency department visits for asthma among Ohio Medicaid recipients, 1991-1996 | Jaffe, DH; Singer, ME; Rimm, AA | 2,003 | We examined the effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), particulate matter of <10 microm aerodynamic diameter (PM10), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on asthmatics ages 5-34 years enrolled in Medicaid in Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus, OH (N=5416). Our study period was for the summer months, June-August, from July... | 0 |
42,695 | Distribution of platinum group elements and other traffic related elements among different plants along some highways in Germany | Djingova, R; Kovacheva, P; Wagner, G; Markert, B | 2,003 | Using ICP-MS and ICP-AES platinum group elements (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru and Ir) and Ce, La, Nd, Pb and Zr have been determined in street dust, Taraxacum officinale (dandelion), Plantago lanceolata (plantain), Lolium multiflorum (annual ryegrass), Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (moss) and Vascellum pratense (mushrooms) collected a... | 0 |
47,004 | Winter air pollution and respiratory function | Lippmann, M | 2,003 | null | 0 |
54,094 | Summertime characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer and relationships to ozone levels over the eastern United States | Rao, ST; Ku, JY; Berman, S; Zhang, K; Mao, H | 2,003 | This paper examines the spatial and temporal distributions of the mixing height, ventilation coefficient (defined as the product of mixing height and surface wind speed), and cloud cover over the eastern United States during the summer of 1995, using the high-resolution meteorological data generated by MM5 (Version 1),... | 1 |
42,555 | Does air pollution cause asthma exacerbations in children? | Peden, D | 2,003 | null | 0 |
42,553 | Relationship of outdoor air quality to pediatric asthma exacerbations | Lierl, MB; Hornung, RW | 2,003 | Background: Although exposure to outdoor air pollutants has been shown to be associated with exacerbations of asthma, there are relatively few admissions for asthma to Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH during the summer months when air quality tends to be worst.
Objective: The objective of this study was ... | 0 |
47,794 | Effects of airborne volatile organic compounds on plants | Cape, JN | 2,003 | Routine measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air have shown that average concentrations are very much smaller than those used in laboratory experiments designed to study the effects of VOCs on plants. However, maximum hourly concentrations of some VOCs can be 100 times larger than the average, even in r... | 0 |
51,806 | Ambient PAN and PPN in southern California from 1960 to the SCOS97-NARSTO | Grosjean, D | 2,003 | We examine long-term trends in ambient levels of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN) in southern California from the first measurements made in 1960 to those made in 1997 as part of SCOS97-NARSTO. We analyze peak concentrations, 24-h averages and monthly averages. Although the data record is in... | 0 |
195,270 | Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye acid red 14 in water: investigation of the effect of operational parameters | Daneshvar, N; Salari, D; Khataee, AR | 2,003 | Acid Red 14 (AR14), commonly used as a textile dye, could be photocatalytically degraded using TiO2 suspensions irradiated by a UV-C lamp (30 W). The experiments showed that TiO2 and UV light had a negligible effect when they were used on their own. The semi-log plot of dye concentration versus time was linear, suggest... | 0 |
80,123 | Obstructive and restrictive lung disease and markers of inflammation: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination | Mannino, DM; Ford, ES; Redd, SC | 2,003 | N/A. | 0 |
73,020 | Organic atmospheric particulate material | Seinfeld, JH; Pankow, JF | 2,003 | #Carbonaceous compounds comprise a substantial fraction of atmospheric particulate matter (PM). Particulate organic material can be emitted directly into the atmosphere or formed in the atmosphere when the oxidation products of certain volatile organic compounds condense. Such products have lower volatilities than thei... | 0 |
57,193 | Sensitivity of biologically active UV radiation to stratospheric ozone changes: effects of action spectrum shape and wavelength ranges | Micheletti, MI; Piacentini, RD; Madronich, S | 2,003 | Biological action spectra are commonly used to assess health and ecosystem responses to increases in spectral ultraviolet (UV) irradiances resulting from stratospheric ozone (O3) reductions. For each action spectrum, a normalized sensitivity coefficient (the radiation amplification factor [RAF]) can be calculated as th... | 0 |
53,709 | Air pollution: The "Heart" of the problem | Brook, RD; Brook, JR; Rajagopalan, S | 2,003 | Air pollution exposure is associated with an increased risk of acute and chronic cardiovascular mortality. Recent observations have implicated fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) as one of the most important pollutants. Inhalation of PM(2.5) causes acute pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. The subsequent generat... | 0 |
51,139 | Water uptake of internally mixed particles containing ammomium sulfate and dicarboxylic acids | Prenni, AJ; DeMott, PJ; Kreidenweis, SM | 2,003 | #There is increasing evidence that organic compounds comprise a significant fraction of tropospheric particles at all altitudes. The presence of these compounds can affect the particles' ability to take up water and to form ice in the atmosphere. In this paper we present studies that investigate the hygroscopic behavio... | 0 |
