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607,326
The adjoint of CMAQ
Hakami, A; Henze, DK; Seinfeld, JH; Singh, K; Sandu, A; Kim, ST; Byun, DW; Li, QB
2,007
An adjoint model for the internationally used Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling platform of the U.S. EPA is developed. The adjoint version for CMAG (CMAQ-ADJ) provides the user community with forward (decoupled direct method or DDM) and backward (adjoint) sensitivity analysis capabilities. Current implem...
0
139,738
Development and application of a three-dimensional aerosol chemical transport model, PMCAMx
Gaydos, TM; Pinder, R; Koo, B; Fahey, KM; Yarwood, G; Pandis, SN
2,007
A three-dimensional chemical transport model (PMCAMx) is used to simulate PM mass and composition in the eastern United States for a July 2001 pollution episode. The performance of the model in this region is evaluated, taking advantage of the highly time and size-resolved PM and gas-phase data collected during the Pit...
1
631,176
Emission data sets and methodologies for estimating emissions
van het Bolscher, M; Pulles, T; Brand, R; Pereira, J; Mota, B; Spessa, A; Dalsoren, S; van Nojie, T; Szopa, S
2,007
The RETRO project aimed at analyzing the long-term changes in the atmospheric budget of trace gases and aerosols over the time period from 1960 to 2000. Five global-scale numerical models of atmospheric transport and chemistry were employed to achieve a statistically robust and temporally consistent estimate of atmosph...
0
91,639
Temporal relationship between air pollutants and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Hong Kong
Ko, FW; Tam, W; Wong, TW; Chan, DP; Tung, AH; Lai, CKW; Hui, DSC
2,007
AIMS: To assess any relationship between the levels of ambient air pollutants and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Hong Kong. METHODS: A retrospective ecological study was undertaken. Data of daily emergency hospital admissions to 15 major hospitals in Hong Kong for COPD and indic...
0
92,842
The relationship between outdoor air quality and respiratory symptoms in young children
Rodriguez, C; Tonkin, R; Heyworth, J; Kusel, M; De Klerk, N; Sly, PD; Franklin, P; Runnion, T; Blockley, A; Landau, L; Hinwood, AL
2,007
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between air pollution and respiratory symptoms in young children. A total of 263 children at high risk of developing asthma or atopy were recruited antenatally and all respiratory symptoms experienced by the children were recorded by their parents for five years...
1
90,712
Urban air pollution and respiratory emergency visits at pediatric unit, Reggio Emilia, Italy
Bedeschi, E; Campari, C; Candela, S; Collini, G; Caranci, N; Frasca, G; Galassi, C; Francesca, G; Vigotti, MA
2,007
Short-term effects of air pollution on daily mortality and hospital admissions for respiratory causes are well documented. Few studies, however, explore the association between exposure to air pollution and daily emergency room visits for respiratory disorders, particularly in Italy and particularly among children as a...
0
199,384
Did the ambient ozone affect stem increment of scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) on territories under regional pollution load? Step III of Lithuanian studies
Augustaitis, A; Augustaitiene, I; Cinga, G; Mazeika, J; Deltuvas, R; Juknys, R; Vitas, A
2,007
This study aimed to explore if changes in stem increment of Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) could be related to changes in ambient ozone concentration when the impact of tree dendrometric parameters (age, diameter) and crown defoliation are accounted for. More than 200 dominant and codominant trees from 12 pine stand...
0
602,837
What exposure indicator should be used to study the short-term respiratory health effect of photochemical air pollution? A case study in the Paris metropolitan area (2000-2003)
Chardon, B; Host, S; Lefranc, A; Millard, F; Gremy, I
2,007
Many studies report that air pollution has short-term effects on mortality or morbidity. Many of them analyse the exposure-response curve for ozone, but because ozone is what is called a "secondary" pollutant, it is difficult to quantify the short-term links between its daily levels and health. The goal of this study w...
0
651,871
Susceptibility to UV-A and UV-B provocation does not correlate with disease severity of polymorphic light eruption
Janssens, AS; Pavel, S; Ling, T; Winhoven, SM; Anastasopoulou, N; Stratigos, A; Antoniou, C; Diepgen, T; de Gruijl, F; Rhodes, LE
2,007
Objective: To examine whether the ease of disease provocation by UV-A and/or UV-B radiation correlates with clinical features of polymorphic light eruption (PLE), including those indicative of disease severity. Design: Intervention study. Patients: One hundred forty-three patients with PLE. Interventions: Provocation t...
0
90,220
Effects of exposure measurement error on particle matter epidemiology: a simulation using data from a panel study in Baltimore, MD
Schwartz, J; Sarnat, JA; Coull, BA; Wilson, WE
2,007
Ascertaining the true risk associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM) is difficult, given the fact that pollutant components are frequently correlated with each other and with other gaseous pollutants; relationships between ambient concentrations and personal exposures are often not well understood; and PM, un...
0
596,460
Interrelationships of quantitative asthma-related phenotypes in the epidemiological study on the genetics and environment of asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and atopy
Oryszczyn, MP; Bouzigon, E; Maccario, J; Siroux, V; Nadif, R; Wright, A; Kauffmann, F
2,007
Background: Delineating asthma subphenotypes is of interest to understand the cause of the disease. Few studies have addressed the interrelationships of quantitative asthma-related traits. Objective: We sought to study the interrelationships of allergy markers and FEV1 in relation to asthma and sex in children and adul...
1
195,616
Genetic mechanisms of susceptibility to oxidative lung injury in mice
Cho, HY; Kleeberger, SR
2,007
Genetic background is a known predisposing risk factor for many acute and chronic pulmonary disorders and responses to environmental oxidants. Variation in lung injury responses to oxidative stimuli such as ozone, particles, hyperoxia, and chemotherapeutic agents between genetically standardized inbred mouse strains ha...
