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199,271
Monoterpene and isoprene emissions from typical tree species in forests around Mexico City
Dominguez-Taylor, P; Ruiz-Suarez, LG; Rosas-Perez, I; Hernandez-Solis, JM; Steinbrecher, R
2,007
The isoprenoid emission of sacred fir (Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Chain.), patula pine (Pinus patula Schiede, Schltdl. & Chain.) and net-leaf oak (Quercus rugosa Nee) was investigated in Mexico City during the years 2002 and 2003. Chemical compound specific emission factors were obtained for different months of...
0
91,247
Particulate air pollution, progression, and survival after myocardial infarction
Zanobetti, A; Schwartz, J
2,007
OBJECTIVE: Several studies have examined the effect of particulate pollution (PM) on survival in general populations, but less is known about susceptible groups. Moreover, previous cohort studies have been cross-sectional and subject to confounding by uncontrolled differences between cities. DESIGN: We investigated whe...
1
191,706
Types of ectomycorrhiza of mature beech and spruce at ozone-fumigated and control forest plots
Grebenc, T; Kraigher, H
2,007
In the Kranzberg forest near Freising (Germany) a novel "Free-Air Canopy O-3 Exposure" system has been employed for analysing O-3-induced responses from sub-cellular to ecosystem levels that are relevant for carbon balance and CO2 demand of 60-year-old beech trees. The below-ground ectomycorrhizal community was studied...
0
526,288
Relative impacts of worldwide tropospheric ozone changes and regional emission modifications on European surface-ozone levels
Szopa, S; Hauglustaine, DA
2,007
Multi-scale models were applied to assess the surface ozone changes in 2030. Several emission scenarios are considered, ranging from (a) a pessimistic anthropogenic emission increase to (b) an optimistic decrease of emissions, and including (c) a realistic scenario that assumes the implementation of control legislation...
0
618,115
Field comparison of passive samplers versus UV-photometric analyser to measure surface ozone in a Mediterranean area
Saborit, JMD; Cano, VJE
2,007
The aim of the present work is to compare the performance of the Radiello passive sampler versus UV-photometric ozone analyser to measure surface ozone in a Mediterranean Spanish coastal area. The comparison presented considers precision, bias, accuracy, selectivity, detection limit, cost and applicability. For assessi...
0
677,315
Rubber vulcanizates degradation and stabilization
Datta, RN; Huntink, NM; Datta, S; Talma, AG
2,007
Degradation of rubber vulcanizates in the presence and absence of air as well as in presence of ozone is reviewed in this paper. The paper also outlines the means to overcome this undesirable phenomenon. Under anaerobic aging conditions, which is termed as reversion, the vulcanizates are exposed to elevated tempe...
0
90,316
Multipollutant modeling issues in a study of ambient air quality and emergency department visits in Atlanta
Tolbert, PE; Klein, M; Peel, JL; Sarnat, SE; Sarnat, JA
2,007
Multipollutant models are frequently used to differentiate roles of multiple pollutants in epidemiologic studies of ambient air pollution. In the presence of differing levels of measurement error across pollutants under consideration, however, they can be biased and as misleading as single-pollutant models. Their appro...
1
418,827
Acute pulmonary function response to ozone in young adults as a function of body mass index
Bennett, WD; Hazucha, MJ; Folinsbee, LJ; Bromberg, PA; Kissling, GE; London, SJ
2,007
Recent studies have shown enhanced responsiveness to ozone in obese mice. Adiposity has not been examined as a possible modulator of ozone response in humans. We therefore examined the relationship between body mass index and the acute spirometric response to ozone (O(3)) exposure among 197 nonasthmatic young adults (a...
1
179,951
Upregulation of substance P receptor expression by calcitonin gene-related peptide, a possible cooperative action of two neuropeptides involved in airway inflammation
Wu, H; Guan, C; Qin, X; Xiang, Y; Qi, M; Luo, Z; Zhang, C
2,007
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is present in almost all patients with symptomatic asthma, yet its mechanism is not well understood. Airway inflammation is thought to be an important underlying mechanism involved in causing AHR. Recent studies indicate release of neuropeptides from C-fiber endings plays a pivotal role...
0
191,700
Tree internal signalling and defence reactions under ozone exposure in sun and shade leaves of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees
Jehnes, S; Betz, G; Bahnweg, G; Haberer, K; Sandermann, H; Rennenberg, H
2,007
The influence of free-air ozone (O-3) fumigation on the levels of gene transcripts and compounds of defence and signalling were analysed in leaves of adult beech trees from the "Kranzberg Forest" research site in 2003 and 2004. This includes the precursor of the stress hormone ethylene, ACC (1-aminocy-clopropane-1-carb...
0
695,479
Distribution, magnitudes, reactivities, ratios and diurnal patterns of volatile organic compounds in the Valley of Mexico during the MCMA 2002 & 2003 field campaigns
Velasco, E; Lamb, B; Westberg, H; Allwine, E; Sosa, G; Arriaga-Colina, JL; Jobson, BT; Alexander, ML; Prazeller, P; Knighton, WB; Rogers, TM; Grutter, M; Herndon, SC; Kolb, CE; Zavala, M; de Foy, B; Volkamer, R; Molina, LT; Molina, MJ
2,007
A wide array of volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements was conducted in the Valley of Mexico during the MCMA-2002 and 2003 field campaigns. Study sites included locations in the urban core, in a heavily industrial area and at boundary sites in rural landscapes. In addition, a novel mobile-laboratory-based conditi...
0
92,848
Air pollution and hospital admissions for asthma in a subtropical city: Taipei, Taiwan
Yang, CY; Chen, CC; Chen, CY; Kuo, HW
2,007
This study was undertaken to determine whether there is an association between exposure to air pollutants levels and number of hospital admissions for asthma in Taipei, Taiwan. Hospital admissions for asthma and ambient air pollution data for Taipei were obtained for the period from 1996 through 2003. The relative risk...