52,434 | Photolysis frequency of NO2: measurement and modeling during the International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Modeling intercomparison (IPMMI) | Shetter, RE; Junkermann, W; Swartz, WH; Frost, GJ; Crawford, JH; Lefer, BL; Barrick, JD; Hall, SR; Hofzumahaus, A; Bais, A; Calvert, JG; Cantrell, CA; Madronich, S; Muller, M; Kraus, A; Monks, PS; Edwards, GD; McKenzie, R; Johnston, P; Schmitt, R; Griffioen, E; Krol, M; Kylling, A; Dickerson, RR; Lloyd, SA; Martin, T; ... | 2,003 | The photolysis frequency of NO2, j(NO2), was determined by various instrumental techniques and calculated using a number of radiative transfer models for 4 days in June 1998 at the International Photolysis Frequency Measurement and Modeling Intercomparison (IPMMI) in Boulder, Colorado. Experimental techniques included ... | 0 |
47,492 | Changes in tropospheric ozone between 2000 and 2100 modeled in a chemistry-climate model | Zeng, G; Pyle, JA | 2,003 | We present results using a coupled chemistry/climate model to study changes in tropospheric ozone between 2000 and 2100. We assess changes first due to the increased emissions of NOx and VOCs (using the IPCC SRES scenario A2) and then due to both emission changes and the anticipated climate change with doubled CO2. In ... | 1 |
46,574 | Interactions between tropospheric chemistry and aerosols in a unified general circulation model | Liao, H; Adams, PJ; Chung, SH; Seinfeld, JH; Mickley, LJ; Jacob, DJ | 2,003 | A unified tropospheric chemistry-aerosol model has been developed within the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model (GCM). The model includes a detailed simulation of tropospheric ozone-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry as well as aerosols and aerosol precursors. Predicted aerosol species include sulfate... | 0 |
625,790 | Aldehydes and glutathione in exhaled breath condensate of children with asthma exacerbation | Corradi, M; Folesani, G; Andreoli, R; Manini, P; Bodini, A; Piacentini, G; Carraro, S; Zanconato, S; Baraldi, E | 2,003 | Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, and clinical studies show an imbalance in the level of oxidants to the level of antioxidants in subjects with asthma. Aldehydes and glutathione are examples of biomarkers of oxidant-induced damage and antioxidant status in asthma, respectively. In the study,... | 1 |
87,579 | Diagnostic evaluation of numerical air quality models with specialized ambient observations: testing the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ) at selected SOS 95 ground sites | Arnold, JR; Dennis, RL; Tonnesen, GS | 2,003 | Three probes for diagnosing photochemical dynamics are presented and applied to specialized ambient surface-level observations and to a numerical photochemical model to better understand rates of production and other process information in the atmosphere and in the model. However, care must be taken to ensure that rate... | 1 |
193,752 | A comparison of climate response to different radiative forcings in three general circulation models: Towards an improved metric of climate change | Joshi, M; Shine, KP; Ponater, M; Stuber, N; Sausen, R; Li, L | 2,003 | In order to review, and possibly refine, the concept of radiative forcing as a suitable metric for climate change, the responses of three general circulation models to distinct forcing scenarios are compared. CO2, solar radiation, and O3 are added in different locations, whilst keeping the globally averaged radiative f... | 1 |
53,541 | Indomethacin reverts sleep disorders produced by ozone exposure in rats | Rubio, C; Paz, C | 2,003 | Ozone (O3) exposure causes pulmonary biochemical changes both in humans and experimental animals, inducing the release of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and eicosanoids. Some of these reaction products have been characterized as endogenous sleep-promoting substances and have been implicated in the development... | 1 |
51,157 | Reduction of stem growth and site dependency of leaf injury in Massachusetts black cherries exhibiting ozone symptoms | Vollenweider, P; Woodcock, H; Kelty, MJ; Hofer, RM | 2,003 | #Leaf ozone symptoms in natural ecosystems are increasingly reported but ozone effects on tree growth and the mediation of site conditions are still little documented. This study tests two hypotheses: (1) leaf injury in black cherry is associated with decline in radial growth, (2) symptoms are more prevalent on mesic s... | 1 |
51,100 | VOC limits in sight | Dooley EE ed | 2,003 | null | 0 |
57,107 | Ultraviolet B but not ultraviolet A radiation initiates melanoma | De Fabo, EC; Noonan, FP; Fears, T; Merlino, G | 2,004 | Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the fastest increasing cancers with an incidence that has more than doubled in the last 25 years. Sunlight exposure is strongly implicated in the etiology of cutaneous malignant melanoma and the UV portion of the sunlight spectrum is considered responsible. Data are, however, conf... | 0 |
57,448 | Plasma and lung macrophage responsiveness to carotenoid supplementation and ozone exposure in humans | Steck-Scott, S; Arab, L; Craft, NE; Samet, JM | 2,004 | Objective: To examine the effect of ozone exposure and vegetable juice supplementation on plasma and lung macrophage
concentrations of carotenoids.