1
191,228
Apparent climatically induced increase of tree mortality rates in a temperate forest
van Mantgem, PJ; Stephenson, NL
2,007
We provide a first detailed analysis of long-term, annual-resolution demographic trends in a temperate forest. After tracking the fates of 21 338 trees in a network of old-growth forest plots in the Sierra Nevada of California, we found that mortality rate, but not the recruitment rate, increased significantly over the...
0
199,309
Simulation of stomatal conductance for Aleppo pine to estimate its ozone uptake
Elvira, S; Alonso, R; Gimeno, BS
2,007
The data from a previous experiment carried out in open-top chambers to assess the effects of ozone (O-3) exposure on growth and physiology of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) were re-assessed to test the performance of the EMEP O-3 stomatal conductance model used to estimate tree O-3 uptake at a European scale. Al...
0
90,634
Traffic restrictions associated with the Sino-African summit: reductions of NOx detected from space
Wang, Y; McElroy, MB; Boersma, KF; Eskes, HJ; Veefkind J, P
2,007
#Aggressive measures were instituted by the Beijing municipal authorities to restrict vehicular traffic in the Chinese capital during the recent Sino-African Summit. We show that reductions in associated emissions of NOx were detected by the Dutch-Finnish Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard the Aura satellite. Int...
0
90,718
[Effects of personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide on peak expiratory flow in asthmatic patients]
Kwon, HJ; Lee, SG; Jee, YK; Lee, SR; Hwang, SS
2,007
OBJECTIVES: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has been inconsistently associated with gradual decreases in lung function. Here, we studied the effects of NO2 exposure in asthmatics by examining the association between changes in lung function and concentrations of NO2 which were personally measured. METHODS: Peak expiratory flow ...
0
618,319
Traffic, air pollution, and health
Samet, JM
2,007
This paper discusses emerging information on exposure to air pollution from traffic and health and raises two key questions with regard to the impact of traffic on public health: 1) is there sufficient evidence to infer that traffic is causing adverse health effects, and; 2) what is the magnitude of the adverse impact ...
0
92,881
Cardiovascular actions of insulin
Muniyappa, R; Montagnani, M; Koh, KK; Quon, MJ
2,007
null
0
630,284
Climate/chemistry feedbacks and biogenic emissions
Pyle, JA; Warwick, N; Yang, X; Young, PJ; Zeng, G
2,007
The oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere is affected by anthropogenic emissions and is projected to change in the future. Model calculations indicate that the change in surface ozone at some locations could be large and have significant implications for human health. The calculations depend on the precise scenarios use...
1
93,181
Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability
null
2,007
This Summary sets out the key policy-relevant findings of the Fourth Assessment of Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The Assessment is of current scientific understanding of the impacts of climate change on natural, managed and human systems, the capacity of these systems to adap...
0
651,884
Vitamin D and its role in cancer and immunity: A prescription for sunlight
Mullin, GE; Dobs, A
2,007
Vitamin D has been recognized for more than a century as essential for the normal development and mineralization of a healthy skeleton. More extensive roles for vitamin D were suggested by the discovery of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in tissues that are not involved in calcium and phosphate metabolism. VDR has been di...
0
191,265
Changes in the community of ectomycorrhizal fungi and increased fine root number under adult beech trees chronically fumigated with double ambient ozone concentration
Grebenc, T; Kraigher, H
2,007
Forest soils are an important but under-studied part of forest ecosystems. The effects of O-3 on below-ground processes in a mature forest have only received limited attention so far. in our study, we have analysed the community of ectomy-corrhizal fungi and beech fine root dynamics over two growing seasons (2003-2004)...
1
196,912
Predicting community sensitivity to ozone, using Ellenberg Indicator values
Jones, MLM; Hayes, F; Mills, G; Sparks, TH; Fuhrer, J
2,007
This paper develops a regression-based model for predicting changes in biomass of individual species exposed to ozone (RSp), based on their Ellenberg Indicator values. The equation (RSp=1.805-0.118Light-0.135 root Salinity) underpredicts observed sensitivity but has the advantage of widespread applicability to almost 3...
0
684,055
National ambient air quality standards for ozone
null
2,007
null
0
611,643
Measurements of fine and ultrafine particles formation in photocopy centers in Taiwan
Lee, CW; Hsu, DJ
2,007
This study investigates the levels of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and some selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at 12 photocopy centers in Taiwan from November 2004 to June 2005. The results of BTEXS (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and styrene) measurements indicated that toluene had...
0
584,533
Statistical analysis of atmospheric trace metals and particulate fractions in Islamabad, Pakistan
Shah, MH; Shaheen, N
2,007
Airborne suspended particulate matter was collected on glass fibre filters in urban atmosphere of Islamabad, Pakistan, using high volume sampler. The particulate samples were analysed for 10 selected metals (Fe, Na, Zn, K, Pb, Mn, Cr, Ni, Co and Cd) by FAAS method. Maximum mean contribution was noted for Fe (1.761A [mu...
0
595,134
The portable atmospheric research interferometric spectrometer for the infrared, PARIS-IR
Fu, D; Walker, KA; Sung, K; Boone, CD; Soucy, MA; Bernath, PF
2,007
A new compact, portable Fourier transform spectrometer, called the Portable Atmospheric Research Interferometric Spectrometer for the Infrared (PARIS-IR), has been built for atmospheric remote sensing. The first comprehensive description of the configuration and performance of this instrument for ground-based and ballo...