0
191,572
Ozone effects on three Sambucus species
Cano, I; Calatayud, V; Cervero, J; Sanz, MJ
2,007
The onset and development of symptoms of three Sambucus species, S. ebulus, S. nigra and S. racemosa were studied in 2002 under three different experimental conditions, in charcoal filtered air (CF), and in two ozone enriched treatment: non filtered air plus 40 ppb ozone (NF+), and non filtered air plus 70 ppb ozone (N...
0
156,594
Characterization of PM2.5, gaseous pollutants, and meteorological interactions in the context of time-series health effects models
Ito, K; Thurston, GD; Silverman, RA
2,007
Associations of particulate matter (PM) and ozone with morbidity and mortality have been reported in many recent observational epidemiology studies. These studies often considered other gaseous co-pollutants also as potential confounders, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO)....
1
93,196
Seasonal variation of effect of air pollution on blood pressure
Choi, JH; Xu, QS; Park, SY; Kim, JH; Hwang, SS; Lee, KH; Lee, HJ; Hong, YC
2,007
Background: Many studies have shown a consistent association between ambient air pollution and an increase in death due to cardiovascular causes. An increase in blood pressure is a common risk factor for a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between air pollution and blood pressure has not been...
1
93,275
Traffic and outdoor air pollution levels near residences and poorly controlled asthma in adults
Meng, YY; Wilhelm, M; Rull, RP; English, P; Ritz, B
2,007
#BACKGROUND: Air pollution may exacerbate asthma. OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between traffic and outdoor air pollution levels near residences and poorly controlled asthma among adults diagnosed as having asthma in Los Angeles and San Diego counties, California. METHODS: We estimated traffic density within 5...
1
199,419
Study of ambient ozone phytotoxicity in Ukraine and ozone protective effect of some antioxidants
Blum, O; Didyk, N
2,007
The aim of the study was to assess ambient ozone phytotoxicity in Kyiv (Ukraine) using bioindicator clover plants (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Geraldton) and to test some natural and synthetic antioxidants as ozone protectants. The results obtained showed that ambient ozone concentrations were high enough to cause visib...
0
606,285
Risk assessment for criteria pollutants and formaldehyde in Mexico City
Garcia-Reynoso, JA; Grutter, M; Cintora-Juarez, D
2,007
An environmental risk assessment study for Mexico City on criteria pollutants (O-3, NO2, SO2 and PM10) and formaldehyde (HCHO) is presented. The methodology for non-carcinogenic effects is based on the Hazard Index and for carcinogenic effects is based on the life cancer probability and life loss expectancy (LLE). Thes...
0
93,278
Does regular exercise protect against air pollution-associated mortality?
Wong, CM; Ou, CQ; Thach, TQ; Chau, YK; Chan, KP; Ho, SY; Chung, RY; Lam, TH; Hedley, AJ
2,007
OBJECTIVES: To examine whether habitual exercise would modify the effects of air pollution on mortality. METHODS: This study included 24,053 Hong Kong Chinese who died at the age of 30 years or older in 1998. Individual information on frequency of exercise was obtained by interviewing their relatives at all four death ...
0
195,334
Blending of NR/BR/EPDM by reactive processing for tire sidewall applications. III. Assessment of the blend ozone- and fatigue-resistance in comparison with a conventional NR/BR compound
Sahakaro, K; Datta, RN; Baaij, J; Noordermeer, JWM
2,007
The NR/BR blend compound formulations for tire sidewall applications contain a set of stabilizers added to prevent degradation mainly due to oxygen, ozone, and heat. 6PPD is the most effective and widely used antiozonant in tire compounds, but is a highly staining material causing a surface discoloration of the tire si...
0
179,975
Air pollutant effects on fetal and early postnatal development
Wang, L; Pinkerton, KE
2,007
Numerical research on the health effects of air pollution has been published in the last decade. Epidemiological studies have shown that children?s exposure to air pollutants during fetal development and early postnatal life is associated with many types of health problems including abnormal development (low birth weig...
0
749,445
Mucolytic activity of bacterial and human chitinases
Sanders, NN; Eijsink, VG; van den Pangaart, PS; Joost van Neerven, RJ; Simons, PJ; De Smedt, SC; Demeester, J
2,007
Several pulmonary pathologies, like cystic fibrosis (CF), are characterized by hypersecretion and stasis of tenacious mucus. Bacterial glycosidases are known to degrade mucins but their use as mucolytic agents is questionable. The observation that bacterial chitinases degrade mucins and the recent discovery of human ch...
0
596,422
Protective role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in ozone-induced airway inflammation
Yoon, HK; Cho, HY; Kleeberger, SR
2,007
BACKGROUND: Exposure to ozone causes airway inflammation, hyperreactivity, lung hyper-permeability, and epithelial cell injury. An early inflammatory response induced by inhaled O(3) is characterized primarily by release of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and airway neutrophil accumulation. Matrix...
1
180,259
Is ozone flux inside leaves only a damage indicator? Clues from volatile isoprenoid studies
Loreto, F; Fares, S
2,007
Tropospheric ozone is increasing at a fast pace and causes large losses of production in cultivated plants and forests (UNECE, 2004). Ozone risk assessment has been based for a long time on exposure to external ozone concentration. Doses above a selected threshold (generally 40 nL L21) have been considered injurious, a...
1
191,496
Isoprene synthase expression and protein levels are reduced under elevated O-3 but not under elevated CO2 (FACE) in field-grown aspen trees
Calfapietra, C; Wiberley, AE; Falbel, TG; Linskey, AR; Mugnozza, GS; Karnosky, DF; Loreto, F; Sharkey, TD
2,007
Emission of hydrocarbons by trees has a crucial role in the oxidizing potential of the atmosphere. In particular, isoprene oxidation leads to the formation of tropospheric ozone and other secondary pollutants. It is expected that changes in the composition of the atmosphere will influence the emission rate of isoprene,...