Design: A randomized trial.
Setting: Subjects were exposed to ambient air prior to antioxidant supplementation and to ozone after antioxidant
supplementation or placebo. Ex... | 0 |
597,497 | Temporal and spatial distribution of VIP, CGRP and their receptors in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in the lungs | Ren, YH; Qin, XQ; Guan, CX; Luo, ZQ; Zhang, CQ; Sun, XH | 2,004 | To explore the role of intrapulmonary neuropeptides in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness, we established an animal model of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in rabbits by using ozone exposure. With the model, after test of the mechanics of respiration and bronchoalveolar lavage assay, the levels of vasoacti... | 0 |
92,955 | Evaluation of management strategies for reducing nitrogen loadings to four US estuaries | Whitall, D; Castro, M; Driscoll, C | 2,004 | In this study we used the Watershed Assessment Tool for Evaluating Reduction Strategies for Nitrogen (WATERSN) model to evaluate a variety of management strategies for reducing nitrogen (N) loads to four US east coast estuaries: Casco Bay, Long Island Sound, Chesapeake Bay and Pamlico Sound. These management strategies... | 0 |
57,306 | Tropopause folding at satellite-observed spatial gradients: 2 Development of an empirical model | Wimmers, AJ; Moody, JL | 2,004 | We develop an empirical model that estimates the horizontal distribution of tropopause folds based primarily on a robust relationship between upper tropospheric specific humidity gradients and tropopause folding. The specific humidity gradients are resolved by the altered water vapor (AWV) product, developed from the G... | 0 |
630,578 | Increasing ozone over the Atlantic Ocean | Lelieveld, J; van Aardenne, J; Fischer, H; de Reus, M; Williams, J; Winkler, P | 2,004 | Ship-borne ozone (O3) measurements over the Atlantic Ocean during the period from 1977 to 2002 show that O3 trends in the northern mid-latitudes are small. In contrast, remarkably large O3 trends occur at low latitudes and in the Southern Hemisphere, where near-surface O3 has increased by up to a factor of 2. The likel... | 1 |
651,843 | Gene expression profiling of in vivo UVB-irradiated human epidermis | Enk, CD; Shahar, I; Amariglio, N; Rechavi, G; Kaminski, N; Hochberg, M | 2,004 | BACKGROUND: Several recent studies have employed microarray profiling to study UVB-regulated gene expression in human skin. These studies are all based on UV-irradiated cultured cells that differ substantially from the intact tissues they are supposed to imitate. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the diff... | 0 |
597,492 | Differential proinflammatory cytokine responses of the lung to ozone and lipopolysaccharide exposure during postnatal development | Carl, J; Bruce, H; Jacob, F | 2,004 | Age appears to be a critical variable in the ability of the lung to cope with external stress. Alterations in cellular responses associated with environmental toxicants are likely to modify the developmental processes. This would suggest that the timing and interaction between exposure and developmental events appears ... | 0 |
56,477 | Fuzzy synthetic evaluation of disinfection by-products--a risk-based indexing system | Sadiq, R; Rodriguez, MJ | 2,004 | Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed when disinfectants such as chlorine, chloramine, and ozone react with organic matter in water. Chlorine being the most common disinfectant used in the drinking water industry worldwide, significant attention has been focused on chlorinated DBPs. A new indexing method using fuz... | 0 |
57,215 | Is there more than one road to melanoma? | Rivers, JK | 2,004 | CONTEXT: Sunlight is the main environmental cause of most cutaneous melanomas. Exposure to intense bursts of ultraviolet radiation, especially in childhood, starts the transformation of benign melanocytes into a malignant phenotype. Paradoxically, outdoor workers have a decreased risk of melanoma compared with indoor w... | 0 |
596,389 | Nasal allergy-like symptoms aggravated by ozone exposure in a concentration-dependent manner in guinea pigs | Iijima, MK; Kobayashi, T | 2,004 | Our previous study revealed that exposure to 0.4 ppm ozone (O(3)) enhanced nasal allergy-like reactions in guinea pigs. In the present study, we investigated the concentration-dependency of the effects of exposure to O(3) on the aggravation of nasal allergy-like reactions induced by repeated nasal administration of ant... | 1 |
79,168 | Deaths: final data for 2002 | Kochanek, KD; Murphy, SL; Anderson, RN; Scott, C | 2,004 | null | 0 |
57,265 | A case study of excessive subtropical transport in the stratosphere of a data assimilation system | Tan, WW; Geller, MA; Pawson, S; Da Silva, A | 2,004 | [ 1] Assessments of transport show that results derived from assimilated ( or analyzed) winds exhibit significantly larger mixing and entrainment rates compared to those derived from general circulation model (GCM) winds, where the GCM transport is somewhat closer ( statistically) to values inferred from observations. ... | 0 |