0
196,891
A review of ozone-induced effects on the forests of central Mexico
de Lourdes de Bauer, M; Hernandez-Tejeda, T
2,007
The first report on oxidant-induced plant damage in the Valley of Mexico was presented over 30 years ago. Ozone is known to occur in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and elsewhere as the cause of chlorotic mottling on pine needles that are 2 years old or older as observed in 1976 on Pinus hartwegii and Pinus leiophyll...
1
179,977
Assessing the impact of ambient ozone on growth and yield of a rice (Oryza sativa L.) and a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar grown in the Yangtze Delta, China, using three rates of application of ethylenediurea (EDU)
Wang, X; Zheng, Q; Yao, F; Chen, Z; Feng, Z; Manning, WJ
2,007
Foliar applications of ethylenediurea (abbreviated as EDU) were made at 0, 150, 300 or 450 ppm to field-grown rice and wheat in the Yangtze Delta in China. Rice and wheat responded differently to ambient ozone and EDU applications. For wheat, some growth characteristics, such as yield, seed number per plant, seed set r...
0
199,408
A DIGE analysis of developing poplar leaves subjected to ozone reveals major changes in carbon metabolism
Bohler, S; Bagard, M; Oufir, M; Planchon, S; Hoffmann, L; Jolivet, Y; Hausman, JF; Dizengremel, P; Renaut, J
2,007
Tropospheric ozone pollution is described as having major negative effects on plants, compromising plant survival. Carbon metabolism is especially affected. In the present work, the effects of chronic ozone exposure were evaluated at the proteomic level in developing leaves of young poplar plants exposed to 120 ppb of ...
1
633,671
Emission data sets and methodologies for estimating emissions. RETRO project
Schultz, M; Rast, S; van het Bolscher, M; Pulles, T; Brand, R; Pereira, J; Mota, B; Spessa, A; Dalsoren, S; Nojie, T; Szopa, S
2,007
The RETRO project aimed at analyzing the long-term changes in the atmospheric budget of trace gases and aerosols over the time period from 1960 to 2000. Five global-scale numerical models of atmospheric transport and chemistry were employed to achieve a statistically robust and temporally consistent estimate of atmosph...
0
191,404
Flux-based response of sucrose and starch in leaves of adult beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) under chronic free-air O-3 fumigation
Blumenrother, MC; Low, M; Matyssek, R; Osswald, W
2,007
Investigations on sucrose and starch contents in leaves of 60-year-old beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) are the focus of the present study. Five trees were exposed to a twice ambient ozone regime (2 x O-3) with a free-air canopy exposure system throughout the seasons and five trees under the prevailing ambient ozone re...
0
93,265
Air pollution, weather, and associated risk factors related to asthma prevalence and attack rate
Ho, WC; Hartley, WR; Myers, L; Lin, MH; ,
2,007
Asthma is an important public health challenge. The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship of air pollution and weather to adolescent asthma prevalence and attack rate. A 6-month mass screening asthma study was conducted from October 1995 to March 1996 in Taiwan. The study population included ju...
0
180,042
Assessment of the extent to which intensively-studied lakes are representative of the adirondack region and response to future changes in acidic deposition
Sullivan, TJ; Cosby, BJ; Herlihy, AT; Driscoll, CT; Fernandez, IJ; McDonnell, TC; Boylen, CW; Nierzwicki-Bauer, SA; Snyder, KU
2,007
Many lakes in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, have acidified over the past century due to acidic atmospheric deposition. More recently, most monitored lakes have shown signs of chemical recovery (increase in acid neutralizing capacity) as sulfur deposition levels have declined in response to the Clean Air Act and o...
0
624,541
Ozone removal by HVAC filters
Zhao, P; Siegel, JA; Corsi, RL
2,007
Residential and commercial HVAC filters that have been loaded with particles during operation in the field can remove ozone from intake or recirculated air. However, knowledge of the relative importance of HVAC filters as a removal mechanism for ozone in residential and commercial buildings is incomplete. We measured t...
0
595,428
Association of GST genes polymorphisms with asthma in Tunisian children
Hanene, C; Jihene, L; Jame, A; Kamel, H; Agnes, H
2,007
A positive association between genetic polymorphism and asthma may not be extrapolated from one ethnic group to another based on intra- and interethnic allelic and genotype frequencies differences. Objective. We assessed whether polymorphisms of GST genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) are associated with asthma and atopy a...
1
155,962
An examination of the physical and optical properties of aerosols collected in the IMPROVE program
Malm, WC; Hand, JL
2,007
The Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) protocols for reconstructing the ambient light extinction coefficient (b(ext)) from measured aerosol species are the basis for evaluating compliance under the Regional Haze Rule. Aerosol mass composition and optical properties have been measured as p...
0
93,104
The temporal dynamics of ozone-induced FEV1 changes in humans: An exposure-response model
Mcdonnell, WF; Stewart, PW; Smith, MV
2,007
Although ozone is known to induce reversible decrements in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), no exposure-response model has been identified that accurately describes the dynamics of response to the changing concentrations and activity patterns of normal ambient human exposure. The purpose of the current analysis ...
1
199,362
[Tropospheric ozone - still a risk for vegetation in a changing climate?]
Bender, J; Weigel, HJ
2,007
There is evidence of an increase in global background ozone (O-3) concentrations, which may lead to significant changes in regional O-3 exposures in the future. However, future impacts of O-3 on vegetation will depend largely on changes in other climate change factors such as elevated CO2-concentrations. A short synops...