0
199,357
Photosynthetic behavior of woody species under high ozone exposure probed with the JIP-test: A review
Bussotti, F; Strasser, RJ; Schaub, M
2,007
Visible ozone symptoms on leaves are expressions of physiological mechanisms to cope with oxidative stresses. Often, the symptoms consist of stippling, which corresponds to localized cell death (hypersensitive response, HR), separated from healthy cells by a layer of callose. The HR strategy tends to protect the health...
0
93,007
Lightning-produced NOx over Brazil during TROCCINOX: airborne measurements in tropical and subtropical thunderstorms and the importance of mesoscale convective systems
Huntrieser, H; Schlager, H; Roiger, A; Lichtenstern, M; Schumann, U; Kurz, C; Brunner, D; Schwierz, C; Richter, A; Stohl, A
2,007
During the TROCCINOX field experiments in February - March 2004 and February 2005, airborne in situ measurements of NO, NOy, CO, and O-3 mixing ratios and the J(NO2) photolysis rate were carried out in the anvil outflow of thunderstorms over southern Brazil. Both tropical and subtropical thunderstorms were investigated...
0
152,907
Chemical segregation by heterogeneous emissions
Auger, L; Legras, B
2,007
Ozone pollution in the boundary layer results from photoactivated chemistry of primary pollutants released at the ground. As emissions are highly inhomogeneous in space and time and some chemical time-scales are of the order or larger than dynamical time-scales, it is admitted that turbulent transport and mixing is a k...
0
196,581
Outdoor air pollution: ozone health effects
Chen, TM; Gokhale, J; Shofer, S; Kuschner, WG
2,007
Ozone is a respiratory irritant associated with a spectrum of adverse health events. Ground-level ozone has been shown to cause decreases in lung function and has been associated with other important respiratory health effects. Some reports suggest short-term increases in ozone lead to increased cardiopulmonary mortali...
0
126,736
An exceptional ozone episode in northern Fennoscandia
Lindskog, A; Karlsson, PE; Grennfelt, P; Solberg, S; Forster, C
2,007
Ground-based observations of ozone have been performed at three sites in northern Fennoscandia, Karasjok, Esrange and Pallas. The sites are located in remote, unpolluted areas far away from the European source regions, and thus representing the northern hemispheric background. Events of photochemical episodes are rare....
0
668,927
Terrestrial ecosystems, increased solar ultraviolet radiation, and interactions with bother climate change factors
Caldwell, MM; Bornman, JF; Ballare, CL; Flint, SD; Kulandaivelu, G
2,007
There have been significant advances in our understanding of the effects of UV-B radiation on terrestrial ecosystems, especially in the description of mechanisms of plant response. A further area of highly interesting research emphasizes the importance of indirect UV radiation effects on plants, pathogens, herbivoics, ...
1
191,380
Estimates of ozone AOT40 from passive sampling in forest sites in South-Western Europe
Gerosa, G; Ferretti, M; Bussotti, F; Rocchini, D
2,007
Weekly-fortnightly ozone (O-3) concentrations measured by passive sampling at 81 forest monitoring plots in France, Italy, Spain and Switzerland over the period 2000-2002 were used to estimate the cumulative exposure index AOT40. The estimation method is based on a deterministic model which describes the O-3 daily prof...
0
605,269
Air pollutant exposure during pregnancy and fetal and early childhood development. Research protocol of the INMA [Childhood and Environment Project]
Esplugues, A; Fernandez-Patier, R; Aguilera, I; Inigueza, C; Dos Santos, SG; Alfaro, AA; Lacasana, M; Estarlich, M; Grimalt, JO; Fernandez, M; Rebagliato, M; Sala, M; Tardon, A; Torrent, M; Martinez, MD; Ribas-Fito, N; Sunyer, J; Ballester, F
2,007
Introduction: The INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente (Spanish for Environment and Childhood]) project is a cooperative research network. This project aims to study the effects of environment and diet on fetal and early childhood development. This article aims to present the air pollutant exposure protocol during pregnancy...
0
625,277
Gel-based proteomics reveals potential novel protein markers of ozone stress in leaves of cultivated bean and maize species of Panama
Torres, NL; Cho, K; Shibato, J; Hirano, M; Kubo, A; Masuo, Y; Iwahashi, H; Jwa, NS; Agarwal, GK; Rakwal, R
2,007
We examined responses of cultivated bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. IDIAP R-3) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. Guarare 8128) plants exposed to ozone < O-3 > using a leaf injury assessment and proteomics approach. Plants grown for 16 days in greenhouse were transferred to an O-3 chamber and exposed continuously to 0.2 PPM O-...
0
195,838
Issues in the design and interpretation of chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies in rodents: approaches to dose selection
Rhomberg, LR; Baetcke, K; Blancato, J; Bus, J; Cohen, S; Conolly, R; Dixit, R; Doe, J; Ekelman, K; Fenner-Crisp, P; Harvey, P; Hattis, D; Jacobs, A; Jacobson-Kram, D; Lewandowski, T; Liteplo, R; Pelkonen, O; Rice, J; Somers, D; Turturro, A; West, W; Olin, S
2,007
For more than three decades chronic studies in rodents have been the benchmark for assessing the potential long-term toxicity, and particularly the carcinogenicity, of chemicals. With doses typically administered for about 2 years (18 months to lifetime), the rodent bioassay has been an integral component of testing pr...
0
520,992
The outdoor air quality flag program in central california: A school-based educational intervention to potentially help reduce children's exposure to environmental asthma triggers
Shendell, DG; Rawling, MM; Foster, C; Bohlke, A; Edwards, B; Rico, SA; Felix, J; Eaton, S; Moen, S; Roberts, EM; Love, MB
2,007
This paper describes a novel school-based, visual environmental public health educational intervention intended to help reduce the exposure of children-and adults-to outdoor air pollution, including known environmental asthma triggers like ozone and particles. The overarching goal was to enhance the learning, recreatio...