695,428 | Ozone exposures during trans-continental and trans-pacific flights | Spengler, JD; Ludwig, S; Weker, RA | 2,004 | Ozone concentrations were passively monitored in passenger cabins of commercial airliners flying domestic, Pacific, and south-east Asian routes. One-hundred and six flight segments were monitored for either the full duration and/or approximately 3 h during the middle portion of the flight for a total of 145 time-integr... | 0 |
695,508 | Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for the estimation of air quality data | Wong, DW; Yuan, L; Perlin, SA | 2,004 | We recognized that many health outcomes are associated with air pollution, but in this project launched by the US EPA, the intent was to assess the role of exposure to ambient air pollutants as risk factors only for respiratory effects in children. The NHANES-III database is a valuable resource for assessing children's... | 0 |
87,805 | Cardiovascular implications of exposure to traffic air pollution during exercise | Sharman, JE; Cockcroft, JR; Coombes, JS | 2,004 | Regular aerobic exercise is recommended by physicians to improve health and longevity. However, individuals exercising in urban regions are often in contact with air pollution, which includes particles and gases associated with respiratory disease and cancer. We describe the recent evidence on the cardiovascular effect... | 0 |
56,569 | The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age | Gauderman, WJ; Avol, E; Gilliland, F; Vora, H; Thomas, D; Berhane, K; McConnell, R; Kuenzli, N; Lurmann, F; Rappaport, E; Margolis, H; Bates, D; Peters, J | 2,004 | Background--Whether exposure to air pollution adversely affects the growth of lung function during the period of rapid lung development that occurs between the ages of 10 and 18 years is unknown. Methods--In this prospective study, we recruited 1759 children (average age, 10 years) from schools in 12 southern Californi... | 1 |
72,657 | Associations between particle number and gaseous co-pollutant concentrations in the Los Angeles Basin | Sardar, SB; Fine, PM; Yoon, H; Sioutas, C | 2,004 | Continuous measurements of particle number (PN), particle mass (PM10), and gaseous pollutants [carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and ozone (O3)] were performed at five urban sites in the Los Angeles Basin to support the University of Southern California Children?s Health Study in 2002. ... | 0 |
80,382 | Chemical reactions among indoor pollutants: what we've learned in the new millennium | Weschler, CJ | 2,004 | The mix of pollutants in indoor environments can be transformed as a consequence of chemical reactions, reducing the concentrations of the reacting species and increasing the concentrations of the products. Within this broad topic, the current paper focuses on significant research that has recently occurred in three su... | 0 |
76,674 | Air pollution attributable postneonatal infant mortality in US metropolitan areas: a risk assessment study | Kaiser, R; Romieu, I; Medina, S; Schwartz, J; Krzyzanowski, M; Kunzli, N | 2,004 | Background: The impact of outdoor air pollution on infant mortality has not been quantified. Methods: Based on exposure-response functions from a U.S. cohort study, we assessed the attributable risk of postneonatal infant mortality in 23 U.S. metropolitan areas related to particulate matter <10 Am in diameter (PM10) as... | 0 |
195,840 | Central and peripheral changes in catecholamine biosynthesis and turnover in rats after a short period of ozone exposure | Soulage, C; Perrin, D; Cottet-Emard, JM; Pequignot, J; Dalmaz, Y; Pequignot, JM | 2,004 | We investigated in rat the effects of ozone exposure (0.7 ppm) for 5 h on the catecholamine biosynthesis and turnover in sympathetic efferents and various brain areas. For this purpose, the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, was assessed in superior cervical gangli... | 0 |
74,101 | Sun exposure may protect against non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A case-control study | Hughes, AM; Armstrong, BK; Vajdic, CM; Turner, J; Grulich, AE; Fritschi, L; Milliken, S; Kaldor, J; Benke, G; Kricker, A | 2,004 | Ultraviolet radiation is a hypothesised risk factor for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) but no epidemiological study has examined this association using direct measures of sun exposure in individuals. Adults aged 20-74 years living in NSW and ACT, Australia, were the study population. Cases (704 of 829 invited to take part,... | 0 |
89,312 | Ecosystem carbon storage in arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization | Mack, MC; Schuur, EA; Bret-Harte, MS; Shaver, GR; Chapin, FS, III | 2,004 | Global warming is predicted to be most pronounced at high latitudes, and observational evidence over the past 25 years suggests that this warming is already under way. One-third of the global soil carbon pool is stored in northern latitudes, so there is considerable interest in understanding how the carbon balance of n... | 0 |
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