0
91,373
[Air pollution and respiratory diseases: A central role for oxidative stress]
Baeza, A; Marano, F
2,007
Epidemiological studies have clearly shown a relationship between respiratory diseases and air pollution. Ozone and ambient particles are the main pollutants contributing to the exacerbation of these pathologies. Their toxicity resides in their ability to generate an oxidative stress. The level of oxidative stress and ...
0
651,860
Comment on "The effects on human health from stratospheric ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change" by M. Norval, A. P. Cullen, F. R. de Gruijl, J. Longstreth, Y. Takizawa, R. M. Lucas, F. P. Noonan and J. C. van der Leun, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2007, 6, 232
Grant, WB; Moan, J; Reichrath, J
2,007
An increase in solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation reaching the earth's surface is an important consequence of stratospheric ozone depletion. UVB has important effects on human health, both beneficial and harmful. Recent research has found that solar UVB reduces the risk of over 20 types of cancer, respiratory diseases...
0
195,862
Ozone exposure and lung function: Effect modified by obesity and airways hyperresponsiveness in the VA Normative Aging Study
Alexeeff, SE; Litonjua, AA; Suh, H; Sparrow, D; Vokonas, PS; Schwartz, J
2,007
BACKGROUND: Ozone has heterogeneous effects on lung function. We investigated whether obesity and airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR) modify the acute effects of ozone on lung function in the elderly. METHODS: We studied 904 elderly men from the Normative Aging Study whose lung function (FVC, FEV1) was measured approxima...
1
199,364
Psidium guajava 'Paluma' (the guava plant) as a new bio-indicator of ozone in the tropics
Furlan, CM; Moraes, RM; Bulbovas, P; Domingos, M; Salatino, A; Sanz, MJ
2,007
Psidium guajava 'Paluma' saplings were exposed to carbon filtered air (CF), ambient non-filtered air (NF), and ambient non-filtered air +40 ppb ozone (NF + O-3) 8 h per day during two months. The AOT40 values at the end of the experiment were 48, 910 and 12 895 ppb h(-1), respectively for the three treatments. After 5 ...
0
196,950
The role of ozone-reactive compounds, terpenes, and green leaf volatiles (GLVs), in the orientation of Cotesia plutellae
Pinto, DM; Nerg, AM; Holopainen, JK
2,007
The emission of inducible volatile organic compounds (VOCs), i.e., inducible terpenes, and green leaf volatiles (GLVs), is a common response of plants to herbivore attack. These VOCs are involved in the orientation of natural enemies, i.e., predators and parasitoids, toward their herbivore prey or hosts (indirect defen...
1
40,380
Air Quality System (AQS)
null
2,007
This Air Quality System (AQS) technical area is designed primarily for AQS users (state, tribal and local agency management, EPA Regional Offices, consultants, and environmental group.) It provides information about the use of the AQS application, software downloads, file formats, background project information, and e...
0
139,618
Analysis of ozone and VOCs measured in Shanghai: A case study
Geng, F; Zhao, C; Tang, X; Lu, G; Tie, X
2,007
Shanghai Meteorological Administration has established a volatile organic compounds (VOCs) laboratory and an observational network for VOCs and ozone (O- 3) measurements in the city of Shanghai. In this study, the measured VOCs and O-3 concentrations from 15 November (15-Nov) to 26 November (26-Nov) of 2005 in Sha...
0
196,951
The effects of increasing atmospheric ozone on blogenic monoterpene profiles and the formation of secondary aerosols
Pinto, DM; Tiiva, P; Miettinen, P; Joutsensaari, J; Kokkola, H; Nerg, AM; Laaksonen, A; Holopainen, JK
2,007
Monoterpenes are biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) which play an important role in plant adaptation to stresses, atmospheric chemistry, plant-plant and plant-insect interactions. In this study, we determined whether ozonolysis can influence the monoterpenes in the headspace of cabbage. The monoterpenes were m...
0
467,036
Ventilation heterogeneity is a major determinant of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma, independent of airway inflammation
Downie, SR; Salome, CM; Verbanck, S; Thompson, B; Berend, N; King, GG
2,007
Background: Airway hyperresponsiveness is the ability of airways to narrow excessively in response to inhaled stimuli and is a key feature of asthma. Airway inflammation and ventilation heterogeneity have been separately shown to be associated with airway hyperresponsiveness. A study was undertaken to establish whether...
0
655,504
Chemokine and chemokine receptor profiles in keratinocytes, fibroblasts and melanocytic cells after UVB irradiation
Barounig, A; Roschger, A; Quan, P; Michelitsch, U; Back, B; Kerl, H; Wolf, P; Schaider, H
2,007
Chemokines and chemokine receptors are key determinants of immune responses, thus contributing to skin tumorigenesis. Because changes in expression levels after UV irradiation are unknown, we investigated on the expression profiles in human fibroblasts, keratinocytes, melanocytes and two melanoma cell lines (451Lu, SBc...
0
191,402
Fine roots and ectomycorrhizas as indicators of environmental change
Cudlin, P; Kieliszewska-Rojucka, B; Rudawska, M; Grebenc, T; Alberton, O; Lehto, T; Bakker, MR; Borja, I; Konopka, B; Leski, T; Kraigher, H; Kuyper, TW
2,007
Human-induced and natural stress factors can affect fine roots and ectomycorrhizas. Therefore they have potential utility as indicators of environmental change. We evaluated, through meta-analysis, the magnitude of the effects of acidic deposition, nitrogen deposition, increased ozone levels, elevated atmospheric carbo...