0
785,547
Summertime influence of Asian pollution in the free troposphere over North America
Liang, Q; Jaegle, L; Hudman, RC; Turquety, S; Jacob, DJ; Avery, MA; Browell, EV; Sachse, GW; Blake, DR; Brune, W; Ren, X; Cohen, RC; Dibb, JE; Fried, A; Fuelberg, H; Porter, M; Heikes, BG; Huey, G; Singh, HB; Wennberg, PO
2,007
We analyze aircraft observations obtained during INTEX-A (1 July to 14 August 2004) to examine the summertime influence of Asian pollution in the free troposphere over North America. By applying correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) to the observations between 6 and 12 km, we find dominant influen...
0
604,933
The environment and asthma in US inner cities
Eggleston, PA
2,007
Poor, minority children living in US inner cities have increased rates of asthma morbidity and mortality. Factors that contribute to these increased rates are varied and complex, with current evidence suggesting that the environment is an important causative factor. Respiratory morbidity is often the result of allergen...
0
191,640
Response of arbuscular mycorrhizal mungbean plants to ambient air pollution
Nasim, G; Bajwa, R; Hakeem, A
2,007
The experiments were conducted in open top chamber system installed at the University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan. The mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek var.M28) seeds were sown in earthen pots and were kept in filtered air, unfiltered air and ambient air. The ozone concentration was monitor...
0
191,384
Estimation of ozone concentration in a valley of the alps mountains based on bel-w3 tobacco leaf injury
Laffray, X; Rose, C; Garrec, JP
2,007
The level and distribution of tropospheric ozone in remote and wildness areas of the Maurienne valley, a main axis in European transport, were determined during summertime 2004 and 2005. A comprehensive distribution of biological and chemical sensors based on the commonly used ozone sensitive Bel-W3 tobacco and the pas...
1
92,837
Air pollution, socioeconomic position, and emergency hospital visits for asthma in Seoul, Korea
Kim, SY; O'Neill, MS; Lee, JT; Cho, Y; Kim, J; Kim, H
2,007
OBJECTIVE: Some epidemiological literature has observed that air pollution effects on health differed across regional or individual socioeconomic position. This study evaluated whether regional and individual socioeconomic position, as indicated by health insurance premiums, modified the effect of air pollution on hosp...
0
93,256
Potential confounding of particulate matter on the short-term association between ozone and mortality in multisite time-series studies
Bell, ML; Kim, JY; Dominici, F
2,007
BACKGROUND: A critical question regarding the association between short-term exposure to ozone and mortality is the extent to which this relationship is confounded by ambient exposure to particles.OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether particulate matter < 10 and < 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10 and PM2.5) is a co...
1
199,269
New approaches to study the relationship between stomatal conductance and environmental factors under Mediterranean climatic conditions
Vitale, M; Anselmi, S; Salvatori, E; Manes, F
2,007
The most frequently models used (Ball-Berry and Jarvis-type models) to estimate stomatal conductance (Gs) values have limitations when applied to plants growing in Mediterranean climate. To overcome these limitations, several statistical methodologies (Multiple Linear Regression, Neural Net Analysis (NNA)) were used to...
0
191,499
Leaf extracellular ascorbate in relation to O3 tolerance of two soybean cultivars
Cheng, FY; Burkey, KO; Robinson, JM; Booker, FL
2,007
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars Essex and Forrest that exhibit differences in ozone (03) sensitivity were used in greenhouse experiments to investigate the role of leaf extracellular antioxidants in 03 injury responses. Charcoal-filtered air and elevated 03 conditions were used to assess genetic, leaf age, a...
1
194,630
Ozone air pollution effects on tree-ring growth, delta(13)C, visible foliar injury and leaf gas exchange in three ozone-sensitive woody plant species
Novak, K; Cherubini, P; Saurer, M; Fuhrer, J; Skelly, JM; Krauchi, N; Schaub, M
2,007
We assessed the effects of ambient tropospheric ozone on annual tree-ring growth, delta(13)C in the rings, leaf gas exchange and visible injury in three ozone-sensitive woody plant species in southern Switzerland. Seedlings of Populus nigra L., Viburnum lantana L. and Fraxinus excelsior L. were exposed to charcoal-filt...
1
157,401
Kinetic Analysis of Competition between Aerosol Particle Removal and Generation by Ionization Air Purifiers
Alshawa, A; Russell, AR; Nizkorodov, SA
2,007
Ionization air purifiers are increasingly used to remove aerosol particles from indoor air. However, certain ionization air purifiers also emit ozone. Reactions between the emitted ozone and unsaturated volatile organic compounds (VOC) commonly found in indoor air produce additional respirable aerosol particles in the ...
0
93,046
A novel air pollution index based on the relative risk of daily mortality associated with short-term exposure to common air pollutants
Cairncross, EK; John, J; Zunckel, M
2,007
Communication of the complex relationship between air pollutant exposure and ill health is essential to an air pollution information system. We propose a novel air pollution index (API) system based on the relative risk of the well-established increased daily mortality associated with short-term exposure to common air ...
0
90,348
Interactive effects of ozone and climate on tree growth and water use in a southern Appalachian forest in the USA
Mclaughlin, SB; Nosal, M; Wullschleger, SD; Sun, G
2,007
A lack of data on responses of mature tree growth and water use to ambient ozone (O3 ) concentrations has been a major limitation in efforts to understand and model responses of forests to current and future changes in climate. o Here, hourly to seasonal patterns of stem growth and sap flow velocity were examined in ma...
1
191,472
Influence of ozone on litter quality and its subsequent effects on the initial structure of colonizing microbial communities
Aneja, MK; Sharma, S; Fleischmann, F; Stich, S; Heller, W; Bahnweg, G; Munch, JC; Schloter, M
2,007
Ozone is considered as the main factor in air pollution related to a decline of forest in North America and Europe. In the present study, the effect of changed litter quality, due to ozone stress to trees, on the microbial communities colonizing the subsequent litter was investigated. Litter bag technique using beech a...
1
191,634
Regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana vitamin B-6 biosynthesis genes by abiotic stress
Densiow, SA; Rueschhoff, EE; Daub, ME
2,007
Vitamin 136 (pyridoxine and its vitamers) plays an essential role as a co-factor for enzymatic reactions and has also recently been implicated in defense against cellular oxidative stress. The biosynthetic pathway was thoroughly characterized in Escherichia coli, however most organisms, including plants, utilize an alt...
0
191,230
Arctic air pollution: Origins and impacts
Law, KS; Stohl, A
2,007
Notable warming trends have been observed in the Arctic. Although increased human-induced emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases are certainly the main driving factor, air pollutants, such as aerosols and ozone, are also important. Air pollutants are transported to the Arctic, primarily from Eurasia, leading to high ...
0
199,300
Implications of climate change for the stomatal flux of ozone: A case study for winter wheat
Harmens, H; Mills, G; Emberson, LD; Ashmore, MR
2,007
Climate change factors such as elevated CO2 concentrations, warming and changes in precipitation affect the stomatal flux of ozone (O-3) into leaves directly or indirectly by altering the stomatal conductance, atmospheric O-3 concentrations, frequency and extent of pollution episodes and length of the growing season. R...
0
191,624
Profiling secondary metabolites of needles of ozone-fumigated white pine (Pinus strobus) clones by thermally assisted hydrolysis/methylation GC/MS
Shadkami, F; Helleur, RJ; Cox, RM
2,007
Plant secondary metabolites have an important role in defense responses against herbivores and pathogens, and as a chemical barrier to elevated levels of harmful air pollutants. This study involves the rapid chemical profiling of phenolic and diterpene resin acids in needles of two (ozone-tolerant and ozone-sensitive) ...
0
90,347
Interactive effects of ozone and climate on water use, soil moisture content and streamflow in a southern Appalachian forest in the USA
Mclaughlin, SB; Wullschleger, SD; Sun, G; Nosal, M
2,007
Documentation of the degree and direction of effects of ozone on transpiration of canopies of mature forest trees is critically needed to model ozone effects on forest water use and growth in a warmer future climate. o Patterns of sap flow in stems and soil moisture in the rooting zones of mature trees, coupled with l...
1
191,458
Impacts of elevated ozone and nitrogen on growth and photosynthesis of European aspen (Populus tremula) and hybrid aspen (P-tremula x Populus tremuloides) clones
Haikio, E; Freiwald, V; Silfver, T; Beuker, E; Holopainen, T; Oksanen, E
2,007
Impacts of elevated tropospheric ozone and soil nitrogen amendment on two native European aspen (Populus tremula L.) and eight hybrid aspen (P. tremula L. x Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones were studied in a free-air ozone exposure system. Potted saplings were exposed to ambient (ca. 20 ppb) or 1.5 x ambient ozone an...
0
191,406
Fluxes of oxidised and reduced nitrogen above a mixed coniferous forest exposed to various nitrogen emission sources
Neirynck, J; Kowalski, AS; Carrara, A; Genouw, G; Berghmans, P; Ceulemans, R
2,007
Concentrations of nitrogen gases (NH3, NO2, NO, HONO and HNO3) and particles (pNH(4) and pNO(3)) were measured over a mixed coniferous forest impacted by high nitrogen loads. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) represented the main nitrogen form, followed by nitric oxide (NO) and ammonia (NH3). A combination of gradient method (NH3...
0
614,600
Fungi - An indoor air quality assessment parameter for air-conditioned offices
Mui, KW; Chan, WY; Wong, LT; Hui, PS
2,007
Representative assessment parameters are proposed for indoor air quality (IAQ) audit in various strategies and guidelines.' In Hong Kong, assessment of indoor airborne fungi is not incorporated in many IAQ audits of air-conditioned offices, although the exposure to airborne fungi could cause a variety of adverse health...
0
90,702
The associations between air quality and the number of hospital admissions for acute pain and sickle-cell disease in an urban environment
Yallop, D; Duncan, ER; Norris, E; Fuller, GW; Thomas, N; Walters, J; Dick, MC; Height, SE; Thein, SL; Rees, DC
2,007
The clinical severity of sickle-cell disease (SCD) is dependent on genetic and environmental variables. Environmental factors have been poorly studied. We have investigated possible links between air pollution and acute pain in SCD. We retrospectively studied the numbers of daily admissions with acute sickle-cell pain ...
0
90,937
Ambient air passive sampler for NO-NO2, NOx, SO2, O3, NH3
null
2,007
The Ogawa Sampler is ideal for low-cost air monitoring programs, personal, outdoors and indoors. The only known method of passive simultaneous monitoring of NO & NO2. The Ogawa Sampler is reusable countless times. Only the pre-coated collection pad is expendable. The same sampler is used for all above shown gases.
1
668,901
Effects of solar UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with climate change
Hader, DP; Kumar, HD; Smith, RC; Worrest, RC
2,007
Recent results continue to show the general consensus that ozone-related increases in UV-B radiation can negatively influence many aquatic species and aquatic ecosystems (e.g., lakes, rivers, marshes, oceans). Solar UV radiation penetrates to ecological significant depths in aquatic systems and can affect both marine a...
1
197,805
Extraction and analysis of sterols in biological matrices by high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Mcdonald, JG; Thompson, BM; Mccrum, EC; Russell, DW
2,007
We describe the development of a high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method that allows the identification and quantitation of sterols in mammalian cells and tissues. Bulk lipids are extracted from biological samples by a modified Bligh/Dyer procedure in the presence of eight deuterated s...