0
191,552
The overexpression of an alternative oxidase gene triggers ozone sensitivity in tobacco plants
Pasqualini, S; Paolocci, F; Borgogni, A; Morettini, R; Ederli, L
2,007
null
0
694,607
Will the circle be unbroken: A history of the US national ambient air quality standards
Chow, JC; Watson, JG; Feldman, HJ; Nolen, JE; Wallerstein, B; Hidy, GM; Lioy, PJ; Mckee, H; Mobley, D; Baugues, K; Bachmann, JD
2,007
null
0
622,958
The dichotomy of relative humidity on indoor air quality
Wolkoff, P; Kj?rgaard SK
2,007
Dry and irritated mucous membranes of the eyes and airways are common symptoms reported in office-like environments. Earlier studies suggested that indoor pollutants were responsible. We have re-evaluated, by review of the literature, how low relative humidity (RH) may influence the immediately perceived indoor air qua...
0
199,289
Stomatal conductance of semi-natural Mediterranean grasslands: Implications for the development of ozone critical levels
Alonso, R; Bermejo, V; Sanz, J; Valls, B; Elvira, S; Gimeno, BS
2,007
Intra-genus and intra-specific variation and the influence of nitrogen enrichment on net assimilation and stomatal conductance of some annual Trifolium species of Mediterranean dehesa grasslands were assessed under experimental conditions. Also gas exchange rates were compared between some Leguminosae and Poaceae speci...
1
90,121
Effect of exposure to traffic on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age: A cohort study
Gauderman, WJ; Vora, H; McConnell, R; Berhane, K; Gilliland, F; Thomas, D; Lurmann, F; Avol, E; Kunzli, N; Jerrett, M; Peters, J
2,007
BACKGROUND: Whether local exposure to major roadways adversely affects lung-function growth during the period of rapid lung development that takes place between 10 and 18 years of age is unknown. This study investigated the association between residential exposure to traffic and 8-year lung-function growth. METHODS: ...
0
597,606
Role of surfactant protein-A (SP-A) in lung injury in response to acute ozone exposure of SP-A deficient mice
Haque, R; Umstead, TM; Ponnuru, P; Guo, X; Hawgood, S; Phelps, DS; Floros, J
2,007
Millions are exposed to ozone levels above recommended limits, impairing lung function, causing epithelial damage and inflammation, and predisposing some individuals to pneumonia, asthma, and other lung conditions. Surfactant protein-A (SP-A) plays a role in host defense, the regulation of inflammation, and repair of t...
1
90,735
Lung cancers attributable to environmental tobacco smoke and air pollution in non-smokers in different European countries: a prospective study
Vineis, P; Hoek, G; Krzyzanowski, M; Vigna-Taglianti, F; Veglia, F; Airoldi, L; Overvad, K; Raaschou-Nielsen, O; Clavel-Chapelon, F; Linseisen, J; Boeing, H; Trichopoulou, A; Palli, D; Krogh, V; Tumino, R; Panico, S; Bueno-De-Mesquita, HB; Peeters, PH; Lund, EE; Agudo, A; Martinez, C; Dorronsoro, M; Barricarte, A; Cire...
2,007
BACKGROUND: Several countries are discussing new legislation on the ban of smoking in public places, and on the acceptable levels of traffic-related air pollutants. It is therefore useful to estimate the burden of disease associated with indoor and outdoor air pollution. METHODS: We have estimated exposure to Environme...
0
694,573
Panel discussion review: Session four--assessing biological plausibility of epidemiological findings in air pollution research
Brown, JS; Graham, JA; Chen, LC; Postlethwait, EM; Ghio, AJ; Foster, WM; Gordon, T
2,007
In December 2006, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sponsored a 2-day workshop on "Interpretation of Epidemiologic Studies of Multipollutant Exposure and Health Effects'' in Chapel Hill, NC. The final session at this workshop was devoted to assessing the biological plausibility of epidemiological findings...
0
93,044
Air quality and respiratory health in Delhi
Nidhi; Jayaraman, G
2,007
#Delhi is an instructive location for studying the impact of air pollution since it is a rapidly expanding centre of government, trade commerce and industry. We have made an attempt to (1) determine the association between environmental pollution and respiratory morbidity in Delhi for the period 1998-2004, (2) assess t...
0
191,516
Microscopic structure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)) needles during ageing and autumnal senescence
Kivimaenpaa, M; Sutinen, S
2,007
Needle ageing and senescence were studied in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees growing in natural conditions with minimal anthropogenic influence. The four existing needle generations were analyzed by light and transmission electron microscopy before and during autumnal yellowing of the oldest needle generation. The ...
0
93,035
Extended effects of air pollution on cardiopulmonary mortality in Vienna
Neuberger, M; Moshammer, H; Rabczenko, D
2,007
#Background: Current standards for fine particulates and nitrogen dioxide are under revision. Patients with cardiovascular disease have been identified as the largest group which need to be protected from effects of urban air pollution. Methods: We sought to estimate associations between indicators of urban air polluti...
0
190,134
The flow across a street canyon of variable width- Part 1: Kinematic description
Simoens, S; Ayrault, M; Wallace, JM
2,007
Measurements have been made of the scalar dispersion of smoke released from a two-dimensional slot in the wall perpendicular to a boundary layer flow and located parallel to and midway between two square obstacles placed on the wall. The Reynolds number of the boundary layer at the slot location without the obstacles i...
0
191,544
O-3 flux-related responsiveness of photosynthesis, respiration, and stomatal conductance of adult Fagus sylvatica to experimentally enhanced free-air O-3 exposure
Low, M; Haberle, KH; Warren, CR; Matyssek, R
2,007
Knowledge of responses of photosynthesis, respiration, and stomatal conductance to cumulative ozone uptake (COU) is still scarce, and this is particularly the case for adult trees. The effect of ozone (O-3) exposure on trees was examined with 60-year-old beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) at a forest site of southern German...