0
188,457
Chromosomal aberrations in environmentally exposed population in relation to metabolic and DNA repair genes polymorphisms
Sram, R; Beskid, O; Binkova, B; Chvatalova, I; Lnenickova, Z; Milcova, A; Solansky, I; Tulupova, E; Bavorova, H; Ocadlikova, D; Farmer, PB
2,007
The capital city of Prague is one of the most polluted localities of the Czech Republic. Therefore, the effect of exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) adsorbed onto respirable air particles (< 2.5 mu m) on chromosomal aberrations was studied in a group of policemen (males, aged 22-50...
0
651,849
Ultraviolet-B irradiation enhances melanoma cell motility via induction of autocrine interleukin 8 secretion
Gebhardt, C; Averbeck, M; Viertel, A; Kauer, F; Saalbach, A; Anderegg, U; Simon, JC
2,007
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to be involved in the initiation and progression of malignant melanoma. Many studies have focused on the initiation of melanoma, but less is known about the effect of UVR on established tumor cells. Here, we show that after ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation, melanoma cells (MM) are ab...
0
191,395
Expression of the rice cytoplasmic cysteine synthase gene in tobacco reduces ozone-induced damage
Choi, YE; Kwon, KW; Lee, JC; Woo, SY
2,007
Cysteine serves as a precursor for the synthesis of various sulfur-containing metabolites, and the cysteine synthase (CS) gene plays a central role in the sulfur cycle in nature. In the present study, rcs1, a cytosolic CS gene of rice, was introduced into the genome of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The tolerance of wild...
0
180,148
Assessment of yield losses in tropical wheat using open top chambers
Rai, R; Agrawal, M; Agrawal, SB
2,007
The present study deals with the evaluation of effects of ambient gaseous air pollution on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. HUW-234) growing in a suburban area situated in eastern Gangetic plain of India, using open top chambers. Eight hourly air monitoring was conducted for ambient concentrations of SO2, NO2 and O3 in...
0
195,715
Environmental factors and developmental outcomes in the lung
Kajekar, R
2,007
The developing lung is highly susceptible to damage from exposure to environmental toxicants particularly due to the protracted maturation of the respiratory system, extending from the embryonic phase of development in utero through to adolescence. The functional organization of the lungs requires a coordinated ontogen...
0
628,545
Transient receptor potential A1 mediates acetaldehyde-evoked pain sensation
Bang, S; Kim, KY; Yoo, S; Kim, YG; Hwang, SW
2,007
Six transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels expressed in the sensory afferents play an important role as body thermosensors and also as peripheral pain detectors. It is known that a number of natural compounds specifically activate those sensory neuronal TRP channels, and a well-known example is cinnamaldehyde ...
1
191,459
Impacts of ozone on trees and crops
Felzer, BS; Cronin, T; Reilly, JM; Melilloa, JM; Wang, XD
2,007
In this review article, we explore how surface-level ozone affects trees and crops with special - emphasis on consequences for productivity and carbon sequestration. Vegetation exposure to ozone reduces photosynthesis, growth, and other plant functions. Ozone formation in the atmosphere is a product of NOx which are al...
0
191,357
Effects of long-term, free-air ozone fumigation on the cytokinin content of mature beech trees
Winwood, J; Pate, AE; Price, AJ; Hanke, DE
2,007
We present the results of a study of the effects of chronic exposure to elevated ozone on the cytokinins of mature beech trees. Methods for analysing the cytokinin (CK) content of beech (Fagus sylvatica) were developed using seven enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Samples taken during 2003 and 2004 from 10 m...
0
596,421
Study on effect and mechanism of sodium ferulate in preventing and treating ozone induced lung injury in mice
Wang, DJ; Zhou, WD; Dai, XJ; Yan, Y
2,007
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect and mechanism of sodium ferulate (SF) in preventing and treating ozone (O3) induced lung oxidative injury in mice. METHODS: Lung oxidative injury model mice were established by making them inhale O3. The activity of anti-oxidase and membranous microviscosity in epithelial cells in the lun...
0
90,732
Nanomaterials induce oxidized low-density lipoprotein cellular uptake in macrophages and platelet aggregation
Yasuharu, N; Naoharu, I
2,007
BACKGROUND: Nanomaterials have numerous potential benefits for society, but the potential hazards of nanomaterials on human health are poorly understood. Nanomaterials are known to pass into the circulatory system in humans, causing vascular injuries that might play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. The pre...
0
93,128
Studying the effect on system preference by varying coproduct allocation in creating life-cycle inventory
Curran, MA
2,007
How one models the input and output data for a life-cycle assessment (LCA) can greatly affect the results. Although much attention has been paid to allocation methodology by researchers in the field, specific guidance is still lacking. Earlier research focused on the effects of applying various allocation schemes to in...
0
152,608
Variations in black carbon aerosol, carbon monoxide and ozone over an urban area of Hyderabad, India, during the forest fire season
Badarinath, KVS; Kumar Kharol, S; Kiran Chand, TR; Parvathi, YG; Anasuya, T; Jyothsna, AN
2,007
Urban air quality monitoring plays an important role due to high concentration of particle sources and a large population exposed to elevated particle concentrations. Continuous ground based measurements of black carbon (BC) aerosol; carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) were carried out in the tropical urban region of H...
0
669,178
Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2006
null
2,007
null
0
93,270
Short-term effects of ozone air pollution on ischaemic stroke occurrence: A case-crossover analysis from a 10-year population-based study in Dijon, France
Henrotin, JB; Besancenot, JP; Bejot, Y; Giroud, M
2,007
Objective: To evaluate the association between air pollutants and the occurrence of acute stroke from 10-year population -based study.Methods: The daily stroke count was obtained from Dijon Stroke Register between March 1994 and December 2004. The register recorded all first-ever strokes among residents of Dillon (150 ...