0
180,049
Monitoring of environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A review
Srogi, K
2,007
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of organic compounds with two or more fused aromatic rings. They have a relatively low solubility in water, but are highly lipophilic. Most of the PAHs with low vapour pressure in the air are adsorbed on particles. When dissolved in water or adsorbed on particul...
0
191,361
Effects of ozone on sugar beet grown in open-top chambers
De Temmerman, L; Legrand, G; Vandermeiren, K
2,007
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris cv. Patriot) plants were grown on field plots and in open-top chambers (OTCs) in two successive years. In the OTC treatments, plants were exposed to charcoal filtered air, unfiltered air or unfiltered air enriched with additional ozone (O-3). Ozone exposure continued for almost 5 months and th...
0
93,250
Pediatric patient asthma-related emergency department visits and admissions in Washington, DC, from 2001-2004, and associations with air quality, socio-economic status and age group
Babin, SM; Burkom, HS; Holtry, RS; Tabernero, NR; Stokes, LD; Davies-Cole, JO; Dehaan, K; Lee, DH
2,007
Background: The District of Columbia (DC) Department of Health, under a grant from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, established an Environmental Public Health Tracking Program. As part of this program, the goals of this contextual pilot study are to quantify short-term associations between daily pedia...
0
91,269
Effects of personal particulate matter on peak expiratory flow rate of asthmatic children
Tang, CS; Chang, LT; Lee, HC; Chan, CC
2,007
Many researches have shown that the particulate matter (PM) of air pollution could affect the pulmonary functions, especially for susceptible groups such as asthmatic children, where PM might decrease the lung function to different extents. To assess the effects of PM on health, most studies use data from ambient air m...
0
191,277
Comparison of different algorithms for stomatal ozone flux determination from micrometeorological measurements
Gerosa, G; Derghi, F; Cieslik, S
2,007
The determination of stomatal ozone fluxes is essential to assess the potential damage to plants due to ozone uptake. This parameter is not accessible directly with measurements, but can be deduced through algorithms using observational data. Total ozone fluxes and water vapour fluxes are generally used. Water vapour f...
0
100,904
Interannual variation in meteorologically adjusted ozone levels in the eastern United States: A comparison of two approaches
Zheng, J; Swall, JL; Cox, WM; Davis, JM
2,007
Assessing the influence of abatement efforts and other human activities on ozone levels is complicated by the atmosphere's changeable nature. Two statistical methods, the dynamic linear model (DLM) and the generalized additive model (GAM), are used to estimate ozone trends in the eastern United States and to adjust for...
0
196,934
Identifying ozone-sensitive communities of (semi-)natural vegetation suitable for mapping exceedance of critical levels
Mills, G; Hayes, F; Jones, MLM; Cinderby, S
2,007
Using published data on the responses of individual species to ozone, 54 EUNIS (European Nature Information System) level 4 communities with six or more ozone-sensitive species (%OS) and c. 20% or more species tested for ozone sensitivity, were identified as potentially ozone-sensitive. The largest number of these comm...
1
91,242
Associations of fine and ultrafine particulate air pollution with stroke mortality in an area of low air pollution levels
Kettunen, J; Lanki, T; Tiittanen, P; Aalto, PP; Koskentalo, T; Kulmala, M; Salomaa, V; Pekkanen, J
2,007
Background and Purpose--Daily variation in outdoor concentrations of inhalable particles (PM10 <10 Am in diameter) has been associated with fatal and nonfatal stroke. Toxicological and epidemiological studies suggest that smaller, combustion-related particles are especially harmful. We therefore evaluated the effects o...
0
191,599
Photosynthesis responses to ozone in young trees of three species with different sensitivities, in a 2-year open-top chamber experiment (Curno, Italy)
Bussotti, F; Desotgiu, R; Cascio, C; Strasser, RJ; Gerosa, G; Marzuoli, R
2,007
This paper reports the findings of an open-top chamber experiment carried out in northern Italy (Forest nursery at Curno), during the 2004 and 2005 growth seasons, on Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur seedlings and on Populus nigra cuttings, in order to test their photosynthesis response to ambient ozone. The experimen...
0
199,796
Modelling stomatal ozone flux and deposition to grassland communities across europe
Ashmore, MR; Buker, P; Emberson, LD; Terry, AC; Toet, S
2,007
Regional scale modelling of both ozone deposition and the risk of ozone impacts is poorly developed for grassland communities. This paper presents new predictions of stomatal ozone flux to grasslands at five different locations in Europe, using a mechanistic model of canopy development for productive grasslands to gene...
0
157,006
Measurements of the volatility of aerosols from alpha-pinene ozonolysis
Stanier, CO; Pathak, RK; Pandis, SN
2,007
The temperature-dependence of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentrations is measured using a temperature-controlled smog chamber. Aerosols are generated from reaction of alpha-pinene (14-150 ppb) and ozone at a constant temperature of 22 +/- 2 degrees C in the presence of the OH-scavenger 2-butanol. After the react...
0
191,611
Phytotoxic risk assessment of ambient air pollution on agricultural crops in Selangor State, Malaysia
Ishii, S; Bell, JNB; Marshall, FM
2,007
The phytotoxic risk of ambient air pollution to local vegetation was assessed in Selangor State, Malaysia. The AOT40 value was calculated by means of the continuously monitored daily maximum concentration and the local diurnal pattern of Ox. Together with minor risks associated with the levels of NO2 and SO2, the study...
0
196,604
The effects of on-site measured ozone concentration on pulmonary function and symptoms of asthmatics
Kim, DH; Kim, YS; Park, JS; Kwon, HJ; Lee, KY; Lee, SR; Jee, YK
2,007
Most studies on the effects of ambient ozone on asthmatics have been based on ozone concentration measurements taken by air monitors in downtown areas. Using a passive ozone sampler, we investigated the effects of on-site ozone concentrations on the pulmonary function and symptoms of asthmatics. Twenty moderate to seve...
0
91,332
Effect of particulate matter air pollution on hospital admissions and medical visits for lung and heart disease in two southeast Idaho cities
Ulirsch, GV; Ball, LM; Kaye, W; Shy, CM; Lee, CV; Crawford-Brown, D; Symons, M; Holloway, T
2,007
Few, if any, published time series studies have evaluated the effects of particulate matter air exposures by combining hospital admissions with medical visit data for smaller populations. We investigated the relationship between daily particulate matter (<10 mum in aerometric diameter or PM(10)) exposures with admissio...
0
93,268
Source location of air pollution and cardiac autonomic function: Trajectory cluster analysis for exposure assessment
Park, SK; O'Neill, MS; Stunder, BJB; Vokonas, PS; Sparrow, D; Koutrakis, P; Schwartz, J
2,007
Although many studies report that exposure to air pollution harms health, few have examined associations between pollution sources and health outcomes. We hypothesized that pollution originating in different locations has different associations with heart rate variability (HRV) among 497 men from the Normative Aging St...
1
191,622
Preliminary results of modeled ozone uptake for Fagus sylvatica L. trees at selected EU/UN-ECE intensive monitoring plots
Schaub, M; Emberson, L; Buker, P; Krauchi, N
2,007
The objective of this study was to establish whether EU and UN-ECE/ICP-Forests monitoring data (i) provide the variables necessary to apply the flux-based modeling methods and (ii) meet the quality criteria necessary to apply the flux-based critical level concept. Application of this model has been possible using envir...
0
651,858
A meta-analysis of second cancers after a diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancer: Additional evidence that solar ultraviolet-B irradiance reduces the risk of internal cancers
Grant, WB
2,007
BACKGROUND: Nearly 20 types of cancer have been found to be inversely correlated with solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) levels determined geographically in ecologic studies, assuming that personal solar UVB irradiances were directly related to July solar UVB doses. This assumption has been questioned. METHODS: Rates of second ...
0
199,379
Assessment of the impact of increasing concentrations of ozone on photosynthetic components of maize (Zea mays L.), a C-4 plant
Leitao, L; Delacote, E; Dizengremel, P; Le Thiec, D; Biolley, JP
2,007
Ozone may induce opposite effects on maize photosynthesis.
1
187,925
Role of CD4+ T cells in sarcoidosis
Grunewald, J; Eklund, A
2,007
Activated pulmonary CD4(+) T lymphocytes of the Th-1 type are essential for the inflammatory process in sarcoidosis, and IFN-gamma production is crucial for the characteristic granuloma formation. Both the T cells and their inflammatory mediators may constitute possible targets for immunotherapy. A particular T-cell su...
0
191,436
Ground-level ozone in China: Distribution and effects on crop yields
Wang, X; Manning, W; Feng, Z; Zhu, Y
2,007
Rapid economic development and an increasing demand for food in China have drawn attention to the role of ozone at pollution levels on crop yields. Some assessments of ozone effects on crop yields have been carried out in China. Determination of ozone distribution by geographical location and resulting crop loss estima...
0
191,287
Concentration of sugars, phenolic acids, and amino acids in forest soils exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 and O3
Johnson, RM; Pregitzer, KS
2,007
Concentrations of soluble soil sugars, soluble phenolic acids, and free amino acids were measured in three forest communities at the FACTS-II Aspen FACE Site near Rhinelander, WI, in order to better understand how elevated atmospheric CO2 and O-3 are influencing soil nutrient availability and cycling. Sugars, phenolic ...
1
191,392
Evidence for the existence of organosulfates from beta-pinene ozonolysis in ambient secondary organic aerosol
Iinuma, Y; Muller, C; Berndt, T; Boge, O; Claeys, M; Herrmann, H
2,007
The formation of organosulfates from the gas-phase ozonolysis of beta-pinene in the presence of neutral or acidic sulfate particles was investigated in a series of indoor aerosol chamber experiments. The organosulfates were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to electrospray ionization-ti...
0
651,867
The greater lethality of UVB radiation to cultured human cells is associated with the specific activation of a DNA damage-independent signaling pathway
Horikawa-Miura, M; Matsuda, N; Yoshida, M; Okumura, Y; Mori, T; Watanabe, M
2,007
UV radiation causes cell death through the activation of various intracellular signaling molecules in both DNA damage-dependent and -independent manners. The ability of middle-wavelength UV (UVB) radiation to form DNA photoproducts is less than that of short-wavelength UV (UVC) radiation; however, the differences betwe...
0
91,421
Air pollution and climate gradients in western Oregon and Washington indicated by epiphytic macrolichens
Geiser, LH; Neitlich, PN
2,007
Human activity is changing air quality and climate in the US Pacific Northwest. In a first application of non-metric multidimensional scaling to a large-scale, framework dataset, we modeled lichen community response to air quality and climate gradients at 1416 forested 0.4 ha plots. Model development balanced polluted ...
1
651,870
Climate augmentation of erythemal UV-B radiation dose damage in the tropics and global change
Ilyas, M
2,007
Skin cancer (UV carcinogenesis) causing erythemal solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation dosages received at tropical latitudes are about five times higher compared to mid-latitudes. The tropical environment also experiences high levels of temperature and humidity which are detrimental to human health. We show that more ...