1
191,597
Photosynthesis and yield responses of ozone-polluted winter wheat to drought
Xu, H; Biswas, DK; Li, WD; Chen, SB; Zhang, L; Jiang, GM; Li, YG
2,007
Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Jingdong 8) was exposed to short-term high ozone treatment after anthesis and then was either well irrigated with soil water content (SWC) of 80-85 % (O-3+W) or drought treated (SWC 35-40 %, 03 1)). Short-term ozone exposure significantly decreased irradiance-saturated net photosy...
0
199,780
Establishment and persistence of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in disturbed soil as a function of an urban?rural macro-environment
Ziska, LH; George, K; Frenz, DA
2,007
No data are available on whether rising carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] or increased air temperature can alter the establishment and persistence of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) within a plant community following soil disturbance. To determine ragweed longevity, we exposed disturbed soil with a common ...
0
191,420
Gas exchange and antioxidative compounds in young beech trees under free-air ozone exposure and comparisons to adult trees
Herbinger, K; Then, C; Haberer, K; Alexou, M; Low, M; Remele, K; Rennenberg, H; Matyssek, R; Grill, D; Wieser, G; Tausz, M
2,007
Three-year-old beech (Fagus sylvatica) seedlings growing in containers were placed into the sun and shade crown of a mature beech stand exposed to ambient (1 x O-3) and double ambient (2 x O-3) ozone concentrations at a free-air exposure system ("Kranzberg Forst", Germany). Pigments, alpha-tocopherol, glutathione, asco...
0
191,259
CASIROZ: Root parameters and types of ectomycorrhiza of young beech plants exposed to different ozone and light regimes
Zeleznik, P; Hrenko, M; Then, C; Koch, N; Grebenc, T; Levanic, T; Kraigher, H
2,007
Tropospheric ozone (O-3) triggers physiological changes in leaves that affect carbon source strength leading to decreased carbon allocation below-ground, thus affecting roots and root symbionts. The effects of O-3 depend on the maturity-related physiological state of the plant, therefore adult and young forest trees mi...
0
191,356
Effects of long-term free-air ozone fumigation on delta N-15 and total N in Fagus sylvatica and associated mycorrhizal fungi
Haberer, K; Grebenc, T; Alexou, M; Gessler, A; Kraigher, H; Rennenberg, H
2,007
Patterns of nitrogen (N) isotope composition (delta N-15) and total N contents were determined in leaves, fine roots, root-associated ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) of adult beech trees (Fagus sylvatica), and soil material under ambient (1 x O-3) and double ambient (2 x O-3) atmospheric ozone concentrations over a period ...
0
608,032
Detection of stratospheric ozone intrusions by windprofiler radars
Hocking, WK; Carey-Smith, T; Tarasick, DW; Argall, PS; Strong, K; Rochon, Y; Zawadzki, I; Taylor, PA
2,007
Nature is the international weekly journal of science: a magazine style journal that publishes full-length research papers in all disciplines of science, as well as News and Views, reviews, news, features, commentaries, web focuses and more, covering all branches of science and how science impacts
1
191,487
Internal conductance to CO2 transfer of adult Fagus sylvatica: Variation between sun and shade leaves and due to free-air ozone fumigation
Warren, CR; Low, M; Matyssek, R; Tausz, M
2,007
Two separate objectives were considered in this study. We examined (1) internal conductance to CO2 (g(i)) and photosynthetic limitations in sun and shade leaves of 60-year-old Fagus sylvatica, and (2) whether free-air ozone fumigation affects gi and photosynthetic limitations. gi and photosynthetic limitations were est...
0
120,673
Reactions between ozone and building products: Impact on primary and secondary emissions
Nicolas, M; Ramalho, O; Maupetit, F
2,007
Reactions of ozone on common building products were studied in a dedicated emission test chamber system. Fourteen new and unused products were exposed to 100-160 ppb of ozone at 23 degrees C and 50% RH during 48 h experiments. Ozone deposition velocities calculated at steady state were between 0.003 cm s(-1) (alkyd pai...
0
191,635
The relationship between isoprene emission rate and dark respiration rate in white poplar (Populus alba L.) leaves
Loreto, F; Centritto, M; Barta, C; Calfapietra, C; Fares, S; Monson, RK
2,007
In past studies, it was hypothesized that reductions in chloroplast isoprene emissions at high atmospheric CO2 concentrations were caused by competition between cytosolic and mitochondrial processes for the same substrate, possibly phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). We conducted field and laboratory experiments using leaves of...
0
668,896
Interactive effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on biogeochemical cycling
Zepp, RG; Erickson, DJ; Paul, ND; Sulzberger, B
2,007
This report assesses research on the interactions of UV radiation (280-400 nm) and global climate change with global biogeochemical cycles at the Earth's surface. The effects of UV-B (280-315 nm), which ate dependent on the stratospheric ozone layer, on biogeochemical cycles are often linked to concurrent exposure to U...
1
90,715
Respiratory and cardiovascular functions among smoking and nonsmoking girls from two regions with different air pollution degree
Turnovska, TH; Mandadzhieva, SK; Marinov, BI; Kostianev, SS
2,007
AIM: The aim of the present study was to analyze the respiratory and cardiovascular functions among smoking and nonsmoking girls attending two schools situated in regions with different levels of air pollution. The characteristic of air pollution is based on the data gathered by stations 1 and 2 belonging to the Unifor...
0
195,356
Effects of stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change on materials damage
Andrady, AL; Hamid, HS; Torikai, A
2,007
Nanoscale inorganic fillers with average particle sizes smaller by an order of magnitude or more compared to those of conventional fillers are becoming commercially available. The efficacy of these fillers used in polymer formulations and particularly their effect as photostabilizers are beginning to be investigated. T...
0
600,123
Evaluation of the contact and respiratory sensitization potential of volatile organic compounds generated by simulated indoor air chemistry
Anderson, SE; Wells, JR; Fedorowicz, A; Butterworth, LF; Meade, BJ; Munson, AE
2,007
Up to 60 million people working indoors experience symptoms such as eye, nose and throat irritation, headache, and fatigue. Investigations into these complaints have ascribed the effects to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from building materials, cleaning formulations, or other consumer products. New compound...
1
191,562
Ozone and forests in South-Western Europe
Ferretti, M; Bussotti, F; Calatayud, V; Sanz, MJ; Schaub, M; Krauchi, N; Petriccione, B; Sanchez-Pena, G; Ulrich, E
2,007
The paper provides basic information about background, objectives and structure of O3SWE (Ozone at the permanent monitoring plots in South-Western Europe), an international co-operative project aimed at evaluating O-3 concentrations, cumulative exposure, uptake and effects on forest vegetation in four countries of Sout...
0
141,092
An information theoretic perspective on mesoscale seasonal variations in ground-level ozone
Fleming, SW
2,007
Relatively little prior use has been made of information theory in air quality analysis. This paper explores whether basic, but formal, quantitative measures of information content might yield fresh perspectives on seasonal variations in the ground-level ozone concentration field across the lower Fraser Valley (LFV), B...
0
90,714
Ambient air pollution and daily pediatric hospitalizations for asthma
Magas, OK; Gunter, JT; Regens, JL
2,007
GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: A series of severe air pollution episodes in Europe and North America prior to 1960 have focused scientific and regulatory attention on the adverse effects of air pollution on human health. As a consequence of significant reductions in ambient air pollution levels in the intervening years, s...
0
148,869
Evaluation of air quality models for the simulation of a high ozone episode in the Houston metropolitan area
Byun, DW; Kim, ST; Kim, SB
2,007
A high ozone event in the Houston?Galveston?Brazoria area was utilized to study the shortcomings of the current air quality models. To improve the baseline simulations with the Comprehensive Air quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) for developing the state implementation plan, the Texas Commission on Environmental Qual...
0
361,727
Precise and accurate determination of lead isotope ratios in mining wastes by ICP-QMS as a tool to identify their source
Margui, E; Iglesias, M; Queralt, I; Hidalgo, M
2,007
A methodology for a precise and accurate determination of lead isotope ratios in mining wastes by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole-based mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) has been developed. The study of instrumental bias factors led to the conclusion that internal correction to compensate mass discrimination is require...
0
191,393
Evidence that branch cuvettes are reasonable surrogates for estimating O3 effects in entire tree crowns
Then, C; Herbinger, K; Blumenrother, M; Haberer, K; Heerdt, C; Oswald, W; Rennenberg, H; Grill, D; Tausz, M; Wieser, G
2,007
Within the scope of quantifying ozone (O-3) effects on forest tree crowns it is still an open question whether cuvette branches of adult trees are reasonable surrogates for O-3 responses of entire tree crowns and whether twigs exhibit autonomy in defense metabolism in addition to carbon autonomy. Therefore, cuvette-enc...
0
694,425
Role of colloids in heavy metal transfer through a retention-infiltration basin Secondary Title: Water Science and Technology
Durin, B; Bchet, B; Legret, M; Cloirec, PL
2,007
Runoff waters from a main bridge near Nantes (France), surface waters and pore waters in the infiltration basin collecting runoff were analysed after filtration and ultrafiltration to investigate the role of colloids in the transfer of trace metals (Zn, Cu and Pb) from the road to the groundwater. The role of the basin...
0
191,691
Synopsis of the CASIROZ case study: Cabon sink strength of Fagus sylvatica L. in a changing environment - Experimental risk assessment of mitigation by chronic ozone impact
Matyssek, R; Bahnweg, G; Ceulemans, R; Fabian, P; Grill, D; Hanke, DE; Kraigher, H; Osswald, W; Rennenberg, H; Sandermann, H; Tausz, M; Wieser, G
2,007
Databases are needed for the ozone (O-3) risk assessment on adult forest trees under stand conditions, as mostly juvenile trees have been studied in chamber experiments. A synopsis is presented here from an integrated case study which was conducted on adult Fagus sylvatica trees at a Central-European forest site. Emplo...
0
191,852
Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and yield of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes differing in sensitivity to ozone
Flowers, MD; Fiscus, EL; Burkey, KO; Booker, FL; Dubois, JJB
2,007
Understanding the impact of pollutant ozone (O3) is a concern for agricultural production. This work was undertaken as the first comparative study of the effects of O3 on the photosynthetic processes and yield of three snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes with known differences in sensitivity to O3 (S156, R123 a...
1
651,840
Cell type and DNA damage specific response of human skin cells to environmental agents
D'Errico, M; Lemma, T; Calcagnile, A; De Santis, LP; Dogliotti, E
2,007
The epidermis has evolved to provide a barrier against the environment, which is essential for survival. This barrier is constituted and continuously regenerated by terminally differentiating keratinocytes. Here, we summarize the main features of the response to UVB and oxidizing agents of human keratinocytes and compa...
0
191,417
Free-air exposure systems to scale up ozone research to mature trees
Karnosky, DF; Werner, H; Holopainen, T; Percy, K; Oksanen, T; Oksanen, E; Heerdt, C; Fabian, P; Nagy, J; Heilman, W; Cox, R; Nelson, N; Matyssek, R
2,007
Because seedlings and mature trees do not necessarily respond similarly to 03 stress, it is critically important that exposure systems be developed that allow exposure of seedlings through to mature trees. Here we describe three different 03 Free-Air Exposure Systems that have been used successfully for exposure at all...
0
90,349
Linking ozone uptake and defense towards a mechanistic risk assessment for forest trees [letter]
Wieser, G; Matyssek, R
2,007
null
0