0
625,784
Bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum and exhaled clinically relevant inflammatory markers: Values in healthy adults
Balbi, B; Pignatti, P; Corradi, M; Baiardi, P; Bianchi, L; Brunetti, G; Radaeli, A; Moscato, G; Mutti, A; Spanevello, A; Malerba, M
2,007
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), induced sputum and exhaled breath markers (exhaled nitric oxide and exhaled breath condensate) can each provide biological insights into the pathogenesis of respiratory disorders. Some of their biomarkers are also employed in the clinical management of patients with various respiratory dis...
1
91,310
Air pollution, smoking, and plasma homocysteine
Baccarelli, A; Zanobetti, A; Martinelli, I; Grillo, P; Hou, L; Lanzani, G; Mannucci, PM; Bertazzi, PA; Schwartz, J
2,007
BACKGROUND: Mild hyperhomocysteinemia is independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Air pollution exposure induces short-term inflammatory changes that may determine hyperhomocysteinemia, particularly in the presence of a preexisting proinflammatory status such as that found in cigarette...
1
651,866
Ultraviolet radiation and melanoma: A systematic review and analysis of reported sequence variants
Hocker, T; Tsao, H
2,007
Despite the large body of mutational data available for melanoma and epidemiological studies linking this cancer to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), the fundamental carcinogenic mechanisms involved in melanoma remain largely unknown. To this end, we systematically reviewed, extracted, and analyzed mutational data from the ...
0
191,664
Seasonal variations in isoprene emission from tropical deciduous tree species
Singh, AP; Varshney, CK; Singh, UK
2,007
Isoprene is a dominant constituent of the global biogenic volatile organic compounds budget. It plays an important role in regulating the atmospheric trace gas composition including tropospheric ozone concentrations. In this study, monthly measurements of isoprene emission rates were carried out over a 1-year period (D...
0
191,713
Variations and trends of ground-level ozone and AOT40 in the rural areas of Lithuania
Girgzdiene, R; Bycenkiene, S; Girgzdys, A
2,007
The analysis of data of the ground-level ozone concentration and accumulated ozone exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) in the rural areas of Lithuania is presented. Trends in the annual ozone mean, 95{th} and 25{th} percentiles were determined as statistically not significant at Preila and Rugsteliskes sites du...
0
90,693
Intercomparison of SCIAMACHY nitrogen dioxide observations, in situ measurements and air quality modeling results over western Europe
Blond, N; Boersma, KF; Eskes, HJ; Van Der A, RJ; Van Roozendael, M; De Smedt, I; Bergametti, G; Vautard, R
2,007
The Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY) satellite spectrometer provides detailed information on the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) content in the planetary boundary layer. NO2 tropospheric column retrievals of SCIAMACHY and its predecessor Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment are char...
0
597,682
Activation of transcription factor IL-6 (NF-IL-6) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) by lipid ozonation products is crucial to interleukin-8 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells
Kafoury, RM; Hernandez, JM; Lasky, JA; Toscano, WA, Jr; Friedman, M
2,007
Ozone (O(3)) is a major component of smog and an inhaled toxicant to the lung. O(3) rapidly reacts with the airway epithelial cell membrane phospholipids to generate lipid ozonation products (LOP). 1-Hydroxy-1-hydroperoxynonane (HHP-C9) is an important LOP, produced from the ozonation of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero...
0
90,697
The relationship between air pollution, lung function and asthma in adolescents
Islam, T; Gauderman, WJ; Berhane, K; Mcconnell, R; Avol, E; Peters, JM; Gilliland, FD
2,007
Background: The interrelationships between air pollution, lung function and childhood asthma incidence has yet to be established. Hypothesis: To determine whether lung function is associated with new onset asthma and whether this relationship varies by exposure to ambient air pollutants. Methods: A cohort of fourth gr...
1
199,200
The tomato ethylene receptor LE-ETR3 (NR) is not involved in mediating ozone sensitivity: causal relationships among ethylene emission, oxidative burst and tissue damage
Castagna, A; Ederli, L; Pasqualini, S; Mensuali-Sodi, A; Baldan, B; Donnini, S; Ranieri, A
2,007
The causal relationships among ethylene emission, oxidative burst and tissue damage, and the temporal expression patterns of some ethylene biosynthetic and responsive genes, were examined in the Never ripe (Nr) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) mutant and its isogenic wild type (cv. Pearson), to investigate the role pla...
0
199,290
Comparison of calculated and measured foliar O3 flux in crop and forest species
Grulke, NE; Paoletti, E; Heath, RL
2,007
We designed a new gas exchange system that concurrently measures foliar H2O, O-3, and CO2 flux (HOC flux system) while delivering known O-3 concentrations. Stomatal responses of three species were tested: snapbean, and seedlings of California black oak (deciduous broadleaf) and blue oak (evergreen broadleaf). Acute O-3...
1
90,705
Indoor environmental influences on children's asthma
Sharma, HP; Hansel, NN; Matsui, E; Diette, GB; Eggleston, P; Breysse, P
2,007
The burden of asthma for children in the United States is substantial and has continued to rise for the past 2 decades. There is growing evidence that the indoor environment may play an important role in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. This article first reviews the effects of indoor allergen exposure and sensiti...
0
694,739
Ozone air levels adjacent to a dental ozone gas delivery system
Johansson, E; Andersson-Wenckert, I; Hagenbjork-Gustafsson, A; Van Dijken, JWV
2,007
Objective. Ozone (O-3) has been suggested as an anti-microbial treatment in dentistry, with an ozone gas delivery system introduced for the treatment of fissure and root caries. The aim of this study was to investigate the sealing capacity of the novel delivery system and its re-suction capacity during accidental displ...
0